329:
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124:
102:
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where they take in their prey with tentacles that contain cnidocysts (stinging cells). The tentacles are clusters on the edge of the body that lie on a stalk that attaches to a benthic substrate with their adhesive basal disk. The color of a
Staurozoan depends on where they've attached in their environment.
263:
discovered species has increased, with an estimated 50 species currently recognized. Information on
Staurozoa is sparse, and it is one of the least studied groups within Cnidaria. While often neglected, correctly recognizing the characteristics of this class is crucial for understanding cnidarian evolution.
288:
Their life cycle is not well known, but is simplistic. They have a lifespan of less than a year and the planua larva attaches to the substrate, developing into a primary (interstitial) polyp that undergoes an apical transformation to develop into its adult body. The bodies consist of a calyx or cup,
262:
distribution, a majority found in boreal or polar, near-shore, and shallow waters. Few staurozoans are found in warmer tropical and subtropical water environments of the
Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Ocean basins, but most are known from the Northern Hemisphere. Over the years the number of
258:. Staurozoans are small animals (1–4 cm or 0.4–1.6 in) that live in marine environments, usually attached to seaweeds, rocks, or gravel. They have a large
444:"The Palaeobiology of Two Crown Group Cnidarians: Haootia quadriformis and Mamsetia manunis gen. et sp. nov. from the Ediacaran of Newfoundland, Canada"
442:
McIlroy, D.; Pasinetti, G.; PĂ©rez-Pinedo, D.; McKean, C.; Dufour, S. C.; Matthews, J. J.; Menon, L. R.; Nicholls, R.; Taylor, R. S. (September 2024).
885:
250:
has been proposed as a second order, although this is highly speculative. The extinct order is largely unknown and described as a possibly
215:
990:
846:
317:. After digestion, they eject the remains of their food from their bodies. They are also preyed upon by fish as well as mollusks.
872:
877:
606:
890:
921:
395:
n. gen., n. sp., interpreted as a muscular cnidarian impression from the Late
Ediacaran period (approx. 560 Ma)"
537:
Miranda, LucĂlia S.; Mills, Claudia E.; Hirano, Yayoi M.; Collins, Allen G.; Marques, Antonio C. (2018-12-01).
328:
983:
1019:
812:
807:
794:
123:
1024:
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900:
259:
271:
During the metamorphosis of a stauropolyp into an adult stauromedusa, the eight primary tentacles:
539:"A review of the global diversity and natural history of stalked jellyfishes (Cnidaria, Staurozoa)"
351:
976:
335:
747:
599:
344:
110:
913:
702:
833:
360:
389:
Liu, A. G.; Matthews, J. J.; Menon, L. R.; McIlroy, D.; Brasier, M. D. (22 October 2014).
8:
785:
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1009:
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118:
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246:(stalked jellyfishes) with a total of 50 known species. A fossil group called
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101:
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779:
460:
443:
255:
247:
34:
730:
79:
44:
301:. Their diet includes crustaceans, with smaller Staurozoans consuming
956:
864:
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135:
84:
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49:
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Metamorphose into adhesive interradial and perradial rhopalioids.
206:
89:
64:
145:
948:
838:
653:
284:
Migrate and cluster together with the secondary tentacles.
536:
485:"Cladistic analysis of Medusozoa and cnidarian evolution"
399:
Proceedings of the Royal
Society B: Biological Sciences
388:
281:
Remain as primary tentacles but with a modified shape.
254:
clade of marine life with shell-like structures, the
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901:145cac06-5bdb-404b-b4a5-41e63797c83b
13:
523:Collins, A. G. (n.d.). Staurozoa.
501:10.1111/j.1744-7410.2004.tb00139.x
14:
1036:
947:
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359:
343:
327:
122:
32:
530:
527:. doi:10.1036/1097-8542.652700
435:
382:
1:
375:
305:and larger species consuming
266:
963:. You can help Knowledge by
242:). It has one extant order:
7:
180:Marques & Collins, 2004
10:
1041:
942:
483:Marques and Allen (2004).
320:
292:
754:
716:
661:
650:
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555:10.1007/s12526-017-0721-4
219:(not placed in a phylum)
190:
185:
119:Scientific classification
117:
108:
99:
23:
352:Haliclystus sanjuanensis
275:Disappear by resorption.
210:(not placed in a phylum)
336:Haliclystus antarcticus
959:-related article is a
411:10.1098/rspb.2014.1202
111:Haliclystus stejnegeri
311:chironomid fly larvae
303:harpacticoid copepods
30:Late Ediacaran—Recent
489:Invertebrate Biology
461:10.3390/life14091096
393:Haootia quadriformis
16:Class of jellyfishes
697:(stalked jellyfish)
543:Marine Biodiversity
1020:Cnidarian taxonomy
405:(1793): 20141202.
307:gammarid amphipods
972:
971:
937:
936:
909:Open Tree of Life
748:Taxon identifiers
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1025:Medusozoan stubs
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689:(true jellyfish)
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549:(4): 1695–1714.
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309:. They also eat
297:Staurozoans are
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127:
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27:Temporal range:
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965:expanding it
954:
939:
755:
726:Malacosporea
706:(Polypodium)
704:
681:(hydrozoans)
644:Ceriantharia
639:Hexacorallia
634:Octocorallia
546:
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506:29 September
504:. Retrieved
495:(1): 23–42.
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18:
860:iNaturalist
780:Wikispecies
454:(9): 1096.
256:Conulariida
248:Conulariida
162:Subphylum:
1004:Categories
731:Myxosporea
695:Staurozoa
687:Scyphozoa
376:References
267:Morphology
1015:Medusozoa
1010:Staurozoa
957:Medusozoa
800:Staurozoa
786:Staurozoa
756:Staurozoa
679:Hydrozoa
663:Medusozoa
563:1867-1624
470:2075-1729
299:predators
252:cnidarian
240:jellyfish
236:Medusozoa
228:Staurozoa
195:Conulatae
176:Staurozoa
166:Medusozoa
142:Kingdom:
136:Eukaryota
24:Staurozoa
771:Q4050073
765:Wikidata
671:Cubozoa
626:Anthozoa
617:Cnidaria
571:11242035
429:25165764
315:plankton
216:Mamsetia
156:Cnidaria
152:Phylum:
146:Animalia
132:Domain:
914:5602019
891:1927913
718:Myxozoa
619:classes
615:Extant
420:4173675
321:Gallery
293:Ecology
207:Haootia
186:Orders
172:Class:
927:265044
898:NZOR:
878:718921
813:307154
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561:
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427:
417:
922:WoRMS
865:51018
567:S2CID
232:class
230:is a
961:stub
886:NCBI
873:ITIS
847:GBIF
839:6601
808:BOLD
559:ISSN
508:2020
466:ISSN
448:Life
425:PMID
313:and
238:(or
35:Preęž’
852:309
834:EoL
821:CoL
795:AFD
551:doi
497:doi
493:123
456:doi
415:PMC
407:doi
403:281
234:of
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