417:
brainstormed a number of puzzles and then eliminated those with similar solutions, and arranged the others into a reasonable learning curve for the game. Despite this, Barth reflected that the tutorials provided to explain the game's mechanics had mixed responses, from some players who took up the concept easily to others that remained baffled as to the puzzle's goal even when instructions were set out step by step. In some cases, Barth discovered that players made assumptions on limitations of the game from these tutorials such as the idea that the red and blue waldos must remain in the separate halves of the screen. Based on the feedback that players had made on sites that hosted his previous Flash-based games, Barth designed the global-based histograms to allow players to check their solution without feeling overwhelmed by the top players as would be normally listed on a leaderboard. He also devised the means of sharing solutions through YouTube videos due to similar comments and discussions on the previous games.
301:
respect to atoms, bonds, and bond types; however, in larger puzzles, these factors will influence the inputs to downstream reactors. While the two waldos can cross over each other without harm, collision of atoms with one another or with the walls of the reactor is not allowed; such collisions stop the program and force the player to re-evaluate their solution. Similarly, if a waldo delivers the wrong product, the player will need to check their program. The player successfully completes each puzzle by constructing a program capable of repeatedly generating the required output, meeting a certain quota.
296:
each waldo independently through the grid. The commands direct the movement of the waldo, to pick up, rotate, and drop atoms and molecules, and to trigger reactor events such as chemical bond formation. The two waldos can also be synchronized, forcing one to wait for the other to reach a synchronization command. The reactors may support specific nodes, set by the player, that act where atomic bonds can be made or broken, where atoms can undergo fission or fusion, or where logic decisions based on atom type can be made. As such, the player is challenged to create a
1593:
339:
245:
1571:
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received a free update in late April 2011, which added several new features to the game as well as new puzzles. The patch included support for the
ResearchNet puzzle creation and sharing system, and for the Steam-enabled version, support for achievements and leaderboards specific for Steam friends.
317:
Upon completion of each puzzle, the player's performance is compared on a leaderboard based on the number of instructions placed in their reactors, the number of cycles it took to meet the quota, and the number of reactors required to meet the solution. The player also has an option to upload videos
295:
depicts the internal workings of a
Reactor, mapped out to a 10 × 8 regular grid. Each reactor has up to two input and up to two output quadrants, and supports two waldos, red and blue, manipulated through command icons placed on the grid. The player adds commands from an array to direct
424:
and other games, wanted to include a storyline along with the puzzles. The story missions included "defense" puzzles that typically were considered very hard to solve; Barth recognized after release that players would stall out at these puzzles and not attempt to complete the game, with only 2% of
305:
determine what intermediate products to produce to send to the next reactor. The player must not only program the individual reactors, often limited in functionality such as one that can only break bonds but not form them, but plan out the location and order of reactors to make the final product.
300:
to accept the given inputs, disassemble and reassemble them as necessary, and deliver them to the target output areas to match the required product. The product molecule does not need to match orientation or specific layout of the molecules as long as the molecule is topologically equivalent with
396:
took about a year with a team of seven people from around the globe to create: Barth was responsible for design and production, Collin Arnold and Keith Holman handled the programming, Ryan Sumo created the visuals, Evan Le Ny the music, Ken Bowen the sound and
Hillary Field created the game's
34:
659:
s gameplay, contrasting it with other open-ended activities as it offers the opportunity for the player to be as creative as they want to be within the minimal ruleset required of each puzzle. Robertson also found the game to be thrilling, having each puzzle initially appear "so astonishingly
304:
In larger puzzles, the player can also guide the formation of chemicals through multiple reactors, which they place out on a larger rectangular grid representing the planet's surface. From here, the output from one reactor will become the input for another reactor; the player is often free to
520:
Zachtronics
Industries has encouraged the game to be used as a learning tool for programming and chemistry concepts, and offers discounts for schools, though briefly offered the game free-of-charge for educational institutions for a few months after the release of the sandbox mode addition.
416:
In designing puzzles, Barth wanted to keep puzzles open-ended, allowing the player to come to a solution without funneling them in a specific direction. The team designed puzzles based on general chemistry concepts without envisioning the specific solution that the player would take. They
313:
levels, called out as defense levels, complete each planet; here, the player must efficiently create chemicals and deliver them in a timely manner, once the reactor systems have been started, to trigger defense systems to ward off attacking enemies before they destroy a control structure.
397:
narrative. The development costs were around $ 4,000, with the team working on the game during their spare time on weekends. Barth considered this a risk-cutting measure; if the game did not succeed, the team still had their full-time jobs they could continue. The team used the
664:'s John Teti praised the means through which the game introduced new mechanics without excessive reliance on tutorials; he commented that "the problems become more daunting" through the addition of new elements and commands, the game "is always more accessible than it looks".
425:
the players tracked having reached the final puzzle. Barth would have likely placed the harder puzzles at the end or as part of the
ResearchNet add-on. He also tried too much to incorporate a theme based on scientific research, popularized at the time by the success of
318:
of their solution to YouTube. The player, once having cleared a puzzle, can return to previous puzzles to try to improve their solution by reducing the number of instructions, cycles taken, or reactors used.
689:, he was able to quit his job at Microsoft and run his development company full-time. Ryan Sumo, the freelance artist for the game, gained recognition in the industry and went on to help develop the art for
431:. He instead found potential players were scared off by the chemistry aspect even though the game had little connection to real chemistry; a colleague had once suggested to Barth that if the game was named
684:
the best indie game of 2011. Though total sales of the game are unknown, at least 230,000 copies were purchases as part of the game's inclusion in the Humble Indie Bundle. Barth stated that with sales of
308:
The game's puzzles are divided into groups set on different planets. Players generally must complete each puzzle in order to progress to the next one, but the game includes optional harder puzzles. Final
453:, but Valve refused them, and thus opted for sale from their own website. Shortly after its release, the game received several positive reviews including one from Quintin Smith of the gaming website
537:
to develop three "edutainment" games for their platform before they returned to work on more direct entertainment titles, but used the opportunity to improve on their in-game teaching mechanics.
501:
port was released in July 2012. Both mobile platforms include most of the full game excluding the defense puzzles. The sandbox mode was added at the request of a player who was trying to explore
1290:
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660:
dispiriting" to what she had previously learned, but through trial and error coming to a solution that works and giving her the feeling of having "made a creative statement" in her solution.
1544:
461:
on March 17, 2011. The inclusion of the game on Steam was considered by Barth to be the largest boost to sales of the game, outweighing any other distribution method they had.
1017:
1503:
232:. The game has since been ported to other computing platforms and mobile devices. Reviewers found the game's open-ended problem-solving nature as a highlight of the title.
457:. Zachtronics was contacted two days later by Valve with an interest to add it to Steam. The game was subsequently made available on Steam by March 4, 2011, and later on
1078:
1220:
505:
computational abilities. Alongside the sandbox mode, Zactronics offered a contest for the most interesting sandbox creation. This same user was able to demonstrate a
1480:
922:
888:
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to include more realistic aspects of chemistry, such as more complex molecules, but did not pursue the idea immediately afterwards. About a year after completing
986:
1140:
1171:
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228:
later offered to sell the game after it received high praise from game journalists; further attention came from the game's release alongside one of the
825:
761:
1282:
1251:
1109:
548:, a site which features indie games with a pay-what-you-want model with a portion of the proceeds going to charity. Zachtronics Industries chose the
220:
The game was initially released for
Microsoft Windows at the start of 2011 via Zachtronics' own website. Though it was initially rejected for sale on
953:
545:
853:
1048:
1349:
1534:
405:
framework for the game which would allow for easy porting to other platforms beyond
Microsoft Windows. Initially, they had considered using
733:
522:
326:
created by the developers themselves, and user-submitted puzzles through its
ResearchNet service. A later addition included an open-ended
1316:
1724:
1009:
445:
from the
Zachtronics website for Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux computers. They had initially sought to get approval from
1449:
1386:
1511:
201:. In the game, the player is tasked to produce one or more specific chemical molecules via an assembly line by programming two
533:
led to several companies contacting
Zachtronics to develop educational titles; the company spent about two years working with
1620:
1070:
1228:
1472:
914:
1764:
1197:
880:
976:
559:
on the iOS and OS X platform. The reason they gave was due to the complexity of the Mono package for future support.
413:, but later opted to consider other release platforms, requiring them to switch to the more portable Mono framework.
1132:
1729:
1163:
370:
where the player had to place and program manipulator arms to construct atoms and molecules following the rules of
236:
was incorporated into some academic institutions for teaching concepts related to both chemistry and programming.
398:
1409:
771:
386:
in Seattle, giving him the idea to incorporate pipelines into the basic mechanics of molecule-building from
1101:
945:
1759:
648:
said "I think we might have just received one of the year's best indie games in the first week of 2011".
497:
in October 2011, using touch controls instead of mouse and keyboard to manipulate the visual program. An
297:
284:
Reactor Engineer whose task is to create circuits through which atoms and molecules flow with the aid of
206:
1341:
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1754:
857:
817:
549:
498:
126:
1719:
1613:
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is that overcoming these situations is more a case of inventing a solution than discovering one."
725:
1774:
1105:
1074:
1044:
359:
190:
46:
1669:
479:, which upon completion would reward the player with a decorative item they could use within
327:
75:
1312:
1749:
1744:
1734:
1606:
918:
645:
323:
53:
41:
420:
Barth had envisioned the game as his first commercial project, and based on feedback from
8:
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442:
427:
229:
95:
63:
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1739:
1641:
1576:
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1136:
884:
454:
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202:
105:
1439:
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1372:
534:
446:
310:
225:
110:
85:
1662:
691:
517:. Barth has mentioned the possibility of a sequel in an interview with IndieGamer.
473:
The update for the Steam version also included a small set of puzzles tied in with
253:
153:
1444:
665:
514:
475:
450:
402:
221:
383:
343:
213:
was the developer's first foray into a commercial title after a number of free
205:(called "waldos" in the game) that interact with atoms and molecules through a
1252:"Here we are now, edutain us: Education and games with SpaceChem's Zach Barth"
272:, and deliver the completed molecules to the appropriate quadrant on the right
1713:
1655:
555:
On October 25, 2015, Zachtronics announced they have dropped all support for
406:
198:
68:
1193:
644:
score of 84 out of 100 from its Microsoft Windows release. Quintin Smith of
1683:
435:
and modeled around alchemy, the game would have sold twice as many copies.
244:
1676:
1629:
1377:
1010:"Somehow, They Turned Chemistry Into the Next Video Game You Should Play"
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214:
182:
158:
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641:
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257:
194:
186:
33:
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649:
611:
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to produce particular batches of chemical shipments for each level.
1648:
1586:
1342:"SpaceChem for PC Reviews, Ratings, Credits and More at Metacritic"
1283:"Pay-what-you-want indie games site launches, spotlights SpaceChem"
766:
622:
529:
to teach students fundamental programming concepts. The success of
410:
261:
217:
browser games that feature similar puzzle-based assembly problems.
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1224:
371:
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269:
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118:
330:
where players could simply explore the game's capabilities.
494:
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114:
640:
was generally well received by critics, with an aggregate
552:
as the charity to which 10% of the proceeds were donated.
762:"Chemistry puzzler SpaceChem offered to schools for free"
342:
Barth was inspired by the derelict gasworks at Seattle's
122:
366:-based browser games with automation puzzles, including
1504:"Humble Frozen Synapse Bundle Passes $ 1 Million Mark"
382:, Barth was inspired by the disused chemical plant at
1535:"How Political Animals Got a Publisher : Part 1"
1566:
854:"Podcast 17 Zach Barth on SpaceChem and Infiniminer"
847:
845:
843:
513:, claiming that the visual programming language was
525:, schools in the United Kingdom have started using
977:"SpaceChem joins the Humble Frozen Synapse Bundle"
840:
1711:
1221:"SpaceChem Used as Educational Tool in Schools"
818:"Postmortem: Zachtronics Industries' SpaceChem"
1473:"Gamasutra's Best Of 2011: Top 10 Indie Games"
755:
753:
751:
719:
717:
715:
713:
711:
709:
707:
1614:
1336:
1334:
912:
811:
809:
1305:
915:"Better Living Through Chemistry: SpaceChem"
908:
906:
851:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
795:
793:
791:
789:
523:The Independent Games Developers Association
881:"My Chemical Romance: Zach Barth Interview"
748:
704:
1770:Video games developed in the United States
1621:
1607:
1591:
1331:
374:. Barth had wanted to expand the ideas in
32:
1407:
1274:
903:
786:
1280:
1218:
1133:"Lab It Up: SpaceChem Adds Sandbox Mode"
943:
337:
243:
1501:
1370:
1249:
1164:"Smashing Atoms In SpaceChem's Sandbox"
1161:
1020:from the original on September 30, 2011
956:from the original on September 10, 2011
487:charitable sale in early October 2011.
464:
1712:
1408:Robertson, Margaret (April 26, 2011).
1352:from the original on December 18, 2023
1102:"Playing in the sandbox: the winners!"
1071:"SpaceChem Mobile is out for Android!"
1008:Tolito, Stephan (September 28, 2011).
1007:
1602:
1452:from the original on February 6, 2015
1130:
1099:
1038:
974:
878:
856:. Indie Games Podcast. Archived from
815:
759:
252:program requiring the player to make
1532:
1483:from the original on January 4, 2012
1470:
1410:"Five Minutes of ... SpaceChem"
1371:Cameron, Phill (February 17, 2011).
1293:from the original on October 6, 2012
989:from the original on October 6, 2011
891:from the original on January 9, 2020
723:
441:was released on January 1, 2011 via
1389:from the original on April 20, 2011
1364:
1162:Pearson, Craig (January 24, 2012).
879:Smith, Quintin (January 20, 2011).
566:
368:The Codex of Alchemical Engineering
13:
1502:Herring, Will (October 12, 2011).
1420:from the original on June 27, 2012
1319:from the original on March 5, 2016
1262:from the original on April 7, 2015
1200:from the original on July 15, 2011
1112:from the original on June 25, 2012
1081:from the original on April 2, 2015
1051:from the original on June 25, 2012
828:from the original on June 16, 2012
736:from the original on July 16, 2011
358:, Zach Barth, the designer behind
14:
1791:
1562:
1547:from the original on June 9, 2016
1281:Phillips, Tom (October 3, 2012).
1174:from the original on May 12, 2012
1143:from the original on July 7, 2012
1131:Smith, Adam (November 29, 2011).
913:Quintin Smith (January 6, 2011).
760:Brown, Mark (November 29, 2011).
280:, the player takes the role of a
140:
1725:Android (operating system) games
1569:
1471:Rose, Mike (December 16, 2011).
1250:Cameron, Phill (April 6, 2015).
1100:Barth, Zach (January 23, 2012).
925:from the original on May 9, 2011
1628:
1526:
1495:
1464:
1432:
1401:
1243:
1219:Davidson, Pete (July 7, 2011).
1212:
1196:. Zachtronics Industries, Inc.
1186:
1155:
1124:
1093:
1063:
1032:
946:"SpaceChem free update details"
724:Teti, John (February 4, 2011).
483:. The game was included in the
1041:"SpaceChem for Android Update"
1001:
975:Zacny, Rob (October 5, 2011).
968:
937:
872:
852:Michael Rose (March 8, 2011).
652:'s Margaret Robertson praised
333:
1:
944:Phillips, Tom (May 3, 2011).
816:Barth, Zach (June 13, 2012).
698:
1039:Barth, Zach (June 3, 2012).
562:
485:Humble Frozen Synapse Bundle
7:
1533:Sumo, Ryan (June 3, 2016).
409:for ease of porting to the
239:
207:visual programming language
10:
1796:
550:Against Malaria Foundation
1765:Single-player video games
1636:
604:
601:
579:
576:
544:was the featured game on
449:to sell the game through
291:The primary game mode of
193:, based on principles of
164:
152:
132:
104:
94:
84:
74:
62:
52:
40:
31:
26:
1730:Cross-platform software
1194:"SpaceChem – Education"
540:On September 30, 2012,
1106:Zachtronics Industries
1075:Zachtronics Industries
1045:Zachtronics Industries
401:language built on the
362:, had created several
360:Zachtronics Industries
351:
273:
191:Zachtronics Industries
58:Zachtronics Industries
47:Zachtronics Industries
860:on September 22, 2018
670:said "The triumph of
341:
247:
919:Rock, Paper, Shotgun
726:"SpaceChem – Review"
646:Rock, Paper, Shotgun
465:Post-release support
324:downloadable content
230:Humble Indie Bundles
1514:on December 2, 2011
1231:on December 2, 2011
598:
573:
509:interpreter within
346:in the creation of
203:remote manipulators
1760:Puzzle video games
1577:Video games portal
1448:. April 15, 2011.
1440:"SpaceChem Review"
1373:"SpaceChem Review"
1168:Rock Paper Shotgun
1137:Rock Paper Shotgun
885:Rock Paper Shotgun
596:
571:
493:was ported to the
455:Rock Paper Shotgun
352:
274:
222:the Steam platform
1780:Zachtronics games
1755:Programming games
1707:
1706:
1383:Future Publishing
1073:(Press release).
634:
633:
594:
593:
174:
173:
111:Microsoft Windows
1787:
1720:2011 video games
1670:Möbius Front '83
1663:Ironclad Tactics
1623:
1616:
1609:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1590:
1589:
1587:Official website
1579:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1510:. Archived from
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1468:
1462:
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1459:
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1430:
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1300:
1298:
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1272:
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1269:
1267:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1227:. Archived from
1216:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1159:
1153:
1152:
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1148:
1128:
1122:
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1119:
1117:
1097:
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1090:
1088:
1086:
1077:. July 9, 2012.
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838:
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835:
833:
813:
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783:
781:
779:
770:. Archived from
757:
746:
745:
743:
741:
721:
692:Prison Architect
658:
599:
595:
574:
570:
443:digital download
199:chemical bonding
144:
142:
36:
24:
23:
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1710:
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1125:
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831:
829:
814:
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777:
775:
774:on May 18, 2012
758:
749:
739:
737:
722:
705:
701:
656:
635:
572:Aggregate score
569:
565:
515:Turing complete
481:Team Fortress 2
476:Team Fortress 2
467:
336:
242:
148:
145:January 1, 2011
139:
22:
21:2011 video game
17:
16:2011 video game
12:
11:
5:
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1563:External links
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1363:
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1313:"Support Drop"
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546:IndieGameStand
466:
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384:Gas Works Park
344:Gas Works Park
335:
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298:visual program
254:titanium oxide
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1775:Windows games
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1735:Indie games
1677:Opus Magnum
1630:Zachtronics
1518:October 12,
1456:January 12,
1378:PC Gamer UK
1356:October 30,
1323:December 5,
982:PC Gamer UK
602:Publication
334:Development
215:Flash-based
159:Puzzle game
106:Platform(s)
96:Composer(s)
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1346:Metacritic
1297:October 6,
993:October 5,
699:References
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586:Metacritic
577:Aggregator
459:GamersGate
258:zinc oxide
195:automation
187:indie game
100:Evan LE NY
69:Zach Barth
1740:IOS games
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1393:April 29,
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90:Ryan Sumo
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826:Archived
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767:Wired UK
734:Archived
624:PC Gamer
411:Xbox 360
262:titanium
240:Gameplay
154:Genre(s)
1698:TIS-100
1551:June 7,
1508:GamePro
1225:GamePro
1085:July 9,
864:July 2,
535:Amplify
499:Android
372:alchemy
165:Mode(s)
133:Release
127:Android
1014:Kotaku
680:named
590:84/100
428:Portal
286:waldos
270:oxygen
268:, and
260:using
183:puzzle
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451:Steam
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422:Codex
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364:Flash
226:Valve
181:is a
119:Linux
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667:Edge
626:(UK)
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495:iPad
403:Mono
311:boss
266:zinc
256:and
197:and
185:and
115:OS X
276:In
189:by
123:iOS
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