1319:
1219:
1191:
1273:
1203:
1304:
1331:
948:
1237:
1008:
1249:
1292:
3464:
2897:
960:
1179:
1261:
47:
3452:
940:
size growth rates at increasing annealing temperature. These differences in the growth rates are translated into a progressive development of a subparticle structure at the nanoscale (super small). At lower temperatures (350–600 °C), single particles crystallize. However, at higher temperatures
918:
axis. In this configuration, spin canting does not reduce the energy. The magnetic properties of bulk hematite differ from their nanoscale counterparts. For example, the Morin transition temperature of hematite decreases with a decrease in the particle size. The suppression of this transition has
923:
and is attributed to the presence of impurities, water molecules and defects in the crystals lattice. Hematite is part of a complex solid solution oxyhydroxide system having various contents of H2O (water), hydroxyl groups and vacancy substitutions that affect the mineral's magnetic and crystal
1166:
As mentioned earlier, hematite is an important mineral for iron ore. The physical properties of hematite are also employed in the areas of medical equipment, shipping industries, and coal production. Having high density and capable as an effective barrier against X-ray passage, it often is
1121:
Hematite has been sourced to make pigments since earlier origins of human pictorial depictions, such as on cave linings and other surfaces, and has been employed continually in artwork through the eras. In Roman times, the pigment obtained by finely grinding hematite was known as
1167:
incorporated into radiation shielding. As with other iron ores, it often is a component of ship ballasts because of its density and economy. In the coal industry, it can be formed into a high specific density solution, to help separate coal powder from impurities.
1158:. It forms the basis for red, purple, and brown iron-oxide pigments, as well as being an important component of ochre, sienna, and umber pigments. The main producer of hematite for the pigment industry is India, followed distantly by Spain.
881:
The magnetic structure of α-hematite was the subject of considerable discussion and debate during the 1950s, as it appeared to be ferromagnetic with a Curie temperature of approximately 1,000 K (730 °C), but with an extremely small
1812:
Dang, M.-Z.; Rancourt, D. G.; Dutrizac, J. E.; Lamarche, G.; Provencher, R. (1998). "Interplay of surface conditions, particle size, stoichiometry, cell parameters, and magnetism in synthetic hematite-like materials".
1218:
799:
of this iron-oxide mineral in writing, drawing, and decoration is among the earliest in human history. To date, the earliest known human use of the powdery mineral is 164,000 years ago by the inhabitants of the
1661:
1190:
931:
for hematite have been achieved by dry-heating a two-line ferrihydrite precursor prepared from solution. Hematite exhibited temperature-dependent magnetic coercivity values ranging from 289 to 5,027
1093:
Hematite is often shaped into beads, tumbling stones, and other jewellery components. Hematite was once used as mourning jewelry. Certain types of hematite- or iron-oxide-rich clay, especially
890:). Adding to the surprise was a transition with a decrease in temperature at around 260 K (−13 °C) to a phase with no net magnetic moment. It was shown that the system is essentially
1085:
formed from a water solution. "Knowing just how the hematite on Mars was formed will help us characterize the past environment and determine whether that environment was favorable for life".
1058:. Because terrestrial hematite is typically a mineral formed in aqueous environments or by aqueous alteration, this detection was scientifically interesting enough that the second of the two
1318:
1694:
Benvenuti, M.; Dini, A.; D'Orazio, M.; Chiarantini, L.; Corretti, A.; Costagliola, P. (June 2013). "The tungsten and tin signature of iron ores from Elba Island (Italy)".
666:
in the water and collect in layers at the bottom of the lake, spring, or other standing water. Hematite can also occur in the absence of water, usually as the result of
936:(23–400 kA/m). The origin of these high coercivity values has been interpreted as a consequence of the subparticle structure induced by the different particle and
226:
Tabular to thick crystals; micaceous or platy, commonly in rosettes; radiating fibrous, reniform, botryoidal or stalactitic masses, columnar; earthy, granular, oolitic
1330:
1236:
460:
1202:
765:
is a clay that is colored by varying amounts of hematite, varying between 20% and 70%. Red ochre contains unhydrated hematite, whereas yellow ochre contains
1303:
1291:
1857:
216:
Metallic grey, dull to bright "rust-red" in earthy, compact, fine-grained material, steel-grey to black in crystals and massively crystalline ores
1260:
2847:
1272:
2877:
804:
in what now is South Africa, possibly for social purposes. Hematite residues are also found in graves from 80,000 years ago. Near
2832:
805:
910:
axis. The disappearance of the moment with a decrease in temperature at 260 K (−13 °C) is caused by a change in the
2267:
2213:
2124:"A Newly Discovered Hematite-Rich Unit in Aureum Chaos: Comparison of Hematite and Associated Units With Those in Aram Chaos"
1608:
1248:
1196:
Three gemmy quartz crystals containing bright rust-red inclusions of hematite, on a field of sparkly black specular hematite
4518:
3748:
1591:
Minerals and Cut Stones: Reference Book
Containing Condensed and Simplified Descriptions from Standard Works on Mineralogy
3502:
2933:
2842:
2283:
1962:
1467:
947:
2262:] (in Spanish). Madrid, Spain: Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Minas de Madrid. Fundación Gómez Pardo.
1554:
1386:
1178:
2837:
1915:
118:
2867:
1771:
2361:
999:
is a pigment used in traditional
Swedish house paints. Originally, it was made from tailings of the Falu mine.
607:
275:
4538:
2852:
308:
4503:
3455:
3424:
959:
725:, due to the red coloration found in some varieties of hematite. The color of hematite is often used as a
4543:
4498:
570:
Hematite occurs naturally in black to steel or silver-gray, brown to reddish-brown, or red colors. It is
17:
4533:
4513:
1990:"Formation of the hematite-bearing unit in Meridiani Planum: Evidence for deposition in standing water"
128:
1735:
Dzyaloshinsky, I. E. (1958). "A thermodynamic theory of "weak" ferromagnetism of antiferromagnetics".
1015:
partly embedded in rock at the
Opportunity landing site. Image is around 5 cm (2 in) across.
3959:
3439:
663:
655:
31:
2370:
1638:
3795:
3617:
3434:
1146:, red earth, which passed into English and Portuguese. Other ancient names for the pigment include
1042:
spacecraft in orbit around Mars. The mineral was seen in abundance at two sites on the planet, the
490:
2339:
941:(600–1000 °C), the growth of crystalline aggregates, and a subparticle structure is favored.
4508:
4493:
4426:
3519:
3495:
2926:
2862:
899:
143:
108:
52:
3800:
1224:
1077:" that were informally named "blueberries" by the science team. Analysis indicates that these
1059:
984:
924:
chemical properties. Two other end-members are referred to as protohematite and hydrohematite.
821:
190:
1230:(left) made from hematite with corresponding impression (right), approximately 14th century BC
4326:
3063:
2882:
2827:
2203:
1589:
1279:
647:
494:
265:
255:
4163:
3820:
2138:
2086:
2045:
2001:
1880:
1822:
1786:
1744:
1415:
1352:
1032:
717:
2123:
1856:
Vallina, B.; Rodriguez-Blanco, J. D.; Brown, A. P.; Benning, L. G.; Blanco, J. A. (2014).
1721:
8:
4158:
2857:
1309:
928:
854:. Unlike magnetite, it is not noticeably attracted to an ordinary magnet. Hematite is an
650:. Gray hematite is typically found in places that have still, standing water, or mineral
606:
hematite). While these forms vary, they all have a rust-red streak. Hematite is not only
603:
298:
288:
2142:
2090:
2049:
2005:
1884:
1826:
1790:
1748:
1419:
871:
4523:
3567:
3547:
3488:
3362:
2919:
2693:
2354:
2104:
1896:
1838:
1452:
1433:
891:
241:
2156:
2030:
1242:
A cluster of parallel-growth, mirror-bright, metallic-gray hematite blades from Brazil
4014:
3597:
2997:
2601:
2263:
2209:
1900:
1756:
1707:
1560:
1550:
1463:
1437:
1382:
1074:
1067:
1038:
1012:
855:
519:
2108:
1842:
1451:
Anthony, John W.; Bideaux, Richard A.; Bladh, Kenneth W.; Nichols, Monte C. (eds.).
4528:
3924:
3753:
3707:
3627:
3429:
3085:
3068:
2094:
2075:"Geologic and mineralogic mapping of Aram Chaos: Evidence for a water-rich history"
2053:
2009:
1888:
1830:
1794:
1752:
1703:
1423:
1063:
1051:
859:
640:
406:
346:
318:
231:
76:
3020:
1616:
4019:
3954:
3765:
3738:
3468:
3317:
2992:
2901:
1544:
1043:
883:
471:
85:
1940:
1007:
4372:
4316:
4304:
4233:
3877:
3815:
3325:
3162:
1336:
Micaceous hematite taken with permission from Kelly's Mine, Lustleigh, Devon UK
1011:
Image mosaic from the Mars
Exploration Rover Microscopic Imager shows Hematite
851:
813:
801:
711:
564:
482:
161:
138:
69:
3592:
2307:
2178:
1892:
1834:
1639:"Researchers find earliest evidence for modern human behavior in South Africa"
4487:
4447:
4377:
4336:
4004:
3758:
3743:
3692:
3357:
2347:
1966:
1227:
1094:
920:
887:
867:
842:
Underground hematite mining is classified as carcinogenic hazard to humans.
820:
red chalk mines have been found that are from 5000 BC, belonging to the
747:
730:
659:
369:
221:
150:
3268:
3002:
1490:
895:
575:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4414:
4367:
4197:
4143:
3929:
3810:
3770:
3662:
3403:
3389:
3385:
3372:
3272:
3223:
2968:
2572:
1798:
1102:
1055:
1024:
992:
903:
875:
863:
685:
1073:
showed a significant amount of hematite, much of it in the form of small "
4420:
4409:
4299:
4138:
4088:
4083:
3999:
3841:
3717:
3667:
3542:
3537:
3229:
3140:
3040:
2872:
2656:
2632:
2399:
2099:
2074:
2058:
2014:
1989:
937:
825:
676:-sized hematite crystals also may occur as a secondary mineral formed by
611:
587:
382:
173:
2229:
1963:"Mars Global Surveyor TES Instrument Identification of Hematite on Mars"
1428:
1403:
1266:
Hematite, variant specularite (specular hematite), with fine grain shown
4243:
4188:
4063:
3976:
3934:
3836:
3785:
3722:
3697:
3572:
3377:
3351:
3109:
3103:
2800:
2776:
2668:
2637:
2584:
2487:
2334:
1515:
1347:
1082:
1047:
980:
911:
677:
651:
467:
3944:
2374:
1357:
4389:
4382:
4253:
4248:
4228:
4153:
4078:
4072:
4053:
3949:
3890:
3805:
3702:
3637:
3612:
3602:
3532:
3511:
3380:
3330:
3262:
3257:
3214:
3168:
3148:
3144:
3045:
3030:
3025:
2957:
2788:
2769:
2757:
2717:
2710:
2705:
2698:
2685:
2608:
2548:
2536:
2511:
2499:
2492:
2475:
2439:
988:
836:
792:). The principal use of ochre is for tinting with a permanent color.
615:
591:
1693:
46:
4457:
4431:
4357:
4284:
4223:
4213:
4208:
4168:
4108:
4098:
4058:
4040:
4029:
4024:
3939:
3895:
3780:
3775:
3712:
3652:
3642:
3607:
3582:
3557:
3552:
3399:
3367:
3346:
3292:
3234:
3209:
3199:
3157:
3119:
2942:
2805:
2793:
2781:
2596:
2504:
2468:
2463:
2432:
2416:
2411:
2369:
1855:
1106:
1078:
996:
976:
796:
783:
693:
689:
548:
523:
1462:. Vol. III. Chantilly, VA: Mineralogical Society of America.
1297:
Hematite on Mars as found in form of "blueberries" (named by NASA)
4452:
4362:
4274:
4183:
4148:
4133:
4118:
4103:
4093:
3966:
3900:
3851:
3790:
3647:
3622:
3587:
3393:
3320:
3204:
3131:
3080:
2987:
2977:
2752:
2560:
2528:
2516:
2444:
2428:
1283:
1098:
987:, uses magnets to glean waste hematite from old mine tailings in
933:
817:
766:
726:
667:
328:
2951:
Gemmological classifications by E. Ya. Kievlenko (1980), updated
1564:
4352:
4258:
4218:
4193:
4128:
4113:
4009:
3994:
3989:
3905:
3856:
3846:
3562:
3527:
3312:
3275:
3152:
3136:
3035:
2745:
2740:
2722:
2661:
2644:
2620:
2613:
2589:
2577:
2565:
2553:
2541:
2423:
2122:
Glotch, Timothy D.; Rogers, D.; Christensen, Philip R. (2005).
1772:"Anisotropic Superexchange Interaction and Weak Ferromagnetism"
1209:
809:
789:
776:
571:
1312:, showing that Hematite consistently leaves a rust-red streak.
415:
4331:
4321:
4311:
4294:
4289:
4279:
4238:
4068:
4048:
3984:
3916:
3657:
3632:
3577:
3252:
3219:
3125:
3115:
3074:
2764:
2391:
762:
750:
737:
715:
705:
3480:
2911:
1811:
1324:
Hematite in
Scanning Electron Microscope, magnification 100x
1126:. Other names for the mineral when used in painting include
1062:
was sent to a site in the Terra
Meridiani region designated
578:. It is electrically conductive. Hematite varieties include
4203:
4178:
4173:
4123:
3885:
3407:
3341:
3334:
3286:
2982:
2673:
2649:
2625:
2480:
2456:
1028:
1020:
832:
831:
Rich deposits of hematite have been found on the island of
770:
681:
673:
486:
451:
445:
430:
421:
1101:. Hematite is also used in art such as in the creation of
1019:
The spectral signature of hematite was seen on the planet
2404:
2382:
2260:
Minerals and mines of Spain Vol 4. Oxides and
Hidroxides
2256:
Minerales y Minas de España. Vol. 4. Óxidos e hidróxidos
1046:
site, near the
Martian equator at 0° longitude, and the
2308:"Hematite: A primary ore of iron and a pigment mineral"
2179:"Hematite: A primary ore of iron and a pigment mineral"
2121:
1943:[Sweden's most proven house color] (in Swedish)
30:
This article is about the mineral. For other uses, see
1450:
1381:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 73.
424:
1662:"Iron Oxides Prehistoric Mines: A European Overview"
1054:. Several other sites also showed hematite, such as
433:
427:
2073:Glotch, Timothy D.; Christensen, Philip R. (2005).
1965:(Press release). NASA. May 27, 1998. Archived from
567:at temperatures above 950 °C (1,740 °F).
448:
442:
439:
418:
412:
409:
1542:
2072:
1641:(Press release). AAAS. ASU News. October 17, 2007
692:, which is responsible for the red color of many
4485:
906:when they are in the plane perpendicular to the
850:Hematite shows only a very feeble response to a
729:. The English name of the stone is derived from
696:, ancient, or otherwise highly weathered soils.
1543:Cornell, Rochelle M.; Schwertmann, Udo (1996).
1538:
1536:
874:at 948 K (675 °C), above which it is
2253:
3496:
2927:
2355:
1866:obtained from carbonated 2-line ferrihydrite"
1734:
1376:
639:) with the same chemical formula, but with a
1533:
1254:Hematite carving, 5 cm (2 in) long
914:which causes the moments to align along the
1987:
835:that have been mined since the time of the
3503:
3489:
3451:
2934:
2920:
2362:
2348:
1737:Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids
1587:
1379:Rock Magnetism: Fundamentals and Frontiers
2201:
2098:
2057:
2028:
2013:
1427:
1377:Dunlop, David J.; Özdemir, Özden (2001).
1212:radiating from a center of platy hematite
1184:A rare pseudo-scalenohedral crystal habit
870:above the Morin transition and below its
246:None, may show partings on {0001} and {10
2284:"Colors from the Earth: Violet Hematite"
1006:
746:the 15th century, which originated from
699:
646:Large deposits of hematite are found in
14:
4486:
2031:"Global mineral distributions on Mars"
1913:
1769:
1659:
1161:
710:The name hematite is derived from the
684:, and along with other iron oxides or
3484:
2915:
2343:
1858:"Enhanced magnetic coercivity of α-Fe
1603:
1601:
1583:
1581:
1404:"IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols"
1401:
203:= 13.772(12) Å; Z = 6
894:, but that the low symmetry of the
862:at 250 K (−23 °C), and a
610:than pure iron, but also much more
24:
2878:Volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS)
1549:. Germany: Wiley. pp. 4, 26.
1444:
489:. Hematite crystals belong to the
25:
4555:
2328:
1941:"Sveriges mest beprövade husfärg"
1598:
1578:
983:. A recently developed process,
975:Hematite is present in the waste
953:A microscopic picture of hematite
563:). With this it forms a complete
387:O: brownish red; E: yellowish red
3462:
3450:
2895:
1873:Journal of Nanoparticle Research
1708:10.1111/j.1475-4754.2012.00692.x
1329:
1317:
1302:
1290:
1271:
1259:
1247:
1235:
1217:
1201:
1189:
1177:
1109:is a synthetic material sold as
1066:. In-situ investigations by the
970:
958:
946:
405:
45:
3064:Yellow, Green, Violet Sapphires
2858:Magmatic nickel-copper-iron-PGE
2848:Kambalda-type komatiitic nickel
2300:
2276:
2254:Calvo Rebollar, Miguel (2009).
2247:
2222:
2195:
2171:
2149:
2115:
2079:Journal of Geophysical Research
2066:
2038:Journal of Geophysical Research
2022:
1994:Journal of Geophysical Research
1988:Christensen, Philip R. (2004).
1981:
1955:
1933:
1907:
1849:
1805:
1763:
1728:
1714:
1687:
1653:
1615:. Minerals Zone. Archived from
2868:Sedimentary exhalative (SedEx)
1914:Redman, Chris (May 20, 2009).
1669:Anthropologica et Præhistorica
1631:
1508:
1483:
1395:
1370:
618:is a polymorph of hematite (γ-
13:
1:
3510:
2941:
2843:Iron oxide copper gold (IOCG)
2208:. Firefly Books. p. 53.
2029:Bandfield, Joshua L. (2002).
1588:Morgenthau, Mengo L. (1923).
1363:
965:Crystal structure of hematite
743:
3456:List of gemstones by species
3425:List of individual gemstones
3086:Precious White and Fire Opal
1757:10.1016/0022-3697(58)90076-3
1208:Golden acicular crystals of
845:
7:
4519:Minerals in space group 167
2131:Lunar and Planetary Science
1341:
1134:. In Spanish, it is called
491:rhombohedral lattice system
470:compound with the formula,
10:
4560:
2833:Carbonate-hosted lead-zinc
1170:
1116:
1088:
919:been observed in hematite
866:antiferromagnet or weakly
751:
716:
703:
29:
4440:
4402:
4345:
4267:
4038:
3975:
3914:
3876:
3869:
3829:
3731:
3685:
3678:
3518:
3448:
3440:List of sapphires by size
3417:
3305:
3243:
3190:
3181:
3094:
3054:
3011:
2966:
2956:
2949:
2891:
2820:
2733:
2684:
2527:
2390:
2381:
2202:Oldershaw, Cally (2003).
1893:10.1007/s11051-014-2322-5
1722:"List of Classifications"
656:Yellowstone National Park
391:
381:
368:
345:
337:
327:
317:
307:
297:
287:
274:
264:
254:
240:
230:
220:
212:
207:
189:
172:
155:Hexagonal scalenohedral (
149:
137:
127:
117:
107:
75:
65:
60:
44:
39:
32:Hematite (disambiguation)
27:Common iron oxide mineral
3435:List of emeralds by size
493:which is designated the
236:Penetration and lamellar
4005:Nickel silver (alpacca)
2373:, mineral mixtures and
2288:www.naturalpigments.com
1835:10.1023/A:1012655729417
1660:Levato, Chiara (2016).
1491:"Hematite Mineral Data"
1060:Mars Exploration Rovers
1002:
736:, which was taken from
481:and is widely found in
260:Uneven to subconchoidal
1815:Hyperfine Interactions
1799:10.1103/PhysRev.120.91
1460:Handbook of Mineralogy
1408:Mineralogical Magazine
1152:sil atticum antiquorum
1103:intaglio engraved gems
1016:
904:canting of the moments
822:Linear Pottery culture
759:, "blood-red stone").
648:banded iron formations
303:Bright red to dark red
4346:Other natural objects
3003:Natural marine pearls
2883:Orogenic gold deposit
2828:Banded iron formation
2205:Firefly Guide to Gems
1770:Moriya, Tōru (1960).
1280:banded iron formation
1010:
929:magnetic coercivities
700:Etymology and history
293:Metallic to splendent
119:Strunz classification
4539:Jewellery components
3821:Wire wrapped jewelry
3801:Repoussé and chasing
3122:, pink, yellow-green
2100:10.1029/2004JE002389
2059:10.1029/2001JE001510
2015:10.1029/2003JE002233
1916:"The next iron rush"
1619:on November 15, 2016
1353:Mineral redox buffer
1097:, have been used in
1033:Mars Global Surveyor
802:Pinnacle Point caves
4504:Iron oxide pigments
4363:Ebonite (vulcanite)
3469:Minerals portal
3041:Precious Black Opal
2902:Minerals portal
2838:Heavy mineral sands
2230:"Magnetic Hematite"
2143:2005LPI....36.2159G
2091:2005JGRE..110.9006G
2050:2002JGRE..107.5042B
2006:2004JGRE..109.8003C
1885:2014JNR....16.2322V
1827:1998HyInt.117..271D
1791:1960PhRv..120...91M
1749:1958JPCS....4..241D
1613:Industrial Minerals
1429:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
1420:2021MinM...85..291W
1402:Warr, L.N. (2021).
1162:Industrial purposes
900:spin–orbit coupling
858:material below the
654:, such as those in
576:ore mineral of iron
198:= 5.038(2) Å;
129:Dana classification
4544:Symbols of Alabama
4499:Iron(III) minerals
3708:Jewellery designer
3291:Opaque iridescent
3182:Jewelry-Industrial
3128:yellow, blue, pink
1278:Red hematite from
1142:, from the Arabic
1017:
662:. The mineral may
518:. It has the same
338:Optical properties
4534:Magnetic minerals
4514:Trigonal minerals
4481:
4480:
4398:
4397:
4268:Organic gemstones
3865:
3864:
3478:
3477:
3306:Industrial stones
3301:
3300:
3177:
3176:
2909:
2908:
2816:
2815:
2269:978-84-95063-99-1
2215:978-1-55297-814-6
1111:magnetic hematite
1075:Martian spherules
1039:2001 Mars Odyssey
892:antiferromagnetic
856:antiferromagnetic
757:haimatitēs lithos
520:crystal structure
398:
397:
16:(Redirected from
4551:
3925:Britannia silver
3874:
3873:
3683:
3682:
3505:
3498:
3491:
3482:
3481:
3467:
3466:
3465:
3454:
3453:
3430:List of diamonds
3188:
3187:
2964:
2963:
2936:
2929:
2922:
2913:
2912:
2900:
2899:
2898:
2853:Lateritic nickel
2809:
2797:
2785:
2773:
2761:
2749:
2726:
2714:
2702:
2677:
2665:
2653:
2641:
2629:
2617:
2605:
2593:
2581:
2569:
2557:
2545:
2520:
2508:
2496:
2484:
2472:
2460:
2448:
2436:
2420:
2408:
2388:
2387:
2364:
2357:
2350:
2341:
2340:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2128:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2102:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2035:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2017:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1870:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1821:(1–4): 271–319.
1809:
1803:
1802:
1776:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1666:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1605:
1596:
1595:
1585:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1540:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1457:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1431:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1374:
1333:
1321:
1306:
1294:
1275:
1263:
1251:
1239:
1221:
1205:
1193:
1181:
1064:Meridiani Planum
1052:Valles Marineris
1023:by the infrared
962:
950:
872:Néel temperature
860:Morin transition
754:
753:
745:
741:lapis haematites
721:
720:
714:word for blood,
643:like magnetite.
641:spinel structure
638:
637:
636:
628:
627:
574:as an important
562:
561:
560:
546:
545:
544:
536:
535:
517:
516:
515:
507:
506:
458:
457:
454:
453:
450:
447:
444:
441:
436:
435:
432:
429:
426:
423:
420:
417:
414:
411:
347:Refractive index
319:Specific gravity
280:
249:
182:
167:
158:
82:
81:(repeating unit)
55:hematite crystal
49:
37:
36:
21:
4559:
4558:
4554:
4553:
4552:
4550:
4549:
4548:
4484:
4483:
4482:
4477:
4436:
4394:
4383:Spondylus shell
4341:
4263:
4034:
4020:Stainless steel
3971:
3955:Sterling silver
3915:Precious metal
3910:
3878:Precious metals
3861:
3825:
3727:
3674:
3514:
3509:
3479:
3474:
3463:
3461:
3444:
3413:
3297:
3239:
3183:
3173:
3090:
3050:
3007:
2952:
2945:
2940:
2910:
2905:
2896:
2894:
2887:
2863:Porphyry copper
2812:
2803:
2791:
2779:
2767:
2755:
2743:
2729:
2720:
2708:
2696:
2680:
2671:
2659:
2647:
2635:
2623:
2611:
2599:
2587:
2575:
2563:
2551:
2539:
2523:
2514:
2502:
2490:
2478:
2466:
2454:
2442:
2426:
2414:
2402:
2377:
2368:
2335:MineralData.org
2331:
2326:
2325:
2316:
2314:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2292:
2290:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2270:
2252:
2248:
2238:
2236:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2216:
2200:
2196:
2187:
2185:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2162:
2160:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2126:
2120:
2116:
2071:
2067:
2033:
2027:
2023:
1986:
1982:
1972:
1970:
1969:on May 13, 2007
1961:
1960:
1956:
1946:
1944:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1924:
1922:
1912:
1908:
1868:
1865:
1861:
1854:
1850:
1810:
1806:
1779:Physical Review
1774:
1768:
1764:
1733:
1729:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1692:
1688:
1678:
1676:
1664:
1658:
1654:
1644:
1642:
1637:
1636:
1632:
1622:
1620:
1607:
1606:
1599:
1586:
1579:
1569:
1567:
1557:
1546:The Iron Oxides
1541:
1534:
1524:
1522:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1499:
1497:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1455:
1449:
1445:
1400:
1396:
1389:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1344:
1337:
1334:
1325:
1322:
1313:
1307:
1298:
1295:
1286:
1276:
1267:
1264:
1255:
1252:
1243:
1240:
1231:
1222:
1213:
1206:
1197:
1194:
1185:
1182:
1173:
1164:
1148:ochra hispanica
1119:
1091:
1081:are apparently
1044:Terra Meridiani
1005:
995:iron district.
973:
966:
963:
954:
951:
884:magnetic moment
848:
788:
781:
775:
752:αἱματίτης λίθος
734:hématite pierre
708:
702:
635:
632:
631:
630:
626:
623:
622:
621:
619:
559:
556:
555:
554:
552:
543:
540:
539:
538:
534:
531:
530:
529:
527:
514:
511:
510:
509:
505:
502:
501:
500:
498:
495:alpha polymorph
479:
475:
461:also spelled as
438:
408:
404:
363:
357:= 3.150–3.220,
356:
278:
247:
199:
180:
165:
160:
156:
103:
99:
95:
91:
86:iron(III) oxide
80:
79:
56:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4557:
4547:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4509:Hematite group
4506:
4501:
4496:
4494:Oxide minerals
4479:
4478:
4476:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4444:Related topics
4441:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4418:
4412:
4406:
4404:
4400:
4399:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4392:
4387:
4386:
4385:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4349:
4347:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4308:
4307:
4302:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4271:
4269:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4045:
4043:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3981:
3979:
3973:
3972:
3970:
3969:
3964:
3963:
3962:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3921:
3919:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3882:
3880:
3871:
3867:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3833:
3831:
3827:
3826:
3824:
3823:
3818:
3816:Wire sculpture
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3762:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3741:
3735:
3733:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3689:
3687:
3680:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3670:
3665:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3524:
3522:
3516:
3515:
3508:
3507:
3500:
3493:
3485:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3421:
3419:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3411:
3397:
3383:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3349:
3344:
3338:
3328:
3326:Petrified wood
3323:
3315:
3309:
3307:
3303:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3295:
3289:
3283:
3278:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3249:
3247:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3196:
3194:
3185:
3179:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3134:
3129:
3123:
3113:
3112:, polychromous
3107:
3100:
3098:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3071:
3066:
3060:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3017:
3015:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2974:
2972:
2961:
2954:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2939:
2938:
2931:
2924:
2916:
2907:
2906:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2824:
2822:
2818:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2810:
2798:
2786:
2774:
2762:
2750:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2715:
2703:
2690:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2666:
2654:
2642:
2630:
2618:
2606:
2594:
2582:
2570:
2558:
2546:
2533:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2509:
2497:
2485:
2473:
2461:
2449:
2437:
2421:
2409:
2396:
2394:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2367:
2366:
2359:
2352:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2330:
2329:External links
2327:
2324:
2323:
2299:
2275:
2268:
2246:
2221:
2214:
2194:
2170:
2148:
2114:
2085:(E9): E09006.
2065:
2044:(E6): E65042.
2021:
2000:(E8): E08003.
1980:
1954:
1932:
1906:
1863:
1859:
1848:
1804:
1762:
1743:(4): 241–255.
1727:
1713:
1702:(3): 479–506.
1686:
1652:
1630:
1597:
1577:
1555:
1532:
1507:
1495:WebMineral.com
1482:
1469:978-0962209727
1468:
1443:
1414:(3): 291–320.
1394:
1387:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1316:
1314:
1308:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1289:
1287:
1277:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1234:
1232:
1223:
1216:
1214:
1207:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1163:
1160:
1118:
1115:
1090:
1087:
1050:site near the
1004:
1001:
972:
969:
968:
967:
964:
957:
955:
952:
945:
888:Bohr magnetons
852:magnetic field
847:
844:
786:
779:
773:
704:Main article:
701:
698:
633:
624:
565:solid solution
557:
541:
532:
512:
503:
477:
473:
466:, is a common
396:
395:
393:
389:
388:
385:
379:
378:
372:
366:
365:
361:
354:
349:
343:
342:
339:
335:
334:
331:
325:
324:
321:
315:
314:
311:
305:
304:
301:
295:
294:
291:
285:
284:
281:
272:
271:
268:
262:
261:
258:
252:
251:
244:
238:
237:
234:
228:
227:
224:
218:
217:
214:
210:
209:
208:Identification
205:
204:
193:
187:
186:
176:
170:
169:
153:
147:
146:
141:
139:Crystal system
135:
134:
131:
125:
124:
121:
115:
114:
111:
105:
104:
101:
97:
93:
89:
83:
73:
72:
70:Oxide minerals
67:
63:
62:
58:
57:
50:
42:
41:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4556:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4448:Body piercing
4446:
4443:
4442:
4439:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4422:
4419:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4401:
4391:
4388:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4344:
4338:
4337:Tortoiseshell
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4297:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4266:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4199:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4074:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4042:
4037:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3978:
3974:
3968:
3965:
3961:
3958:
3957:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3918:
3913:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3879:
3875:
3872:
3868:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3828:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3730:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3693:Bench jeweler
3691:
3690:
3688:
3684:
3681:
3677:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3660:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3506:
3501:
3499:
3494:
3492:
3487:
3486:
3483:
3471:
3470:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3447:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3416:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3339:
3336:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3294:
3290:
3288:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3242:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3225:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3186:
3180:
3170:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3121:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3093:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3053:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3021:Pink sapphire
3019:
3018:
3016:
3014:
3010:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2993:Blue Sapphire
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2965:
2962:
2959:
2955:
2948:
2944:
2937:
2932:
2930:
2925:
2923:
2918:
2917:
2914:
2904:
2903:
2890:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2821:Deposit types
2819:
2807:
2802:
2799:
2795:
2790:
2787:
2783:
2778:
2775:
2771:
2766:
2763:
2759:
2754:
2751:
2747:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2724:
2719:
2716:
2712:
2707:
2704:
2700:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2675:
2670:
2667:
2663:
2658:
2655:
2651:
2646:
2643:
2639:
2634:
2631:
2627:
2622:
2619:
2615:
2610:
2607:
2603:
2598:
2595:
2591:
2586:
2583:
2579:
2574:
2571:
2567:
2562:
2559:
2555:
2550:
2547:
2543:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2518:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2501:
2498:
2494:
2489:
2486:
2482:
2477:
2474:
2470:
2465:
2462:
2458:
2453:
2450:
2446:
2441:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2425:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2410:
2406:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2365:
2360:
2358:
2353:
2351:
2346:
2345:
2342:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2313:
2309:
2303:
2289:
2285:
2279:
2271:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2250:
2235:
2231:
2225:
2217:
2211:
2207:
2206:
2198:
2184:
2180:
2174:
2158:
2152:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2125:
2118:
2110:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2069:
2060:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2032:
2025:
2016:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1984:
1968:
1964:
1958:
1942:
1936:
1921:
1920:Money.cnn.com
1917:
1910:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1867:
1852:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1808:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1773:
1766:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1731:
1723:
1717:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1690:
1674:
1670:
1663:
1656:
1640:
1634:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1604:
1602:
1594:. p. 23.
1593:
1592:
1584:
1582:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1556:9783527285761
1552:
1548:
1547:
1539:
1537:
1521:
1517:
1511:
1496:
1492:
1486:
1471:
1465:
1461:
1454:
1447:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1398:
1390:
1388:9780521000987
1384:
1380:
1373:
1369:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1332:
1327:
1320:
1315:
1311:
1305:
1300:
1293:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1274:
1269:
1262:
1257:
1250:
1245:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1228:cylinder seal
1226:
1220:
1215:
1211:
1204:
1199:
1192:
1187:
1180:
1175:
1174:
1168:
1159:
1157:
1156:Spanish brown
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1132:caput mortuum
1129:
1125:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1095:Armenian bole
1086:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1070:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1014:
1009:
1000:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
971:Mine tailings
961:
956:
949:
944:
943:
942:
939:
935:
930:
925:
922:
921:nanoparticles
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
898:sites allows
897:
893:
889:
885:
879:
877:
873:
869:
868:ferromagnetic
865:
861:
857:
853:
843:
840:
838:
834:
829:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
798:
793:
791:
785:
782: ·
778:
772:
768:
764:
760:
758:
749:
748:Ancient Greek
742:
739:
735:
732:
731:Middle French
728:
724:
719:
713:
707:
697:
695:
691:
687:
686:oxyhydroxides
683:
680:processes in
679:
675:
671:
669:
665:
661:
660:North America
657:
653:
649:
644:
642:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
568:
566:
550:
525:
521:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
469:
465:
462:
456:
402:
394:
390:
386:
384:
380:
376:
373:
371:
370:Birefringence
367:
364:= 2.870–2.940
360:
353:
350:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
330:
326:
322:
320:
316:
312:
310:
306:
302:
300:
296:
292:
290:
286:
282:
277:
273:
269:
267:
263:
259:
257:
253:
245:
243:
239:
235:
233:
229:
225:
223:
222:Crystal habit
219:
215:
211:
206:
202:
197:
194:
192:
188:
184:
177:
175:
171:
163:
154:
152:
151:Crystal class
148:
145:
142:
140:
136:
132:
130:
126:
122:
120:
116:
112:
110:
106:
87:
84:
78:
74:
71:
68:
64:
59:
54:
48:
43:
38:
33:
19:
4473:Wearable art
4468:Phaleristics
4463:Metalworking
4368:Gutta-percha
4144:Lapis lazuli
3930:Colored gold
3811:Stonesetting
3460:
3404:Pyrophyllite
3373:Serpentinite
3354:(green mica)
3280:
3244:
3224:Baltic amber
3191:
3095:
3055:
3012:
2967:
2893:
2573:Chalcopyrite
2451:
2375:ore deposits
2371:Ore minerals
2315:. Retrieved
2311:
2302:
2291:. Retrieved
2287:
2278:
2259:
2255:
2249:
2239:December 22,
2237:. Retrieved
2233:
2224:
2204:
2197:
2186:. Retrieved
2182:
2173:
2163:December 22,
2161:. Retrieved
2151:
2134:
2130:
2117:
2082:
2078:
2068:
2041:
2037:
2024:
1997:
1993:
1983:
1973:December 22,
1971:. Retrieved
1967:the original
1957:
1947:December 22,
1945:. Retrieved
1935:
1925:December 22,
1923:. Retrieved
1919:
1909:
1876:
1872:
1851:
1818:
1814:
1807:
1782:
1778:
1765:
1740:
1736:
1730:
1716:
1699:
1696:Archaeometry
1695:
1689:
1679:December 22,
1677:. Retrieved
1672:
1668:
1655:
1645:December 22,
1643:. Retrieved
1633:
1623:December 22,
1621:. Retrieved
1617:the original
1612:
1590:
1570:December 22,
1568:. Retrieved
1545:
1525:December 22,
1523:. Retrieved
1519:
1510:
1500:December 22,
1498:. Retrieved
1494:
1485:
1475:December 22,
1473:. Retrieved
1459:
1446:
1411:
1407:
1397:
1378:
1372:
1310:Streak plate
1225:Cypro-Minoan
1165:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1110:
1092:
1068:
1056:Aureum Chaos
1037:
1031:
1025:spectrometer
1018:
993:Mesabi Range
974:
926:
915:
907:
886:(0.002
880:
876:paramagnetic
849:
841:
830:
794:
761:
756:
740:
733:
722:
709:
672:
645:
599:
595:
588:pseudomorphs
583:
579:
569:
463:
400:
399:
374:
358:
351:
341:Uniaxial (−)
200:
195:
178:
4410:Art jewelry
4234:Tiger's eye
4139:Labradorite
4089:Chrysocolla
4084:Chrysoberyl
4000:Mokume-gane
3977:Base metals
3749:centrifugal
3718:Silversmith
3593:Ferronnière
3543:Belt buckle
3538:Belly chain
3386:Ophicalcite
3267:Colorless,
3230:Chrysoprase
3141:Spessartine
3106:– Verdelite
2998:Alexandrite
2657:Pentlandite
2633:Molybdenite
2400:Cassiterite
2312:geology.com
2183:geology.com
1879:(3): 2322.
1124:sil atticum
1083:concretions
1069:Opportunity
985:magnetation
938:crystallite
826:Upper Rhine
795:Use of the
664:precipitate
652:hot springs
600:specularite
383:Pleochroism
309:Diaphaneity
174:Space group
18:Specularite
4488:Categories
4244:Tourmaline
4189:Prasiolite
4064:Aventurine
3935:Crown gold
3837:Draw plate
3786:Metal clay
3723:Watchmaker
3713:Lapidarist
3698:Clockmaker
3573:Collar pin
3568:Chatelaine
3390:Serpentine
3378:Aventurine
3352:Listwanite
3143:(malaya),
3110:Indicolite
3104:Tourmaline
3077:(Imperial)
3069:Aquamarine
2801:Wolframite
2777:Sperrylite
2686:Carbonates
2669:Sphalerite
2638:molybdenum
2585:Chalcocite
2488:Pyrolusite
2317:2023-09-07
2293:2023-09-07
2234:Mindat.org
2188:2023-09-07
2157:"Hematite"
1520:Mindat.org
1516:"Hematite"
1453:"Hematite"
1364:References
1348:Mill scale
1144:al-maghrah
1048:Aram Chaos
981:iron mines
912:anisotropy
769:hematite (
678:weathering
670:activity.
580:kidney ore
468:iron oxide
392:References
276:Mohs scale
162:H–M symbol
109:IMA symbol
51:Brazilian
4524:Iron ores
4390:Toadstone
4327:Operculum
4254:Variscite
4249:Turquoise
4229:Tanzanite
4164:Moonstone
4159:Marcasite
4154:Malachite
4079:Carnelian
4054:Amazonite
4041:gemstones
4015:Pinchbeck
3960:Argentium
3950:Shibuichi
3891:Palladium
3870:Materials
3806:Soldering
3796:Polishing
3771:Engraving
3766:Enameling
3732:Processes
3703:Goldsmith
3638:Tie chain
3613:Neck ring
3603:Lapel pin
3512:Jewellery
3381:quartzite
3333:(Porouse
3331:Cacholong
3293:feldspars
3263:Rhodonite
3258:Amazonite
3245:2nd order
3215:Malachite
3192:1st order
3169:Turquoise
3149:Almandine
3145:Rhodolite
3096:4th order
3056:3rd order
3046:Tanzanite
3031:Tsavorite
3026:Demantoid
3013:2nd order
2969:1st order
2943:Gemstones
2789:Scheelite
2770:beryllium
2758:aluminium
2718:Malachite
2711:magnesium
2706:Magnesite
2699:magnesium
2609:Cobaltite
2549:Argentite
2537:Acanthite
2512:Uraninite
2500:Tantalite
2493:manganese
2476:Magnetite
2440:Columbite
1901:137598876
1785:(1): 91.
1438:235729616
1079:spherules
1013:spherules
989:Minnesota
927:Enhanced
902:to cause
846:Magnetism
837:Etruscans
797:red chalk
616:Maghemite
596:iron rose
592:magnetite
464:haematite
191:Unit cell
185:(no. 167)
4458:Gemology
4432:Fineness
4423:(purity)
4358:Bog-wood
4305:Precious
4285:Ammolite
4224:Sunstone
4214:Sodalite
4209:Sapphire
4169:Obsidian
4109:Fluorite
4099:Diopside
4059:Amethyst
4039:Mineral
4030:Tungsten
4025:Titanium
3940:Electrum
3896:Platinum
3781:Kazaziye
3776:Filigree
3754:lost-wax
3653:Toe ring
3643:Tie clip
3618:Pectoral
3608:Necklace
3583:Cufflink
3558:Bracelet
3553:Bolo tie
3533:Barrette
3400:Pagodite
3368:Fluorite
3363:Selenite
3347:Obsidian
3281:Hematite
3235:Charoite
3210:Nephrite
3200:Lazurite
3158:Amethyst
3120:Heliodor
2806:tungsten
2794:tungsten
2782:platinum
2694:Dolomite
2597:Cinnabar
2529:Sulfides
2505:tantalum
2469:titanium
2464:Ilmenite
2452:Hematite
2433:tantalum
2417:chromium
2412:Chromite
2137:: 2159.
2109:53489327
1843:94031594
1565:96031931
1342:See also
1128:colcotar
1107:Hematine
997:Falu red
991:'s vast
977:tailings
934:oersteds
767:hydrated
694:tropical
690:goethite
688:such as
668:volcanic
604:specular
549:ilmenite
524:corundum
401:Hematite
279:hardness
266:Tenacity
256:Fracture
242:Cleavage
232:Twinning
144:Trigonal
66:Category
53:trigonal
40:Hematite
4529:Glances
4453:Fashion
4427:Finding
4275:Abalone
4184:Peridot
4149:Larimar
4134:Kyanite
4119:Howlite
4104:Emerald
4094:Diamond
3967:Tumbaga
3945:Shakudō
3901:Rhodium
3852:Mandrel
3791:Plating
3744:Casting
3739:Carving
3648:Tie pin
3623:Pendant
3598:Genital
3588:Earring
3418:Related
3394:Calcite
3340:Marble
3321:granite
3318:Graphic
3285:Common
3205:Jadeite
3163:Citrine
3137:Garnets
3132:Peridot
3081:Elbaite
3073:Orange
2988:Emerald
2978:Diamond
2958:Jewelry
2873:Uranium
2753:Bauxite
2602:mercury
2561:Bornite
2517:uranium
2445:niobium
2429:niobium
2139:Bibcode
2087:Bibcode
2046:Bibcode
2002:Bibcode
1881:Bibcode
1823:Bibcode
1787:Bibcode
1745:Bibcode
1609:"Ochre"
1416:Bibcode
1358:Wüstite
1284:Wyoming
1171:Gallery
1140:almagra
1136:almagre
1117:Pigment
1099:gilding
1089:Jewelry
1027:on the
824:at the
818:Hungary
727:pigment
723:(haima)
612:brittle
584:martite
377:= 0.280
329:Density
283:5.5–6.5
270:Brittle
133:4.3.1.2
123:4.CB.05
77:Formula
61:General
4417:(mass)
4353:Bezoar
4259:Zircon
4219:Spinel
4194:Quartz
4129:Jasper
4114:Garnet
4010:Pewter
3995:Copper
3990:Bronze
3917:alloys
3906:Silver
3857:Pliers
3847:Hammer
3759:vacuum
3686:People
3679:Making
3663:pocket
3563:Brooch
3528:Anklet
3313:Jasper
3276:quartz
3184:stones
3153:Pyrope
3036:Spinel
2960:stones
2746:barium
2741:Baryte
2723:copper
2662:nickel
2645:Pyrite
2621:Galena
2614:cobalt
2590:copper
2578:copper
2566:copper
2554:silver
2542:silver
2424:Coltan
2392:Oxides
2266:
2212:
2159:. NASA
2107:
1899:
1841:
1675:: 9–23
1563:
1553:
1466:
1436:
1385:
1210:rutile
1154:, and
896:cation
864:canted
810:Poland
608:harder
590:after
547:) and
313:Opaque
299:Streak
289:Luster
96:, α-Fe
4421:Carat
4415:Carat
4403:Terms
4378:Shell
4332:Pearl
4322:Nacre
4312:Ivory
4300:Black
4295:Coral
4290:Copal
4280:Amber
4239:Topaz
4198:smoky
4069:Beryl
4049:Agate
3985:Brass
3830:Tools
3668:strap
3658:Watch
3633:Tiara
3578:Crown
3548:Bindi
3520:Forms
3269:smoky
3253:Agate
3220:Amber
3167:Blue
3126:Topaz
3116:Beryl
3075:topaz
2765:Beryl
2734:Other
2258:[
2127:(PDF)
2105:S2CID
2034:(PDF)
1897:S2CID
1869:(PDF)
1839:S2CID
1775:(PDF)
1665:(PDF)
1456:(PDF)
1434:S2CID
1071:rover
814:Lovas
806:Rydno
763:Ochre
738:Latin
712:Greek
706:Ochre
572:mined
553:FeTiO
487:soils
483:rocks
213:Color
4373:Hair
4204:Ruby
4179:Opal
4174:Onyx
4124:Jade
3886:Gold
3842:File
3628:Ring
3408:Talc
3342:onyx
3335:opal
3287:opal
3273:pink
3271:and
2983:Ruby
2674:zinc
2650:iron
2626:lead
2481:iron
2457:iron
2431:and
2383:Ores
2264:ISBN
2241:2018
2210:ISBN
2165:2018
1975:2018
1949:2018
1927:2018
1681:2018
1647:2018
1625:2018
1572:2018
1561:LCCN
1551:ISBN
1527:2018
1502:2018
1477:2018
1464:ISBN
1383:ISBN
1130:and
1036:and
1029:NASA
1021:Mars
1003:Mars
833:Elba
812:and
718:αἷμα
682:soil
674:Clay
598:and
485:and
323:5.26
168:2/m)
88:, Fe
4317:Jet
4073:red
3358:Jet
2405:tin
2095:doi
2083:110
2054:doi
2042:107
2010:doi
1998:109
1889:doi
1831:doi
1819:117
1795:doi
1783:120
1753:doi
1704:doi
1673:126
1424:doi
1282:in
1138:or
979:of
816:in
808:in
658:in
594:),
522:as
497:of
459:),
333:5.3
164:: (
159:m)
113:Hem
4490::
3151:,
3147:,
3139:–
3118:–
2310:.
2286:.
2232:.
2181:.
2135:36
2133:.
2129:.
2103:.
2093:.
2081:.
2077:.
2052:.
2040:.
2036:.
2008:.
1996:.
1992:.
1918:.
1895:.
1887:.
1877:16
1875:.
1871:.
1837:.
1829:.
1817:.
1793:.
1781:.
1777:.
1751:.
1739:.
1700:55
1698:.
1671:.
1667:.
1611:.
1600:^
1580:^
1559:.
1535:^
1518:.
1493:.
1458:.
1432:.
1422:.
1412:85
1410:.
1406:.
1150:,
1113:.
1105:.
878:.
839:.
828:.
771:Fe
744:c.
620:Fe
614:.
582:,
528:Al
499:Fe
472:Fe
455:-/
431:aɪ
416:iː
250:1}
4200:)
4196:(
4075:)
4071:(
3504:e
3497:t
3490:v
3410:)
3406:/
3402:(
3396:)
3392:/
3388:(
3337:)
3226:)
3222:(
2935:e
2928:t
2921:v
2808:)
2804:(
2796:)
2792:(
2784:)
2780:(
2772:)
2768:(
2760:)
2756:(
2748:)
2744:(
2725:)
2721:(
2713:)
2709:(
2701:)
2697:(
2676:)
2672:(
2664:)
2660:(
2652:)
2648:(
2640:)
2636:(
2628:)
2624:(
2616:)
2612:(
2604:)
2600:(
2592:)
2588:(
2580:)
2576:(
2568:)
2564:(
2556:)
2552:(
2544:)
2540:(
2519:)
2515:(
2507:)
2503:(
2495:)
2491:(
2483:)
2479:(
2471:)
2467:(
2459:)
2455:(
2447:)
2443:(
2435:)
2427:(
2419:)
2415:(
2407:)
2403:(
2363:e
2356:t
2349:v
2320:.
2296:.
2272:.
2243:.
2218:.
2191:.
2167:.
2145:.
2141::
2111:.
2097::
2089::
2062:.
2056::
2048::
2018:.
2012::
2004::
1977:.
1951:.
1929:.
1903:.
1891::
1883::
1864:3
1862:O
1860:2
1845:.
1833::
1825::
1801:.
1797::
1789::
1759:.
1755::
1747::
1741:4
1724:.
1710:.
1706::
1683:.
1649:.
1627:.
1574:.
1529:.
1504:.
1479:.
1440:.
1426::
1418::
1391:.
916:c
908:c
790:O
787:2
784:H
780:3
777:O
774:2
755:(
634:3
629:O
625:2
602:(
586:(
558:3
551:(
542:3
537:O
533:2
526:(
513:3
508:O
504:2
478:3
476:O
474:2
452:ə
449:m
446:ɛ
443:h
440:ˈ
437:,
434:t
428:t
425:ˌ
422:ə
419:m
413:h
410:ˈ
407:/
403:(
375:δ
362:ε
359:n
355:ω
352:n
248:1
201:c
196:a
183:c
181:3
179:R
166:3
157:3
102:3
100:O
98:2
94:3
92:O
90:2
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
