Stroe Leurdeanu - Knowledge

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encounter being described by Gane as a "sit-down between dog and wolf". Axinte recounts Stroe's return as "honorable and peaceful", an example to other exiles that they could also return; Ducas, "seeing that the Cantacuzinos were again rising and expanding, pushing the prince to do things unbecoming that stood outside his own will and strength, was seeing them with somewhat fearful eyes, and wanted to bring back the exiles at all cost." Also according to Axinte, the Cantacuzinos had sensed this peril before Stroe's return, and fabricated evidence that he, with Radu Dudescu and Gheorghe Băleanu (who were still in Bucharest), worked to usurp the throne. Ducas had Băleanu subjected to an

869: 274: 29: 721:, the boyars "did not want" Istratie to rule over them, which led them to fabricate charges against him as well. This looming threat caused Istratie to seek protection in territory more directly controlled by the Ottomans. Prince Matei was allegedly "infuriated" by his behavior, persecuting Nedelco and Costea, and confiscating one of the Leurdeanus' village fiefs. However, Krauss also claims that the families eventually reconciled when Matei allowed Istratie to return home. In this account, the Prince ensured that Istratie married well, to Ilinca—daughter of 1170:, upon reunion with his ally, the Prince openly acknowledged that Leurdeanu was not guilty of the Cantacuzino killing, stating to his boyars that responsibility was entirely his. By April 1672, Stroe had returned with Ghica to Wallachia, where the latter retook his throne. As reported by Axinte (but not by other sources), he was again part of a regency council, managing affairs while the Prince recovered from his illness. The regime relied on the Leurdeanus in "permanently remov the Cantacuzinos", sending the men of this family to be tortured at 836:, he found himself imprisoned as a hostage for two months, as a guarantee that Mihnea would honor his debt to his various Ottoman creditors. At around the same time, Mihnea III accused Istratie Leurdeanu of treason and oversaw his execution. He still nominated Stroe as one of his leading counsels, though, as Rezachevici notes, he could no longer have any guarantee of loyalty from a bereaved father. According to Rezachievici, the surviving Leaurdeanus agreed to an alliance with Mihnea only because of their mutual hatred for an Ottoman protege, 1208: 1417:, the first generations of Romanian historians "have shown themselves to be more than harsh in depicting Stroe Leurdeanu, though he had always denied, including during his trial, any participation in the crime for which he stood accused." The Cantacuzinos, who retained political prominence into the 20th century, cultivated Leurdeanu's image as an antagonist. His sentencing was the subject of a mural painting by 710:), and taken out 85 bags of gold. A 1654 writ left by Constantin Șerban claims that Stroe narrowly escaped decapitation, though he was innocent of the charges. Matei, who had no means of covering his losses, only resorted to having the three men cursed and stripped of their offices. Historian Vasile Novac notes that the details of the accusation were overall implausible: Stroe was alleged to have taken 42,500 1075:: June 28). During its proceedings, the Cantacuzinos produced three letters, which reputedly showed Stroe urging Ghica to physically liquidate their patriarch. As was the legal custom of the day, Leurdeanu was not allowed to confront either the evidence or his accusers; in the anti-Cantacuzino epic known as 1015:

Ghica himself was deposed by the Porte in December 1664. Trying to gain the upper hand over his rivals, Leurdeanu dispatched to Istanbul a delegation of boyars, who proposed Dumitrașco Buzoianu, a Wallachian squire, as Prince. This "tool in the hand of the Stroe Leurdeanu group" was never considered,

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in April 1669 was a major setback in Stroe's political career. Antonie, seen as a "native Prince", and therefore as sympathetic to the Cantacuzino cause, began his reign by placing a curse on all those who had inspired Ghica's violent repression; with other targets either absent from the country or

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In 1668, after a period of relative peace, the Cantacuzino party intended to expose Leurdeanu's guilt by suggesting he sign another writ which attested Constantin I's innocence. The Prince himself acknowledged that Stroe was a murderer, but ignored Cantacuzino pleas to have him tried, and instead

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s side and accused the others of perjury. Upon the end of this summary trial in December 1663, Ghica ordered Constantin I's strangling. His killing disgusted the Wallachian public, in particular for its relative secrecy, expediency, and execution method. Șerban Cantacuzino received a less drastic

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replaced Ghica on the throne, Leurdeanu again fled to Transylvania. Nevertheless, Ducas sent for him, promising him and his partisans that "no harm would come to them, but rather that he would hold them in great esteem." The news was delivered to Stroe by Drăghici's son Pârvu Cantacuzino, their

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Initially sentenced to death, Leurdeanu was pardoned by the Prince. This was reportedly requested by Constantin I's widow (also named Elina), who asked that Stroe be instead ordered to spend his remaining years in monastic solitude. According to historian Violeta Barbu, the Prince was in fact

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s rise. They reputedly informed Grigore Ghica about the goings-on at the court, alleging in particular that his former son-in-law (who was serving under arms at the time) intended to take the throne. While Gane believes the accusation was "calumny crazy talk", Rezachevici notes that it was

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on January 8, 1627. His father had his final commission in 1626, dying at some point in 1629. During his subsequent ascent, Stroe was married three times. No surviving document mentions the name of his first wife, though she is known to have given birth to his eldest son,

935:, the latter camp was in fact organized around Leurdeanu, and, according to Rezachevici, would be more accurately known as the Leurdenists. This stand-off followed an initial attempt at alliance between the two clans: in 1658, Stroe's daughter Elina had married 587:, who took the Wallachian throne in 1632. According to family tradition, Vișa had in fact been adopted by her princely relative, meaning that Leurdeanu was symbolically Matei's son-in-law. From this matrimonial arrangement, Stroe received in 1630 the village of 1048:

allowed the Leurdeanus to increase in size their landed estates. His attempt to appease both sides failed, and his inaction pushed the Cantacuzinos to declare civil war on the Prince in December 1668. According to an apologetic family chronicle, known as

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Ancuța Elena Soare, Elena Drăgan Popescu, "Vestimentația laică din tablourile ctitorilor de biserici – o identitate a spațiului argeșean în secolul al XVII-lea", in Luminița Botoșineanu, Ofelia Ichim, Cecilia Maticiuc, Dinu Moscal, Elena Tamba (eds.),

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interested in preserving a political balance and reapplied a "fundamental norm" of old Wallachian (and more generally Romanian) society. Elina, she notes, only granted Leurdeanu forgiveness as a "private gesture", and because Leurdeanu had offered her

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According to various reports, the childless Prince Matei was grooming Istratie to be his heir on the throne. The Craiovești–Leurdeanu alliance soon gave way to violent rivalry, in circumstances that are not entirely elucidated. According to chronicler

817:, serving as such from October 13, 1655, to January 30, 1658; during the final year of Șerban's reign, he had again lost his office. His son by Vișa, generally known in sources as Matei Golescu, also climbed through the ranks, serving as Șerban's 675:, where before 1647 he had buried a son, Necula (died 1633), and a daughter, Axinia. Vișa was also dead by 1655, when Leurdeanu began litigation against his in-laws over her estate. He held on to Golești, where, the following year, he welcomed 1093:. Another scholar, Ion Ionașcu, suggests that Antonie's punitive justice was not even-handed, since several boyars who had conspired with Leurdeanu remained active at the court, with Gheorghe Băleanu even contributing to Stroe's sentencing. 1260:, presided upon by Șerban Cantacuzino. Possibly reverting to his status as a monk, Leurdeanu was last mentioned as being alive on March 15, 1678, and is known to have been dead by December 18, 1679. He was buried at Sfântul Ioan-Grecesc. 725:

and granddaughter of Michael the Brave. This granted the younger Leurdeanu ownership over 24 villages from Michael and Pătrașcu's unclaimed personal estate. On April 27, 1654, days after Prince Matei's death, Stroe Leurdeanu was made

821:. As Șerban rebelled against the Ottomans in late 1658, Leurdeanu remained by his side. He was attached to Șerban's court as it escaped into Transylvania, but returned by December 9 to be made treasurer by his usurper, 1433:

called Leurdeanu "one of the most complex and dramatic boyar characters in Romanian medieval history. He lived during a troubled era, one made even more troubled by his fierce, gold-thirsty, authoritative presence."

1131:. Upon being informed of the escape, Antonie sent letters to his Transylvanian counterpart, asking that Leurdeanu be jailed and returned. In one of these, he asked for a retrial to be held under Apafi's watch, with 848: 1255:

while trespassing on church grounds. The conflict was finally settled by Crețulescu and Vâlcu-Grădișteanu. Sources show that in 1678 Stroe was no longer a regent in Bucharest: Ducas preferred a triumvirate of

1139:. By then, Leurdeanu's exiled partisans had reached out to the Ottoman overlord, depicting Antonie as an irresponsible ruler. Matei Golescu was still in Wallachia: also in 1670, Antonie heard a complaint from 1356:. Of the paintings commissioned by Leurdeanu, only one portrait of him and his family survives in a watercolor copy; the original was probably at Leordeni church. It shows Leurdeanu wearing a combination of 2595: 825:. As noted by historian Constantin Rezachevici, Mihnea, in reality a Greek merchant, was entirely without internal support, and asked the Șerbanist boyars to return in order to better secure his throne. 1988:

Almaș, p. 77; Gane, pp. 333–336; Novac, p. 215; Rafailă, p. 151; Rezachevici, pp. 106, 108; Stoicescu, pp. 135–136, 204. See also Anghelescu, p. IX; Bengesco, pp. 15–17; Panaitescu, pp. 435–436, 448–449

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Leurdeanu probably died as a monk, at some point before December 1679. He had many sons, but only two are known to have survived him. One was Stroe II, who maintained leading positions at the court of

514:; if proven, this would make Stroe a half-brother of Michael's boyaress daughter, Marula Cornățeanca. From his marriages, Fiera also had sons Vintilă, Nedelco and Neagu, none of whom managed to enter 2952: 1036:Ștefan testified that Ghica had come to regret his role in the affair, "shedding tears in front of the icons". The Cantacuzinos' political rehabilitation was formally recorded as an act of the 1429:

noted that, while the Golescus as a whole had a good standing in Romanian history, their patriarch Stroe impacted the landscape of Golești with "tumultuous recollections". Writing in 1971,

1108:(first recorded in April 1670), he managed a fourth escape into Transylvania; according to Ionașcu, this escape is most accurately dated to September 1670, when he is mentioned as entering 376:

rebellion and again during Constantin Șerban's downfall, the Leurdeanus remained at the center of political life into the 1660s. Although he ordered Istratie's execution, Prince

1050: 1167: 880:(shaded orange) as it looked in the 17th century. Leurdeanu's home was located just north of Sfântul Ioan-Grecesc, near the mouth of Tabaci stream, and four streets west of 1344:, Stroe Leurdeanu inaugurated work on the family manor in the latter village. Unlike the country manor, his home in Tabaci no longer exists, having been leveled to build 1096:

After being taken into custody, Leurdeanu was stripped of his clothes and made to wear his letters as a necklace, then placed in a wagon which took him from Bucharest to

837: 510:, who would become Prince of Wallachia in the 1650s. Several sources suggest that Stroe's mother was Tudora, Fiera's second wife and previously the paramour of Prince 410: 2851: 795:. Elina's two sisters later testified that the family's wealth was much affected by the uprising, which also destroyed the villages owned by Stroe and took away his " 1071:("Satan's vessel") in the 1663 episode, but "adamantly and fiercely refuted the charges". His trial began on Easter Sunday, in April, and formally ended on June 18 ( 746: 1306: 2809:

Constantin Rezachevici, "Fenomene de criză social-politică în Țara Românească în veacul al XVII-lea (Partea a II-a: a doua jumătate a secolului al XVII-lea)", in

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Violeta Barbu, "Elina Cantacuzino: Doamna 'prea frumoasă la suflet și la trup'", in Violeta Barbu, Maria Magdalena Székely, Kinga S. Tüdős, Angela Jianu (eds.),

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in 1673. One document from 1680 suggests that Stroe Sr may have also had a living daughter, married to Șerban Pârvu Cantacuzino, grandson of his enemy Drăghici.

653:, returning as Great Treasurer on December 24, and serving there to February 25, 1651. For most of this interval, he was seconded by his son Istratie. Stroe and 700:, jealous boyars suggested to Matei that Istratie was plotting to have him killed. A document dated to 1652 clarifies that Stroe was sacked upon revelations of 2992: 1398: 1322: 1077: 672: 580: 2156:

Almaș, p. 78; Axinte Uricariul, p. 113; Bengesco, p. 15; Gane, pp. 344–345; Ionașcu, pp. 9–10, 27; Panaitescu, p. 436; Rezachevici, p. 114; Stoicescu, p. 204

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was inherited by Stroe's great-granddaughter Safta, who married into the Crețulescu family. In the 19th century, it became the domain of doctor-politician

994: 950:. Despite being Constantin I's nephew, Dumitrașcu took Stroe's side, and was widely seen as subordinate to his will; their co-conspirators were a Romanian 553: 352: 208: 2485: 2656: 1135:

Radu Toma Năsturel and the younger Cantacuzinos as accusers. His request was ignored, and Leurdeanu was received as an honored guest at Apafi's court in

960: 956: 2820:și intervenția statului în reglementarea datoriilor private. Curama și 'lepădarea datoriilor' în divan în Țara Românească a secolului al XVII-lea", in 2688: 1082: 964: 1037: 697: 489: 2480: 2922: 1067:

already dead, Antonie focused his wrath on the Leurdeanus. While his son Matei was openly persecuted, Stroe was arrested and tried for his role as

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ended on December 2, a date which marked his third refuge into Transylvania. He returned to Wallachia around January 1666, and served Radu Leon as

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treatment: Ghica ordered his "carving at the nose", which theoretically invalidated him from ever becoming Prince. The clampdown also caused the

1182:. Though untitled, Leurdeanu served on the Divan, almost uninterruptedly, from April 1672 to June 1673. He was again made Wallachian regent (or 3002: 2977: 1317:. His political activity saw a complete reconciliation with the Cantacuzinos, who became allies of his in a boyar revolt against the intruding 1273: 1521:

Stoicescu, pp. 170, 181, 186, 188, 203–204, 205. See also Almaș, p. 77; Anghelescu, pp. VI–X; Bengescu, p. 14; Novac, p. 214; Țighiliu, p. 405

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Ion Ionașcu, "Din politica internă și externă a Țării Românești în domnia lui Antonie Vodă din Popești (1669–1672)", in N. I. Simache (ed.),

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or theft—specifically, that he and two boyar accomplices had broken into the crate holding coins that Wallachia owed in Ottoman tribute (the

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sufficiently plausible. According to the 18th-century chronicler Constantin Căpitanul Filipescu, Ghica had his own suspicions against the

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in the 1710s suggest that the letters existed, but not that they were necessarily authentic: "who truly wrote them, God only knows".

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was involved in a property dispute with the monks of Sfântul Ioan-Grecesc Church: Leurdeanu defended his right to draw water from

467:. The Leurdeanu line was nevertheless extinguished, and survived into modernity through a collateral branch, the Golescu family. 3007: 1285: 1174:. During this interval, Stroe himself reportedly ordered the arrest and torture of other Cantacuzino heirs, including the future 2987: 1189: 429: 428:. He escaped and fled abroad, returning to Wallachia as Grigore Ghica retook the throne, and again served as regent during the 1204:, ultimately realizing that he was being misled; the Cantacuzinos' position at the court was completely weakened as a result. 273: 3017: 2841: 2802:

Grina-Mihaela Rafailă, "Catalogul documentelor lui Grigore I Ghica aflate în colecțiile Muzeului Municipiului București", in

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and a coalition formed by Greek and Romanian boyars. Though generally known in historiography as the Băleanu party, after

1325:, helping them storm into Bucharest. One of Radu's daughters was matriarch of the modern Golescu family, through her son 1033: 859: 638:); he held those twin offices to March 2, 1641. Banking on his wife's influence at the court, he obtained the village of 1314: 591:. The third and last of Leurdeanu's wives was another one of Prince Matei's relatives, Elina of Prooroci (died 1655). 1188:

of the throne) in 1672 and again in 1673; on both occasions, Ghica was leading Wallachian troops participating in the

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from January 11, 1661, to December 2, 1665. This tenure also saw him serving two short terms as Wallachian regent, or

2937: 2700: 2676: 1353: 3012: 2947: 2907: 2902: 1179: 920: 481: 453: 397: 2562:, "Alte note despre cultura și viața socială românească sub Vechiul Regim", in Costin Clit, Mihai Rotariu (eds.), 1054:, Prince Radu plotted the mass murder of surviving Cantacuzinos, being assisted in this by Leurdeanu and Muselim. 2932: 2912: 757:, with tears in their eyes and pleading that they allow Constantine Voivode to rule as prince in their country." 989:

Returning to Bucharest with his defeated army, Prince Grigore ordered a confrontation of the boyar witnesses at

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of the throne. He was victorious over the Cantacuzinos in his final years, overseeing the arrest and torture of

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Bengesco, pp. 15, 17; Iliescu, pp. 257–258; Mavrodin & Popescu, p. 216; Soare & Drăgan Popescu, p. 468

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Almaș, p. 78; Anghelescu, pp. VI, IX–XII; Bengesco, pp. 19–27; Novac, pp. 215–217; Stoicescu, pp. 186–187, 206

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Leurdeanu's flight was made possible by the Prince's absence from Wallachia—he was at the time fighting the

2882: 1352:, donated by СTPOЄ ВЄΛЬ ВИСTIA ("Stroe the Great Treasurer") and his wife Vișa, and now displayed by the 2972: 2201:

Almaș, p. 78; Anghelescu, pp. IX–X; Axinte Uricariul, p. 113; Gane, p. 345; Ionașcu, p. 10; Novac, p. 215

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Axinte Uricariul, p. 118; Ionașcu, pp. 16, 27; Stoicescu, p. 205. See also Gane, p. 346; Rafailă, p. 151

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s other heir, Drăghici, to flee Wallachia; he died at Istanbul in 1667, possibly murdered by Sofialiul.

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According to several Romanian historians, the conflict was unavoidable once Constantin I, at the time a

3022: 2962: 1389: 661:("taking leave"). During this first portion of his career, Leurdeanu became noted as an art patron and 548: 315: 2757:

Constantin Iliescu, "Complexul Muzeal Național Golești, județul Argeș", in Arad Museum Complex (ed.),

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Stoicescu, pp. 135, 204. See also Almaș, p. 77; Gane, pp. 330–332; Novac, p. 215; Rafailă, pp. 150–151

1380:, accidentally discovered during a 1965 dig at his wife's estate of Dealul Goleasca (by then part of 1227:, from May 11, 1675, and again in June–September 1677—this was the interval in which Ducas served as 1144: 1090: 750: 657:

Radu Cocorăscu were fully in charge of Wallachia's government in August 1645, while Prince Matei was

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Stroe reconciled with the Cantacuzinos and the Craiovești, serving three short terms as Wallachia's

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uprising in February 1655. After February 15, Leurdeanu had left Wallachia and taken refuge in the

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Paul I. Cernovodeanu, Nicolae Vătămanu, "Tabacii din Bucureștii de sus în veacul al XVII-lea", in

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Tudoran Vlădescu, who wanted to be returned ownership of Slănicul de Jos. He earned support from

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by Constantin Șerban, who had usurped the throne; the following day, Istratie was reinstated as

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Costea. Stroe's last two wives are known by name. The first was Vișa Goleasca, related to the

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Theodor Mavrodin, Eugenia Popescu, "Depozitul de vase feudale de la Ștefănești-Pitești", in

1334: 1032:, convened on April 14, 1666, to reassess the Cantacuzino killing. During this session, the 936: 810: 595: 2165:

Almaș, p. 78; Bengesco, p. 15; Gane, pp. 344–345; Ionașcu, pp. 9–10, 27; Panaitescu, p. 436

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Tradiție/inovație – identitate/alteritate: paradigme în evoluția limbii și culturii române

507: 360: 8: 2897: 1112:"together with his wife and child". The local authorities detained them and sent them to 903:

on January 21, 1660. He would serve as such to August 28 of the same year, returning as

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Ioan N. Ionescu, "Școala Națională Domnească. Cea mai veche școală din Câmpulung", in

749:, Pană Filipescu, and Preda Bucșanu, "prostrated before the Emperor-sultan Mehmed and 639: 2855: 2837: 2793: 2731: 2723: 2714: 2710: 2696: 2672: 2567: 2275: 1414: 983: 792: 676: 573: 538: 511: 203: 2613: 1539:

Iolanda Țighiliu, "Detalii privind domeniul lui Constantin Brâncoveanu voievod", in

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Grădina rozelor. Femei din Moldova, Țara Românească și Transilvania (sec. XVII–XIX)

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Stoicescu, pp. 143–144. See also Bengesco, p. 15; Gane, p. 331; Rezachevici, p. 105

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Almaș, p. 78; Axinte Uricariul, p. 113; Barbu, p. 125; Gane, p. 345; Ionașcu, p. 10

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between November 21, 1632, and February 8, 1633, but he continued to be cited as a

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used Stroe as his diplomat, causing the latter to be detained as a hostage by the

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Bunea-Vâlcu Grădișteanu, had to flee Bucharest, which had been devastated by the

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Constantin II. While Istratie had died childless, Matei Golescu's son, diplomat

1147:, and eventually Matei lost the village. The Leurdeanus also sold their land in 1136: 628:, and Matei Basarab, to October 6, 1635. On December 20, Matei made Leurdeanu a 2660: 1678:

Stoicescu, pp. 176, 204, 205. See also Novac, pp. 214–215; Rizescu, pp. 134–136

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hairdo. Stroe was also the likely owner of a large collection of Transylvanian

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s sons, as they had rejected his plans for rebelling against the Ottomans with

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in 1669. Sentenced to death but then pardoned, he was forced to take orders at

381: 1235:. During the first of these terms, he and his co-regents, Radu Crețulescu and 1207: 2876: 2559: 1385: 855: 735: 643: 584: 336: 64: 2848:

Dicționar al marilor dregători din Țara Românească și Moldova. Sec. XIV–XVII

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Cristina Anton Manea, "Din nou despre Tudoran mare clucer din Aninoasa", in

1321:; in one instance in 1716, he welcomed the Habsburg armies on his estate at 778:

residence, which was located outside Sfântul Ioan-Grecesc Church, in Tabaci

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Une Famille de boyards lettrés roumains au dix-neuvième siècle. Les Golesco

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dynasty, he emerged as one of the country's most important officials under

140: 2859: 2797: 1148: 345:, he was in charge of the princely treasury, and also became a regent (or 2596:"Elitele și arhitectura rezidențială (IX). O plimbare prin Micul Trianon" 1318: 1171: 2735: 2546:

Ioana Cristache-Panait, "Arhitectura de lemn din județul Dâmbovița", in

774:, being joined there by his wife and children. The rebels ransacked his 667:: by 1646, he had constructed the Orthodox church on his wife's land in 1345: 1040:; "ironically, the first signature for the Divan was that of the great 822: 588: 543: 480:

Leurdeanu is seen by various historians as one of the most significant

400:. This moment saw the eruption of a conflict between Leurdeanu and the 377: 320: 1388:, dating back to 1647, survives outside Cuvioasa Paraschiva Church in 1279: 1184: 1081:, the letters are condemned as inauthentic. The accounts compiled by 1017: 927:'s reign sparked a latent civil war between the main branches of the 775: 742: 533: 498: 448: 417: 406: 307: 302: 180: 919:; at the time, Ghica was overseeing Wallachian participation in the 771: 556:. She may also have given birth to two of Stroe's other known sons, 1403: 1372: 1330: 1101: 1100:. Upon taking orders, he defied his peers by asking to be renamed " 967:. In late 1663, Leurdeanu and Dumitrașcu took measures to curb the 952: 911: 833: 649:

From November 11 to November 23, 1641, Stroe was Wallachia's Great

404:. In 1663, he engineered an intrigue which led to the execution of 355:, but in 1651 turned against the family, and found Stroe guilty of 347: 40: 706: 1377: 1366: 1151:

to Năsturel, who established a princely school on that location.

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17th-century military personnel of the Principality of Wallachia

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Iolanda Turcu, "Muzeografia – domeniu al științelor conexe", in

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Stoicescu, p. 205. See also Bengesco, p. 17, 19; Iliescu, p. 257

1410:, and in 1916 was the oldest book found in that city's library. 1407: 1283:

Ghenadie; Matei Golescu was last attested for having served as

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Evading his pursuers, Leurdeanu reached Ghica's exile court at

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Stroe preserved his high office following the appointment of

946:, intervened to prevent the sacking of Wallachia by its two 840:, who was emerging as a kingmaker among Wallachia's boyars. 384:. From 1660, he enjoyed the favors of Mihnea's replacement, 734:. Stroe's first diplomatic assignment was a mission to the 518:; Fiera's daughters include Stanca, who married Balica of 1786:

Cernovodeanu & Vătămanu, pp. 36–37, 44; Novac, p. 215

1020:, was sent to rule from Bucharest. Leurdeanu's tenure as 612:

after that interval. In October 1633, at the height of a

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In addition to his patronage of churches at Vieroși and

646:, ignoring a rival claim stated by the Vlădescu boyars. 598:'s reign, Stroe returned on April 27, 1629, to serve as 496:. He was born ca. 1600 as the son of Wallachia's Great 2768:, pp. 7–31. Ploiești: Prahova Museum of History, 1971. 2566:, Vol. II, pp. 221–222. Bârlad: Editura Sfera, 2009. 33:

Watercolor reproduction of Leurdeanu's votive portrait

2778:

Vasile Novac, "Goleștii în istoria Bucureștilor", in

2237:

Ionașcu, pp. 16, 27; Stoicescu, pp. 204–205, 206, 215

1271:

Leurdeanu was certainly survived by two of his sons:

531:

Leurdeanu's first assignment appears to have been as

2387:

Stoicescu, p. 205. See also Axinte Uricariul, p. 130

2369:

Axinte Uricariul, p. 130. See also Gane, pp. 367–368

1651:

Gane, pp. 239–240; Novac, p. 214; Stoicescu, p. 207

1301:; his own son, Statie, married Ilinca, daughter of 1223:from April 29 to May 5, 1674. He became regent, or 1057: 2228:Axinte Uricariul, pp. 113–118; Ionașcu, pp. 16–17 1166:. As reported in a contemporary register kept by 2874: 2766:Pagini din trecutul istoric al județului Prahova 2693:Cronica paralelă a Țării Românești și a Moldovei 2564:Studii și articole privind istoria orașului Huși 1903:Rezachevici, pp. 105–106, 108, 114, 115, 116–117 359:. He returned to high favor under a new Prince, 2378:Stoicescu, p. 205. See also Rezachevici, p. 115 1885:Stoicescu, p. 204. See also Rezachevici, p. 110 1561:Stoicescu, pp. 204, 205. See also Turcu, p. 322 854:Leurdeanu and his co-defendants being tried by 632:of the treasury, and later simply a treasurer ( 2804:București. Materiale de Istorie și Muzeografie 2780:București. Materiale de Istorie și Muzeografie 2759:Istoricul Liviu Mărghitan la a 70-a aniversare 2742:București. Materiale de Istorie și Muzeografie 2695:, Vol. II. Bucharest: Editura Minerva, 1994. 1543:, Vol. 6, Issues 3–4, March–April 1995, p. 405 2993:Prisoners and detainees of the Ottoman Empire 2481:"Nicolae Kretzulescu și moșia de la Leordeni" 2315:Rafailă, p. 151. See also Barbu, pp. 128–129 690: 2414:Axinte Uricariul, p. 134; Gane, pp. 368–369 2069:Gane, pp. 343–344; Rezachevici, pp. 112–114 1867:Rezachevici, pp. 100–104; Stoicescu, p. 206 1642:Iliescu, pp. 257–258. See also Almaș, p. 77 1396:. His copy of the Wallachian legal manual, 351:) in 1645. Matei also adopted Stroe's son, 2958:People of the Austro-Turkish War (1663–64) 2761:, pp. 256–269. Arad: Editura Ramira, 2007. 2752:Trecute vieți de doamne și domnițe. Vol. I 2622:, Vol. VI, Issue 12, December 1939, p. 649 1930:Rezachevici, pp. 106–107. See also Barbu, 305:statesman and political intriguer, son of 27: 2834:Editura Universității Alexandru Ioan Cuza 2824:, Vol. XV, Issues 3–4, 2004, pp. 101–138. 2790:Contribuții la istoria culturii românești 2107: 2105: 1329:; meanwhile, Stroe's eponymous estate of 396:appointed Leurdeanu as regent during the 2342:Stoicescu, p. 205. See also Gane, p. 348 2086: 2084: 1206: 939:, but had most likely died before 1663. 832:to August 30, 1659. Again dispatched to 616:, he is cited as fighting alongside the 2923:Leaders of political parties in Romania 2525:Soare & Drăgan Popescu, pp. 468–469 915:, in 1663 and 1664—initially alongside 760:This ascendancy was interrupted by the 2875: 2102: 1795:Cernovodeanu & Vătămanu, pp. 36–37 1309:, would play an important part in the 420:, Leurdeanu was brought to justice by 3003:Romanian prisoners sentenced to death 2978:Politicians convicted of embezzlement 2550:, Vols. LXII–LXIII, 1993–1994, p. 134 2120:Barbu, p. 124. See also Ionașcu, p. 9 2081: 1425:in Bucharest. In 1939, travel writer 809:Once Șerban toppled the rebel leader 624:straddled the rules of Alexandru IV, 602:. One record also cites him as Great 2811:Studii și Materiale de Istorie Medie 2792:. Bucharest: Editura Minerva, 1971. 2659:, "Dinicu Golescu în vremea sa", in 1348:. Golești church preserved two silk 1044:Stroe Leurdeanu, the main culprit." 738:, obtaining Șerban's recognition by 583:, she was more distantly related to 2998:Romanian people convicted of murder 784:. The attack probably involved the 13: 2893:Regents and governors of Wallachia 2507:Soare & Drăgan Popescu, p. 468 1570:Bengesco, p. 19; Stoicescu, p. 205 1219:from February 28 to March 28, and 890: 862:Ștefan also present (1868 drawing) 14: 3034: 2868:, Vol. XXXIII, 2005, pp. 311–333. 2616:, "Cronici. Pe Argeș în sus", in 1354:National Museum of Art of Romania 1211:Golescu arms, as recorded in 1918 745:. The delegation, also including 594:An untitled boyar during most of 432:. Befriending Ghica's successor, 370:Chased out of the country by the 301:(ca. 1600 – 1678 or 1679), was a 2928:History of Wallachia (1512–1714) 2754:. Bucharest: Luceafărul S. A., . 2730:. Paris: Librairie Plon, 1921. 2625: 2607: 2585: 2576: 2553: 2540: 2528: 2519: 2510: 2501: 2492: 2471: 2462: 2453: 2444: 2435: 2426: 2417: 2408: 2399: 2390: 2381: 2372: 2363: 2354: 1449:Novac, p. 214; Stoicescu, p. 204 1120:, as hostages, on September 29. 1058:Second disgrace and final return 867: 847: 272: 2983:Romanian white-collar criminals 2345: 2336: 2327: 2318: 2309: 2300: 2291: 2282: 2267: 2258: 2249: 2240: 2231: 2222: 2213: 2204: 2195: 2186: 2177: 2168: 2159: 2150: 2141: 2132: 2123: 2114: 2093: 2072: 2063: 2054: 2045: 2036: 2027: 2018: 2009: 2000: 1991: 1982: 1973: 1964: 1955: 1946: 1937: 1924: 1915: 1906: 1897: 1888: 1879: 1870: 1861: 1852: 1843: 1834: 1825: 1816: 1807: 1798: 1789: 1780: 1771: 1762: 1753: 1744: 1735: 1726: 1717: 1708: 1699: 1690: 1681: 1672: 1663: 1654: 1645: 1636: 1627: 1618: 1609: 1600: 1591: 1582: 1573: 1564: 1555: 1546: 1533: 1524: 1421:, commissioned in 1909 for the 436:, he was kept by the latter as 314:. He began his career with the 3008:Recipients of Romanian pardons 2647:, "Neamul Goleștilor (I)", in 2306:Axinte Uricariul, pp. 122, 125 1515: 1506: 1497: 1488: 1479: 1470: 1461: 1452: 1443: 1104:". Eventually taking the name 899:as Prince, being confirmed as 198:3. Elina of Prooroci (d. 1655) 16:Caimacam (Regent of Wallachia) 1: 2988:Romanian people taken hostage 2866:Sargetia. Acta Mvsei Devensis 2813:, Vol. XIV, 1996, pp. 85–117. 2806:, Vol. XXX, 2016, pp. 150–68. 2782:, Vol. IX, 1972, pp. 213–222. 2775:, Vol. II, 1969, pp. 211–218. 2773:Argesis. Studii și Comunicări 2637: 2548:Revista Monumentelor Istorice 1062:The arrival on the throne of 828:Leurdeanu served as Mihnea's 570:Craiovești-Brâncoveanu family 486:early modern Romanian history 328:. Related by marriage to the 179:Sfântul Ioan-Grecesc Church, 132:May 11, 1675 – September 1677 3018:17th-century Christian monks 2441:Stoicescu, pp. 186, 205, 207 2138:Panaitescu, pp. 448–449, 463 1934:; Gane, pp. 330–332, 342–344 1912:Barbu, p. 111; Ionașcu, p. 8 1467:Stoicescu, pp. 181, 204, 206 959:, and two prominent Greeks, 813:, Leurdeanu could return as 768:Principality of Transylvania 506:, and as such a relative of 470: 7: 2744:, Vol. XI, 1992, pp. 26–45. 2685:, Vol. XX, 2008, pp. 11–21. 2459:Stoicescu, pp. 207, 243–244 1247:. For a while in 1677, the 1028:. As such, he attended the 522:, and an anonymous wife of 463:, together with his nephew 10: 3039: 2619:Revista Fundațiilor Regale 1243:, and were governing from 549:Wallachian military forces 541:; he is next mentioned as 537:from June 15, 1625, under 430:Polish–Ottoman War of 1672 326:Polish–Ottoman War of 1633 316:Wallachian military forces 2709:, pp. 97–148. Bucharest: 1997:Rezachevici, pp. 106, 108 1961:Rezachevici, pp. 108, 111 1263: 1145:Dositheos II of Jerusalem 1051:Letopisețul Cantacuzinesc 691:First disgrace and return 324:and seeing action in the 268: 258: 250: 240: 230: 202: 187: 174: 166: 158: 154: 146: 136: 128: 120: 112: 104: 96: 86: 78: 70: 60: 52: 38: 26: 21: 2938:17th-century politicians 2667:, pp. V–LXI. Bucharest: 2534:Mavrodin & Popescu, 2396:Axinte Uricariul, p. 130 2360:Axinte Uricariul, p. 129 2279:, Issue 13/1916, pp. 4–5 2147:Axinte Uricariul, p. 113 1876:Rezachevici, pp. 103–104 1437: 838:Constantin I Cantacuzino 488:, when Wallachia was an 411:Constantin I Cantacuzino 3013:Romanian Orthodox monks 2948:Wallachian slave owners 2908:Postelnici of Wallachia 2903:Logothetes of Wallachia 2516:Turcu, pp. 322–325, 330 2423:Stoicescu, pp. 205, 206 1759:Axinte Uricariul, p. 56 1741:Stoicescu, pp. 204, 206 1714:Stoicescu, pp. 206, 207 1633:Stoicescu, pp. 204, 205 1597:Stoicescu, pp. 204, 206 1552:Stoicescu, pp. 204, 205 1503:Stoicescu, pp. 204, 206 1458:Stoicescu, pp. 204, 206 1034:Wallachian Metropolitan 1016:and another Greek man, 923:. From September 1660, 860:Wallachian Metropolitan 714:in one single strike. 475: 2933:17th-century diplomats 2913:Spatharii of Wallachia 2653:, May 1971, pp. 74–81. 2264:Anton Manea, pp. 18–19 2210:Stoicescu, pp. 204–205 1952:Gane, pp. 331–332, 333 1307:Radu Leurdeanu Golescu 1299:Constantin Brâncoveanu 1212: 1168:Berislăvești Monastery 917:Dumitrașcu Cantacuzino 671:; he also refurbished 461:Constantin Brâncoveanu 2918:Stolnici of Wallachia 2852:Editura enciclopedică 2832:, pp. 467–474. Iași: 1210: 1195:In December 1673, as 683:, and his secretary, 1943:Rafailă, pp. 150–151 1687:Rizescu, pp. 135–136 1669:Rizescu, pp. 134–136 1311:Pruth River Campaign 1118:Transylvanian Prince 1030:estates of the realm 751:Dervish Mehmed Pasha 747:Drăghici Cantacuzino 717:According to writer 681:Patriarch of Antioch 2883:17th-century births 2582:Bengesco, pp. 15–16 2255:Rezachevici, p. 114 2024:Rezachevici, p. 112 1413:As noted by author 1402:, was preserved in 1315:Turkish War of 1716 1129:southern Bessarabia 363:, who made him his 236:Leurdeanu (Golescu) 46:Regent of Wallachia 2973:Exiled politicians 2594:Narcis Dorin Ion, 2297:Ionașcu, pp. 16–17 2174:Barbu, pp. 125–128 2078:Panaitescu, p. 448 1840:Rezachevici, p. 99 1732:Barbu, pp. 105–106 1696:Novac, pp. 214–215 1588:Anton Manea, p. 18 1423:Cantacuzino Palace 1335:Nicolae Crețulescu 1233:Right-bank Ukraine 1213: 1190:Polish–Ottoman War 937:Șerban Cantacuzino 929:Cantacuzino family 921:Austro–Turkish War 882:the princely court 811:Hrizea of Bogdănei 803:Slavery in Romania 614:Polish–Ottoman War 596:Alexandru IV Iliaș 579:Fota and niece of 554:Istratie Leurdeanu 490:autonomous subject 402:Cantacuzino family 398:Austro–Turkish War 388:, who kept him as 353:Istratie Leurdeanu 224:Ghenadie Leurdeanu 222:Stroe II Leurdeanu 209:Istratie Leurdeanu 3023:Romanian escapees 2963:Romanian refugees 2842:978-973-703-952-1 2719:978-973-27-2507-8 2711:Editura Academiei 2657:Mircea Anghelescu 2572:978-606-8056-53-1 2432:Stoicescu, p. 205 2333:Stoicescu, p. 205 2324:Gane, pp. 346–348 2276:Universul Literar 2183:Ionașcu, pp. 9–10 2099:Stoicescu, p. 186 2042:Stoicescu, p. 204 2033:Stoicescu, p. 204 2015:Stoicescu, p. 137 1858:Stoicescu, p. 204 1849:Stoicescu, p. 204 1831:Stoicescu, p. 204 1822:Stoicescu, p. 186 1813:Stoicescu, p. 204 1768:Stoicescu, p. 204 1750:Stoicescu, p. 204 1723:Stoicescu, p. 207 1660:Stoicescu, p. 207 1615:Stoicescu, p. 205 1606:Stoicescu, p. 206 1579:Stoicescu, p. 204 1512:Stoicescu, p. 206 1494:Stoicescu, p. 203 1485:Stoicescu, p. 204 1476:Stoicescu, p. 203 1415:Gheorghe Bengescu 1399:Îndreptarea legii 1078:Cronica Bălenilor 961:Balasache Muselim 673:Vieroși Monastery 581:Preda Brâncoveanu 572:—daughter of the 539:Alexandru Coconul 528:Dumitru Dudescu. 512:Michael the Brave 508:Constantin Șerban 446:, and occasional 361:Constantin Șerban 287:Stroe (sin) Fiera 280: 279: 226:Axinia Leurdeanca 216:Nedelco Leurdeanu 212:Elina Cantacuzino 3030: 2822:Revista Istorică 2786:P. P. Panaitescu 2724:Georges Bengesco 2689:Axinte Uricariul 2632: 2629: 2623: 2611: 2605: 2604:, March 16, 2010 2601:Ziarul Financiar 2593: 2589: 2583: 2580: 2574: 2557: 2551: 2544: 2538: 2532: 2526: 2523: 2517: 2514: 2508: 2505: 2499: 2496: 2490: 2479: 2475: 2469: 2466: 2460: 2457: 2451: 2448: 2442: 2439: 2433: 2430: 2424: 2421: 2415: 2412: 2406: 2403: 2397: 2394: 2388: 2385: 2379: 2376: 2370: 2367: 2361: 2358: 2352: 2349: 2343: 2340: 2334: 2331: 2325: 2322: 2316: 2313: 2307: 2304: 2298: 2295: 2289: 2286: 2280: 2271: 2265: 2262: 2256: 2253: 2247: 2244: 2238: 2235: 2229: 2226: 2220: 2217: 2211: 2208: 2202: 2199: 2193: 2190: 2184: 2181: 2175: 2172: 2166: 2163: 2157: 2154: 2148: 2145: 2139: 2136: 2130: 2127: 2121: 2118: 2112: 2109: 2100: 2097: 2091: 2088: 2079: 2076: 2070: 2067: 2061: 2058: 2052: 2049: 2043: 2040: 2034: 2031: 2025: 2022: 2016: 2013: 2007: 2004: 1998: 1995: 1989: 1986: 1980: 1979:Gane, p. 332–333 1977: 1971: 1968: 1962: 1959: 1953: 1950: 1944: 1941: 1935: 1928: 1922: 1919: 1913: 1910: 1904: 1901: 1895: 1892: 1886: 1883: 1877: 1874: 1868: 1865: 1859: 1856: 1850: 1847: 1841: 1838: 1832: 1829: 1823: 1820: 1814: 1811: 1805: 1802: 1796: 1793: 1787: 1784: 1778: 1775: 1769: 1766: 1760: 1757: 1751: 1748: 1742: 1739: 1733: 1730: 1724: 1721: 1715: 1712: 1706: 1703: 1697: 1694: 1688: 1685: 1679: 1676: 1670: 1667: 1661: 1658: 1652: 1649: 1643: 1640: 1634: 1631: 1625: 1622: 1616: 1613: 1607: 1604: 1598: 1595: 1589: 1586: 1580: 1577: 1571: 1568: 1562: 1559: 1553: 1550: 1544: 1541:Revista Istorică 1537: 1531: 1528: 1522: 1519: 1513: 1510: 1504: 1501: 1495: 1492: 1486: 1483: 1477: 1474: 1468: 1465: 1459: 1456: 1450: 1447: 1394:Dâmbovița County 1370:, and donning a 1364:, including the 1098:Snagov Monastery 1083:Axinte Uricariul 1011: 1003: 981: 973: 965:Nicula Sofialiul 933:Gheorghe Băleanu 871: 851: 790: 723:Nicolae Pătrașcu 620:. His tenure as 516:titular boyardom 426:Snagov Monastery 416:Sidelined under 291:Stroie Leurdeanu 285:, also known as 276: 218:Costea Leurdeanu 214:Necula Leurdeanu 196:2. Vișa Goleasca 31: 19: 18: 3038: 3037: 3033: 3032: 3031: 3029: 3028: 3027: 2968:Romanian exiles 2873: 2872: 2871: 2816:Oana Rizescu, " 2748:Constantin Gane 2683:Muzeul Național 2669:Editura Minerva 2650:Magazin Istoric 2640: 2635: 2630: 2626: 2612: 2608: 2591: 2590: 2586: 2581: 2577: 2558: 2554: 2545: 2541: 2533: 2529: 2524: 2520: 2515: 2511: 2506: 2502: 2497: 2493: 2486:Jurnal de Argeș 2477: 2476: 2472: 2467: 2463: 2458: 2454: 2449: 2445: 2440: 2436: 2431: 2427: 2422: 2418: 2413: 2409: 2404: 2400: 2395: 2391: 2386: 2382: 2377: 2373: 2368: 2364: 2359: 2355: 2350: 2346: 2341: 2337: 2332: 2328: 2323: 2319: 2314: 2310: 2305: 2301: 2296: 2292: 2287: 2283: 2272: 2268: 2263: 2259: 2254: 2250: 2245: 2241: 2236: 2232: 2227: 2223: 2218: 2214: 2209: 2205: 2200: 2196: 2191: 2187: 2182: 2178: 2173: 2169: 2164: 2160: 2155: 2151: 2146: 2142: 2137: 2133: 2128: 2124: 2119: 2115: 2110: 2103: 2098: 2094: 2089: 2082: 2077: 2073: 2068: 2064: 2059: 2055: 2050: 2046: 2041: 2037: 2032: 2028: 2023: 2019: 2014: 2010: 2005: 2001: 1996: 1992: 1987: 1983: 1978: 1974: 1969: 1965: 1960: 1956: 1951: 1947: 1942: 1938: 1929: 1925: 1920: 1916: 1911: 1907: 1902: 1898: 1893: 1889: 1884: 1880: 1875: 1871: 1866: 1862: 1857: 1853: 1848: 1844: 1839: 1835: 1830: 1826: 1821: 1817: 1812: 1808: 1803: 1799: 1794: 1790: 1785: 1781: 1776: 1772: 1767: 1763: 1758: 1754: 1749: 1745: 1740: 1736: 1731: 1727: 1722: 1718: 1713: 1709: 1704: 1700: 1695: 1691: 1686: 1682: 1677: 1673: 1668: 1664: 1659: 1655: 1650: 1646: 1641: 1637: 1632: 1628: 1623: 1619: 1614: 1610: 1605: 1601: 1596: 1592: 1587: 1583: 1578: 1574: 1569: 1565: 1560: 1556: 1551: 1547: 1538: 1534: 1530:Bengesco, p. 14 1529: 1525: 1520: 1516: 1511: 1507: 1502: 1498: 1493: 1489: 1484: 1480: 1475: 1471: 1466: 1462: 1457: 1453: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1419:Nicolae Vermont 1277:Stroe II and a 1266: 1253:Dâmbovița River 1241:plague outbreak 1164:Ottoman Rumelia 1060: 1009: 1001: 993:, during which 979: 971: 925:Grigore I Ghica 893: 891:Ghica's protege 888: 887: 886: 885: 884: 872: 864: 863: 852: 788: 772:Corona (Brașov) 719:Constantin Gane 698:Georgius Krauss 693: 640:Slănicul de Jos 478: 473: 394:Grigore I Ghica 295:Stroe Leordeanu 283:Stroe Leurdeanu 225: 223: 221: 219: 217: 215: 213: 211: 197: 195: 183: 124:Grigore I Ghica 116:Grigore I Ghica 100:Grigore I Ghica 91:Grigore I Ghica 34: 22:Stroe Leurdeanu 17: 12: 11: 5: 3036: 3026: 3025: 3020: 3015: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2995: 2990: 2985: 2980: 2975: 2970: 2965: 2960: 2955: 2950: 2945: 2943:Golescu family 2940: 2935: 2930: 2925: 2920: 2915: 2910: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2870: 2869: 2862: 2846:N. Stoicescu, 2844: 2825: 2818:Cessio Bonorum 2814: 2807: 2800: 2783: 2776: 2769: 2762: 2755: 2745: 2738: 2721: 2703: 2686: 2679: 2661:Dinicu Golescu 2654: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2634: 2633: 2624: 2614:Emanoil Bucuța 2606: 2584: 2575: 2552: 2539: 2527: 2518: 2509: 2500: 2491: 2489:, May 28, 2014 2470: 2461: 2452: 2443: 2434: 2425: 2416: 2407: 2398: 2389: 2380: 2371: 2362: 2353: 2344: 2335: 2326: 2317: 2308: 2299: 2290: 2281: 2266: 2257: 2248: 2246:Ionașcu, p. 27 2239: 2230: 2221: 2219:Ionașcu, p. 16 2212: 2203: 2194: 2185: 2176: 2167: 2158: 2149: 2140: 2131: 2122: 2113: 2101: 2092: 2080: 2071: 2062: 2053: 2044: 2035: 2026: 2017: 2008: 1999: 1990: 1981: 1972: 1963: 1954: 1945: 1936: 1923: 1914: 1905: 1896: 1887: 1878: 1869: 1860: 1851: 1842: 1833: 1824: 1815: 1806: 1797: 1788: 1779: 1770: 1761: 1752: 1743: 1734: 1725: 1716: 1707: 1698: 1689: 1680: 1671: 1662: 1653: 1644: 1635: 1626: 1617: 1608: 1599: 1590: 1581: 1572: 1563: 1554: 1545: 1532: 1523: 1514: 1505: 1496: 1487: 1478: 1469: 1460: 1451: 1441: 1439: 1436: 1427:Emanoil Bucuța 1362:Polish clothes 1265: 1262: 1229:Cossack Hetman 1202:ordeal by fire 1178:and historian 1069:vasul dracului 1059: 1056: 957:Staico Bucșanu 892: 889: 874:Map of Tabaci 873: 866: 865: 853: 846: 845: 844: 843: 842: 692: 689: 685:Paul of Aleppo 504:Fiera Leudeanu 494:Ottoman Empire 477: 474: 472: 469: 382:Ottoman Empire 312:Fiera Leudeanu 278: 277: 270: 266: 265: 260: 256: 255: 252: 248: 247: 245:Fiera Leudeanu 242: 238: 237: 234: 228: 227: 206: 200: 199: 189: 185: 184: 178: 176: 172: 171: 168: 164: 163: 160: 156: 155: 152: 151: 148: 144: 143: 138: 134: 133: 130: 126: 125: 122: 118: 117: 114: 110: 109: 106: 102: 101: 98: 94: 93: 88: 84: 83: 80: 76: 75: 72: 68: 67: 62: 58: 57: 54: 50: 49: 36: 35: 32: 24: 23: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3035: 3024: 3021: 3019: 3016: 3014: 3011: 3009: 3006: 3004: 3001: 2999: 2996: 2994: 2991: 2989: 2986: 2984: 2981: 2979: 2976: 2974: 2971: 2969: 2966: 2964: 2961: 2959: 2956: 2954: 2951: 2949: 2946: 2944: 2941: 2939: 2936: 2934: 2931: 2929: 2926: 2924: 2921: 2919: 2916: 2914: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2899: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2880: 2878: 2867: 2863: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2850:. Bucharest: 2849: 2845: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2826: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2812: 2808: 2805: 2801: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2784: 2781: 2777: 2774: 2770: 2767: 2763: 2760: 2756: 2753: 2749: 2746: 2743: 2739: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2722: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2702: 2701:973-21-0374-4 2698: 2694: 2690: 2687: 2684: 2680: 2678: 2677:973-21-0144-X 2674: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2655: 2652: 2651: 2646: 2645:Dumitru Almaș 2643: 2642: 2628: 2621: 2620: 2615: 2610: 2603: 2602: 2597: 2592:(in Romanian) 2588: 2579: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2560:Nicolae Iorga 2556: 2549: 2543: 2537: 2531: 2522: 2513: 2504: 2495: 2488: 2487: 2482: 2478:(in Romanian) 2474: 2465: 2456: 2447: 2438: 2429: 2420: 2411: 2405:Novac, p. 214 2402: 2393: 2384: 2375: 2366: 2357: 2348: 2339: 2330: 2321: 2312: 2303: 2294: 2285: 2278: 2277: 2270: 2261: 2252: 2243: 2234: 2225: 2216: 2207: 2198: 2189: 2180: 2171: 2162: 2153: 2144: 2135: 2129:Barbu, p. 125 2126: 2117: 2108: 2106: 2096: 2090:Ionașcu, p. 9 2087: 2085: 2075: 2066: 2057: 2051:Barbu, p. 121 2048: 2039: 2030: 2021: 2012: 2003: 1994: 1985: 1976: 1967: 1958: 1949: 1940: 1933: 1927: 1918: 1909: 1900: 1891: 1882: 1873: 1864: 1855: 1846: 1837: 1828: 1819: 1810: 1804:Novac, p. 215 1801: 1792: 1783: 1777:Novac, p. 215 1774: 1765: 1756: 1747: 1738: 1729: 1720: 1711: 1702: 1693: 1684: 1675: 1666: 1657: 1648: 1639: 1630: 1621: 1612: 1603: 1594: 1585: 1576: 1567: 1558: 1549: 1542: 1536: 1527: 1518: 1509: 1500: 1491: 1482: 1473: 1464: 1455: 1446: 1442: 1435: 1432: 1431:Dumitru Almaș 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1411: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1400: 1395: 1391: 1390:Valea Caselor 1387: 1386:wayside cross 1383: 1379: 1375: 1374: 1369: 1368: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1338: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1287: 1282: 1281: 1276: 1275: 1270: 1261: 1259: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1209: 1205: 1203: 1198: 1193: 1191: 1187: 1186: 1181: 1180:Constantin II 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1152: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1121: 1119: 1115: 1114:Michael Apafi 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1094: 1092: 1086: 1084: 1080: 1079: 1074: 1070: 1065: 1055: 1053: 1052: 1045: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1013: 1008: 1000: 996: 995:Mareș Băjescu 992: 987: 985: 978: 970: 966: 962: 958: 955: 954: 949: 945: 940: 938: 934: 930: 926: 922: 918: 914: 913: 908: 907: 902: 898: 883: 879: 878: 870: 861: 857: 856:Matei Basarab 850: 841: 839: 835: 831: 826: 824: 820: 816: 812: 807: 805: 804: 798: 794: 787: 783: 782: 777: 773: 769: 765: 764: 758: 756: 752: 748: 744: 741: 737: 736:Sublime Porte 733: 729: 724: 720: 715: 713: 709: 708: 703: 699: 688: 686: 682: 678: 677:Macarios Zaim 674: 670: 666: 665: 660: 659:în priumblare 656: 652: 647: 645: 644:Muscel County 641: 637: 636: 631: 627: 623: 619: 615: 611: 607: 606: 601: 597: 592: 590: 586: 585:Matei Basarab 582: 578: 575: 571: 567: 566: 561: 560: 555: 550: 546: 545: 540: 536: 535: 529: 527: 526: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 500: 495: 491: 487: 483: 468: 466: 462: 457: 455: 454:Constantin II 451: 450: 445: 444: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 414: 412: 409: 408: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 374: 368: 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 349: 344: 343: 338: 337:Matei Basarab 335: 331: 327: 323: 322: 318:, serving as 317: 313: 310: 309: 304: 300: 299:Stroe Golescu 296: 292: 288: 284: 275: 271: 267: 264: 261: 257: 253: 249: 246: 243: 239: 235: 233: 229: 220:Matei Golescu 210: 207: 205: 201: 194: 193:Unknown woman 190: 186: 182: 177: 173: 169: 165: 161: 157: 153: 149: 145: 142: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 115: 111: 107: 103: 99: 95: 92: 89: 85: 81: 77: 74:Matei Basarab 73: 69: 66: 65:Matei Basarab 63: 59: 55: 51: 47: 43: 42: 37: 30: 25: 20: 2888:1670s deaths 2865: 2847: 2829: 2821: 2817: 2810: 2803: 2789: 2779: 2772: 2765: 2758: 2751: 2741: 2727: 2706: 2692: 2682: 2664: 2648: 2631:Almaș, p. 77 2627: 2617: 2609: 2599: 2587: 2578: 2563: 2555: 2547: 2542: 2535: 2530: 2521: 2512: 2503: 2494: 2484: 2473: 2464: 2455: 2446: 2437: 2428: 2419: 2410: 2401: 2392: 2383: 2374: 2365: 2356: 2351:Gane, p. 367 2347: 2338: 2329: 2320: 2311: 2302: 2293: 2284: 2274: 2269: 2260: 2251: 2242: 2233: 2224: 2215: 2206: 2197: 2188: 2179: 2170: 2161: 2152: 2143: 2134: 2125: 2116: 2111:Almaș, p. 78 2095: 2074: 2065: 2060:Gane, p. 343 2056: 2047: 2038: 2029: 2020: 2011: 2006:Gane, p. 333 2002: 1993: 1984: 1975: 1970:Gane, p. 333 1966: 1957: 1948: 1939: 1931: 1926: 1921:Gane, p. 331 1917: 1908: 1899: 1890: 1881: 1872: 1863: 1854: 1845: 1836: 1827: 1818: 1809: 1800: 1791: 1782: 1773: 1764: 1755: 1746: 1737: 1728: 1719: 1710: 1705:Gane, p. 240 1701: 1692: 1683: 1674: 1665: 1656: 1647: 1638: 1629: 1620: 1611: 1602: 1593: 1584: 1575: 1566: 1557: 1548: 1540: 1535: 1526: 1517: 1508: 1499: 1490: 1481: 1472: 1463: 1454: 1445: 1412: 1397: 1371: 1365: 1339: 1327:Radu Golescu 1302: 1294: 1290: 1284: 1278: 1272: 1268: 1267: 1257: 1248: 1236: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1214: 1197:George Ducas 1194: 1183: 1175: 1153: 1140: 1132: 1125:Budjak Horde 1122: 1110:Hermannstadt 1105: 1095: 1087: 1076: 1068: 1064:Antonie Vodă 1061: 1049: 1046: 1041: 1025: 1021: 1014: 1006: 998: 988: 976: 968: 951: 947: 943: 941: 910: 904: 900: 897:George Ghica 894: 875: 829: 827: 818: 814: 808: 800: 791:s eponymous 785: 779: 761: 759: 731: 727: 716: 705: 702:embezzlement 694: 662: 658: 654: 650: 648: 633: 629: 621: 618:Ottoman Army 609: 603: 599: 593: 576: 563: 562:Nedelco and 557: 542: 532: 530: 523: 497: 479: 465:Radu Golescu 458: 447: 441: 437: 434:George Ducas 422:Antonie Vodă 415: 405: 389: 386:George Ghica 371: 369: 364: 357:embezzlement 346: 340: 319: 306: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 281: 192: 170:1678 or 1679 150:George Ducas 141:George Ducas 39: 1384:). Stroe's 1319:Phanariotes 1172:Ocnele Mari 1091:blood money 1038:Boyar Divan 137:Predecessor 113:Predecessor 87:Predecessor 61:Predecessor 56:August 1645 2898:Treasurers 2877:Categories 2638:References 1382:Ștefănești 1346:CEC Palace 1215:Stroe was 1160:Adrianople 823:Mihnea III 819:Spatharios 626:Leon Tomșa 544:Spatharios 378:Mihnea III 330:Craiovești 321:Spatharios 303:Wallachian 108:1672, 1673 82:1663, 1664 2860:822954574 2854:, 1971. 2836:, 2013. 2798:432822509 2713:, 2015. 2671:, 1990. 1280:Hieromonk 1258:Caimacami 1245:Fântânele 1225:Ispravnic 1217:Logothete 1185:Ispravnic 1149:Câmpulung 1133:Logothete 1106:Silvestru 1073:New Style 1018:Radu Leon 1007:Postelnic 999:Postelnic 997:took the 986:support. 977:Postelnic 969:Postelnic 948:Caimacami 944:Postelnic 901:Logothete 830:Logothete 815:Logothete 776:Bucharest 743:Mehmed IV 732:Postelnic 728:Logothete 655:Logothete 630:Logothete 622:Logothete 610:Logothete 600:Logothete 577:Postelnic 534:Postelnic 499:Logothete 471:Biography 449:Ispravnic 438:Logothete 418:Radu Leon 407:Postelnic 390:Logothete 365:Logothete 308:Logothete 269:Signature 181:Bucharest 147:Successor 121:Successor 97:Successor 71:Successor 1404:Moldavia 1373:chupryna 1331:Leordeni 1313:and the 1295:Caimacam 984:Habsburg 953:Paharnic 912:Caimacam 834:Istanbul 348:Caimacam 263:Orthodox 259:Religion 162:ca. 1600 41:Caimacam 2736:4525010 2665:Scrieri 1378:tinware 1367:kontusz 1358:Ottoman 1342:Golești 1323:Vieroși 1303:Stolnic 1237:Vistier 1176:Stolnic 1137:Fogaras 1102:Mohamet 991:Craiova 858:, with 797:Gypsies 793:tanners 763:Seimeni 669:Golești 651:Stolnic 635:Vistier 605:Stolnic 547:of the 520:Breasta 492:of the 373:Seimeni 342:Vistier 254:Tudora? 2858: 2840: 2796: 2734: 2717: 2699: 2675: 2570: 2536:passim 1932:passim 1350:stoles 1297:under 1269:Vornic 1264:Legacy 1249:Vornic 1221:Vornic 1141:Clucer 1116:, the 1042:Vornic 1026:Vornic 1022:Vornic 906:Vornic 877:mahala 786:mahala 781:mahala 755:vizier 753:, the 740:Sultan 712:thaler 679:, the 664:ktitor 565:Clucer 559:Sluger 525:Vornic 482:boyars 443:Vornic 334:Prince 251:Mother 241:Father 188:Spouse 175:Burial 2598:, in 2483:, in 1438:Notes 1406:, at 1291:Pitar 1286:Comis 1274:Pitar 1162:, in 1156:Vidin 1010:' 1002:' 980:' 972:' 789:' 770:, at 707:haraç 589:Criva 574:Greek 339:: as 297:, or 232:House 204:Issue 129:Reign 105:Reign 79:Reign 53:Reign 2856:OCLC 2838:ISBN 2794:OCLC 2732:OCLC 2715:ISBN 2697:ISBN 2673:ISBN 2568:ISBN 1408:Huși 1360:and 963:and 801:see 476:Rise 167:Died 159:Born 1231:in 1158:or 1127:of 806:). 799:" ( 642:in 484:in 456:. 191:1. 2879:: 2788:, 2750:, 2726:, 2691:, 2663:, 2104:^ 2083:^ 1392:, 1337:. 1192:. 687:. 502:, 440:, 413:. 392:. 367:. 293:, 289:, 48:) 44:(

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