133:
205:
189:
2370:
2060:
150:
36:
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2382:
166:
491:
In a eusporangium, characteristic of all other vascular plants and some primitive ferns, the initials are in a layer (i.e., more than one). A eusporangium is larger (hence contain more spores), and its wall is multi-layered. Although the wall may be stretched and damaged, resulting in only one
454:
typically bear their microsporangia on microsporophylls aggregated into papery pollen strobili, and the ovules, are located on modified stem axes forming compound ovuliferous cone scales. Flowering plants contain microsporangia in the anthers of
449:
form their microsporangia on microsporophylls which are aggregated into strobili. Megasporangia are formed into ovules, which are borne on megasporophylls, which are aggregated into strobili on separate plants (all cycads are dioecious).
463:
inside ovaries. In all seed plants, spores are produced by meiosis and develop into gametophytes while still inside the sporangium. The microspores become microgametophytes (pollen). The megaspores become megagametophytes (embryo sacs).
431:. Sori may be covered by a structure called an indusium. Some ferns have their sporangia scattered along reduced leaf segments or along (or just in from) the margin of the leaf. Lycophytes, in contrast, bear their sporangia on the
549:(pl. columellae) is a sterile (non-reproductive) structure that extends into and supports the sporangium of some species. In fungi, the columella, which may be branched or unbranched, may be of fungal or host origin.
488:
In a leptosporangium, found only in leptosporangiate ferns, development involves a single initial cell that becomes the stalk, wall, and spores within the sporangium. There are around 64 spores in a leptosporangium.
439:. If the plant is heterosporous, the sporangia-bearing leaves are distinguished as either microsporophylls or megasporophylls. In seed plants, sporangia are typically located within
1890:
1895:
412:, which give rise to gametophytes that are functionally male or female, respectively. Most heterosporous plants there are two kinds of sporangia, termed
2028:
348:
Although sexual reproduction in fungi varies between phyla, for some fungi the sporangium plays an indirect role in sexual reproduction. For
1946:
360:
nuclei. When conditions improve, the zygosporangium germinates, undergoes meiosis and produces a sporangium, which releases spores.
1762:
245:
2425:
813:
780:
751:
631:
100:
2228:
2193:
72:
1952:
669:
119:
372:
produces a single sporangium, which may be quite complex morphologically. Most non-vascular plants, as well as many
2096:
847:
419:
Sporangia can be terminal (on the tips) or lateral (placed along the side) of stems or associated with leaves. In
79:
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57:
1217:
228:
86:
1936:
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2018:
1772:
53:
1752:
772:
68:
2355:
1902:
2040:
1885:
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356:
in response to unfavorable conditions. The haploid nuclei within the zygosporangium then fuse into
2151:
642:
333:
are formed in the sporangiophore by encasing each haploid nucleus and cytoplasm in a tough outer
46:
435:
surface (the upper side) of leaves or laterally on stems. Leaves that bear sporangia are called
2420:
2386:
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1794:
805:
275:
221:
1599:
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2035:
521:
287:
797:
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1257:
132:
8:
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352:, sexual reproduction occurs when the haploid hyphae from two individuals join to form a
315:
93:
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193:
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703:
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1636:
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1399:
1367:
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1130:
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1016:
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567:
species, the columella appears as an extension of the stalk into the spore mass (
389:
381:
136:
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surface (underside) of the leaf and are densely aggregated into clusters called
204:
2374:
2248:
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1957:
1922:
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1404:
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1323:
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2136:
1993:
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1467:
1418:
1318:
1120:
1103:
1026:
1006:
947:
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890:
401:
294:, but in land plants and many fungi, sporangia produce genetically distinct
2212:
2146:
2105:
1988:
1978:
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A cluster of sporangia that have become fused in development is called a
405:
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338:
2274:
2220:
2074:
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1413:
1205:
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905:
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409:
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373:
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349:
337:. During asexual reproduction, these spores are dispersed via wind and
217:
158:
746:(4th ed.). Middlewood Green, Suffolk, U.K.: C & M Logistics.
149:
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2198:
1941:
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234:
197:
24:
459:(typically four microsporangia per anther) and megasporangia inside
35:
2324:
2279:
2238:
2216:
2156:
1983:
1973:
1917:
1912:
1679:
1552:
1528:
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1115:
900:
563:
551:
533:
511:
440:
380:(only one kind of spore is produced). Some lycophytes, such as the
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20:
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1168:
1163:
1080:
1070:
451:
299:
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177:
154:
141:
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1252:
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1237:
856:
685:
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527:
456:
404:(two kinds of spores are produced). These plants produce both
357:
330:
319:
283:
286:, and many other groups form sporangia at some point in their
2319:
2269:
2207:
2184:
1845:
1779:
1701:
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1313:
971:
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342:
279:
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165:
2314:
1696:
1691:
1343:
1183:
1158:
1153:
1137:
996:
420:
170:
153:
Moss sporangia (the capsule and the stalk/seta make up the
318:. The sporangium forms on the sporangiophore and contains
1616:
1178:
825:
659:
795:
310:
In some phyla of fungi, the sporangium plays a role in
555:
species have a simple, unbranched columella, while in
796:Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008).
368:In mosses, liverworts and hornworts, an unbranched
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
760:
467:
2412:
766:
708:University of California Museum of Paleontology
2090:
841:
472:Categorized based on developmental sequence,
1947:International Association for Plant Taxonomy
804:(10th ed.). Wallingford: CABI. p.
720:
561:species, the columella is branched. In some
484:are differentiated in the vascular plants.
2097:
2083:
848:
834:
725:(3 ed.). Cambridge University Press.
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
2104:
1891:International Code of Nomenclature (ICN)
203:
187:
176:
164:
148:
131:
789:
769:Paleobotany and the Evolution of Plants
734:
732:
704:"Life History and Ecology of the Fungi"
509:). This structure is most prominent in
423:, sporangia are typically found on the
2413:
767:Stewart, W.N.; Rothwell, G.W. (1993).
664:(2nd ed.). Thompson Brooks/Cole.
540:
2078:
829:
738:
721:Webster, John; Weber, Roland (2007).
660:Rost, Thomas L.; et al. (2006).
2381:
729:
611:"Life Cycle of a Moss - Infographic"
270:are formed. It can be composed of a
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
16:Enclosure in which spores are formed
2393:
314:, and may play an indirect role in
259:
169:Sporangia (clustered in sori) on a
13:
290:. Sporangia can produce spores by
14:
2437:
1896:ICN for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP)
2392:
2380:
2369:
2368:
2059:
2058:
34:
208:Clusters of sporangia on a fern
45:needs additional citations for
744:New Flora of the British Isles
714:
696:
678:
653:
624:
603:
468:Eusporangia and leptosporangia
363:
1:
2426:Fungal morphology and anatomy
596:
139:of a mature sporangium of an
1937:History of plant systematics
1524:Thorns, spines, and prickles
496:
200:cut open to reveal sporangia
182:Scanning electron micrograph
7:
771:(2nd ed.). Cambridge:
690:Leaving Certificate Biology
574:
266:) is an enclosure in which
10:
2442:
1753:Alternation of generations
855:
773:Cambridge University Press
244:
227:
23:-related information, see
18:
2364:
2356:List of mycology journals
2333:
2302:
2262:
2182:
2175:
2129:
2116:
2054:
2002:
1966:
1903:Cultivated plant taxonomy
1866:Biological classification
1856:
1729:
1645:
1541:
1491:
1216:
1146:
1089:
1051:
1025:
961:
881:
863:
613:. STEM Lounge. 2018-09-13
392:, and ferns, such as the
241: 'seed' and
1763:Evolutionary development
305:
1414:Hypanthium (Floral cup)
800:Dictionary of the Fungi
643:Oxford University Press
2029:by author abbreviation
1953:Plant taxonomy systems
1871:Botanical nomenclature
209:
201:
185:
184:of fern leptosporangia
174:
162:
146:
2346:List of fungal orders
2036:Botanical expeditions
723:Introduction to Fungi
639:UK English Dictionary
492:cell-layer remaining.
207:
191:
180:
168:
152:
135:
2341:Glossary of mycology
1768:Evolutionary history
1758:Double fertilization
1610:Cellular respiration
376:and most ferns, are
312:asexual reproduction
54:improve this article
2351:List of mycologists
987:Non-vascular plants
541:Internal structures
416:and megasporangia.
316:sexual reproduction
2123:Outline of lichens
1492:Surface structures
1287:Flower development
210:
202:
186:
175:
163:
147:
2408:
2407:
2298:
2297:
2194:teleomorph/sexual
2072:
2071:
1711:Herbaceous plants
1537:
1536:
815:978-0-85199-826-8
782:978-0-521-38294-6
753:978-1-5272-2630-2
692:. 4 October 2018.
258: 'vessel');
194:Equisetum arvense
130:
129:
122:
104:
2433:
2396:
2395:
2384:
2383:
2372:
2371:
2229:anamorph/asexual
2180:
2179:
2119:Outline of fungi
2099:
2092:
2085:
2076:
2075:
2062:
2061:
2041:Individual trees
1716:Secondary growth
1687:Succulent plants
1675:Prostrate shrubs
1558:Apical dominance
1543:Plant physiology
1504:Epicuticular wax
1049:
1048:
1042:
1033:Plant morphology
850:
843:
836:
827:
826:
820:
819:
803:
793:
787:
786:
764:
758:
757:
736:
727:
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718:
712:
711:
700:
694:
693:
682:
676:
675:
657:
651:
650:
649:on May 28, 2020.
645:. Archived from
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621:
619:
618:
607:
278:. Virtually all
261:
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231:
125:
118:
114:
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62:
38:
30:
2441:
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2435:
2434:
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2430:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2360:
2329:
2310:Dimorphic fungi
2303:Growth patterns
2294:
2258:
2171:
2152:Medicinal fungi
2125:
2112:
2103:
2073:
2068:
2050:
2019:Botanical terms
2012:
1998:
1962:
1908:Citrus taxonomy
1886:Author citation
1852:
1746:
1725:
1647:
1641:
1637:Turgor pressure
1545:
1533:
1487:
1302:Floral symmetry
1220:
1212:
1142:
1131:Vascular bundle
1126:Vascular tissue
1085:
1045:
1036:
1035:
1021:
992:Vascular plants
957:
953:Plant pathology
877:
859:
854:
824:
823:
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654:
630:
629:
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591:Spore formation
577:
543:
499:
470:
390:Lepidodendrales
382:Selaginellaceae
366:
308:
137:Photomicrograph
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2439:
2429:
2428:
2423:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2390:
2378:
2365:
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2337:
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2300:
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2256:
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2236:
2224:
2223:
2210:
2201:
2189:
2187:
2177:
2173:
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2170:
2169:
2167:Mycotoxicology
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2133:
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2127:
2126:
2117:
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2094:
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2079:
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2051:
2049:
2048:
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2015:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2009:Related topics
2007:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
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1963:
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1960:
1958:Taxonomic rank
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1910:
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1899:
1898:
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1876:Botanical name
1868:
1862:
1860:
1858:Plant taxonomy
1854:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1842:
1841:
1834:Megasporangium
1831:
1830:
1829:
1822:Microsporangia
1814:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1749:
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1744:
1739:
1733:
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1726:
1724:
1723:
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1705:
1704:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1667:
1662:
1660:Cushion plants
1651:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1607:
1597:
1595:Plant hormones
1592:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1578:Photosynthesis
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1549:
1547:
1539:
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1534:
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1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
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1493:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1464:
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1458:
1453:
1443:
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1436:
1431:
1426:
1416:
1411:
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1351:
1341:
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1331:
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1311:
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1304:
1299:
1297:Floral formula
1294:
1292:Floral diagram
1289:
1284:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1245:
1235:
1230:
1224:
1222:
1221:(incl. Flower)
1214:
1213:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1181:
1171:
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1156:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1123:
1121:Storage organs
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1095:
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1087:
1086:
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1083:
1078:
1073:
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1055:
1046:
1044:
1043:
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1023:
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1020:
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1009:
1007:Spermatophytes
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
977:Archaeplastida
974:
968:
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959:
958:
956:
955:
950:
945:
940:
939:
938:
931:Phytogeography
928:
926:Phytochemistry
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903:
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893:
887:
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883:Subdisciplines
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860:
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728:
713:
695:
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652:
623:
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594:
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588:
583:
576:
573:
542:
539:
498:
495:
494:
493:
489:
481:leptosporangia
469:
466:
414:microsporangia
388:, the extinct
365:
362:
354:zygosporangium
307:
304:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2438:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2421:Plant anatomy
2419:
2418:
2416:
2401:
2400:
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2388:
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2271:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2244:Chlamydospore
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2225:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2183:Reproduction/
2181:
2178:
2174:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2137:Ethnomycology
2135:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2100:
2095:
2093:
2088:
2086:
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2077:
2065:
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2034:
2030:
2027:
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2020:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2001:
1995:
1994:Phytochemical
1992:
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1987:
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1982:
1980:
1977:
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1419:Inflorescence
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1104:Ground tissue
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1027:Plant anatomy
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948:Plant ecology
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943:Plant anatomy
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891:Archaeobotany
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662:Plant Biology
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399:
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276:multicellular
273:
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222:Ancient Greek
219:
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71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
26:
22:
2397:
2385:
2373:
2233:
2227:
2213:Basidiospore
2192:
2147:Marine fungi
2106:Microbiology
1989:Horticulture
1979:Floriculture
1881:Correct name
1833:
1816:
1731:Reproduction
1721:Woody plants
1646:Plant growth
1605:Gas Exchange
1590:Phytomelanin
1468:Plant embryo
1218:Reproductive
1066:Phragmoplast
799:
791:
768:
762:
743:
740:Stace, C. A.
722:
716:
707:
698:
689:
680:
661:
655:
647:the original
635:
632:"sporangium"
626:
615:. Retrieved
605:
562:
558:Gymnoglossum
556:
550:
544:
532:
526:
520:
517:Marattiaceae
510:
506:
502:
500:
480:
479:
474:
473:
471:
445:
443:or flowers.
418:
398:Salviniaceae
394:Marsileaceae
367:
347:
309:
263:
252:
249:
242:
235:
232:
225:
213:
211:
192:
140:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
69:"Sporangium"
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2399:WikiProject
2254:Pycniospore
2142:Lichenology
1805:Pollen tube
1800:Pollinators
1790:Pollination
1785:Germination
1600:Respiration
1583:Chlorophyll
1429:Pedicellate
1363:Gametophyte
1282:Aestivation
1233:Antheridium
1228:Archegonium
1076:Plasmodesma
1053:Plant cells
916:Paleobotany
911:Ethnobotany
896:Astrobotany
586:Antheridium
581:Archegonium
475:eusporangia
437:sporophylls
406:microspores
378:homosporous
364:Land plants
272:single cell
220:, from
161:generation)
2415:Categories
2275:Haustorium
2234:Sporangium
2221:Teliospore
1827:Microspore
1817:Sporangium
1795:Artificial
1483:Sporophyte
1478:Sporophyll
1473:Receptacle
1368:Gynandrium
1238:Androecium
1147:Vegetative
1017:Angiosperm
1012:Gymnosperm
906:Dendrology
617:2021-02-25
597:References
410:megaspores
386:Isoetaceae
374:lycophytes
370:sporophyte
350:Zygomycota
298:spores by
288:life cycle
274:or can be
218:Late Latin
214:sporangium
159:sporophyte
110:April 2018
80:newspapers
2290:Sporocarp
2285:Cell wall
2204:Ascospore
2199:Zygospore
2176:Structure
2024:Botanists
1942:Herbarium
1839:Megaspore
1737:Evolution
1680:Subshrubs
1648:and habit
1573:Nutrition
1568:Cellulose
1563:Bulk flow
1546:Materials
1509:Epidermis
1373:Gynoecium
1354:Endosperm
1349:Dispersal
1265:Staminode
1201:Sessility
1189:Cataphyll
1109:Mesophyll
1061:Cell wall
1002:Lycophyte
982:Bryophyte
936:Geobotany
921:Phycology
547:columella
503:synangium
497:Synangium
339:germinate
327:cytoplasm
264:sporangia
198:strobilus
25:endospore
2375:Category
2325:Mushroom
2280:Mycelium
2239:Conidium
2217:Basidium
2157:Mycology
2064:Category
1984:Forestry
1974:Agronomy
1967:Practice
1918:Cultivar
1913:Cultigen
1773:timeline
1665:Rosettes
1553:Aleurone
1529:Trichome
1446:Perianth
1258:Filament
1116:Meristem
1039:glossary
901:Bryology
742:(2019).
575:See also
564:Geastrum
552:Secotium
534:Marattia
519:such as
512:Psilotum
507:synangia
452:Conifers
441:strobili
335:membrane
157:asexual
21:bacteria
2387:Commons
2162:Mycosis
1742:Ecology
1499:Cuticle
1329:Capsule
1319:Anatomy
1270:Tapetum
1194:Petiole
1169:Rhizome
1164:Rhizoid
1091:Tissues
1081:Vacuole
1071:Plastid
873:Outline
868:History
686:"Fungi"
457:stamens
433:adaxial
425:abaxial
358:diploid
320:haploid
300:meiosis
296:haploid
292:mitosis
253:angeîon
246:ἀγγεῖον
155:diploid
142:Absidia
94:scholar
2249:Oidium
2130:Branch
2110:Fungus
2046:Plants
1949:(IAPT)
1702:Lianas
1670:Shrubs
1622:Starch
1514:Nectar
1434:Raceme
1400:Stigma
1388:Locule
1378:Carpel
1339:Pyrena
1277:Flower
1253:Anther
1248:Stamen
1243:Pollen
965:groups
857:Botany
812:
779:
750:
668:
637:Lexico
528:Danaea
461:ovules
447:Cycads
343:hyphae
331:Spores
323:nuclei
280:plants
268:spores
216:(from
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2320:Yeast
2270:Hypha
2263:Other
2208:Ascus
2185:spore
2006:Lists
1923:Group
1846:Spore
1780:Flora
1697:Vines
1692:Trees
1655:Habit
1627:Sugar
1519:Stoma
1461:Sepal
1456:Petal
1451:Tepal
1439:Umbel
1424:Bract
1405:Style
1393:Ovule
1383:Ovary
1324:Berry
1314:Fruit
1307:Whorl
1174:Shoot
972:Algae
963:Plant
569:gleba
505:(pl.
421:ferns
306:Fungi
284:fungi
236:sporá
229:σπορά
224:
101:JSTOR
87:books
2334:List
2315:Mold
1928:Grex
1810:Self
1344:Seed
1206:Stem
1184:Leaf
1159:Root
1154:Bulb
1138:Wood
1099:Cork
997:Fern
810:ISBN
777:ISBN
748:ISBN
666:ISBN
531:and
515:and
478:and
429:sori
408:and
400:are
396:and
384:and
325:and
173:leaf
171:fern
145:mold
73:news
19:For
1617:Sap
1334:Nut
1179:Bud
806:161
571:).
345:.
260:pl.
56:by
2417::
2121:·
2108::
808:.
775:.
731:^
706:.
688:.
641:.
634:.
545:A
537:.
525:,
329:.
302:.
282:,
262::
212:A
2231::
2219:/
2215:/
2206:/
2196::
2098:e
2091:t
2084:v
1041:)
1037:(
849:e
842:t
835:v
818:.
785:.
756:.
710:.
674:.
620:.
256:)
250:(
239:)
233:(
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
