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811:'Heavenly Palace'), the first module of which was launched on 29 April 2021, is in low Earth orbit, 340 to 450 kilometres above the Earth at an orbital inclination of 42° to 43°. Its planned construction via 11 total launches across 2021–2022 is intended to extend the core module with two laboratory modules, capable of hosting up to six crew.
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Two types of space stations have been flown: monolithic and modular. Monolithic stations consist of a single vehicle and are launched by one rocket. Modular stations consist of two or more separate vehicles that are launched independently and docked on orbit. Modular stations are currently preferred
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is a planned commercial segment to be added to the ISS starting in the mid-2020s. Axiom Space gained NASA approval for the venture in
January 2020. Up to three Axiom modules will attach to the International Space Station. The first module, Hab One, is expected to be launched at the end of 2026 and
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resupply mission. This module, based on NASA research in the 1990s, weighed 1,400 kilograms (3,100 lb) and was transported while compressed before being attached to the ISS by the space station arm and inflated to provide a 16 cubic metres (21 cu yd) volume. Whilst it was initially
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Molds that develop aboard space stations can produce acids that degrade metal, glass, and rubber. Despite an expanding array of molecular approaches for detecting microorganisms, rapid and robust means of assessing the differential viability of the microbial cells, as a function of phylogenetic
514:
Early stations were monolithic designs that were constructed and launched in one piece, generally containing all their supplies and experimental equipment. A crew would then be launched to join the station and perform research. After the supplies had been consumed, the station was abandoned.
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also fit this description, they are usually not considered space habitats as they are heading for a destination), but the line between the two is fuzzy with significant overlap and the term space station is sometimes used for both concepts. The first such artificial satellite in fiction was
2112:
During the first 20 years of operation of the
International Space Station, there were around 3,000 scientific experiments in the areas of biology and biotech, technology development, educational activities, human research, physical science, and Earth and space science.
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after the end of mission is reached for the ISS. However, in
September 2017, the head of Roscosmos said that the technical feasibility of separating the station to form OPSEK had been studied, and there were now no plans to separate the Russian segment from the ISS.
1412:, orbital navigation and propulsion, automation and robotics, computing and communications, environmental and life support, crew facilities, and crew and cargo transportation. Stations must serve a useful role, which drives the capabilities required.
657:, fly to the correct orbit, and dock themselves without human intervention. Connections are automatically made for power, data, gases, and propellants. The Russian autonomous approach allows the assembly of space stations prior to the launch of crew.
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sped ahead and made the Apollo program focus on what was originally planned to come after it, the lunar landing. The
Project Olympus space station, or orbiting laboratory of the Apollo program, was proposed as an in-space unfolded structure with the
184:, through which they are built and maintained, allowing the joining or movement of modules and the docking of other spacecrafts for the exchange of people, supplies and tools. While space stations generally do not leave their orbit, they do feature
511:. The hardware developed during the initial Soviet efforts remains in use, with evolved variants comprising a considerable part of the ISS, orbiting today. Each crew member stays aboard the station for weeks or months but rarely more than a year.
1391:, announced in July 2024 that has contracted Mitsui & Co. to develop a concept for a new space station module for eventual flight and docking to an American private space station as yet to be determined as of the initial announcement.
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608:; a core unit was launched, and additional modules, generally with a specific role, were later added. This method allows for greater flexibility in operation, as well as removing the need for a single immensely powerful
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680:. Connections for electrical power, data, propulsion, and cooling fluids are also made at this time, resulting in an integrated block of modules that is not designed for disassembly and must be deorbited as one mass.
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As it currently costs on average $ 10,000 to $ 25,000 per kilogram to launch anything into orbit, space stations remain the exclusive province of government space agencies, which are primarily funded by
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1583:, and the development of on-site agricultural ecosystems. Some designs might even accommodate large numbers of people, becoming essentially "cities in space" where people would reside semi-permanently.
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These space stations have been announced by their host entity and are currently in planning, development or production. The launch date listed here may change as more information becomes available.
612:. Modular stations are also designed from the outset to have their supplies provided by logistical support craft, which allows for a longer lifetime at the cost of requiring regular support launches.
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The space station environment presents a variety of challenges to human habitability, including short-term problems such as the limited supplies of air, water, and food and the need to manage
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International Space
Station : 1998-2011 (all stages) : an insight into the history, development, collaboration, production and role of the permanently manned earth-orbiting complex
65:
Size comparisons between current and past space stations as they appeared most recently. Solar panels in blue, heat radiators in red. Stations have different depths not shown by silhouettes.
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shortly before it was abandoned; this served as a proof of concept for the use of modular space stations. The later
Salyuts may reasonably be seen as a transition between the two groups.
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supply vehicles to be docked to the station, meaning that fresh supplies could be brought to aid long-duration missions. This concept was expanded on Salyut 7, which "hard docked" with a
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may attempt to address these issues, and could be designed for occupation beyond the weeks or months that current missions typically last. Possible solutions include the creation of
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Space stations provide a useful platform to test the performance, stability, and survivability of materials in space. This research follows on from previous experiments such as the
561:(1973–1979) was also equipped with two docking ports, like second-generation stations, but the extra port was never used. The presence of a second port on the new stations allowed
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698:. Axiom Space plans to attach up to two additional modules to its first core module, and send private astronauts to inhabit the modules. The modules would later detach into the
1733:, with its first occupation in 2000. The ISS has hosted the highest number of people in orbit at the same time, reaching 13 for the first time during the eleven day docking of
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Ondler said in the briefing that the first of those modules is now scheduled to launch to the ISS at the end of 2026, about a year later than the company previously announced.
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Ondler said in the briefing that the first of those modules is now scheduled to launch to the ISS at the end of 2026, about a year later than the company previously announced.
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on April 19, 1971. The early Soviet stations were all designated "Salyut", but among these, there were two distinct types: civilian and military. The military stations,
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could spend 90 days in space, at which point it needed to be replaced by a fresh Soyuz spacecraft. This allowed for a crew to man the station continually. The
American
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1717:(1973–1974), having allowed a progression of long-duration direct human presence in space. Long-duration resident crews have been joined by visiting crews since 1977 (
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mission in 2009. The record for most people on all space stations at the same time has been 17, first on May 30, 2023, with 11 people on the ISS and 6 on the TSS.
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1312:"Scheduled to be the world's first commercial space station, Haven-1 and subsequent human spaceflight missions will accelerate access to space exploration"
1602:
1144:"The StarMax module provides up to 400 cubic meters of usable habitable volume - nearly half the volume of the International Space Station in one module."
1348:"Before offering LIFE for Orbital Reef, though, the company is proposing to launch a standalone “pathfinder” version of LIFE as soon as the end of 2026".
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2291:. The difference between the two is that habitats are larger and more complex structures intended as permanent homes for substantial populations (though
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With Russia leaving the ISS programme sometime after 2024, Roscosmos announced this new space station in April 2021 as the replacement for that program.
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Eventually will detach from the ISS in the early 2030s and form a private, free flying space station for commercial tourism and science activities.
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3357:"ISRO Chairman announces details of Gaganyaan, Chandrayaan-2 and Missions to Sun& Venus India to have its own space station, says Dr K Sivan"
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A space station is a complex vehicle that must incorporate many interrelated subsystems, including structure, electrical power, thermal control,
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de Groh, Kim K.; Banks, Bruce A.; Dever, Joyce A.; Jaworske, Donald A.; Miller, Sharon K. R.; Sechkar, Edward A.; Panko, Scott R. (March 2008).
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166:. The highest number of people at the same time on one space station has been 13, first achieved with the eleven day docking to the ISS of
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1239:, but will instead build a space station of its own. of 52 Tonne Mass It is intended to be built 5–7 years after the conclusion of the
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1096:"Commercial platform supporting a business designed to enable science, research, and manufacturing for customers around the world."
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5112:. Vol. 385. European Space Agency. Noordwijk, The Netherlands: European Space Agency Publications Division. pp. 19–27.
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3633:"Space Compass initiates feasibility study to commercialize telecom and on-orbit data processing for post-ISS Japanese Module"
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was merged with
Tiangong-2. The station made a controlled reentry on 19 July 2019 and burned up over the South Pacific Ocean.
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2304:" in 1869, a sphere of bricks 61 meters across accidentally launched into orbit around the Earth with people still onboard.
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3975:"Curious Kids: Where does the oxygen come from in the International Space Station, and why don't they run out of air?"
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Space stations have harboured so far the only long-duration direct human presence in space. After the first station,
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5382:. 2nd European Symposium on Utilisation of the International Space Station. Vol. 433. Noordwijk, Netherlands:
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were built with two docking ports, which allowed a second crew to visit, bringing a new spacecraft with them; the
97:. The purpose of maintaining a space station varies depending on the program. Most often space stations have been
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Space
Station Utilisation, Proceedings of the Symposium held 30 September – 2 October, 1996 in Darmstadt, Germany
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orbiting Earth at a height of 8,200 kilometres (5,100 mi). No further research was ever conducted. In 1951,
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5858:, October 1951, pp. 120–121; article on the subject of space exploration and a space station orbiting earth
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1445:, thermal effects of the sun and cold temperatures for very long periods of time. They are typically made from
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334:, referencing Potočnik's idea. However, development of a rotating station was never begun in the 20th century.
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5226:"Overview of the space environmental effects observed on the retrieved long duration exposure facility (LDEF)"
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1729:. Uninterrupted occupation of stations has been achieved since the operational transition from the Mir to the
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in March to July 1986 was the first and as of 2016, only spacecraft to visit two different space stations,
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Noumi, Ai; Ujiie, Ryo; Ueda, Satoshi; Someya, Kazunori; Ishihama, Naoki; Kondoh, Yoshinori (2018-01-08).
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from 1994 to 1995. As of 2021, four cosmonauts have completed single missions of over a year, all aboard
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space station was in orbit from 1986 to 2001 and was supported and visited by the following spacecraft:
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The
Russian "second-generation" modules are able to be reconfigured to suit changing needs. As of 2009,
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Space station air and water is brought up in spacecraft from Earth before being recycled. Supplemental
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Currently there are two fully operational space stations – the International Space Station (ISS) and
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Research conducted on the Mir included the first long term space based ESA research project EUROMIR
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140:. Uninterrupted occupation has been sustained since the operational transition from the Mir to the
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4683:"With successful splashdown, SpaceX retires first version of Dragon spacecraft – Spaceflight Now"
4630:"The last voyage of NASA's space shuttle: Looking back at Atlantis' final mission 10 years later"
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1544:. These conditions can create long-term health problems for space-station inhabitants, including
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1194:"Commercial station in LEO for research, industrial, international, and commercial customers."
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4227:. AIAA SciTech Forum. Kissimmee, Florida: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
4220:"Verification of HTV-X resilient design by simulation environment with model-based technology"
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then successfully performed an automatic rendezvous and docking in November 2011. The crewed
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3159:"Airbus et Voyager vont créer une coentreprise pour la construction d'une station spatiale"
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689:
219:". The first to give serious, scientifically grounded consideration to space stations were
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was included in the project, as of 2024, it appears their primary role has been filled by
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4198:"Last in current line of Japan's HTV cargo ships departs space station – Spaceflight Now"
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is slated to expand once launch costs are lowered sufficiently. By the end of the 2020s,
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Kinard, W.; O'Neal, R.; Wilson, B.; Jones, J.; Levine, A.; Calloway, R. (October 1994).
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4257:"Russia's position in space race above India but below US and China — RealnoeVremya.com"
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Intended to serve as a science platform and as a staging area for the lunar landings of
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performed the first ever internal transfer of astronauts between two docked spaceships.
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and eventually become a lunar orbiting module which was used for station-like purposes.
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The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy: Themes, Works, and Wonders
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4729:"Shenzhou-12 and three crew members successfully launch to new Chinese space station"
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3134:"Voyager Space and Airbus to Form Joint Venture for Starlab Commercial Space Station"
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This article is about an outpost in space. For radio broadcasts sent from space, see
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5274:"The Long Duration Exposure Facility—A forgotten bridge between Apollo and Stardust"
2764:
Engineering Challenges to the Long-Term Operation of the International Space Station
348:
The first human flew to space and concluded the first orbit on April 12, 1961, with
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2372:"Chinese astronaut launch breaks record for most people in orbit – Spaceflight Now"
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docking. While never realized, the Apollo command and service module would perform
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performed the first docked, but not internal, crew transfer, and finally in March
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The Russian Orbital Segment's "second-generation" modules were able to launch on
5993:
3576:"Sierra Space describes long-term plans for Dream Chaser and inflatable modules"
3517:"Vast and SpaceX aim to put the first commercial space station in orbit in 2025"
3079:"SpaceX yet to select launch pad for next Axiom Space private astronaut mission"
2790:"SpaceX yet to select launch pad for next Axiom Space private astronaut mission"
2661:
2004:(1986–2000) – An additional Progress spacecraft was used in 2001 to deorbit Mir.
304:
was published, the first to envision a "rotating wheel" space station to create
9141:
8744:
8724:
8651:
8613:
8513:
8476:
8034:
7814:
7804:
7742:
7605:
7532:
7493:
7414:
7387:
7241:
7215:
7105:
7076:
7054:
7044:
7034:
6987:
6524:
6500:
6468:
5617:
5613:
5601:
5570:
5566:
5554:
5168:
5075:
4355:
4219:
3949:
3871:
3493:
2301:
2273:
1722:
1545:
1537:
1481:
year lifetime it was still attached and being used for storage in August 2022.
1294:
1047:
609:
605:
566:
490:
410:
394:
356:
317:
224:
216:
133:
5840:
5795:
Manned space stations" Their construction, operation and potential application
5699:
4925:"Spaceflight Now | Mir | Deorbiting space tug arrives at Russia's Mir station"
4604:"Space History Photo: Madeleine Albright & Daniel Goldin at STS-88 Launch"
10169:
9379:
8769:
8719:
8694:
8575:
8334:
8133:
8113:
7426:
7409:
7230:
7147:
7110:
7081:
7071:
7039:
7017:
6997:
6960:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6438:
6387:
6356:
5890:
5707:
5517:
5354:
5305:
5099:
4924:
4901:"Spaceflight Now | Mir | Space tug poised for launch to Russia's Mir station"
4098:
3691:
3638:(Press release). Space Compass Corporation. 26 September 2023. Tokyo, Japan.
3333:
2571:
2529:
2431:
2284:
2227:
2202:
2016:
1902:
1568:
1325:
1289:
1167:
1156:
1117:
1063:
1036:
1025:
947:
940:
866:
858:
759:
699:
673:
364:
181:
170:
110:
5683:
5454:
5409:
5135:
5051:
5026:
3414:
2889:"China's Tiangong-1 Space Station Has Fallen Back to Earth Over the Pacific"
1721:), and stations have been occupied by consecutive crews since 1987 with the
371:
flight and an orbital laboratory station in orbit of Earth, at times called
8879:
8798:
8764:
8754:
8729:
8560:
8385:
8211:
8197:
7988:
7943:
7600:
7483:
7377:
7317:
7300:
7120:
7098:
7049:
7007:
6992:
6977:
6843:
6802:
6767:
6587:
6473:
6366:
5444:. International Symposium on SM/MPAC and SEED Experiments. Tsukuba, Japan:
5376:
Nicogossian, Arnauld E.; Roy, Stephanie (November 1998). Wilson, A. (ed.).
5258:
5176:
5157:"Astronauts have conducted nearly 3,000 science experiments aboard the ISS"
3207:
2324:
1687:
1616:
1612:
1473:
1330:
1172:
1149:
523:
478:
159:
6545:
Notes: † Never inhabited due to launch or on-orbit failure, ‡ Part of the
5870:
5820:
Read Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports regarding Space Stations
3508:
3455:
3030:"China to begin construction of space station this year – Spaceflight Now"
2762:
2547:
2505:
8972:
8853:
8848:
8843:
8838:
8833:
8749:
8684:
8555:
8496:
8365:
8355:
8252:
8246:
8029:
8017:
8012:
7963:
7938:
7908:
7903:
7851:
7846:
7671:
7585:
7544:
7505:
7382:
7207:
7130:
7093:
6982:
5832:
5107:
3600:
3567:
2206:
2177:
1672:
1161:
952:
744:
661:
368:
230:
163:
5330:"Shuttle and MIR Special Environmental Effects and Hardware Cleanliness"
4232:
664:
was considering the removal and reuse of some modules of the ROS on the
9698:
8759:
8491:
8271:
8218:
7958:
7537:
7115:
6252:
6215:
6118:
6113:
6037:
5609:
5562:
5297:
5052:"SP-4208 LIVING AND WORKING IN SPACE: A HISTORY OF SKYLAB – Chapter 17"
5027:"SP-4208 LIVING AND WORKING IN SPACE: A HISTORY OF SKYLAB – Chapter 15"
4703:"China space station: Shenzhou-12 delivers first crew to Tianhe module"
3521:
1786:
1785:
Many spacecraft are used to dock with the space stations. Soyuz flight
1658:
1611:
Like uncrewed spacecraft close to the Sun, space stations in the inner
1533:
774:
770:
740:
736:
732:
554:
508:
504:
78:
3649:
3253:
3251:
8570:
8420:
8232:
8225:
7654:
7620:
7451:
7372:
7295:
7290:
7261:
7002:
6955:
6824:
6807:
6247:
6236:
6231:
6141:
6136:
4779:"China launches Tianzhou 2, first cargo mission to new space station"
3613:
3580:
3083:
2949:
2846:"China launches TianGong-1 to mark next human space flight milestone"
2794:
2739:
2198:
1998:
1861:
1839:
1261:
1240:
1030:
995:
466:
285:
211:
The first mention of anything resembling a space station occurred in
7256:
3541:
1464:
The International Space Station has a single inflatable module, the
1437:
Space stations are made from durable materials that have to weather
9166:
8285:
8123:
7590:
7446:
7431:
7166:
6873:
6721:
6242:
6087:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6032:
6022:
4658:"SpaceX Launches Private Capsule on Historic Trip to Space Station"
4331:"Cygnus sets date for next ISS mission – Castor XL ready for debut"
3625:
3609:"Japanese venture seeks to develop commercial space station module"
3315:"ISRO Looks Beyond Manned Mission; Gaganyaan Aims to Include Women"
3291:
3248:
3232:"Blue Origin andn Sierra Space Developing Commercial Space Station"
3108:
2865:
2861:"Tiangong-1: Defunct China space lab comes down over South Pacific"
2820:"NASA selects Axiom Space to build commercial space station module"
2340:
2320:
2219:
2197:, guests sometimes pay $ 50 million to spend the week living as an
1794:
1718:
1710:
1706:
1690:
1450:
1232:
550:
546:
535:
531:
527:
519:
482:
441:
414:
406:
402:
349:
261:
125:
121:
3070:
876:
727:
Rendering of the completed Tiangong Space Station in November 2022
9693:
8930:
8486:
8390:
7527:
7515:
7441:
6834:
6812:
6687:
6672:
6361:
5386:
Publications Division, ESTEC (published 1999). pp. 653–658.
5327:
Harvey, Gale A; Humes, Donald H; Kinard, William H (March 2000).
1734:
1282:
743:
then docked with Tiangong-1 in June 2012, followed by the crewed
437:
433:
424:
313:
277:
167:
8303:
5729:
Outposts on the Frontier: A Fifty-Year History of Space Stations
3349:
2549:
Outposts on the Frontier: A Fifty-Year History of Space Stations
58:
9151:
8405:
7968:
7159:
7154:
6868:
6863:
6829:
6817:
6762:
6714:
6707:
6682:
6677:
6556:
6092:
4976:
4147:"NASA Adds Sierra Nevada's Dream Chaser To ISS Supply Vehicles"
3842:"Bigelow Aerospace transfers BEAM space station module to NASA"
3660:
3657:"Mitsui selected to conduct a concept study of Japanese module"
3477:
3423:"India's own space station to come up in 5–7 years: Isro chief"
3109:"Russia to set up national orbital outpost in 2027 — Roscosmos"
2029:
1714:
1638:
1561:
1458:
1256:
1103:
1058:
990:
886:
796:
763:
558:
494:
470:
461:
453:
129:
5379:
Transitioning from Spacelab to the International Space Station
5002:"STS-91 Space Radiation Environment Measurement Program -TOP-"
4754:"China launches new cargo ship to Tianhe space station module"
3763:"CRS-8 Dragon completes ISS mission, splashes down in Pacific"
3740:
3447:
2991:"China plans to launch core module of space station this year"
7285:
6858:
6790:
6785:
6700:
6655:
6650:
6549:
military program, ° Never inhabited, lacks docking mechanism.
6546:
6305:
6027:
3183:
1834:
1807:
List of human spaceflights to the International Space Station
1694:
1360:
1206:
1069:
897:
646:(USOS). The first module of the International Space Station,
539:
486:
457:
9969:
R-7 (including Semyorka, Molniya, Vostok, Voskhod and Soyuz)
1713:
crew, space stations have been operated consecutively since
473:(1973–1974), the first U.S. space station and second overall
6911:
6795:
6660:
5828:
5445:
5222:
4480:"CRS-21 Dragon completes mission with splashdown off Tampa"
4306:"Orbital's Antares launches Cygnus on debut mission to ISS"
3897:
3813:"All about BEAM, the space station's new inflatable module"
3054:
2735:"International partners in no rush regarding future of ISS"
2125:, a free flying experimental platform which flew from April
1388:
1365:
1211:
924:
902:
871:
253:
5484:
Center, NASA's Marshall Space Flight (15 September 2021).
5200:"20 Breakthroughs from 20 Years of Science aboard the ISS"
4052:
3950:"Basics of Space Flight Section II. Space Flight Projects"
2397:"Strange Forgotten Space Station Concepts That Never Flew"
9240:
6640:
6070:
5434:
5383:
4503:
Jenniskens, Peter; published, Jason Hatton (2008-09-25).
4225:
2018 AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference
3551:(Press release). Long Beach, California: Vast Space LLC.
1991:
1790:
1730:
1726:
1502:
600:
590:
580:
499:
137:
5752:
Architecture for Astronauts – An Activity based Approach
2249:
1811:
Uncrewed spaceflights to the International Space Station
481:
developed and launched the world's first space station,
158:(TSS), which have been occupied since October 2000 with
128:. Consecutively space stations have been operated since
4281:"Orel, the russian capsule that will replace the Soyuz"
3788:"BEAM installed on ISS following CRS-8 Dragon handover"
3259:"Prime Minister reviews readiness of Gaganyaan Mission"
5486:"Marshall contributes to key Space Station experiment"
4803:"China's unmanned Shenzhou 8 capsule returns to Earth"
4505:"The Spectacular Breakup of ATV: One Final Experiment"
3383:"India planning to have own space station: ISRO chief"
2097:
Scientific research on the International Space Station
421:
were the first spacecrafts that docked automatically.
5369:
2507:
Salyut – The First Space Station: Triumph and Tragedy
377:, as two different possible program goals, until the
116:
Space stations have been hosting the only continuous
5770:
Salyut: the first space station: triumph and tragedy
5684:"The Space Station From Concept to Evolving Reality"
4216:
4087:"March 22, 1995: Longest Human Space Adventure Ends"
2945:"China has deorbited its experimental space station"
1603:
Electrical system of the International Space Station
8971:
5438:
International Space Station Experiments (Misse 1–7)
4502:
2280:– was the first fictional space station or habitat.
598:Unlike previous stations, the Soviet space station
227:about two decades apart in the early 20th century.
5941:
5328:
5224:
4555:"Japan Launches Space Cargo Ship on Maiden Flight"
4218:
2972:"China launches first module of new space station"
2619:
5654:Science Fact and Science Fiction: An Encyclopedia
5326:
1819:has been supported by many different spacecraft.
773:was launched in September 2016, while a plan for
672:In contrast, the main US modules launched on the
124:(1971), hosting the first crew, of the ill-fated
89:for extended periods of time. It therefore is an
10167:
5596:
5549:
5526:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 736–738.
4529:"Ariane 5 Launches Final ATV Mission to Station"
4454:"SpaceX's debut Cargo Dragon 2 docks to Station"
3549:"VAST Announces the Haven-1 and VAST-1 Missions"
2144:Materials International Space Station Experiment
1800:
1663:Amateur Radio on the International Space Station
1505:– first modular space station assembled in orbit
1427:Manufacturing of the International Space Station
702:in a manner similar to Russia's proposed OPSEK.
337:
6600:
4652:
2837:
1235:announced in 2019 that India will not join the
666:Orbital Piloted Assembly and Experiment Complex
638:The ISS is divided into two main sections, the
44:
9709:Timeline of first Earth observation satellites
5375:
5050:Compton, W. D.; Benson, C. D. (January 1983).
5025:Compton, W. D.; Benson, C. D. (January 1983).
4828:"China launches Shenzhou-11 crewed spacecraft"
4010:"Are there military space stations out there?"
2657:Center for the Advancement of Science in Space
615:
8957:
8319:
6761:
6572:
6226:Orbital Technologies Commercial Space Station
5927:
5049:
5024:
4977:"When Atlantis Met MIR 25 Years Since STS-71"
3287:"India plans to launch space station by 2030"
2989:January 2021, Mike Wall 07 (7 January 2021).
2917:"China's Tiangong 1 Space Station to Burn Up"
2469:
2230:makes up a small portion of money to run it.
2109:days and included 35 scientific experiments.
1764:
1629:Environmental Control and Life Support System
1472:2016 after being delivered to the ISS on the
822:List of space stations § Planned and proposed
735:was launched in September 2011. The uncrewed
676:and were attached to the ISS by crews during
268:: electric cable to an external observatory.
10145:Timeline of first images of Earth from space
5428:
5076:"The USSR launches first space station crew"
3858:
3329:"India eying an indigenous station in space"
2988:
2880:
2852:
2767:. National Academies Press. pp. 28–30.
1686:The last military-use space station was the
1405:due to lower costs and greater flexibility.
417:the first ever space docking, while in 1967
5677:
4380:"Progress MS – Spacecraft & Satellites"
3514:
3013:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2781:
1697:program and orbited between 1976 and 1977.
806:
447:
8964:
8950:
8326:
8312:
6579:
6565:
5934:
5920:
5903:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
5850:"Giant Doughnut Purposed as Space Station"
5643:
3737:"State space corporation ROSCOSMOS |"
2541:
2539:
1932:is supported by the following spacecraft:
1835:New Space-Station Resupply Vehicle (HTV-X)
1775:Comparison of space station cargo vehicles
1511:– modular space station assembled in orbit
144:(ISS), with its first occupation in 2000.
5792:
5765:
5453:
4726:
4405:"Spaceflight mission report: Soyuz TM-32"
3710:
2914:
2503:
1917:
1499:– launched in a single launch in May 1973
8098:Interstellar and circumstellar molecules
5797:. Paris: European Space Agency SP-1137.
5657:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 35–37.
5511:
5271:
4946:
4944:
4477:
4172:"First Dream Chaser vehicle takes shape"
4033:
3973:Brown, Michael J. I. (5 December 2017).
3760:
2908:
2617:
2499:
2497:
2267:
1742:duration record for a single spaceflight
1655:Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System
1000:Russia's next generation space station.
722:
625:
584:
465:
423:
229:
132:(1973) and occupied since 1987 with the
62:The image above contains clickable links
40:
8294:) may be read as "within" or "part of".
7322:Planetary orbit-crossing minor planets
5725:
4580:"HTV-9 arrives at ISS on final mission"
4120:
3713:"Looking back at the Mir space station"
3482:"Russia unveils space plan beyond 2030"
3453:
3184:"Starlab - A New-Era Space Destination"
2843:
2584:
2545:
2536:
2390:
2388:
2157:Effect of spaceflight on the human body
2064:
1528:Effect of spaceflight on the human body
1493:– first space station, launched in 1971
14:
10168:
6495:Space stations and habitats in fiction
6490:List of films featuring space stations
6413:Japanese Space Station Module (Mitsui)
5766:Ivanovich, Grujica S. (July 7, 2008).
5483:
5197:
5104:"Utilisation of the MIR Space Station"
5098:
4953:"Why Mir Mattered More Than You Think"
4877:"NASA – NSSDCA – Spacecraft – Details"
4853:"NASA – NSSDCA – Spacecraft – Details"
4776:
4627:
4577:
4427:
4116:
4114:
4036:"Pentagon Eyes Military Space Station"
3785:
3680:"Mir, the first modular space station"
3476:
3131:
2942:
2684:"Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering"
2421:
2419:
2262:Space stations and habitats in fiction
2238:
1354:Japanese Space Station Module (Mitsui)
688:will be docked to the forward port of
8945:
8307:
6560:
5915:
5868:
5154:
4941:
4552:
4121:Magazine, Smithsonian; Zak, Anatoly.
3972:
3864:
3839:
3810:
3606:
3573:
3420:
3188:Starlab - A New-Era Space Destination
3076:
2915:Dickinson, David (10 November 2017).
2886:
2858:
2787:
2760:
2732:
2644:
2494:
2250:International cooperation and economy
2116:
2077:International Docking System Standard
1949:
1677:Optical Payload for Lasercomm Science
959:International Space Station programme
752:China Manned Space Engineering Office
397:paved the way and achieved the first
344:Space rendezvous § First docking
9526:Spaceflight-related human fatalities
8431:Association of Autonomous Astronauts
4751:
4084:
3922:
3515:Etherington, Darrell (10 May 2023).
2394:
2385:
1986:List of uncrewed spaceflights to Mir
1964:relied on the following spacecraft.
1457:, with layers of insulation such as
1415:
5623:The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction
5576:The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction
5278:Meteoritics & Planetary Science
4950:
4111:
3998:Russian Space Stations (wikisource)
3894:"Space Settlements: A Design Study"
3645:from the original on 2 August 2024.
3588:from the original on 23 August 2024
3529:from the original on 1 October 2023
3401:"India's Space Exploration Roadmap"
3275:from the original on 5 August 2024.
2761:Kelly, Thomas; et al. (2000).
2706:
2439:
2416:
2308:
2283:The concepts of space stations and
2042:
1461:as a ballistics shield protection.
814:
705:
428:Gemini 8 docking with Agena vehicle
24:
10078:Communications satellite companies
6596:
5862:
5473:from the original on 12 June 2024.
4430:"Soyuz MS-01 trio return to Earth"
3865:Chang, Kenneth (27 January 2014).
3677:
3621:from the original on 13 July 2024.
3555:from the original on 1 August 2024
2844:Barbosa, Rui (29 September 2011).
2709:"Russia 'to save its ISS modules'"
2578:
2254:
2071:Docking and berthing of spacecraft
1466:Bigelow Expandable Activity Module
1433:Bigelow Expandable Activity Module
1410:attitude determination and control
1217:Indian Human Spaceflight Programme
57:
34:. For stations named "Space", see
25:
10207:
10123:First orbital launches by country
8441:Commercial Spaceflight Federation
8333:
5979:International Space Station (ISS)
5963:List of commercial space stations
5813:
5688:Interdisciplinary Science Reviews
5416:from the original on 14 June 2023
4680:
4195:
3711:Williams, Matt; Today, Universe.
3667:from the original on 27 May 2024.
3027:
2733:Foust, Jeff (25 September 2017).
2652:"History and Timeline of the ISS"
2369:
2150:
2138:Mir Environmental Effects Payload
2036:Apollo command and service module
1982:List of human spaceflights to Mir
1648:
384:Apollo command and service module
206:
10150:Timeline of longest spaceflights
8526:
8185:
8173:
8161:
6586:
6181:Bigelow Commercial Space Station
5992:
5671:
5477:
5320:
5265:
5216:
5191:
5148:
5092:
5068:
5043:
5018:
4994:
4969:
4727:Davenport, Justin (2021-06-16).
4628:Howell, Elizabeth (2021-07-09).
4123:"The Strange Trip of Soyuz T-15"
4034:Hitchens, Theresa (2019-07-02).
3435:from the original on 21 May 2024
3421:Singh, Surendra (13 June 2019).
3132:Jewett, Rachel (2 August 2023).
3077:Foust, Jeff (13 December 2023).
2788:Foust, Jeff (13 December 2023).
2260:This section is an excerpt from
2182:
1891:Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV)
1359:
1324:
1288:
1255:
1205:
1166:
1155:
1116:
1068:
1057:
1046:
1035:
1024:
989:
946:
896:
885:
875:
865:
820:This section is an excerpt from
766:, on 2 April 2018 at 00:15 UTC.
731:China's first space laboratory,
10155:Timeline of private spaceflight
9829:Super heavy-lift launch vehicle
9689:Communications satellite firsts
8061:Gravitationally rounded objects
6341:Russian Orbital Service Station
5875:. Sparkford, Yeovil, Somerset.
5754:. Springer Praxis Books, 2011,
5718:
5155:Witze, Alexandra (2020-11-03).
4917:
4893:
4869:
4845:
4820:
4795:
4770:
4745:
4720:
4695:
4674:
4646:
4621:
4596:
4571:
4546:
4521:
4496:
4471:
4446:
4421:
4397:
4372:
4348:
4323:
4298:
4273:
4249:
4210:
4189:
4164:
4139:
4078:
4027:
4002:
3991:
3966:
3942:
3916:
3886:
3833:
3804:
3779:
3754:
3729:
3704:
3671:
3470:
3393:
3375:
3321:
3307:
3279:
3224:
3200:
3176:
3151:
3125:
3101:
3042:
3021:
2982:
2964:
2943:Liptak, Andrew (20 July 2019).
2936:
2887:Chang, Kenneth (1 April 2018).
2812:
2754:
2726:
2700:
2676:
2512:Springer Science+Business Media
2395:Mann, Adam (January 25, 2012).
2123:Long Duration Exposure Facility
1693:, which was launched under the
1622:
1521:
1484:
1399:
983:Russian Orbital Service Station
5272:Zolensky, Michael (May 2021).
4981:Coca-Cola Space Science Center
4777:Graham, William (2021-05-29).
4578:Graham, William (2020-05-25).
4478:Gebhardt, Chris (2021-01-11).
3925:"Preventing "Sick" Spaceships"
3761:Gebhardt, Chris (2016-05-11).
2628:British Interplanetary Society
2611:
2504:Ivanovich, Grujica S. (2008).
2453:. July 9, 1945. Archived from
2363:
2209:may become relatively common.
2085:
1540:and relatively high levels of
1468:, which was installed in April
801:
792:
694:, requiring relocation of the
409:in 1965. Subsequently in 1966
176:Space stations are most often
120:. The first space station was
27:Habitable artificial satellite
13:
1:
10090:Private spaceflight companies
9033:Rocket and missile technology
5512:McKinney, Richard L. (2005).
2435:. September 1989. p. 20.
2356:
1759:
1700:
1536:, and long-term ones such as
755:
338:First advances and precursors
9704:Earth observation satellites
9559:Cumulative spacewalk records
6408:Bharatiya Antariksha Station
6196:Exploration Gateway Platform
5984:Tiangong space station (TSS)
5734:University of Nebraska Press
5251:10.1016/0273-1177(94)90444-8
4428:Bergin, Chris (2016-10-30).
3786:Bergin, Chris (2016-04-16).
3574:Foust, Jeff (28 June 2023).
3456:"Lunar Orbital Station, LOS"
2707:Zak, Anatoly (22 May 2009).
2622:The History of Mir 1986–2000
2554:University of Nebraska Press
2002:Progress (multiple variants)
1865:Progress (multiple variants)
1781:Commercial Resupply Services
1420:
1387:Japan's spaceflight agency,
1200:Bharatiya Antariksha Station
522:, which was launched by the
518:The first space station was
326:rotating wheel space station
308:. Conceptualized during the
101:, but they have also served
7:
10128:First satellites by country
8662:Space elevator competitions
8156:Outline of the Solar System
7919:Interplanetary medium/space
5793:Neri Vela, Rodolfo (1990).
5106:. In Guyenne, T. D. (ed.).
4951:Zak, Anatoly (2016-02-19).
4553:Malik, Tariq (2009-09-10).
3867:"Beings Not Made for Space"
3811:Davis, Jason (2016-04-05).
3607:Foust, Jeff (9 July 2024).
2329:
2224:International Space Station
2195:International Space Station
2090:
1897:H-II Transfer Vehicle (HTV)
1817:International Space Station
1801:International Space Station
1681:
1643:solid fuel oxygen generator
1509:International Space Station
1237:International Space Station
849:Planned Pressurized Volume
632:International Space Station
622:International Space Station
616:International Space Station
302:The Problem of Space Travel
244:The Problem of Space Travel
142:International Space Station
118:presence of humans in space
10:
10212:
9819:Medium-lift launch vehicle
9620:Objects at Lagrange points
8604:Commercialization of space
7872:Extraterrestrial materials
6211:Manned Orbiting Laboratory
5347:10.1088/0954-0083/12/1/306
5231:Advances in Space Research
5198:Guzman, Ana (2020-10-26).
5169:10.1038/d41586-020-03085-8
3840:Foust, Jeff (2022-01-21).
2585:Portree, D. S. F. (1995).
2318:
2312:
2259:
2242:
2212:
2186:
2175:
2164:
2154:
2094:
2074:
2068:
2046:
2027:
1979:
1953:
1921:
1804:
1778:
1768:
1765:Resupply and crew vehicles
1666:
1652:
1626:
1600:
1597:Solar panels on spacecraft
1594:
1525:
1430:
1424:
819:
769:A second space laboratory
712:
619:
578:
493:were eventually joined by
451:
341:
324:published a concept for a
199:
195:
29:
10113:
10068:
10052:
9837:
9824:Heavy-lift launch vehicle
9814:Small-lift launch vehicle
9757:
9677:
9603:Landings on other planets
9581:
9534:
9406:
9378:
9350:
9290:
9238:
9195:
9050:
9041:
8993:
8980:
8908:
8888:
8872:
8791:
8782:
8677:
8670:
8637:
8596:
8535:
8524:
8464:
8451:Space Frontier Foundation
8396:Sierra Nevada Corporation
8376:Mojave Aerospace Ventures
8348:
8341:
8192:Earth sciences portal
8151:
8106:
8043:
7914:Interplanetary dust cloud
7793:
7629:
7559:
7270:
7206:
6899:
6752:
6594:
6543:
6482:
6431:
6400:
6380:
6349:
6333:
6326:
6261:
6206:Industrial Space Facility
6168:
6161:
6129:
6101:
6080:
6008:
6001:
5990:
5971:
5953:
5700:10.1179/isr.1987.12.2.143
5448:(published August 2009).
5335:High Performance Polymers
4752:Wall, Mike (2021-05-29).
3678:As, Ganesh (2020-03-13).
2427:"The First Space Station"
2245:NASA spinoff technologies
2233:
2171:
2081:Chinese Docking Mechanism
2058:Soyuz (multiple variants)
2023:
2011:Soyuz (multiple variants)
1874:Soyuz (multiple variants)
1827:Sierra Nevada Corporation
1771:List of crewed spacecraft
1587:lineage, remain elusive.
1352:
1316:
1281:
1247:
1198:
1148:
1111:
1017:
981:
939:
856:
851:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
419:Kosmos 186 and Kosmos 188
162:and since June 2022 with
10105:Spacecraft manufacturers
9640:leaving the Solar System
8436:Astronaute Club Européen
8205:Local Interstellar Cloud
6917:other near-Earth objects
5829:Russian News Agency TASS
5680:Ordway, Frederick I. III
3490:China Central Television
3361:Press Information Bureau
3264:Press Information Bureau
3050:"NASA's Gateway Program"
2477:"Project Olympus (1962)"
1975:
1590:
650:, was launched in 1998.
448:Salyut, Almaz and Skylab
9519:timeline by nationality
8985:Timeline of spaceflight
8168:Solar System portal
7894:Giant-impact hypothesis
7501:Trans-Neptunian objects
5678:Fries, Sylvia Doughty;
5290:2021M&PS...56..900Z
5080:www.russianspaceweb.com
4360:www.russianspaceweb.com
3923:Bell, Trudy E. (2007).
3334:The Hindu Business Line
3269:Prime Minister's Office
3165:(in French). 2023-08-02
2587:"Mir Hardware Heritage"
2552:. Clayton C. Anderson.
1744:is 437.75 days, set by
1709:(1971), and its tragic
1669:Interplanetary Internet
1560:, and elevated risk of
1517:– Chinese space station
640:Russian Orbital Segment
234:First description of a
10138:Constellation missions
9765:Orbital launch systems
9657:Timeline of satellites
9598:Interplanetary voyages
8446:Copenhagen Suborbitals
8056:Possible dwarf planets
7899:Gravitational collapse
7837:Circumstellar envelope
6636:
5958:List of space stations
5649:"Artificial satellite"
3900:. 1975. Archived from
2859:Staff (1 April 2018).
2848:. NASASpaceflight.com.
2618:Hall, R., ed. (2000).
2592:. NASA. Archived from
2351:List of space stations
2281:
2276:" – an 1869 serial by
1930:Tiangong space station
1924:Tiangong space station
1918:Tiangong space station
1515:Tiangong space station
1075:Mitsubishi Corporation
728:
715:Tiangong space station
635:
595:
572:
545:The civilian stations
474:
429:
379:Kennedy administration
293:
236:rotating space station
221:Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
202:List of space stations
66:
63:
36:Space (disambiguation)
10053:Launches by spaceport
9662:Sample-return mission
9176:Civilian spaceflight
8916:Axiom Orbital Segment
8740:Christopher Sembroski
8647:America's Space Prize
8629:Suborbital spaceplane
8456:Space Tourism Society
8411:The Spaceship Company
8265:Laniakea Supercluster
7882:Sample-return mission
6635:
6418:Lunar Orbital Station
5869:Baker, David (2015).
5750:Haeuplik-Meusburger:
5726:Chladek, Jay (2017).
4356:"Progress cargo ship"
4064:Canadian Space Agency
3821:The Planetary Society
3663:. 14 September 2023.
2546:Chladek, Jay (2017).
2271:
2222:. In the case of the
2189:Orbital space tourism
2167:ISS year-long mission
1641:can be supplied by a
1633:Vika oxygen generator
1441:, internal pressure,
1249:Lunar Orbital Station
933:human mission to Mars
920:≥125 m (4,400 cu ft)
726:
685:Axiom Orbital Segment
629:
588:
538:, were also known as
469:
427:
342:Further information:
233:
95:habitation facilities
61:
56:
9777:Sounding rocket list
9716:Geosynchronous orbit
9652:Missions to the Moon
9424:by year of selection
8657:Google Lunar X Prize
8508:Space Island Project
8506:Space Island Group (
8482:Golden Spike Company
8381:Orbital Technologies
8180:Astronomy portal
8081:Solar System objects
7827:Circumplanetary disk
4127:Smithsonian Magazine
2065:Docking and berthing
1607:Roll Out Solar Array
594:station seen in 1998
393:But before that the
316:" was a theoretical
91:artificial satellite
10114:Other mission lists
10095:Rocket launch sites
10069:Agencies, companies
9365:Crewed Spaceflights
9023:Spaceflight records
8975:lists and timelines
8921:Tourism on the Moon
8472:Armadillo Aerospace
8279:Observable universe
8076:Solar System models
8006:Protoplanetary disk
7929:Interstellar medium
7889:Frost/Ice/Snow line
6169:Individual projects
5490:The Redstone Rocket
5392:1999ESASP.433..653N
5243:1994AdSpR..14j...7K
5118:1996ESASP.385.....G
4881:nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov
4857:nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov
4783:NASASpaceFlight.com
4733:NASASpaceFlight.com
4584:NASASpaceFlight.com
4484:NASASpaceFlight.com
4458:NASASpaceFlight.com
4434:NASASpaceFlight.com
4335:NASASpaceFlight.com
4310:NASASpaceFlight.com
4233:10.2514/6.2018-1926
3792:NASASpaceFlight.com
3767:NASASpaceFlight.com
3458:. Russian Space Web
3271:. 17 October 2023.
2922:Sky & Telescope
2664:on 25 February 2018
2599:on 7 September 2009
2346:Shuttle–Mir program
2298:Edward Everett Hale
2278:Edward Everett Hale
2239:Technology spinoffs
2105:95 which lasted 179
1581:radiation shielding
1579:, the inclusion of
272:: condenser pipes.
213:Edward Everett Hale
32:space radio station
10186:1971 introductions
10014:Thor DM-21 Agena-B
10004:Thor DM-18 Agena-A
9917:Falcon 9 and Heavy
9613:artificial objects
9564:Longest spacewalks
9127:Vostok and Voskhod
8639:Space competitions
8609:Space colonization
8259:Virgo Supercluster
8240:Milky Way subgroup
8071:Natural satellites
7954:Nebular hypothesis
7934:Interstellar space
7924:Interstellar cloud
7832:Circumstellar disc
7422:Near-Earth objects
7306:names and meanings
6637:
6536:(2016 documentary)
6533:A Beautiful Planet
6528:(2009 documentary)
6520:(2008 documentary)
6512:(2002 documentary)
6504:(1997 documentary)
6449:McKendree cylinder
6262:Incorporated into
6186:Deep Space Habitat
5841:The star named ISS
5774:. Praxis. p.
5466:. TM-2008-215482.
5298:10.1111/maps.13656
4929:spaceflightnow.com
4905:spaceflightnow.com
4085:Madrigal, Alexis.
3428:The Times of India
3387:The Economic Times
2894:The New York Times
2447:"Science: Sun Gun"
2282:
2129:1984 until January
2117:Materials research
1615:generally rely on
1577:rotating structure
1573:artificial gravity
1558:eyesight disorders
1550:bone deterioration
1542:ionizing radiation
1185:second half 2020s
729:
644:US Orbital Segment
636:
596:
475:
430:
361:its early planning
306:artificial gravity
294:
109:, such as hosting
67:
64:
10196:Soviet inventions
10163:
10162:
9577:
9576:
9058:Crewed spacecraft
9043:Human spaceflight
9001:Space exploration
8939:
8938:
8904:
8903:
8829:Blue Origin NS-22
8824:Blue Origin NS-21
8819:Blue Origin NS-20
8814:Blue Origin NS-19
8809:Blue Origin NS-18
8804:Blue Origin NS-16
8778:
8777:
8690:Mark Shuttleworth
8522:
8521:
8361:Bigelow Aerospace
8301:
8300:
8146:
8145:
8142:
8141:
8119:Lagrangian points
8091:by discovery date
7689:Human spaceflight
7660:historical models
7553:
7552:
7172:S/2015 (136472) 1
6554:
6553:
6517:Orphans of Apollo
6396:
6395:
6322:
6321:
6157:
6156:
5882:978-0-85733-839-6
5843:– on Roscosmos TV
5804:978-92-9092-124-0
5785:978-0-387-73585-6
5760:978-3-7091-0666-2
5743:978-0-8032-2292-2
5664:978-0-415-97460-8
5645:Stableford, Brian
5533:978-0-313-32952-4
5102:(December 1996).
4957:Popular Mechanics
4409:www.spacefacts.de
4261:realnoevremya.com
4242:978-1-62410-528-9
4153:. 15 January 2016
4060:"Mission STS-127"
3954:www2.jpl.nasa.gov
3817:www.planetary.org
3659:(Press release).
3496:on 6 October 2014
3480:(28 April 2012).
3267:(Press release).
3212:www.gravitics.com
2774:978-0-309-06938-0
2637:978-0-9506597-4-9
2563:978-0-8032-2292-2
2521:978-0-387-73973-1
1619:to obtain power.
1554:balance disorders
1453:and high-quality
1416:Orbit and purpose
1395:
1394:
1098:While originally
809:
750:According to the
388:docking maneuvers
322:Wernher von Braun
99:research stations
16:(Redirected from
10203:
9495:Space travelers
9491:Space scientists
9479:African American
9048:
9047:
8966:
8959:
8952:
8943:
8942:
8789:
8788:
8735:Hayley Arceneaux
8710:Richard Garriott
8675:
8674:
8619:Space settlement
8530:
8502:RocketShip Tours
8401:Space Adventures
8346:
8345:
8328:
8321:
8314:
8305:
8304:
8295:
8293:
8284:
8277:
8270:
8263:
8257:
8251:
8245:
8238:
8231:
8224:
8217:
8210:
8203:
8190:
8189:
8188:
8178:
8177:
8176:
8166:
8165:
8164:
7867:Exozodiacal dust
7557:
7556:
7523:Detached objects
6759:
6758:
6755:
6754:
6599:
6581:
6574:
6567:
6558:
6557:
6509:Space Station 3D
6464:Space settlement
6454:O'Neill cylinder
6331:
6330:
6166:
6165:
6109:Tiangong program
6006:
6005:
5996:
5936:
5929:
5922:
5913:
5912:
5908:
5902:
5894:
5846:
5837:
5808:
5789:
5773:
5747:
5712:
5711:
5675:
5669:
5668:
5641:
5635:
5634:
5632:
5631:
5606:"Space Habitats"
5594:
5588:
5587:
5585:
5584:
5559:"Space Stations"
5547:
5538:
5537:
5514:"Space Habitats"
5509:
5500:
5499:
5497:
5496:
5481:
5475:
5474:
5472:
5457:
5455:2060/20090005995
5443:
5432:
5426:
5425:
5423:
5421:
5373:
5367:
5366:
5332:
5324:
5318:
5317:
5269:
5263:
5262:
5228:
5220:
5214:
5213:
5211:
5210:
5195:
5189:
5188:
5152:
5146:
5145:
5143:
5142:
5096:
5090:
5089:
5087:
5086:
5072:
5066:
5065:
5063:
5062:
5056:history.nasa.gov
5047:
5041:
5040:
5038:
5037:
5031:history.nasa.gov
5022:
5016:
5015:
5013:
5012:
4998:
4992:
4991:
4989:
4988:
4973:
4967:
4966:
4964:
4963:
4948:
4939:
4938:
4936:
4935:
4921:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4911:
4897:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4887:
4873:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4863:
4849:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4839:
4824:
4818:
4817:
4815:
4814:
4799:
4793:
4792:
4790:
4789:
4774:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4764:
4749:
4743:
4742:
4740:
4739:
4724:
4718:
4717:
4715:
4714:
4699:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4689:
4681:Clark, Stephen.
4678:
4672:
4671:
4669:
4668:
4650:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4640:
4625:
4619:
4618:
4616:
4615:
4600:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4590:
4575:
4569:
4568:
4566:
4565:
4550:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4540:
4525:
4519:
4518:
4516:
4515:
4500:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4490:
4475:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4465:
4450:
4444:
4443:
4441:
4440:
4425:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4415:
4401:
4395:
4394:
4392:
4391:
4382:. Archived from
4376:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4366:
4352:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4342:
4327:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4317:
4302:
4296:
4295:
4293:
4292:
4277:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4267:
4253:
4247:
4246:
4222:
4214:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4204:
4196:Clark, Stephen.
4193:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4183:
4168:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4158:
4143:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4133:
4118:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4105:
4082:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4071:
4056:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4040:Breaking Defense
4031:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4021:
4006:
4000:
3995:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3985:
3979:The Conversation
3970:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3960:
3946:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3936:
3927:. Archived from
3920:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3909:
3890:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3879:
3862:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3837:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3827:
3808:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3783:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3773:
3758:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3739:. Archived from
3733:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3723:
3708:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3675:
3669:
3668:
3653:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3637:
3629:
3623:
3622:
3604:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3593:
3571:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3545:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3534:
3512:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3492:. Archived from
3474:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3405:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3379:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3368:
3353:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3342:
3325:
3319:
3318:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3283:
3277:
3276:
3255:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3236:
3228:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3204:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3093:
3091:
3074:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3028:Clark, Stephen.
3025:
3019:
3018:
3012:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2986:
2980:
2979:
2978:. 29 April 2021.
2968:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2802:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2688:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2660:. Archived from
2648:
2642:
2641:
2625:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2598:
2591:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2543:
2534:
2533:
2501:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2443:
2437:
2436:
2423:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2392:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2370:Clark, Stephen.
2367:
2315:Space settlement
2309:Space settlement
2293:generation ships
2132:
2128:
2108:
2104:
2049:Salyut programme
2043:Salyut programme
1969:Shenzhou program
1962:Tiangong program
1956:Tiangong program
1950:Tiangong program
1853:Northrop Grumman
1480:
1477:designed for a 2
1471:
1370:Mitsui & Co.
1364:
1363:
1329:
1328:
1293:
1292:
1260:
1259:
1210:
1209:
1171:
1170:
1160:
1159:
1121:
1120:
1073:
1072:
1062:
1061:
1051:
1050:
1040:
1039:
1029:
1028:
994:
993:
973:(~23,548 cu ft)
951:
950:
901:
900:
890:
889:
879:
870:
869:
861:
831:
830:
815:Planned projects
810:
807:
803:
794:
719:Tiangong program
432:In January 1969
401:(undocked) with
399:space rendezvous
331:Collier's Weekly
310:Second World War
290:Verdampfungsrohr
270:Kondensatorrohre
240:Hermann Noordung
60:
43:
21:
10211:
10210:
10206:
10205:
10204:
10202:
10201:
10200:
10166:
10165:
10164:
10159:
10115:
10109:
10070:
10064:
10048:
9999:Thor DM-18 Able
9907:Delta IV Medium
9839:
9833:
9809:Sounding rocket
9753:
9680:
9673:
9584:
9573:
9530:
9504:by first flight
9402:
9374:
9346:
9286:
9234:
9191:
9037:
8989:
8976:
8970:
8940:
8935:
8926:Tourism on Mars
8900:
8884:
8868:
8784:
8774:
8705:Charles Simonyi
8700:Anousheh Ansari
8666:
8633:
8597:Living in space
8592:
8531:
8518:
8460:
8416:Virgin Galactic
8337:
8332:
8302:
8297:
8291:
8289:
8288:
8282:
8275:
8268:
8261:
8255:
8249:
8243:
8236:
8229:
8222:
8215:
8208:
8201:
8186:
8184:
8174:
8172:
8162:
8160:
8147:
8138:
8102:
8039:
8023:vs. Hill sphere
7949:Molecular cloud
7877:Sample curation
7857:Detached object
7796:
7789:
7633:
7625:
7562:
7549:
7494:Neptune trojans
7277:
7275:
7273:
7266:
7202:
6895:
6766:
6748:
6634:
6597:
6590:
6585:
6555:
6550:
6539:
6478:
6427:
6423:Voyager Station
6392:
6376:
6345:
6318:
6257:
6191:Excalibur Almaz
6153:
6125:
6097:
6076:
6010:
5997:
5988:
5967:
5949:
5940:
5896:
5895:
5883:
5865:
5863:Further reading
5855:Popular Science
5844:
5835:
5816:
5811:
5805:
5786:
5744:
5721:
5716:
5715:
5676:
5672:
5665:
5642:
5638:
5629:
5627:
5618:Sleight, Graham
5614:Langford, David
5602:Langford, David
5598:Nicholls, Peter
5595:
5591:
5582:
5580:
5571:Sleight, Graham
5567:Langford, David
5555:Langford, David
5551:Nicholls, Peter
5548:
5541:
5534:
5510:
5503:
5494:
5492:
5482:
5478:
5470:
5441:
5433:
5429:
5419:
5417:
5402:
5374:
5370:
5325:
5321:
5270:
5266:
5221:
5217:
5208:
5206:
5196:
5192:
5153:
5149:
5140:
5138:
5128:
5097:
5093:
5084:
5082:
5074:
5073:
5069:
5060:
5058:
5048:
5044:
5035:
5033:
5023:
5019:
5010:
5008:
5000:
4999:
4995:
4986:
4984:
4975:
4974:
4970:
4961:
4959:
4949:
4942:
4933:
4931:
4923:
4922:
4918:
4909:
4907:
4899:
4898:
4894:
4885:
4883:
4875:
4874:
4870:
4861:
4859:
4851:
4850:
4846:
4837:
4835:
4826:
4825:
4821:
4812:
4810:
4801:
4800:
4796:
4787:
4785:
4775:
4771:
4762:
4760:
4750:
4746:
4737:
4735:
4725:
4721:
4712:
4710:
4701:
4700:
4696:
4687:
4685:
4679:
4675:
4666:
4664:
4654:Clara Moskowitz
4651:
4647:
4638:
4636:
4626:
4622:
4613:
4611:
4602:
4601:
4597:
4588:
4586:
4576:
4572:
4563:
4561:
4551:
4547:
4538:
4536:
4527:
4526:
4522:
4513:
4511:
4501:
4497:
4488:
4486:
4476:
4472:
4463:
4461:
4452:
4451:
4447:
4438:
4436:
4426:
4422:
4413:
4411:
4403:
4402:
4398:
4389:
4387:
4378:
4377:
4373:
4364:
4362:
4354:
4353:
4349:
4340:
4338:
4329:
4328:
4324:
4315:
4313:
4304:
4303:
4299:
4290:
4288:
4279:
4278:
4274:
4265:
4263:
4255:
4254:
4250:
4243:
4215:
4211:
4202:
4200:
4194:
4190:
4181:
4179:
4170:
4169:
4165:
4156:
4154:
4145:
4144:
4140:
4131:
4129:
4119:
4112:
4103:
4101:
4083:
4079:
4069:
4067:
4058:
4057:
4053:
4044:
4042:
4032:
4028:
4019:
4017:
4008:
4007:
4003:
3996:
3992:
3983:
3981:
3971:
3967:
3958:
3956:
3948:
3947:
3943:
3934:
3932:
3921:
3917:
3907:
3905:
3892:
3891:
3887:
3877:
3875:
3863:
3859:
3850:
3848:
3838:
3834:
3825:
3823:
3809:
3805:
3796:
3794:
3784:
3780:
3771:
3769:
3759:
3755:
3746:
3744:
3735:
3734:
3730:
3721:
3719:
3709:
3705:
3696:
3694:
3676:
3672:
3655:
3654:
3650:
3642:
3635:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3605:
3601:
3591:
3589:
3572:
3568:
3558:
3556:
3547:
3546:
3542:
3532:
3530:
3513:
3509:
3499:
3497:
3486:english.cntv.cn
3475:
3471:
3461:
3459:
3452:
3448:
3438:
3436:
3419:
3415:
3403:
3399:
3398:
3394:
3381:
3380:
3376:
3366:
3364:
3355:
3354:
3350:
3340:
3338:
3337:. June 13, 2019
3327:
3326:
3322:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3298:
3296:
3295:. June 16, 2019
3285:
3284:
3280:
3257:
3256:
3249:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3230:
3229:
3225:
3216:
3214:
3206:
3205:
3201:
3192:
3190:
3182:
3181:
3177:
3168:
3166:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3142:
3140:
3130:
3126:
3117:
3115:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3089:
3087:
3075:
3071:
3061:
3059:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3034:
3032:
3026:
3022:
3006:
3005:
2999:
2997:
2987:
2983:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2955:
2953:
2941:
2937:
2927:
2925:
2913:
2909:
2899:
2897:
2885:
2881:
2871:
2869:
2857:
2853:
2842:
2838:
2829:
2827:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2800:
2798:
2786:
2782:
2775:
2759:
2755:
2745:
2743:
2731:
2727:
2717:
2715:
2705:
2701:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2667:
2665:
2650:
2649:
2645:
2638:
2616:
2612:
2602:
2600:
2596:
2589:
2583:
2579:
2564:
2544:
2537:
2522:
2502:
2495:
2486:
2484:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2460:
2458:
2457:on May 21, 2013
2445:
2444:
2440:
2425:
2424:
2417:
2407:
2405:
2393:
2386:
2376:
2374:
2368:
2364:
2359:
2332:
2327:
2317:
2311:
2306:
2305:
2289:science fiction
2265:
2257:
2255:Cultural impact
2252:
2247:
2241:
2236:
2215:
2191:
2185:
2180:
2174:
2169:
2163:
2161:Bioastronautics
2155:Main articles:
2153:
2130:
2126:
2119:
2106:
2102:
2099:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2073:
2067:
2051:
2045:
2032:
2026:
1988:
1980:Main articles:
1978:
1958:
1952:
1926:
1920:
1909:SpaceX Dragon 1
1880:SpaceX Dragon 2
1813:
1805:Main articles:
1803:
1783:
1777:
1769:Main articles:
1767:
1762:
1746:Valeri Polyakov
1703:
1684:
1679:
1665:
1653:Main articles:
1651:
1635:
1627:Main articles:
1625:
1609:
1599:
1593:
1530:
1524:
1487:
1478:
1469:
1455:aluminum alloys
1447:stainless steel
1443:micrometeoroids
1439:space radiation
1435:
1429:
1423:
1418:
1402:
1397:
1396:
1379:
1358:
1340:
1323:
1304:
1287:
1270:
1254:
1251:
1223:
1204:
1190:(29,000 cu ft)
1182:
1165:
1164:
1154:
1140:(14,126 cu ft)
1132:
1115:
1100:Lockheed Martin
1092:(~15892 cu ft)
1084:
1067:
1066:
1056:
1055:
1045:
1044:
1034:
1033:
1023:
1005:
988:
985:
965:
955:
945:
929:Artemis program
914:
895:
894:
884:
883:
874:
864:
857:
825:
817:
762:, northwest of
758:over the South
721:
713:Main articles:
711:
624:
618:
583:
577:
464:
452:Main articles:
450:
374:Project Olympus
346:
340:
298:Herman Potočnik
292:: boiler pipe).
247:
209:
204:
198:
190:station keeping
107:commercial uses
75:orbital station
55:
41:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10209:
10199:
10198:
10193:
10191:Human habitats
10188:
10183:
10181:Space stations
10178:
10161:
10160:
10158:
10157:
10152:
10147:
10142:
10141:
10140:
10130:
10125:
10119:
10117:
10111:
10110:
10108:
10107:
10102:
10100:Space agencies
10097:
10092:
10087:
10086:
10085:
10074:
10072:
10071:and facilities
10066:
10065:
10063:
10062:
10056:
10054:
10050:
10049:
10047:
10046:
10041:
10036:
10031:
10026:
10021:
10016:
10011:
10006:
10001:
9996:
9991:
9989:Thor and Delta
9986:
9981:
9976:
9971:
9966:
9961:
9956:
9951:
9946:
9941:
9936:
9931:
9930:
9929:
9924:
9914:
9909:
9904:
9902:Delta IV Heavy
9899:
9894:
9889:
9884:
9879:
9874:
9869:
9864:
9859:
9854:
9849:
9843:
9841:
9840:by rocket type
9835:
9834:
9832:
9831:
9826:
9821:
9816:
9811:
9806:
9801:
9800:
9799:
9794:
9789:
9779:
9774:
9773:
9772:
9761:
9759:
9755:
9754:
9752:
9751:
9746:
9741:
9736:
9735:Magnetospheric
9733:
9728:
9723:
9718:
9713:
9712:
9711:
9701:
9696:
9691:
9685:
9683:
9679:Earth-orbiting
9675:
9674:
9672:
9671:
9670:
9669:
9659:
9654:
9649:
9648:
9647:
9642:
9637:
9632:
9622:
9617:
9616:
9615:
9610:
9600:
9595:
9589:
9587:
9579:
9578:
9575:
9574:
9572:
9571:
9566:
9561:
9556:
9551:
9546:
9540:
9538:
9532:
9531:
9529:
9528:
9523:
9522:
9521:
9516:
9511:
9509:by nationality
9506:
9501:
9493:
9488:
9487:
9486:
9481:
9476:
9471:
9466:
9461:
9456:
9451:
9446:
9441:
9436:
9431:
9426:
9421:
9410:
9408:
9404:
9403:
9401:
9400:
9395:
9390:
9384:
9382:
9376:
9375:
9373:
9372:
9367:
9362:
9356:
9354:
9348:
9347:
9345:
9344:
9339:
9334:
9329:
9328:
9327:
9322:
9314:
9313:
9312:
9307:
9296:
9294:
9288:
9287:
9285:
9284:
9279:
9274:
9273:
9272:
9267:
9259:
9258:
9257:
9246:
9244:
9236:
9235:
9233:
9232:
9227:
9222:
9221:
9220:
9215:
9207:
9201:
9199:
9193:
9192:
9190:
9189:
9188:
9187:
9182:
9174:
9169:
9164:
9159:
9154:
9149:
9144:
9139:
9134:
9129:
9124:
9119:
9114:
9113:
9112:
9107:
9102:
9097:
9092:
9087:
9082:
9072:
9071:
9070:
9065:
9054:
9052:
9045:
9039:
9038:
9036:
9035:
9030:
9025:
9020:
9015:
9014:
9013:
9008:
8997:
8995:
8991:
8990:
8988:
8987:
8981:
8978:
8977:
8969:
8968:
8961:
8954:
8946:
8937:
8936:
8934:
8933:
8928:
8923:
8918:
8912:
8910:
8906:
8905:
8902:
8901:
8899:
8898:
8892:
8890:
8886:
8885:
8883:
8882:
8876:
8874:
8870:
8869:
8867:
8866:
8861:
8856:
8851:
8846:
8841:
8836:
8831:
8826:
8821:
8816:
8811:
8806:
8801:
8795:
8793:
8786:
8780:
8779:
8776:
8775:
8773:
8772:
8767:
8762:
8757:
8752:
8747:
8745:Yusaku Maezawa
8742:
8737:
8732:
8727:
8725:Jared Isaacman
8722:
8717:
8712:
8707:
8702:
8697:
8692:
8687:
8681:
8679:
8672:
8671:Space tourists
8668:
8667:
8665:
8664:
8659:
8654:
8652:Ansari X Prize
8649:
8643:
8641:
8635:
8634:
8632:
8631:
8626:
8621:
8616:
8614:Space medicine
8611:
8606:
8600:
8598:
8594:
8593:
8591:
8590:
8589:
8588:
8583:
8578:
8573:
8565:
8564:
8563:
8558:
8553:
8548:
8539:
8537:
8533:
8532:
8525:
8523:
8520:
8519:
8517:
8516:
8514:XCOR Aerospace
8511:
8504:
8499:
8494:
8489:
8484:
8479:
8477:Canadian Arrow
8474:
8468:
8466:
8462:
8461:
8459:
8458:
8453:
8448:
8443:
8438:
8433:
8428:
8423:
8418:
8413:
8408:
8403:
8398:
8393:
8388:
8383:
8378:
8373:
8371:Airbus D&S
8368:
8363:
8358:
8352:
8350:
8343:
8339:
8338:
8331:
8330:
8323:
8316:
8308:
8299:
8298:
8195:
8194:
8182:
8170:
8158:
8152:
8149:
8148:
8144:
8143:
8140:
8139:
8137:
8136:
8131:
8126:
8121:
8116:
8110:
8108:
8104:
8103:
8101:
8100:
8095:
8094:
8093:
8088:
8078:
8073:
8068:
8063:
8058:
8053:
8047:
8045:
8041:
8040:
8038:
8037:
8035:Scattered disc
8032:
8027:
8026:
8025:
8015:
8010:
8009:
8008:
8003:
8002:
8001:
7991:
7986:
7981:
7976:
7966:
7961:
7956:
7951:
7946:
7941:
7936:
7931:
7926:
7921:
7916:
7911:
7906:
7901:
7896:
7891:
7886:
7885:
7884:
7879:
7869:
7864:
7859:
7854:
7849:
7844:
7839:
7834:
7829:
7824:
7823:
7822:
7820:Excretion disk
7815:Accretion disk
7812:
7807:
7805:Star formation
7801:
7799:
7791:
7790:
7788:
7787:
7782:
7777:
7772:
7767:
7762:
7757:
7752:
7751:
7750:
7740:
7735:
7730:
7729:
7728:
7718:
7713:
7708:
7707:
7706:
7701:
7696:
7694:space stations
7686:
7685:
7684:
7679:
7669:
7668:
7667:
7662:
7657:
7647:
7641:
7639:
7627:
7626:
7624:
7623:
7618:
7613:
7608:
7603:
7598:
7593:
7588:
7583:
7578:
7573:
7567:
7565:
7554:
7551:
7550:
7548:
7547:
7542:
7541:
7540:
7535:
7533:Scattered disc
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6529:
6525:Space Tourists
6521:
6513:
6505:
6501:Mission to Mir
6497:
6492:
6486:
6484:
6480:
6479:
6477:
6476:
6471:
6469:Stanford torus
6466:
6461:
6459:Rotating wheel
6456:
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6364:
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6347:
6346:
6344:
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6328:
6327:In development
6324:
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6320:
6319:
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6302:
6301:
6300:
6284:
6283:
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6272:Space Station
6268:
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6259:
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6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
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6176:Aurora Station
6172:
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5954:
5951:
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5943:Space stations
5939:
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5924:
5916:
5910:
5909:
5881:
5864:
5861:
5860:
5859:
5847:
5838:
5822:
5815:
5814:External links
5812:
5810:
5809:
5803:
5790:
5784:
5763:
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5720:
5717:
5714:
5713:
5694:(2): 143–159.
5682:(1987-06-01).
5670:
5663:
5636:
5626:(4th ed.)
5589:
5579:(4th ed.)
5539:
5532:
5518:Westfahl, Gary
5501:
5476:
5427:
5412:. ESA SP-433.
5400:
5368:
5319:
5284:(5): 900–910.
5264:
5215:
5190:
5147:
5126:
5091:
5067:
5042:
5017:
4993:
4983:. 16 June 2020
4968:
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4916:
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4819:
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4769:
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4694:
4673:
4656:(2012-05-22).
4645:
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4520:
4495:
4470:
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4420:
4396:
4371:
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4297:
4285:Enkey Magazine
4272:
4248:
4241:
4209:
4188:
4163:
4138:
4110:
4077:
4066:. Aug 13, 2008
4051:
4026:
4001:
3990:
3965:
3941:
3915:
3904:on 31 May 2010
3885:
3872:New York Times
3857:
3832:
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3778:
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3392:
3374:
3363:. 13 June 2019
3348:
3320:
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3278:
3247:
3223:
3199:
3175:
3150:
3124:
3100:
3069:
3058:. 12 June 2023
3041:
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2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2331:
2328:
2313:Main article:
2310:
2307:
2302:The Brick Moon
2285:space habitats
2274:The Brick Moon
2266:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2214:
2211:
2187:Main article:
2184:
2181:
2176:Main article:
2173:
2170:
2152:
2151:Human research
2149:
2148:
2147:
2146:(2001–present)
2141:
2118:
2115:
2095:Main article:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2069:Main article:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2047:Main article:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2028:Main article:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2014:
2005:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1954:Main article:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1945:(2021–present)
1940:
1939:(2021–present)
1922:Main article:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1906:
1900:
1894:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1882:(2020–present)
1877:
1876:(2001–present)
1868:
1867:(2000–present)
1859:
1858:(2013–present)
1847:
1846:
1845:
1837:
1832:
1802:
1799:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1702:
1699:
1683:
1680:
1650:
1649:Communications
1647:
1624:
1621:
1595:Main article:
1592:
1589:
1569:space habitats
1546:muscle atrophy
1538:weightlessness
1526:Main article:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1494:
1486:
1483:
1425:Main article:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1401:
1398:
1393:
1392:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1377:
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1264:
1252:
1245:
1244:
1231:ISRO chairman
1229:
1227:
1224:
1221:
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1214:
1202:
1196:
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1192:
1186:
1183:
1180:
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1128:
1125:
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1109:
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1080:
1077:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1009:
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1003:
1001:
998:
986:
979:
978:
975:
969:
966:
963:
961:
956:
943:
937:
936:
931:and follow-on
921:
918:
915:
912:
910:
905:
862:
854:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
826:
818:
816:
813:
710:
704:
642:(ROS) and the
620:Main article:
617:
614:
610:launch vehicle
606:modular design
579:Main article:
576:
571:
449:
446:
411:Neil Armstrong
395:Gemini program
357:Apollo program
339:
336:
318:orbital weapon
282:Treppenschacht
225:Hermann Oberth
217:The Brick Moon
208:
207:Early concepts
205:
197:
194:
111:space tourists
81:which remains
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10208:
10197:
10194:
10192:
10189:
10187:
10184:
10182:
10179:
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10173:
10171:
10156:
10153:
10151:
10148:
10146:
10143:
10139:
10136:
10135:
10134:
10133:NASA missions
10131:
10129:
10126:
10124:
10121:
10120:
10118:
10116:and timelines
10112:
10106:
10103:
10101:
10098:
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10093:
10091:
10088:
10084:
10081:
10080:
10079:
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10067:
10061:
10060:Satish Dhawan
10058:
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9484:Ibero-America
9482:
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9343:
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9326:
9323:
9321:
9318:
9317:
9316:Spaceflights
9315:
9311:
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9297:
9295:
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9289:
9283:
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9275:
9271:
9268:
9266:
9263:
9262:
9261:Spaceflights
9260:
9256:
9253:
9252:
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9248:
9247:
9245:
9243:
9242:
9237:
9231:
9228:
9226:
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9216:
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9211:
9210:
9209:Spaceflights
9208:
9206:
9203:
9202:
9200:
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9186:
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8953:
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8907:
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8815:
8812:
8810:
8807:
8805:
8802:
8800:
8797:
8796:
8794:
8790:
8787:
8783:Space tourism
8781:
8771:
8770:John Shoffner
8768:
8766:
8763:
8761:
8758:
8756:
8753:
8751:
8748:
8746:
8743:
8741:
8738:
8736:
8733:
8731:
8728:
8726:
8723:
8721:
8720:Oliver Daemen
8718:
8716:
8715:Guy Laliberté
8713:
8711:
8708:
8706:
8703:
8701:
8698:
8696:
8695:Gregory Olsen
8693:
8691:
8688:
8686:
8683:
8682:
8680:
8676:
8673:
8669:
8663:
8660:
8658:
8655:
8653:
8650:
8648:
8645:
8644:
8642:
8640:
8636:
8630:
8627:
8625:
8624:Space station
8622:
8620:
8617:
8615:
8612:
8610:
8607:
8605:
8602:
8601:
8599:
8595:
8587:
8584:
8582:
8579:
8577:
8576:SpaceShip III
8574:
8572:
8569:
8568:
8566:
8562:
8559:
8557:
8554:
8552:
8549:
8547:
8544:
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8509:
8505:
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8498:
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8483:
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8478:
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8473:
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8457:
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8409:
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8394:
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8389:
8387:
8384:
8382:
8379:
8377:
8374:
8372:
8369:
8367:
8364:
8362:
8359:
8357:
8354:
8353:
8351:
8347:
8344:
8342:Organizations
8340:
8336:
8335:Space tourism
8329:
8324:
8322:
8317:
8315:
8310:
8309:
8306:
8296:
8287:
8280:
8273:
8266:
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8199:
8193:
8183:
8181:
8171:
8169:
8159:
8157:
8154:
8153:
8150:
8135:
8134:Tidal locking
8132:
8130:
8127:
8125:
8122:
8120:
8117:
8115:
8114:Double planet
8112:
8111:
8109:
8105:
8099:
8096:
8092:
8089:
8087:
8084:
8083:
8082:
8079:
8077:
8074:
8072:
8069:
8067:
8066:Minor planets
8064:
8062:
8059:
8057:
8054:
8052:
8049:
8048:
8046:
8042:
8036:
8033:
8031:
8028:
8024:
8021:
8020:
8019:
8016:
8014:
8011:
8007:
8004:
8000:
7999:Merging stars
7997:
7996:
7995:
7992:
7990:
7987:
7985:
7982:
7980:
7977:
7975:
7972:
7971:
7970:
7967:
7965:
7962:
7960:
7957:
7955:
7952:
7950:
7947:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7925:
7922:
7920:
7917:
7915:
7912:
7910:
7907:
7905:
7902:
7900:
7897:
7895:
7892:
7890:
7887:
7883:
7880:
7878:
7875:
7874:
7873:
7870:
7868:
7865:
7863:
7860:
7858:
7855:
7853:
7850:
7848:
7845:
7843:
7840:
7838:
7835:
7833:
7830:
7828:
7825:
7821:
7818:
7817:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7808:
7806:
7803:
7802:
7800:
7798:
7792:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7778:
7776:
7773:
7771:
7768:
7766:
7763:
7761:
7758:
7756:
7753:
7749:
7746:
7745:
7744:
7741:
7739:
7736:
7734:
7731:
7727:
7724:
7723:
7722:
7719:
7717:
7714:
7712:
7709:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7697:
7695:
7692:
7691:
7690:
7687:
7683:
7680:
7678:
7675:
7674:
7673:
7670:
7666:
7663:
7661:
7658:
7656:
7653:
7652:
7651:
7648:
7646:
7643:
7642:
7640:
7637:
7632:
7628:
7622:
7619:
7617:
7614:
7612:
7609:
7607:
7604:
7602:
7601:Subsatellites
7599:
7597:
7594:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7579:
7577:
7574:
7572:
7569:
7568:
7566:
7564:
7561:Hypothetical
7558:
7555:
7546:
7543:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7517:
7514:
7512:
7509:
7508:
7507:
7504:
7503:
7502:
7499:
7495:
7492:
7490:
7487:
7486:
7485:
7482:
7478:
7475:
7473:
7470:
7468:
7465:
7463:
7460:
7458:
7455:
7453:
7450:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7440:
7438:
7435:
7434:
7433:
7430:
7428:
7427:Asteroid belt
7425:
7423:
7420:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7403:
7399:
7396:
7394:
7391:
7390:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7371:
7370:
7369:
7366:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7323:
7321:
7319:
7316:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7304:
7303:
7302:
7301:Minor planets
7299:
7297:
7294:
7292:
7289:
7287:
7284:
7283:
7281:
7279:
7269:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7232:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7217:
7214:
7213:
7211:
7209:
7205:
7197:
7194:
7193:
7192:
7189:
7185:
7182:
7181:
7180:
7177:
7173:
7170:
7169:
7168:
7165:
7161:
7158:
7157:
7156:
7153:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7140:
7139:
7136:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7117:
7114:
7112:
7109:
7108:
7107:
7104:
7100:
7097:
7096:
7095:
7092:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7069:
7068:
7065:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7038:
7036:
7033:
7032:
7031:
7028:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6976:
6975:
6974:
6971:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6944:
6943:
6942:
6939:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6926:
6925:
6922:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6909:
6907:
6906:
6904:
6902:
6898:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6846:
6845:
6842:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6827:
6826:
6823:
6819:
6816:
6814:
6811:
6810:
6809:
6806:
6805:
6804:
6801:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6778:
6777:
6774:
6773:
6771:
6769:
6764:
6760:
6757:
6756:
6751:
6745:
6744:
6740:
6738:
6737:
6733:
6731:
6730:
6726:
6724:
6723:
6719:
6717:
6716:
6712:
6710:
6709:
6705:
6703:
6702:
6698:
6696:
6695:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6668:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6638:
6593:
6589:
6582:
6577:
6575:
6570:
6568:
6563:
6562:
6559:
6548:
6542:
6535:
6534:
6530:
6527:
6526:
6522:
6519:
6518:
6514:
6511:
6510:
6506:
6503:
6502:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6487:
6485:
6481:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6439:Bernal sphere
6437:
6436:
6434:
6430:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6405:
6403:
6399:
6389:
6388:Lunar Gateway
6386:
6385:
6383:
6381:International
6379:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6357:Axiom Station
6355:
6354:
6352:
6348:
6342:
6339:
6338:
6336:
6332:
6329:
6325:
6313:
6310:
6309:
6308:
6307:
6303:
6299:
6297:
6293:
6292:
6291:
6289:
6285:
6281:
6278:
6277:
6276:
6275:
6270:
6269:
6267:
6265:
6260:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6238:
6234:
6233:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6173:
6171:
6167:
6164:
6160:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6139:
6138:
6135:
6134:
6132:
6128:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6111:
6110:
6107:
6106:
6104:
6100:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6085:
6083:
6081:United States
6079:
6073:
6072:
6068:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
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6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
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6019:
6016:
6015:
6013:
6007:
6004:
6000:
5995:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5976:
5974:
5970:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5955:
5952:
5948:
5944:
5937:
5932:
5930:
5925:
5923:
5918:
5917:
5914:
5906:
5900:
5892:
5888:
5884:
5878:
5874:
5873:
5867:
5866:
5857:
5856:
5851:
5848:
5842:
5839:
5834:
5830:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5817:
5806:
5800:
5796:
5791:
5787:
5781:
5777:
5772:
5771:
5764:
5761:
5757:
5753:
5749:
5745:
5739:
5735:
5731:
5730:
5724:
5723:
5709:
5705:
5701:
5697:
5693:
5689:
5685:
5681:
5674:
5666:
5660:
5656:
5655:
5650:
5646:
5640:
5625:
5624:
5619:
5615:
5611:
5607:
5603:
5599:
5593:
5578:
5577:
5572:
5568:
5564:
5560:
5556:
5552:
5546:
5544:
5535:
5529:
5525:
5524:
5519:
5515:
5508:
5506:
5491:
5487:
5480:
5469:
5465:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5447:
5440:
5439:
5431:
5415:
5411:
5407:
5403:
5401:92-9092-732-1
5397:
5393:
5389:
5385:
5381:
5380:
5372:
5364:
5360:
5356:
5352:
5348:
5344:
5340:
5336:
5331:
5323:
5315:
5311:
5307:
5303:
5299:
5295:
5291:
5287:
5283:
5279:
5275:
5268:
5260:
5256:
5252:
5248:
5244:
5240:
5236:
5232:
5227:
5219:
5205:
5201:
5194:
5186:
5182:
5178:
5174:
5170:
5166:
5162:
5158:
5151:
5137:
5133:
5129:
5127:92-9092-223-0
5123:
5119:
5115:
5111:
5110:
5105:
5101:
5095:
5081:
5077:
5071:
5057:
5053:
5046:
5032:
5028:
5021:
5007:
5003:
4997:
4982:
4978:
4972:
4958:
4954:
4947:
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4930:
4926:
4920:
4906:
4902:
4896:
4882:
4878:
4872:
4858:
4854:
4848:
4833:
4829:
4823:
4808:
4804:
4798:
4784:
4780:
4773:
4759:
4755:
4748:
4734:
4730:
4723:
4708:
4704:
4698:
4684:
4677:
4663:
4659:
4655:
4649:
4635:
4631:
4624:
4609:
4605:
4599:
4585:
4581:
4574:
4560:
4556:
4549:
4534:
4530:
4524:
4510:
4506:
4499:
4485:
4481:
4474:
4459:
4455:
4449:
4435:
4431:
4424:
4410:
4406:
4400:
4386:on 2023-06-01
4385:
4381:
4375:
4361:
4357:
4351:
4336:
4332:
4326:
4311:
4307:
4301:
4286:
4282:
4276:
4262:
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4234:
4230:
4226:
4221:
4213:
4199:
4192:
4177:
4173:
4167:
4152:
4148:
4142:
4128:
4124:
4117:
4115:
4100:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4081:
4065:
4061:
4055:
4041:
4037:
4030:
4015:
4014:HowStuffWorks
4011:
4005:
3999:
3994:
3980:
3976:
3969:
3955:
3951:
3945:
3931:on 2017-05-14
3930:
3926:
3919:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3889:
3874:
3873:
3868:
3861:
3847:
3843:
3836:
3822:
3818:
3814:
3807:
3793:
3789:
3782:
3768:
3764:
3757:
3743:on 2021-06-27
3742:
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3707:
3693:
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3666:
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3528:
3524:
3523:
3518:
3511:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3473:
3457:
3454:Ahatoly Zak.
3450:
3434:
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3396:
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3384:
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3233:
3227:
3213:
3209:
3203:
3189:
3185:
3179:
3164:
3160:
3154:
3139:
3138:Via Satellite
3135:
3128:
3114:
3110:
3104:
3097:
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3073:
3057:
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2531:
2527:
2523:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2508:
2500:
2498:
2482:
2478:
2472:
2461:September 13,
2456:
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2279:
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2270:
2263:
2246:
2231:
2229:
2228:space tourism
2225:
2221:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2203:space tourism
2200:
2196:
2190:
2183:Space tourism
2179:
2168:
2162:
2158:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2134:
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2114:
2110:
2098:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2018:
2017:Space Shuttle
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1987:
1983:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1957:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1925:
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1903:Space Shuttle
1901:
1898:
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1042:Voyager Space
1038:
1032:
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944:
942:
941:Axiom Station
938:
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911:
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904:
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859:Lunar Gateway
855:
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823:
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798:
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786:
785:Space Station
784:
778:
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772:
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765:
761:
760:Pacific Ocean
757:
754:, Tiangong-1
753:
748:
746:
742:
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734:
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716:
708:
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701:
700:Axiom Station
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674:Space Shuttle
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488:
484:
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477:In 1971, the
472:
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413:performed on
412:
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369:lunar orbital
366:
365:lunar landing
363:instead of a
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182:docking ports
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72:
71:space station
37:
33:
19:
18:Space Station
10176:Solar System
9804:Upper stages
9645:lunar probes
9583:Solar System
9569:Spacewalkers
9554:2015–present
9514:billionaires
9239:
9110:2021–present
9075:Spaceflights
8880:Polaris Dawn
8799:Inspiration4
8765:Eytan Stibbe
8755:Larry Connor
8730:Sian Proctor
8623:
8561:SpaceShipTwo
8290:Each arrow (
8212:Local Bubble
8198:Solar System
8196:
7989:Planetesimal
7944:Kuiper cliff
7693:
7672:Space probes
7645:Colonization
7484:Kirkwood gap
7405:Saturn Moons
7318:Planetesimal
6776:Terrestrials
6741:
6734:
6727:
6720:
6713:
6706:
6699:
6692:
6665:
6588:Solar System
6531:
6523:
6515:
6507:
6499:
6474:Wet workshop
6367:Orbital Reef
6304:
6298:(ISS module)
6295:
6287:
6273:
6230:
6069:
6011:Soviet Union
5942:
5871:
5853:
5845:(in Russian)
5836:(in English)
5794:
5769:
5751:
5728:
5719:Bibliography
5691:
5687:
5673:
5652:
5639:
5628:. Retrieved
5621:
5592:
5581:. Retrieved
5574:
5521:
5493:. Retrieved
5489:
5479:
5437:
5430:
5418:. Retrieved
5378:
5371:
5341:(1): 65–82.
5338:
5334:
5322:
5281:
5277:
5267:
5237:(10): 7–16.
5234:
5230:
5218:
5207:. Retrieved
5203:
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5139:. Retrieved
5108:
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5079:
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5059:. Retrieved
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5034:. Retrieved
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4884:. Retrieved
4880:
4871:
4860:. Retrieved
4856:
4847:
4836:. Retrieved
4834:. 2016-10-17
4831:
4822:
4811:. Retrieved
4809:. 2011-11-17
4806:
4797:
4786:. Retrieved
4782:
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4761:. Retrieved
4757:
4747:
4736:. Retrieved
4732:
4722:
4711:. Retrieved
4709:. 2021-06-17
4706:
4697:
4686:. Retrieved
4676:
4665:. Retrieved
4661:
4648:
4637:. Retrieved
4633:
4623:
4612:. Retrieved
4610:. 2012-05-22
4607:
4598:
4587:. Retrieved
4583:
4573:
4562:. Retrieved
4558:
4548:
4537:. Retrieved
4535:. 2014-07-30
4532:
4523:
4512:. Retrieved
4508:
4498:
4487:. Retrieved
4483:
4473:
4462:. Retrieved
4460:. 2020-12-06
4457:
4448:
4437:. Retrieved
4433:
4423:
4412:. Retrieved
4408:
4399:
4388:. Retrieved
4384:the original
4374:
4363:. Retrieved
4359:
4350:
4339:. Retrieved
4337:. 2014-10-08
4334:
4325:
4314:. Retrieved
4312:. 2013-09-18
4309:
4300:
4289:. Retrieved
4287:. 2020-07-16
4284:
4275:
4264:. Retrieved
4260:
4251:
4224:
4212:
4201:. Retrieved
4191:
4180:. Retrieved
4178:. 2022-04-29
4175:
4166:
4155:. Retrieved
4150:
4141:
4130:. Retrieved
4126:
4102:. Retrieved
4090:
4080:
4068:. Retrieved
4063:
4054:
4043:. Retrieved
4039:
4029:
4018:. Retrieved
4016:. 2008-06-23
4013:
4004:
3993:
3982:. Retrieved
3978:
3968:
3957:. Retrieved
3953:
3944:
3933:. Retrieved
3929:the original
3918:
3906:. Retrieved
3902:the original
3888:
3876:. Retrieved
3870:
3860:
3849:. Retrieved
3845:
3835:
3824:. Retrieved
3816:
3806:
3795:. Retrieved
3791:
3781:
3770:. Retrieved
3766:
3756:
3745:. Retrieved
3741:the original
3731:
3720:. Retrieved
3716:
3706:
3695:. Retrieved
3683:
3673:
3651:
3627:
3612:
3602:
3590:. Retrieved
3579:
3569:
3557:. Retrieved
3543:
3531:. Retrieved
3520:
3510:
3498:. Retrieved
3494:the original
3485:
3472:
3460:. Retrieved
3449:
3437:. Retrieved
3426:
3416:
3407:
3395:
3386:
3377:
3365:. Retrieved
3351:
3339:. Retrieved
3332:
3323:
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3297:. Retrieved
3290:
3281:
3262:
3238:. Retrieved
3226:
3215:. Retrieved
3211:
3202:
3191:. Retrieved
3187:
3178:
3167:. Retrieved
3162:
3153:
3141:. Retrieved
3137:
3127:
3116:. Retrieved
3112:
3103:
3095:
3088:. Retrieved
3082:
3072:
3060:. Retrieved
3053:
3044:
3033:. Retrieved
3023:
2998:. Retrieved
2994:
2984:
2975:
2966:
2954:. Retrieved
2948:
2938:
2926:. Retrieved
2920:
2910:
2898:. Retrieved
2892:
2882:
2870:. Retrieved
2864:
2854:
2839:
2828:. Retrieved
2826:. 2020-01-28
2823:
2814:
2806:
2799:. Retrieved
2793:
2783:
2763:
2756:
2744:. Retrieved
2738:
2728:
2716:. Retrieved
2712:
2702:
2691:. Retrieved
2678:
2666:. Retrieved
2662:the original
2655:
2646:
2621:
2613:
2601:. Retrieved
2594:the original
2580:
2548:
2506:
2485:. Retrieved
2483:. 2013-09-02
2480:
2471:
2459:. Retrieved
2455:the original
2450:
2441:
2430:
2406:. Retrieved
2400:
2375:. Retrieved
2365:
2336:Apollo–Soyuz
2325:Mars habitat
2216:
2207:space hotels
2192:
2120:
2111:
2100:
1989:
1959:
1927:
1830:Dream Chaser
1814:
1784:
1753:
1749:
1739:
1704:
1685:
1636:
1623:Life support
1617:solar panels
1613:Solar System
1610:
1585:
1566:
1531:
1522:Habitability
1485:Construction
1474:SpaceX CRS-8
1463:
1436:
1407:
1403:
1400:Architecture
1331:Sierra Space
1189:
1173:Sierra Space
1150:Orbital Reef
1139:
1097:
1091:
972:
846:Launch date
827:
800:
782:
779:
768:
749:
730:
706:
690:
682:
671:
659:
652:
637:
630:View of the
599:
597:
589:
573:
544:
524:Soviet Union
517:
513:
498:
479:Soviet Union
476:
431:
392:
372:
354:
347:
329:
301:
295:
289:
281:
273:
269:
265:
257:
249:
243:
210:
180:, featuring
175:
160:Expedition 1
153:
146:
115:
87:hosts humans
74:
70:
68:
9939:H-II and H3
9882:Delta DM-19
9872:Black Brant
9585:exploration
9360:Expeditions
9300:Expeditions
9250:Expeditions
9205:Expeditions
8973:Spaceflight
8854:Galactic 06
8849:Galactic 05
8844:Galactic 04
8839:Galactic 03
8834:Galactic 02
8750:Yozo Hirano
8685:Dennis Tito
8556:New Shepard
8497:PlanetSpace
8366:Blue Origin
8356:Axiom Space
8253:Local Sheet
8247:Local Group
8030:Rubble pile
8018:Roche limit
8013:Ring system
7964:Outer space
7939:Kuiper belt
7909:Hill sphere
7904:Hills cloud
7852:Debris disk
7847:Cosmic dust
7631:Exploration
7586:Planet Nine
7571:Fifth giant
7545:Hills cloud
7506:Kuiper belt
7477:exceptional
7393:Trojan camp
6444:Bishop Ring
5947:settlements
5833:Infographic
5610:Clute, John
5563:Clute, John
5006:iss.jaxa.jp
3908:10 February
3462:11 February
3240:November 6,
3208:"Gravitics"
3143:13 December
3090:13 December
3062:13 December
2801:13 December
2603:30 November
2408:January 22,
2287:feature in
2178:Astrobotany
2140:(1996–1997)
2086:Maintenance
2060:(1971–1986)
2038:(1973–1974)
2019:(1995–1998)
2013:(1986–2000)
1971:(2011–2016)
1911:(2012–2020)
1905:(1998–2011)
1899:(2009–2020)
1893:(2008–2015)
1673:InterPlaNet
1320:Pathfinder
1273:after 2030
1162:Blue Origin
953:Axiom Space
745:Shenzhou 10
662:RKK Energia
555:Soyuz ferry
250:Achs-Körper
164:Shenzhou 14
10170:Categories
10083:comparison
10009:Thor DM-18
9994:Thor-Agena
9949:Long March
9867:Atlas LV3C
9862:Atlas LV3B
9782:Spacecraft
9770:Comparison
9699:PocketQube
9681:satellites
9459:Cosmonauts
9414:Astronauts
9370:Spacewalks
9332:Spacewalks
9277:Spacewalks
9225:Spacewalks
9185:Suborbital
9068:by program
9028:Space Race
9018:Spacecraft
8760:Mark Pathy
8492:Orion Span
8272:Local Hole
8219:Gould Belt
7959:Oort cloud
7795:Formation,
7785:Deep space
7621:Vulcanoids
7538:Oort cloud
7462:first 1000
7398:Greek camp
7296:Meteoroids
7291:Damocloids
7237:Charikloan
6253:Tiangong-3
6216:Nautilus-X
6119:Tiangong-2
6114:Tiangong-1
6038:Cosmos 557
5630:2021-08-06
5583:2023-12-29
5495:2022-08-28
5209:2022-08-28
5141:2022-08-28
5100:Reiter, T.
5085:2022-08-26
5061:2022-08-26
5036:2022-08-26
5011:2022-08-26
4987:2022-08-26
4962:2022-08-26
4934:2022-08-26
4910:2022-08-26
4886:2022-08-26
4862:2022-08-26
4838:2022-08-26
4813:2022-08-26
4788:2022-08-26
4763:2022-08-26
4738:2022-08-26
4713:2022-08-26
4688:2022-08-24
4667:2022-08-24
4639:2022-08-24
4614:2022-08-24
4589:2022-08-24
4564:2022-08-24
4539:2022-08-24
4514:2022-08-24
4489:2022-08-24
4464:2022-08-24
4439:2022-08-25
4414:2022-08-25
4390:2022-08-25
4365:2022-08-25
4341:2022-08-24
4316:2022-08-24
4291:2022-08-25
4266:2022-08-25
4203:2022-08-25
4182:2022-08-25
4157:2022-08-25
4151:TechCrunch
4132:2022-08-26
4104:2022-08-27
4045:2022-08-27
4020:2022-08-27
3984:2022-08-27
3959:2022-08-23
3935:2017-07-12
3878:27 January
3851:2022-08-28
3826:2022-08-28
3797:2022-08-28
3772:2022-08-28
3747:2020-06-26
3722:2022-08-27
3697:2022-08-27
3522:TechCrunch
3217:2024-03-28
3193:2024-07-03
3169:2024-07-03
3163:Boursorama
3118:2023-05-30
3035:2021-05-04
3000:2021-05-04
2928:8 February
2830:2020-09-18
2746:26 October
2693:2012-08-13
2668:8 February
2487:2023-10-12
2432:Boys' Life
2357:References
2319:See also:
2243:See also:
2165:See also:
2075:See also:
1779:See also:
1760:Operations
1725:successor
1701:Occupation
1667:See also:
1659:Lira (ISS)
1601:See also:
1534:waste heat
1431:See also:
968:Late 2026
843:Crew size
775:Tiangong-3
771:Tiangong-2
741:Shenzhou 9
737:Shenzhou 8
733:Tiangong-1
542:stations.
509:Tiangong-2
505:Tiangong-1
200:See also:
136:successor
93:featuring
79:spacecraft
10029:V-2 tests
9927:2020–2022
9922:2010–2019
9897:Delta III
9549:2000–2014
9544:1965–1999
9398:Rollbacks
9162:Gaganyaan
9105:2011–2020
9100:2001–2010
9095:1991–2000
9090:1981–1990
9085:1971–1980
9080:1961–1970
8889:Cancelled
8581:Starliner
8571:New Glenn
8421:CAS Space
8233:Milky Way
8226:Orion Arm
7994:Formation
7979:Migration
7974:Disrupted
7842:Coatlicue
7810:Accretion
7797:evolution
7743:Asteroids
7655:astronomy
7650:Discovery
7511:Cubewanos
7432:Asteroids
7262:Quaoarian
7252:Neptunian
7242:Chironean
7227:Saturnian
7003:Enceladus
6248:Sundancer
6237:FlexCraft
6232:Skylab II
5899:cite book
5891:945783975
5831:Official
5708:0308-0188
5420:28 August
5363:137731119
5355:0954-0083
5314:235890776
5306:1086-9379
5185:226258372
4832:SpaceNews
4758:Space.com
4662:Space.com
4634:Space.com
4608:Space.com
4559:Space.com
4533:SpaceNews
4509:Space.com
4176:SpaceNews
4099:1059-1028
3846:SpaceNews
3692:0971-751X
3684:The Hindu
3614:SpaceNews
3581:SpaceNews
3084:SpaceNews
2995:Space.com
2950:The Verge
2824:SpaceNews
2795:SpaceNews
2740:SpaceNews
2689:. Usu.edu
2572:990337324
2530:304494949
2201:. Later,
2199:astronaut
1999:Roscosmos
1862:Roscosmos
1840:Roscosmos
1737:in 2009.
1421:Materials
1262:Roscosmos
1243:program.
1241:Gaganyaan
1123:Gravitics
1064:MDA Space
1031:NanoRacks
996:Roscosmos
971:~666.8 m
756:reentered
747:in 2013.
367:a crewed
296:In 1929,
286:stairwell
248:(Legend:
215:'s 1868 "
186:thrusters
168:the 127th
9984:Starship
9954:Minotaur
9912:Delta IV
9892:Delta II
9877:Electron
9838:Launches
9797:heaviest
9787:uncrewed
9758:Vehicles
9694:CubeSats
9635:orbiters
9593:Timeline
9454:European
9393:Missions
9352:Tiangong
9342:Deployed
9337:Visitors
9325:uncrewed
9310:Visiting
9282:Visitors
9270:uncrewed
9230:Visitors
9218:uncrewed
9167:Spacelab
9157:Shenzhou
9063:timeline
9011:timeline
8896:dearMoon
8785:missions
8586:Starship
8551:Dragon 2
8542:Current
8536:Vehicles
8286:Universe
8124:Moonlets
7704:programs
7677:timeline
7665:timeline
7596:Planet X
7591:Planet V
7528:Sednoids
7516:Plutinos
7489:Centaurs
7467:families
7196:Dysnomia
7184:Xiangliu
7179:Gonggong
7167:Makemake
7126:Kerberos
7013:Hyperion
6951:Callisto
6946:Ganymede
6879:Gonggong
6874:Makemake
6729:Gonggong
6722:Makemake
6432:Concepts
6401:Proposed
6296:Columbus
6288:Columbus
6243:Skylab B
6162:Canceled
6088:OPS 0855
6063:Salyut 7
6058:Salyut 6
6053:Salyut 5
6048:Salyut 4
6043:Salyut 3
6033:Salyut 2
6023:Salyut 1
6009:Russia /
5647:(2006).
5620:(eds.).
5604:(2021).
5573:(eds.).
5557:(2022).
5468:Archived
5464:54880762
5414:Archived
5410:41941169
5259:11540010
5177:33149317
5136:38174384
4807:BBC News
4707:BBC News
3717:phys.org
3665:Archived
3640:Archived
3619:Archived
3586:Archived
3553:Archived
3527:Archived
3433:Archived
3341:June 18,
3299:June 18,
3292:Engadget
3273:Archived
3009:cite web
2976:BBC News
2866:BBC News
2713:BBC News
2341:Spacelab
2330:See also
2321:Moonbase
2220:taxation
2091:Research
1943:Tianzhou
1937:Shenzhou
1887:Retired
1849:Current
1795:Salyut 7
1719:Salyut 6
1711:Soyuz 11
1707:Salyut 1
1691:Salyut 5
1682:Military
1491:Salyut 1
1451:titanium
1335:Private
1299:Private
1233:K. Sivan
1177:Private
1127:Private
1112:StarMax
1079:Private
852:Remarks
840:Program
802:Tiāngōng
783:Tiangong
707:Tiangong
563:Progress
551:Salyut 7
547:Salyut 6
536:Salyut 5
532:Salyut 3
528:Salyut 2
520:Salyut 1
483:Salyut 1
442:Apollo 9
415:Gemini 8
407:Gemini 7
403:Gemini 6
350:Vostok 1
262:elevator
154:Tiangong
126:Soyuz 11
122:Salyut 1
103:military
83:in orbit
10024:Tsyklon
9887:Delta 1
9852:Antares
9499:by name
9444:Chinese
9439:Mercury
9419:by name
9380:Shuttle
9180:Orbital
9172:Artemis
9137:Mercury
9122:Russian
9051:General
9006:outline
8994:General
8931:Haven-1
8909:Related
8873:Planned
8864:Axiom-2
8859:Axiom-1
8567:Future
8487:MirCorp
8465:Defunct
8391:Redwire
8107:Related
8086:by size
7775:Neptune
7760:Jupiter
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7326:Mercury
7257:Haumean
7247:Uranian
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1871:Energia
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