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In a eusporangium, characteristic of all other vascular plants and some primitive ferns, the initials are in a layer (i.e., more than one). A eusporangium is larger (hence contain more spores), and its wall is multi-layered. Although the wall may be stretched and damaged, resulting in only one
465:
typically bear their microsporangia on microsporophylls aggregated into papery pollen strobili, and the ovules, are located on modified stem axes forming compound ovuliferous cone scales. Flowering plants contain microsporangia in the anthers of
460:
form their microsporangia on microsporophylls which are aggregated into strobili. Megasporangia are formed into ovules, which are borne on megasporophylls, which are aggregated into strobili on separate plants (all cycads are dioecious).
474:
inside ovaries. In all seed plants, spores are produced by meiosis and develop into gametophytes while still inside the sporangium. The microspores become microgametophytes (pollen). The megaspores become megagametophytes (embryo sacs).
442:. Sori may be covered by a structure called an indusium. Some ferns have their sporangia scattered along reduced leaf segments or along (or just in from) the margin of the leaf. Lycophytes, in contrast, bear their sporangia on the
560:(pl. columellae) is a sterile (non-reproductive) structure that extends into and supports the sporangium of some species. In fungi, the columella, which may be branched or unbranched, may be of fungal or host origin.
499:
In a leptosporangium, found only in leptosporangiate ferns, development involves a single initial cell that becomes the stalk, wall, and spores within the sporangium. There are around 64 spores in a leptosporangium.
450:. If the plant is heterosporous, the sporangia-bearing leaves are distinguished as either microsporophylls or megasporophylls. In seed plants, sporangia are typically located within
1901:
1906:
423:, which give rise to gametophytes that are functionally male or female, respectively. Most heterosporous plants there are two kinds of sporangia, termed
2039:
359:
Although sexual reproduction in fungi varies between phyla, for some fungi the sporangium plays an indirect role in sexual reproduction. For
1957:
371:
nuclei. When conditions improve, the zygosporangium germinates, undergoes meiosis and produces a sporangium, which releases spores.
1773:
256:
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824:
791:
762:
642:
111:
2239:
2204:
83:
1963:
680:
130:
383:
produces a single sporangium, which may be quite complex morphologically. Most non-vascular plants, as well as many
2107:
858:
430:
Sporangia can be terminal (on the tips) or lateral (placed along the side) of stems or associated with leaves. In
90:
1297:
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1228:
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1783:
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in response to unfavorable conditions. The haploid nuclei within the zygosporangium then fuse into
2162:
653:
344:
are formed in the sporangiophore by encasing each haploid nucleus and cytoplasm in a tough outer
57:
446:
surface (the upper side) of leaves or laterally on stems. Leaves that bear sporangia are called
2431:
2397:
1881:
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286:
232:
1610:
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8:
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363:, sexual reproduction occurs when the haploid hyphae from two individuals join to form a
326:
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species, the columella appears as an extension of the stalk into the spore mass (
400:
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147:
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surface (underside) of the leaf and are densely aggregated into clusters called
215:
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412:
305:, but in land plants and many fungi, sporangia produce genetically distinct
2223:
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1989:
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A cluster of sporangia that have become fused in development is called a
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348:. During asexual reproduction, these spores are dispersed via wind and
228:
169:
757:(4th ed.). Middlewood Green, Suffolk, U.K.: C & M Logistics.
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35:
470:(typically four microsporangia per anther) and megasporangia inside
46:
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1994:
1984:
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391:(only one kind of spore is produced). Some lycophytes, such as the
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31:
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415:(two kinds of spores are produced). These plants produce both
368:
341:
330:
294:
297:, and many other groups form sporangia at some point in their
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1354:
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1007:
431:
181:
164:
Moss sporangia (the capsule and the stalk/seta make up the
329:. The sporangium forms on the sporangiophore and contains
1627:
1189:
836:
670:
806:
321:
In some phyla of fungi, the sporangium plays a role in
566:
species have a simple, unbranched columella, while in
807:Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008).
379:In mosses, liverworts and hornworts, an unbranched
71:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
771:
478:
2423:
777:
719:University of California Museum of Paleontology
2101:
852:
483:Categorized based on developmental sequence,
1958:International Association for Plant Taxonomy
815:(10th ed.). Wallingford: CABI. p.
731:
572:species, the columella is branched. In some
495:are differentiated in the vascular plants.
2108:
2094:
859:
845:
736:(3 ed.). Cambridge University Press.
131:Learn how and when to remove this message
2115:
1902:International Code of Nomenclature (ICN)
214:
198:
187:
175:
159:
142:
800:
780:Paleobotany and the Evolution of Plants
745:
743:
715:"Life History and Ecology of the Fungi"
520:). This structure is most prominent in
434:, sporangia are typically found on the
14:
2424:
778:Stewart, W.N.; Rothwell, G.W. (1993).
675:(2nd ed.). Thompson Brooks/Cole.
551:
2089:
840:
749:
732:Webster, John; Weber, Roland (2007).
671:Rost, Thomas L.; et al. (2006).
2392:
740:
622:"Life Cycle of a Moss - Infographic"
281:are formed. It can be composed of a
69:adding citations to reliable sources
40:
27:Enclosure in which spores are formed
2404:
325:, and may play an indirect role in
270:
180:Sporangia (clustered in sori) on a
24:
301:. Sporangia can produce spores by
25:
2448:
1907:ICN for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP)
2403:
2391:
2380:
2379:
2070:
2069:
45:
219:Clusters of sporangia on a fern
56:needs additional citations for
755:New Flora of the British Isles
725:
707:
689:
664:
635:
614:
479:Eusporangia and leptosporangia
374:
13:
1:
2437:Fungal morphology and anatomy
607:
150:of a mature sporangium of an
1948:History of plant systematics
1535:Thorns, spines, and prickles
507:
211:cut open to reveal sporangia
193:Scanning electron micrograph
7:
782:(2nd ed.). Cambridge:
701:Leaving Certificate Biology
585:
277:) is an enclosure in which
10:
2453:
1764:Alternation of generations
866:
784:Cambridge University Press
255:
238:
34:-related information, see
29:
2375:
2367:List of mycology journals
2344:
2313:
2273:
2193:
2186:
2140:
2127:
2065:
2013:
1977:
1914:Cultivated plant taxonomy
1877:Biological classification
1867:
1740:
1656:
1552:
1502:
1227:
1157:
1100:
1062:
1036:
972:
892:
874:
624:. STEM Lounge. 2018-09-13
403:, and ferns, such as the
252: 'seed' and
1774:Evolutionary development
316:
1425:Hypanthium (Floral cup)
811:Dictionary of the Fungi
654:Oxford University Press
2040:by author abbreviation
1964:Plant taxonomy systems
1882:Botanical nomenclature
220:
212:
196:
195:of fern leptosporangia
185:
173:
157:
2357:List of fungal orders
2047:Botanical expeditions
734:Introduction to Fungi
650:UK English Dictionary
503:cell-layer remaining.
218:
202:
191:
179:
163:
146:
2352:Glossary of mycology
1779:Evolutionary history
1769:Double fertilization
1621:Cellular respiration
387:and most ferns, are
323:asexual reproduction
65:improve this article
2362:List of mycologists
998:Non-vascular plants
552:Internal structures
427:and megasporangia.
327:sexual reproduction
2134:Outline of lichens
1503:Surface structures
1298:Flower development
221:
213:
197:
186:
174:
158:
2419:
2418:
2309:
2308:
2205:teleomorph/sexual
2083:
2082:
1722:Herbaceous plants
1548:
1547:
826:978-0-85199-826-8
793:978-0-521-38294-6
764:978-1-5272-2630-2
703:. 4 October 2018.
269: 'vessel');
205:Equisetum arvense
141:
140:
133:
115:
16:(Redirected from
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2407:
2406:
2395:
2394:
2383:
2382:
2240:anamorph/asexual
2191:
2190:
2130:Outline of fungi
2110:
2103:
2096:
2087:
2086:
2073:
2072:
2052:Individual trees
1727:Secondary growth
1698:Succulent plants
1686:Prostrate shrubs
1569:Apical dominance
1554:Plant physiology
1515:Epicuticular wax
1060:
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1044:Plant morphology
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660:on May 28, 2020.
656:. Archived from
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289:. Virtually all
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21:
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2420:
2415:
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2321:Dimorphic fungi
2314:Growth patterns
2305:
2269:
2182:
2163:Medicinal fungi
2136:
2123:
2114:
2084:
2079:
2061:
2030:Botanical terms
2023:
2009:
1973:
1919:Citrus taxonomy
1897:Author citation
1863:
1757:
1736:
1658:
1652:
1648:Turgor pressure
1556:
1544:
1498:
1313:Floral symmetry
1231:
1223:
1153:
1142:Vascular bundle
1137:Vascular tissue
1096:
1056:
1047:
1046:
1032:
1003:Vascular plants
968:
964:Plant pathology
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602:Spore formation
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401:Lepidodendrales
393:Selaginellaceae
377:
319:
148:Photomicrograph
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117:
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62:
50:
39:
28:
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2178:Mycotoxicology
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2020:Related topics
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1969:Taxonomic rank
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1887:Botanical name
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1869:Plant taxonomy
1865:
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1860:
1859:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1845:Megasporangium
1842:
1841:
1840:
1833:Microsporangia
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1671:Cushion plants
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1606:Plant hormones
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1589:Photosynthesis
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1308:Floral formula
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1303:Floral diagram
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1232:(incl. Flower)
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1132:Storage organs
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1018:Spermatophytes
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988:Archaeplastida
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942:Phytogeography
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937:Phytochemistry
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894:Subdisciplines
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492:leptosporangia
480:
477:
425:microsporangia
399:, the extinct
376:
373:
365:zygosporangium
318:
315:
139:
138:
53:
51:
44:
26:
9:
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3:
2:
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2432:Plant anatomy
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2255:Chlamydospore
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2194:Reproduction/
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2148:Ethnomycology
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410:
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82: –
81:
77:
76:Find sources:
70:
66:
60:
59:
54:This article
52:
48:
43:
42:
37:
33:
19:
2408:
2396:
2384:
2244:
2238:
2224:Basidiospore
2203:
2158:Marine fungi
2117:Microbiology
2000:Horticulture
1990:Floriculture
1892:Correct name
1844:
1827:
1742:Reproduction
1732:Woody plants
1657:Plant growth
1616:Gas Exchange
1601:Phytomelanin
1479:Plant embryo
1229:Reproductive
1077:Phragmoplast
810:
802:
779:
773:
754:
751:Stace, C. A.
733:
727:
718:
709:
700:
691:
672:
666:
658:the original
646:
643:"sporangium"
637:
626:. Retrieved
616:
573:
569:Gymnoglossum
567:
561:
555:
543:
537:
531:
528:Marattiaceae
521:
517:
513:
511:
491:
490:
485:
484:
482:
456:
454:or flowers.
429:
409:Salviniaceae
405:Marsileaceae
378:
358:
320:
274:
263:
260:
253:
246:
243:
236:
224:
222:
203:
151:
127:
118:
108:
101:
94:
87:
80:"Sporangium"
75:
63:Please help
58:verification
55:
2410:WikiProject
2265:Pycniospore
2153:Lichenology
1816:Pollen tube
1811:Pollinators
1801:Pollination
1796:Germination
1611:Respiration
1594:Chlorophyll
1440:Pedicellate
1374:Gametophyte
1293:Aestivation
1244:Antheridium
1239:Archegonium
1087:Plasmodesma
1064:Plant cells
927:Paleobotany
922:Ethnobotany
907:Astrobotany
597:Antheridium
592:Archegonium
486:eusporangia
448:sporophylls
417:microspores
389:homosporous
375:Land plants
283:single cell
231:, from
172:generation)
2426:Categories
2286:Haustorium
2245:Sporangium
2232:Teliospore
1838:Microspore
1828:Sporangium
1806:Artificial
1494:Sporophyte
1489:Sporophyll
1484:Receptacle
1379:Gynandrium
1249:Androecium
1158:Vegetative
1028:Angiosperm
1023:Gymnosperm
917:Dendrology
628:2021-02-25
608:References
421:megaspores
397:Isoetaceae
385:lycophytes
381:sporophyte
361:Zygomycota
309:spores by
299:life cycle
285:or can be
229:Late Latin
225:sporangium
170:sporophyte
121:April 2018
91:newspapers
2301:Sporocarp
2296:Cell wall
2215:Ascospore
2210:Zygospore
2187:Structure
2035:Botanists
1953:Herbarium
1850:Megaspore
1748:Evolution
1691:Subshrubs
1659:and habit
1584:Nutrition
1579:Cellulose
1574:Bulk flow
1557:Materials
1520:Epidermis
1384:Gynoecium
1365:Endosperm
1360:Dispersal
1276:Staminode
1212:Sessility
1200:Cataphyll
1120:Mesophyll
1072:Cell wall
1013:Lycophyte
993:Bryophyte
947:Geobotany
932:Phycology
558:columella
514:synangium
508:Synangium
350:germinate
338:cytoplasm
275:sporangia
209:strobilus
36:endospore
18:Sporangia
2386:Category
2336:Mushroom
2291:Mycelium
2250:Conidium
2228:Basidium
2168:Mycology
2075:Category
1995:Forestry
1985:Agronomy
1978:Practice
1929:Cultivar
1924:Cultigen
1784:timeline
1676:Rosettes
1564:Aleurone
1540:Trichome
1457:Perianth
1269:Filament
1127:Meristem
1050:glossary
912:Bryology
753:(2019).
586:See also
575:Geastrum
563:Secotium
545:Marattia
530:such as
523:Psilotum
518:synangia
463:Conifers
452:strobili
346:membrane
168:asexual
32:bacteria
2398:Commons
2173:Mycosis
1753:Ecology
1510:Cuticle
1340:Capsule
1330:Anatomy
1281:Tapetum
1205:Petiole
1180:Rhizome
1175:Rhizoid
1102:Tissues
1092:Vacuole
1082:Plastid
884:Outline
879:History
697:"Fungi"
468:stamens
444:adaxial
436:abaxial
369:diploid
331:haploid
311:meiosis
307:haploid
303:mitosis
264:angeîon
257:ἀγγεῖον
166:diploid
153:Absidia
105:scholar
2260:Oidium
2141:Branch
2121:Fungus
2057:Plants
1960:(IAPT)
1713:Lianas
1681:Shrubs
1633:Starch
1525:Nectar
1445:Raceme
1411:Stigma
1399:Locule
1389:Carpel
1350:Pyrena
1288:Flower
1264:Anther
1259:Stamen
1254:Pollen
976:groups
868:Botany
823:
790:
761:
679:
648:Lexico
539:Danaea
472:ovules
458:Cycads
354:hyphae
342:Spores
334:nuclei
291:plants
279:spores
227:(from
107:
100:
93:
86:
78:
2331:Yeast
2281:Hypha
2274:Other
2219:Ascus
2196:spore
2017:Lists
1934:Group
1857:Spore
1791:Flora
1708:Vines
1703:Trees
1666:Habit
1638:Sugar
1530:Stoma
1472:Sepal
1467:Petal
1462:Tepal
1450:Umbel
1435:Bract
1416:Style
1404:Ovule
1394:Ovary
1335:Berry
1325:Fruit
1318:Whorl
1185:Shoot
983:Algae
974:Plant
580:gleba
516:(pl.
432:ferns
317:Fungi
295:fungi
247:sporá
240:σπορά
235:
112:JSTOR
98:books
2345:List
2326:Mold
1939:Grex
1821:Self
1355:Seed
1217:Stem
1195:Leaf
1170:Root
1165:Bulb
1149:Wood
1110:Cork
1008:Fern
821:ISBN
788:ISBN
759:ISBN
677:ISBN
542:and
526:and
489:and
440:sori
419:and
411:are
407:and
395:and
336:and
184:leaf
182:fern
156:mold
84:news
30:For
1628:Sap
1345:Nut
1190:Bud
817:161
582:).
356:.
271:pl.
67:by
2428::
2132:·
2119::
819:.
786:.
742:^
717:.
699:.
652:.
645:.
556:A
548:.
536:,
340:.
313:.
293:,
273::
223:A
2242::
2230:/
2226:/
2217:/
2207::
2109:e
2102:t
2095:v
1052:)
1048:(
860:e
853:t
846:v
829:.
796:.
767:.
721:.
685:.
631:.
267:)
261:(
250:)
244:(
134:)
128:(
123:)
119:(
109:·
102:·
95:·
88:·
61:.
38:.
20:)
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