302:
489:
146:— about 0.7% is best for large sparks. The carbon burns explosively in the hot iron and this produces pretty, branching sparks. The color of sparks used in pyrotechnics is determined by the material that the sparks are made from, with the possibility of adding different chemical compounds to certain materials to further influence the color of the sparks. The basic color of sparks is limited to red/orange, gold (yellow) and silver (white). This is explained by light emission from a solid particle. Light emitted from solid particles is defined by
321:
38:
475:
27:
503:
396:
342:
168:
95:
236:
43:
42:
39:
44:
191:
containing at least one metal with a low boiling point can be used to control the color of the spark. The lower boiling component evaporates and burns in the vapor phase, while the metal with a high boiling point serves as a carrier. In the vapor phase, bright element-specific light emission takes
328:
Arc welding uses a low voltage and high current electric arc between an electrode and the base material to melt the metals at the welding point, which often creates sparks. To reduce the risk of burns, welders wear heavy leather gloves and long sleeve jackets to avoid exposure to extreme heat,
41:
329:
flames, and sparks. In spot welding, metal surfaces that are held in contact are joined by the heat from resistance to electric current flow. It is common for a spray of sparks in the form of molten metal droplets to be ejected from the parts being joined. or the resistance heating of
163:
powder. These sparks switch between surface and vapor phase combustion and accordingly between orange (black body) and green (element specific) emission. The color-change is based on the medium-ranged boiling point of erbium, which burns only partly in the vapor phase.
265:
was commonly used as tinder to catch the spark and start the fire, but producing a good spark could take much time. A spinning steel wheel provided a good stream of sparks when it engaged the flint, and a tinderbox designed to do this was known as a mill.
154:
has found to be a helpful indicator to estimate the temperature and consequently the color of a spark. To achieve colors differing from black body emitters, vapor phase combustion of the metal is necessary. A typical example is
40:
187:
can form color-changing sparks, too, although the visibility of both phases of the same spark is less pronounced due to a lower (Tm) or higher (Y, Lu) boiling point of the metal.
204:
shows long red spark segments. The duration of a spark’s existence is determined by the initial size of the particle, with a larger size leading to a longer-lasting spark.
254:
together. He found that the sparks were usually particles of the steel that had become red hot and so melted into globules. These sparks can be used to ignite
239:
The cold remnants of steel sparks struck by Robert Hooke using a flint. These were collected on paper, studied using his early microscope and drawn by hand.
289:. This readily produces sparks when scraped and burns hotter than steel would. This higher temperature is needed to ignite the vapour of the
638:
1008:
834:
789:
570:
1128:
975:
865:
813:
301:
1513:
360:
as the sparks might set fire to the adjacent landscape or even to the train itself, especially if the engine burned wood rather than
159:, with a low boiling of 1180 K. Zinc sparks show an unusual bluish/greenish white appearance. Exotic sparks can be obtained from
1189:
414:
The significance of a spark as a source for a flame or a conflagration shows clearly, for example, in the naming and motto of
150:. The temperature of the spark is controlled by the reactivity of the metal. Higher reactive metals lead to hotter sparks. The
1156:
1101:
1072:
1002:
969:
940:
915:
891:
859:
783:
606:
564:
1107:
455:), it is written, "Yet man is born unto trouble, as the sparks fly upward." The use by King James' translators of the word
223:, on the other hand, has a high conductivity and so is poor at producing sparks. For this reason, alloys of copper such as
1033:
723:
Memmel, Philipp; Lederle, Felix; Söftje, Martin; Koch, Jannis; Li, Mingji; Schade, Wolfgang; Hübner, Eike G. (2022).
632:
459:
here is a poetic one rather than a literal one. The sparks of fire are identified by some translators as the sons of
488:
1503:
379:
might also have spark arrestors fitted if there would be a fire risk from their operation. For example, a
452:
356:
may produce sparks as updrafts carry particles of the burning fuel aloft. This was a great problem with
1182:
376:
130:
may be used to create sparks. The quantity and style of sparks produced depends on the composition and
1283:
1275:
1219:
908:
Welder's
Handbook, RevisedHP1513: A Guide to Plasma Cutting, Oxyacetylene, ARC, MIG and TIG Welding
1298:
622:
20:
1146:
1089:
1023:
990:
828:
773:
552:
1175:
1122:
957:
849:
594:
807:
399:
208:
147:
261:
In colonial
America, flint and steel were used to light fires when easier methods failed.
8:
1324:
749:
724:
669:
433:
19:
This article is about the incandescent particle. For electrical and other sparks, see
1331:
1152:
1097:
1068:
1029:
998:
965:
936:
911:
887:
855:
779:
754:
673:
628:
602:
560:
151:
1293:
652:
Lederle, Felix; Koch, Jannis; HĂĽbner, Eike G. (21 February 2019). "Colored Sparks".
1472:
744:
736:
700:
687:
Lederle, Felix; Koch, Jannis; Schade, Wolfgang; HĂĽbner, Eike G. (31 January 2020).
661:
480:
383:
might be fitted with a centrifugal arrestor, which will trap glowing hot pieces of
357:
310:
224:
31:
305:
Spray of sparks from a
Bessemer converter as air is blown through the molten metal
1533:
1518:
1508:
1142:
432:. The “creative spark” has come to be considered as inherent to metaphor itself.
1414:
879:
494:
415:
365:
320:
1554:
1548:
1442:
1319:
1240:
740:
526:
508:
429:
309:
Molten metal sparks can be created when metal is heated by processes such as
135:
131:
64:
171:
Color-changing sparks from erbium powder with golden and green spark phases.
1368:
803:
758:
705:
688:
665:
516:
403:
372:
330:
243:
143:
107:
75:
1025:
Clymer Yamaha Pw50 Y-Zinger, Pw80 Y-Zinger & Bw80 Big Wheel, 1981-2002
1409:
1394:
1358:
1353:
1303:
1198:
448:
441:
314:
286:
282:
115:
71:
26:
1432:
1346:
1341:
1288:
933:
Welding Skills, Processes and
Practices for Entry-Level Welders: Book 2
380:
262:
219:
are especially good in this respect and so are now used in fireworks.
1528:
1523:
1477:
1462:
1457:
1437:
1389:
1336:
1265:
521:
274:
216:
193:
127:
83:
550:
1467:
1452:
1447:
1363:
1260:
1245:
1209:
592:
444:
in which there is a duty to gather the sundered light of creation.
425:
407:
395:
235:
212:
201:
180:
123:
119:
111:
99:
67:
1399:
1214:
826:
502:
460:
346:
341:
270:
184:
176:
371:
The chimneys and exhausts of other fuel-burning engines such as
167:
1255:
1167:
725:"Customizing the Appearance of Sparks with Binary Metal Alloys"
290:
278:
255:
220:
197:
160:
139:
930:
227:
are used to make safety tools which will not spark so easily.
134:
of the metal and can be used to identify the type of metal by
1498:
1482:
1404:
1373:
1235:
531:
424:. The spark metaphor has often been used in philosophy since
420:
251:
247:
188:
53:
49:
1124:
A commentary, grammatical and exegetical, on the book of Job
384:
361:
353:
156:
94:
79:
722:
686:
1120:
689:"Color-Changing Sparks from Rare Earth Metal Powders"
470:
364:. To prevent this dangerous nuisance, a variety of
693:Zeitschrift fĂĽr anorganische und allgemeine Chemie
246:studied the sparks created by striking a piece of
924:
899:
847:
651:
463:- a Canaanite deity of lightning and pestilence.
1546:
1141:
1047:
1021:
905:
878:
593:Kenneth L. Kosanke; Bonnie J. Kosanke (1999),
559:, Jones & Bartlett Learning, p. 411,
1183:
1096:, Oxford University Press, pp. 249–251,
988:
955:
551:National Fire Protection Association (2005),
1087:
827:Thomas Webster; Mrs. William Parkes (1855),
802:
336:
1067:. Manchester University Press. p. 82.
200:-alloy forms long green sparks and burning
1190:
1176:
1062:
886:, Courier Dover Publications, p. 24,
771:
1514:Native American use of fire in ecosystems
931:Lawrence Bower; Jeffus, Larry F. (2009).
748:
704:
211:are especially good at producing sparks.
394:
340:
319:
300:
234:
166:
138:. In the case of iron, the presence of
93:
36:
25:
718:
716:
654:European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry
620:
588:
586:
584:
582:
580:
1547:
964:, MBI Publishing Company, p. 29,
1171:
995:A history of the American locomotive
778:, John Wiley and Sons, p. 371,
713:
645:
577:
436:contains a doctrine of holy sparks (
830:An encyclopædia of domestic economy
13:
884:Fire: Servant, Scourge, and Enigma
230:
14:
1566:
1048:Cline Horowitz, Maryanne (1998).
991:"Smokestacks and spark arrestors"
175:The adjacent rare earth elements
1197:
501:
487:
473:
296:
1504:Control of fire by early humans
1135:
1131:from the original on 2017-12-16
1114:
1110:from the original on 2016-11-23
1081:
1056:
1041:
1015:
1011:from the original on 2017-12-16
982:
978:from the original on 2017-12-16
949:
872:
868:from the original on 2017-12-16
848:Alice Morse Earle (July 2009),
841:
837:from the original on 2017-12-16
816:from the original on 2017-12-16
792:from the original on 2017-12-16
641:from the original on 2017-12-16
573:from the original on 2017-12-16
192:place. For example, a eutectic
89:
48:Sparks while cutting a roof in
1121:Andrew Bruce Davidson (1862),
997:, Courier Dover Publications,
820:
796:
765:
680:
614:
595:"Pyrotechnic Spark Generation"
544:
324:Sparks from spot welding robot
30:Sparks from a screw held on a
1:
1148:The Book of Job: A Commentary
1063:Bennington, Geoffrey (1988).
1052:. Princeton University Press.
1050:Seeds of Virtue and Knowledge
1022:Sally F Cutler (2000-05-24),
537:
70:. Sparks may be produced by
775:Encyclopedia of the elements
390:
7:
935:. Delmar Cengage Learning.
466:
377:internal combustion engines
10:
1571:
1065:Lyotard: Writing the Event
851:Home Life in Colonial Days
557:User's manual for NFPA 921
368:were invented and fitted.
98:Sparks from a pyrotechnic
82:, especially when burning
18:
1491:
1425:
1382:
1312:
1274:
1228:
1205:
962:American steam locomotive
621:Kosanke, Kenneth (2004),
337:Fires and spark arrestors
126:and metal alloys such as
1284:Autoignition temperature
910:. HP Trade. p. 34.
809:Microscopic observations
741:10.1021/acsomega.2c03081
440:) from the kabbalism of
1299:Minimum ignition energy
906:Finch, Richard (2007).
599:Journal of Pyrotechnics
989:John H. White (1980),
956:Brian Solomon (1998),
706:10.1002/zaac.201900300
666:10.1002/ejic.201801300
411:
350:
325:
306:
240:
172:
103:
78:or as a by-product of
56:
34:
1088:Louis Jacobs (1995),
624:Pyrotechnic Chemistry
428:and, recently, after
398:
344:
323:
304:
277:, iron is mixed with
258:and so start a fire.
238:
170:
97:
47:
29:
16:Incandescent particle
400:The Creation of Adam
313:of iron to steel or
209:thermal conductivity
148:black-body radiation
1325:Solar Spark Lighter
1094:The Jewish religion
772:Per Enghag (2004),
735:(32): 28408–28420.
311:Bessemer conversion
142:is required, as in
854:, pp. 22–23,
434:Hasidic philosophy
412:
351:
345:A spark-arresting
326:
307:
285:to form the alloy
241:
173:
104:
57:
35:
1542:
1541:
1158:978-0-664-22218-5
1103:978-0-19-826463-7
1074:978-0-7190-2288-3
1004:978-0-486-23818-0
971:978-0-7603-0336-8
942:978-1-4354-2790-7
917:978-1-55788-513-5
893:978-0-486-42261-9
861:978-1-4068-5143-4
785:978-3-527-30666-4
608:978-1-889526-12-6
566:978-0-7637-4402-1
553:"Glossary: Spark"
358:steam locomotives
152:electronegativity
45:
1562:
1492:Related articles
1192:
1185:
1178:
1169:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1019:
1013:
1012:
986:
980:
979:
953:
947:
946:
928:
922:
921:
903:
897:
896:
876:
870:
869:
845:
839:
838:
824:
818:
817:
800:
794:
793:
769:
763:
762:
752:
720:
711:
710:
708:
684:
678:
677:
649:
643:
642:
618:
612:
611:
590:
575:
574:
548:
511:
506:
505:
497:
492:
491:
483:
481:Chemistry portal
478:
477:
476:
225:beryllium bronze
207:Metals with low
202:lithium silicide
46:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1534:Survival skills
1519:Outdoor cooking
1487:
1426:Other equipment
1421:
1383:Modern starters
1378:
1308:
1270:
1224:
1201:
1196:
1166:
1165:
1159:
1143:Norman C. Habel
1140:
1136:
1119:
1115:
1104:
1086:
1082:
1075:
1061:
1057:
1046:
1042:
1036:
1028:, p. 101,
1020:
1016:
1005:
987:
983:
972:
954:
950:
943:
929:
925:
918:
904:
900:
894:
877:
873:
862:
846:
842:
825:
821:
801:
797:
786:
770:
766:
721:
714:
685:
681:
650:
646:
635:
619:
615:
609:
591:
578:
567:
549:
545:
540:
507:
500:
493:
486:
479:
474:
472:
469:
393:
366:spark arrestors
349:on a locomotive
339:
299:
233:
231:Flint and steel
92:
37:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1568:
1558:
1557:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1316:
1314:
1313:Early starters
1310:
1309:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1280:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1232:
1230:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1195:
1194:
1187:
1180:
1172:
1164:
1163:
1157:
1134:
1113:
1102:
1080:
1073:
1055:
1040:
1034:
1014:
1003:
981:
970:
958:"Wood burners"
948:
941:
923:
916:
898:
892:
880:Hazel Rossotti
871:
860:
840:
819:
795:
784:
764:
712:
679:
660:(7): 928–937.
644:
633:
613:
607:
576:
565:
542:
541:
539:
536:
535:
534:
529:
524:
519:
513:
512:
498:
495:Physics portal
484:
468:
465:
392:
389:
338:
335:
298:
295:
263:Scorched linen
232:
229:
91:
88:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1567:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1443:Feather stick
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1321:
1320:Burning glass
1318:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1294:Friction fire
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1241:Fire triangle
1239:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1193:
1188:
1186:
1181:
1179:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1160:
1154:
1150:
1149:
1144:
1138:
1130:
1126:
1125:
1117:
1109:
1105:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1090:"Holy Sparks"
1084:
1076:
1070:
1066:
1059:
1051:
1044:
1037:
1035:9780892878284
1031:
1027:
1026:
1018:
1010:
1006:
1000:
996:
992:
985:
977:
973:
967:
963:
959:
952:
944:
938:
934:
927:
919:
913:
909:
902:
895:
889:
885:
881:
875:
867:
863:
857:
853:
852:
844:
836:
832:
831:
823:
815:
811:
810:
805:
799:
791:
787:
781:
777:
776:
768:
760:
756:
751:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
719:
717:
707:
702:
698:
694:
690:
683:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
648:
640:
636:
634:9781889526157
630:
626:
625:
617:
610:
604:
600:
596:
589:
587:
585:
583:
581:
572:
568:
562:
558:
554:
547:
543:
533:
530:
528:
527:Short circuit
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
514:
510:
509:Energy portal
504:
499:
496:
490:
485:
482:
471:
464:
462:
458:
454:
450:
445:
443:
439:
435:
431:
430:Jacques Lacan
427:
423:
422:
418:'s newspaper
417:
409:
408:spark of life
406:in which the
405:
401:
397:
388:
386:
382:
378:
374:
373:steam engines
369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
348:
343:
334:
332:
322:
318:
316:
312:
303:
297:Metal working
294:
292:
291:lighter fluid
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
267:
264:
259:
257:
253:
249:
245:
237:
228:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
205:
203:
199:
195:
190:
186:
182:
178:
169:
165:
162:
158:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
136:spark testing
133:
132:pyrophoricity
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
101:
96:
87:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
66:
62:
55:
51:
33:
28:
22:
1509:Firem'n Chit
1369:Fire striker
1250:
1199:Firelighting
1147:
1137:
1123:
1116:
1093:
1083:
1064:
1058:
1049:
1043:
1024:
1017:
994:
984:
961:
951:
932:
926:
907:
901:
883:
874:
850:
843:
829:
822:
808:
804:Robert Hooke
798:
774:
767:
732:
728:
699:(2): 37–46.
696:
692:
682:
657:
653:
647:
623:
616:
598:
556:
546:
517:Electric arc
456:
446:
437:
419:
413:
404:Michelangelo
370:
352:
331:spot welding
327:
308:
269:In a modern
268:
260:
244:Robert Hooke
242:
206:
174:
144:carbon steel
116:iron filings
108:pyrotechnics
105:
90:Pyrotechnics
76:metalworking
72:pyrotechnics
65:incandescent
60:
58:
1395:Ferrocerium
1359:Fire plough
1354:Fire piston
1304:Smouldering
449:Book of Job
442:Isaac Luria
315:arc welding
287:ferrocerium
283:rare earths
1433:Char cloth
1347:Pump drill
1342:Hand drill
1332:Fire drill
1289:Combustion
1229:Components
538:References
381:trail bike
281:and other
1529:Pyromania
1524:Pyrolysis
1478:Tinderbox
1463:Matchbook
1458:Fire ring
1438:Chuckmuck
1390:Blowtorch
1337:Bow drill
1266:Wood fuel
729:ACS Omega
674:104449284
601:: 49–62,
522:Lightning
438:nitzotzot
410:is passed
391:Symbolism
275:firesteel
217:zirconium
194:ytterbium
128:magnalium
1549:Category
1468:Matchbox
1453:Fire pit
1448:Fire pan
1415:Electric
1364:Fire-saw
1261:Wood ash
1246:Firewood
1220:Glossary
1210:Campfire
1145:(1985),
1129:archived
1108:archived
1009:archived
976:archived
882:(2002),
866:archived
835:archived
814:archived
806:(1780),
790:archived
759:35990440
639:archived
571:archived
467:See also
426:Stoicism
213:Titanium
181:lutetium
124:titanium
120:aluminum
112:charcoal
100:sparkler
68:particle
1400:Lighter
1215:Bonfire
750:9386707
461:Resheph
453:Job 5:7
447:In the
347:chimney
271:lighter
185:yttrium
177:thulium
32:grinder
1276:Topics
1256:Tinder
1155:
1100:
1071:
1032:
1001:
968:
939:
914:
890:
858:
782:
757:
747:
672:
631:
605:
563:
457:sparks
279:cerium
256:tinder
221:Copper
198:copper
189:Alloys
161:erbium
140:carbon
63:is an
1499:Arson
1483:Torch
1410:Black
1405:Match
1374:Flint
1251:Spark
1236:Ember
670:S2CID
532:Ember
421:Iskra
416:Lenin
354:Fires
252:steel
248:flint
80:fires
74:, by
61:spark
54:Japan
50:Tokyo
21:Spark
1555:Fire
1473:Punk
1153:ISBN
1098:ISBN
1069:ISBN
1030:ISBN
999:ISBN
966:ISBN
937:ISBN
912:ISBN
888:ISBN
856:ISBN
780:ISBN
755:PMID
658:2019
629:ISBN
603:ISBN
561:ISBN
385:soot
362:coal
250:and
215:and
183:and
157:zinc
84:wood
745:PMC
737:doi
701:doi
697:646
662:doi
402:by
375:or
273:or
106:In
1551::
1151:,
1127:,
1106:,
1092:,
1007:,
993:,
974:,
960:,
864:,
833:,
812:,
788:,
753:.
743:.
731:.
727:.
715:^
695:.
691:.
668:.
656:.
637:,
627:,
597:,
579:^
569:,
555:,
387:.
333:.
317:.
293:.
179:,
122:,
118:,
114:,
110:,
86:.
59:A
52:,
1191:e
1184:t
1177:v
1077:.
945:.
920:.
761:.
739::
733:7
709:.
703::
676:.
664::
451:(
196:-
102:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
