2320:
303:
2308:
2332:
46:
313:
The NRC SNM access authorization levels (U and R) are given to individuals who are employed by an NRC contractor, licensee, or contractor of a licensee and who requires access to SNM, while NRC employees are given either Q or L depending on their position sensitivity. NRC-R requires the same Tier 3
314:
background investigation as L, and permits access to protected areas in nuclear facilities. NRC-U requires a Tier 5 investigation, similar to Q, and allows access to all three categories of nuclear material. All individuals responsible for the transport of SNM are required to possess NRC-U.
268:
oz) of uranium-235 (contained in uranium enriched to 20 percent or more in U-235 isotope) or 15 grams of uranium-233 or 15 grams of plutonium-239 or the combination of 15 grams when computed by the equation grams = (grams contained U-235) + (grams Pu-239) + (grams U-233);
247:
Less than a formula quantity of strategic special nuclear material but more than 1,000 grams of uranium-235 (contained in uranium enriched to 20 percent or more in the U-235 isotope) or more than 500 grams of uranium-233 or plutonium-239, or in a combined quantity of more than
155:, which contains 0.7% uranium-235 with most of the rest consisting of uranium-238. Since they are the same element, they behave in similar ways and must be separated by their slightly different
1083:
272:
Less than 10,000 grams but more than 1,000 grams of uranium-235 (contained in uranium enriched to 10 percent or more but less than 20 percent in the U-235 isotope); or
1669:
159:. This process is far more difficult than chemical separation. Since highly enriched uranium is required for nuclear weapons, but low-enriched uranium is commonly used in
310:
Individuals with Q access authorization are permitted access to all three categories of SNM, while L access authorization only allows access to categories II and III.
1863:
291:
The NRC defines two levels of
Special Nuclear Material Access Authorization, NRC-U and NRC-R, in addition to the standard Department of Energy Access Authorizations
1271:
798:
251:
10,000 grams (22 pounds) or more of uranium-235 (contained in uranium enriched to 10 percent or more but less than 20 percent in the U-235 isotope).
1093:
1974:
2119:
192:
5 kilograms (11 pounds) or more in any combination computed by the equation grams = (grams contained U-235) + 2.5 (grams U-233 + grams Pu-239).
34:. The NRC divides special nuclear material into three main categories, according to the risk and potential for its direct use in a clandestine
778:
1100:
531:
264:
Less than an amount of special nuclear material of moderate strategic significance (see category II above) but more than 15 grams (0.5
74:. The AEC was given authority to classify materials as fissionable, as well as to control access to such material, along with access to
866:
1369:
275:
10,000 grams or more of uranium-235 (contained in uranium enriched above natural but less than 10 percent in the U-235 isotope).
1608:
151:
than the source material, they can be separated relatively easily through chemical processes. However, Uranium-235 is produced from
1819:
1659:
1598:
248:
1,000 grams (2.2 pounds) when computed by the equation grams = (grams contained U-235) + 2 (grams U-233 + grams Pu-239); or
1739:
1564:
436:
63:
131:
The distinction between SNM and SSNM is due to the fact that uranium-235 is typically found mixed with other isotopes such as
793:
1615:
2336:
1532:
1078:
1043:
116:
The term
Strategic Special Nuclear Material (SSNM) refers to Uranium-235 contained in uranium enriched above 20 percent (
2358:
2230:
1814:
186:
5 kilograms or more of U-235 (11 pounds; contained in uranium enriched to 20 percent or more in the U-235 isotope); or
894:
773:
90:
465:"PART 11—CRITERIA AND PROCEDURES FOR DETERMINING ELIGIBILITY FOR ACCESS TO OR CONTROL OVER SPECIAL NUCLEAR MATERIAL"
2124:
1989:
524:
2067:
1901:
1503:
1381:
1038:
899:
2363:
2057:
1906:
1364:
1831:
1664:
1088:
1016:
27:
464:
2174:
1911:
1620:
1374:
871:
411:
387:
2324:
2237:
2209:
2166:
2131:
1969:
1796:
1734:
1559:
1463:
1349:
817:
517:
2158:
2017:
1696:
1214:
1171:
1023:
2312:
1994:
1603:
1386:
79:
59:
2242:
2084:
1984:
1896:
1105:
991:
951:
763:
2147:
2114:
2089:
1703:
1480:
1286:
1209:
1166:
1149:
1110:
1033:
117:
2072:
1979:
1266:
810:
2273:
2009:
1964:
1426:
1354:
1281:
1276:
1241:
1028:
996:
783:
710:
2184:
1959:
1944:
1261:
1219:
1055:
961:
889:
82:, such materials were redefined as Special Nuclear Material, as well as updated to include
8:
2283:
2094:
1879:
1473:
1341:
1319:
1144:
1001:
768:
730:
563:
160:
243:
Category II (Special nuclear material of moderate strategic significance) is defined as
2263:
1999:
1836:
1763:
1574:
1224:
1194:
1178:
1161:
805:
695:
643:
593:
540:
285:
1331:
1124:
1011:
986:
924:
881:
725:
720:
715:
558:
338:
284:
Individuals with access to special nuclear material require an access authorization (
2179:
1234:
1199:
956:
946:
834:
822:
663:
658:
648:
638:
633:
148:
39:
31:
179:
Category I (Strategic SNM) is defined as SSNM in any combination in a quantity of
2077:
2037:
1491:
1305:
1229:
1204:
1050:
843:
745:
735:
700:
578:
568:
136:
75:
1569:
93:, it took over the responsibility of classifying and controlling access to SNM.
2032:
2027:
2022:
1772:
1679:
1648:
1630:
1154:
1060:
1006:
971:
904:
851:
705:
598:
583:
573:
35:
2052:
2352:
2217:
1508:
914:
755:
490:
1783:
919:
861:
788:
740:
610:
363:
260:
Category III (Special nuclear material of low strategic significance) is:
2194:
1841:
1431:
938:
909:
296:
292:
156:
152:
144:
132:
121:
106:
102:
83:
67:
1547:
2189:
1552:
1542:
670:
623:
588:
509:
125:
110:
71:
2047:
2278:
1921:
1916:
1856:
1525:
1453:
1436:
1421:
1396:
1139:
628:
163:, it is classified both by its quantity and enrichment percentage.
2247:
2199:
2062:
2042:
1441:
1416:
856:
687:
675:
653:
618:
140:
66:
ownership over all 'Fissionable
Materials', explicitly including
1851:
1846:
1826:
1806:
1791:
1674:
1411:
1391:
1359:
89:
After the creation of the
Nuclear Regulatory Commission by the
302:
2268:
2225:
1888:
1744:
1537:
1401:
45:
1749:
1638:
1448:
1406:
459:
457:
196:
These combinations are referred to as a formula quantity.
1722:
1586:
454:
333:
331:
329:
327:
324:
1272:Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future
2350:
491:"Weaknesses in NRC's Security Clearance Program"
482:
404:
200:Formula quantities of Special Nuclear Material
488:
183:2 kilograms (4.4 pounds) or more of Pu-239; or
1975:Small sealed transportable autonomous (SSTAR)
525:
189:2 kilograms (4.4 pounds) or more of U-233; or
171:The NRC defines the three categories of SNM.
143:, and Uranium-233 is made the same way using
429:
28:United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission
532:
518:
16:Classification of fissile nuclear material
1887:
301:
101:Special Nuclear Material refers only to
44:
2351:
1902:Liquid-fluoride thorium reactor (LFTR)
539:
380:
356:
2144:
1907:Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment (MSRE)
1316:
1303:
513:
2331:
1304:
38:or for its use in the production of
1912:Integral Molten Salt Reactor (IMSR)
120:), as well as any concentration of
78:. Under the amended version of the
13:
1721:
872:Positron-emission tomography (PET)
441:United States Department of Energy
437:"DOE O 472.2A, Personnel Security"
14:
2375:
895:Neutron capture therapy of cancer
794:Radioisotope thermoelectric (RTG)
2330:
2319:
2318:
2306:
1995:Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR)
139:by irradiating Uranium-238 with
1084:Historical stockpiles and tests
255:
1985:Energy Multiplier Module (EM2)
867:Single-photon emission (SPECT)
238:
198:
1:
2313:Nuclear technology portal
489:Keith G. Fultz (1989-03-15).
339:"Safeguard Categories of SNM"
317:
174:
166:
135:. Plutonium-239 is made in a
42:for use in a nuclear weapon.
2175:Field-reversed configuration
1785:Uranium Naturel Graphite Gaz
306:DOE and DOD clearance levels
96:
7:
2132:Aircraft Reactor Experiment
1317:
1079:States with nuclear weapons
147:. Since they are different
10:
2380:
2145:
1970:Liquid-metal-cooled (LMFR)
1094:Tests in the United States
53:
2359:Special nuclear materials
2300:
2256:
2208:
2165:
2155:
2107:
2095:Stable Salt Reactor (SSR)
2008:
1990:Reduced-moderation (RMWR)
1955:
1938:
1878:
1805:
1797:Advanced gas-cooled (AGR)
1771:
1762:
1714:
1694:
1647:
1629:
1585:
1490:
1472:
1340:
1327:
1312:
1299:
1254:
1187:
1132:
1123:
1071:
979:
970:
937:
880:
842:
833:
754:
686:
609:
551:
547:
388:Atomic Energy Act of 1954
364:Atomic Energy Act of 1946
279:
91:Energy Reorganization Act
80:Atomic Energy Act of 1954
60:Atomic Energy Act of 1946
2000:Dual fluid reactor (DFR)
1616:Steam-generating (SGHWR)
952:Electron-beam processing
288:) from the NRC or DOE.
64:Atomic Energy Commission
26:) is a term used by the
20:Special nuclear material
2115:Organic nuclear reactor
1287:Nuclear power phase-out
1210:Nuclear decommissioning
1150:Reactor-grade plutonium
900:Targeted alpha-particle
779:Accidents and incidents
118:Highly Enriched Uranium
49:Highly Enriched Uranium
307:
62:gave the newly-formed
50:
2364:Nuclear proliferation
1277:Anti-nuclear movement
305:
48:
2185:Reversed field pinch
1980:Traveling-wave (TWR)
1464:Supercritical (SCWR)
962:Gemstone irradiation
161:nuclear power plants
1350:Aqueous homogeneous
1145:Reprocessed uranium
818:Safety and security
201:
2264:Dense plasma focus
1179:Actinide chemistry
644:Isotope separation
541:Nuclear technology
412:"Formula quantity"
308:
286:security clearance
199:
51:
2346:
2345:
2296:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2243:Magnetized-target
2140:
2139:
2103:
2102:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1874:
1873:
1758:
1757:
1690:
1689:
1295:
1294:
1250:
1249:
1119:
1118:
1106:Weapon-free zones
933:
932:
925:Radiopharmacology
393:. August 30, 1954
236:
235:
32:fissile materials
2371:
2334:
2333:
2322:
2321:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2221:
2180:Levitated dipole
2150:
2142:
2141:
2090:Helium gas (GFR)
1953:
1952:
1948:
1885:
1884:
1769:
1768:
1719:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1322:
1314:
1313:
1306:Nuclear reactors
1301:
1300:
1200:High-level (HLW)
1130:
1129:
977:
976:
957:Food irradiation
947:Atomic gardening
840:
839:
823:Nuclear meltdown
649:Nuclear material
639:Fissile material
634:Fertile material
549:
548:
534:
527:
520:
511:
510:
504:
503:
501:
500:
495:
486:
480:
479:
477:
476:
461:
452:
451:
449:
448:
433:
427:
426:
424:
423:
408:
402:
401:
399:
398:
392:
384:
378:
377:
375:
374:
369:. August 1, 1946
368:
360:
354:
353:
351:
350:
335:
267:
202:
40:nuclear material
2379:
2378:
2374:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2368:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2342:
2307:
2305:
2288:
2252:
2219:
2204:
2161:
2151:
2146:
2136:
2099:
2004:
1949:
1942:
1941:
1926:
1870:
1801:
1776:
1754:
1726:
1708:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1686:
1652:
1643:
1625:
1590:
1581:
1495:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1468:
1382:Natural fission
1336:
1335:
1323:
1318:
1308:
1291:
1267:Nuclear weapons
1246:
1205:Low-level (LLW)
1183:
1115:
1067:
966:
929:
876:
829:
750:
682:
605:
543:
538:
508:
507:
498:
496:
493:
487:
483:
474:
472:
463:
462:
455:
446:
444:
435:
434:
430:
421:
419:
410:
409:
405:
396:
394:
390:
386:
385:
381:
372:
370:
366:
362:
361:
357:
348:
346:
337:
336:
325:
320:
282:
265:
258:
241:
177:
169:
137:nuclear reactor
99:
76:Restricted Data
56:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2377:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2328:
2316:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2274:Muon-catalyzed
2271:
2266:
2260:
2258:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2223:
2214:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2171:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2122:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2014:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1965:Integral (IFR)
1962:
1956:
1950:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1893:
1891:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1829:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1811:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1731:
1729:
1724:
1716:
1709:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1656:
1654:
1650:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1635:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1595:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1535:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1500:
1498:
1493:
1485:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1384:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1352:
1346:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1310:
1309:
1297:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1282:Uranium mining
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1181:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1164:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1155:Minor actinide
1152:
1147:
1136:
1134:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1091:
1081:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1053:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1041:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
983:
981:
974:
968:
967:
965:
964:
959:
954:
949:
943:
941:
935:
934:
931:
930:
928:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
886:
884:
878:
877:
875:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
852:Autoradiograph
848:
846:
837:
831:
830:
828:
827:
826:
825:
815:
814:
813:
803:
802:
801:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
760:
758:
752:
751:
749:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
692:
690:
684:
683:
681:
680:
679:
678:
673:
668:
667:
666:
661:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
615:
613:
607:
606:
604:
603:
602:
601:
596:
586:
581:
576:
574:Atomic nucleus
571:
566:
561:
555:
553:
545:
544:
537:
536:
529:
522:
514:
506:
505:
481:
453:
428:
403:
379:
355:
322:
321:
319:
316:
281:
278:
277:
276:
273:
270:
257:
254:
253:
252:
249:
240:
237:
234:
233:
230:
229:0.4Ă—U + U + Pu
226:
225:
222:
218:
217:
214:
210:
209:
206:
194:
193:
190:
187:
184:
176:
173:
168:
165:
98:
95:
55:
52:
36:nuclear weapon
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2376:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2339:
2338:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2303:
2302:
2299:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2232:
2231:electrostatic
2229:
2228:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2154:
2149:
2143:
2133:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2010:Generation IV
2007:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1960:Breeder (FBR)
1958:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1946:
1937:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1720:
1717:
1713:
1710:
1705:
1698:
1693:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1646:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1584:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1475:
1471:
1465:
1462:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1334:
1333:
1326:
1321:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1298:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1262:Nuclear power
1260:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1243:
1242:Transmutation
1240:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1039:high-altitude
1037:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1029:Proliferation
1027:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
984:
982:
978:
975:
973:
969:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
944:
942:
940:
936:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
915:Brachytherapy
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
887:
885:
883:
879:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
849:
847:
845:
841:
838:
836:
832:
824:
821:
820:
819:
816:
812:
809:
808:
807:
804:
800:
797:
796:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
761:
759:
757:
753:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
711:Cross section
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
693:
691:
689:
685:
677:
674:
672:
669:
665:
662:
660:
657:
656:
655:
652:
651:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
616:
614:
612:
608:
600:
597:
595:
592:
591:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
556:
554:
550:
546:
542:
535:
530:
528:
523:
521:
516:
515:
512:
492:
485:
470:
466:
460:
458:
442:
438:
432:
417:
413:
407:
389:
383:
365:
359:
344:
340:
334:
332:
330:
328:
323:
315:
311:
304:
300:
298:
294:
289:
287:
274:
271:
263:
262:
261:
250:
246:
245:
244:
231:
228:
227:
223:
220:
219:
215:
212:
211:
207:
204:
203:
197:
191:
188:
185:
182:
181:
180:
172:
164:
162:
158:
157:atomic masses
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
129:
127:
123:
119:
114:
112:
108:
104:
94:
92:
87:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
47:
43:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
2335:
2323:
2304:
2284:Pyroelectric
2238:Laser-driven
2018:Sodium (SFR)
1945:fast-neutron
1784:
1330:
1220:Reprocessing
1101:WMD treaties
920:Radiosurgery
890:Fast-neutron
862:Scintigraphy
497:. Retrieved
484:
473:. Retrieved
471:. 2022-10-03
468:
445:. Retrieved
443:. 2022-06-10
440:
431:
420:. Retrieved
418:. 2021-03-09
415:
406:
395:. Retrieved
382:
371:. Retrieved
358:
347:. Retrieved
345:. 2020-03-11
342:
312:
309:
290:
283:
259:
256:Category III
242:
195:
178:
170:
130:
115:
100:
88:
57:
30:to classify
23:
19:
18:
2195:Stellarator
2159:confinement
2053:Superphénix
1880:Molten-salt
1832:VHTR (HTGR)
1609:HW BLWR 250
1575:R4 Marviken
1504:Pressurized
1474:Heavy water
1458:many others
1387:Pressurized
1342:Light water
1044:underground
1002:Disarmament
910:Tomotherapy
905:Proton-beam
769:Power plant
731:Temperature
564:Engineering
239:Category II
153:uranium ore
145:Thorium-232
133:Uranium-238
122:Uranium-233
107:Uranium-233
103:Uranium-235
84:Uranium-233
68:Uranium-235
2353:Categories
2220:(acoustic)
1837:PBR (PBMR)
1225:Spent fuel
1215:Repository
1195:Fuel cycle
1162:Activation
939:Processing
806:Propulsion
764:by country
696:Activation
499:2024-02-28
475:2024-02-28
447:2024-02-28
422:2024-02-28
397:2024-02-28
373:2024-02-28
349:2022-12-08
318:References
232:2 kg
224:2 kg
216:2 kg
208:5 kg
175:Category I
167:Categories
2190:Spheromak
1889:Fluorides
1553:IPHWR-700
1548:IPHWR-540
1543:IPHWR-220
1332:Moderator
1012:Explosion
987:Arms race
774:Economics
726:Reflector
721:Radiation
716:Generator
671:Plutonium
624:Deuterium
589:Radiation
559:Chemistry
126:Plutonium
111:Plutonium
97:Materials
72:Plutonium
2325:Category
2279:Polywell
2210:Inertial
2167:Magnetic
1922:TMSR-LF1
1917:TMSR-500
1897:Fuji MSR
1857:THTR-300
1697:Graphite
1560:PHWR KWU
1526:ACR-1000
1454:IPWR-900
1437:ACPR1000
1432:HPR-1000
1422:CPR-1000
1397:APR-1400
1188:Disposal
1140:Actinide
1133:Products
992:Delivery
835:Medicine
664:depleted
659:enriched
629:Helium-3
594:ionizing
149:elements
141:neutrons
2337:Commons
2248:Z-pinch
2218:Bubble
2200:Tokamak
2063:FBR-600
2043:CFR-600
2038:BN-1200
1704:coolant
1631:Organic
1516:CANDU 9
1513:CANDU 6
1481:coolant
1442:ACP1000
1417:CAP1400
1355:Boiling
1320:Fission
1167:Fission
1111:Weapons
1051:Warfare
1034:Testing
1024:History
1017:effects
972:Weapons
882:Therapy
857:RadBall
844:Imaging
736:Thermal
701:Capture
688:Neutron
676:Thorium
654:Uranium
619:Tritium
599:braking
579:Fission
569:Physics
552:Science
469:NRC.gov
416:NRC.gov
343:NRC.gov
54:History
2148:Fusion
2108:Others
2048:Phénix
2033:BN-800
2028:BN-600
2023:BN-350
1852:HTR-PM
1847:HTR-10
1827:UHTREX
1792:Magnox
1787:(UNGG)
1680:Lucens
1675:KS 150
1412:ATMEA1
1392:AP1000
1375:Kerena
1255:Debate
1007:Ethics
997:Design
980:Topics
811:rocket
789:Fusion
784:Policy
746:Fusion
706:Poison
584:Fusion
280:Access
266:
109:, and
2269:Migma
2257:Other
2226:Fusor
2125:Piqua
2120:Arbus
2078:PRISM
1820:MHR-T
1815:GTMHR
1745:EGP-6
1740:AMB-X
1715:Water
1660:HWGCR
1599:HWLWR
1538:IPHWR
1509:CANDU
1370:ESBWR
1125:Waste
1089:Tests
1072:Lists
1056:Yield
799:MMRTG
756:Power
494:(PDF)
391:(PDF)
367:(PDF)
2085:Lead
2068:CEFR
2058:PFBR
1940:None
1750:RBMK
1735:AM-1
1665:EL-4
1639:WR-1
1621:AHWR
1565:MZFR
1533:CVTR
1522:AFCR
1449:VVER
1407:APWR
1402:APR+
1365:ABWR
1235:cask
1230:pool
1172:LLFP
1061:TNTe
741:Fast
611:Fuel
295:and
70:and
58:The
2157:by
2073:PFR
1864:PMR
1842:AVR
1764:Gas
1702:by
1670:KKN
1604:ATR
1519:EC6
1479:by
1427:EPR
1360:BWR
124:or
24:SNM
2355::
1807:He
1773:CO
1649:CO
1570:R3
467:.
456:^
439:.
414:.
341:.
326:^
299:.
269:or
221:Pu
128:.
113:.
105:,
86:.
1947:)
1943:(
1775:2
1727:O
1725:2
1723:H
1651:2
1591:O
1589:2
1587:H
1496:O
1494:2
1492:D
533:e
526:t
519:v
502:.
478:.
450:.
425:.
400:.
376:.
352:.
297:Q
293:L
213:U
205:U
22:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
