1134:
1715:
1164:
1110:
2285:
1655:
1098:
2033:
1731:
2313:
2273:
1146:
1679:
1997:
2069:
259:), while the remaining 10 percent were either private or belonged to an association. Throughout the 19th century, the services that Sparkassen could provide had been strictly restricted, but these restrictions were loosened as joint-stock banks, starting with Deutsche Bank, started competing for the collection of retail savings. In 1909, new legislation allowed the Sparkassen to offer checking and related payment accounts. This change fostered the creation of regional public entities that cleared payments between different Sparkassen, known as
2057:
1703:
1691:
1315:
2045:
2241:(12%) and the Lower Saxon Sparkassenverband (44%). Landesbausparkasse Hessen-Thüringen is majority-owned (68.85%) by the regional Sparkassenverband but also has stakes from the two Länder of Hesse and Thuringia as well as from the two Sparkassenverbände of North Rhine-Westphalia and two legal entities of the Finanzgruppe, FIDES Alpha and FIDES Beta. Landesbausparkasse Saar is owned by the Land (74.9%) and the Sparkassenverband (25.1%) of Saarland. For the others, the relevant regional association(s) are the sole
36:
1122:
2297:
747:
2021:
2009:
1667:
140:
2372:
2615:
national sub-funds ("system-wide equalization"). The exact formula for such equalization, however, has not been made clear in the public domain, and the protection is in no way automatic but instead relies on voting within the
Sparkassenverbände and other managers of the relevant sub-funds. The corresponding uncertainty has generated concerns from the supervisors at the
292:, the Imperial German government leveraged the network of Sparkassen to place war bonds, marking the beginning of their activity in the securities space. In 1921, further legislative changes enabled them to underwrite and sell securities more broadly, thus allowing them to act practically as universal banks. The Sparkassen, however, were severely impacted by
2665:
to upgrade its ratings of IPS members and specifically of the
Landesbanks, noting: "The revised statutes result in a more rule-based IPS that implements an early intervention system with clearly identified triggers and timely escalation of decision-making steps as well as increased ex-ante funds over
2347:
Until 8 June 2011, DekaBank was owned by the DSGV and
Landesbanks which grouped the shares in the GLB GmbH & Co.OHG, which held the DekaBank shares. On 7 April 2011, the Savings Banks bought the 50% stake from the landesbanken for €2.3 billion to become sole owner of the DekaBank. The acquisition
2623:
and partial reform of the IPS adopted by the DSGV in August 2021. A new national protection fund is to be set up with 2.6 billion euro to be paid in by the
Sparkassen and Landesbanken between 2025 and 2032, which is expected to allow for faster intervention in future cases of need, complementing the
2614:
Each of the regional sub-funds absorbs losses as needed to preventively support a member entity in need, unless it is itself depleted in which case it is in turn supported by the other regional sub-funds on a proportional basis ("supra-regional equalization") and, if further needed, also by the two
2631:
in 2019, in which the IPS contributed 1.2 billion euro in fresh equity in addition to contributions by the relevant Länder. This case also highlighted the protracted nature of the
Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe's IPS decision-making process, with a delay of nearly five months from the IPS's intervention
432:
implies a form of control that is not legally considered ownership, but it is functionally similar to ownership. This is because
Sparkasse is an independent public entity, but the Träger holds governance rights that resemble ownership. As a result, most Sparkassen are overseen by locally elected
2699:
since it was still affiliated with the
Institution Protection Scheme. Neither the foreign branches of Landesbanken nor any of their subsidiaries, whether domestic or foreign, are included, and neither are the foreign branches of Landesbausparkassen. On that basis, the group had total aggregated
245:
Between 1850 and 1903, the idea of the municipal savings banks spread further, and the number of savings banks in
Germany increased from 630 to 2834. In 1913, of the 1765 Sparkassen that operated in Prussia alone, about 90 percent belonged to either a city or a county
1288:
and provide the whole spectrum of banking services for private and commercial medium-sized customers. 50 million customers maintain business activities with savings banks. Although independent and regionally spread, the savings banks act as one unit under the brand
2380:
232:, founded in 1801, which was the first established with a municipal guarantor whereas earlier foundations had been initiated by merchants, clerics or academics (Hamburg later created its own municipal savings banks in 1827). In 1838, the
2686:
The
Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe publishes unaudited, unconsolidated, aggregated financial statements of the German activities of its group entities, in line with the disclosure requirement for IPSs enshrined in Article 113(7)(e) of the EU
1261:
Fulfilling public interests is still one of the most significant characteristics of public banks in general and the savings banks in particular. Although public interest is very unspecific, objects of those companies are usually:
767:
and founded in 1924. It operates as an umbrella organization to facilitate decision-making processes, coordinate strategy, and represent its members' political and regulatory interests at the national and international levels.
498:) stipulates that entities of the Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe such as Sparkassen or public insurers have a local monopoly within the group within the geographical area in which they are established, namely the territory of their
799:
2229:). Some, like LBS Ost and Bausparkasse Schleswig-Holstein-Hamburg, are joint-stock companies, while others are public-sector entities. Bausparkasse Schleswig-Holstein-Hamburg is owned by the Sparkassenverband (57.5%) and
1179:
in a decentralized structure. Each savings bank is independent, locally managed and concentrates its business activities on customers in the territory in which it is situated under the
Regional Principle. In general,
448:
also provided explicit financial guarantees to the institutions they controlled, but these guarantees were mostly phased out under an agreement concluded on 17 July 2001 between a group of German negotiators and the
962:
242:), which unified the legal status of the 234 savings banks then existing under its jurisdiction and put them under the regime of the respective local governments; it served as a model for other German polities.
2767:
The S-shaped logo of the Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe is one of Germany's most recognizable brand images. It was introduced in 1938 and given its present form, with the trademark red color, in 1972 by designer
1195:
As banks under public law, the vast majority of Sparkassen have a public mandate which requires that they serve their local stakeholders and local communities. Five institutions known as "free Sparkassen"
2222:
The first Landesbausparkassen were established in 1929. The corporate forms and ownership structures of the Landesbausparkassen are diverse, even though all involve one or several regional associations
2575:
820:
2650:
2634:
2487:
2470:
2446:
2433:
2392:
1621:
1198:
773:
644:
615:
593:
577:
530:
504:
478:
415:
392:
360:
248:
1970:
1906:
1361:. They also provide many services for the savings banks in the region in securities and cross-country businesses. In contrast to savings banks, they do wholesale banking rather than retail banking.
941:
1948:
2101:) and low-interest residential mortgage loans, with a share of the German mortgage market of about one-third and cumulative assets of €74.5 billion.. As of 2022 they were, from north to south:
1033:
1340:
through its regional association and the respective federal states. In total, the assets of the Landesbanks have shrunk by 45 percent, or more than €702 billion, between end-2008 and end-2017.
1133:
2344:(DGZ), established in 1918 as a national hub for the savings banks' regional giro associations, and Deka (Deutsche Kapitalanlagegesellschaft), an investment company established in 1956.
369:
1822:
991:
920:
2560:
1886:
899:
788:
are statutory members. They are responsible for coordination between savings banks in a region, and manage the regional sub-funds that participate in the Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe's
2678:
for all its member banks. in August 2021, the DSGV members unanimously adopted a resolution to reform the system and establish a Deposit Insurance Fund, gradually from 2024-2025.
866:
2385:
1928:
1145:
1077:
3377:
Das öffentlich-rechtliche Kreditgewerbe: eine empirische Analyse zur Struktureffizienz und zur Unternehmensgröße im Sparkassensektor, Dt. Universitäts-Verlag, Wiesbaden 2004,
1109:
624:
1742:
3072:
2415:
The internal legal and financial arrangements of the Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe are complex, in line with its largely decentralized structure that mirrors its long history.
1784:
1714:
792:(except in Berlin where a special arrangement is in place). They also act as auditors and operate regional savings bank academies for educational and training purposes.
2916:
2755:
Most entities of the Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe have no external auditors but are audited instead by audit entities of the group itself. Some group-level entities such as
1054:
845:
2859:
458:
2791:
2532:
The Landesbanks' sub-fund includes the six remaining such institutions (BayernLB, Helaba, LBBW, NORD/LB, SaarLB, and Landesbank Berlin AG) as well as the national
1248:
1210:
1012:
804:
3502:
1343:
The Landesbanks have traditionally acted as central financial services providers for regional savings bank association and as the "main bank" of the respective
342:
2431:. The Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe IPS is complex and its contractual details are not made public. It started in 1969 with the establishment of protection schemes (
2087:
1349:. They are also local banks, mortgage banks and general commercial banks. Their duties and powers are codified in the individual banking laws of the Länder (
2379:
As of end-2020, the Savings banks network maintained a total of 769 foundations in Germany, with total capital of €2.72 billion. At the national level, the
441:) cannot be sold, and it does not grant rights to the Sparkasse's financial surplus, which is typically retained or used for local public welfare projects.
1860:
653:
3774:
3437:
673:
2032:
2891:
1221:
513:
102:
967:
329:
The Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe is highly idiosyncratic, and its description requires understanding of key notions that are unique to its German context.
2872:
2827:
2807:
2720:
2586:
711:
487:
2284:
1654:
296:: their deposit base shrunk from nearly 32 billion marks in late 1918 (up from 19 billion in 1913) to a mere 608 million Reichsmarks at end-1924.
2922:
2840:
2068:
3361:
3571:
1996:
1121:
664:, abbreviated as LBS; sometimes translated into English as "building and loan associations") and 7 LBS real estate companies: 7,392 employees
825:
692:
2056:
2742:
2545:
2044:
1975:
1280:
amount to about €1 trillion. The 431 savings banks operate a network of over 15,600 branches and offices and employ over 250,000 people.
1911:
3808:
3523:
2731:
2597:
1087:(VFS), exists for Sparkassen that are (or recently were) joint-stock companies. The latter are members of both the respective regional
946:
1953:
2580:
1097:
1038:
2020:
2674:
In line with the EU Deposit Guarantee Scheme Directive of 2014, the IPS of the Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe is also designated as the
2620:
2272:
275:, soon followed by those for Bavaria (1914), the Rhineland (1914), Thuringia (1915), Silesia (1916), and from 1916, the national
3755:
2703:
The following entities are members of the IPS even though they are not included in the group's scope of accounting aggregation:
1678:
2780:
The leading public figure of the Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe at the national level is the President of the DSGV, also known as the
1163:
3776:
Rating Action: Moody's upgrades Landesbank Baden-Wuerttemberg's long-term deposit and senior unsecured ratings; stable outlook
3675:
3394:
3337:
760:
293:
205:
374:
2428:
2340:
it provides asset management and other services for the Sparkassen and Landesbanks. It resulted in 1999 from the merger of
1827:
996:
925:
2565:
355:
3803:
3630:
2955:
1891:
904:
3382:
3120:
3005:
1702:
871:
3051:
2296:
1690:
3592:
3481:
3026:
Andreas Hackethal (2004). "German Banks and Banking Structure". In Jan P. Krahnen & Reinhard H. Schmidt (ed.).
1933:
1082:
2008:
2688:
2424:
789:
300:
80:
1368:
571:
In late 2020, the Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe included 520 member entities, as described in its 2021 Annual Report:
3444:
3300:
2910:
1666:
629:
557:, linked to the fact that, as in Hamburg, they have Sparkassen under the legal-form of joint-stock companies (
299:
In 1934, all savings banks were designated as credit institutions under new banking legislation following the
20:
3273:
2627:
The DSGV does not generally disclose cases or amounts of IPS interventions. One known case was the rescue of
1747:
3736:
3547:
3250:
3194:
3053:
2946:
2961:
1789:
201:
3425:
3410:
3737:"Institutional Protection Schemes: What are their differences, strengths, weaknesses, and track records?"
3122:
Army Service Forces Manual M356-5 / Military Government Handbook - Germany - Section 5: Money and Banking
2716:
2316:
1059:
850:
3697:
2407:, also known as Deutsche Sparkassenstiftung, centralizes actions in favor of international development.
3613:
2864:
2462:
3524:"BayernLB Holding AG (Bayerische Landesbank): Public Section of 2022 §165(d) Tailored Resolution Plan"
2332:
with its subsidiaries is the central asset manager of the German Savings Bank Finance Group. Based in
1296:
The size of savings banks differs widely depending on the economy in their region. While the biggest,
463:
3798:
2796:
2712:
2537:
2238:
1253:
1215:
1017:
387:
317:
were nationalized and separated from the rest of the network in 1945, but reintegrated into it after
3709:
2423:
The core feature of the Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe is a set of mutual support arrangements known as an
1730:
2666:
time, which, in the view of the rating agency, increase the likelihood and timeliness of support".
1364:
After multiple mergers and restructurings, five Landesbanken operated in Germany as of late 2022:
1240:
763:(DSGV, self-translated as "German Savings Banks Association") is a nonprofit association, based in
2691:. Specifically, the scope of aggregation in 2021 (report on the financial year 2020) included all
2504:, covering all of Germany except Berlin which relies on the reserve fund of the Landesbank Berlin;
347:
3734:
2981:
2708:
2696:
2628:
2608:
1502:
2168:
2128:
1817:
1801:
1558:
1524:
1462:
956:
935:
885:
1236:
3097:
2616:
2341:
2092:
1865:
1426:
658:
282:
3099:
Delegated Monitors, Large and Small: The Development of Germany's Banking System, 1800-1914
2206:
1855:
1805:
1775:
1619:(LBB) does not belong in the same category as it was converted into a joint-stock company (
1382:
1006:
678:
410:
318:
3052:
Sparkassenhistorisches Dokumentationszentrum des Deutschen Sparkassen- und Giroverbandes,
2700:
assets of €2.4 trillion as of end-2020, of which 1.4 trillion in the local savings banks.
2348:
was closed on 8 June 2011 and DekaBank became fully, directly owned by the savings banks.
2312:
2202:
1943:
1843:
1392:
1378:
1151:
LBBW building in Stuttgart, hosting the head office of Sparkassenverband Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
1048:
8:
2896:
2458:
2230:
1297:
1232:
1226:
725:
518:
450:
107:
2375:
Head office of the German Savings Banks Foundation for International Cooperation in Bonn
3355:
3165:
3157:
2877:
2832:
2812:
2756:
2725:
2662:
2591:
2533:
2114:
1809:
1532:
814:
716:
667:
559:
550:
492:
233:
54:
1357:
include central clearing for cashless payments and liquidity funding for the regional
154:
3671:
3390:
3378:
3343:
3333:
3229:
3169:
2885:
2675:
2444:) on a regional basis, expanded to the Landesbanks through a community of liability (
1616:
607:
525:
272:
3149:
2845:
686:
639:
553:
have less restrictive legislation on the Regional Principle than the other German
19:
This article is about the German savings banks group. For the Austrian group, see
2654:
2638:
2491:
2474:
2468:
As of 2021, the Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe IPS included 13 participating sub-funds (
2450:
2437:
2396:
2097:("Land-level building savings banks") is collective real estate saving products (
1625:
1566:
1314:
1266:
providing financial and monetary services in economically underdeveloped regions;
1202:
1176:
777:
648:
619:
597:
581:
534:
508:
482:
419:
405:
396:
364:
252:
3735:
Rainer Haselmann; Jan Pieter Krahnen; Tobias H. Tröger; Mark Wahrenburg (2022).
2853:
1300:, had total assets of €37.7 billion and 5,500 employees in 2009, the smallest (
1285:
1192:
are usually single municipalities or several municipalities within a district.
35:
3347:
2363:(Corporates and Markets), the sales division or one of the corporate centers.
2351:
3,700 people throughout the group work in one of the three business divisions
2188:
1570:
1023:
746:
3792:
3261:
2136:
1597:
FIDES Alpha and Gamma are trustee entities for the regional sub-funds of the
1548:
1528:
893:
697:
2570:; Frankfurter Bankgesellschaft (Deutschland) AG, a subsidiary of Helaba via
3327:
2772:. Erste Bank in Austria also uses said logo under license since the 1950s.
2747:
2692:
2550:
2154:
1987:
1965:
1923:
1877:
1538:
1520:
1493:
Westphalia-Lippe, FIDES Alpha, and FIDES Beta (4.75 percent each), and the
1358:
1354:
1337:
1281:
1189:
914:
314:
310:
225:
177:
3247:
Fakten, Analysen, Positionen: Zur Geschichte der Sparkassen in Deutschland
229:
3329:
Banking on the state : the political economy of public savings banks
3285:
2950:
2934:
2736:
2602:
2124:
1771:
1738:
The nine public insurers that belong to the Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe are:
1454:
881:
731:
Sparkassen Rating und Risikosysteme GmbH (risk management): 311 employees
454:
289:
169:
3161:
3137:
2769:
2704:
2541:
2266:) by merger of Bausparkasse Schleswig-Holstein-Hamburg AG and LBS Ost.
1541:(56.76 percent), FIDES Gamma and FIDES Delta (12.27 percent each), the
1333:
1326:
1325:
For the history of consolidation that led to today's Landesbanken, see
952:
705:
602:
2160:
1636:
rescued it and took full ownership through two of its legal entities,
931:
2333:
2198:
2182:
2174:
1939:
1851:
1839:
1494:
1466:
1444:
1402:
1372:
1044:
985:
973:
176:
and in all of Europe. Its name refers to local government-controlled
3153:
2571:
2457:) in 1973, and was reformed in 2005 following negotiations with the
2254:) was formed by merger of LBS Bayern and LBS SĂĽdwest; LBS NordWest (
670:(asset management and wholesale financial services): 4,711 employees
3614:"Überall in Deutschland: Die öffentlichen Erstversicherungsgruppen"
2940:
2928:
2329:
2324:
2192:
1779:
1582:
1576:
1410:
1027:
228:. Other accounts emphasize the significance of the savings bank of
209:
3249:
Nr. 45, Publisher: Deutscher Sparkassen- und Giroverband, P.10.,
3138:"German Banking between the Wars: The Crisis of the Credit Banks"
2556:
2216:
2146:
2120:
2110:
2106:
1897:
1813:
1763:
1516:
1506:
1420:
1127:
Rheinischer Sparkassen- und Giroverband head office in Dusseldorf
1069:
910:
839:
831:
542:
221:
173:
2145:
Norddeutsche Landesbausparkasse Berlin – Hannover (LBS Nord) in
1607:, and FIDES Beta and Delta are trustees for the sub-fund of the
2555:, a private bank once owend by WestLB and subsequentlty by the
2401:
Deutsche Sparkassenstiftung fĂĽr internationale Kooperation e.V.
2337:
2234:
2212:
2164:
2150:
2140:
2132:
1901:
1881:
1767:
1759:
1512:
1448:
1440:
1414:
1386:
1247:
are charitable foundations. They are members of the VFS, as is
1065:
977:
889:
877:
860:
856:
835:
764:
339:
In the context of the Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe, the German word
2381:
German Savings Banks Foundation for International Cooperation
2178:
1847:
1478:
1458:
1002:
981:
546:
143:
132:
2759:, however, publish externally audited financial statements.
1645:
Beteiligungsgesellschaft der S-Finanzgruppe mbH & Co. KG
2585:; and two specialized arms of the Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe,
2404:
1633:
1604:
1603:
within the Institutional Protection Scheme (IPS) under the
810:
354:("holder") refers to the owner-like relationship between a
172:
that together form the largest financial services group in
75:
3670:, Publisher: Institut fĂĽr bankhistorische Forschung e.V.,
2624:
existing IPS setup of 13 regional and sectoral sub-funds.
3424:, Publisher: Deutscher Sparkassen- und Giroverband, P.4.
3409:, Publisher: Deutscher Sparkassen- und Giroverband, P.3.
2958:, the other large German network of non-joint-stock banks
2371:
2074:
Head office of BGV / Badische Versicherungen in Karlsruhe
2050:
Head office of Sparkassen-Versicherung Sachsen in Dresden
3389:
Der Genossenschaftliche Bankensektor, Grin-Verlag 2008,
1269:
supporting saving processes and accumulation of capital;
1209:) are or recently were joint-stock companies. They are:
1115:
Sparkassenverband Westfalen-Lippe head office in MĂĽnster
524:, German acronym SpkG) which is specific to each of the
309:, again participated in war financing before and during
3010:
German Sparkassenstiftung for International Cooperation
2260:) by merger of LBS Nord and LBS West; and LBS NordOst (
2062:
Head office of Ă–ffentliche Versicherung in Braunschweig
1983:
Feuersozietät für die ostfriesischen Städte und Flecken
1639:
Erwerbsgesellschaft der S-Finanzgruppe mbH & Co. KG
3230:"The Annual Report of the Savings Banks Finance Group"
3105:, New Haven CT: Yale University Economic Growth Center
1304:) had only €129.6 million in assets and 45 employees.
1139:
Sparkassenverband Rheinland-Pfalz head office in Mainz
702:(publishing and other group services): 2,100 employees
610:
which is directly owned by the DSGV): 33,502 employees
3118:
2263:
Landesbausparkasse NordOst, Hamburg, Kiel und Potsdam
2026:
Head office of SV Sparkassenversicherung in Stuttgart
741:
192:. Its activity is overwhelmingly located in Germany.
3642:
3195:"Institutional Protection Schemes in German Banking"
2987:. Finanzgruppe Deutscher Sparkassen- und Giroverband
2917:
Südtiroler Sparkasse – Cassa di Risparmio di Bolzano
3095:
2002:
Head office of Versicherungskammer Bayern in Munich
502:. It is established in the Sparkassen legislation (
303:. The savings banks group, designated from 1935 as
217:
Ersparungsclasse der Allgemeinen Versorgungsanstalt
3643:Overview of the regional based Landesbausparkassen
3296:
3294:
2418:
1272:strengthening competition in the banking industry.
800:Sparkassen- und Giroverband fĂĽr Schleswig-Holstein
168:("Savings Banks Financial Group") is a network of
3025:
2923:Banque et Caisse d'Épargne de l'État – Spuerkeess
2711:, Frankfurter Bankgesellschaft (Deutschland) AG,
2257:Landesbausparkasse NordWest, MĂĽnster und Hannover
2248:Further consolidation happened in 2023: LBS SĂĽd (
1919:Braunschweigische Landesbrandversicherungsanstalt
3790:
2982:"Finanzbericht 2023 der Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe"
2695:, Landesbanken, Landesbausparkassen, as well as
2544:; the defunct WestLB's "bad bank", Portigon AG;
1258:despite its current public-sector legal status.
424:Kreis, Landkreis, kreisfreie Stadt or Stadtkreis
3291:
3135:
2632:decision to the agreement on basic principles (
2119:Ostdeutsche Landesbausparkasse AG (LBS Ost) in
1293:with its iconic logo and recognizable red hue.
784:) are statutory bodies, of which savings banks
3753:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3037:
2211:Bayerische Landesbausparkasse (LBS Bayern) in
2159:Westdeutsche Landesbausparkasse (LBS West) in
2105:Bausparkasse Schleswig-Holstein-Hamburg AG in
1429:(75 percent minus one share) and the Bavarian
737:51 capital investment companies: 179 employees
721:(car loans and consumer credit): 530 employees
224:in 1778, is widely viewed as the first modern
3631:DSGV-Website-Organisation-Landesbausparkassen
3192:
2251:Landesbausparkasse SĂĽd, Stuttgart und MĂĽnchen
386:. Examples of such local govern entities are
236:adopted the first savings banks legislation (
3756:"Sparkassen einigen sich auf Sicherungstopf"
3471:, Deutscher Sparkassen Verlag GmbH, P.36-38.
3400:
3316:, Deutscher Sparkassen Verlag GmbH, P.15/16.
3286:Verband der deutschen freien Sparkassen e.V.
3114:
3112:
2818:
2781:
2523:
2514:
2508:
2499:
2261:
2255:
2249:
2224:
2038:Head office of VGH Versicherungen in Hanover
1981:
1959:
1917:
1871:
1833:
1795:
1753:
1643:
1637:
1608:
1598:
1586:
1561:(1.83 percent and 1.27 percent respectively)
1552:
1551:(6.42 percent), and holding entities of the
1542:
1488:
1482:
1477:of Hesse and Thuringia (68,85 percent), the
1472:
1430:
1396:
1344:
963:Sparkassen- und Giroverband Hessen-ThĂĽringen
751:
689:and other leasing companies: 3,441 employees
381:
340:
304:
276:
266:
260:
237:
215:
187:
181:
113:
3772:
3034:
3021:
3019:
2669:
3360:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3091:
3089:
3087:
2681:
1076:In addition, a dedicated association, the
34:
3566:
3564:
3542:
3540:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3125:, Washington DC: U.S. Army Service Forces
3109:
2661:) in early 2024 led credit rating agency
2576:Frankfurter Bankgesellschaft (Schweiz) AG
2485:eleven regional Savings Banks sub-funds (
2359:(Asset Management Real Estate Business),
821:Hanseatischer Sparkassen- und Giroverband
3687:DekaBank Group Annual Report 2010, P.19.
3654:DekaBank Group Annual Report 2010, P.18.
3188:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3016:
2370:
2311:
1971:Ostfriesische Landschaftliche Brandkasse
1729:
1313:
1162:
745:
563:) as opposed to public-sector entities.
453:represented by Competition Commissioner
3730:
3728:
3726:
3708:DSGV press release No.55 on 08.06.2011
3696:DSGV press release No.36 on 07.04.2011
3325:
3084:
3065:
2173:Landesbausparkasse Hessen-ThĂĽringen in
1734:Public insurers coverage map in Germany
1720:Landesbank Berlin head office in Berlin
942:Rheinischer Sparkassen- und Giroverband
3791:
3720:DekaBank Group Annual Report, P.19-21.
3561:
3537:
3205:
3055:Geschichte der Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe
2079:
3175:
2498:) managed by the respective regional
2410:
2319:in Frankfurt, head office of DekaBank
1907:Ă–ffentliche Versicherung Braunschweig
761:Deutscher Sparkassen- und Giroverband
734:SIZ GmbH (IT security): 281 employees
471:
206:Deutscher Sparkassen- und Giroverband
3723:
3301:DSGV-Website-Organisation-Sparkassen
3119:Federal Reserve Board (March 1945),
2596:(car loans and consumer credit) and
2355:(Asset Management Capital Markets),
2302:LBS SĂĽdwest head office in Stuttgart
2014:Head office of Provinzial in MĂĽnster
1949:Ă–ffentliche Versicherungen Oldenburg
1547:of Lower Saxony (9.16 percent), the
955:, covering the southwestern part of
934:, covering the northeastern part of
3469:Die deutsche Sparkassenorganisation
3314:Die deutsche Sparkassenorganisation
2949:in France, including its successor
1873:Landschaftliche Brandkasse Hannover
1034:Sparkassenverband Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
545:, which has no SpkG. The states of
13:
3274:DSGV-Website-Organisation-Verbände
3080:, Deutscher Sparkassenverlag, 2018
2956:German Cooperative Financial Group
1725:
742:National and regional associations
444:Until the early 21st century, the
16:Network of public banks in Germany
14:
3820:
3809:Government-owned banks of Germany
3754:Markus FrĂĽhauf (25 August 2021).
2645:) for NordLB's recapitalization.
2522:a national sub-fund of the eight
1823:SV Sparkassenversicherung Holding
1755:General Brandversicherungsanstalt
1684:SaarLB head office in SaarbrĂĽcken
1585:(74.90 percent) and the regional
1336:are mostly owned by the regional
992:Sparkassenverband Rheinland-Pfalz
921:Sparkassenverband Westfalen-Lippe
708:(property lending): 593 employees
566:
358:and a public-sector institution (
3618:Verband öffentlicher Versicherer
2648:A revision of the IPS statutes (
2561:Mittelbrandenburgische Sparkasse
2295:
2283:
2271:
2067:
2055:
2043:
2031:
2019:
2007:
1995:
1961:Oldenburgischen Landesbrandkasse
1713:
1701:
1689:
1677:
1665:
1653:
1167:Saving banks coverage in Germany
1144:
1132:
1120:
1108:
1096:
795:They are, from north to south:
139:
138:
3766:
3747:
3714:
3702:
3690:
3681:
3657:
3648:
3636:
3624:
3606:
3585:
3516:
3495:
3474:
3461:
3430:
3415:
3368:
3319:
3306:
3279:
3267:
3255:
3240:
2689:Capital Requirements Regulation
2429:Capital Requirements Regulation
2425:Institutional Protection Scheme
2419:Institutional protection scheme
2290:LBS West head office in MĂĽnster
2278:LBS Nord head office in Hanover
2086:The core business of the eight
1887:Sparkassen-Versicherung Sachsen
1672:Helaba head office in frankfurt
1307:
900:Sparkassenverband Niedersachsen
790:institutional protection scheme
370:Anstalt des öffentlichen Rechts
324:
81:Institutional Protection Scheme
3664:Chronik der DekaBank 1999-2007
3129:
2998:
2974:
2366:
2233:(42.5%). LBS Nord is owned by
2197:Landesbausparkasse SĂĽdwest in
1708:BayernLB head office in Munich
1395:(40.53 percent), the regional
1353:). The specific tasks for the
867:Ostdeutscher Sparkassenverband
771:The 12 regional associations (
683:(IT services): 4,474 employees
126:Banking and financial services
1:
2967:
2775:
1929:BGV / Badische Versicherungen
1696:LBBW head office in Stuttgart
1660:NordLB head office in Hanover
1184:are not profit oriented. The
1156:
1078:Verband der Freien Sparkassen
750:Coverage map of the regional
278:Deutscher Zentral-Giroverband
3711: ; accessed: 13.06.2011
3699: ; accessed: 13.06.2011
3645: ; accessed: 13.06.2011
3633: ; accessed: 13.06.2011
3572:"NORD/LB Group Presentation"
3427: ; accessed: 13.06.2011
3412: ; accessed: 13.06.2011
3288: ; accessed: 13.06.2011
3276: ; accessed: 13.06.2011
3264: ; accessed: 13.06.2011
3252: ; accessed: 13.06.2011
3148:(3), Harvard College: 554–,
3096:Timothy W. Guinnane (2001),
2962:German public banking sector
2427:(IPS) in EU law, namely the
1835:Brand-Assecurations-Societät
1481:(8,10 percent), the Rhenish
1369:Landesbank Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
403:), union of municipalities (
306:Wirtschaftsgruppe Sparkassen
202:German public banking sector
180:that are known in German as
7:
3512:. November 2022. p. 6.
3482:"LBBW company presentation"
3028:The German Financial System
2911:Sparkassengruppe Ă–sterreich
2904:
2820:Geschäftsführender Direktor
2803:1935–1945: Johannes Heintze
2762:
2507:a national sub-fund of the
2307:
2187:Landesbausparkasse Saar in
1642:(owning 89.37 percent) and
1441:Landesbank Hessen-ThĂĽringen
1435:(25 percent plus one share)
613:9 public insurance groups (
591:6 regional banking groups (
271:was established in 1909 in
71:Deutscher Sparkassenverband
21:Sparkassengruppe Ă–sterreich
10:
3825:
3438:"Sparkassenrangliste 2009"
3030:. Oxford University Press.
2322:
2139:, and the eastern part of
1743:Versicherungskammer Bayern
1393:State of Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
1324:
1103:DSGV head office in Berlin
199:
195:
18:
3804:Public finance of Germany
3773:Moody's (15 March 2024),
3581:. August 2022. p. 3.
3326:Cassell, Mark K. (2021).
3006:"Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe"
2713:Landesbank Berlin Holding
2538:Landesbank Berlin Holding
1785:Provinzial (Versicherung)
1401:(40.53 percent), and the
1302:Stadtsparkasse Bad Sachsa
575:376 local savings banks (
457:, known in German as the
332:
281:which in 1918 became the
150:
130:
122:
96:
86:
60:
50:
42:
33:
3136:Theo Balderston (1991),
2676:deposit guarantee scheme
2670:Deposit guarantee scheme
2607:(securities brokerage).
2496:SparkassenstĂĽtzungsfonds
1648:(owning 10,63 percent).
1276:The total assets of the
1241:Sparkasse Mittelholstein
1055:Sparkassenverband Bayern
846:Sparkassenverband Berlin
728:companies: 403 employees
625:Ă–ffentlicher Versicherer
476:The Regional Principle (
3491:. July 2022. p. 8.
3332:. Newcastle upon Tyne.
3142:Business History Review
2947:Groupe Caisse d'Épargne
2860:Dietrich H. Hoppenstedt
2709:Deutsche Hypothekenbank
2697:Hamburg Commercial Bank
2682:Accounting and auditing
2629:Norddeutsche Landesbank
2609:Hamburg Commercial Bank
2442:Sicherungseinrichtungen
1503:Norddeutsche Landesbank
1495:Free State of Thuringia
1321:coverage map in Germany
313:. The savings banks in
165:Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe
146:2.492,8 billions (2023)
29:Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe
3668:Die DekaBank seit 1918
3303:; accessed: 13.06.2011
3193:Jakob de Haan (2022).
3074:Die DekaBank seit 1918
2819:
2792:Ernst Eberhard Kleiner
2782:
2658:
2642:
2536:; the Berlin entities
2524:
2515:
2509:
2500:
2495:
2478:
2454:
2441:
2400:
2376:
2320:
2262:
2256:
2250:
2225:
2169:North Rhine-Westphalia
2129:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
1982:
1960:
1918:
1872:
1834:
1818:Mecklemburg-Vorpommern
1802:North Rhine-Westphalia
1796:
1754:
1735:
1644:
1638:
1629:
1609:
1599:
1587:
1559:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
1553:
1549:State of Saxony-Anhalt
1543:
1525:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
1489:
1483:
1473:
1463:North Rhine-Westphalia
1431:
1397:
1345:
1322:
1249:Sparkasse Westholstein
1211:Bordesholmer Sparkasse
1206:
1168:
1013:Sparkassenverband Saar
957:North Rhine-Westphalia
936:North Rhine-Westphalia
886:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
781:
756:
752:
652:
623:
601:
585:
538:
512:
486:
423:
400:
382:
368:
341:
305:
277:
267:
261:
256:
238:
216:
188:
182:
114:
3503:"BayernLB – Factbook"
2643:Grundlagenvereibarung
2617:European Central Bank
2611:left it by end-2021.
2374:
2342:Deutsche Girozentrale
2315:
1922:): parts of southern
1733:
1557:in Saxony-Anhalt and
1539:State of Lower Saxony
1427:Free State of Bavaria
1411:Bayerische Landesbank
1317:
1166:
749:
283:Deutsche Girozentrale
3593:"Finanzbericht 2021"
2207:Rhineland-Palatinate
1986:): parts of western
1964:): parts of western
1856:Rhineland-Palatinate
1854:, eastern fringe of
1806:Rhineland-Palatinate
1797:Hamburger Feuerkasse
1776:Rhineland-Palatinate
1632:) in 2007, when the
1383:Rhineland-Palatinate
1007:Rhineland-Palatinate
809:with head office in
588:): 200,676 employees
459:BrĂĽsseler Konkordanz
319:German reunification
64:18th century: first
46:Public banking group
3741:European Parliament
3199:European Parliament
2783:Sparkassenpräsident
2525:Landesbausparkassen
2459:European Commission
2231:Hamburger Sparkasse
2088:Landesbausparkassen
2081:Landesbausparkassen
1351:Landesbankengesetze
1298:Hamburger Sparkasse
1237:Sparkasse zu LĂĽbeck
1233:Hamburger Sparkasse
635:): 26,680 employees
451:European Commission
239:Sparkassenreglement
115:Sparkassenpräsident
30:
3557:. 2022. p. 6.
2501:Sparkassenverbände
2411:Group arrangements
2377:
2321:
2226:Sparkassenverbände
2115:Schleswig-Holstein
1861:VGH Versicherungen
1810:Schleswig-Holstein
1736:
1630:Aktiengesellschaft
1600:Sparkassenverbände
1533:Schleswig-Holstein
1323:
1169:
815:Schleswig-Holstein
782:Sparkassenverbände
757:
753:Sparkassenverbände
654:Landesbausparkasse
640:building societies
560:Aktiengesellschaft
551:Schleswig-Holstein
472:Regional principle
437:position (German:
234:Kingdom of Prussia
55:Financial services
28:
3676:978-3-09-303815-0
3395:978-3-640-71737-8
3339:978-1-78821-197-0
2886:Georg Fahrenschon
2463:state aid control
2239:Landesbank Berlin
2203:Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
1944:Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
1844:Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
1617:Landesbank Berlin
1588:Sparkassenverband
1583:State of Saarland
1544:Sparkassenverband
1490:Sparkassenverband
1484:Sparkassenverband
1474:Sparkassenverband
1432:Sparkassenverband
1403:City of Stuttgart
1398:Sparkassenverband
1379:Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
1089:Sparkassenverband
1049:Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
674:Finanz Informatik
608:Landesbank Berlin
526:states of Germany
433:politicians. The
220:, established in
160:
159:
3816:
3799:Banks of Germany
3783:
3782:
3781:
3770:
3764:
3763:
3751:
3745:
3744:
3732:
3721:
3718:
3712:
3706:
3700:
3694:
3688:
3685:
3679:
3661:
3655:
3652:
3646:
3640:
3634:
3628:
3622:
3621:
3610:
3604:
3603:
3597:
3589:
3583:
3582:
3576:
3568:
3559:
3558:
3552:
3544:
3535:
3534:
3528:
3520:
3514:
3513:
3507:
3499:
3493:
3492:
3486:
3478:
3472:
3465:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3449:
3443:. Archived from
3442:
3434:
3428:
3419:
3413:
3404:
3398:
3375:Andrea Kositzki:
3372:
3366:
3365:
3359:
3351:
3323:
3317:
3310:
3304:
3298:
3289:
3283:
3277:
3271:
3265:
3259:
3253:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3226:
3203:
3202:
3190:
3173:
3172:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3116:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3093:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3049:
3032:
3031:
3023:
3014:
3013:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2986:
2978:
2900:
2892:Helmut Schleweis
2881:
2868:
2849:
2836:
2822:
2816:
2800:
2785:
2751:
2740:
2729:
2653:
2637:
2606:
2595:
2584:
2569:
2554:
2527:
2518:
2512:
2503:
2490:
2473:
2449:
2436:
2395:
2389:
2299:
2287:
2275:
2265:
2259:
2253:
2228:
2096:
2071:
2059:
2047:
2035:
2023:
2011:
1999:
1985:
1979:
1963:
1957:
1937:
1921:
1915:
1895:
1875:
1869:
1837:
1831:
1799:
1793:
1757:
1751:
1717:
1705:
1693:
1681:
1669:
1657:
1647:
1641:
1624:
1612:
1602:
1590:
1556:
1546:
1492:
1486:
1476:
1434:
1400:
1348:
1257:
1230:
1222:Sparkasse Bremen
1219:
1207:freie Sparkassen
1201:
1177:commercial banks
1148:
1136:
1124:
1112:
1100:
1086:
1063:
1042:
1021:
1000:
971:
950:
929:
908:
875:
854:
829:
808:
776:
755:
720:
701:
687:Deutsche Leasing
682:
662:
647:
633:
618:
596:
580:
533:
522:
514:Sparkassengesetz
507:
496:
481:
467:
418:
395:
385:
378:
363:
356:local government
353:
351:
308:
280:
270:
264:
251:
241:
219:
191:
185:
142:
141:
135:
117:
111:
103:Helmut Schleweis
38:
31:
27:
3824:
3823:
3819:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3814:
3813:
3789:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3779:
3771:
3767:
3752:
3748:
3733:
3724:
3719:
3715:
3707:
3703:
3695:
3691:
3686:
3682:
3662:
3658:
3653:
3649:
3641:
3637:
3629:
3625:
3612:
3611:
3607:
3595:
3591:
3590:
3586:
3574:
3570:
3569:
3562:
3550:
3546:
3545:
3538:
3526:
3522:
3521:
3517:
3505:
3501:
3500:
3496:
3484:
3480:
3479:
3475:
3466:
3462:
3453:
3451:
3447:
3440:
3436:
3435:
3431:
3420:
3416:
3405:
3401:
3373:
3369:
3353:
3352:
3340:
3324:
3320:
3311:
3307:
3299:
3292:
3284:
3280:
3272:
3268:
3260:
3256:
3245:
3241:
3228:
3227:
3206:
3191:
3176:
3154:10.2307/3116768
3134:
3130:
3117:
3110:
3102:
3094:
3085:
3077:
3071:
3070:
3066:
3058:
3050:
3035:
3024:
3017:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2979:
2975:
2970:
2907:
2894:
2875:
2873:Heinrich Haasis
2862:
2843:
2830:
2828:Ludwig Poullain
2810:
2808:Fritz Butschkau
2794:
2778:
2765:
2745:
2734:
2723:
2721:S-Kreditpartner
2684:
2672:
2649:
2633:
2600:
2589:
2587:S-Kreditpartner
2578:
2563:
2548:
2486:
2469:
2455:Haftungsverbund
2445:
2432:
2421:
2413:
2391:
2383:
2369:
2327:
2310:
2303:
2300:
2291:
2288:
2279:
2276:
2090:
2084:
2075:
2072:
2063:
2060:
2051:
2048:
2039:
2036:
2027:
2024:
2015:
2012:
2003:
2000:
1973:
1951:
1931:
1909:
1889:
1863:
1825:
1787:
1745:
1728:
1726:Public insurers
1721:
1718:
1709:
1706:
1697:
1694:
1685:
1682:
1673:
1670:
1661:
1658:
1620:
1591:(25.10 percent)
1567:Landesbank Saar
1405:(18.93 percent)
1330:
1312:
1286:universal banks
1251:
1224:
1213:
1197:
1161:
1152:
1149:
1140:
1137:
1128:
1125:
1116:
1113:
1104:
1101:
1080:
1057:
1036:
1015:
994:
965:
944:
923:
902:
869:
848:
823:
802:
772:
744:
714:
712:S-Kreditpartner
695:
676:
656:
643:
627:
614:
592:
576:
569:
529:
516:
503:
490:
488:Regionalprinzip
477:
474:
461:
414:
406:Gemeindeverband
391:
372:
359:
345:
337:
327:
247:
212:
198:
131:
105:
99:
92:
78:
73:
68:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3822:
3812:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3785:
3784:
3765:
3746:
3722:
3713:
3701:
3689:
3680:
3656:
3647:
3635:
3623:
3605:
3584:
3560:
3536:
3515:
3494:
3473:
3467:Klaus Ulrich:
3460:
3429:
3414:
3399:
3367:
3338:
3318:
3312:Klaus Ulrich:
3305:
3290:
3278:
3266:
3254:
3239:
3204:
3174:
3128:
3108:
3083:
3064:
3033:
3015:
2997:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2953:
2944:
2938:
2932:
2926:
2920:
2914:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2890:2017–present:
2888:
2882:
2869:
2856:
2850:
2837:
2824:
2817:(1945–1953 as
2804:
2801:
2777:
2774:
2764:
2761:
2683:
2680:
2671:
2668:
2530:
2529:
2520:
2505:
2420:
2417:
2412:
2409:
2368:
2365:
2323:Main article:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2304:
2301:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2270:
2220:
2219:
2209:
2195:
2185:
2171:
2157:
2143:
2117:
2083:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2073:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1980:(est. 1754 as
1968:
1958:(est. 1764 as
1946:
1938:(est. 1923 in
1926:
1916:(est. 1754 as
1904:
1896:(est. 1992 in
1884:
1870:(est. 1750 as
1858:
1832:(est. 1758 as
1820:
1794:(est. 1676 as
1782:
1752:(est. 1811 as
1727:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1652:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1579:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1535:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1497:(4,05 percent)
1479:State of Hesse
1469:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1423:
1413:(BayernLB) in
1408:
1407:
1406:
1389:
1311:
1306:
1274:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1160:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1095:
1074:
1073:
1052:
1031:
1010:
989:
960:
939:
918:
897:
864:
843:
818:
743:
740:
739:
738:
735:
732:
729:
722:
709:
703:
690:
684:
671:
665:
636:
611:
589:
568:
567:Group entities
565:
473:
470:
336:
331:
326:
323:
301:crisis of 1931
294:hyperinflation
197:
194:
158:
157:
152:
148:
147:
136:
128:
127:
124:
120:
119:
100:
97:
94:
93:
90:
88:
84:
83:
62:
58:
57:
52:
48:
47:
44:
40:
39:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3821:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3778:
3777:
3769:
3761:
3757:
3750:
3742:
3738:
3731:
3729:
3727:
3717:
3710:
3705:
3698:
3693:
3684:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3660:
3651:
3644:
3639:
3632:
3627:
3619:
3615:
3609:
3601:
3594:
3588:
3580:
3573:
3567:
3565:
3556:
3549:
3543:
3541:
3532:
3525:
3519:
3511:
3504:
3498:
3490:
3483:
3477:
3470:
3464:
3450:on 2012-03-25
3446:
3439:
3433:
3426:
3423:
3418:
3411:
3408:
3403:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3383:3-8244-7887-0
3380:
3376:
3371:
3363:
3357:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3335:
3331:
3330:
3322:
3315:
3309:
3302:
3297:
3295:
3287:
3282:
3275:
3270:
3263:
3258:
3251:
3248:
3243:
3235:
3231:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3200:
3196:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3132:
3124:
3123:
3115:
3113:
3101:
3100:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3076:
3075:
3068:
3057:
3056:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3029:
3022:
3020:
3011:
3007:
3001:
2983:
2977:
2973:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2925:in Luxembourg
2924:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2898:
2893:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2861:
2857:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2842:
2841:Helmut Geiger
2838:
2834:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2814:
2809:
2805:
2802:
2798:
2793:
2789:
2788:
2787:
2784:
2773:
2771:
2760:
2758:
2753:
2749:
2744:
2738:
2733:
2727:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2701:
2698:
2694:
2693:Savings Banks
2690:
2679:
2677:
2667:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2630:
2625:
2622:
2618:
2612:
2610:
2604:
2599:
2593:
2588:
2582:
2577:
2573:
2567:
2562:
2558:
2552:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2526:
2521:
2517:
2516:Girozentralen
2511:
2506:
2502:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2484:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2430:
2426:
2416:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2387:
2382:
2373:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2349:
2345:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2326:
2318:
2317:Trianon Tower
2314:
2298:
2293:
2286:
2281:
2274:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2264:
2258:
2252:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2227:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2137:Saxony-Anhalt
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2094:
2089:
2082:
2070:
2065:
2058:
2053:
2046:
2041:
2034:
2029:
2022:
2017:
2010:
2005:
1998:
1993:
1992:
1989:
1984:
1977:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1962:
1955:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1941:
1935:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1920:
1913:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1893:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1874:
1867:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1829:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1791:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1756:
1749:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1732:
1716:
1711:
1704:
1699:
1692:
1687:
1680:
1675:
1668:
1663:
1656:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1640:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1614:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1589:
1584:
1581:owned by the
1580:
1578:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1537:owned by the
1536:
1534:
1530:
1529:Saxony-Anhalt
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1505:(NORD/LB) in
1504:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1471:owned by the
1470:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1439:
1433:
1428:
1425:owned by the
1424:
1422:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1391:owned by the
1390:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1359:savings banks
1356:
1355:savings banks
1352:
1347:
1341:
1339:
1338:savings banks
1335:
1328:
1320:
1316:
1310:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1292:
1287:
1283:
1282:Savings banks
1279:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1223:
1217:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1193:
1191:
1190:savings banks
1187:
1183:
1178:
1174:
1165:
1159:
1147:
1142:
1135:
1130:
1123:
1118:
1111:
1106:
1099:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1091:and the VFS.
1090:
1084:
1079:
1071:
1067:
1061:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1046:
1040:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1019:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1004:
998:
993:
990:
987:
983:
979:
975:
969:
964:
961:
958:
954:
948:
943:
940:
937:
933:
927:
922:
919:
916:
912:
906:
901:
898:
895:
894:Saxony-Anhalt
891:
887:
883:
879:
873:
868:
865:
862:
858:
852:
847:
844:
841:
837:
833:
827:
822:
819:
816:
812:
806:
801:
798:
797:
796:
793:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
769:
766:
762:
754:
748:
736:
733:
730:
727:
723:
718:
713:
710:
707:
704:
699:
694:
691:
688:
685:
680:
675:
672:
669:
666:
663:
660:
655:
650:
646:
641:
637:
634:
631:
626:
621:
617:
612:
609:
605:
604:
599:
595:
590:
587:
583:
579:
574:
573:
572:
564:
562:
561:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
527:
523:
520:
515:
510:
506:
501:
497:
494:
489:
484:
480:
469:
465:
460:
456:
452:
447:
442:
440:
436:
431:
427:
425:
421:
417:
412:
408:
407:
402:
398:
394:
389:
384:
379:
376:
371:
366:
362:
357:
352:
349:
344:
335:
330:
322:
320:
316:
312:
307:
302:
297:
295:
291:
286:
284:
279:
274:
269:
263:
262:Girozentralen
258:
254:
250:
243:
240:
235:
231:
227:
223:
218:
211:
207:
203:
193:
190:
184:
179:
178:savings banks
175:
171:
167:
166:
156:
153:
149:
145:
137:
134:
129:
125:
121:
116:
109:
104:
101:
95:
89:
85:
82:
77:
72:
67:
63:
59:
56:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
32:
26:
22:
3775:
3768:
3759:
3749:
3740:
3716:
3704:
3692:
3683:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3650:
3638:
3626:
3617:
3608:
3602:. p. 7.
3599:
3587:
3578:
3554:
3533:. p. 3.
3530:
3518:
3510:BayernLB.com
3509:
3497:
3488:
3476:
3468:
3463:
3452:. Retrieved
3445:the original
3432:
3421:
3417:
3406:
3402:
3387:Maik Rösler:
3386:
3374:
3370:
3328:
3321:
3313:
3308:
3281:
3269:
3262:DSGV-Website
3257:
3246:
3242:
3233:
3198:
3145:
3141:
3131:
3121:
3098:
3073:
3067:
3054:
3027:
3009:
3000:
2989:. Retrieved
2976:
2854:Horst Köhler
2779:
2766:
2754:
2702:
2685:
2673:
2647:
2626:
2613:
2531:
2510:Landesbanken
2467:
2422:
2414:
2378:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2350:
2346:
2328:
2247:
2242:
2221:
2155:Lower Saxony
2098:
2085:
2080:
1988:Lower Saxony
1966:Lower Saxony
1924:Lower Saxony
1878:Lower Saxony
1737:
1615:
1613:in the IPS.
1610:Landesbanken
1596:
1569:(SaarLB) in
1521:Lower Saxony
1443:(Helaba) in
1363:
1350:
1342:
1334:Landesbanken
1331:
1319:Landesbanken
1318:
1309:Landesbanken
1308:
1301:
1295:
1290:
1277:
1275:
1260:
1244:
1194:
1185:
1181:
1172:
1170:
1157:
1088:
1075:
915:Lower Saxony
794:
785:
770:
758:
606:, including
570:
558:
554:
499:
475:
445:
443:
439:Trägerschaft
438:
434:
429:
428:
404:
388:municipality
380:), i.e. the
338:
333:
328:
325:Key concepts
315:East Germany
311:World War II
298:
288:Also during
287:
268:Girozentrale
265:. The first
244:
226:savings bank
213:
170:public banks
164:
163:
161:
155:sparkasse.de
133:Total assets
87:Headquarters
70:
65:
43:Company type
25:
2951:Groupe BPCE
2935:SpareBank 1
2895: [
2884:2012–2017:
2876: [
2871:2006–2012:
2863: [
2858:1998–2006:
2852:1993–1998:
2844: [
2839:1972–1993:
2831: [
2826:1967–1972:
2811: [
2806:1945–1967:
2795: [
2790:1924–1935:
2746: [
2735: [
2724: [
2717:Portigon AG
2601: [
2590: [
2579: [
2564: [
2549: [
2384: [
2367:Foundations
2215:, covering
2201:, covering
2191:, covering
2189:SaarbrĂĽcken
2177:, covering
2163:, covering
2149:, covering
2125:Brandenburg
2123:, covering
2109:, covering
2091: [
1974: [
1952: [
1942:): west of
1932: [
1910: [
1890: [
1876:): most of
1864: [
1826: [
1788: [
1774:, south of
1772:Brandenburg
1746: [
1571:SaarbrĂĽcken
1455:Brandenburg
1252: [
1225: [
1214: [
1081: [
1068:, covering
1058: [
1047:, covering
1037: [
1026:, covering
1024:SaarbrĂĽcken
1016: [
1005:, covering
995: [
980:, covering
966: [
945: [
924: [
913:, covering
903: [
882:Brandenburg
880:, covering
870: [
859:, covering
849: [
834:, covering
824: [
813:, covering
803: [
715: [
696: [
677: [
657: [
638:8 regional
628: [
517: [
491: [
462: [
455:Mario Monti
373: [
346: [
290:World War I
106: [
3793:Categories
3579:NordLB.com
3555:Helaba.com
3454:2011-06-17
3422:Das Profil
3407:Das Profil
3348:1227268773
2991:2024-09-11
2968:References
2913:in Austria
2776:Leadership
2770:Otl Aicher
2705:Berlin Hyp
2542:Berlin Hyp
1804:, most of
1554:Sparkassen
1371:(LBBW) in
1327:Landesbank
1278:Sparkassen
1182:Sparkassen
1173:Sparkassen
1158:Sparkassen
953:Dusseldorf
706:Berlin Hyp
693:DSV-Gruppe
603:Landesbank
586:Sparkassen
200:See also:
189:Sparkassen
118:since 2018
98:Key people
66:Sparkassen
3600:SaarLB.de
3548:"Satzung"
3385:, P.13.;
3356:cite book
3170:154642962
2943:in Russia
2937:in Norway
2931:in Sweden
2743:Weberbank
2651:‹See Tfd›
2635:‹See Tfd›
2546:Weberbank
2488:‹See Tfd›
2479:Teilfonds
2471:‹See Tfd›
2447:‹See Tfd›
2434:‹See Tfd›
2393:‹See Tfd›
2334:Frankfurt
2199:Stuttgart
2183:Thuringia
2175:Frankfurt
2099:Bausparen
1940:Karlsruhe
1852:Thuringia
1840:Karlsruhe
1622:‹See Tfd›
1467:Thuringia
1445:Frankfurt
1373:Stuttgart
1291:Sparkasse
1199:‹See Tfd›
1045:Stuttgart
986:Thuringia
974:Frankfurt
774:‹See Tfd›
726:factoring
645:‹See Tfd›
616:‹See Tfd›
594:‹See Tfd›
578:‹See Tfd›
541:) except
531:‹See Tfd›
505:‹See Tfd›
479:‹See Tfd›
416:‹See Tfd›
393:‹See Tfd›
383:Sparkasse
361:‹See Tfd›
321:in 1990.
249:‹See Tfd›
230:Göttingen
186:, plural
183:Sparkasse
3678:, P.463.
3531:FDIC.gov
2941:Sberbank
2929:Swedbank
2919:in Italy
2905:See also
2763:Branding
2757:DekaBank
2732:S Broker
2598:S Broker
2534:DekaBank
2330:DekaBank
2325:DekaBank
2308:DekaBank
2193:Saarland
1780:Saarland
1577:Saarland
1243:. Their
1175:work as
1028:Saarland
876:also in
668:DekaBank
411:district
401:Gemeinde
210:DekaBank
123:Products
51:Industry
3760:Faz.net
3489:LBBW.de
3234:dsgv.de
3162:3116768
2663:Moody's
2659:Satzung
2574:-based
2559:-based
2557:Potsdam
2361:C&M
2237:(44%),
2217:Bavaria
2161:MĂĽnster
2147:Hanover
2121:Potsdam
2111:Hamburg
2107:Hamburg
1898:Dresden
1814:Hamburg
1764:Bavaria
1575:covers
1517:Hamburg
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