629:(MSF), one of the prominent critics of Sphere, argues that Sphere “tend towards being prescriptive, leaving little room for contextual adaption”, and thus is only useful in an ideal situation. Importantly, a number of French humanitarian agencies feared that donors would disburse funding based on fulfillment of Sphere standards, restricting the ability of agencies to demonstrate success in ways that are not open to formal measurement. They felt that the Sphere approach would ignore non-quantifiable aspects of humanitarian action such as solidarity and witnessing and could devalue efforts of the affected population to solve their own problems
315:) about a project for setting standards. The members of both organizations decided that it would be a good idea to pool their resources and set up a joint project. Thus, in 1997, the Sphere Project was set up with a management committee made up of representatives from each of the SCHR members and representatives from InterAction. More than 25 percent of the funds for the first phase of the project came from the member agencies of the management committee and the rest from a few government donors. From the beginning, three observers were invited to fully participate in the work of the management committee.
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charter recognizes that affected persons have a ‘right of assistance’ and describes the legal responsibility of states to guarantee that right. However, while the ‘right to dignity’ and ‘right to assist’ are clearly established in international law, the legal basis of a ‘right to assistance’ is not entirely clear. Furthermore, the right to life with dignity described in the charter is intimately linked to social, economic and political rights that are not sufficiently addressed in the charter.
25:
129:
564:
In 2015, Sphere and six other humanitarian standard initiatives formally joined to establish the
Humanitarian Standards Partnership (HSP). The aim of the Partnership is to improve the quality and accountability of humanitarian action across all sectors and a harmonized approach to support the user in
482:
Phase 2 saw the development of extensive training material for using the handbook. The training program focuses "mainly on the day-to-day work of the individual humanitarian practitioner." The main method is to use workshops for humanitarian field staff to facilitate the practical application of the
465:
Phase 2 of the project was initiated in
November focusing on the publication and dissemination of the standards and the development of training materials. In December, a first draft was published and launched both in Washington, DC, and London. The first draft notes that it was drawn up with the work
491:
The handbook was completely revised and a second edition was launched in 2004. In addition an extensive external evaluation was carried out. After 2004, Sphere took on anew form, with an expanded board replacing the project's management committee. Its focus shifted towards facilitating the work of
389:
The original objective of the Sphere
Project was to develop a humanitarian charter and associated set of minimum standards in collaboration with leading NGOs, interested donor governments and UN agencies, to both disseminate the resultant products widely within the international humanitarian system
612:
From the beginning, a decision was made that an important part of the funding would come from the sponsoring agencies themselves, with the remainder made up of funds from governmental agencies. A little over a quarter of the funds for phase 1 came from the SCHR and InterAction with the rest coming
635:
A final criticism often raised by non-Western parties is that the Sphere standards impose standardization based on “Western” benchmarks. While Sphere does promote close consultation with the affected populations, it imposes very detailed standards that may differ from the wishes of beneficiaries.
621:
Although generally well accepted, a number of criticisms have been levelled against Sphere both in terms of its humanitarian charter and minimum standards. The first critique concerns the Sphere charter. As the charter was developed by NGOs, its legal validity has been called into question. The
426:
Five sector committees were formed, each with a manager seconded by one of the sponsoring agencies. The sector committees were made up of experts drawn not only from NGOs, but also from the Red Cross and Inter-governmental agencies such as the UNHCR, WHO, and WFP. The sector committees formulated
302:
in 1994. A growing number of donor and NGO evaluations were critical of the responses and actions of many NGOs. There was growing discussion among humanitarian agencies about the lack of standards for providing humanitarian assistance. Some of the preliminary conclusions of the multi-donor Joint
303:
Evaluation of
Emergency Assistance to Rwanda were critical of the performance of humanitarian agencies in the Great Lakes crisis. A number of agencies felt that it was time to get their own houses in order and explored the idea of formulating standards for humanitarian response.
515:. Sphere is currently governed by a General Assembly, composed of all Sphere members, and overseen by an Executive Committee, whose officers are elected among the members by the General Assembly. To reflect the new status, Sphere adopted a new logo.
427:
minimum standards of assistance for each of the sectors. The intention of the project was that the setting up of minimum standards would help to improve accountability and the overall quality of humanitarian response to those affected by disasters.
565:
the application of standards. The HSP organizes joint training opportunities, research initiatives, and outreach activities. It also runs advocacy activities calling for an increased application of humanitarian standards.
552:
The
Handbook is likely the most widely known and internationally recognized tool in the field of humanitarian standards. Considering all of its editions, the Sphere Handbook has been translated in more than 30 languages.
1973:
613:
from 10 governments. As the budget expanded in Phases 2 and 3, so did the number of government donors, shifting the balance, with governments contributing about 85% of the funds for the latter two phases.
632:
Some critics feared that the standards could create unrealistic expectations while ignoring constraints. Failing to meet core Sphere standards could lead to adverse publicity, liability and reprisals.
504:(“Sphere”). The organisation also intensified its efforts on building a global community, bringing together those humanitarian practitioners sharing a commitment to improve the quality and
625:
A second criticism has been that Sphere’s “one size fits all” approach prevents humanitarians from adapting to the diverse cultural, political and security contexts in which they operate.
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July 1997 and was a sponsor of the Sphere
Project from the beginning, paying their assessed contributions for both Phases 1 and 2. They withdrew from the project at the end of Phase 2.
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1064:"Learn from the chapter authors about the Sphere Handbook revision and contribute now | Professionals in Humanitarian Assistance and Protection (PHAP)"
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The Sphere standards are periodically revised to make sure the
Handbook reflects new evidence and evolving practice in the humanitarian sector.
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474:, academic institutions, the United Nations and governmental agencies. It was posted on the Sphere Project site to allow for wide feedback.
457:
By May 1998, a draft edition of the handbook was posted on the
Internet for comments. Phase 1 was extended by four months to October 1998.
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1968:
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1983:
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Walker and Purdin wrongly indicate that MSF only joined the SCHR and the Sphere
Project half way through the process. MSF joined the
1978:
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2019:
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Simultaneously, in 1996, discussions were taking place within InterAction and the
Steering Committee for Humanitarian Response (
61:
1958:
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298:
The 1990s saw a rapid increase in the international activities of humanitarian agencies. This was particularly the case during
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The Sphere Handbook is Sphere’s flagship publication. It comprises the Humanitarian Charter, the Protection Principles, the
2059:
1824:
1539:
572:
Minimum Standards for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action (CPMS) (Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action)
68:
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1534:
896:
511:
In June 2018, Sphere launched a membership campaign, inviting humanitarian organisations to formally participate in its
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Van Brabant, Koenraad: "Regaining Perspective: The Debate over Quality Assurance and Accountability" ODI, November 2012
1998:
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In 2016, Sphere ceased its activities as a time-limited project (“the Sphere Project”) to become an independent,
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Jacqui Tong: Questionable Accountability: MSF and Sphere in 2003 in Disastrs, Volume 28 (2), June 2004, 176-189
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1506:
1314:"Raising standards in emergency relief: How useful are Sphere minimum standards for humanitarian assistance?"
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276:(formerly known as the Sphere Project) is a global movement started in 1997 aiming to improve the quality of
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Buchanan-Smith, Margie (2003); How the Sphere Project Came into Being. ODI Working Paper 215, July 2003
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of some 641 named individuals (plus countless unnamed persons), drawn from 228 organizations, including
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1732:
710:"Humanitarian standards in urban, post-disaster contexts: a study of Sphere shelter standards in Haiti"
656:
299:
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Lowry, Sean; Sphere at the end of phase II. Humanitarian Exchange Magazine 17, October 2000. pp 11–13.
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1186:"Up to the Standards? Humanitarian Standards for Market Assessment and Analysis - Webinar"
8:
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and to encourage their formal adoption and practice by relief agencies and their donors.
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The International Response to Conflict and Genocide:Lessons from the Rwanda Experience
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1234:"Humanitarian standards now available on mobile devices - News & events - CaLP"
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Switzerl, Spherec/o NRCRue de Varembé 3Geneva 1202; book, Add us to your address.
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Switzerl, Spherec/o NRCRue de Varembé 3Geneva 1202; book, Add us to your address.
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Humanitarian inclusion standards for older people and people with disabilities (
439:. Its final draft highlighted the importance of three principles in particular:
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280:. The Sphere standards are the most commonly used and most widely known set of
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Five sectors were chosen to cover the basic sectors in humanitarian response:
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1258:"Humanitarian Inclusion Standards part of Humanitarian Standards Partnership"
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326:
862:
Peter Walker, Susan Purdin (2004) Birthing Sphere. Disasters 28 (2), 100–111
759:
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2003:
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Peter Walker, Susan Purdin (2004) Birthing Sphere. Disasters 28 (2), p. 106
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people already using and promoting Sphere at national and regional levels.
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495:
364:
InterAction (165 US-based members; 62 in its Disaster Response Committee)
225:
214:
175:
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512:
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1857:
1836:
542:
24:
1369:
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737:"The Sphere Handbook | Standards for quality humanitarian response"
682:
250:
533:, and minimum humanitarian standards in four areas of response:
393:
In July 1997, the first phase of one year of the project began.
339:
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
1603:
683:"Sphere Standards | Humanitarian Charter and Minimum standards"
657:"Sphere Annual Report 2023 - Sphere-annual-report-2023-web.pdf"
546:
169:
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350:
435:
In early 1998, a working group was established to draft the
1993:
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534:
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the distinction between combatants and non-combatants, and
486:
1040:"The Handbook editions and languages | Sphere Standards"
460:
1112:"Humanitarian Standards Partnership | Sphere Standards"
496:
Phase 4, An independent, membership-based organisation
1299:
For an extensive discussion of the MSF position see:
559:
416:
575:
Livestock Emergency Guidelines and Standards (LEGS)
1486:International Humanitarian Fact-Finding Commission
1137:"Child Protection Minimum Standards Working Group"
306:
1311:
1162:"LEGS and the Humanitarian Standards Partnership"
587:Inter-Agency Network for Education in Emergencies
568:The other initiatives which compose the HSP are:
2278:
2243:United Nations response to the COVID-19 pandemic
938:"Governance and legal entity | Sphere Standards"
894:Sphere Project Newsletter No. 16 (February 2004)
651:
649:
603:, Age and Disability Capacity Program / ADCAP)
535:Water supply, sanitation and hygiene promotion
1385:
646:
2302:International responses to natural disasters
2238:Humanitarian Networks and Partnerships Weeks
1166:Livestock Emergency Guidelines and Standards
421:
1024:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
985:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1795:Yemen Relief and Reconstruction Foundation
1392:
1378:
127:
1337:
1297:MSF Position vis a vis the Sphere Project
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1092:www.humanitarianstandardspartnership.org
1002:"Welcome to the new Sphere newsletter!Â"
999:
960:
343:International Save the Children Alliance
335:International Committee of the Red Cross
616:
430:
2279:
1210:"Humanitarian Standards Partnership |"
1134:
875:, training materials can be found at
592:Minimum Standard for Market Analysis (
518:
487:Phase 3 November 2000 to December 2004
45:Please improve this article by adding
1373:
578:Minimum Economic Recovery Standards (
461:Phase 2 November 1998 to January 2000
1825:The State of the Humanitarian System
1399:
1312:Griekspoor, A.; Collins, S. (2001).
1159:
963:"Sphere is now open for membership!"
849:For more detailed descriptions see:
731:
729:
704:
702:
18:
284:. Sphere's flagship publication is
13:
2130:The State of the World's Cash 2020
2055:Central African Republic Civil War
560:Humanitarian Standards Partnership
14:
2313:
2292:Organizations established in 1997
1999:Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
1738:Koyamada International Foundation
1358:
726:
699:
585:Minimum Standards for Education (
417:Phase 1 July 1997 to October 1998
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2146:Attacks on humanitarian workers
1550:Inter-Agency Standing Committee
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831:- Humanitarian Practice Network
472:Red Cross/Red Crescent Movement
443:the right to life with dignity,
307:Original sponsors and observers
2161:Health Care In Danger Campaign
2060:Western African Ebola outbreak
1688:International Rescue Committee
1545:Humanitarian-Development Nexus
1434:International humanitarian law
829:Overseas Development Institute
816:
798:
780:
764:
753:
675:
545:; Shelter and settlement; and
157:raising humanitarian standards
1:
2108:Sexual exploitation and abuse
1507:History of the United Nations
639:
594:The Cash Learning Partnership
293:
47:secondary or tertiary sources
2223:2015 European migrant crisis
2151:Aid Worker Security Database
2025:Great Indian Famine of 1870s
1842:Global Humanitarian Overview
913:"Sphere External Evaluation"
741:handbook.spherestandards.org
508:of humanitarian assistance.
7:
1683:International Medical Corps
1555:Humanitarian Cluster System
1135:McCune, Adam (2018-07-09).
477:
400:water supply and sanitation
282:core humanitarian standards
141:; 27 years ago
10:
2318:
2228:Detention Centres in Libya
2113:Core Humanitarian Standard
1790:Network for Refugee Voices
1764:Global Refugee-Led Network
824:"The Humanitarian Charter"
607:
531:Core Humanitarian Standard
522:
384:
300:Great Lakes refugee crisis
58:"Sphere" organization
2256:
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2197:International development
2184:
2166:Kunduz hospital airstrike
2138:
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2012:
1941:
1850:
1807:
1772:
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1713:Norwegian Refugee Council
1655:
1617:
1576:
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1530:World Humanitarian Summit
1520:
1496:
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1365:Sphere (official website)
422:Setting minimum standards
409:shelter and site planning
355:World Council of Churches
347:Lutheran World Federation
261:
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232:
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16:Humanitarian organization
2070:South Sudanese Civil War
2045:2011 East Africa drought
1703:Médecins Sans Frontières
1668:Catholic Relief Services
1330:10.1136/bmj.323.7315.740
1006:us4.campaign-archive.com
967:us4.campaign-archive.com
627:Medecins Sans Frontieres
359:Médecins Sans Frontières
2297:Emergency organizations
2176:Dolo hospital airstrike
2020:Chinese Famine of 1870s
1512:1951 Refugee Convention
1429:Humanitarian principles
787:Sphere Project Proposal
502:non-profit organisation
331:Caritas Internationalis
278:humanitarian assistance
2156:World Humanitarian Day
2030:Ethiopian famine 1980s
1808:Analysis and reporting
1678:Danish Refugee Council
1656:International agencies
34:relies excessively on
2118:Sphere (organization)
2040:2010 Haiti earthquake
1903:Rachel Kiddell-Monroe
1663:Action Against Hunger
1637:The Federation (IFRC)
1470:A Memory of Solferino
601:HelpAge International
1832:The New Humanitarian
1238:www.cashlearning.org
1088:"HSPapp - Home Page"
617:Criticisms of Sphere
437:Humanitarian Charter
431:Humanitarian charter
2287:Disaster management
2171:Airstrikes on Yemen
1464:Battle of Solferino
1160:LEGS (2017-01-16).
661:spherestandards.org
525:The Sphere Handbook
519:The Sphere Handbook
483:minimum standards.
287:The Sphere Handbook
200:The Sphere Handbook
123:
1942:Donors and funding
1647:Protective Emblems
1642:National Societies
1619:Red Cross Movement
1481:Geneva Conventions
1476:Red Cross Movement
1450:1850s, Creation of
899:2007-04-23 at the
881:2007-05-19 at the
810:2007-06-09 at the
792:2007-09-27 at the
327:Care International
187:Executive Director
121:
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2248:Aid effectiveness
2139:Aid worker safety
2075:Rohingya genocide
2013:Major emergencies
1923:Michael Bloomberg
1868:Christos Christou
1803:
1802:
1728:Save the Children
1698:Médecins du Monde
1627:Seville Agreement
1563:
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1417:in conflict zones
1324:(7315): 740–742.
449:the principle of
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2216:Related articles
2085:Yemeni Civil War
2080:Syrian civil war
1878:Martin Griffiths
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1401:Humanitarian aid
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1264:. Archived from
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60: –
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54:Find sources:
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32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2258:
2202:Peacekeeping
2192:Human Rights
2117:
2103:CHS Alliance
2096:power, abuse
2035:2004 tsunami
2004:Yield Giving
1893:Peter Maurer
1754:NEAR Network
1733:World Vision
1568:Humanitarian
1540:Localisation
1521:21st-century
1468:
1459:Henry Dunant
1321:
1317:
1307:
1292:
1281:
1270:. Retrieved
1266:the original
1261:
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917:the original
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580:SEEP Network
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1863:Jan Egeland
1747:Consortiums
1708:Mercy Corps
1577:UN agencies
1262:www.cbm.org
196:Publication
176:Switzerland
2281:Categories
2094:Standards,
1933:Bill Gates
1272:2019-02-19
1243:2019-02-19
1219:2019-02-19
1195:2019-02-19
1171:2019-02-19
1146:2019-02-19
1121:2019-02-19
1097:2019-02-19
1073:2019-02-19
1049:2019-02-19
1011:2019-02-19
972:2019-02-19
947:2019-02-19
923:2007-04-03
836:2019-02-19
746:2019-02-19
719:2019-02-19
692:2019-02-19
640:References
513:governance
318:Sponsors:
294:Background
69:newspapers
36:references
1974:ECHO (EU)
1964:FCDO (UK)
1888:Hugo Slim
1858:Degan Ali
1837:ReliefWeb
543:nutrition
403:nutrition
136:Formation
2065:Iraq War
1348:11576984
1068:phap.org
1020:cite web
981:cite web
897:Archived
879:Archived
808:Archived
805:Handbook
790:Archived
537:(WASH);
478:Training
406:food aid
222:Expenses
207:Revenue
162:Location
1443:History
1339:1121289
714:ODI HPN
608:Funding
596:(CaLP))
385:Project
246:Website
154:Purpose
144: (
83:scholar
1989:France
1984:Turkey
1979:Canada
1969:Norway
1604:UNICEF
1346:
1336:
1116:Sphere
1044:Sphere
942:Sphere
856:
772:SCHRin
687:Sphere
667:7 June
663:. 2024
547:Health
470:, the
357:, and
337:, the
333:, the
274:Sphere
236:(2024)
234:Staff
209:(2023)
170:Geneva
122:Sphere
85:
78:
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1959:Japan
1954:USAID
1820:ALNAP
1785:Adeso
1718:Oxfam
1584:UNHCR
1497:Post
372:Voice
351:Oxfam
90:JSTOR
76:books
1994:OECD
1949:CERF
1780:BRAC
1759:CALP
1673:CARE
1632:ICRC
1589:OCHA
1499:WWII
1344:PMID
1026:link
987:link
860:and
854:ISBN
669:2024
541:and
468:NGOs
380:ICVA
376:ICRC
323:SCHR
313:SCHR
255:.org
146:1997
139:1997
62:news
1815:ODI
1609:WHO
1599:WFP
1594:IOM
1334:PMC
1326:doi
1322:323
1318:BMJ
251:www
226:CHF
215:CHF
38:to
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