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359:
347:"When they had opened his tomb and they thought his body would stink because of the amount of time that had elapsed since it had been buried, such a sweet fragrant odor like a diversity of flowers flowed forth, and the whole church was filled with little drops of balsam. And when the brothers who had come to see him from the neighboring province... removed the clothes in which he had been buried because they wanted to change them wishing to dress him in new clothes, they found on his forearms the sign of the dominical cross, bearing the likeness of a red color. It was evident to all the faithful that this was given to be understood that while he lived he bore the arms of Christ in his heart, therefore, Christ's stigmata were revealed on the body of the dead man."
73:
644:
373:
479:
741:, Ted Harrison suggests that there is no single mechanism whereby the marks of stigmata were produced. Harrison found no evidence from a study of contemporary cases that the marks were supernatural in origin. He concluded, however, that marks of natural origin need not be hoaxes. Some stigmatics marked themselves in attempt to suffer with Christ as a form of piety. Others marked themselves accidentally and their marks were noted as stigmata by witnesses. Often marks of human origin produced profound and genuine religious responses.
419:
seraph was affixed to the cross and was suffering terribly. Thus
Francis rose, one might say, sad and happy, joy and grief alternating in him. He wondered anxiously what this vision could mean, and his soul was uneasy as it searched for understanding. And as his understanding sought in vain for an explanation and his heart was filled with perplexity at the great novelty of this vision, the marks of nails began to appear in his hands and feet, just as he had seen them slightly earlier in the crucified man above him.
96:
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is likely to occur in suggestible persons if the stimulus is a mental or actual picture of the
Crucifixion used during meditation and if the main motive is to receive the stigmata. The motive behind that may be unconscious conflict and a desire to escape from an intolerable situation into invalidism where one's needs are taken care of. It then becomes a case of hysterical conversion reaction. Many cases of stigmatism can be explained as fraud or unconsciously self-inflicted wounds.
399:, a six-winged angel appeared to Francis while he prayed. As the angel approached, Francis could see that the angel was crucified. He was humbled by the sight, and his heart was filled with elation joined by pain and suffering. When the angel departed, Francis was left with wounds in his hands, feet, and side as if caused by the same lance that pierced Christ's side. The image of nails immediately appeared in his hands and feet, and the wound in his side often seeped blood.
613:
187:
3388:
178:, Ted Harrison suggests that there is no single mechanism whereby the marks of stigmata were produced. What is important is that the marks are recognised by others as of religious significance. Most cases of stigmata have been result of trickery. Some cases have also included reportings of a mysterious chalice in visions being given to stigmatics to drink from or the feeling of a sharp sword being driven into one's chest.
2785:
551:"without presenting any medical prescription whatsoever". Pio maintained that the carbolic acid was used to sterilize syringes used for medical treatments and that after being subjected to a practical joke where veratrine was mixed with snuff tobacco, causing uncontrollable sneezing after ingestion, he decided to acquire his own quantity of the substance in order to play the same joke on his confreres.
423:
the rest took on the appearance of the nail-ends, bent and driven back. In the same way the marks of nails were impressed on his feet and projected beyond the rest of the flesh. Moreover, his right side had a large wound as if it had been pierced with a spear, and it often bled so that his tunic and trousers were soaked with his sacred blood.
577:
Gemelli also speculated that his wounds were kept open with carbolic acid. Giorgio Festa, who examined the stigmata of the friar on
October 28, 1919, wrote in his report that they "are not the product of a trauma of external origin, nor are they due to the application of potently irritating chemicals".
1773:
Quote: Maria De Vito said, "I was an admirer of Padre Pio and I met him for the first time on July 31, 1919...he gave me personally an empty bottle, and asked if I would act as a chauffeur to transport it back from Foggia to San
Giovanni Rotondo with four grams of pure carbolic acid. ... He explained
744:
Harrison also noted that after Saint
Francis of Assisi, the stigmata was "seen as a predominantly female experience" with the female-to-male ratio of stigmatics being 7 to 1. Those men that were stigmatic were non-ordained, including Saint Francis. Harrison argues that in many cases the stigmata was
732:
Cases of stigmatism fall into two categories: self-inflicted wounds, which may be either cases of fraud or of unconscious self-infliction, and those that are caused by emotional states ... Self-induced (through autosuggestion) itching and subsequent scratching of which the individual is unaware
576:
went to visit Padre Pio, but
Gemelli was denied the right to examine the stigmata without an authorization from the Holy Office. Gemelli irritated and offended for not being allowed to examine the stigmata, wrote that Pio was a hysteric and his stigmata were self-induced, not of supernatural origin.
422:
His wrists and feet seemed to be pierced by nails, with the heads of the nails appearing on his wrists and on the upper sides of his feet, the points appearing on the other side. The marks were round on the palm of each hand but elongated on the other side, and small pieces of flesh jutting out from
631:
released a database of information on 244 stigmatics in April 2019. 92% of the stigmatics in the database are female. In some cases, convent sisters have attempted to shield stigmatic women from public scrutiny, often out of fear of how their condition would affect the convent's reputation. So, the
287:
Some stigmatics claim to feel the pain of wounds with no external marks; these are referred to as "invisible stigmata". Some stigmatics' wounds do not appear to clot, and seem to stay fresh and uninfected. The blood from the wounds is said, in some cases, to have a pleasant, perfumed odor, known as
418:
When the blessed servant of God saw these things he was filled with wonder, but he did not know what the vision meant. He rejoiced greatly in the benign and gracious expression with which he saw himself regarded by the seraph, whose beauty was indescribable; yet he was alarmed by the fact that the
626:
In the late nineteenth century, a French physician named Dr. A Imbert-Goubeyre began compiling a census of known stigmatics from the thirteenth century to his own time. This census includes 280 female and 41 male stigmatics, meaning women comprise a little over 87% of the list. Additionally, the
494:
reported stigmata which were studied by several 20th-century physicians, whose independence from the Church is not known. The observations were reportedly inexplicable and the wounds never became infected. His wounds healed once, but reappeared. The wounds were examined by Luigi
Romanelli, chief
313:
states: "Compassion with Christ ... is faith so strong and so deeply incarnate that it leads to the individual embodiment of the contemplated pain." His thesis is that stigmata result from exceptional poignancy of religious faith and desire to associate oneself with the suffering
523:
also observed the wounds, describing them as shallow. Festa, who had originally agreed with
Bignami, later described the wounds as superficial when covered with a scab. Giorgio Festa noted that "at the edges of the lesions, the skin is perfectly normal and does not show any sign of
325:
of Christ, some mystics like
Francis of Assisi and father Pio of Petralcina reported a spontaneous regression and closure of their stigmata in the days following their death. Both of them claimed to have received the divine stigmata in their hands as well as in their feet.
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2435:
2023:"That many stigmatics were fakes is well established. For example, Magdalena de la Cruz, having become ill in 1543 and fearful of dying a sinner, confessed that her stigmata, inedia, and other phenomena were deliberate deceptions."
427:
From the records of St. Francis' physical ailments and symptoms, Edward
Frederick Hartung concluded in 1935 that he knew what health problems plagued St. Francis. Hartung believed that he had an eye ailment known as
1344:
339:
Saint Francis is widely considered the first recorded stigmatic. Earlier reports of stigmatics do exist, however there is a lack of consensus on how the concept of stigmata was understood pre-Saint Francis. St.
257:, inflicted on Jesus during his crucifixion: wounds in the wrists and feet, from nails; and in the side, from a lance. Some stigmatics display wounds to the forehead similar to those caused by the
403:
and other witnesses declared that they had seen these marks both before and after his death. In traditional artistic depictions of the incident, Francis is accompanied by a Franciscan brother.
2817:
1345:
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/church-history/article/signs-of-salvation-the-evolution-of-stigmatic-spirituality-before-francis-of-assisi/5303041ED21A96178473592D1ADD06B5
2585:
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785:, in the 21st century there were 200 stigmatics all over the world. Most of them reached the third age without having particular health problems. The oldest stigmatic was
533:
635:
Despite the high number of women stigmatics throughout history, the best-known and least contested stigmatics, such as Francis of Assisi and Padre Pio, have been men.
276:; a significant proportion of stigmatics have shown a strong desire to receive Holy Communion frequently. A relatively high percentage of stigmatics also exhibit
2810:
1442:
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a consequence of the intense personal mystical ministries practiced by those excluded from the priesthood. Only in the twentieth century have cases of stigmatic
2356:
The psychogenic purpuras: A review of autoerythrocyte sensitization, autosensitization to DNA, "hysterical" and factitial bleeding, and the religious stigmata
786:
2151:
2803:
1343:
Muessig, C. (2013, February 21). Signs of salvation: The evolution of stigmatic spirituality before Francis of assisi: Church history. Cambridge Core.
2190:
Yaryura-Tobias, Jose A.; Neziroglu, Fugen A.; Kaplan, Steven (1995). "Self-mutilation, anorexia, and dysmenorrhea in obsessive compulsive disorder".
782:
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1941:
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to make the wounds. The historian Sergio Luzzatto recounted that in 1919, Maria De Vito (the cousin of the local pharmacist Valentini Vista at
344:
of Rouen (d. 695 AD) could be considered the first recorded stigmatic in Christian history. After his death, witnesses claimed the following:
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455:, a purple hemorrhage of blood into the skin. According to Hartung "If this were the case of St. Francis, he would have been afflicted by
826:
have also produced stigmata. During the séances of German medium Maria Vollhardt, it was alleged that bleeding wounds appeared. However,
391:
is widely considered the first recorded stigmatic in Christian history. In 1224, two years before his death, he embarked on a journey to
1964:
Stigmata: an investigation into the mysterious appearance of Christ's wounds in hundreds of people from medieval Italy to modern America
1777:
1427:
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who died in 1941 at the age of 91. As of 1997, the stigmatics who had been declared saints by the Roman Catholic Church were only 7.
463:. The purple spots of blood may have been punctured while in the wilderness and there appear as an open wound like that of Christ."
3317:
3312:
2203:
265:, have been repeatedly photographed. Other reported forms include tears of blood or sweating blood, and wounds to the back as from
167:
reported stigmata which were studied by several 20th-century physicians. Stigmatics are primarily a Roman Catholic phenomenon; the
3332:
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153:: the hands, wrists, feet, near the heart, the head (from the crown of thorns), and back (from carrying the cross and scourging).
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who worked as a physician for Pio between 1956 and 1968 commented that tests revealed his blood had no signs of abnormality.
358:
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451:, causing the victim intense pain. One complication of quartan malaria occasionally seen around Francis' time is known as
72:
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A later medical hypothesis was proposed in 1987 to explain the wounds, it claimed that St. Francis may have contracted
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that the acid was for disinfecting syringes for injections. He also asked for other things, such as Valda pastilles."
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Muessig, Carolyn (2013). "Signs of Salvation: The Evolution of Stigmatic Spirituality Before Francis of Assisi".
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There were both religious and non-religious critics who accused Padre Pio of faking his stigmata, saying he used
763:, who investigated recent cases of stigmata such as Katya Rivas, commented that they are indistinguishable from
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2739:. Numen Book Series-Studies in the History of Religions. Vol. 167. Leiden, Boston: Brill. p. 487.
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850:
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Albright, M. (2002). "The Stigmata: The Psychological and Ethical Message of the Posttraumatic Sufferer".
3423:
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2724:
Body, Blood, and Sexuality: A Psychoanalytic Study of St. Francis' Stigmata and Their Historical Context
528:, of penetration, or of redness, even when examined with a good magnifying glass". Alberto Caserta took
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34:
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The Skeptic's Dictionary: A Collection of Strange Beliefs, Amusing Deceptions, and Dangerous Delusions
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2561:"'God told us to exorcise her demons.' The real story behind Netflix's The Exorcism of Emily Rose"
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The Devotion and Promotion of Stigmatics in Europe c. 1800–1950, between Saints and Celebrities
2367:
Panconesi, E., & Hautmann, G. (1995). "Stress, Stigmatization and Psychosomatic Purpuras".
930:
280:, claiming to live with minimal (or no) food or water for long periods of time, except for the
120:
81:
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225:Τοῦ λοιποῦ κόπους μοι μηδεὶς παρεχέτω· ἐγὼ γὰρ τὰ στίγματα τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἐν τῷ σώματί μου βαστάζω.
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may mystically induce the development of "...(imagined) openings in the palms of his hands."
775:
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547:) testified that the young Pio bought carbolic acid and the great quantity of four grams of
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Many stigmata show recurring bleeding that stops and then starts, at times after receiving
143:
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From henceforth let no man trouble me: for I bear in my body the marks of the Lord Jesus.
8:
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1651:"Letter on Blessed Pader Pio: Stigmata – Sacraments of Penance and Eucharist – Suffering"
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Van Osselaer, Tina; Graus, Andrea; Rossi, Leonardo; Smeyers, Kristof (12 October 2020).
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symptoms expressed in unconscious self-mutilation through abnormal autosuggestibility.
671:
284:. Some exhibit weight loss, and closer investigation often reveals evidence of fakery.
100:
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in origin but could not make an official diagnosis without further tests. The surgeon
499:, for about one year. The physician Angelo Maria Merla noted that the wounds were not
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2016:
1990:
Smeyers, Kristof (Autumn 2018). "Building the Archive of Stigmatic Women Religious".
1967:
1919:
1878:
1832:
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Poche ore dopo, alla morte erano completamente scomparse, senza lasciare segno di sé.
1272:
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1232:
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1111:
1079:
1055:
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655:, for example, confessed before she died that her stigmata was deliberate deception.
619:
400:
388:
377:
296:
289:
262:
191:
139:
682:. Some modern research has indicated stigmata are of hysterical origin or linked to
3161:
2985:
2980:
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Looking for a Miracle: Weeping Icons, Relics, Stigmata, Visions & Healing Cures
2532:
2524:
2381:
2254:
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2199:
2152:"Starvation, serotonin, and symbolism. A psychobiocultural perspective on stigmata"
1365:
950:
935:
710:
702:
573:
512:
407:
322:
146:
142:, are bodily wounds, scars and pain which appear in locations corresponding to the
2094:
Stigmatisation and Absence of Nutrition in the Case of Therese Neumann (1898–1962)
709:. A relationship between starvation and self-mutilation has been reported amongst
705:
cases often display self-mutilation similar to stigmata as part of a ritualistic,
3099:
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771:
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for a forty-day fast. The legend states that one morning, near the feast of the
3010:
2975:
2954:
1942:"Mother Mariam Thresia Mankidiyan: From silent mystic to apostle of the family"
870:
806:
515:, examined the wounds, but no report of his examinations was made. Pathologist
273:
216:
174:
A high percentage (probably over 80%) of all stigmatics are women. In his book
110:
1369:
3407:
3126:
3082:
2929:
2754:
2710:
The Bleeding Mind: An Investigation into the Mysterious Phenomena of Stigmata
2250:
1623:
1589:
1543:
1422:
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925:
895:
885:
802:
721:
554:
516:
504:
159:
is widely considered the first recorded stigmatic. For over fifty years, St.
95:
1000:
632:
amount of women stigmatics may be even higher than historical record shows.
3297:
3190:
2546:
2268:
2242:
975:
965:
816:
798:
601:
500:
2586:"'God told us to exorcise my daughter's demons. I don't regret her death'"
2211:
2204:
10.1002/1098-108X(199501)17:1<33::AID-EAT2260170104>3.0.CO;2-2
3104:
3077:
2990:
2949:
2944:
2699:
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2008:
1911:
1129:
760:
548:
507:, a private practitioner, also examined them in 1920 and 1925. Professor
310:
250:
2528:
1480:
1431:. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 918.
1377:
186:
2970:
1269:
Religion and American cultures: an encyclopedia of traditions, Volume 1
980:
823:
690:
565:
307:
295:
Individuals who have obtained the stigmata are many times described as
66:
2486:. Department of Cultural Anthropology, Uppsala University, 1998. p. 24
3224:
3109:
2439:
1416:
1310:"Cent'anni fa le stimmate di Padre Pio: quando la scienza si arrende"
955:
580:
Throughout his life, Pio had hidden his wounds by wearing fingerless
532:
of the hands in 1954 and found no abnormality in the bone structure.
491:
483:
281:
266:
261:. Stigmata as crown of thorns appearing in the 20th century, e.g. on
249:
Reported cases of stigmata take various forms. Many show some or all
235:
160:
133:
106:
51:
Appearance of wounds corresponding to the crucifixion wounds of Jesus
2511:"Trick, Manipulation and Farce: Albert Moll's Critique of Occultism"
2159:
Mind and Society: Cognitive Studies in Economics and Social Sciences
3387:
3000:
2660:
Saint Hysteria: Neurosis, Mysticism, and Gender in European Culture
2623:
2386:
Italian Committee for the Investigation of Claims on the Paranormal
2074:
Saint Hysteria: Neurosis, Mysticism, and Gender in European Culture
1467:
Francis, Henry S. (1963). "Sasseta: crucifixion with St. Francis".
812:
679:
675:
561:
558:
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429:
392:
381:
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2134:
Stigmata: From Saint-Francis of Assisi to Idiopathic Haematidrosis
1671:
They Bore the Wounds of Christ: The Mystery of the Sacred Stigmata
612:
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467:
452:
448:
341:
315:
89:
2398:
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Padre Pio, l'ultimo sospetto: la verità sul frate delle stimmate
3178:
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2460:, University of California at Los Angeles, No. 3, 1975. pp. 5–6
714:
569:
544:
540:
444:
366:
277:
2825:
2729:
2385:
2189:
1495:"Medieval Sourcebook: Thomas of Celano: Lives of St. Francis"
830:, a psychiatrist, considered her phenomena to be fraudulent.
663:
593:
581:
529:
525:
440:
254:
241:
223:
128:
85:
764:
2473:. Southeast Asia Program, Cornell University, 1985. p. 278
584:. At death there were no wounds, only "unblemished skin".
564:". He suggested they had been inflicted unconsciously by
299:, overwhelmed with emotions upon receiving the stigmata.
1151:
572:
that Pio had used as a disinfectant. In 1922, physician
2482:
cited in Ing-Britt Trankell & Laura Summers :
1829:
Padre Pio under investigation: the secret Vatican files
1331:"San Francesco: le fonti che attestano le sue stimmate"
1898:(in Italian). Casale Monferrato (Alessandria): Piemme.
1845:
651:
Many stigmatics have been exposed for using trickery.
1155:
The stigmata, tr. from 'The Mystik', ed. by H. Austin
1052:
Catholic Cults and Devotions: A Psychological Inquiry
756:
may explain rare cases of non self-induced stigmata.
194:
contemplating the wounds of stigmata as part of the
2458:
OCCASIONAL PAPERS OF THE MUSEUM OF CULTURAL HISTORY
2436:"Padre Pio: in Italy 21 stigmatized like the friar"
2382:"New insights into the phenomenon of Natuzza Evolo"
2298:
Anomalistic Psychology: A Study of Magical Thinking
2054:
Medical Muses: Hysteria in Nineteenth-Century Paris
1966:. New York, NY: Harper & Row. pp. 10, 62.
1831:. San Francisco: Ignatius Press. pp. 25, 114.
1190:
The Word Made Flesh: A History of Christian Thought
726:
Anomalistic Psychology: A Study of Magical Thinking
3333:Sanctuary of Our Lady of the Rosary of San Nicolás
1778:"Italy's Padre Pio 'faked his stigmata with acid'"
1569:The Diagnosis of St. Francis: Evidence for Leprosy
557:in a report wrote that the wounds were caused by "
203:An individual bearing the wounds of stigmata is a
1804:Padre Pio: Miracles and Politics in a Secular Age
1751:Padre Pio: Miracles and Politics in a Secular Age
473:
3405:
2910:
2076:. Cornell University Press. pp. 24–28, 136–140.
2034:Doctors, Politics and Society: Historical Essays
689:There is a link between dietary constriction by
3349:Basilica of the Sacred Heart of Paray-le-Monial
2646:Stigmata: A Medieval Phenomenon in a Modern Age
2341:Early, Loretta F; Lifschutz, Joseph E. (1974).
2319:Stigmata: A Medieval Phenomenon in a Modern Age
2300:. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. pp. 54–56.
2013:Real-Life X-Files: Investigating the Paranormal
1916:Real-Life X-Files: Investigating the Paranormal
1907:
1905:
1869:
1867:
1513:
1511:
1076:Stigmata: A Medieval Phenomenon in a Modern Age
1069:
1067:
739:Stigmata: A Medieval Phenomenon in a Modern Age
176:Stigmata: A Medieval Phenomenon in a Modern Age
2497:Encyclopedia of Occultism & Parapsychology
2128:
2126:
1893:
1875:Stalking the Holy: The Pursuit of Saint Making
1724:
1722:
1720:
1718:
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1714:
1712:
1567:Schazlein, Joanne; Sulmasy, Daniel P. (1987).
1125:
1123:
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1095:
1054:. McGill-Queen's University Press. pp. 80–84.
781:According to a study of the French theologian
2811:
1918:. University of Kentucky Press. pp. 276–288.
770:In 2002, a psychoanalytic study of stigmatic
3328:Shrine of the Virgin of the Rosary of Pompei
3288:Cathedral-Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar
1902:
1864:
1856:sfnp error: no target: CITEREFLuzzatto2011 (
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1469:The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art
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3293:Chapel of Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal
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2138:Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie
1894:Gaeta, Saverio; Tornielli, Andrea (2008).
1753:. Henry Holt and Company. pp. 91–92.
1414:
1290:"Catholic Encyclopedia: Mystical Stigmata"
1025:"Manifestations – Questions & Answers"
600:. She was canonised on 13 October 2019 by
587:
353:
16:
2536:
2296:Zusne, Leonard; Jones, Warren H. (1989).
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2192:International Journal of Eating Disorders
1767:
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1445:. Franciscan Friars T.O.R. Archived from
1410:
1408:
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3369:Sanctuary of Saint Michael the Archangel
3318:Sanctuary of Our Lady of Graces of Onuva
2508:
2502:
2469:Keith Taylor & John Whitmore :
2415:
2316:
2015:. University of Kentucky Press. p. 281.
1851:
1826:
1642:
1613:
1611:
1579:
1577:
1073:
701:, in the context of a religious belief.
642:
611:
477:
371:
357:
185:
94:
71:
24:This is an accepted version of this page
2772:from the original on September 9, 2021.
2418:Psychoanalysis and Contemporary Thought
2149:
1989:
1806:. Henry Holt and Company. p. 103.
1466:
1355:
1182:
647:Stigmatization of St Catherine of Siena
14:
3406:
2224:
2111:Pseudoscience: A Critical Encyclopedia
1961:
1405:
1282:
1035:
815:"stigmata" are regularly indicated in
670:or stigmata, and those claiming to be
638:
607:
2799:
2345:. Arch Gen Psychiatry 30 (2):197–200.
2032:Porter, Dorothy; Porter, Roy (1993).
1985:
1983:
1957:
1955:
1775:
1649:Marie osb, Dom Antoine (2000-04-24).
1608:
1574:
1521:. Annals of Medical History 7: 85–91.
1475:(3). Cleveland Museum of Art: 46–49.
833:
774:suggested her stigmata resulted from
2281:
1801:
1748:
1271:by Gary Laderman, Luís D. León 2003
1208:Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott,
622:on her deathbed with stigmata (1948)
363:Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata
171:professes no official view on them.
3364:Shrine of the Sacred Heart of Jesus
2484:Facets of Power and Its Limitations
1517:Hartung, Edward Frederick. (1935).
1443:"Stigmata of St. Francis of Assisi"
1162:
54:For other senses of this word, see
48:
2606:
2399:"Rivas, Catalina (Katya or Catia)"
1980:
1952:
1593:. 19 December 1949. Archived from
1316:(in Italian). September 20, 2018.
662:published works which stated that
495:physician of the City Hospital of
49:
3445:
3283:Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe
2777:
2227:"Imprisonment under the Japanese"
1571:. Franciscan Studies 47: 181–217.
1532:"Medicine: St. Francis' Stigmata"
1519:St. Francis and Medieval Medicine
1152:Johann Joseph von Görres (1883).
329:
3386:
3308:Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes
2892:
2783:
2499:. Gale Research Company. p. 1779
2286:. University of Minnesota Press.
2132:Kluger, N.; Cribier, B. (2013).
1392:"What's the deal with stigmata?"
1001:"Stigmata (Christian Mysticism)"
410:, reports the event in his 1230
3313:Shrine of Our Lady of Good Help
3303:Sanctuary of Our Lady of Fátima
2578:
2553:
2489:
2476:
2463:
2446:
2428:
2409:
2391:
2374:
2361:
2348:
2335:
2310:
2290:
2284:The Biology of Human Starvation
2275:
2218:
2183:
2143:
2103:
2086:
2066:
2046:
2026:
2002:
1934:
1928:
1887:
1820:
1795:
1742:
1684:
1663:
1627:. 24 April 1964. Archived from
1561:
1524:
1487:
1460:
1435:
1394:. The Straight Dope. 1998-02-20
1384:
1349:
1337:
1323:
1302:
1262:
1249:A Stigmatist: Marie-Rose Ferron
1242:
1221:
1202:
1134:"The Stigmata of Lilian Bernas"
674:, were actually suffering from
568:and artificially maintained by
406:St. Francis' first biographer,
3323:Shrine of Our Lady of the Hens
2380:Armando De Vincentiis (2011).
1415:Macalister, Alexander (1911).
1229:They bore the wounds of Christ
1188:Miles, Margaret Ruth. (2004).
1017:
684:dissociative identity disorder
474:Saint Padre Pio of Pietrelcina
181:
165:Order of Friars Minor Capuchin
13:
1:
3354:Sanctuary of the Divine Mercy
2712:. Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
1776:Moore, Malcolm (2007-10-24).
987:
707:obsessive–compulsive disorder
109:, Church of Saint Pantaleon,
3359:Sanctuary of Christ the King
2662:. Cornell University Press.
2471:Essays into Vietnamese Pasts
2358:. Semin Hematol 17: 192–213.
1998:: 337–339 – via JSTOR.
1873:Higgins, Michael W. (2006).
1827:Castelli, Francesco (2011).
1050:Carroll, Michael P. (1989).
851:Maria Esperanza de Bianchini
490:For over fifty years, Padre
439:Quartan malaria infects the
253:that were, according to the
236:
134:
7:
3208:Chaplet of the Divine Mercy
2658:Mazzoni, Cristina. (1996).
921:Amalia of Jesus Flagellated
660:Désiré-Magloire Bourneville
138:, 'mark, spot, brand'), in
10:
3450:
2614:The Enigma of the Stigmata
2509:Wolffram, Heather (2012).
2343:A Case of Stigmata Loretta
2165:(2): 81–96. Archived from
2113:. Greenwood. pp. 154–155.
2072:Mazzoni, Cristina (1996).
1732:. OSV Press. pp. 160–178.
1211:A Greek-English Dictionary
695:dissociative mental states
242:
224:
129:
124:
103:fainting from the stigmata
64:
53:
3381:
3341:
3273:
3264:
3184:Rosary of the Holy Wounds
3125:
3035:
2996:Interpretation of tongues
2963:
2901:
2890:
2884:Visions of Jesus and Mary
2837:
2495:Shepard, Leslie. (1991).
1992:An Irish Quarterly Review
1730:Padre Pio: The True Story
1728:Ruffin, Barnard. (1991).
1370:10.1017/S000964071200251X
754:painful bruising syndrome
412:First Life of St. Francis
246:) is a mark on the skin.
60:stigmata (disambiguation)
3244:Chaplet of Saint Michael
3157:First Saturdays Devotion
3147:Immaculate Heart of Mary
3140:First Thursdays Devotion
2702:. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
2631:The Skeptic's Dictionary
2452:Johannes Wilbert :
2403:The Skeptic's Dictionary
2388:. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
2150:Fessler, Daniel (2002).
2052:Hustvedt, Asti. (2011).
1877:. Anansi Press. p. 129.
1251:by Jeanne S. Bonin 1988
1171:by Jacques Le Goff 2003
1142:. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
911:Marie of the Incarnation
65:Not to be confused with
31:latest accepted revision
3249:Prayer to Saint Michael
2847:Apparitional experience
2726:. Peter Lang Publisher.
2644:Harrison, Ted. (1994).
2369:International Angiology
2354:Ratnoff, O. D. (1980).
2036:. Rodopi. pp. 120–121.
1428:Encyclopædia Britannica
1169:Saint Francis of Assisi
1005:Encyclopedia Britannica
906:Teresa Helena Higginson
881:Anne Catherine Emmerich
876:Mariam Thresia Chiramel
759:Skeptical investigator
752:One suggestion is that
598:Mariam Thresia Chiramel
588:Mariam Thresia Chiramel
459:, an exceedingly large
397:Exaltation of the Cross
354:Saint Francis of Assisi
169:Eastern Orthodox Church
3393:Catholicism portal
3239:in the Catholic Church
3196:First Fridays Devotion
2722:Yarom, Nitza. (1992).
2317:Harrison, Ted (1994).
2243:10.1136/bmj.2.4476.585
2225:Curtin, A. P. (1946).
2056:. Bloomsbury. p. 279.
1418:"Stigmatization"
1192:. Wiley. pp. 160–161.
1110:. Wiley. pp. 366–367.
1074:Harrison, Ted (1994).
931:Maria Domenica Lazzeri
793:Non-Christian stigmata
735:
648:
623:
596:with stigmata was nun
487:
425:
384:
369:
335:Saint Ansbert of Rouen
232:
200:
163:of Pietrelcina of the
113:
92:
3414:Catholic spirituality
3220:Eucharistic adoration
3063:Normae Congregationis
2879:Vision (spirituality)
2109:Regal, Brian (2009).
1669:Michael Freze, 1989,
1631:on September 30, 2007
1227:Michael Freze, 1993,
776:post-traumatic stress
730:
646:
629:University of Antwerp
615:
592:The first saint from
481:
416:
375:
361:
321:Differently from the
221:
189:
157:St. Francis of Assisi
98:
75:
3434:Crucifixion of Jesus
2964:Extraordinary graces
2792:at Wikimedia Commons
2679:. Prometheus Books.
2648:. St Martins Press.
2620:Carroll, Robert Todd
2612:Biot, René. (1962).
2442:. December 18, 1997.
2321:. St Martins Press.
2282:Keys, Ancel (1950).
2172:on February 22, 2006
1962:Wilson, Ian (1989).
1619:"A Padre's Patience"
1550:on November 16, 2007
1102:Carroll, Robert Todd
1078:. St Martins Press.
805:, a contemplator of
728:(1989) has written:
666:claiming to produce
653:Magdalena de la Cruz
509:Giuseppe Bastianelli
486:showing the stigmata
304:Hospitality and Pain
3419:Christian mythology
3213:Divine Mercy novena
2923:Miracle of Lanciano
2918:Eucharistic miracle
2852:Christian mysticism
2590:www.telegraph.co.uk
2529:10.1017/mdh.2011.37
1948:. October 12, 2019.
1782:The Daily Telegraph
1333:. October 24, 2019.
916:Marie Julie Jahenny
639:Scientific research
608:Stigmata and gender
197:Imitation of Christ
21:Page version status
3424:Christian miracles
3135:Acts of reparation
2935:Miracle of the Sun
2827:Private revelation
2592:. 27 November 2005
2565:www.mamamia.com.au
2092:Seidl, O. (2008).
1946:www.vaticannews.va
1802:Luzzatto, Sergio.
1749:Luzzatto, Sergio.
1139:Skeptical Inquirer
971:Catherine of Siena
961:Catherine of Ricci
834:Notable stigmatics
822:Some spiritualist
787:Marie-July Jahenny
658:Early neurologist
649:
624:
521:University of Rome
492:Pio of Pietrelcina
488:
385:
370:
251:Five Sacred Wounds
201:
114:
93:
27:
3401:
3400:
3377:
3376:
3230:Our Lady of Tears
3115:Mystical theology
3050:Code of canon law
3031:
3030:
3006:Word of Knowledge
2940:Odour of sanctity
2911:Miraculous events
2874:Religious ecstasy
2869:Marian apparition
2788:Media related to
2746:978-90-04-43935-1
2695:What is Stigmata?
2690:Radford, Benjamin
2640:978-0-471-27242-7
2616:. Hawthorn Books.
2328:978-0-312-11372-8
2306:978-0-805-80507-9
2237:(4476): 585–586.
2119:978-0-313-35507-3
2062:978-1-4088-2235-7
1838:978-1-58617-405-7
1813:978-1-4299-4645-2
1760:978-1-4299-4645-2
1673:, OSV Publishing
1231:, OSV Publishing
1198:978-1-4051-0846-1
1085:978-0-312-11372-8
946:Marcelline Pauper
901:Veronica Giuliani
891:Marie Rose Ferron
866:Benedetta Carlini
841:Francis of Assisi
720:The psychologist
401:Pope Alexander IV
389:Francis of Assisi
378:Francis of Assisi
290:Odour of Sanctity
263:Marie Rose Ferron
192:Francis of Assisi
39:13 September 2024
18:
3441:
3391:
3390:
3271:
3270:
3162:Miraculous Medal
2986:Gifts of healing
2981:Gift of miracles
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2107:
2101:
2100:79 (7): 836–843.
2090:
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2006:
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1987:
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1615:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1585:"The Stigmatist"
1581:
1572:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1546:. Archived from
1528:
1522:
1515:
1506:
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1503:
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1014:
1012:
1011:
997:
951:Luisa Piccarreta
936:Anneliese Michel
807:tutelary spirits
711:prisoners of war
703:Anorexia nervosa
574:Agostino Gemelli
513:Pope Benedict XV
408:Thomas of Celano
323:Five Holy Wounds
245:
244:
239:
227:
226:
137:
132:
131:
126:
80:, depicted on a
3449:
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3404:
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3397:
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3260:
3121:
3100:Bridal theology
3070:Tribus circiter
3056:Haurietis aquas
3027:
2959:
2897:
2888:
2833:
2831:Catholic Church
2824:
2780:
2769:
2747:
2736:
2609:
2607:Further reading
2604:
2595:
2593:
2584:
2583:
2579:
2570:
2568:
2567:. 22 March 2020
2559:
2558:
2554:
2516:Medical History
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1852:Luzzatto (2011)
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985:
941:Therese Neumann
861:Lucy Brocadelli
856:Mariam Baouardy
846:Marguerite Bays
836:
795:
783:Joachim Bouflet
772:Therese Neumann
699:self-mutilation
691:self-starvation
641:
610:
590:
511:, physician to
476:
434:quartan malaria
356:
350:
337:
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259:crown of thorns
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2955:Weeping statue
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1696:Britannica.com
1683:
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1607:
1597:on May 1, 2008
1573:
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1538:. 1935-03-11.
1523:
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1423:Chisholm, Hugh
1404:
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1358:Church History
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330:Specific cases
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282:Holy Eucharist
274:Holy Communion
213:Galatians 6:17
183:
180:
111:Alsace, France
50:
28:
22:
19:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3446:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3383:
3380:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3263:
3257:
3254:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3236:
3235:Saint Michael
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3201:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3189:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3145:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3127:Popular piety
3124:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3084:
3083:Rule of Faith
3081:
3079:
3076:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2930:Lourdes water
2928:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2900:
2895:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2821:
2816:
2814:
2809:
2807:
2802:
2801:
2798:
2791:
2786:
2782:
2781:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2742:
2735:
2734:
2728:
2725:
2721:
2719:
2718:0-297-79099-4
2715:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2697:
2696:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2685:1-57392-680-9
2682:
2678:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2668:0-8014-3229-4
2665:
2661:
2657:
2655:
2654:0-312-11372-2
2651:
2647:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2632:
2627:
2626:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2591:
2587:
2581:
2566:
2562:
2556:
2548:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2505:
2498:
2492:
2485:
2479:
2472:
2466:
2459:
2455:
2449:
2441:
2437:
2431:
2424:(3): 329–358.
2423:
2419:
2412:
2404:
2400:
2394:
2387:
2383:
2377:
2370:
2364:
2357:
2351:
2344:
2338:
2330:
2324:
2320:
2313:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2293:
2285:
2278:
2270:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2221:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2186:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2153:
2146:
2140:140: 771–777.
2139:
2135:
2129:
2127:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2106:
2099:
2095:
2089:
2083:
2082:0-8014-3229-4
2079:
2075:
2069:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2049:
2043:
2042:90-5183-510-8
2039:
2035:
2029:
2022:
2021:0-8131-2210-4
2018:
2014:
2010:
2005:
1997:
1993:
1986:
1984:
1975:
1973:0-06-250974-8
1969:
1965:
1958:
1956:
1947:
1943:
1937:
1931:
1925:
1924:0-8131-2210-4
1921:
1917:
1913:
1908:
1906:
1897:
1890:
1884:
1883:0-88784-181-3
1880:
1876:
1870:
1868:
1859:
1854:, p. 59.
1853:
1848:
1840:
1834:
1830:
1823:
1815:
1809:
1805:
1798:
1783:
1779:
1770:
1762:
1756:
1752:
1745:
1739:
1738:0-87973-673-9
1735:
1731:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1697:
1693:
1687:
1680:
1679:0-87973-422-1
1676:
1672:
1666:
1652:
1645:
1630:
1626:
1625:
1624:Time Magazine
1620:
1614:
1612:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1590:Time Magazine
1586:
1580:
1578:
1570:
1564:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1527:
1520:
1514:
1512:
1497:. Fordham.edu
1496:
1490:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1463:
1449:on 2012-03-07
1448:
1444:
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1429:
1424:
1419:
1411:
1409:
1393:
1387:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1352:
1346:
1340:
1332:
1326:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1305:
1291:
1285:
1278:
1277:1-57607-238-X
1274:
1270:
1265:
1258:
1257:2-89039-161-2
1254:
1250:
1245:
1238:
1237:0-87973-422-1
1234:
1230:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1212:
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1199:
1195:
1191:
1185:
1178:
1177:0-415-28473-2
1174:
1170:
1165:
1157:
1156:
1148:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1131:
1126:
1124:
1117:
1116:0-471-27242-6
1113:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1096:
1087:
1081:
1077:
1070:
1068:
1061:
1060:0-7735-0693-4
1057:
1053:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1030:
1026:
1020:
1006:
1002:
996:
992:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
926:Louise Lateau
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
896:Gemma Galgani
894:
892:
889:
887:
886:Natuzza Evolo
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
838:
831:
829:
825:
820:
818:
814:
810:
808:
804:
803:Orinoco Delta
800:
790:
788:
784:
779:
777:
773:
768:
766:
762:
757:
755:
750:
748:
742:
740:
734:
729:
727:
723:
722:Leonard Zusne
718:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
687:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
656:
654:
645:
636:
633:
630:
621:
618:
614:
605:
603:
599:
595:
585:
583:
578:
575:
571:
567:
563:
560:
556:
555:Amico Bignami
552:
550:
546:
542:
541:carbolic acid
537:
535:
534:Giuseppe Sala
531:
527:
522:
518:
517:Amico Bignami
514:
510:
506:
505:Giorgio Festa
502:
498:
493:
485:
480:
471:
469:
464:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
437:
435:
431:
424:
420:
415:
413:
409:
404:
402:
398:
394:
390:
383:
379:
374:
368:
364:
360:
351:
348:
345:
343:
327:
324:
319:
317:
312:
309:
305:
302:In his paper
300:
298:
293:
291:
285:
283:
279:
275:
270:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
247:
238:
231:
228:
220:
218:
214:
210:
206:
199:
198:
193:
188:
179:
177:
172:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
152:
148:
145:
141:
136:
122:
121:Ancient Greek
118:
112:
108:
104:
102:
97:
91:
87:
83:
79:
74:
68:
61:
57:
40:
36:
32:
25:
20:
3298:Knock Shrine
3203:Divine Mercy
3191:Sacred Heart
3167:Seven Dolors
3152:Consecration
3089:Sensus fidei
3087:
3068:
3061:
3054:
3022:
2732:
2723:
2709:
2694:
2676:
2673:Nickell, Joe
2659:
2645:
2629:
2624:
2613:
2594:. Retrieved
2589:
2580:
2569:. Retrieved
2564:
2555:
2520:
2514:
2504:
2496:
2491:
2483:
2478:
2470:
2465:
2457:
2453:
2448:
2430:
2421:
2417:
2411:
2402:
2393:
2376:
2371:14: 130–137.
2368:
2363:
2355:
2350:
2342:
2337:
2318:
2312:
2297:
2292:
2283:
2277:
2234:
2230:
2220:
2198:(1): 33–38.
2195:
2191:
2185:
2174:. Retrieved
2167:the original
2162:
2158:
2145:
2137:
2133:
2110:
2105:
2097:
2093:
2088:
2073:
2068:
2053:
2048:
2033:
2028:
2012:
2009:Nickell, Joe
2004:
1995:
1991:
1963:
1945:
1936:
1930:
1915:
1912:Nickell, Joe
1895:
1889:
1874:
1847:
1828:
1822:
1803:
1797:
1785:. Retrieved
1781:
1769:
1750:
1744:
1729:
1700:. Retrieved
1695:
1686:
1681:pp. 283–285.
1670:
1665:
1654:. Retrieved
1644:
1633:. Retrieved
1629:the original
1622:
1599:. Retrieved
1595:the original
1588:
1568:
1563:
1552:. Retrieved
1548:the original
1535:
1526:
1518:
1499:. Retrieved
1489:
1472:
1468:
1462:
1451:. Retrieved
1447:the original
1437:
1426:
1396:. Retrieved
1386:
1364:(1): 40–68.
1361:
1357:
1351:
1339:
1325:
1317:
1313:
1304:
1293:. Retrieved
1284:
1268:
1264:
1248:
1244:
1228:
1223:
1215:
1209:
1204:
1189:
1184:
1168:
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1147:
1137:
1130:Nickell, Joe
1105:
1075:
1051:
1028:
1019:
1008:. Retrieved
1004:
995:
976:Zlatko Sudac
966:Marthe Robin
821:
817:Buddhist art
811:
796:
780:
769:
758:
751:
743:
738:
736:
731:
725:
724:in his book
719:
688:
657:
650:
634:
625:
602:Pope Francis
591:
579:
553:
538:
489:
465:
460:
456:
438:
426:
421:
417:
411:
405:
386:
349:
346:
338:
320:
306:, Christian
303:
301:
294:
286:
271:
248:
233:
229:
222:
208:
204:
202:
195:
175:
173:
155:
151:Jesus Christ
127:, plural of
116:
115:
101:St Catherine
99:
77:
38:
29:This is the
23:
3105:Christology
3078:Magisterium
3037:Discernment
2991:Glossolalia
2950:Thaumaturgy
2945:Tabor Light
2839:Revelations
2706:Wilson, Ian
2700:LiveScience
1692:"Padre Pio"
828:Albert Moll
761:Joe Nickell
713:and during
311:Ivan Illich
182:Description
144:crucifixion
140:Catholicism
76:Hands with
3429:Stigmatics
3408:Categories
3174:Pilgrimage
3018:Levitation
2971:Bilocation
2763:2020031449
2708:. (1988).
2692:. (2014).
2675:. (1993).
2622:. (2003).
2596:2023-10-04
2571:2023-10-04
2176:2009-09-12
2098:Nervenarzt
2011:. (2001).
1914:. (2001).
1787:2012-04-25
1702:2012-02-27
1656:2006-09-27
1635:2008-01-19
1601:2008-01-19
1554:2009-09-14
1501:2012-02-27
1453:2012-02-27
1398:2012-02-27
1314:L'Avvenire
1295:2008-07-02
1132:. (2004).
1104:. (2003).
1010:2018-07-03
988:References
981:Rhoda Wise
797:Among the
749:appeared.
566:suggestion
501:tubercular
457:ecchymoses
308:theologian
217:Saint Paul
205:stigmatist
84:church in
82:Franciscan
67:Stigmatism
3225:Holy Hour
3110:Mariology
3045:Documents
2755:0169-8834
2634:. Wiley.
2440:Adnkronos
2251:0959-8138
1544:0040-781X
956:Padre Pio
672:possessed
549:veratrine
484:Padre Pio
297:ecstatics
267:scourging
209:stigmatic
161:Padre Pio
107:Il Sodoma
3256:Scapular
3095:Theology
3023:Stigmata
3001:Prophecy
2903:Miracles
2862:interior
2857:Locution
2790:Stigmata
2767:Archived
2625:Stigmata
2547:23002297
2438:. Rome:
2269:21284113
1481:25151940
1378:23358905
813:Buddhist
680:hysteria
676:epilepsy
668:miracles
562:necrosis
559:neurotic
497:Barletta
482:A young
430:trachoma
382:El Greco
125:στίγματα
117:Stigmata
78:stigmata
35:reviewed
3266:Shrines
3237:
2976:Charism
2829:in the
2538:3381525
2260:2054516
2212:7894450
1425:(ed.).
1029:oca.org
824:mediums
801:of the
765:hoaxing
747:priests
737:In his
715:famines
617:Belgian
519:of the
468:leprosy
461:purpura
453:purpura
449:stomach
342:Ansbert
316:Messiah
90:Austria
3342:Others
3179:Rosary
2761:
2753:
2743:
2716:
2683:
2666:
2652:
2638:
2545:
2535:
2325:
2304:
2267:
2257:
2249:
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2117:
2080:
2060:
2040:
2019:
1970:
1922:
1881:
1835:
1810:
1757:
1736:
1698:. 1968
1677:
1542:
1479:
1376:
1279:p. 336
1275:
1259:p. 153
1255:
1239:p. 125
1235:
1196:
1175:
1114:
1082:
1058:
664:saints
582:gloves
570:iodine
545:Foggia
530:X-rays
447:, and
445:spleen
367:Giotto
278:inedia
243:στίγμα
237:stígma
219:says:
190:Saint
147:wounds
135:stigma
130:στίγμα
56:Stigma
2770:(PDF)
2737:(PDF)
2628:. In
2170:(PDF)
2155:(PDF)
1477:JSTOR
1421:. In
1374:JSTOR
1179:p. 44
799:Warao
594:India
526:edema
441:liver
380:, by
255:Bible
211:. In
207:or a
86:Lienz
2759:LCCN
2751:ISSN
2741:ISBN
2714:ISBN
2681:ISBN
2664:ISBN
2650:ISBN
2636:ISBN
2543:PMID
2323:ISBN
2302:ISBN
2265:PMID
2247:ISSN
2208:PMID
2115:ISBN
2078:ISBN
2058:ISBN
2038:ISBN
2017:ISBN
1968:ISBN
1920:ISBN
1879:ISBN
1858:help
1833:ISBN
1808:ISBN
1755:ISBN
1734:ISBN
1675:ISBN
1540:ISSN
1536:Time
1273:ISBN
1253:ISBN
1233:ISBN
1216:s.v.
1194:ISBN
1173:ISBN
1112:ISBN
1080:ISBN
1056:ISBN
697:and
432:and
387:St.
376:St.
288:the
58:and
2533:PMC
2525:doi
2255:PMC
2239:doi
2231:BMJ
2200:doi
1996:107
1366:doi
678:or
365:by
149:of
105:by
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
