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367:
355:"When they had opened his tomb and they thought his body would stink because of the amount of time that had elapsed since it had been buried, such a sweet fragrant odor like a diversity of flowers flowed forth, and the whole church was filled with little drops of balsam. And when the brothers who had come to see him from the neighboring province... removed the clothes in which he had been buried because they wanted to change them wishing to dress him in new clothes, they found on his forearms the sign of the dominical cross, bearing the likeness of a red color. It was evident to all the faithful that this was given to be understood that while he lived he bore the arms of Christ in his heart, therefore, Christ's stigmata were revealed on the body of the dead man."
81:
652:
381:
487:
749:, Ted Harrison suggests that there is no single mechanism whereby the marks of stigmata were produced. Harrison found no evidence from a study of contemporary cases that the marks were supernatural in origin. He concluded, however, that marks of natural origin need not be hoaxes. Some stigmatics marked themselves in attempt to suffer with Christ as a form of piety. Others marked themselves accidentally and their marks were noted as stigmata by witnesses. Often marks of human origin produced profound and genuine religious responses.
427:
seraph was affixed to the cross and was suffering terribly. Thus
Francis rose, one might say, sad and happy, joy and grief alternating in him. He wondered anxiously what this vision could mean, and his soul was uneasy as it searched for understanding. And as his understanding sought in vain for an explanation and his heart was filled with perplexity at the great novelty of this vision, the marks of nails began to appear in his hands and feet, just as he had seen them slightly earlier in the crucified man above him.
104:
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is likely to occur in suggestible persons if the stimulus is a mental or actual picture of the
Crucifixion used during meditation and if the main motive is to receive the stigmata. The motive behind that may be unconscious conflict and a desire to escape from an intolerable situation into invalidism where one's needs are taken care of. It then becomes a case of hysterical conversion reaction. Many cases of stigmatism can be explained as fraud or unconsciously self-inflicted wounds.
407:, a six-winged angel appeared to Francis while he prayed. As the angel approached, Francis could see that the angel was crucified. He was humbled by the sight, and his heart was filled with elation joined by pain and suffering. When the angel departed, Francis was left with wounds in his hands, feet, and side as if caused by the same lance that pierced Christ's side. The image of nails immediately appeared in his hands and feet, and the wound in his side often seeped blood.
621:
195:
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186:, Ted Harrison suggests that there is no single mechanism whereby the marks of stigmata were produced. What is important is that the marks are recognised by others as of religious significance. Most cases of stigmata have been result of trickery. Some cases have also included reportings of a mysterious chalice in visions being given to stigmatics to drink from or the feeling of a sharp sword being driven into one's chest.
2793:
559:"without presenting any medical prescription whatsoever". Pio maintained that the carbolic acid was used to sterilize syringes used for medical treatments and that after being subjected to a practical joke where veratrine was mixed with snuff tobacco, causing uncontrollable sneezing after ingestion, he decided to acquire his own quantity of the substance in order to play the same joke on his confreres.
431:
the rest took on the appearance of the nail-ends, bent and driven back. In the same way the marks of nails were impressed on his feet and projected beyond the rest of the flesh. Moreover, his right side had a large wound as if it had been pierced with a spear, and it often bled so that his tunic and trousers were soaked with his sacred blood.
585:
Gemelli also speculated that his wounds were kept open with carbolic acid. Giorgio Festa, who examined the stigmata of the friar on
October 28, 1919, wrote in his report that they "are not the product of a trauma of external origin, nor are they due to the application of potently irritating chemicals".
1781:
Quote: Maria De Vito said, "I was an admirer of Padre Pio and I met him for the first time on July 31, 1919...he gave me personally an empty bottle, and asked if I would act as a chauffeur to transport it back from Foggia to San
Giovanni Rotondo with four grams of pure carbolic acid. ... He explained
752:
Harrison also noted that after Saint
Francis of Assisi, the stigmata was "seen as a predominantly female experience" with the female-to-male ratio of stigmatics being 7 to 1. Those men that were stigmatic were non-ordained, including Saint Francis. Harrison argues that in many cases the stigmata was
740:
Cases of stigmatism fall into two categories: self-inflicted wounds, which may be either cases of fraud or of unconscious self-infliction, and those that are caused by emotional states ... Self-induced (through autosuggestion) itching and subsequent scratching of which the individual is unaware
584:
went to visit Padre Pio, but
Gemelli was denied the right to examine the stigmata without an authorization from the Holy Office. Gemelli irritated and offended for not being allowed to examine the stigmata, wrote that Pio was a hysteric and his stigmata were self-induced, not of supernatural origin.
430:
His wrists and feet seemed to be pierced by nails, with the heads of the nails appearing on his wrists and on the upper sides of his feet, the points appearing on the other side. The marks were round on the palm of each hand but elongated on the other side, and small pieces of flesh jutting out from
639:
released a database of information on 244 stigmatics in April 2019. 92% of the stigmatics in the database are female. In some cases, convent sisters have attempted to shield stigmatic women from public scrutiny, often out of fear of how their condition would affect the convent's reputation. So, the
295:
Some stigmatics claim to feel the pain of wounds with no external marks; these are referred to as "invisible stigmata". Some stigmatics' wounds do not appear to clot, and seem to stay fresh and uninfected. The blood from the wounds is said, in some cases, to have a pleasant, perfumed odor, known as
426:
When the blessed servant of God saw these things he was filled with wonder, but he did not know what the vision meant. He rejoiced greatly in the benign and gracious expression with which he saw himself regarded by the seraph, whose beauty was indescribable; yet he was alarmed by the fact that the
634:
In the late nineteenth century, a French physician named Dr. A Imbert-Goubeyre began compiling a census of known stigmatics from the thirteenth century to his own time. This census includes 280 female and 41 male stigmatics, meaning women comprise a little over 87% of the list. Additionally, the
502:
reported stigmata which were studied by several 20th-century physicians, whose independence from the Church is not known. The observations were reportedly inexplicable and the wounds never became infected. His wounds healed once, but reappeared. The wounds were examined by Luigi
Romanelli, chief
321:
states: "Compassion with Christ ... is faith so strong and so deeply incarnate that it leads to the individual embodiment of the contemplated pain." His thesis is that stigmata result from exceptional poignancy of religious faith and desire to associate oneself with the suffering
531:
also observed the wounds, describing them as shallow. Festa, who had originally agreed with
Bignami, later described the wounds as superficial when covered with a scab. Giorgio Festa noted that "at the edges of the lesions, the skin is perfectly normal and does not show any sign of
333:
of Christ, some mystics like
Francis of Assisi and father Pio of Petralcina reported a spontaneous regression and closure of their stigmata in the days following their death. Both of them claimed to have received the divine stigmata in their hands as well as in their feet.
2901:
2443:
2031:"That many stigmatics were fakes is well established. For example, Magdalena de la Cruz, having become ill in 1543 and fearful of dying a sinner, confessed that her stigmata, inedia, and other phenomena were deliberate deceptions."
435:
From the records of St. Francis' physical ailments and symptoms, Edward
Frederick Hartung concluded in 1935 that he knew what health problems plagued St. Francis. Hartung believed that he had an eye ailment known as
1352:
347:
Saint Francis is widely considered the first recorded stigmatic. Earlier reports of stigmatics do exist, however there is a lack of consensus on how the concept of stigmata was understood pre-Saint Francis. St.
265:, inflicted on Jesus during his crucifixion: wounds in the wrists and feet, from nails; and in the side, from a lance. Some stigmatics display wounds to the forehead similar to those caused by the
411:
and other witnesses declared that they had seen these marks both before and after his death. In traditional artistic depictions of the incident, Francis is accompanied by a Franciscan brother.
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1353:
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/church-history/article/signs-of-salvation-the-evolution-of-stigmatic-spirituality-before-francis-of-assisi/5303041ED21A96178473592D1ADD06B5
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793:, in the 21st century there were 200 stigmatics all over the world. Most of them reached the third age without having particular health problems. The oldest stigmatic was
541:
643:
Despite the high number of women stigmatics throughout history, the best-known and least contested stigmatics, such as Francis of Assisi and Padre Pio, have been men.
284:; a significant proportion of stigmatics have shown a strong desire to receive Holy Communion frequently. A relatively high percentage of stigmatics also exhibit
2818:
1450:
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a consequence of the intense personal mystical ministries practiced by those excluded from the priesthood. Only in the twentieth century have cases of stigmatic
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The psychogenic purpuras: A review of autoerythrocyte sensitization, autosensitization to DNA, "hysterical" and factitial bleeding, and the religious stigmata
794:
2159:
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Muessig, C. (2013, February 21). Signs of salvation: The evolution of stigmatic spirituality before Francis of assisi: Church history. Cambridge Core.
2198:
Yaryura-Tobias, Jose A.; Neziroglu, Fugen A.; Kaplan, Steven (1995). "Self-mutilation, anorexia, and dysmenorrhea in obsessive compulsive disorder".
790:
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1949:
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to make the wounds. The historian Sergio Luzzatto recounted that in 1919, Maria De Vito (the cousin of the local pharmacist Valentini Vista at
352:
of Rouen (d. 695 AD) could be considered the first recorded stigmatic in Christian history. After his death, witnesses claimed the following:
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1592:
1539:
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463:, a purple hemorrhage of blood into the skin. According to Hartung "If this were the case of St. Francis, he would have been afflicted by
834:
have also produced stigmata. During the séances of German medium Maria Vollhardt, it was alleged that bleeding wounds appeared. However,
399:
is widely considered the first recorded stigmatic in Christian history. In 1224, two years before his death, he embarked on a journey to
1972:
Stigmata: an investigation into the mysterious appearance of Christ's wounds in hundreds of people from medieval Italy to modern America
1785:
1435:
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who died in 1941 at the age of 91. As of 1997, the stigmatics who had been declared saints by the Roman Catholic Church were only 7.
471:. The purple spots of blood may have been punctured while in the wilderness and there appear as an open wound like that of Christ."
3325:
3320:
2211:
273:, have been repeatedly photographed. Other reported forms include tears of blood or sweating blood, and wounds to the back as from
175:
reported stigmata which were studied by several 20th-century physicians. Stigmatics are primarily a Roman Catholic phenomenon; the
3340:
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161:: the hands, wrists, feet, near the heart, the head (from the crown of thorns), and back (from carrying the cross and scourging).
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who worked as a physician for Pio between 1956 and 1968 commented that tests revealed his blood had no signs of abnormality.
366:
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459:, causing the victim intense pain. One complication of quartan malaria occasionally seen around Francis' time is known as
80:
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A later medical hypothesis was proposed in 1987 to explain the wounds, it claimed that St. Francis may have contracted
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that the acid was for disinfecting syringes for injections. He also asked for other things, such as Valda pastilles."
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1364:
Muessig, Carolyn (2013). "Signs of Salvation: The Evolution of Stigmatic Spirituality Before Francis of Assisi".
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There were both religious and non-religious critics who accused Padre Pio of faking his stigmata, saying he used
771:, who investigated recent cases of stigmata such as Katya Rivas, commented that they are indistinguishable from
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2747:. Numen Book Series-Studies in the History of Religions. Vol. 167. Leiden, Boston: Brill. p. 487.
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858:
2424:
Albright, M. (2002). "The Stigmata: The Psychological and Ethical Message of the Posttraumatic Sufferer".
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Body, Blood, and Sexuality: A Psychoanalytic Study of St. Francis' Stigmata and Their Historical Context
536:, of penetration, or of redness, even when examined with a good magnifying glass". Alberto Caserta took
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17:
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The Skeptic's Dictionary: A Collection of Strange Beliefs, Amusing Deceptions, and Dangerous Delusions
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2569:"'God told us to exorcise her demons.' The real story behind Netflix's The Exorcism of Emily Rose"
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The Devotion and Promotion of Stigmatics in Europe c. 1800–1950, between Saints and Celebrities
2375:
Panconesi, E., & Hautmann, G. (1995). "Stress, Stigmatization and Psychosomatic Purpuras".
938:
288:, claiming to live with minimal (or no) food or water for long periods of time, except for the
128:
89:
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233:Τοῦ λοιποῦ κόπους μοι μηδεὶς παρεχέτω· ἐγὼ γὰρ τὰ στίγματα τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἐν τῷ σώματί μου βαστάζω.
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may mystically induce the development of "...(imagined) openings in the palms of his hands."
783:
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555:) testified that the young Pio bought carbolic acid and the great quantity of four grams of
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Many stigmata show recurring bleeding that stops and then starts, at times after receiving
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From henceforth let no man trouble me: for I bear in my body the marks of the Lord Jesus.
8:
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1659:"Letter on Blessed Pader Pio: Stigmata – Sacraments of Penance and Eucharist – Suffering"
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Van Osselaer, Tina; Graus, Andrea; Rossi, Leonardo; Smeyers, Kristof (12 October 2020).
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symptoms expressed in unconscious self-mutilation through abnormal autosuggestibility.
679:
292:. Some exhibit weight loss, and closer investigation often reveals evidence of fakery.
108:
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in origin but could not make an official diagnosis without further tests. The surgeon
507:, for about one year. The physician Angelo Maria Merla noted that the wounds were not
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1998:
Smeyers, Kristof (Autumn 2018). "Building the Archive of Stigmatic Women Religious".
1975:
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Poche ore dopo, alla morte erano completamente scomparse, senza lasciare segno di sé.
1280:
1260:
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908:
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663:, for example, confessed before she died that her stigmata was deliberate deception.
627:
408:
396:
385:
304:
297:
270:
199:
147:
690:. Some modern research has indicated stigmata are of hysterical origin or linked to
3169:
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Looking for a Miracle: Weeping Icons, Relics, Stigmata, Visions & Healing Cures
2540:
2532:
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2207:
2160:"Starvation, serotonin, and symbolism. A psychobiocultural perspective on stigmata"
1373:
958:
943:
718:
710:
581:
520:
415:
330:
154:
150:, are bodily wounds, scars and pain which appear in locations corresponding to the
2102:
Stigmatisation and Absence of Nutrition in the Case of Therese Neumann (1898–1962)
717:. A relationship between starvation and self-mutilation has been reported amongst
713:
cases often display self-mutilation similar to stigmata as part of a ritualistic,
3107:
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for a forty-day fast. The legend states that one morning, near the feast of the
3018:
2983:
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1950:"Mother Mariam Thresia Mankidiyan: From silent mystic to apostle of the family"
878:
814:
523:, examined the wounds, but no report of his examinations was made. Pathologist
281:
224:
182:
A high percentage (probably over 80%) of all stigmatics are women. In his book
118:
1377:
3415:
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2718:
The Bleeding Mind: An Investigation into the Mysterious Phenomena of Stigmata
2258:
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903:
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562:
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is widely considered the first recorded stigmatic. For over fifty years, St.
103:
1008:
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amount of women stigmatics may be even higher than historical record shows.
3305:
3198:
2554:
2276:
2250:
983:
973:
824:
806:
609:
508:
2594:"'God told us to exorcise my daughter's demons. I don't regret her death'"
2219:
2212:
10.1002/1098-108X(199501)17:1<33::AID-EAT2260170104>3.0.CO;2-2
3112:
3085:
2998:
2957:
2952:
2707:
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2016:
1919:
1137:
768:
556:
515:, a private practitioner, also examined them in 1920 and 1925. Professor
318:
258:
2536:
1488:
1439:. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 918.
1385:
194:
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1277:
Religion and American cultures: an encyclopedia of traditions, Volume 1
988:
831:
698:
573:
315:
303:
Individuals who have obtained the stigmata are many times described as
74:
2494:. Department of Cultural Anthropology, Uppsala University, 1998. p. 24
3232:
3117:
2447:
1424:
1318:"Cent'anni fa le stimmate di Padre Pio: quando la scienza si arrende"
963:
588:
Throughout his life, Pio had hidden his wounds by wearing fingerless
540:
of the hands in 1954 and found no abnormality in the bone structure.
499:
491:
289:
274:
269:. Stigmata as crown of thorns appearing in the 20th century, e.g. on
257:
Reported cases of stigmata take various forms. Many show some or all
243:
168:
141:
114:
59:
Appearance of wounds corresponding to the crucifixion wounds of Jesus
2519:"Trick, Manipulation and Farce: Albert Moll's Critique of Occultism"
2167:
Mind and Society: Cognitive Studies in Economics and Social Sciences
3395:
3008:
2668:
Saint Hysteria: Neurosis, Mysticism, and Gender in European Culture
2631:
2394:
Italian Committee for the Investigation of Claims on the Paranormal
2082:
Saint Hysteria: Neurosis, Mysticism, and Gender in European Culture
1475:
Francis, Henry S. (1963). "Sasseta: crucifixion with St. Francis".
820:
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683:
569:
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504:
437:
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Stigmata: From Saint-Francis of Assisi to Idiopathic Haematidrosis
1679:
They Bore the Wounds of Christ: The Mystery of the Sacred Stigmata
620:
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349:
323:
97:
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1904:
Padre Pio, l'ultimo sospetto: la verità sul frate delle stimmate
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2468:, University of California at Los Angeles, No. 3, 1975. pp. 5–6
722:
577:
552:
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452:
374:
285:
2833:
2737:
2393:
2197:
1503:"Medieval Sourcebook: Thomas of Celano: Lives of St. Francis"
838:, a psychiatrist, considered her phenomena to be fraudulent.
671:
601:
589:
537:
533:
448:
262:
249:
231:
136:
93:
772:
2481:. Southeast Asia Program, Cornell University, 1985. p. 278
592:. At death there were no wounds, only "unblemished skin".
572:". He suggested they had been inflicted unconsciously by
307:, overwhelmed with emotions upon receiving the stigmata.
1159:
580:
that Pio had used as a disinfectant. In 1922, physician
2490:
cited in Ing-Britt Trankell & Laura Summers :
1837:
Padre Pio under investigation: the secret Vatican files
1339:"San Francesco: le fonti che attestano le sue stimmate"
1906:(in Italian). Casale Monferrato (Alessandria): Piemme.
1853:
659:
Many stigmatics have been exposed for using trickery.
1163:
The stigmata, tr. from 'The Mystik', ed. by H. Austin
1060:
Catholic Cults and Devotions: A Psychological Inquiry
764:
may explain rare cases of non self-induced stigmata.
202:
contemplating the wounds of stigmata as part of the
2466:
OCCASIONAL PAPERS OF THE MUSEUM OF CULTURAL HISTORY
2444:"Padre Pio: in Italy 21 stigmatized like the friar"
2390:"New insights into the phenomenon of Natuzza Evolo"
2306:
Anomalistic Psychology: A Study of Magical Thinking
2062:
Medical Muses: Hysteria in Nineteenth-Century Paris
1974:. New York, NY: Harper & Row. pp. 10, 62.
1839:. San Francisco: Ignatius Press. pp. 25, 114.
1198:
The Word Made Flesh: A History of Christian Thought
734:
Anomalistic Psychology: A Study of Magical Thinking
3341:Sanctuary of Our Lady of the Rosary of San Nicolás
1786:"Italy's Padre Pio 'faked his stigmata with acid'"
1577:The Diagnosis of St. Francis: Evidence for Leprosy
565:in a report wrote that the wounds were caused by "
211:An individual bearing the wounds of stigmata is a
1812:Padre Pio: Miracles and Politics in a Secular Age
1759:Padre Pio: Miracles and Politics in a Secular Age
481:
3413:
2918:
2084:. Cornell University Press. pp. 24–28, 136–140.
2042:Doctors, Politics and Society: Historical Essays
697:There is a link between dietary constriction by
3357:Basilica of the Sacred Heart of Paray-le-Monial
2654:Stigmata: A Medieval Phenomenon in a Modern Age
2349:Early, Loretta F; Lifschutz, Joseph E. (1974).
2327:Stigmata: A Medieval Phenomenon in a Modern Age
2308:. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. pp. 54–56.
2021:Real-Life X-Files: Investigating the Paranormal
1924:Real-Life X-Files: Investigating the Paranormal
1915:
1913:
1877:
1875:
1521:
1519:
1084:Stigmata: A Medieval Phenomenon in a Modern Age
1077:
1075:
747:Stigmata: A Medieval Phenomenon in a Modern Age
184:Stigmata: A Medieval Phenomenon in a Modern Age
2505:Encyclopedia of Occultism & Parapsychology
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1901:
1883:Stalking the Holy: The Pursuit of Saint Making
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1575:Schazlein, Joanne; Sulmasy, Daniel P. (1987).
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1103:
1062:. McGill-Queen's University Press. pp. 80–84.
789:According to a study of the French theologian
2819:
1926:. University of Kentucky Press. pp. 276–288.
778:In 2002, a psychoanalytic study of stigmatic
3336:Shrine of the Virgin of the Rosary of Pompei
3296:Cathedral-Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar
1910:
1872:
1864:sfnp error: no target: CITEREFLuzzatto2011 (
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1477:The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art
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3301:Chapel of Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal
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2146:Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie
1902:Gaeta, Saverio; Tornielli, Andrea (2008).
1761:. Henry Holt and Company. pp. 91–92.
1422:
1298:"Catholic Encyclopedia: Mystical Stigmata"
1033:"Manifestations – Questions & Answers"
608:. She was canonised on 13 October 2019 by
595:
361:
24:
2544:
2304:Zusne, Leonard; Jones, Warren H. (1989).
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2200:International Journal of Eating Disorders
1775:
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1453:. Franciscan Friars T.O.R. Archived from
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3377:Sanctuary of Saint Michael the Archangel
3326:Sanctuary of Our Lady of Graces of Onuva
2516:
2510:
2477:Keith Taylor & John Whitmore :
2423:
2324:
2023:. University of Kentucky Press. p. 281.
1859:
1834:
1650:
1621:
1619:
1587:
1585:
1081:
709:, in the context of a religious belief.
650:
619:
485:
379:
365:
193:
102:
79:
32:This is an accepted version of this page
2780:from the original on September 9, 2021.
2426:Psychoanalysis and Contemporary Thought
2157:
1997:
1814:. Henry Holt and Company. p. 103.
1474:
1363:
1190:
655:Stigmatization of St Catherine of Siena
14:
3414:
2232:
2119:Pseudoscience: A Critical Encyclopedia
1969:
1413:
1290:
1043:
823:"stigmata" are regularly indicated in
678:or stigmata, and those claiming to be
646:
615:
2807:
2353:. Arch Gen Psychiatry 30 (2):197–200.
2040:Porter, Dorothy; Porter, Roy (1993).
1993:
1991:
1965:
1963:
1783:
1657:Marie osb, Dom Antoine (2000-04-24).
1616:
1582:
1529:. Annals of Medical History 7: 85–91.
1483:(3). Cleveland Museum of Art: 46–49.
841:
782:suggested her stigmata resulted from
2289:
1809:
1756:
1279:by Gary Laderman, Luís D. León 2003
1216:Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott,
630:on her deathbed with stigmata (1948)
371:Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata
179:professes no official view on them.
3372:Shrine of the Sacred Heart of Jesus
2492:Facets of Power and Its Limitations
1525:Hartung, Edward Frederick. (1935).
1451:"Stigmata of St. Francis of Assisi"
1170:
62:For other senses of this word, see
56:
2614:
2407:"Rivas, Catalina (Katya or Catia)"
1988:
1960:
1601:. 19 December 1949. Archived from
1324:(in Italian). September 20, 2018.
670:published works which stated that
503:physician of the City Hospital of
57:
3453:
3291:Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe
2785:
2235:"Imprisonment under the Japanese"
1579:. Franciscan Studies 47: 181–217.
1540:"Medicine: St. Francis' Stigmata"
1527:St. Francis and Medieval Medicine
1160:Johann Joseph von Görres (1883).
337:
3394:
3316:Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes
2900:
2791:
2507:. Gale Research Company. p. 1779
2294:. University of Minnesota Press.
2140:Kluger, N.; Cribier, B. (2013).
1400:"What's the deal with stigmata?"
1009:"Stigmata (Christian Mysticism)"
418:, reports the event in his 1230
3321:Shrine of Our Lady of Good Help
3311:Sanctuary of Our Lady of Fátima
2586:
2561:
2497:
2484:
2471:
2454:
2436:
2417:
2399:
2382:
2369:
2356:
2343:
2318:
2298:
2292:The Biology of Human Starvation
2283:
2226:
2191:
2151:
2111:
2094:
2074:
2054:
2034:
2010:
1942:
1936:
1895:
1828:
1803:
1750:
1692:
1671:
1635:. 24 April 1964. Archived from
1569:
1532:
1495:
1468:
1443:
1402:. The Straight Dope. 1998-02-20
1392:
1357:
1345:
1331:
1310:
1270:
1257:A Stigmatist: Marie-Rose Ferron
1250:
1229:
1210:
1142:"The Stigmata of Lilian Bernas"
682:, were actually suffering from
576:and artificially maintained by
414:St. Francis' first biographer,
3331:Shrine of Our Lady of the Hens
2388:Armando De Vincentiis (2011).
1423:Macalister, Alexander (1911).
1237:They bore the wounds of Christ
1196:Miles, Margaret Ruth. (2004).
1025:
692:dissociative identity disorder
482:Saint Padre Pio of Pietrelcina
189:
173:Order of Friars Minor Capuchin
13:
1:
3362:Sanctuary of the Divine Mercy
2720:. Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
1784:Moore, Malcolm (2007-10-24).
995:
715:obsessive–compulsive disorder
117:, Church of Saint Pantaleon,
3367:Sanctuary of Christ the King
2670:. Cornell University Press.
2479:Essays into Vietnamese Pasts
2366:. Semin Hematol 17: 192–213.
2006:: 337–339 – via JSTOR.
1881:Higgins, Michael W. (2006).
1835:Castelli, Francesco (2011).
1058:Carroll, Michael P. (1989).
859:Maria Esperanza de Bianchini
498:For over fifty years, Padre
447:Quartan malaria infects the
261:that were, according to the
244:
142:
7:
3216:Chaplet of the Divine Mercy
2666:Mazzoni, Cristina. (1996).
929:Amalia of Jesus Flagellated
668:Désiré-Magloire Bourneville
146:, 'mark, spot, brand'), in
10:
3458:
2622:The Enigma of the Stigmata
2517:Wolffram, Heather (2012).
2351:A Case of Stigmata Loretta
2173:(2): 81–96. Archived from
2121:. Greenwood. pp. 154–155.
2080:Mazzoni, Cristina (1996).
1740:. OSV Press. pp. 160–178.
1219:A Greek-English Dictionary
703:dissociative mental states
250:
232:
137:
132:
111:fainting from the stigmata
72:
61:
3389:
3349:
3281:
3272:
3192:Rosary of the Holy Wounds
3133:
3043:
3004:Interpretation of tongues
2971:
2909:
2898:
2892:Visions of Jesus and Mary
2845:
2503:Shepard, Leslie. (1991).
2000:An Irish Quarterly Review
1738:Padre Pio: The True Story
1736:Ruffin, Barnard. (1991).
1378:10.1017/S000964071200251X
762:painful bruising syndrome
420:First Life of St. Francis
254:) is a mark on the skin.
68:stigmata (disambiguation)
3252:Chaplet of Saint Michael
3165:First Saturdays Devotion
3155:Immaculate Heart of Mary
3148:First Thursdays Devotion
2710:. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
2639:The Skeptic's Dictionary
2460:Johannes Wilbert :
2411:The Skeptic's Dictionary
2396:. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
2158:Fessler, Daniel (2002).
2060:Hustvedt, Asti. (2011).
1885:. Anansi Press. p. 129.
1259:by Jeanne S. Bonin 1988
1179:by Jacques Le Goff 2003
1150:. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
919:Marie of the Incarnation
73:Not to be confused with
39:latest accepted revision
3257:Prayer to Saint Michael
2855:Apparitional experience
2734:. Peter Lang Publisher.
2652:Harrison, Ted. (1994).
2377:International Angiology
2362:Ratnoff, O. D. (1980).
2044:. Rodopi. pp. 120–121.
1436:Encyclopædia Britannica
1177:Saint Francis of Assisi
1013:Encyclopedia Britannica
914:Teresa Helena Higginson
889:Anne Catherine Emmerich
884:Mariam Thresia Chiramel
767:Skeptical investigator
760:One suggestion is that
606:Mariam Thresia Chiramel
596:Mariam Thresia Chiramel
467:, an exceedingly large
405:Exaltation of the Cross
362:Saint Francis of Assisi
177:Eastern Orthodox Church
3401:Catholicism portal
3247:in the Catholic Church
3204:First Fridays Devotion
2730:Yarom, Nitza. (1992).
2325:Harrison, Ted (1994).
2251:10.1136/bmj.2.4476.585
2233:Curtin, A. P. (1946).
2064:. Bloomsbury. p. 279.
1426:"Stigmatization"
1200:. Wiley. pp. 160–161.
1118:. Wiley. pp. 366–367.
1082:Harrison, Ted (1994).
939:Maria Domenica Lazzeri
801:Non-Christian stigmata
743:
656:
631:
604:with stigmata was nun
495:
433:
392:
377:
343:Saint Ansbert of Rouen
240:
208:
171:of Pietrelcina of the
121:
100:
3422:Catholic spirituality
3228:Eucharistic adoration
3071:Normae Congregationis
2887:Vision (spirituality)
2117:Regal, Brian (2009).
1677:Michael Freze, 1989,
1639:on September 30, 2007
1235:Michael Freze, 1993,
784:post-traumatic stress
738:
654:
637:University of Antwerp
623:
600:The first saint from
489:
424:
383:
369:
329:Differently from the
229:
197:
165:St. Francis of Assisi
106:
83:
3442:Crucifixion of Jesus
2972:Extraordinary graces
2800:at Wikimedia Commons
2687:. Prometheus Books.
2656:. St Martins Press.
2628:Carroll, Robert Todd
2620:Biot, René. (1962).
2450:. December 18, 1997.
2329:. St Martins Press.
2290:Keys, Ancel (1950).
2180:on February 22, 2006
1970:Wilson, Ian (1989).
1627:"A Padre's Patience"
1558:on November 16, 2007
1110:Carroll, Robert Todd
1086:. St Martins Press.
813:, a contemplator of
736:(1989) has written:
674:claiming to produce
661:Magdalena de la Cruz
517:Giuseppe Bastianelli
494:showing the stigmata
312:Hospitality and Pain
3427:Christian mythology
3221:Divine Mercy novena
2931:Miracle of Lanciano
2926:Eucharistic miracle
2860:Christian mysticism
2598:www.telegraph.co.uk
2537:10.1017/mdh.2011.37
1956:. October 12, 2019.
1790:The Daily Telegraph
1341:. October 24, 2019.
924:Marie Julie Jahenny
647:Scientific research
616:Stigmata and gender
205:Imitation of Christ
29:Page version status
3432:Christian miracles
3143:Acts of reparation
2943:Miracle of the Sun
2835:Private revelation
2600:. 27 November 2005
2573:www.mamamia.com.au
2100:Seidl, O. (2008).
1954:www.vaticannews.va
1810:Luzzatto, Sergio.
1757:Luzzatto, Sergio.
1147:Skeptical Inquirer
979:Catherine of Siena
969:Catherine of Ricci
842:Notable stigmatics
830:Some spiritualist
795:Marie-July Jahenny
666:Early neurologist
657:
632:
529:University of Rome
500:Pio of Pietrelcina
496:
393:
378:
259:Five Sacred Wounds
209:
122:
101:
35:
3409:
3408:
3385:
3384:
3238:Our Lady of Tears
3123:Mystical theology
3058:Code of canon law
3039:
3038:
3014:Word of Knowledge
2948:Odour of sanctity
2919:Miraculous events
2882:Religious ecstasy
2877:Marian apparition
2796:Media related to
2754:978-90-04-43935-1
2703:What is Stigmata?
2698:Radford, Benjamin
2648:978-0-471-27242-7
2624:. Hawthorn Books.
2336:978-0-312-11372-8
2314:978-0-805-80507-9
2245:(4476): 585–586.
2127:978-0-313-35507-3
2070:978-1-4088-2235-7
1846:978-1-58617-405-7
1821:978-1-4299-4645-2
1768:978-1-4299-4645-2
1681:, OSV Publishing
1239:, OSV Publishing
1206:978-1-4051-0846-1
1093:978-0-312-11372-8
954:Marcelline Pauper
909:Veronica Giuliani
899:Marie Rose Ferron
874:Benedetta Carlini
849:Francis of Assisi
728:The psychologist
409:Pope Alexander IV
397:Francis of Assisi
386:Francis of Assisi
298:Odour of Sanctity
271:Marie Rose Ferron
200:Francis of Assisi
47:13 September 2024
26:
16:(Redirected from
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3170:Miraculous Medal
2994:Gifts of healing
2989:Gift of miracles
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1593:"The Stigmatist"
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1554:. Archived from
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944:Anneliese Michel
815:tutelary spirits
719:prisoners of war
711:Anorexia nervosa
582:Agostino Gemelli
521:Pope Benedict XV
416:Thomas of Celano
331:Five Holy Wounds
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88:, depicted on a
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3078:Tribus circiter
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2839:Catholic Church
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2615:Further reading
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2575:. 22 March 2020
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949:Therese Neumann
869:Lucy Brocadelli
864:Mariam Baouardy
854:Marguerite Bays
844:
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791:Joachim Bouflet
780:Therese Neumann
707:self-mutilation
699:self-starvation
649:
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519:, physician to
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363:
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344:
341:
339:
338:Specific cases
336:
290:Holy Eucharist
282:Holy Communion
221:Galatians 6:17
191:
188:
119:Alsace, France
58:
36:
30:
27:
25:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3454:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3391:
3388:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3348:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3271:
3265:
3262:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3248:
3244:
3243:Saint Michael
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3212:
3209:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3200:
3197:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3153:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3135:Popular piety
3132:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3092:
3091:Rule of Faith
3089:
3087:
3084:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3073:
3072:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2938:Lourdes water
2936:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2903:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2829:
2824:
2822:
2817:
2815:
2810:
2809:
2806:
2799:
2794:
2790:
2789:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2750:
2743:
2742:
2736:
2733:
2729:
2727:
2726:0-297-79099-4
2723:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2705:
2704:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2693:1-57392-680-9
2690:
2686:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2676:0-8014-3229-4
2673:
2669:
2665:
2663:
2662:0-312-11372-2
2659:
2655:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2619:
2618:
2599:
2595:
2589:
2574:
2570:
2564:
2556:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2525:
2520:
2513:
2506:
2500:
2493:
2487:
2480:
2474:
2467:
2463:
2457:
2449:
2445:
2439:
2432:(3): 329–358.
2431:
2427:
2420:
2412:
2408:
2402:
2395:
2391:
2385:
2378:
2372:
2365:
2359:
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2321:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2301:
2293:
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2278:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2229:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2194:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2161:
2154:
2148:140: 771–777.
2147:
2143:
2137:
2135:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2114:
2107:
2103:
2097:
2091:
2090:0-8014-3229-4
2087:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2050:90-5183-510-8
2047:
2043:
2037:
2030:
2029:0-8131-2210-4
2026:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2005:
2001:
1994:
1992:
1983:
1981:0-06-250974-8
1977:
1973:
1966:
1964:
1955:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1933:
1932:0-8131-2210-4
1929:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1914:
1905:
1898:
1892:
1891:0-88784-181-3
1888:
1884:
1878:
1876:
1867:
1862:, p. 59.
1861:
1856:
1848:
1842:
1838:
1831:
1823:
1817:
1813:
1806:
1791:
1787:
1778:
1770:
1764:
1760:
1753:
1747:
1746:0-87973-673-9
1743:
1739:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1705:
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1688:
1687:0-87973-422-1
1684:
1680:
1674:
1660:
1653:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1632:Time Magazine
1628:
1622:
1620:
1604:
1600:
1599:
1598:Time Magazine
1594:
1588:
1586:
1578:
1572:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1535:
1528:
1522:
1520:
1505:. Fordham.edu
1504:
1498:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1471:
1457:on 2012-03-07
1456:
1452:
1446:
1438:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1419:
1417:
1401:
1395:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1360:
1354:
1348:
1340:
1334:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1313:
1299:
1293:
1286:
1285:1-57607-238-X
1282:
1278:
1273:
1266:
1265:2-89039-161-2
1262:
1258:
1253:
1246:
1245:0-87973-422-1
1242:
1238:
1232:
1226:
1225:
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1220:
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1193:
1186:
1185:0-415-28473-2
1182:
1178:
1173:
1165:
1164:
1156:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1125:
1124:0-471-27242-6
1121:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1104:
1095:
1089:
1085:
1078:
1076:
1069:
1068:0-7735-0693-4
1065:
1061:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1038:
1034:
1028:
1014:
1010:
1004:
1000:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
934:Louise Lateau
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
904:Gemma Galgani
902:
900:
897:
895:
894:Natuzza Evolo
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
846:
839:
837:
833:
828:
826:
822:
818:
816:
812:
811:Orinoco Delta
808:
798:
796:
792:
787:
785:
781:
776:
774:
770:
765:
763:
758:
756:
750:
748:
742:
737:
735:
731:
730:Leonard Zusne
726:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
695:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
664:
662:
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638:
629:
626:
622:
613:
611:
607:
603:
593:
591:
586:
583:
579:
575:
571:
568:
564:
563:Amico Bignami
560:
558:
554:
550:
549:carbolic acid
545:
543:
542:Giuseppe Sala
539:
535:
530:
526:
525:Amico Bignami
522:
518:
514:
513:Giorgio Festa
510:
506:
501:
493:
488:
479:
477:
472:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
445:
443:
439:
432:
428:
423:
421:
417:
412:
410:
406:
402:
398:
391:
387:
382:
376:
372:
368:
359:
356:
353:
351:
335:
332:
327:
325:
320:
317:
313:
310:In his paper
308:
306:
301:
299:
293:
291:
287:
283:
278:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
255:
246:
239:
236:
228:
226:
222:
218:
214:
207:
206:
201:
196:
187:
185:
180:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
160:
156:
153:
149:
144:
130:
129:Ancient Greek
126:
120:
116:
112:
110:
105:
99:
95:
91:
87:
82:
76:
69:
65:
48:
44:
40:
33:
28:
19:
3306:Knock Shrine
3211:Divine Mercy
3199:Sacred Heart
3175:Seven Dolors
3160:Consecration
3097:Sensus fidei
3095:
3076:
3069:
3062:
3030:
2740:
2731:
2717:
2702:
2684:
2681:Nickell, Joe
2667:
2653:
2637:
2632:
2621:
2602:. Retrieved
2597:
2588:
2577:. Retrieved
2572:
2563:
2528:
2522:
2512:
2504:
2499:
2491:
2486:
2478:
2473:
2465:
2461:
2456:
2438:
2429:
2425:
2419:
2410:
2401:
2384:
2379:14: 130–137.
2376:
2371:
2363:
2358:
2350:
2345:
2326:
2320:
2305:
2300:
2291:
2285:
2242:
2238:
2228:
2206:(1): 33–38.
2203:
2199:
2193:
2182:. Retrieved
2175:the original
2170:
2166:
2153:
2145:
2141:
2118:
2113:
2105:
2101:
2096:
2081:
2076:
2061:
2056:
2041:
2036:
2020:
2017:Nickell, Joe
2012:
2003:
1999:
1971:
1953:
1944:
1938:
1923:
1920:Nickell, Joe
1903:
1897:
1882:
1855:
1836:
1830:
1811:
1805:
1793:. Retrieved
1789:
1777:
1758:
1752:
1737:
1708:. Retrieved
1703:
1694:
1689:pp. 283–285.
1678:
1673:
1662:. Retrieved
1652:
1641:. Retrieved
1637:the original
1630:
1607:. Retrieved
1603:the original
1596:
1576:
1571:
1560:. Retrieved
1556:the original
1543:
1534:
1526:
1507:. Retrieved
1497:
1480:
1476:
1470:
1459:. Retrieved
1455:the original
1445:
1434:
1404:. Retrieved
1394:
1372:(1): 40–68.
1369:
1365:
1359:
1347:
1333:
1325:
1321:
1312:
1301:. Retrieved
1292:
1276:
1272:
1256:
1252:
1236:
1231:
1223:
1217:
1212:
1197:
1192:
1176:
1172:
1162:
1155:
1145:
1138:Nickell, Joe
1113:
1083:
1059:
1036:
1027:
1016:. Retrieved
1012:
1003:
984:Zlatko Sudac
974:Marthe Robin
829:
825:Buddhist art
819:
804:
788:
777:
766:
759:
751:
746:
744:
739:
733:
732:in his book
727:
696:
665:
658:
642:
633:
610:Pope Francis
599:
587:
561:
546:
497:
473:
468:
464:
446:
434:
429:
425:
419:
413:
394:
357:
354:
346:
328:
314:, Christian
311:
309:
302:
294:
279:
256:
241:
237:
230:
216:
212:
210:
203:
183:
181:
163:
159:Jesus Christ
135:, plural of
124:
123:
109:St Catherine
107:
85:
46:
37:This is the
31:
3113:Christology
3086:Magisterium
3045:Discernment
2999:Glossolalia
2958:Thaumaturgy
2953:Tabor Light
2847:Revelations
2714:Wilson, Ian
2708:LiveScience
1700:"Padre Pio"
836:Albert Moll
769:Joe Nickell
721:and during
319:Ivan Illich
190:Description
152:crucifixion
148:Catholicism
84:Hands with
3437:Stigmatics
3416:Categories
3182:Pilgrimage
3026:Levitation
2979:Bilocation
2771:2020031449
2716:. (1988).
2700:. (2014).
2683:. (1993).
2630:. (2003).
2604:2023-10-04
2579:2023-10-04
2184:2009-09-12
2106:Nervenarzt
2019:. (2001).
1922:. (2001).
1795:2012-04-25
1710:2012-02-27
1664:2006-09-27
1643:2008-01-19
1609:2008-01-19
1562:2009-09-14
1509:2012-02-27
1461:2012-02-27
1406:2012-02-27
1322:L'Avvenire
1303:2008-07-02
1140:. (2004).
1112:. (2003).
1018:2018-07-03
996:References
989:Rhoda Wise
805:Among the
757:appeared.
574:suggestion
509:tubercular
465:ecchymoses
316:theologian
225:Saint Paul
213:stigmatist
92:church in
90:Franciscan
75:Stigmatism
18:Stigmatist
3233:Holy Hour
3118:Mariology
3053:Documents
2763:0169-8834
2642:. Wiley.
2448:Adnkronos
2259:0959-8138
1552:0040-781X
964:Padre Pio
680:possessed
557:veratrine
492:Padre Pio
305:ecstatics
275:scourging
217:stigmatic
169:Padre Pio
115:Il Sodoma
3264:Scapular
3103:Theology
3031:Stigmata
3009:Prophecy
2911:Miracles
2870:interior
2865:Locution
2798:Stigmata
2775:Archived
2633:Stigmata
2555:23002297
2446:. Rome:
2277:21284113
1489:25151940
1386:23358905
821:Buddhist
688:hysteria
684:epilepsy
676:miracles
570:necrosis
567:neurotic
505:Barletta
490:A young
438:trachoma
390:El Greco
133:στίγματα
125:Stigmata
86:stigmata
43:reviewed
3274:Shrines
3245:
2984:Charism
2837:in the
2546:3381525
2268:2054516
2220:7894450
1433:(ed.).
1037:oca.org
832:mediums
809:of the
773:hoaxing
755:priests
745:In his
723:famines
625:Belgian
527:of the
476:leprosy
469:purpura
461:purpura
457:stomach
350:Ansbert
324:Messiah
98:Austria
3350:Others
3187:Rosary
2769:
2761:
2751:
2724:
2691:
2674:
2660:
2646:
2553:
2543:
2333:
2312:
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2265:
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2088:
2068:
2048:
2027:
1978:
1930:
1889:
1843:
1818:
1765:
1744:
1706:. 1968
1685:
1550:
1487:
1384:
1287:p. 336
1283:
1267:p. 153
1263:
1247:p. 125
1243:
1204:
1183:
1122:
1090:
1066:
672:saints
590:gloves
578:iodine
553:Foggia
538:X-rays
455:, and
453:spleen
375:Giotto
286:inedia
251:στίγμα
245:stígma
227:says:
198:Saint
155:wounds
143:stigma
138:στίγμα
64:Stigma
2778:(PDF)
2745:(PDF)
2636:. In
2178:(PDF)
2163:(PDF)
1485:JSTOR
1429:. In
1382:JSTOR
1187:p. 44
807:Warao
602:India
534:edema
449:liver
388:, by
263:Bible
219:. In
215:or a
94:Lienz
2767:LCCN
2759:ISSN
2749:ISBN
2722:ISBN
2689:ISBN
2672:ISBN
2658:ISBN
2644:ISBN
2551:PMID
2331:ISBN
2310:ISBN
2273:PMID
2255:ISSN
2216:PMID
2123:ISBN
2086:ISBN
2066:ISBN
2046:ISBN
2025:ISBN
1976:ISBN
1928:ISBN
1887:ISBN
1866:help
1841:ISBN
1816:ISBN
1763:ISBN
1742:ISBN
1683:ISBN
1548:ISSN
1544:Time
1281:ISBN
1261:ISBN
1241:ISBN
1224:s.v.
1202:ISBN
1181:ISBN
1120:ISBN
1088:ISBN
1064:ISBN
705:and
440:and
395:St.
384:St.
296:the
66:and
2541:PMC
2533:doi
2263:PMC
2247:doi
2239:BMJ
2208:doi
2004:107
1374:doi
686:or
373:by
157:of
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
