128:
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2397:
1877:
3329:
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27:
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s spacecraft on an escape trajectory out of the Solar System. The Star 48B ignited and burned for 48 seconds, taking both on a trajectory past Pluto; however, because the Star 48B became derelict and did not have course corrections like the NH spacecraft, it was projected to miss Pluto
150:
and Star 30. Internally, Thiokol's designation was TE-M-711 for early versions and TE-M-799 for later ones. Subtypes are given one or more letter suffixes after the diameter number, or a trailing number (i.e., "-2") after the internal designation. The "T" prefix stands for
Thiokol, and the
279:
The Star 48B version has an extra 11 kilograms of propellant more than the regular Star 48, for a total of 2011 kg. There is a version of the Star 48B that is lengthened and also heavier, called the Star 48B L.
283:
In operation as a third stage, the Star 48B sits on top of the spin table, and before it is separated, it is spun up to stabilize it during the separation from the previous stage. (see also
469:
3057:
2212:
151:
following letter refers to the company division that developed the rocket motor. In this case, "E" refers to the Elkton, MD division, and the "M" stands for the motor.
222:
in 1993 crashed in the Saudi
Arabian desert in January 2001, after its orbit decayed. The unit did not burn up on reentry and was positively identified on the ground.
3271:
2654:
2014:
189:. A turntable, mounted in the shuttle payload bay or atop the previous Delta stage, spun the PAM and payload to approximately 60 rpm prior to release.
146:
The "48" designation refers to the approximate diameter of the fuel casing in inches (122 cm); Thiokol had also manufactured other motors such as the
408:
106:
2009:
2205:
433:
229:
version of the Star 48 is available ("Star 48BV"), but much less common. A thrust-vectoring Star 48 is the final stage of the
3363:
770:
3393:
487:
2198:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1618:
832:
752:
185:
orbit is much more lucrative, the additional stage was needed for the final leg of the journey. On such missions, the stage was
2747:
2501:
789:
651:
537:
863:
3072:
512:
2129:
347:, and on October 15, 2015, passed through Pluto's orbit at a distance of 213 million kilometers (over 1
322:
was launched by ULA's Atlas V 551 in
January 2006, and the Star 48B booster was launched along with the
611:
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1969:
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1289:
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162:
1510:
641:
382:. The addition of a Star 48 "kick stage" would have allowed the Clipper mission to reach
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Usually after motor burnout and just prior to satellite release the PAM is de-spun using a
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8:
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647:
470:"ATK and NASA Successfully Demonstrate New Rocket Motor for Solar Probe Plus Mission"
348:
298:
127:
124:
The Star 48 has been used as an upper stage in three- and four-stage launch systems.
73:
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2079:
2059:
226:
102:
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619:
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182:
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590:
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90:
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the few man-made items sent on escape trajectories out of the Solar System
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2882:
2877:
2619:
2510:
1548:
1515:
230:
2174:* Different versions of the engine use different propellant combinations
1964:
538:"ULA's heavy-lifter rolled out for solar probe launch – Spaceflight Now"
169:
have also incorporated the motor but with lower frequency. On board the
3454:
3216:
2991:
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2554:
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1603:
97:, almost exclusively as an upper stage. It was developed primarily by
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3003:
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2714:
2577:
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1939:
1934:
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173:, the complete stage (motor plus accessories) was referred to as the
26:
394:. This was later removed with an updated Mars gravity assist route.
3093:
2902:
2639:
2321:
2044:
2039:
1959:
1944:
1929:
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1337:
294: newtons), with a burn time of 1 minute 27 seconds.
253:
A Star 48B motor (i.e. non-vectoring) used in the 3rd stage of the
158:
118:
488:"Orbital ATK to Augment ULA Rocket for Launch of NASA Solar Probe"
236:
In 2013 a Star 48GXV ("G" for "graphite case") was tested for the
199:
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1332:
1327:
1301:
1190:
1077:
1022:
1016:
771:"SpaceX to launch the Europa Clipper mission for a bargain price"
340:
264:
166:
157:
The most common use of the Star 48 was as the final stage of the
147:
98:
66:
56:
105:’s Space Systems division. A Star 48B stage is also one of
3388:
3140:
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1276:
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1142:
1135:
974:
925:
376:
271:'s orbit in 2015 at a distance of 200 million kilometers.
216:
695:"Press kit: NASA's First Mission to Pluto and the Kuiper Belt"
3403:
3398:
2823:
2704:
2689:
2674:
2426:
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1954:
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1322:
1317:
1312:
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1128:
1122:
1117:
1097:
1062:
1057:
1034:
1011:
979:
943:
936:
930:
920:
915:
671:"PAM-D Payload Assist Module Archives - This Day in Aviation"
391:
352:
268:
2699:
2669:
2366:
2341:
2241:
1781:
1771:
1563:
1399:
1238:
1153:
1052:
1041:
1000:
994:
989:
954:
3444:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2054:
287:) The Star 48B can produce 15,000 pounds of thrust (
3272:
Cape
Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 41
93:
motors used by many space propulsion and launch vehicle
790:"EUROPA CLIPPER INCHES FORWARD, SHACKLED TO THE EARTH"
513:"Delta 4-Heavy selected for the launch of solar probe"
250:/ Star 48BV combination. for the launch in 2018.
753:"New Horizons trajectory: Star 48b Third-stage Motor"
203:
Saudi inspectors at the crash site of a Star 48
643:
Space
Handbook: A War Fighter's Guide to Space, V. 1
177:(PAM), as the Shuttle could only take satellites to
1234:
733:
Johns
Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory
409:
List of artificial objects leaving the Solar System
246:) but the development was cancelled, in favor of a
2220:
565:"Derelict Booster to Beat Pluto Probe to Jupiter"
113:since its use. The Star 48B variant was the
3510:
639:
16:American solid rocket motor developed by Thiokol
154:The Star 48 holds 2,000 kg of propellant.
727:Stern, Alan; Guo, Yanping (October 28, 2010).
312:A Star 48B was used on the third stage of the
101:and after several mergers, is manufactured by
3357:
2741:
2495:
2206:
826:
267:, arriving before the probe. It also crossed
301:PAM-D upper stage used on the Delta rocket.
646:. Government Printing Office. p. 126.
3364:
3350:
2748:
2734:
2502:
2488:
2213:
2199:
833:
819:
729:"Where Is the New Horizons Centaur Stage?"
559:
557:
722:
720:
718:
426:
161:launch vehicles. Other launchers such as
726:
355:. This was nearly four months after the
240:mission (which later was renamed to the
198:
126:
665:
663:
554:
3511:
3371:
715:
504:
304:
3345:
2729:
2483:
2194:
814:
530:
510:
339:Star 48B was calculated to arrive at
864:Comparison of orbital rocket engines
660:
434:"PAM-D Debris Falls in Saudi Arabia"
3073:Venetia Burney Student Dust Counter
13:
330:by hundreds of millions of miles.
297:The Star 48B is the basis for the
14:
3545:
787:
511:Clark, Stephen (March 18, 2015).
441:The Orbital Debris Quarterly News
362:
3412:
3328:
3327:
3053:Long Range Reconnaissance Imager
3022:
2755:
2594:Advanced Cryogenic Evolved Stage
2509:
2395:
1875:
259:probe was the first part of the
215:that had been used to launch an
117:upper stage used on the retired
25:
781:
763:
745:
687:
451:: 1. April 2001. Archived from
633:
604:
575:
480:
462:
1:
2221:Spacecraft engines and motors
1660:RD-0202 to 0206, 0208 to 0213
419:
3146:Southwest Research Institute
369:NASA intended to launch the
7:
3131:Goddard Space Flight Center
397:
274:
141:
10:
3550:
3121:Applied Physics Laboratory
375:using a Star 48 on a
3490:
3437:
3421:
3410:
3379:
3325:
3290:
3234:
3164:
3136:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
3113:
3106:
3086:
3038:
3031:
3020:
2959:
2837:
2806:
2799:
2765:
2612:
2586:
2517:
2441:
2404:
2393:
2226:
2170:
1884:
1873:
1813:
1503:
1225:
1073:
892:
883:
872:
859:
640:Michael J. Muolo (1993).
72:
62:
52:
44:
36:
24:
2599:Exploration Upper Stage
2405:Solid propellant motors
1705:RD-250 to 252, 261, 262
757:Unmannedspaceflight.com
87:the largest of a family
3298:Hubble Space Telescope
3156:University of Colorado
208:
138:
2790:New Frontiers program
2695:Payload Assist Module
2449:Spacecraft propulsion
2181:are under development
1569:YF-20, 21, 22, 24, 25
1348:RD-107, 108, 117, 118
213:Payload Assist Module
205:Payload Assist Module
202:
175:Payload Assist Module
130:
31:Star-48B rocket motor
3316:Pluto Kuiper Express
2776:Exploration of Pluto
2710:Transfer Orbit Stage
2685:Inertial Upper Stage
2469:Liquid apogee engine
675:This Day in Aviation
622:on December 28, 2016
593:on December 28, 2016
449:Johnson Space Center
414:Three-stage-to-orbit
3529:Alliant Techsystems
3465:Magnetic switchback
3151:Stanford University
1670:RD-0216, 0217, 0235
1333:RD-0107, 0108, 0110
404:Star (rocket stage)
318:spacecraft launch.
21:
3524:Solid-fuel rockets
3373:Parker Solar Probe
3282:Deep Space Network
571:. 26 January 2006.
542:spaceflightnow.com
386:without needing a
285:spin-stabilisation
243:Parker Solar Probe
209:
139:
99:Thiokol Propulsion
19:
3506:
3505:
3339:
3338:
3277:
3267:
3257:
3247:
3230:
3229:
3102:
3101:
3018:
3017:
2723:
2722:
2477:
2476:
2464:Apogee kick motor
2188:
2187:
2130:Space Shuttle SRB
1871:
1870:
1809:
1808:
1499:
1498:
1221:
1220:
653:978-0-16-061355-5
343:six hours before
299:McDonnell Douglas
263:mission to reach
231:Minotaur IV+
109:, although it is
79:
78:
37:Country of origin
3541:
3416:
3366:
3359:
3352:
3343:
3342:
3331:
3330:
3275:
3265:
3255:
3245:
3111:
3110:
3036:
3035:
3026:
3011:
3009:
3008:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2952:
2950:
2949:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2933:(556416) 2014 OE
2928:
2926:
2925:
2921:(516977) 2012 HZ
2916:
2914:
2913:
2909:(307261) 2002 MS
2874:
2872:
2871:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2804:
2803:
2750:
2743:
2736:
2727:
2726:
2504:
2497:
2490:
2481:
2480:
2442:Related articles
2399:
2398:
2215:
2208:
2201:
2192:
2191:
1879:
1878:
1715:RD-263, 268, 273
1646:along other LREs
1508:
1507:
1368:RD-191, 151, 181
1232:
1231:
890:
889:
881:
880:
835:
828:
821:
812:
811:
805:
804:
802:
800:
785:
779:
778:
767:
761:
760:
749:
743:
742:
740:
739:
724:
713:
712:
710:
708:
699:
691:
685:
684:
682:
681:
667:
658:
657:
637:
631:
630:
628:
627:
618:. Archived from
608:
602:
601:
599:
598:
589:. Archived from
579:
573:
572:
561:
552:
551:
549:
548:
534:
528:
527:
525:
523:
508:
502:
501:
499:
498:
484:
478:
477:
476:(Press release).
466:
460:
459:
457:
438:
430:
338:
328:
293:
292:
238:Solar Probe Plus
233:launch vehicle.
227:thrust-vectoring
225:A non-spinning,
103:Northrop Grumman
74:Solid-fuel motor
29:
22:
18:
3549:
3548:
3544:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3539:
3538:
3509:
3508:
3507:
3502:
3498:Anthony W. Case
3486:
3470:Helmet streamer
3433:
3417:
3408:
3375:
3370:
3340:
3335:
3321:
3286:
3226:
3172:Frances Bagenal
3160:
3098:
3082:
3027:
3014:
3006:
3005:
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2990:
2982:
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2869:
2868:
2865:
2857:
2856:
2853:
2833:
2829:486958 Arrokoth
2795:
2794:
2761:
2754:
2724:
2719:
2608:
2582:
2513:
2508:
2478:
2473:
2437:
2400:
2396:
2391:
2222:
2219:
2189:
2184:
2166:
1887:
1880:
1876:
1867:
1805:
1695:RD-0255 to 0257
1690:RD-0243 to 0245
1552:
1541:
1537:
1531:
1519:
1495:
1236:
1227:
1217:
1081:
1075:
1069:
900:
894:
875:
868:
855:
853:launch vehicles
839:
809:
808:
798:
796:
786:
782:
777:. 23 July 2021.
775:Arstechnica.com
769:
768:
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735:
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706:
704:
697:
693:
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669:
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661:
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625:
623:
616:Astronautix.com
610:
609:
605:
596:
594:
587:Astronautix.com
581:
580:
576:
563:
562:
555:
546:
544:
536:
535:
531:
521:
519:
517:Spaceflight Now
509:
505:
496:
494:
486:
485:
481:
468:
467:
463:
455:
436:
432:
431:
427:
422:
400:
367:
351:) distant from
336:
326:
310:
290:
288:
277:
207:in January 2001
187:spin-stabilized
179:low Earth orbit
144:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3547:
3537:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3494:
3492:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3479:
3477:Delta IV Heavy
3474:
3473:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3460:Alfvén surface
3457:
3452:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3431:
3425:
3423:
3419:
3418:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3385:
3383:
3377:
3376:
3369:
3368:
3361:
3354:
3346:
3337:
3336:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3312:
3309:New Horizons 2
3305:
3300:
3294:
3292:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3279:
3269:
3259:
3249:
3246:launch vehicle
3238:
3236:
3232:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3212:Mark Showalter
3209:
3207:Daniel Sarokon
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3177:Richard Binzel
3174:
3168:
3166:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3126:Ball Aerospace
3123:
3117:
3115:
3108:
3104:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3090:
3088:
3084:
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3075:
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3065:
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3021:
3019:
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3012:
3000:
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1768:United States
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1471:
1466:
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1454:LR70-NA , S-3D
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1420:United States
1418:
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1148:
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1030:United States
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842:Rocket engines
838:
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823:
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788:Brown, David.
780:
762:
744:
714:
686:
659:
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632:
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553:
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479:
474:Prnewswire.com
461:
458:on 2004-07-28.
424:
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396:
388:gravity assist
372:Europa Clipper
366:
364:Europa Clipper
361:
309:
303:
276:
273:
248:Delta IV Heavy
167:Atlas 551
143:
140:
77:
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15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3546:
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3519:Rocket stages
3517:
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3429:Eugene Parker
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3192:Lisa Hardaway
3190:
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1829:RD-211 to 214
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1700:RD-215 to 219
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1665:RD-0207, 0214
1663:
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1644:Paektusan LRE
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1329:
1328:RD-0105, 0109
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1037:
1036:
1032:
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1029:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1012:KVD-1 (RD-56)
1010:
1009:
1007:
1003:
1002:
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985:
981:
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221:
220:GPS satellite
218:
214:
206:
201:
197:
195:
194:yo-yo de-spin
190:
188:
184:
183:geostationary
180:
176:
172:
171:Space Shuttle
168:
164:
160:
155:
152:
149:
137:Venus orbiter
136:
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129:
125:
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100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
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68:
65:
61:
58:
55:
51:
47:
43:
40:United States
39:
35:
28:
23:
3534:New Horizons
3481:
3450:Solar corona
3314:
3307:
3261:
3182:Alice Bowman
3114:Institutions
2838:Observations
2783:New Horizons
2782:
2758:New Horizons
2756:
2567:
2565:Star 27 / 37
2511:Upper stages
2416:
2178:
2139:
1719:
1640:North Korea
1411:
1404:
1372:
1300:
1288:
1281:
1259:
1208:
1201:
1189:
1177:
1170:
1163:
1141:
1134:
1127:
1110:
1103:
1096:
1040:
1033:
1021:
999:
942:
935:
846:solid motors
797:. Retrieved
794:SuperCluster
793:
783:
774:
765:
756:
747:
736:. Retrieved
732:
705:. Retrieved
701:
689:
678:. Retrieved
674:
642:
635:
624:. Retrieved
620:the original
615:
612:"Star 48B l"
606:
595:. Retrieved
591:the original
586:
577:
568:
545:. Retrieved
541:
532:
520:. Retrieved
516:
506:
495:. Retrieved
492:ExecutiveBiz
491:
482:
473:
464:
453:the original
444:
440:
428:
380:Falcon Heavy
370:
368:
363:
357:New Horizons
356:
345:New Horizons
344:
334:New Horizons
333:
332:
324:New Horizons
323:
320:New Horizons
319:
315:New Horizons
313:
311:
307:New Horizons
306:
296:
282:
278:
261:New Horizons
260:
256:New Horizons
254:
252:
241:
237:
235:
224:
210:
191:
156:
153:
145:
132:
123:
91:solid rocket
82:
80:
53:Manufacturer
48:1982–present
3381:Instruments
3303:Kuiper belt
3276:launch site
3256:upper stage
3202:Cathy Olkin
3040:Instruments
2883:28978 Ixion
2878:15810 Arawn
2228:Liquid fuel
2177:Engines in
1824:RD-109, 119
1762:RD-864, 869
1747:RD-854, 861
1710:RD-253, 275
1358:RD-170, 171
799:26 November
359:probe did.
196:technique.
63:Predecessor
3513:Categories
3455:Solar wind
3222:Hal Weaver
3217:Alan Stern
3087:Subsystems
3032:Spacecraft
2814:132524 APL
2705:Saturn IVB
2454:Spacecraft
2377:SuperDraco
1564:YF-1, 2, 3
1512:Hypergolic
1484:Rutherford
1203:Prometheus
1165:Archimedes
738:2018-10-22
707:22 October
680:2018-10-22
626:2018-10-22
597:2018-10-22
583:"Star 48B"
547:2018-11-05
497:2017-02-12
447:(2). NASA
420:References
211:A Star 48
181:. Because
3266:3rd stage
3235:Logistics
3197:Brian May
3187:Marc Buie
3107:Personnel
2715:Transtage
2700:Saturn IV
2578:Yuanzheng
2545:CTS / SMA
2535:Castor 30
2459:Satellite
2434:SpaB-140C
2105:Castor 30
1985:Zefiro 40
1980:Zefiro 23
1921:SpaB-140C
1318:NK-33, 44
1228:cryogenic
1074:Methalox
893:Hydrolox
885:Cryogenic
569:Space.com
522:March 18,
3422:Namesake
3333:Category
3262:Star 48B
3094:GPHS-RTG
2960:Rejected
2903:Makemake
2781:List of
2771:Timeline
2640:Blok 2BL
2322:KTDU-425
2120:Orbus-21
1975:Zefiro 9
1738:Ukraine
1516:Aerozine
1504:Storable
1396:Ukraine
1338:RD-0110R
1235:Kerolox
702:Nasa.gov
398:See also
275:Star 48B
159:Delta II
142:Overview
134:Magellan
121:rocket.
119:Delta II
111:derelict
3482:Star 48
3438:Related
3291:Related
3252:Centaur
3242:Atlas V
3004:2014 PN
2992:2014 OS
2980:2014 MT
2968:2011 HM
2945:2012 HE
2867:2011 KW
2855:2011 JY
2845:Neptune
2819:Jupiter
2800:Targets
2665:Delta-P
2660:Delta-K
2655:Delta-D
2613:Retired
2587:Planned
2540:Centaur
2431:SpaB-65
2417:Star 48
2412:Star 37
2294:KTDU-80
2275:KTDU-35
2262:KDU-414
2230:engines
2179:italics
2140:Star 48
2135:Star 37
2115:Orbus-6
2036:Israel
1970:Waxwing
1926:Europe
1918:SpaB-65
1820:Russia
1685:RD-0237
1680:RD-0236
1651:Russia
1630:Israel
1590:Europe
1434:Kestrel
1380:S1.5400
1343:RD-0124
1309:Russia
1302:SCE-200
1198:Europe
1191:RD-0169
1186:Russia
1112:Longyun
1105:Lingyun
1023:RD-0146
1017:RD-0120
1008:Russia
965:Vulcain
951:Europe
874:Liquid
850:orbital
341:Jupiter
305:Use on
265:Jupiter
148:Star 37
131:In the
83:Star 48
67:Star 37
57:Thiokol
20:Star 48
3491:People
3389:FIELDS
3165:People
3141:KinetX
3058:PEPSSI
2893:Haumea
2888:Quaoar
2849:Triton
2807:Flybys
2785:topics
2650:Burner
2645:Blok D
2635:Astris
2630:Altair
2560:Fregat
2518:Active
2382:TR-201
2315:S5.142
2302:11D428
2298:11D426
2269:S5.114
2095:AJ-60A
2060:KM-V2b
2051:Japan
2025:Salman
1991:India
1965:Topaze
1930:Mage 1
1895:China
1886:Solid
1793:TR-201
1757:RD-856
1752:RD-855
1742:RD-843
1732:S5.98M
1721:RD-270
1615:India
1609:Viking
1599:Astris
1594:Aestus
1584:YF-50D
1560:China
1469:RS-27A
1459:Merlin
1449:LR-105
1413:RD-810
1406:RD-801
1390:TEPREL
1386:Spain
1374:RD-193
1363:RD-180
1353:RD-120
1297:India
1290:Welkin
1283:YF-130
1277:YF-115
1272:YF-102
1267:YF-100
1251:China
1179:Aeon R
1172:Aeon 1
1159:Raptor
1143:YF-215
1136:YF-209
1129:TQ-15A
1093:China
986:Japan
975:CE-7.5
971:India
926:YF-75D
912:China
650:
384:Europa
377:SpaceX
217:USA-91
95:stages
3404:WISPR
3399:SWEAP
3394:IS☉IS
3063:Ralph
3048:Alice
2824:Pluto
2690:KVD-1
2675:FG-02
2620:Agena
2573:Volga
2555:DM-03
2427:FG-36
2422:FG-15
2387:XLR81
2372:S5.92
2357:RS-25
2351:11D58
2347:RD-58
2327:LEROS
2310:S5.80
2306:S5.79
2288:S5-66
2285:S5-60
2282:S5.53
2279:S5-35
2266:S5.19
2257:Draco
2252:Curie
2237:17D61
2160:X-254
2155:X-248
2145:UA120
2125:Orion
2100:Algol
2085:SRB-A
2080:M-34c
2055:KM-V1
2045:RSA-3
2021:Iran
1955:P120C
1914:FG-47
1909:FG-46
1904:FG-36
1899:FG-02
1860:XLR81
1854:RS-88
1849:Curie
1839:Gamma
1814:Other
1798:XLR81
1787:RS-88
1782:LR-91
1777:LR-87
1727:S5.92
1655:17D61
1624:Vikas
1604:Vexin
1579:YF-40
1574:YF-23
1547:, or
1527:, or
1521:UH 25
1489:XLR50
1474:RS-56
1464:RS-27
1444:LR-89
1439:LR-79
1323:RD-58
1313:NK-15
1261:TH-12
1255:TH-11
1226:Semi-
1123:TQ-12
1118:TQ-11
1098:BF-20
1063:RS-68
1058:RS-25
1035:BE-3U
980:CE-20
960:Vinci
944:YF-90
937:YF-79
931:YF-77
921:YF-75
916:YF-73
698:(PDF)
456:(PDF)
437:(PDF)
392:Venus
390:from
353:Pluto
337:'
327:'
269:Pluto
115:PAM-D
3078:SWAP
2898:Eris
2847:and
2680:Ikar
2670:EPKM
2625:Able
2604:KVTK
2568:/ 48
2550:DCSS
2530:Briz
2525:AVUM
2367:S5.4
2362:S400
2342:R-4D
2337:LMDE
2332:LMAE
2247:BT-4
2242:AJ10
2150:SRMU
2075:M-34
2070:M-24
2065:M-14
2040:LK-1
2030:Rafe
2015:S200
2010:S139
1960:P230
1888:fuel
1772:AJ10
1634:LK-4
1529:UDMH
1479:S-3D
1400:RD-8
1239:RP-1
1210:M-10
1154:BE-4
1053:RL10
1042:BE-7
1001:LE-9
995:LE-7
990:LE-5
955:HM7B
876:fuel
848:for
844:and
801:2022
709:2018
648:ISBN
524:2015
81:The
45:Date
3445:Sun
3068:REX
2995:393
2971:102
2936:394
2110:GEM
2005:S12
1950:P80
1945:PAP
1940:P-6
1935:P-4
1835:UK
1619:PS4
1549:HNO
1545:MON
1525:MMH
1429:H-1
1424:F-1
1243:LOX
1085:LOX
1048:J-2
904:LOX
291:723
165:'s
163:ULA
89:of
85:is
3515::
3007:70
2983:69
2948:85
2924:84
2870:48
2858:31
2000:S9
1995:S7
1543:,
1532:/
1523:,
1518:,
1241:/
1083:/
1078:CH
902:/
897:LH
792:.
773:.
755:.
731:.
717:^
700:.
673:.
662:^
614:.
585:.
567:.
556:^
540:.
515:.
490:.
472:.
443:.
439:.
349:au
289:66
3365:e
3358:t
3351:v
3278:)
3274:(
3268:)
3264:(
3258:)
3254:(
3248:)
3244:(
2912:4
2749:e
2742:t
2735:v
2503:e
2496:t
2489:v
2214:e
2207:t
2200:v
1862:*
1856:*
1800:*
1789:*
1554:)
1551:3
1540:4
1538:O
1536:2
1534:N
1514:(
1245:)
1237:(
1087:)
1080:4
1076:(
906:)
899:2
895:(
834:e
827:t
820:v
803:.
759:.
741:.
711:.
683:.
656:.
629:.
600:.
550:.
526:.
500:.
445:6
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