Chad of Mercia - Knowledge

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about the work of Chad in Mercia, implying that in style and substance it was a continuation of what he had done in Northumbria. The area he covered was very large, stretching across England from coast to coast. It was also, in many places, difficult terrain, with woodland, heath and mountain over much of the centre and large areas of marshland to the east. Bede does tell us that Chad built for himself a small house at Lichfield, a short distance from the church, sufficient to hold his core of seven or eight brothers, who gathered to pray and study with him there when he was not out on business.

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the oratory itself. Then there was silence for half an hour, followed by the same singing going back the way it had come. Owin at first did nothing, but about an hour later Chad called him in and told him to fetch the seven brothers from the church. Chad gave his final address to the brothers, urging them to keep the monastic discipline they had learnt. Only after this did he tell them that he knew his own death was near, speaking of death as "that friendly guest who is used to visiting the brethren". He asked them to pray, then blessed and dismissed them. The brothers left, sad and downcast.

519:. Egbert recalled later that he and Chad "followed the monastic life together very strictly – in prayers and continence, and in meditation on Holy Scripture". Some of the scholars quickly settled in Irish monasteries, while others wandered from one master to another in search of knowledge. Bede says that the Irish monks gladly taught them and fed them, and even let them use their valuable books, without charge. Since books were all produced by hand, with painstaking attention to detail, this was astonishingly generous. 528: 988:

days on 2 March, which remains his feast day. Bede wrote that: "he had always looked forward to this day, or rather his mind had always been on the Day of the Lord". Many years later, his old friend Egbert told a visitor that someone in Ireland had seen the heavenly company coming for Chad's soul and returning with it to heaven. Significantly, with the heavenly host was Cedd. Bede was not sure whether or not the vision was actually Egbert's own.

287: 5239: 980:. Bede has stressed throughout his narrative that Chad's holiness communicated across boundaries of culture and politics, to Theodore, for example, in his own lifetime. The death story is clearly of supreme importance to Bede, confirming Chad's holiness and vindicating his life. The account occupies considerably more space in Bede's account than all the rest of Chad's ministry in Northumbria and Mercia together. 2471: 64: 1788: 1727: 605:, who was one of his students at Lastingham. Chad used to break off reading whenever a gale sprang up and call on God to have pity on humanity. If the storm intensified, he would shut his book altogether and prostrate himself in prayer. During prolonged storms or thunderstorms he would go into the church itself to pray and sing 571:

indicates the brothers ties with Northumbria's ruling dynasty. Laestingaeu was clearly conceived as a base for the family and destined to be under their control for the foreseeable future – not an unusual arrangement in this period. Cedd was stricken by the plague, and upon his death in 664, Chad succeeded him as abbot.

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Bede noted that Owin was working outside the oratory at Lichfield. Inside, Chad studied alone because the other monks were at worship in the church. Suddenly Owin heard the sound of joyful singing, coming from heaven, at first to the south-east, but gradually coming closer until it filled the roof of

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Chad worked in Mercia and Lindsey for only two and a half years before he too died during a plague. Yet St. Bede could write in a letter that Mercia came to the faith and Essex was recovered for it by the two brothers Cedd and Chad. In other words, Bede considered that Chad's two years as bishop were

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refused to consecrate a new bishop. Instead he recalled Chad out of his retirement at Lastingham. According to Bede, Theodore was greatly impressed by Chad's humility and holiness. This was displayed particularly in his refusal to use a horse: he insisted on walking everywhere. Despite his regard for

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until calm returned. His monks obviously regarded this as an extreme reaction even to English weather and asked him to explain. Chad explained that storms are sent by God to remind humans of the day of judgement and to humble their pride. The typically Celtic Christian involvement with nature was not

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was on his death-bed and kept praying to St Chad. When the priest hearing his last confession, Fr Peter Turner SJ, asked him why he called upon Chad. Henry replied, "because his bones are in the head of my bed". He instructed his wife to give the relics to the priest, whence some of the relics found

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was dead and his replacement was still awaited. Bede does not tell us why Chad diverted to Canterbury. The journey seems pointless, since the archbishop had died three years previously, which must have been well known in Northumbria, and was the very reason Wilfrid had to go abroad. The most obvious

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to Deira, so it is not clear whether Bede is simply echoing the practice of his own day, or whether Oswiu and Chad were considering a territorial basis and a see for his episcopate. It is quite clear that Oswiu intended Chad to be bishop over the entire Northumbrian people, over-riding the claims of

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Under the patronage of Wulfhere, many monasteries were founded by Wilfrid and the site at Lichfield was selected as the centre for the new Mercian diocese. Archbishop Theodore made Chad Bishop of Mercia in 669. The Lichfield minster was similar to that at Lastingham, and Bede made clear that it was

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Owin returned a little later and saw Chad privately. He asked about the singing. Chad told him that he must keep it to himself for the time being: angels had come to call him to his heavenly reward, and in seven days they would return to fetch him. So it was that Chad weakened and died after seven

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Chad then proceeded to carry out much missionary and pastoral work within the kingdom. Bede tells us that Chad governed the bishopric of the Mercians and of the people of Lindsey 'in the manner of the ancient fathers and in great perfection of life'. However, Bede gives little concrete information

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Bede implies that Oswiu decided to take further action because Wilfrid was away for longer than expected. It is unclear whether Oswiu changed his mind about Wilfrid, or whether he despaired of his return, or whether he never really intended him to become bishop but used this opportunity to get him

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In November 2022, one bone relic was returned to Lichfield Cathedral and is housed in a new shrine in the retrochoir and close to where they were located in medieval times. Lichfield Cathedral is a significant pilgrimage church-cathedral and the new shrine is a focus for all pilgrims ending their

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arrived in England. He immediately set off on a tour of the country, tackling abuses of which he had been forewarned. He instructed Chad to step down and Wilfrid to take over. According to Bede, Theodore was so impressed by Chad's show of humility that he confirmed his ordination as bishop, while

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to ordain priests. Bede tells us that the net effect of his efforts on the Church was that the Irish monks who still lived in Northumbria either came fully into line with Catholic practices or left for home. Nevertheless, Bede cannot conceal that Oswiu and Chad had broken significantly with Roman

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Bede describes Chad at this point as "a diligent performer in deed of what he had learnt in the Scriptures should be done." Bede also tells us that Chad was teaching the values of Aidan and Cedd. His life was one of constant travel. Bede says that Chad visited continually the towns, countryside,

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because of his facility with all of the relevant languages. Cedd was not the only prominent churchman to die of plague shortly after the synod. This was one of several outbreaks of the plague; they badly hit the ranks of the Church leadership, with most of the bishops in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms

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The relics, six bones, were enshrined on the Altar of St Chad's Cathedral. They were examined by the Oxford Archaeological Laboratory by carbon-dating techniques in 1985, and all but one of the bones (which was a third femur, and therefore could not have come from Bishop Chad) were dated to the

369:. Chad seems to have been Cedd's junior, arriving on the political scene about ten years after Cedd. It is reasonable to suppose that Chad and his brothers were drawn from the Northumbrian nobility. They certainly had close connections throughout the Northumbrian ruling class. However, the name 798:

In c. 666, Wilfrid returned from Neustria, "bringing many rules of Catholic observance", as Bede says. He found Chad already occupying the same position. It seems that he did not in fact challenge Chad's pre-eminence in his own area. Rather, he would have worked assiduously to build up his own

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Bede says that Cedd "fasted strictly in order to cleanse it from the filth of wickedness previously committed there". On the thirtieth day of his forty-day fast, he was called away on urgent business. Cynibil, another of his brothers, took over the fast for the remaining ten days. The incident

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Bede's account of Chad's death strongly confirms the main themes of his life. Primarily he was a monastic leader, deeply involved in the fairly small communities of loyal brothers who formed his mission team. His consciousness was strongly eschatological: focussed on the last things and their

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to seek ordination. This was on the initiative of Alfrid, sub-king of Deira, although presumably Oswiu knew and approved this action at the time. Bede tells us that Alfrid sought a bishop for himself and his own people. This probably means the people of Deira. According to Bede, Tuda had been

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seventh century, and were authenticated as 'true relics' by the Vatican authorities. In 1919, an Annual Mass and Solemn Outdoor Procession of the Relics was held at St Chad's Cathedral in Birmingham. This observance continues to the present, on the Saturday nearest to his Feast Day, 2 March.

1440:. The students of the school wear the famous cross of St Chad which is the school's logo. The motto of the School is ‘Lignum Crucis Arbor Scientae’ which is Latin for ‘The Wood of the Cross is the Tree of Knowledge’. There are also depictions of him in the School's Quadrangle. 765:

and two British, i.e. Welsh, bishops. None of these bishops was recognised by Rome. Bede points out that "at that time there was no other bishop in all Britain canonically ordained except Wini" and the latter had been installed irregularly by the king of the West Saxons.

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The transmission of the relics after the Reformation was tortuous. At the dissolution of the Shrine on the instructions of King Henry VIII in 1538, Prebendary Arthur Dudley of Lichfield Cathedral removed and passed them to his nieces, Bridget and Katherine Dudley, of

1383:("church") toponyms incorporate the name of the dedicatee more often than that of the patron. The chapel dates back to the 14th century, but the site is much older, possibly dating back to the 7th century when it is believed St Chad visited to bless the well there. 2308: 895:

that formed the core of the wider Mercian polity. It was their sub-king, Peada, who had secured the services of Chad's brother Cedd in 653, and they were frequently considered separately from the Mercians proper, a people who lived further to the west and north.

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were translated to a new shrine. He remained the centre of an important cult, focused on healing, throughout the Middle Ages. The cult had twin foci: his tomb in the nave and more particularly his skull, kept in a special Head Chapel, alongside the south choir

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It is possible that he had only recently returned from Ireland when prominence was thrust upon him. However, the growing importance of his family within the Northumbrian state is clear from Bede's account of Cedd's career of the founding of their monastery at

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reason for Chad's tortuous travels would be that he was also on a diplomatic mission from Oswiu, seeking to build an encircling alliance around Mercia, which was rapidly recovering from its position of weakness. From Canterbury he travelled to

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Wilfrid met with his own teacher and patron, Agilbert, a spokesman for the Roman side at Whitby, who had been made bishop of Paris. Agilbert set in motion the process of ordaining Wilfrid canonically, summoning several bishops to

594:, Oswiu's younger son. He decided to renounce the world, and as a sign of this appeared at Lastingham in ragged clothes and carrying an axe. He had come primarily to work manually. He became one of Chad's closest associates. 1454:

Chad remains a fairly popular given name, one of the few personal names current among 7th century Anglo-Saxons to do so. However, it was very little used for many centuries before a modest revival in the mid-20th century.

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There are no portraits or descriptions of St Chad from his own time. The only hint comes in the legend of Theodore lifting him bodily into the saddle, possibly suggesting that he was remembered as small in stature.

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Chad faced the same problem over ordination as Wilfrid, and so set off to seek ordination amid the chaos caused by the plague. Bede tells us that he travelled first to Canterbury, where he found that Archbishop

1146: 641:, probably the elder brother, had become a very prominent figure in the Church while Chad was in Ireland. Probably as a newly ordained priest, he was sent in 653 by Oswiu on a difficult mission to the 1056:. When his chapel was cleared after his death, his chaplain, Fr Benjamin Hulme, discovered the box containing the relics, which were examined and presented to Bishop Thomas Walsh, the Roman Catholic 492:

In 664, the twenty-five year old Egbert barely survived a plague that had killed all his other companions. Chad had by then already left Ireland to help his brother Cedd establish the monastery of

951:, allowing rapid communication along surviving Roman roads with Lastingham. Chad remained abbot of Lastingham throughout his life, as well as heading the communities at both Lichfield and Barrow. 645:, at the request of their sub-king Peada, part of a developing pattern of Northumbrian intervention in Mercian affairs. After perhaps a year, he was recalled and sent on a similar mission to the 583:, when many Church leaders had been wiped out by the plague – among them Cedd, who died that year at Lastingham. On the death of his elder brother, Chad succeeded to the position of abbot. 1334:. Originally, it was a Catholic church and boys' school. In 1964, it became an Anglican school for girls, called St Chad's Girls' School. Today, it is a protected historic building in Regina. 631:. This concentration of ecclesiastical power and influence within the network of a noble family was probably common in Anglo-Saxon England: an obvious parallel would be the children of King 2615: 928:. He travelled about on foot until the Archbishop of Canterbury gave him a horse and ordered him to ride it, at least on long journeys. Chad's shrine at Lichfield, sponsored by Bishop 717: 790:, were almost always performed by a bishop, and for decades to come they were generally carried out in mass ceremonies, probably with little systematic instruction or counselling. 649:, being ordained bishop shortly afterwards. Cedd's position as both a Christian missionary and a royal emissary compelled him to travel often between Essex and Northumbria. 340:

by that master ". In other words, Bede considered himself to stand in the spiritual lineage of Chad and had gathered information from at least one who knew him personally.

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insisting he step down from his position. Chad retired gracefully and returned to his post as abbot of Lastingham, leaving Wilfrid as bishop of the Northumbrians at York.

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in 663/4, which he shows resolving the main issues of practice in the Northumbrian Church in favour of Roman practice. Cedd is shown acting as the main go-between in the

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until his death (655). Penda had allowed bishops to operate in Mercia, although none had succeeded in establishing the Church securely without active royal support.

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was a medicinal well dedicated to St Chad. It was destroyed by the Midland Railway company in 1860, and is remembered in the street name of St Chad's Place.

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and the biography of Bishop Wilfrid written by Stephen of Ripon. Bede tells us that he obtained his information about Chad and his brother, Cedd, from the

875:, was under Mercian control, although it had in the past sometimes fallen under Northumbrian control. Later Anglo-Saxon episcopal lists sometimes add the 442:

A number of ecclesiastical settlements were established in 7th century Ireland to accommodate European monks, particularly Anglo-Saxon monks. Around 668,

4431: 4411: 2189: 4426: 4274: 1988: 679:, who lived only a short time after his accession. The tortuous process of replacing him is covered by Bede briefly, but in some respects puzzlingly. 1206:

of the saint: about eight long bones. It is the only cathedral in England that has the relics of its patron saint enshrined upon its high altar. The

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is named for him. Further afield, there is a considerable number of dedications in areas associated with Chad's career, like the churches in

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rule was slowly spreading across Western Europe. Chad was trained in an entirely distinct monastic tradition that tended to look back to

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as a monk before he was ordained a priest, but Bede does not explicitly mention this. One of his companions in Ireland would have been

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monastery of a later date has been excavated. This was easily reached by river from the Midlands and close to an easy crossing of the

739:. York later became the diocesan city partly because it had already been designated as such in the earlier Roman-sponsored mission of 731:, but was more likely made Bishop of Northumbria. Bede generally uses ethnic, not geographical, designations for Chad and other early 473:. Egbert was of the Anglian nobility, probably from Northumbria. Bede places them among English scholars who arrived in Ireland while 5269: 4521: 3772: 1052:, in France. In the early 19th century, they found their way into the hands of Sir Thomas Fitzherbert-Brockholes of Aston Hall, near 5055: 4238: 3265: 5314: 5309: 5160: 2057: 1057: 5030: 4787: 2338: 1080: 867:). Bede tells us that Chad was actually the third bishop agreed by Wulfhere, making him the fifth bishop of the Mercians. The 567:. Caelin introduced Ethelwold to Cedd. The monastery became a base for Cedd, who was serving as a missionary bishop in Essex. 5304: 3152: 2450:

The Life of St.Chad, an Old English Homily edited with introduction, notes, illustrative texts and glossary by R. Vleeskruyer

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were bishops at Lindisfarne. This suggests that they left for Ireland some time after Aidan's death in 651. They went to

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partly staffed by monks from Lastingham, including Chad's faithful retainer, Owin. Lichfield was very close to the old

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as the Flagship Woodard School of the Midlands. The school was founded as St Chad's College, Denstone. The School's

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Chad, Theodore ordered him to ride on long journeys and went so far as to lift him into the saddle on one occasion.

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Bede tells us of a man called Owin (Owen), who appeared at the door of Lastingham. Owin was a household official of

3901: 1225: 3792: 3009: 2475: 1312: 489:, for further study. In the controversy over the keeping of Easter, Rath Melsigi accepted the Roman computation. 4032: 4571: 4436: 3757: 3475: 3080: 2824: 411:. In fact, Bede attributes the general pattern of Chad's ministry to the example of Aidan and his own brother, 2455:

Lepine, David (2021) 'Glorious Confessor. The cult of St Chad at Lichfield Cathedral during the Middle Ages'.

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practice in many ways and that the Church in Northumbria had been divided by the ordination of rival bishops.

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bishops. However at this point, he does also refer to Oswiu's desire that Chad become bishop of the church in

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preoccupation but a determination to read in it the mind of God, particularly in relation to the last things.

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as an exemplar. The Irish and early Anglo-Saxon monasticism experienced by Chad was peripatetic, stressed

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dedicated to Chad or Cedd, but modern scholars give the etymology of the name as "Cydela's monastery".

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Wulfhere also donated land sufficient for fifty families at a place in Lindsey, referred to by Bede as

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Chad died on 2 March 672, and was buried near the Church of Saint Mary which later became part of the

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Chad was invited then to become bishop of the Northumbrians by King Oswiu. Chad is often listed as a

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Chad was consecrated bishop of the Mercians (literally, frontier people) and of the Lindsey people (

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to his responsibilities. They were a distinct part of the Mercian kingdom, centred on the middle

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for the ceremony. Bede tells us that he then lingered abroad for some time after his ordination.

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Grave and shrine tower was discovered in 2003 under the east end of Lichfield Cathedral nave.

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in 635 and died in 651. Chad must have studied at Lindisfarne some time between these years.

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and is credited, together with Bishop Wilfrid of Ripon, with introducing Christianity to the

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style by George Steuart, on a different site but with the same dedication. Parish Church in

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Due to the somewhat confused nature of Chad's appointment and the continued references to '

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consciousness and its effect on others is brought to life in a reminiscence attributed to

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succeeded as abbot of Lindisfarne by Eata, who had been elevated to the rank of bishop.

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The only major fact that Bede gives about Chad's early life is that he was a student of

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Chad's first appearance as an ecclesiastical prelate occurs in 664, shortly after the

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St. Chad's Day (2 March) is traditionally considered the most propitious day to sow

1467:', small pieces of ballot papers punched out by voters using voting machines in the 992:

significance. Finally, he was inextricably linked with Cedd and his other brothers.

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Wilfrid, abbot, bishop, saint: papers from the 1300th anniversary conferences

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Wilfrid, abbot, bishop, saint: papers from the 1300th anniversary conferences

976:. Bede relates the death story as that of a man who was already regarded as a 587: 5253: 5243: 4142: 4011: 4001: 3976: 3847: 3842: 3832: 3713: 3640: 3585: 3570: 3239: 3188: 3065: 3004: 2964: 2929: 2878: 1792: 1782: 1731: 1721: 1436:

is named as the Chapel of St Chad with depictions of him around the chapel's

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of elections, although the Church has designated a later English official,

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Koch, J.T., (2006) Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia, ABC-CLIO,

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had converted to Christianity, although Penda himself had remained a

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Vol. 3. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. 28 September 2021

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An example of a late sculpture of St Chad, from St Chad's Church,

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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

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dead, including the archbishop of Canterbury. Bede tells us that

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The Conversion of Europe: From Paganism to Christianity 371–1386

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Occasional paper, 5: St Chad – Patron Saint of Medicinal Springs

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Ecclesiastical History of the English People, Book 3, chapter 24

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Ecclesiastical History of the English People, Book 3, chapter 25

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Ecclesiastical History of the English People, Book 3, chapter 27

1709:

Ecclesiastical History of the English People, Book 3, chapter 28

1649:

Ecclesiastical History of the English People, Book 3, chapter 23

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and returned to Ireland. Less than three years later he erected

4974: 4923: 4802: 4541: 4264: 4223: 4183: 3951: 3936: 3405: 2708: 2693: 2470: 1834:

Ecclesiastical History of the English People, Book 4, chapter 2

1722:

Grattan-Flood, William. "St. Colman." The Catholic Encyclopedia

1629:

Ecclesiastical History of the English People, Book 4, chapter 3

1433: 1391: 1137: 892: 804: 771: 754: 606: 437: 366: 306: 216: 205: 1724:

Vol. 4. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. 23 April 2019

5216: 4817: 4057: 4006: 3986: 3981: 2646: 1330:

In Canada, St Chad's Chapel and College was built in 1918 in

1300: 1203: 1032: 1027: 1023: 977: 850: 846: 800: 667: 385: 384:

origin. It is an element found in the personal names of many

377: 325: 252: 63: 43: 2137:"A concise history of Brasenose - Brasenose College, Oxford" 5135: 4807: 4717: 4677: 4112: 1764: 1043:. In 1651, they reappeared when a farmer Henry Hodgetts of 808: 803:. He did, however, assert his episcopal rank by going into 736: 638: 427: 412: 358: 317: 271: 267: 1798: 1752: 1019:(Book of Saints). His feast day is celebrated on 2 March. 774:. Clearly, the model he followed was one of the bishop as 1494:, although other listings do not mention this patronage. 1401:

was thought by one 19th-century author to be named for a

388:

princes and nobles of the period and signifies "battle".

312:

Most of what is known of Chad comes from the writings of

2111:"Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of the Southern Cross" 236:, where bones attributed to Chad were installed in 1841. 1213:, at the site of his burial, is dedicated to Chad, and 2231: 2058:"Church of Saint Chad, Montford, Shropshire (1055118)" 1783:

Burton, Edwin. "St. Ceadda." The Catholic Encyclopedia

1509:

St. Chad's College is a college of Durham University.

1339:

Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of the Southern Cross

5227: 1609:

Ecclesiastical History of the English People, Preface

1315:

in London, as well as some in the Commonwealth, like

1012:

and is also noted as a saint in a new edition of the

799:

support in sympathetic monasteries, like Gilling and

1558:

Ecclesiastical History of the English People by Bede

454:

exclusively for the English monks in the village of

3287: 2052: 845:requested a bishop. Wulfhere and the other sons of 465:Chad is thought to have completed his education in 328:. Bede also refers to information he received from 1962: 1221:. The site of the medieval shrine is also marked. 3916: 2425:The Coming of Christianity to Anglo-Saxon England 2211:Ben, Weinreb; Christopher, Hibbert, eds. (1987). 1551: 1172:A sculpture of St. Chad unveiled in 2021 outside 590:, an East Anglian princess who had come to marry 353:Chad was one of four brothers, all active in the 5251: 2860:Robert de Limesey (previously Bishop of Chester) 1661: 920:Wulfhere also gave Chad land for a monastery at 1259:dedicated to Chad, while the nearby village of 1022:According to St. Bede, Chad was venerated as a 292:The old Englisch Homely on the life of St. Chad 247:(died 2 March 672) was a prominent 7th-century 208:, holding a triple-spired cathedral (Lichfield) 2669:, Bishop of the Mercians & the Lindisfaras 2210: 954: 652: 3902: 3273: 2616: 511:practices and had a strong focus on Biblical 2418: 1804: 1770: 1758: 1243:Dedications are densely concentrated in the 1232:(with Chad's Well, where traditionally Chad 871:, covering the north-eastern area of modern 770:cottages, villages and houses to preach the 438:Travels in Ireland and dating of Chad's life 30:For the 8th century bishop of Hereford, see 2266: 2018:. Church Publishing, Inc. 1 December 2019. 1064:, opened in 1841, in a new ark designed by 430:to establish a monastery. Aidan arrived in 343: 263:. After his death he was known as a saint. 3909: 3895: 3280: 3266: 2623: 2609: 1855: 1443: 62: 2519:Bishop of the Mercians and Lindsey People 1958: 1956: 1386:St Chad's Well near Battle Bridge on the 1375:, may have been dedicated to St Chad; as 831: 522: 261:Bishop of the Mercians and Lindsey People 70:Holy Cross Monastery, West Park, New York 2273:. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. p. 608. 1112:St Chad (left), alongside Mercian kings 1094: 715: 526: 285: 2390:The Origins of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms 2267:Ayto, John; Crofton, Ian, eds. (2005). 2237: 2160: 1702: 1700: 1642: 1640: 1638: 1622: 1620: 1618: 1327:, founded in 1904 as an Anglican hall. 1058:Vicar Apostolic of the Midland District 899: 635:in Mercia in the following generation. 27:Bishop of York and Lichfield (died 672) 14: 5252: 2249: 1953: 1893:. Donington: Shaun Tyas. p. 343. 1888: 1776: 1581: 1181: 1060:in 1837 and were enshrined in the new 574: 415:, who was also a student of St Aidan. 3890: 3261: 2604: 1026:immediately after his death, and his 687:The first choice to replace Tuda was 682: 134:Unknown, but most likely in the 620s. 2486:Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England 2392:. Leicester University Press, 1989. 1868:Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England 1697: 1635: 1615: 913:, the main route across Mercia, and 782:. Basic Christian rites of passage, 657: 617: 547:, to administer the coastal area of 2430:Pennsylvania State University Press 2196:. Series 1, issue 1. Archived from 2103: 1350:chapel of Brasenose College, Oxford 964:decisive in Christianising Mercia. 662:Bede gives great prominence to the 563:, close to one of the still-usable 24: 2382: 2187: 2063:National Heritage List for England 1000:Chad is considered a saint in the 995: 757:, where he was ordained by bishop 25: 5331: 2463: 2452:, North-Holland, Amsterdam (1953) 2339:"Patron Saints Index: Saint Chad" 2167:. Methuen & Co. p. 128. 336:and who had been educated in the 5270:Anglo-Saxon bishops of Lichfield 5237: 4618:Æbbe "the Younger" of Coldingham 2469: 1846: 1831: 1816: 1786: 1743: 1725: 1706: 1646: 1626: 1606: 1263:has both an Anglican church and 1165: 1145: 1125: 1105: 234:St. Chad's Cathedral, Birmingham 5161:Hwita of Whitchurch Canonicorum 3793:Edward Venables-Vernon-Harcourt 2357: 2331: 2301: 2287: 2260: 2243: 2204: 2181: 2154: 2129: 2077: 2046: 2032: 2006: 1981: 1932: 1907: 1882: 1840: 1825: 1810: 1737: 1715: 1664:The Conversion of Europe, p.167 1062:St Chad's Cathedral, Birmingham 348: 5315:People from Ryedale (district) 5310:Burials at Lichfield Cathedral 4613:Æbbe "the Elder" of Coldingham 1680: 1655: 1600: 1575: 1545: 1519: 1319:in Australia. There is also a 1224:Chad also gives his name to a 531:The altar in the crypt of the 485:, an Anglo-Saxon monastery in 13: 1: 3918:Saints of Anglo-Saxon England 2634:(including precursor offices) 2250:Burton, John Richard (1890). 1538: 1479:, the patron of politicians. 1469:2000 US Presidential Election 1313:Church of St Chad, Haggerston 1048:their way to the Seminary at 533:Church of St Mary, Lastingham 515:, which generated a profound 295: 68:Stained glass depiction from 5305:7th-century Christian saints 4336:Edburga of Minster-in-Thanet 2270:Brewer's Britain and Ireland 2015:Lesser Feasts and Fasts 2018 1458: 1337:The Principal Parish of the 711: 517:eschatological consciousness 391: 7: 5300:7th-century English bishops 4793:Eosterwine of Monkwearmouth 4301:Æbbe of Thanet (Domne Eafe) 2566:Bishop of the Northumbrians 1965:Oxford Dictionary of Saints 1963:Farmer, David Hugh (2004). 1889:Higham, N. J., ed. (2013). 1582:Higham, N. J., ed. (2013). 1397:The Worcestershire town of 1359: 1186: 955:Ministry among the Mercians 841:Later that same year, King 653:Bishop of the Northumbrians 257:Bishop of the Northumbrians 10: 5336: 4904:Florentius of Peterborough 4723:Ceolfrith of Monkwearmouth 2837:(became Bishop of Chester) 2309:"Spa research fellowship, 2253:A History of Kidderminster 1447: 1408: 1134:Victoria and Albert Museum 793: 281: 29: 5194: 5061:Beorhthelm of Shaftesbury 4983: 4957: 4876: 4843:Sigfrith of Monkwearmouth 4600: 4452:Cyneswith of Peterborough 4369: 4293: 4252: 4197: 4166: 4038:Æthelburh of Faremoutiers 4033:Æthelberht of East Anglia 4025: 3924: 3649: 3341: 3296: 3171: 3028: 2912: 2847: 2726:(Archbishop of Lichfield) 2676: 2639: 2582: 2572: 2563: 2542: 2525: 2516: 2501: 2493: 2217:. Papermac. p. 699. 2161:Cameron, Kenneth (1969). 1662:Richard Fletcher (1997). 1586:. Donington: Shaun Tyas. 1504: 932:, was destroyed in 1538. 836: 494:Lastingham or Laestingaeu 332:, "who tutored me in the 226: 212: 201: 183: 175: 170: 160: 144: 130: 125: 117: 112: 102: 92: 84: 76: 61: 54: 41: 5146:Frithestan of Winchester 5131:Earmund of Stoke Fleming 4698:Billfrith of Lindisfarne 4653:Æthelwold of Lindisfarne 4562:Regenhere of Northampton 4123:Sigeberht of East Anglia 4078:Cuthbald of Peterborough 3029:Lichfield & Coventry 2913:Coventry & Lichfield 2840:Peter, Bishop of Chester 2592:as Bishop of Lindisfarne 2214:The London Encyclopaedia 1512: 1486:states that Chad is the 967: 887: – the area around 817:Archbishop of Canterbury 462:("Mayo of the Saxons"). 458:, subsequently known as 422:and was invited by King 418:Aidan was a disciple of 357:church. The others were 344:Early life and education 5217:Urith of Chittlehampton 5171:Margaret of Dunfermline 5066:Beornstan of Winchester 5051:Benignus of Glastonbury 5041:Æthelwold of Winchester 5031:Æthelnoth of Canterbury 4889:Firmin of North Crawley 4884:Augustine of Canterbury 4773:Eardwulf of Northumbria 4753:Eadfrith of Lindisfarne 4743:Eadberht of Lindisfarne 4728:Ceolwulf of Northumbria 4638:Æthelgyth of Coldingham 4477:Eadweard of Maugersbury 4331:Deusdedit of Canterbury 4326:Berhtwald of Canterbury 2407:. HarperCollins, 1997. 1529: 1484:Spa Research Fellowship 1444:Chad as a personal name 1352:is named the Chapel of 1341:is named the Church of 1303:, the Parish Church of 1251:, for example, has two 1202:, where there are some 1191:Chad gives his name to 744:both Wilfrid and Eata. 452:an abbey in County Mayo 196:Eastern Orthodox Church 5207:Juthwara of Sherbourne 5176:Swithhun of Winchester 5116:Eadweard the Confessor 5026:Æthelgar of Canterbury 5006:Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury 4949:Theodore of Canterbury 4934:Mellitus of Canterbury 4929:Laurence of Canterbury 4914:Honorius of Canterbury 4758:Eadwine of Northumbria 4748:Eadfrith of Leominster 4628:Ælfwald of Northumbria 4512:Frithuwold of Chertsey 4447:Cynehelm of Winchcombe 4442:Cyneburh of Gloucester 4417:Beorhthelm of Stafford 4392:Æthelmod of Leominster 4356:Nothhelm of Canterbury 4341:Eanswith of Folkestone 4280:Indract of Glastonbury 4103:Hiurmine of Blythburgh 4083:Eadmund of East Anglia 4002:Patrick of Glastonbury 3724:Episcopacy abolished ( 3636:Christopher Bainbridge 3476:Roger de Pont L'Évêque 3091:Episcopacy abolished ( 2535:as Bishop of Lichfield 2256:. E. Stock. p. 9. 2194:The Holy Wells Journal 1010:Celtic Orthodox Church 974:cathedral at Lichfield 832:Bishop of the Mercians 720: 543:appointed his nephew, 536: 523:Founding of Lastingham 309: 266:He was the brother of 5181:Wulfsige of Sherborne 5106:Eadgyth of Polesworth 5096:Eadburh of Winchester 5091:Dunstan of Canterbury 5036:Æthelwine of Athelney 5016:Ælfheah of Winchester 5011:Ælfheah of Canterbury 4975:Lewina of Bishopstone 4965:Cuthflæd of Lyminster 4909:Hadrian of Canterbury 4894:Birinus of Dorchester 4833:Oswine of Northumbria 4828:Oswald of Northumbria 4673:Balthere of Tyningham 4658:Alchhild of Middleham 4633:Æthelburh of Hackness 4567:Rumbold of Buckingham 4507:Frithuswith of Oxford 4482:Ealdgyth of Stortford 4467:Eadburh of Southwell 4387:Æthelberht of Bedford 4382:Ælfthryth of Crowland 4321:Albinus of Canterbury 4285:Maildub of Malmesbury 4229:Grimbald of St Bertin 3957:Congar of Congresbury 3947:Branwalator of Milton 2920:Alexander de Stavenby 2904:Alexander de Stavenby 2388:Bassett, Steven, Ed. 1993:The Church of England 1095:Portrayals of St Chad 719: 530: 424:Oswald of Northumbria 289: 56:Bishop of Northumbria 5186:Wulfthryth of Wilton 5156:Humbert of Stokenham 5086:Cwenburh of Wimborne 5071:Beornwald of Bampton 5046:Aldhelm of Sherborne 4970:Cuthmann of Steyning 4924:Justus of Canterbury 4738:Dryhthelm of Melrose 4693:Bercthun of Beverley 4502:Frithuric of Breedon 4487:Earconwald of London 4472:Eadgyth of Aylesbury 4402:Æthelwynn of Sodbury 4346:Eormengyth of Thanet 4260:Aidan of Lindisfarne 4179:Hildelith of Barking 4174:Æthelburh of Barking 4098:Herefrith of Thorney 4053:Æthelwine of Lindsey 3987:Melorius of Amesbury 3813:William Connor Magee 3758:Sir William Dawes Bt 3481:Geoffrey Plantagenet 3133:Frederick Cornwallis 2894:Geoffrey de Muschamp 2632:Bishops of Lichfield 2478:at Wikimedia Commons 2190:"The river of wells" 1561:. Penguin Classics. 1325:University of Durham 1054:Stone, Staffordshire 900:Monastic foundations 724:out of the country. 541:Oswiu of Northumbria 446:resigned his see at 290:From a late copy of 5285:Northumbrian saints 5151:Hædde of Winchester 5121:Eadweard the Martyr 5081:Cuthburh of Wimborn 5021:Æthelflæd of Romsey 4944:Peter of Canterbury 4823:Osthryth of Bardney 4713:Ceadda of Lichfield 4592:Wulfhild of Barking 4577:Werburgh of Chester 4552:Oswald of Worcester 4542:Milred of Worcester 4527:Mildburh of Wenlock 4517:Hæmma of Leominster 4462:Eadburh of Pershore 4457:Eadburh of Bicester 4244:Wulfram of Grantham 4234:Monegunda of Watton 4143:Walstan of Bawburgh 4133:Torthred of Thorney 4093:Guthlac of Crowland 4043:Æthelflæd of Ramsey 3982:Judoc of Winchester 3972:Elfin of Warrington 3942:Brannoc of Braunton 3783:Robert Hay Drummond 3763:Lancelot Blackburne 3536:Thomas of Corbridge 3521:William de Wickwane 3471:William FitzHerbert 3461:William FitzHerbert 3290:Archbishops of York 2899:William de Cornhill 2857:, Bishop of Chester 2511:as Bishop of Mercia 2447:Rudolf Vleeskruijer 2420:Mayr-Harting, Henry 2403:Fletcher, Richard. 2200:on 7 December 2006. 2164:English Place-Names 1281:Rugby, Warwickshire 1211:Lichfield Cathedral 1182:Notable dedications 1174:Lichfield Cathedral 939:. This is probably 857:Archbishop Theodore 575:Abbot of Lastingham 165:Lichfield Cathedral 5260:7th-century births 5212:Rumbold of Mechlin 5076:Centwine of Wessex 5056:Beocca of Chertsey 4858:Wilfrith of Hexham 4853:Wihtberht of Ripon 4763:Ealdberht of Ripon 4733:Cuthbert of Durham 4663:Alchmund of Hexham 4648:Æthelwold of Farne 4643:Æthelsige of Ripon 4557:Osburh of Coventry 4537:Mildrith of Thanet 4497:Freomund of Mercia 4437:Cyneburh of Castor 4422:Coenwulf of Mercia 4397:Æthelred of Mercia 4361:Sigeburh of Thanet 4351:Mildrith of Thanet 4311:Æthelburh of Kent 4306:Æthelberht of Kent 4253:Irish and Scottish 4209:Balthild of Romsey 4128:Tancred of Thorney 4068:Botwulf of Thorney 4058:Athwulf of Thorney 4048:Æthelthryth of Ely 4017:Sativola of Exeter 4007:Rumon of Tavistock 3992:Nectan of Hartland 3967:Decuman of Watchet 3541:William Greenfield 2950:Robert de Stretton 2558:as Bishop of York 2547:Title last held by 2457:SAHS transactions. 2365:"Who was St Chad?" 2319:on 9 November 2007 2297:. 4 December 2000. 1416:in the Village of 1373:Greater Manchester 1309:Greater Manchester 1279:built in 1882. In 941:Barrow upon Humber 926:North Lincolnshire 922:Barrow upon Humber 869:Kingdom of Lindsey 843:Wulfhere of Mercia 821:Theodore of Tarsus 721: 683:Mission of Wilfrid 537: 460:Maigh Eo na Saxain 324:, where both were 314:the Venerable Bede 310: 192:Anglican Communion 32:Ceadda of Hereford 5225: 5224: 5202:Arilda of Oldbury 5166:Mærwynn of Romsey 5111:Eadgyth of Wilton 5101:Eadgar of England 5001:Ælfgifu of Exeter 4996:Ælfgar of Selwood 4848:Tatberht of Ripon 4783:Ecgberht of Ripon 4718:Cedd of Lichfield 4623:Ælfflæd of Whitby 4587:Wigstan of Repton 4547:Oda of Canterbury 4432:Credan of Evesham 4412:Beonna of Breedon 4265:Boisil of Melrose 4239:Odwulf of Evesham 4088:Eadnoth of Ramsey 4073:Cissa of Crowland 3962:Dachuna of Bodmin 3937:Barloc of Norbury 3884: 3883: 3871:(acting diocesan) 3576:Richard le Scrope 3561:Alexander Neville 3255: 3254: 3234:Jonathan Gledhill 3128:Richard Smalbroke 2960:Richard le Scrope 2925:Hugh de Pateshull 2884:Gerard la Pucelle 2855:Robert de Limesey 2599: 2598: 2595: 2573:Succeeded by 2561: 2538: 2526:Succeeded by 2514: 2474:Media related to 2439:978-0-271-00769-4 2398:978-0-7185-1367-2 2174:978-0-416-27990-0 2025:978-1-64065-234-7 1974:978-0-19-860949-0 1900:978-1-907730-29-0 1805:Mayr-Harting 1991 1771:Mayr-Harting 1991 1759:Mayr-Harting 1991 1666:. HarperCollins. 1593:978-1-907730-29-0 1553:Leo Sherley-Price 1492:medicinal springs 1430:Nathaniel Woodard 1321:St Chad's College 1085:Church of England 930:Walter de Langton 658:Need for a bishop 618:Rise of a dynasty 242: 241: 16:(Redirected from 5327: 5295:Yorkshire saints 5242: 5241: 5240: 5233: 5136:Edor of Chertsey 5126:Eadwold of Cerne 4991:Æbbe of Abingdon 4939:Paulinus of York 4919:James the Deacon 4868:Wilgils of Ripon 4838:Sicgred of Ripon 4813:John of Beverley 4708:Botwine of Ripon 4683:Bega of Copeland 4668:Alkmund of Derby 4492:Egwin of Evesham 4427:Cotta of Breedon 4377:Ælfnoth of Stowe 4316:Æthelred of Kent 4275:Ultan the Scribe 4224:Helier of Jersey 4158:Wulfric of Holme 4063:Blida of Martham 3997:Neot of Cornwall 3952:Credan of Bodmin 3932:Aldate of Oxford 3911: 3904: 3897: 3888: 3887: 3876:Stephen Cottrell 3818:William Maclagan 3704:George Montaigne 3650:Post-Reformation 3626:Thomas Rotherham 3556:John of Thoresby 3441:Thomas of Bayeux 3328:John of Beverley 3282: 3275: 3268: 3259: 3258: 3199:William Maclagan 3153:James Cornwallis 2995:Reginald Boulers 2980:William Heyworth 2945:Roger Northburgh 2935:Roger de Meyland 2869:Roger de Clinton 2625: 2618: 2611: 2602: 2601: 2589: 2583:Preceded by 2555: 2532: 2508: 2502:Preceded by 2491: 2490: 2473: 2443: 2376: 2375: 2373: 2371: 2361: 2355: 2354: 2352: 2350: 2341:. Archived from 2335: 2329: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2315:. Archived from 2305: 2299: 2298: 2291: 2285: 2284: 2264: 2258: 2257: 2247: 2241: 2235: 2229: 2228: 2208: 2202: 2201: 2188:Potter, Chesca. 2185: 2179: 2178: 2158: 2152: 2151: 2149: 2147: 2141:www.bnc.ox.ac.uk 2133: 2127: 2126: 2124: 2122: 2107: 2101: 2100: 2098: 2096: 2081: 2075: 2074: 2072: 2070: 2054:Historic England 2050: 2044: 2043: 2040:"St Chad Statue" 2036: 2030: 2029: 2010: 2004: 2003: 2001: 1999: 1985: 1979: 1978: 1960: 1951: 1950: 1948: 1946: 1936: 1930: 1929: 1927: 1925: 1919:www.satucket.com 1911: 1905: 1904: 1886: 1880: 1879: 1877: 1875: 1859: 1853: 1852: 1844: 1838: 1837: 1829: 1823: 1822: 1814: 1808: 1802: 1796: 1790: 1789: 1780: 1774: 1768: 1762: 1756: 1750: 1749: 1741: 1735: 1729: 1728: 1719: 1713: 1712: 1704: 1695: 1684: 1678: 1677: 1659: 1653: 1652: 1644: 1633: 1632: 1624: 1613: 1612: 1604: 1598: 1597: 1579: 1573: 1572: 1549: 1532: 1523: 1414:Denstone College 1255:churches and an 1236:converts: now a 1169: 1149: 1129: 1109: 1089:Episcopal Church 1014:Eastern Orthodox 891:, Lichfield and 610:like the modern 561:North York Moors 303:Bodleian Library 300: 297: 251:monk. He was an 126:Personal details 66: 39: 38: 21: 5335: 5334: 5330: 5329: 5328: 5326: 5325: 5324: 5320:Anglican saints 5290:Miracle workers 5275:Bishops of York 5250: 5249: 5248: 5238: 5236: 5228: 5226: 5221: 5190: 4979: 4953: 4872: 4818:Osana of Howden 4798:Hilda of Whitby 4688:Benedict Biscop 4596: 4572:Tibba of Ryhall 4365: 4289: 4248: 4219:Felix of Dommoc 4201: 4199: 4193: 4189:Sæbbi of London 4162: 4153:Wihtburh of Ely 4138:Tova of Thorney 4118:Seaxburh of Ely 4113:Pega of Peakirk 4108:Huna of Thorney 4021: 3925:British / Welsh 3920: 3915: 3885: 3880: 3808:William Thomson 3803:Charles Longley 3798:Thomas Musgrave 3788:William Markham 3748:Thomas Lamplugh 3733:Accepted Frewen 3709:Samuel Harsnett 3651: 3645: 3601:Richard Fleming 3531:Henry of Newark 3506:William Langton 3343: 3342:Pre-Reformation 3337: 3292: 3286: 3256: 3251: 3247:Michael Ipgrave 3224:Kenneth Skelton 3209:John Kempthorne 3167: 3123:Edward Chandler 3099:Accepted Frewen 3086:Accepted Frewen 3056:William Overton 3041:Richard Sampson 3024: 3015:Geoffrey Blythe 2908: 2843: 2672: 2635: 2629: 2588: 2578: 2569: 2554: 2548: 2531: 2522: 2507: 2466: 2440: 2385: 2383:Further reading 2380: 2379: 2369: 2367: 2363: 2362: 2358: 2348: 2346: 2345:on 25 June 2007 2337: 2336: 2332: 2322: 2320: 2307: 2306: 2302: 2293: 2292: 2288: 2281: 2265: 2261: 2248: 2244: 2236: 2232: 2225: 2209: 2205: 2186: 2182: 2175: 2159: 2155: 2145: 2143: 2135: 2134: 2130: 2120: 2118: 2117:. GCatholic.org 2109: 2108: 2104: 2094: 2092: 2083: 2082: 2078: 2068: 2066: 2051: 2047: 2038: 2037: 2033: 2026: 2012: 2011: 2007: 1997: 1995: 1987: 1986: 1982: 1975: 1961: 1954: 1944: 1942: 1938: 1937: 1933: 1923: 1921: 1913: 1912: 1908: 1901: 1887: 1883: 1873: 1871: 1861: 1860: 1856: 1845: 1841: 1830: 1826: 1815: 1811: 1803: 1799: 1787: 1781: 1777: 1769: 1765: 1757: 1753: 1742: 1738: 1726: 1720: 1716: 1705: 1698: 1685: 1681: 1674: 1660: 1656: 1645: 1636: 1625: 1616: 1605: 1601: 1594: 1580: 1576: 1569: 1550: 1546: 1541: 1536: 1535: 1524: 1520: 1515: 1507: 1461: 1452: 1446: 1428:was founded by 1411: 1377:Kenneth Cameron 1365:Chadkirk Chapel 1362: 1285:Orthodox Church 1238:listed building 1189: 1184: 1177: 1170: 1161: 1150: 1141: 1130: 1121: 1110: 1097: 998: 996:Cult and relics 970: 957: 917:to the north. 915:Icknield Street 902: 839: 834: 796: 714: 685: 664:Synod of Whitby 660: 655: 629:North Yorkshire 620: 581:Synod of Whitby 577: 525: 505:Martin of Tours 471:Egbert of Ripon 440: 394: 373:is actually of 351: 346: 298: 284: 276:Mercian kingdom 194: 190: 188:Catholic Church 149: 140: 135: 72: 50: 47: 46: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5333: 5323: 5322: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5280:Mercian saints 5277: 5272: 5267: 5262: 5247: 5246: 5223: 5222: 5220: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5198: 5196: 5195:Unclear origin 5192: 5191: 5189: 5188: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5158: 5153: 5148: 5143: 5138: 5133: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5083: 5078: 5073: 5068: 5063: 5058: 5053: 5048: 5043: 5038: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4987: 4985: 4981: 4980: 4978: 4977: 4972: 4967: 4961: 4959: 4955: 4954: 4952: 4951: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4896: 4891: 4886: 4880: 4878: 4874: 4873: 4871: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4830: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4808:Iwig of Wilton 4805: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4778:Eata of Hexham 4775: 4770: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4740: 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The city of 1197:Roman Catholic 1188: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1179: 1178: 1171: 1164: 1162: 1151: 1144: 1142: 1131: 1124: 1122: 1111: 1104: 1096: 1093: 1066:Augustus Pugin 1008:churches, the 1002:Roman Catholic 997: 994: 969: 966: 956: 953: 911:Watling Street 901: 898: 838: 835: 833: 830: 815:In 669, a new 795: 792: 729:Bishop of York 713: 710: 684: 681: 659: 656: 654: 651: 619: 616: 599:eschatological 576: 573: 524: 521: 496:in Yorkshire. 439: 436: 393: 390: 380:, rather than 350: 347: 345: 342: 283: 280: 240: 239: 238: 237: 228: 224: 223: 214: 210: 209: 203: 199: 198: 185: 181: 180: 177: 173: 172: 168: 167: 162: 158: 157: 146: 142: 141: 136: 132: 128: 127: 123: 122: 119: 115: 114: 110: 109: 104: 100: 99: 94: 90: 89: 86: 82: 81: 78: 74: 73: 67: 59: 58: 52: 51: 48: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5332: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5257: 5255: 5245: 5235: 5234: 5231: 5218: 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