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services in one central location without having to travel to multiple locations, helped to keep shopping centers a component of these newly designed suburbs which were booming in population. The television helped contribute to the rise of shopping centers by allowing for additional advertisement through the medium in addition to creating a desire among consumers to buy products that are shown being used in suburban life on various television programs. Another factor that led to the rise of these shopping centers was the building of many highways. The
Highway Act of 1956 helped to fund the building of 64,000 kilometers across the nation by having 26 billion dollars on hand, which helped to link many more to these shopping centers with ease. These newly built shopping centers, which were often large buildings full of multiple stores, and services, were being used for more than shopping, but as a place of leisure and a meeting point for those who lived within suburban America at this time. These centers thrived offering goods and services to the growing populations in suburban America. In 1957, 940 shopping centers were built and this number more than doubled by 1960 to keep up with the demand of these densely populated areas.
516:, which focuses on the origins, growth, diverse typologies, culture, and politics of suburbs, as well as on the gendered and family-oriented nature of suburban space. Many people have assumed that early-20th-century suburbs were enclaves for middle-class whites, a concept that carries tremendous cultural influence yet is actually stereotypical. Some suburbs are based on a society of working-class and minority residents, many of whom want to own their own house. Meanwhile, other suburbs instituted "explicitly racist" policies to deter people deemed as "other", a practice most common in the United States in contrast to other countries around the world. Mary Corbin Sies argues that it is necessary to examine how "suburb" is defined as well as the distinction made between cities and suburbs, geography, economic circumstances, and the interaction of numerous factors that move research beyond acceptance of stereotyping and its influence on scholarly assumptions.
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956:, except for emergency quarters near war industries. Overcrowded and inadequate apartments was the common condition. Some suburbs had developed around large cities where there was rail transportation to the jobs downtown. However, the real growth in suburbia depended on the availability of automobiles, highways, and inexpensive housing. The population had grown, and the stock of family savings had accumulated the money for down payments, automobiles and appliances. The product was a great housing boom. Whereas an average of 316,000 new non-farm housing units were constructed from the 1930s through 1945, there were 1,450,000 constructed annually from 1946 through 1955. The
694:. This promoted the land served by the Met for the walker, visitor and later the house-hunter. Published annually until 1932 (the last full year of independence for the Met), the guide extolled the benefits of "The good air of the Chilterns", using language such as "Each lover of Metroland may well have his own favorite wood beech and coppice — all tremulous green loveliness in Spring and russet and gold in October". The dream as promoted involved a modern home in beautiful countryside with a fast railway-service to central London. By 1915 people from across London had flocked to live the new suburban dream in large newly built areas across north-west London.
1334:– it has annexed most of its surrounding towns and large amounts of undeveloped land around the city. As a result, most of the communities that Calgarians refer to as "suburbs" are actually inside the city limits. In the 2016 census, the City of Calgary had a population of 1,239,220, whereas the Calgary Metropolitan Area had a population of 1,392,609, indicating the vast majority of people in the Calgary CMA lived within the city limits. The perceived low population density of Calgary largely results from its many internal suburbs and the large amount of undeveloped land within the city. The city actually has a policy of densifying its new developments.
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stoves allowed for mass production of kitchen furnishings. Developers purchased empty land just outside the city, installed tract houses based on a handful of designs, and provided streets and utilities, while local public officials raced to build schools. The most famous development was
Levittown, in Long Island just east of New York City. It offered a new house for $ 1000 down and $ 70 a month; it featured three bedrooms, a fireplace, a gas range and gas furnace, and a landscaped lot of 75 by 100 feet, all for a total price of $ 10,000. Veterans could get one with a much lower down payment.
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2262:, no matter how short or long the distance is. This is compounded by the hierarchy of streets, where entire neighborhoods and subdivisions are dependent on one or two collector roads. Because all traffic is forced onto these roads, they are often heavy with traffic all day. If a traffic crash occurs on a collector road, or if road construction inhibits the flow, then the entire road system may be rendered useless until the blockage is cleared. The traditional "grown" grid, in turn, allows for a larger number of choices and alternate routes.
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1765:, new suburbs were designed around car transport instead of pedestrians. Over time, many suburban areas, especially those not within the political boundaries of the city containing the central business area, began to see independence from the central city as an asset. In some cases, suburbanites saw self-government as a means to keep out people who could not afford the added suburban property maintenance costs not needed in city living. Federal
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1385:(keeping the unwelcome poorest classes together with the criminals, in this way better controlled, comfortably remote from the elegant "official" town). On the other hand, the expected huge expansion of the town soon effectively covered the distance from the central town, and now those suburbs are completely engulfed by the main territory of the town. Other newer suburbs (called
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4215:. Published 2002. Page 142. "Perhaps suburbanization was a 'natural' phenomenon—rising incomes allowing formerly huddled masses in city neighborhoods to breathe free on green lawn and leafy culs-de-sac. But, we will never know how natural it was, because of the massive federal subsidy that eased and accelerated it, in the form of tax, transportation and housing policies."
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residence in
Chicago is usually 125 feet (38 m) deep, while the width can vary from 14 feet (4.3 m) wide for a row house to 45 feet (14 m) wide for a large stand–alone house. In the suburbs, where stand–alone houses are the rule, lots may be 85 feet (26 m) wide by 115 feet (35 m) deep, as in the Chicago suburb of
1988:) are experiencing a renewal, with large population growth, residential apartment construction, and increased social, cultural, and infrastructural investments, as have suburban neighborhoods close to city centers. Better public transit, proximity to work and cultural attractions, and frustration with suburban life and
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Economic growth in the United States encouraged the suburbanization of
American cities that required massive investments for the new infrastructure and homes. Consumer patterns were also shifting at this time, as purchasing power was becoming stronger and more accessible to a wider range of families.
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developed as a major prototype of mass-produced housing. Due to the influx of people in these suburban areas, the amount of shopping centers began to increase as suburban
America took shape. These malls helped supply goods and services to the growing urban population. Shopping for different goods and
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Population and income growth in
Canadian suburbs had tended to outpace growth in core urban or rural areas, but in many areas, this trend has now reversed. The suburban population increased by 87% between 1981 and 2001, well ahead of urban growth. The majority of recent population growth in Canada's
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In the U.S., 1950 was the first year that more people lived in suburbs than elsewhere. In the U.S., the development of the skyscraper and the sharp inflation of downtown real estate prices also led to downtowns being more fully dedicated to businesses, thus pushing residents outside the city center.
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spawned the first major suburbs. The streetcar lines in Boston and the rail lines in
Manhattan made daily commutes possible. No metropolitan area in the world was as well served by railroad commuter lines at the turn of the twentieth century as New York, and it was the rail lines to Westchester from
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Due to the rapid migration of the rural poor to the industrializing cities of
England in the late 18th century, a trend in the opposite direction began to develop, whereby newly rich members of the middle classes began to purchase estates and villas on the outskirts of London. This trend accelerated
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Cleveland, Ohio, is typical of many
American central cities; its municipal borders have changed little since 1922, even though the Cleveland urbanized area has grown many times over. Several layers of suburban municipalities now surround cities like Boston, Cleveland, Chicago, Detroit, Los Angeles,
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is an example of an affluent suburb, although it is located inside the city and by no means is today a suburb in the strict sense of the word. In other countries, the situation is similar to that of Mexico, with many suburbs being built, most notably in Peru and Chile, which have experienced a boom
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was commissioned to make recommendations for the post war reconstruction and housebuilding. In part, this was a response to the shocking lack of fitness amongst many recruits during World War One, attributed to poor living conditions; a belief summed up in a housing poster of the period "you cannot
1280:(CMAs) with a population of over 100,000. However, of this metropolitan population, in 2001 nearly half lived in low-density neighborhoods, with only one in five living in a typical "urban" neighborhood. The percentage living in low-density neighborhoods varied from a high of nearly two-thirds of
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Unlike other railway companies, which were required to dispose of surplus land, London's Met was allowed to retain such land that it believed was necessary for future railway use. Initially, the surplus land was managed by the Land
Committee, and, from the 1880s, the land was developed and sold to
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In Russia, until recently, the term suburb refers to high-rise residential apartments which usually consist of two bedrooms, one bathroom, a kitchen and a living room. However, since the beginning of the 21st century in Russia there has been a "cottage boom", as a result of which a huge number of
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and numerous innovations in transport. Redlining and other discriminatory measures built into federal housing policy furthered the racial segregation of postwar America–for example, by refusing to insure mortgages in and near African-American neighborhoods. The government's efforts were primarily
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With 16 million eligible veterans, the opportunity to buy a house was suddenly at hand. In 1947 alone, 540,000 veterans bought one; their average price was $ 7300. The construction industry kept prices low by standardization—for example, standardizing sizes for kitchen cabinets, refrigerators and
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simply refers to a residential area outside the city center, regardless of administrative boundaries. Suburbs, in this sense, can range from areas that seem more like residential areas of a city proper to areas separated by open countryside from the city center. In large cities such as London and
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in from the suburbs. In the United Kingdom, as mentioned above, railways stimulated the first mass exodus to the suburbs. The Metropolitan Railway, for example, was active in building and promoting its own housing estates in the north-west of London, consisting mostly of detached houses on large
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Alongside suburbanization, many companies began locating their offices and other facilities in the outer areas of the cities, which resulted in the increased density of older suburbs and the growth of lower density suburbs even further from city centers. An alternative strategy is the deliberate
286:
Suburbs first emerged on a large scale in the 19th and 20th centuries, as a result of improved rail and road transport, which led to an increase in commuting. In general, they are less densely populated than inner city neighborhoods within the same metropolitan area, and most residents routinely
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is a syndicated comic strip written and drawn by Michael Fry and T. Lewis. It tells the story of a raccoon, turtle, a squirrel, and their friends who come to terms with their woodlands being taken over by suburbia, trying to survive the increasing flow of humanity and technology while becoming
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In Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa, suburban areas (in the wider sense noted in the lead paragraph) have become formalized as geographic subdivisions of a city and are used by postal services in addressing. In rural areas in both countries, their equivalents are called localities (see
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Zoning laws also contributed to the location of residential areas outside of the city center by creating wide areas or "zones" where only residential buildings were permitted. These suburban residences are built on larger lots of land than in the central city. For example, the lot size for a
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and south of the city in areas like Eikenhof, where the "Eye of Africa" planned community exists. This master-planned community is nearly indistinguishable from the most amenity-rich resort-style American suburbs in Florida, Arizona, and California, complete with a golf course, resort pool,
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The Report also legislated on the required, minimum standards necessary for further suburban construction; this included regulation on the maximum housing density and their arrangement, and it even made recommendations on the ideal number of bedrooms and other rooms per house. Although the
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More commonly, central cities seek ways to tax nonresidents working downtown – known as commuter taxes – as property tax bases dwindle. Taken together, these two groups of taxpayers represent a largely untapped source of potential revenue that cities may begin to target more aggressively,
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to give lower classes a destination, in consideration of the actual and foreseen massive arrival of poor people from other areas of the country. Many critics have seen in this development pattern (which was circularly distributed in every direction) also a quick solution to a problem of
1028:
Suburban houses also brought about needs for products that were not needed in urban neighborhoods, such as lawnmowers and automobiles. During this time commercial shopping malls were being developed near suburbs to satisfy consumers' needs and their car–dependent lifestyle.
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distance of a large city. Suburbs can have their own political or legal jurisdiction, especially in the United States, but this is not always the case, especially in the United Kingdom, where most suburbs are located within the administrative boundaries of cities. In most
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and condos that end abruptly into the countryside. Also new town developments are extremely common. Single family suburban homes tend to be similar to their Western equivalents; although primarily outside Beijing and Shanghai, also mimic Spanish and Italian architecture.
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went from just 1,500 to over 10,000 while Pinner jumped from 3,000 to over 20,000. During the 1930s, over 4 million new suburban houses were built, the 'suburban revolution' had made England the most heavily suburbanized country in the world, by a considerable margin.
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While suburbs are often associated with the middle classes, in many parts of the developed world, suburbs can be economically distressed areas, inhabited by higher proportions of recent immigrants, with higher delinquency rates and social problems, reminiscent of the
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are used to differentiate between the higher-density areas in proximity to the city center (which would not be referred to as 'suburbs' in most other countries), and the lower-density suburbs on the outskirts of the urban area. The term 'middle suburbs' is also used.
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is usually not available for them either. This encourages car trips even for distances as low as several hundreds of yards or meters (which may have become up to several miles or kilometers due to the road network). Improved sprawl systems, though retaining the car
1131:, many houses are American in appearance, but are smaller, and often consist of a kitchen and living room, two or three bedrooms, and a bathroom. However, there are more affluent neighborhoods, more comparable to American suburbs, particularly east of the
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In Mexico, suburbs are generally similar to their United States counterparts. Houses are made in many different architectural styles which may be of European, American and International architecture and which vary in size. Suburbs can be found in
797:(a father and son architectural partnership) in the 19th century, it was during the suburban housing boom of the interwar period that the design first proliferated as a suburban icon, being preferred by middle-class home owners to the smaller
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that were growing rapidly, and the first suburban districts sprung up around downtowns to accommodate those who wanted to escape the squalid conditions of the industrial towns. Initially, such growth came along rail lines in the form of
619:
By the mid-19th century, the first major suburban areas were springing up around London as the city (then the largest in the world) became more overcrowded and unsanitary. A major catalyst for suburban growth was the opening of the
585:, as suburban residents could commute via train to downtown for work. In Australia, where Melbourne would soon become the second-largest city in the British Empire, the distinctively Australasian suburb, with its loosely aggregated
1823:, has also exceeded the population of adjacent Norfolk. With only a few large commercial areas and no definitive downtown area, Chesapeake is primarily residential in nature with vast rural areas remaining within the city limits.
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In Cape Town, there is a distinct European style originating from European influence during the mid-1600s when the Dutch settled the Cape. Houses like these are called Cape Dutch Houses and can be found in the affluent suburbs of
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for better jobs and educational opportunities than were available to them in the segregated South. Their arrival in Northern and Western cities en masse, in addition to being followed by race riots in several large cities such as
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with inadequate sewer structure coverage, saturated mass transit, more precarious running water, electricity and communication services, and lack of urban planning and landscaping, while also not necessarily qualifying as actual
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In Hong Kong, however, suburbs are mostly government-planned new towns containing numerous public housing estates. However, other new towns also contain private housing estates and low density developments for the upper classes.
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designed to provide housing to White middle-class and lower-middle-class families. African Americans and other people of color largely remained concentrated within decaying cores of urban poverty creating a phenomenon known as
2589:(1953), evoke the suburbs of Paris explicitly since the 1930s. Those singers give a sunny festive, almost bucolic, image of the suburbs, yet still few urbanized. During the fifties and the sixties, French singer-songwriter
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particularly if they're struggling. According to struggling cities, this will help bring in a substantial revenue for the city which is a great way to tax the people who make the most use of the highways and repairs.
1713:. The goal is to "build sustainable communities" rather than housing estates. However, commercial concerns tend to delay the opening of services until a large number of residents have occupied the new neighborhood.
1964:
By 2010, suburbs increasingly gained people in racial minority groups, as many members of minority groups gained better access to education and sought more favorable living conditions compared to inner city areas.
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the Grand Central Terminal commuter hub that enabled its development. Westchester's true importance in the history of American suburbanization derives from the upper-middle class development of villages including
1819:. While Virginia Beach has slowly been taking on the characteristics of an urban city, it will not likely achieve the population density and urban characteristics of Norfolk. A second suburban city in Virginia,
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The earliest appearance of suburbs coincided with the spread of the first urban settlements. Large walled towns tended to be the focus around which smaller villages grew up in a symbiotic relationship with the
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Compared to rural areas, suburbs usually have greater population density, higher standards of living, more complex road systems, more franchised stores and restaurants, and less farmland and wildlife.
1754:, which expanded the area in which city commuters could live. These are typically medium-density neighborhoods contiguous with the core urban area, built for pedestrian access to the streetcar lines.
1520:. They concentrate infrastructure, investment and attention from the municipal seat and the best offer of mass transit. True sprawling towards neighboring municipalities is typically empoverished –
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Zoning patterns that separate residential and commercial development, as well as different intensities and densities of development. Daily needs are not within walking distance of most homes.
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Following the growth of the middle class due to African industrialization, the development of middle class suburbs has boomed since the beginning of the 1990s, particularly in cities such as
1489:
in the construction of suburbs since the late 1970s and early 1980s. As the growth of middle-class and upper-class suburbs increased, low-class squatter areas have increased, most notably
283:; exurbs have less population density than suburbs, but still more than rural areas. Suburbs and exurbs are sometimes linked to the nearby city economically, particularly by commuters.
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Although a majority of Americans regard themselves as residents of suburban communities, the federal government of the United States has no formal definition for what constitutes a
1327:, suburban growth takes place within the city boundaries as opposed to in bedroom communities. This is due to annexation and a large geographic footprint within the city borders.
567:. In some places, nearby settlements were swallowed up as the main city expanded. The peripheral areas on the outskirts of the city were generally inhabited by the very poorest.
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was mainly occupied by the emperor and important officials; the city's people mostly lived in small cities right outside Luoyang, which were suburbs in all but name.
1024:", meaning that most daytime business activity took place in the city, with the working population leaving the city at night for the purpose of going home to sleep.
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In 1912 it was suggested that a specially formed company should take over from the Surplus Lands Committee and develop suburban estates near the railway. However,
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in the tram era. With the automobile, the Australian usage came about as outer areas were quickly surrounded in fast-growing cities, but retained the appellation
1781:, the main city is much smaller than the surrounding suburban areas, leaving the city proper with a small portion of the metro area's population and land area.
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plots, which it then marketed as "Metro-land". In the UK, the government is seeking to impose minimum densities on newly approved housing schemes in parts of
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there has been surprising continuity since the infancy of Australian suburbia in the 1850s in the attitudes, values and motives underlying suburbanization.
1545:, the part of the West Zone associated with SuperVia's Ramal de Santa Cruz. These, in comparison with the inner suburbs, often prove to be remote, violent
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evokes in his songs popular and proletarian suburbs of Paris, to oppose them to the city, considered by comparison as a bourgeois and conservative place.
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Canada is an urbanized nation where over 80% of the population lives in urban areas (loosely defined), and roughly two-thirds live in one of Canada's 33
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dealt with aspects of growing up in suburbia, suggesting aimlessness, apathy and endless rushing are ingrained into the suburban culture and mentality.
1187:; the term was eventually applied to neighborhoods in the original core as well. In Australia, Sydney's urban sprawl has occurred predominantly in the
4435:
1815:, and others. Virginia Beach is now the most populous city in Virginia, having long since exceeded the population of its neighboring primary city,
1769:
for suburban development accelerated this process as did the practice of redlining by banks and other lending institutions. In some cities such as
1914:
suburbanization grew between 1970 and 1980 by 2.6% as a result of central city neighborhoods expanding into older neighborhoods vacated by whites.
616:, trams and buses, it became possible for the majority of a city's population to reside outside the city and to commute into the center for work.
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portray the suburbs as concealing darker secrets behind a façade of manicured lawns, friendly people, and beautifully kept houses. Films such as
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In China, the term suburb is new, although suburbs are already being constructed rapidly. Chinese suburbs mostly consist of rows upon rows of
259:
In some countries, including India, China, New Zealand, Canada, the United Kingdom, and parts of the United States, new suburbs are routinely
93:
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c. 18) required railways to sell off surplus lands within ten years of the time given for completion of the work in the line's enabling Act.
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in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Modern Canadian suburbs tend to be less automobile-centric than those in the United States, and
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and the creation of the first garden suburbs at the turn of the 20th century. The first garden suburb was developed through the efforts of
416:
in Sydney, are usually characterized by higher density apartment housing and greater integration between commercial and residential areas.
3734:"The Postwar Economy: 1945–1960 < Postwar America < History 1994 < American History From Revolution To Reconstruction and beyond"
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by minute differences in home value, creating entire communities where family incomes and demographics are almost completely homogeneous.
1704:. The growth in the use of trains, and later cars and highways, increased the ease with which workers could have a job in the city while
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3382:
Gilbert, Alan (25 July 1989). "The Roots of Australian Anti-Suburbanism". In Goldberg, Samuels Louis; Smith, Francis Barrymore (eds.).
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cottage villages appeared in almost every city of the country (including Moscow), no different from the suburbs in western countries.
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Ward David (1964). "A Comparative Historical Geography of Streetcar Suburbs in Boston, Massachusetts and Leeds, England: 1850–1920".
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or slums. They often are former agricultural land or wild areas settled through squatting; suburbs grew and expanded due to the mass
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from development, they established trusts in 1904 which bought 243 acres of land along the newly opened Northern line extension to
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have depicted suburbia as well-manicured but relentlessly boring, and its residents as either overly conforming or prone to going
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systems, longer travel distances and the hierarchy system, which is less efficient at distributing traffic than the traditional
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of Sweden, even if the suburbs of these countries also include middle-class and upper-class neighborhoods that often consist of
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lines that could shuttle workers into and out of city centers where the jobs were located. This practice gave rise to the term "
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1568:, which grew with migration from more distant and impoverished parts of the country and deal with overpopulation as a result.
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1946:, including culs-de-sac, leading to larger residential streets, in turn leading to large collector roads, in place of the
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777:, the then Minister for Housing. The Act allowed for the building of large new housing estates in the suburbs after the
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Leeds, many suburbs are formerly separate towns and villages that have been absorbed during a city's expansion, such as
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use is encouraged but can be notably unused. Throughout Canada, there are comprehensive plans in place to curb sprawl.
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Rothstein, Richard: The Color of Law. A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America, Liveright, 2017.
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In Japan, the construction of suburbs has boomed since the end of World War II and many cities are experiencing the
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Suburbs and suburban living have been the subject for a wide variety of films, books, television shows and songs.
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around cities. Some social reformers attempted to combine the best of both concepts in the garden city movement.
1791:, the two most populous suburbs in the U.S., are actually more populous than many core cities, including Miami,
256:, some suburbs in the United States have a higher population and higher incomes than their nearby inner cities.
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992:, further stimulated white suburban migration. The growth of the suburbs was facilitated by the development of
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expect to get an A1 population out of C3 homes" – referring to military fitness classifications of the period.
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In Canada, the term may also be used in the British sense, especially as cities annex formerly outlying areas.
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781:, and marked the start of a long 20th century tradition of state-owned housing, which would later evolve into
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in reference to the large villas and estates built by the wealthy patricians of Rome on the city's outskirts.
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and her husband; inspired by Ebenezer Howard and the model housing development movement (then exemplified by
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Ruth McManus, and Philip J. Ethington (2007). "Suburbs in transition: new approaches to suburban history".
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system, allowing a more direct route while still keeping the cars out of the residential and side streets.
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Conversely, many white Americans also moved back to city centers. Nearly all major city downtowns (such as
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Beauregard, Robert A. When America Became Suburban. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2006.
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are filled with high-rise buildings, paddy fields, and farms, and are designed more like rural villages.
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In the suburban system, most trips from one component to another component requires that cars enter a
801:. The design of many of these houses, highly characteristic of the era, was heavily influenced by the
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By 1890, Melbourne was the second-largest city in the British Empire and one of the world's richest.
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Suburbs typically have longer travel times to work than traditional neighborhoods. Only the traffic
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In the illustrative case of Rome, Italy, in the 1920s and 1930s, suburbs were intentionally created
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can refer either to an outlying residential area of a city or town or to a separate municipality or
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Suburban systems of the sprawl type are also quite inefficient for cyclists or pedestrians, as the
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651:(1914–1918) delayed these plans until 1919, when, with the expectation of a postwar housing-boom,
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A History of the Metropolitan Railway. Volume 1: The Circle and Extended Lines to Rickmansworth
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Goodman, Robin; Buxton, Michael; Moloney, Susie (2016). "The early development of Melbourne".
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The Fractured Metropolis: Improving the New City, Restoring the Old City, Reshaping the Region
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guaranteed low-cost loans for veterans, with very low down payments, and low interest rates.
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271:, France, and much of the United States, many suburbs remain separate municipalities or are
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846:
834:
720:
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260:
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1888:– anywhere from 0.1 acres and up – surrounded at close quarters by very similar dwellings.
1721:
1311:) has occurred in non-core municipalities. This trend is also beginning to take effect in
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stimulated a housing boom in American suburbs. In the older cities of the northeast U.S.,
311:. Suburbs tend to proliferate around cities that have an abundance of adjacent flat land.
8:
5495:
5114:
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Images of a mature north London suburb illustrating a wide range of domestic architecture
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Adams, L. J. (1 September 2006). "Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism".
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Housing Segregation in Suburban America Since 1960: Presidential and Judicial Politics
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1936:
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progressing from the 1920s to the 1950s, and especially with the introduction of the
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In the 19th century, horse-drawn and later electric trolleys enabled the creation of
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896:. Returning veterans wishing to start a settled life moved in masses to the suburbs.
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carved from previously rural land into multiple-home developments built by a single
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in the country. These suburbs also serve as major housing areas and commuter towns.
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2001 Walter Martin Hosack. "single-family detached housing" = "suburb houses" p133
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1981:
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In the United Kingdom suburbs are located between the exurbs and inner cities of a
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609:
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279:. In the United States, regions beyond the suburbs are known as "exurban areas" or
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185:
77:
3660:"The Development of English Semi-detached Dwellings During the Nineteenth Century"
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was although soon interested in urban changes in the suburbs, with such movies as
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157:
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Brazilian affluent suburbs are generally denser, more vertical and mixed in use
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The committee's report of 1917 was taken up by the government, which passed the
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5435:
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City schools and the American dream: reclaiming the promise of public education
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1627:. Suburbs are also evident in other major conurbations in the country such as
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to name a few. However, most suburbs in Dhaka are different from the ones in
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during the years of the military dictatorship. This is particularly true of
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4623:(British Empire Exhibition 1924 reprinted ed.). Southbank Publishing.
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Today more companies settle down in suburbs because of low property costs.
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1947:
1744:
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c. 1350 in the manuscript of the Midlands Prose Psalter, in which the form
264:
253:
249:
85:
81:
3760:
A Consumer's Republic: The Politics of Mass Consumption in Postwar America
3108:
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documented the culture of suburbia in the 1970s, most notably in his book
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sections, developed in the 1850s and eventually became a component of the
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ed. by K. D. BĂĽlbring. Early English Text Society, Original Series, 1891.
4388:
3388:(reprint ed.). Cambridge: CUP Archive (published 1988). p. 36.
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2359:
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1732:
1640:
1612:
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1546:
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1132:
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648:
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346:("city"). The first recorded use of the term in English according to the
119:
73:
32:"Suburbs", "Suburbia", and "Suburban" redirect here. For other uses, see
1565:
1316:
909:
5485:
5420:
5271:
5221:
5061:
4994:
4959:
4885:
4255:. Lanham, Maryland (Prince George's County): Rowman & Littlefield.
4138:
4114:
3991:
3568:
Clapson, Mark (2000). "The suburban aspiration in England since 1919".
3249:
2671:
2642:
skewers American suburbia, which produces misery instead of happiness.
2578:
2275:
2145: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1932:
1812:
1808:
1758:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1664:
1330:
Calgary is unusual among Canadian cities because it has developed as a
1220:
1081:
1041:
735:
679:
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domestic buyers in places like Willesden Park Estate, Cecil Park, near
601:
577:
490:. In Ireland, this can be seen in the Dublin suburban areas of Swords,
320:
233:
101:
4415:"The growing distance between people and jobs in metropolitan America"
5241:
5149:
5011:
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4927:
4912:
3421:
The Golden Years of the Metropolitan Railway and the Metro-land Dream
3184:
2800:
2689:
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1860:
1848:
1844:
1804:
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1705:
1604:
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1312:
997:
957:
719:
Suburbanization in the interwar period was heavily influenced by the
629:
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in the 1860s. The line later joined the capital's financial heart in
549:
229:
220:
130:
3678:
3659:
3233:
2562:
2439:
2239:
the short streets themselves is less. This is due to three factors:
2120:
1607:
are common concepts in suburban planning. In certain places such as
1414:
702:
596:
275:
as part of a larger metropolitan area such as a county, district or
5346:
5266:
5139:
4964:
4895:
3070:
2805:
2795:
1989:
1885:
1320:
1216:
1069:
1009:
802:
495:
487:
4252:
Between fear and hope: globalization and race in the United States
667:, Cecil Park and Grange Estate at Pinner and the Cedars Estate at
115:
4524:
Archer, John; Paul J.P. Sandul, and Katherine Solomonson (eds.),
2955:"A forgotten history of how the US Government Segregated America"
1840:
1832:
1668:
1580:
1347:
1324:
1259:
1208:
1109:
660:
563:
in Europe, towns swelled with a steady influx of people from the
553:
483:
276:
268:
123:
4832:
884:
serving thousands of businessmen and executives from Manhattan.
357:
145:
5226:
5124:
3800:
Expanding the American Dream: Building and Rebuilding Levittown
2271:
1954:
1884:
than central cities, dominated by single-family homes on small
1828:
1644:
1619:, suburbs form the core. The latter one has been turned into a
1510:
1235:
1212:
1169:
1128:
993:
864:
857:
641:
576:
through the 19th century, especially in cities like London and
538:
479:
429:
401:
323:
193:
181:
150:
138:
3263:
Mary Corbin Sies (2001). "North American Suburbs, 1880–1950".
3153:"According to the Federal Government, the Suburbs Don't Exist"
2999:"Demographics for a 5 mile radius around Overland Park Kansas"
1537:) –, with a very noticeable example being the rail suburbs of
691:
608:
Toward the end of the century, with the development of public
458:
176:
4907:
4489:
Little Boxes: The Architecture of a Classic Midcentury Suburb
3519:
2780:
2067:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
1770:
1386:
1117:
1105:
1073:
892:
The suburban population in North America exploded during the
816:
Within just a decade suburbs dramatically increased in size.
280:
189:
169:
161:
105:
4693:
Crabgrass frontier: The suburbanization of the United States
4237:"Housing Unit Characteristics by Type of Housing Unit, 2005"
3885:
3043:"Demographics for 5 mile radius around Southfield, Michigan"
447:
in the United States, leaving its precise meaning disputed.
149:
Saaristokaupunki (Archipelago city), a new suburban area in
5144:
4869:
4658:
Building Suburbia: Green Fields and Urban Growth, 1820–2000
4205:
Comeback Cities: A Blueprint for Urban Neighborhood Revival
3453:
3122:, British Library Add. MS. 17376, in BĂĽlbring 1891, p. 188.
2830:
1950:
common to most central cities and pre-World War II suburbs.
1652:
1017:
750:. The suburb attracted the talents of architects including
534:
365:
4651:
Creeping Conformity: How Canada Became Suburban, 1900–1960
3507:
3495:
1866:
Suburbs in the United States have a prevalence of usually
1576:
4838:
4168:. Transportdiversions.com. Retrieved on 22 November 2011.
3814:
3470:
3468:
697:
4570:
Chesham Shuttle: The Story of a Metropolitan Branch Line
1935:
behind large parking lots instead of a classic downtown
4330:
Miller, Carissa Moffat; Blevins, Audie (1 March 2005).
3805:
3071:"Suburban Ideals on England's Interwar Council Estates"
2666:
lampoons the development of suburbia and its perceived
841:
738:
garden city), as well as the desire to protect part of
252:" in the U.S. Due in part to historical trends such as
4332:"Battlement Mesa: a case study of community evolution"
3831:"Zoning Requirements for Standard Lot in RS3 District"
3485:
3483:
3465:
3441:
2977:"Demographics for 5 mile radius around Kansas City mo"
758:, and it ultimately grew to encompass over 800 acres.
4795:
Borderland: Origins of the American Suburb, 1820–1939
4528:
Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2015.
4306:
Problems and issues of diversity in the United States
3862:. Library.cornell.edu. Retrieved on 22 November 2011.
2711:
enticed by it at the same time. A film adaptation of
2325:
being prevalent both in popular culture and academia.
2309:
in the 1950s and critiques a culture of aspirational
1238:
suburbs often feature high-density nodes, as seen in
248:
has become largely synonymous with what is called a "
4462:"Chanson francaise La banlieue 1931–1953 Anthologie"
4178:
The Myth of the White Suburb and “Suburban Invasion”
3344:
2706:
was written by Robert S. Cohen and David Javerbaum.
1992:
have attracted young Americans to the city centers.
108:, of New York City, with a lower population density.
4588:
Cottages and Villas: The Birth of the Garden Suburb
4526:
Making Suburbia: New Histories of Everyday America.
4113:Aiken, S. Robert; Leigh, Colin H. (December 1975).
3539:"History of London Metro-Land and London's Suburbs"
3480:
2464:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4749:
4665:
3348:Planning Melbourne: Lessons for a Sustainable City
655:(MRCE) formed. MRCE went on to develop estates at
4378:White flight? Suburbs lose young whites to cities
4119:Annals of the Association of American Geographers
3695:Annals of the Association of American Geographers
3657:
3168:
3166:
3021:"Demographics for a 5 mile radius around Detroit"
5531:
4562:Bourgeois Utopias: The Rise and Fall of Suburbia
4442:
4055:. China Urban Development Blog. 23 February 2011
4029:"THE CITY OF CALGARY Municipal Development Plan"
3262:
2305:Criticism of suburbia dates back to the boom of
2278:and footpaths connecting across the arms of the
1551:
1521:
1389:) were created at a further distance from them.
1284:residents (67%), to a low of about one-third of
512:The history of suburbia is part of the study of
299:; however, there are many exceptions, including
4005:"CALGARY, AB an overview of development trends"
678:The Met's marketing department coined the term
570:
104:(below), characteristic of an outer suburb, or
4752:The English landscape in the twentieth century
4596:The London Underground: An illustrated history
4392:. Sunday 9 May 2010. Retrieved on 10 May 2010.
4103:. Usatoday.com. Retrieved on 22 November 2011.
3163:
1591:In Malaysia, suburbs are common especially in
948:Very little housing had been built during the
219:which is predominantly residential and within
4854:
4818:A Future Vision for the North American Suburb
4329:
3418:
3314:
3312:
3064:
3062:
3060:
2065:The examples and perspective in this article
1957:administrative buildings than in urban areas.
887:
453:
4434:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4412:
3994:. Planetizen. Retrieved on 22 November 2011.
3938:"NSW Place and Road Naming Proposals System"
1195:was designated an official suburb in 2009.
1040:design of "new towns" and the protection of
653:Metropolitan Railway Country Estates Limited
473:In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the term
228:, suburban areas are defined in contrast to
4555:The Earliest Complete English Prose Salter,
4533:Picture Windows: How the Suburbs Happened.
4101:Modern suburbia not just in America anymore
3963:"Dependence on cars in urban neighborhoods"
3774:Historical Statistics of the United States
2930:Applied Ecology and Sustainable Environment
2368:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2045:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1443:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1179:Large cities like Sydney and Melbourne had
341:
335:
329:
27:Human settlement within a metropolitan area
4861:
4847:
4112:
3692:
3309:
3131:
3057:
328:, which is in turn derived from the Latin
3871:England, Robert E. and David R. Morgan.
3677:
2542:Learn how and when to remove this message
2524:Learn how and when to remove this message
2223:Learn how and when to remove this message
2205:Learn how and when to remove this message
2103:Learn how and when to remove this message
2003:population is increasing in the suburbs.
1463:Learn how and when to remove this message
1123:In an illustrative case of South Africa,
967:At the same time, African Americans were
374:Suburban housing in the regional city of
4744:, London, British Library Add. MS. 17376
4309:. Westport, Conn.: Bergin & Garvey.
3665:Papers from the Institute of Archaeology
3150:
3134:"How to Tell If You Live in the Suburbs"
1942:A road network designed to conform to a
1720:
1575:
1341:
1264:
1245:
1230:
1159:
1055:
1008:After World War II, the availability of
927:
908:
851:
840:
828:
771:Housing, Town Planning, &c. Act 1919
701:
595:
457:
369:
366:Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa
175:
156:
144:
129:
114:
80:(above) is emblematic of the continuous
4774:
4722:
4686:
4542:. University of Minnesota Press, 2006.
4531:Baxandall, Rosalyn and Elizabeth Ewen.
4275:
3567:
3501:
3474:
3459:
3447:
3381:
3172:
2770:have brought this theme to the cinema.
2698:by the Canadian-based alternative band
1906:) and lesser percentage of citizens of
14:
5532:
4747:
4567:
4413:Kneebone; Holmes, Elizabeth; Natalie.
4302:
4248:
3969:. Government of Canada. Archived from
3513:
3099:by Jonathan Barnett, via Google Books.
3068:
2841:List of satellite cities by population
773:, also known as the Addison Act after
698:Interwar suburban expansion in England
628:to what were to become the suburbs of
314:
4842:
4663:
4616:
4593:
3757:
3525:
3489:
3419:Edwards, Dennis; Pigram, Ron (1988).
3219:
3075:Journal of the Garden History Society
2901:
2329:
2317:, this discourse is prominent in the
2298:These paragraphs are an excerpt from
2241:almost-mandatory automobile ownership
1863:, Minneapolis, and Washington, D.C..
319:The English word is derived from the
4545:
4485:
4448:
4282:. New York: Teachers College Press.
4075:"Is This Beijing's Suburban Future?"
4053:"(Mis)understanding China's Suburbs"
3762:. Vintage Books. pp. Chapter 6.
3151:Brasuell, James (21 November 2018).
2926:
2862:Lands Clauses Consolidation Act 1845
2733:The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin
2622:Two or Three Things I Know About Her
2462:adding citations to reliable sources
2433:
2374:
2333:
2143:adding citations to reliable sources
2114:
2051:
2010:
1441:adding citations to reliable sources
1408:
1016:originally developed along train or
894:post-World War II economic expansion
5200:Technical aspects of urban planning
4515:For a more comprehensive list, see
2890:Edge City: Life on the New Frontier
1127:housing has been built. In much of
944:are hallmarks of suburban planning.
196:are built according to the typical
24:
4492:. Daly City, CA: Advection Media.
4131:10.1111/j.1467-8306.1975.tb01062.x
3707:10.1111/j.1467-8306.1964.tb01779.x
3326:from the original on 20 March 2020
2927:Jain, Shri V. K. (30 April 2021).
2740:. In contrast, U.S. shows such as
2718:British television series such as
2405:by removing the content or adding
1530:, in the sense of it dealing with
1319:. In certain cities, particularly
1303:three largest metropolitan areas (
918:Upper Darby Township, Pennsylvania
833:A suburban housing development in
824:
25:
5576:
4811:
4207:By Paul S. Grogan, Tony Proscio.
4115:"Malaysia's Emerging Conurbation"
4099:Nasser, Haya El. (18 April 2008)
3132:Montgomery, David (7 July 2020).
2684:also discusses suburbia, as does
2349:This section has multiple issues.
2026:This section has multiple issues.
1695:
1269:A low-density Canadian suburb in
1203:Bangladesh has multiple suburbs,
1084:of the U.S. Examples include the
340:(meaning "under" or "below") and
5513:
4975:Cities with the most skyscrapers
3835:47th Ward Public Service website
3721:Westchester: the American suburb
2438:
2379:
2338:
2119:
2056:
2015:
2006:
1924:. These subdivisions are often
1835:, New York City, San Francisco,
1757:With widespread adoption of the
1743:moved to the suburbs during the
1716:
1413:
1404:
1291:Large cities in Canada acquired
1166:Sydney central business district
805:movement, taking influence from
793:house was first designed by the
519:
419:
62:
51:
5451:Sustainable Development Goal 11
5332:Most populous national capitals
4804:The American Suburb: The Basics
4797:. Yale University Press, 1989.
4510:
4479:
4454:
4406:
4395:
4370:
4323:
4296:
4269:
4242:
4230:
4218:
4198:
4182:
4171:
4152:
4106:
4093:
4067:
4045:
4021:
3997:
3985:
3955:
3930:
3904:
3878:
3865:
3853:
3823:
3792:
3779:
3766:
3751:
3726:
3713:
3686:
3651:
3626:
3596:
3561:
3531:
3412:
3375:
3338:
3299:"Luoyang and the Northern Army"
3291:
3256:
3213:
3178:
3144:
3125:
3113:
3102:
3088:
2854:
2567:Aux quatre coins de la banlieue
2449:needs additional citations for
2357:or discuss these issues on the
2247:systems and nearly-nonexistent
2130:needs additional citations for
2034:or discuss these issues on the
1583:, a suburb outside of downtown
559:As populations grew during the
5337:Most populous satellite cities
4572:(2nd ed.). Clive Foxell.
4239:Energy Information Association
3634:"Outcomes of the War: Britain"
3035:
3013:
2991:
2969:
2947:
2920:
2895:
2882:
1910:than in urban areas. However,
1250:Higher-density development in
709:semi-detached cottages, built
13:
1:
5327:Most densely populated cities
4725:London's Metropolitan Railway
4564:. Basic Books, 1987; in U.S.
4535:New York: Basic Books, 2000.
4225:Land Development Calculations
3992:The Wealthy Suburbs of Canada
2892:, Knopf Doubleday, 1992, p149
2875:
1198:
969:rapidly moving north and west
710:
137:, a suburban neighborhood in
4540:When America Became Suburban
4348:10.1016/j.soscij.2004.11.001
3570:Contemporary British History
2674:values, while the 1982 song
2292:
1953:A greater percentage of one-
1851:, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia,
1362:
1155:
1051:
860:, Texas, (in the foreground)
671:and to found places such as
571:Origins of the modern suburb
552:razed the city, the capital
164:Uttara Apartment complex at
7:
4823:Centre for Suburban Studies
4617:Green, Oliver, ed. (2004).
4550:. Melbourne: Penguin Books.
3772:U.S. Bureau of the Census,
3604:"The History of the Suburb"
3385:Australian Cultural History
3222:Journal of American History
2773:
2079:, discuss the issue on the
1876:They are characterized by:
1603:, semi-detached houses and
1571:
1133:FNB ("Soccer City") Stadium
932:A suburban neighborhood of
684:Guide to the Extension Line
287:commute to city centers or
10:
5581:
5195:Theories of urban planning
4868:
4779:. Lamplight Publications.
4514:
4336:The Social Science Journal
4249:Barlow, Andrew L. (2003).
3860:Garden Cities of To-Morrow
3658:Lofthouse, Pamela (2012).
3277:10.1177/009614420102700304
2906:. Routledge. p. 640.
2297:
1315:, and to a lesser extent,
938:Colorado Springs, Colorado
920:, an inner-ring suburb of
904:
888:Postwar suburban expansion
533:was first employed by the
505:
501:
454:United Kingdom and Ireland
263:by adjacent cities due to
226:English-speaking countries
31:
5555:Types of populated places
5509:
5408:
5345:
5305:
5190:History of urban planning
5180:
5100:Central business district
5080:
5030:
4876:
4303:Naylor, Larry L. (1999).
3787:The Best Years, 1945–1950
3582:10.1080/13619460008581576
3199:10.1017/S096392680700466X
2401:Please help Knowledge to
1763:Interstate Highway System
1686:
1484:, and most major cities.
1278:census metropolitan areas
1271:Langley, British Columbia
1226:
1099:
376:Griffith, New South Wales
349:Oxford English Dictionary
42:Suburban (disambiguation)
38:Suburbia (disambiguation)
4402:Minority Suburbanization
3942:proposals.gnb.nsw.gov.au
3758:Cohen, Lizabeth (2003).
3265:Journal of Urban History
3069:Hollow, Matthew (2011).
3045:. demographics by radius
3023:. demographics by radius
3001:. demograpbics by radius
2979:. demographics by radius
2904:Encyclopedia of the City
2847:
1894:A greater percentage of
1789:Virginia Beach, Virginia
1392:
1371:
1337:
1307:, Greater Montréal, and
813:, and even ship design.
761:During World War I, the
657:Kingsbury Garden Village
440:outside a town or city.
34:Suburbs (disambiguation)
5441:Million Tree Initiative
4748:Rowley, Trevor (2006).
4727:. David & Charles.
4698:Oxford University Press
4660:. Vintage Books, 2003.
4548:The Australian Ugliness
4517:Bibliography of suburbs
4276:Noguera, Pedro (2003).
4164:16 October 2007 at the
2786:Bibliography of suburbs
1346:Apartments in suburban
763:Tudor Walters Committee
748:Hampstead Garden Suburb
604:guide published in 1921
544:Towards the end of the
358:
324:
5426:Ecological engineering
5315:World's largest cities
5287:Cycling infrastructure
5172:Peri-urban agriculture
4775:Simpson, Bill (2003).
4723:Jackson, Alan (1986).
4594:Green, Oliver (1987).
4568:Foxell, Clive (1996).
4538:Beauregard, Robert A.
3873:Managing Urban America
2816:Developed environments
2715:was produced in 2006.
2315:English-speaking world
1855:, Norfolk, St. Louis,
1736:
1588:
1552:
1541:– the North Zone, the
1522:
1351:
1273:
1262:
1243:
1176:
1076:
945:
925:
861:
849:
838:
716:
605:
470:
385:suburbs and localities
379:
342:
336:
330:
215:) is an area within a
204:
173:
154:
142:
127:
5466:Urban forest inequity
5257:Multiple nuclei model
5247:Concentric zone model
5232:Mixed-use development
5105:Most expensive cities
5090:World's cities by GDP
4672:. Capital Transport.
4668:The Metropolitan Line
3303:Scholars of Shen Zhou
2902:Caves, R. W. (2004).
2791:Criticism of suburbia
2680:by the Canadian band
2632:In his one-act opera
2300:Criticism of suburbia
2243:due to poor suburban
1978:Downtown Philadelphia
1724:
1579:
1564:, Rio de Janeiro and
1345:
1268:
1249:
1234:
1163:
1059:
931:
912:
855:
844:
832:
705:
673:Harrow Garden Village
644:and at Wembley Park.
599:
548:, until 190 AD, when
506:Further information:
461:
373:
267:. In others, such as
242:South African English
179:
160:
148:
133:
118:
5456:Sustainable urbanism
5431:Green infrastructure
4664:Horne, Mike (2003).
4546:Boyd, Robin (1960).
4422:Bicycleuniverse.info
3973:on 17 September 2016
3516:, pp. 206, 207.
3462:, pp. 134, 137.
3351:. CSIRO Publishing.
3320:"History of Suburbs"
2933:. BFC Publications.
2749:Desperate Housewives
2458:improve this article
2403:improve this article
2307:suburban development
2139:improve this article
2085:create a new article
2077:improve this article
1986:Downtown Los Angeles
1902:and, in some areas,
1486:Lomas de Chapultepec
1437:improve this section
1094:single-family houses
847:Santa Fe, New Mexico
835:Richfield, Minnesota
721:garden city movement
622:Metropolitan Railway
614:underground railways
612:systems such as the
465:suburban housing in
5496:Urban reforestation
5115:Most livable cities
4833:The end of suburbia
4806:. Routledge, 2008.
4758:Hambledon Continuum
4688:Jackson, Kenneth T.
4586:Galinou, Mireille.
3802:(SUNY Press, 1993).
3798:Barbara Mae Kelly,
3776:(1976) series H-156
3504:, pp. 241–242.
2704:Suburb The Musical,
2686:Rockin' the Suburbs
2415:independent sources
1931:Shopping malls and
1922:real estate company
1908:other ethnic groups
1138:equestrian facility
775:Christopher Addison
632:. The line reached
583:ribbon developments
561:Early Modern Period
546:Eastern Han Dynasty
438:unincorporated area
315:Etymology and usage
305:planned communities
92:, in contrast with
5395:Urban homesteading
5320:throughout history
4835:(documentary film)
4793:Stilgoe, John R.
4656:Hayden, Dolores.
4590:(2011), in England
4560:Fishman, Robert.
4486:Keil, Rob (2006).
4159:London's metroland
4081:. 10 February 2011
3719:Roger G. Panetta,
2826:Rural–urban fringe
2557:French songs like
2330:In popular culture
1737:
1711:South East England
1589:
1543:Baixada Fluminense
1352:
1274:
1263:
1244:
1242:, British Columbia
1219:. Most suburbs in
1191:. The locality of
1177:
1088:of France, or the
1077:
946:
926:
862:
850:
839:
717:
690:guide, priced at 1
606:
471:
463:Upper middle class
380:
301:industrial suburbs
289:business districts
238:Australian English
205:
174:
155:
143:
128:
5527:
5526:
5520:Cities portal
5481:Urban heat island
5390:Urban exploration
5262:Linear settlement
5210:Public open space
5050:direct-controlled
5000:Abandoned village
4955:Metropolitan area
4649:Harris, Richard.
3967:Statistics Canada
3916:Eyeofafrica.co.za
3890:Eyeofafrica.co.za
3841:on 14 August 2014
3789:(1976) pp 135–39.
3614:on 3 January 2018
2940:978-93-90880-19-5
2692:. The 2010 album
2658:. The 1962 song "
2640:Leonard Bernstein
2635:Trouble in Tahiti
2552:
2551:
2544:
2534:
2533:
2526:
2508:
2432:
2431:
2372:
2233:
2232:
2225:
2215:
2214:
2207:
2189:
2113:
2112:
2105:
2087:, as appropriate.
2049:
1937:shopping district
1752:streetcar suburbs
1702:metropolitan area
1509:in Guatemala and
1473:
1472:
1465:
1309:Greater Vancouver
1293:streetcar suburbs
1288:residents (34%).
1181:streetcar suburbs
1022:bedroom community
1014:streetcar suburbs
732:Henrietta Barnett
682:in 1915 when the
600:The cover of the
412:in Melbourne and
217:metropolitan area
202:Million Programme
16:(Redirected from
5572:
5518:
5517:
5516:
5501:Zero-carbon city
5446:Sustainable city
5400:Unitary urbanism
5370:Urban morphology
5307:Urban population
5277:Bicycle-friendly
5057:Independent city
5032:Urban government
4990:Shrinking cities
4863:
4856:
4849:
4840:
4839:
4790:
4771:
4755:
4738:
4719:
4683:
4671:
4646:
4644:
4642:
4633:. Archived from
4613:
4583:
4551:
4504:
4503:
4483:
4477:
4476:
4474:
4472:
4458:
4452:
4446:
4440:
4439:
4433:
4425:
4419:
4410:
4404:
4399:
4393:
4383:Associated Press
4374:
4368:
4367:
4327:
4321:
4320:
4300:
4294:
4293:
4273:
4267:
4266:
4246:
4240:
4234:
4228:
4222:
4216:
4202:
4196:
4195:
4186:
4180:
4175:
4169:
4156:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4145:
4110:
4104:
4097:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4086:
4071:
4065:
4064:
4062:
4060:
4049:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4038:
4033:
4025:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4014:
4009:
4001:
3995:
3989:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3978:
3959:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3948:
3934:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3923:
3908:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3897:
3882:
3876:
3869:
3863:
3857:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3846:
3837:. Archived from
3827:
3821:
3818:
3812:
3809:
3803:
3796:
3790:
3785:Joseph Goulden,
3783:
3777:
3770:
3764:
3763:
3755:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3744:
3730:
3724:
3717:
3711:
3710:
3690:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3655:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3644:
3630:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3619:
3610:. Archived from
3600:
3594:
3593:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3545:. Archived from
3535:
3529:
3523:
3517:
3511:
3505:
3499:
3493:
3487:
3478:
3472:
3463:
3457:
3451:
3445:
3439:
3438:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3402:
3379:
3373:
3372:
3367:
3365:
3342:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3316:
3307:
3306:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3260:
3254:
3253:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3182:
3176:
3170:
3161:
3160:
3148:
3142:
3141:
3129:
3123:
3117:
3111:
3106:
3100:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3066:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3039:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3028:
3017:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3006:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2951:
2945:
2944:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2899:
2893:
2886:
2869:
2858:
2821:Settlement types
2664:Malvina Reynolds
2587:Robert Lamoureux
2547:
2540:
2529:
2522:
2518:
2515:
2509:
2507:
2466:
2442:
2434:
2427:
2424:
2418:
2383:
2382:
2375:
2364:
2342:
2341:
2334:
2228:
2221:
2210:
2203:
2199:
2196:
2190:
2188:
2147:
2123:
2115:
2108:
2101:
2097:
2094:
2088:
2060:
2059:
2052:
2041:
2019:
2018:
2011:
1982:Downtown Roanoke
1974:Downtown Detroit
1779:Washington, D.C.
1729:shopping centers
1555:
1525:
1468:
1461:
1457:
1454:
1448:
1417:
1409:
1356:apartment blocks
1090:concrete suburbs
1066:Clichy-sous-Bois
990:Washington, D.C.
950:Great Depression
746:and created the
715:
712:
591:Australian Dream
361:
345:
339:
333:
327:
309:satellite cities
293:private vehicles
273:governed locally
98:Middlesex County
66:
55:
21:
5580:
5579:
5575:
5574:
5573:
5571:
5570:
5569:
5530:
5529:
5528:
5523:
5514:
5512:
5505:
5404:
5380:Urban sociology
5341:
5301:
5292:Pedestrian zone
5176:
5110:Cheapest cities
5082:Urban economics
5076:
5067:Autonomous city
5026:
4985:Suburbanization
4878:Urban geography
4872:
4867:
4814:
4809:
4801:Teaford, Jon C.
4787:
4768:
4735:
4708:
4680:
4640:
4638:
4637:on 28 June 2008
4631:
4610:
4580:
4520:
4513:
4508:
4507:
4500:
4484:
4480:
4470:
4468:
4460:
4459:
4455:
4447:
4443:
4427:
4426:
4417:
4411:
4407:
4400:
4396:
4375:
4371:
4328:
4324:
4317:
4301:
4297:
4290:
4274:
4270:
4263:
4247:
4243:
4235:
4231:
4223:
4219:
4203:
4199:
4188:
4187:
4183:
4176:
4172:
4166:Wayback Machine
4157:
4153:
4143:
4141:
4111:
4107:
4098:
4094:
4084:
4082:
4073:
4072:
4068:
4058:
4056:
4051:
4050:
4046:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4027:
4026:
4022:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4003:
4002:
3998:
3990:
3986:
3976:
3974:
3961:
3960:
3956:
3946:
3944:
3936:
3935:
3931:
3921:
3919:
3912:"Eye of Africa"
3910:
3909:
3905:
3895:
3893:
3886:"Eye of Africa"
3884:
3883:
3879:
3870:
3866:
3858:
3854:
3844:
3842:
3829:
3828:
3824:
3819:
3815:
3810:
3806:
3797:
3793:
3784:
3780:
3771:
3767:
3756:
3752:
3742:
3740:
3732:
3731:
3727:
3718:
3714:
3691:
3687:
3679:10.5334/pia.404
3656:
3652:
3642:
3640:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3617:
3615:
3602:
3601:
3597:
3566:
3562:
3552:
3550:
3549:on 12 July 2013
3537:
3536:
3532:
3528:, introduction.
3524:
3520:
3512:
3508:
3500:
3496:
3488:
3481:
3473:
3466:
3458:
3454:
3446:
3442:
3435:
3417:
3413:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3380:
3376:
3363:
3361:
3359:
3343:
3339:
3329:
3327:
3318:
3317:
3310:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3261:
3257:
3234:10.2307/4486372
3218:
3214:
3183:
3179:
3171:
3164:
3149:
3145:
3130:
3126:
3118:
3114:
3107:
3103:
3093:
3089:
3079:
3077:
3067:
3058:
3048:
3046:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3026:
3024:
3019:
3018:
3014:
3004:
3002:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2982:
2980:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2960:
2958:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2941:
2925:
2921:
2914:
2900:
2896:
2887:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2872:
2866:8 & 9 Vict.
2859:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2776:
2647:photojournalist
2627:Jean-Luc Godard
2548:
2537:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2519:
2513:
2510:
2467:
2465:
2455:
2443:
2428:
2422:
2419:
2400:
2396:popular culture
2384:
2380:
2343:
2339:
2332:
2327:
2326:
2303:
2295:
2229:
2218:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2200:
2194:
2191:
2148:
2146:
2136:
2124:
2109:
2098:
2092:
2089:
2074:
2061:
2057:
2020:
2016:
2009:
1795:, New Orleans,
1719:
1698:
1689:
1601:Terraced houses
1574:
1535:marginalization
1480:, Mexico City,
1469:
1458:
1452:
1449:
1434:
1418:
1407:
1395:
1374:
1365:
1340:
1305:Greater Toronto
1256:Pearson Airport
1240:Metro Vancouver
1229:
1201:
1189:Western Suburbs
1174:western suburbs
1158:
1102:
1054:
914:Terraced houses
907:
890:
827:
799:terraced houses
783:council estates
779:First World War
740:Hampstead Heath
729:social reformer
725:Ebenezer Howard
713:
700:
573:
522:
510:
508:Suburbanization
504:
456:
422:
404:in Wellington,
368:
317:
297:public transits
113:
112:
111:
110:
109:
94:Monroe Township
67:
58:
57:
56:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5578:
5568:
5567:
5562:
5560:Urban planning
5557:
5552:
5547:
5545:Neighbourhoods
5542:
5525:
5524:
5510:
5507:
5506:
5504:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5476:Urban forestry
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5436:Green urbanism
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5416:Climate change
5412:
5410:
5406:
5405:
5403:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5351:
5349:
5343:
5342:
5340:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5323:
5322:
5311:
5309:
5303:
5302:
5300:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5218:
5217:
5207:
5205:Urban planners
5202:
5197:
5192:
5186:
5184:
5182:Urban planning
5178:
5177:
5175:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5162:Municipal bond
5159:
5154:
5153:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5086:
5084:
5078:
5077:
5075:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5053:
5052:
5042:
5036:
5034:
5028:
5027:
5025:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
5003:
5002:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4946:
4945:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4923:Satellite city
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4899:
4898:
4888:
4882:
4880:
4874:
4873:
4866:
4865:
4858:
4851:
4843:
4837:
4836:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4813:
4812:External links
4810:
4808:
4807:
4798:
4791:
4785:
4772:
4766:
4745:
4739:
4733:
4720:
4706:
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4295:
4288:
4268:
4261:
4241:
4229:
4217:
4197:
4181:
4170:
4151:
4125:(4): 546–563.
4105:
4092:
4066:
4044:
4020:
3996:
3984:
3954:
3929:
3903:
3877:
3864:
3852:
3822:
3813:
3804:
3791:
3778:
3765:
3750:
3725:
3712:
3701:(4): 477–489.
3685:
3650:
3625:
3595:
3560:
3530:
3518:
3506:
3494:
3479:
3477:, p. 240.
3464:
3452:
3450:, p. 134.
3440:
3433:
3427:. p. 32.
3411:
3394:
3374:
3357:
3337:
3308:
3290:
3255:
3228:(2): 601–602.
3212:
3193:(2): 317–337.
3177:
3162:
3143:
3124:
3112:
3101:
3087:
3056:
3034:
3012:
2990:
2968:
2946:
2939:
2919:
2912:
2894:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2713:Over the Hedge
2708:Over the Hedge
2617:Maurice Pialat
2612:L'Amour existe
2550:
2549:
2532:
2531:
2446:
2444:
2437:
2430:
2429:
2394:references to
2387:
2385:
2378:
2373:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2337:
2331:
2328:
2304:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2260:collector road
2231:
2230:
2213:
2212:
2127:
2125:
2118:
2111:
2110:
2071:of the subject
2069:worldwide view
2064:
2062:
2055:
2050:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2014:
2008:
2005:
1970:Downtown Miami
1962:
1961:
1958:
1951:
1940:
1929:
1915:
1892:
1889:
1857:Salt Lake City
1718:
1715:
1697:
1696:United Kingdom
1694:
1688:
1685:
1637:Bukit Mertajam
1621:satellite city
1595:, the largest
1573:
1570:
1539:Rio de Janeiro
1505:in Argentina,
1503:villa miserias
1471:
1470:
1421:
1419:
1412:
1406:
1403:
1394:
1391:
1373:
1370:
1364:
1361:
1339:
1336:
1297:public transit
1228:
1225:
1200:
1197:
1157:
1154:
1101:
1098:
1062:social housing
1053:
1050:
906:
903:
889:
886:
826:
823:
699:
696:
572:
569:
521:
518:
503:
500:
492:Blanchardstown
467:Swords, Dublin
455:
452:
421:
418:
367:
364:
354:Middle English
334:, formed from
316:
313:
236:areas, but in
211:(more broadly
168:, a suburb of
122:, a suburb of
84:making up the
68:
61:
60:
59:
50:
49:
48:
47:
46:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5577:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5537:
5535:
5522:
5521:
5508:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5491:Urban prairie
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5461:Urban ecology
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5413:
5411:
5407:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5385:Anti-urbanism
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5375:Urban culture
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5365:Urban studies
5363:
5361:
5360:Urban warfare
5358:
5356:
5353:
5352:
5350:
5348:
5344:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5321:
5318:
5317:
5316:
5313:
5312:
5310:
5308:
5304:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5216:
5213:
5212:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5187:
5185:
5183:
5179:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5157:Urban renewal
5155:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5122:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5087:
5085:
5083:
5079:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5051:
5048:
5047:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5037:
5035:
5033:
5029:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5001:
4998:
4997:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4944:
4941:
4940:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4933:Commuter town
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4897:
4894:
4893:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4883:
4881:
4879:
4875:
4871:
4864:
4859:
4857:
4852:
4850:
4845:
4844:
4841:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4815:
4805:
4802:
4799:
4796:
4792:
4788:
4786:1-899246-07-X
4782:
4778:
4773:
4769:
4767:1-85285-388-3
4763:
4759:
4754:
4753:
4746:
4743:
4740:
4736:
4734:0-7153-8839-8
4730:
4726:
4721:
4717:
4713:
4709:
4707:0-19-504983-7
4703:
4699:
4695:
4694:
4689:
4685:
4681:
4679:1-85414-275-5
4675:
4670:
4669:
4662:
4659:
4655:
4652:
4648:
4636:
4632:
4630:1-904915-00-0
4626:
4622:
4621:
4615:
4611:
4609:0-7110-1720-4
4605:
4601:
4597:
4592:
4589:
4585:
4581:
4579:0-9529184-0-4
4575:
4571:
4566:
4563:
4559:
4556:
4553:
4549:
4544:
4541:
4537:
4534:
4530:
4527:
4523:
4522:
4518:
4501:
4499:0-9779236-4-9
4495:
4491:
4490:
4482:
4467:
4463:
4457:
4450:
4445:
4437:
4431:
4423:
4416:
4409:
4403:
4398:
4391:
4390:
4385:
4384:
4379:
4373:
4365:
4361:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4326:
4318:
4316:0-89789-615-7
4312:
4308:
4307:
4299:
4291:
4289:0-8077-4381-X
4285:
4281:
4280:
4272:
4264:
4262:0-7425-1619-9
4258:
4254:
4253:
4245:
4238:
4233:
4226:
4221:
4214:
4213:0-8133-3952-9
4210:
4206:
4201:
4193:
4192:
4185:
4179:
4174:
4167:
4163:
4160:
4155:
4140:
4136:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4116:
4109:
4102:
4096:
4080:
4076:
4070:
4054:
4048:
4030:
4024:
4006:
4000:
3993:
3988:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3958:
3943:
3939:
3933:
3917:
3913:
3907:
3891:
3887:
3881:
3874:
3868:
3861:
3856:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3826:
3817:
3808:
3801:
3795:
3788:
3782:
3775:
3769:
3761:
3754:
3739:
3735:
3729:
3722:
3716:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3689:
3680:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3666:
3661:
3654:
3639:
3635:
3629:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3599:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3564:
3548:
3544:
3543:History.co.uk
3540:
3534:
3527:
3522:
3515:
3510:
3503:
3498:
3492:, p. 43.
3491:
3486:
3484:
3476:
3471:
3469:
3461:
3456:
3449:
3444:
3436:
3434:1-870630-11-4
3430:
3426:
3422:
3415:
3408:
3397:
3395:9780521356510
3391:
3387:
3386:
3378:
3371:
3360:
3358:9780643104747
3354:
3350:
3349:
3341:
3325:
3321:
3315:
3313:
3304:
3300:
3294:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3271:(3): 313–46.
3270:
3266:
3259:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3216:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3187:Urban History
3181:
3174:
3169:
3167:
3158:
3154:
3147:
3139:
3138:Bloomberg.com
3135:
3128:
3121:
3116:
3110:
3105:
3098:
3097:
3091:
3076:
3072:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3044:
3038:
3022:
3016:
3000:
2994:
2978:
2972:
2956:
2950:
2942:
2936:
2932:
2931:
2923:
2915:
2913:9780415252256
2909:
2905:
2898:
2891:
2888:Garreau, J.,
2885:
2881:
2867:
2863:
2857:
2853:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2811:Microdistrict
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2762:
2757:
2756:
2751:
2750:
2745:
2744:
2743:Knots Landing
2739:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2722:
2721:The Good Life
2716:
2714:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2696:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2678:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2656:
2651:
2648:
2645:The American
2643:
2641:
2637:
2636:
2630:
2628:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2614:
2613:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2598:
2597:French cinema
2594:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2555:
2546:
2543:
2528:
2525:
2517:
2506:
2503:
2499:
2496:
2492:
2489:
2485:
2482:
2478:
2475: –
2474:
2470:
2469:Find sources:
2463:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2447:This article
2445:
2441:
2436:
2435:
2426:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2388:This article
2386:
2377:
2376:
2371:
2369:
2362:
2361:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2336:
2335:
2324:
2320:
2319:United States
2316:
2312:
2311:homeownership
2308:
2301:
2290:
2287:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2261:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2227:
2224:
2209:
2206:
2198:
2195:December 2021
2187:
2184:
2180:
2177:
2173:
2170:
2166:
2163:
2159:
2156: –
2155:
2151:
2150:Find sources:
2144:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2128:This section
2126:
2122:
2117:
2116:
2107:
2104:
2096:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2070:
2063:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2046:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2013:
2012:
2007:Traffic flows
2004:
2002:
1998:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1966:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1886:plots of land
1883:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1871:single-family
1869:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1785:Mesa, Arizona
1782:
1780:
1776:
1775:San Francisco
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1753:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1734:
1730:
1727:
1723:
1717:United States
1714:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1693:
1684:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1657:Simpang Pulai
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1629:Penang Island
1626:
1622:
1618:
1617:Petaling Jaya
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1554:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1528:the periphery
1524:
1519:
1518:inner suburbs
1514:
1512:
1508:
1507:asentamientos
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1491:"lost cities"
1487:
1483:
1479:
1467:
1464:
1456:
1453:December 2021
1446:
1442:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1422:This section
1420:
1416:
1411:
1410:
1405:Latin America
1402:
1400:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1369:
1360:
1357:
1349:
1344:
1335:
1333:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1272:
1267:
1261:
1257:
1254:as seen from
1253:
1248:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1162:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1141:
1139:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1058:
1049:
1045:
1043:
1037:
1035:
1029:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1006:
1004:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
970:
965:
961:
959:
955:
951:
943:
939:
935:
934:tract housing
930:
923:
919:
915:
911:
902:
899:
895:
885:
883:
879:
875:
870:
869:New York City
866:
859:
854:
848:
843:
836:
831:
825:North America
822:
819:
814:
812:
808:
807:Tudor Revival
804:
800:
796:
792:
791:semi-detached
786:
784:
780:
776:
772:
767:
764:
759:
757:
756:Edwin Lutyens
753:
752:Raymond Unwin
749:
745:
744:Golders Green
741:
737:
733:
730:
726:
722:
708:
704:
695:
693:
689:
685:
681:
676:
674:
670:
669:Rickmansworth
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
645:
643:
637:
635:
631:
627:
623:
617:
615:
611:
603:
598:
594:
592:
588:
584:
579:
568:
566:
562:
557:
555:
551:
547:
542:
540:
536:
532:
528:
520:Early history
517:
515:
514:urban history
509:
499:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
476:
468:
464:
460:
451:
448:
446:
441:
439:
435:
431:
427:
426:United States
420:North America
417:
415:
411:
408:in Auckland,
407:
403:
399:
398:Inner suburbs
394:
390:
387:). The terms
386:
377:
372:
363:
360:
355:
351:
350:
344:
338:
332:
326:
322:
312:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
284:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
257:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
222:
218:
214:
213:suburban area
210:
203:
199:
198:city planning
195:
191:
187:
183:
178:
171:
167:
163:
159:
152:
147:
140:
136:
132:
125:
121:
117:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
90:New York City
87:
86:inner suburbs
83:
79:
75:
71:
70:Nassau County
65:
54:
43:
39:
35:
30:
19:
5511:
5471:Urban forest
5355:New Urbanism
5252:Sector model
5237:Urban design
5130:Modern ruins
5072:Capital city
5045:Municipality
5022:College town
4980:Urbanization
4902:
4803:
4794:
4776:
4751:
4741:
4724:
4696:. New York:
4691:
4667:
4657:
4650:
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4635:the original
4619:
4595:
4587:
4569:
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4511:Bibliography
4487:
4481:
4469:. Retrieved
4466:Fremeaux.com
4465:
4456:
4444:
4421:
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4397:
4387:
4381:
4376:Yen, Hope. "
4372:
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4190:
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4173:
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4122:
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4079:The Atlantic
4078:
4069:
4057:. Retrieved
4047:
4035:. Retrieved
4023:
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3999:
3987:
3975:. Retrieved
3971:the original
3966:
3957:
3945:. Retrieved
3941:
3932:
3920:. Retrieved
3915:
3906:
3894:. Retrieved
3889:
3880:
3872:
3867:
3855:
3843:. Retrieved
3839:the original
3834:
3825:
3816:
3807:
3799:
3794:
3786:
3781:
3773:
3768:
3759:
3753:
3741:. Retrieved
3737:
3728:
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3694:
3688:
3669:
3663:
3653:
3641:. Retrieved
3637:
3628:
3616:. Retrieved
3612:the original
3608:Hgstrust.org
3607:
3598:
3573:
3569:
3563:
3551:. Retrieved
3547:the original
3542:
3533:
3521:
3509:
3502:Jackson 1986
3497:
3475:Jackson 1986
3460:Jackson 1986
3455:
3448:Jackson 1986
3443:
3420:
3414:
3406:
3399:. Retrieved
3384:
3377:
3369:
3362:. Retrieved
3347:
3340:
3328:. Retrieved
3302:
3293:
3268:
3264:
3258:
3225:
3221:
3215:
3190:
3186:
3180:
3173:Jackson 1985
3156:
3146:
3137:
3127:
3119:
3115:
3109:"suburb, n."
3104:
3095:
3090:
3078:. Retrieved
3074:
3047:. Retrieved
3037:
3025:. Retrieved
3015:
3003:. Retrieved
2993:
2981:. Retrieved
2971:
2959:. Retrieved
2949:
2929:
2922:
2903:
2897:
2889:
2884:
2856:
2765:
2759:
2753:
2747:
2741:
2731:
2725:
2719:
2717:
2703:
2693:
2677:Subdivisions
2675:
2660:Little Boxes
2653:
2644:
2633:
2631:
2620:
2610:
2607:Jacques Tati
2600:
2595:
2582:
2574:
2566:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2538:
2520:
2511:
2501:
2494:
2487:
2480:
2468:
2456:Please help
2451:verification
2448:
2420:
2390:may contain
2389:
2365:
2358:
2352:
2351:Please help
2348:
2288:
2284:
2267:direct route
2264:
2257:
2255:of streets.
2236:
2234:
2219:
2201:
2192:
2182:
2175:
2168:
2161:
2149:
2137:Please help
2132:verification
2129:
2099:
2090:
2066:
2042:
2035:
2029:
2028:Please help
2025:
1994:
1967:
1963:
1948:grid pattern
1918:Subdivisions
1900:non-Hispanic
1875:
1865:
1825:
1783:
1756:
1749:
1745:white flight
1741:white people
1738:
1731:in suburban
1699:
1690:
1649:Pasir Gudang
1625:Kuala Lumpur
1593:Klang Valley
1590:
1585:Kuala Lumpur
1558:rural exodus
1547:food deserts
1527:
1515:
1474:
1459:
1450:
1435:Please help
1423:
1399:urban sprawl
1396:
1383:public order
1377:
1375:
1366:
1353:
1331:
1329:
1301:
1290:
1286:Montréal CMA
1275:
1202:
1193:Olympic Park
1184:
1178:
1150:Bishopscourt
1142:
1122:
1114:Johannesburg
1103:
1085:
1082:inner cities
1078:
1046:
1038:
1030:
1026:
1007:
1003:white flight
974:Philadelphia
966:
962:
954:World War II
947:
922:Philadelphia
891:
878:New Rochelle
863:
818:Harrow Weald
815:
811:chalet style
787:
768:
760:
718:
687:
683:
677:
665:Wembley Park
646:
638:
618:
607:
587:quarter-acre
574:
558:
543:
530:
523:
511:
474:
472:
449:
444:
442:
433:
423:
406:Eden Terrace
393:outer suburb
392:
389:inner suburb
388:
381:
378:in Australia
347:
318:
285:
265:urban sprawl
258:
254:white flight
250:neighborhood
245:
230:central city
212:
208:
206:
172:, Bangladesh
29:
5409:Environment
5297:Walkability
5282:Cyclability
5215:Green space
5167:Habitat III
5135:Shanty town
5120:Urban decay
5095:Global city
5040:City status
5017:Closed city
4970:Megalopolis
4950:Conurbation
4938:City proper
4918:Twin cities
4891:City centre
4449:Boyd (1960)
4389:Yahoo! News
4342:(1): 1–12.
4085:25 February
4059:25 February
4037:15 December
4013:15 December
3743:12 December
3576:: 151–174.
3514:Rowley 2006
3330:17 December
3080:29 December
3049:28 November
3027:28 November
3005:28 November
2983:28 November
2961:30 November
2836:Subdivision
2727:Butterflies
2700:Arcade Fire
2695:The Suburbs
2581:(1937), or
2575:Ma banlieue
2276:cycle paths
2093:August 2016
1933:strip malls
1793:Minneapolis
1735:, Louisiana
1733:New Orleans
1661:Kota Melaka
1641:Johor Bahru
1633:Butterworth
1613:Subang Jaya
1597:conurbation
1513:of Brazil.
1495:campamentos
1493:in Mexico,
1478:Guadalajara
1282:Calgary CMA
1252:Mississauga
1042:green belts
978:Los Angeles
942:culs-de-sac
714: 1870
686:became the
649:World War I
565:countryside
529:. The word
527:market town
352:appears in
184:suburbs of
120:Weilerswist
74:Long Island
5534:Categories
5486:Urban park
5421:Eco-cities
5272:Smart city
5222:Urban wild
5062:City-state
4995:Ghost town
4960:Metropolis
4886:Urban area
4620:Metro-Land
3947:24 January
3738:Let.rug.nl
3526:Green 2004
3490:Green 1987
3425:Bloomsbury
3157:Planetizen
2876:References
2761:The 'Burbs
2738:stir crazy
2672:conformist
2650:Bill Owens
2619:(1961) or
2579:Reda Caire
2484:newspapers
2392:irrelevant
2354:improve it
2274:, possess
2165:newspapers
2031:improve it
1926:segregated
1837:Sacramento
1821:Chesapeake
1813:Cincinnati
1809:Pittsburgh
1759:automobile
1681:Anak Bukit
1677:Alor Setar
1673:Petra Jaya
1665:Ayer Keroh
1605:shophouses
1587:, Malaysia
1497:in Chile,
1221:Bangladesh
1199:Bangladesh
1146:Constantia
1034:Naperville
736:Letchworth
707:Mock Tudor
688:Metro-land
680:Metro-land
602:Metro-Land
578:Birmingham
537:statesman
469:in Ireland
400:, such as
321:Old French
234:inner city
102:New Jersey
5565:Squatting
5242:Grid plan
5150:Squatting
5012:Tent city
5007:Lost city
4928:Edge city
4913:Core city
4600:Ian Allan
4471:2 January
4364:143677128
4356:0362-3319
3922:9 October
3896:9 October
3672:: 83–98.
3643:2 January
3638:Bbc.co.uk
3618:2 January
3590:143590157
3553:2 January
3285:144947126
3242:0021-8723
3207:146703204
2801:Ethnoburb
2796:Boomburbs
2767:Disturbia
2690:Ben Folds
2668:bourgeois
2602:Mon oncle
2591:Léo Ferré
2407:citations
2360:talk page
2323:Australia
2313:. In the
2293:Criticism
2081:talk page
2037:talk page
1944:hierarchy
1882:densities
1861:Las Vegas
1849:Milwaukee
1845:Baltimore
1843:, Miami,
1805:St. Louis
1797:Cleveland
1767:subsidies
1706:commuting
1562:SĂŁo Paulo
1523:periferia
1501:in Peru,
1499:barriadas
1482:Monterrey
1424:does not
1363:Hong Kong
1313:Vancouver
1156:Australia
1086:banlieues
1060:Mid-rise
1052:Worldwide
1010:FHA loans
998:redlining
958:G.I. Bill
898:Levittown
874:Scarsdale
856:Suburban
845:Suburban
837:, in 1954
636:in 1880.
630:Middlesex
550:Dong Zhuo
531:suburbani
362:is used.
331:suburbium
221:commuting
153:, Finland
141:, Finland
126:, Germany
5347:Urbanism
5267:Land use
5140:Skid row
4965:Megacity
4896:Downtown
4716:11785435
4690:(1985).
4641:22 April
4430:cite web
4162:Archived
3977:27 April
3845:27 April
3401:26 March
3324:Archived
2806:Faubourg
2774:See also
2655:Suburbia
2638:(1952),
2629:(1967).
2609:(1958),
2583:Banlieue
2573:(1936),
2565:(1933),
2514:May 2019
2473:"Suburb"
2423:May 2019
2411:reliable
2154:"Suburb"
2075:You may
1997:Hispanic
1990:gridlock
1904:Hispanic
1868:detached
1827:Dallas,
1572:Malaysia
1566:BrasĂlia
1401:effect.
1321:Edmonton
1317:Montréal
1236:Canadian
1217:Americas
1070:banlieue
803:Art Deco
754:and Sir
626:the City
496:Tallaght
488:Guiseley
359:suburbes
325:subburbe
135:Männistö
78:New York
5550:Suburbs
4742:Psalter
4144:24 June
4139:2562422
3875:, 1979.
3364:16 June
3250:4486372
3120:Psalter
2559:La Zone
2498:scholar
2272:detours
2179:scholar
1873:homes.
1853:Phoenix
1841:Atlanta
1833:Houston
1817:Norfolk
1726:Big box
1669:Kuching
1581:Bangsar
1553:favelas
1532:spatial
1511:favelas
1445:removed
1430:sources
1378:ex novo
1350:, China
1348:Beijing
1332:unicity
1325:Calgary
1260:Toronto
1209:Ashulia
1110:Nairobi
1018:trolley
986:Chicago
982:Detroit
905:Housing
661:Neasden
610:transit
554:Luoyang
502:History
484:Bromley
424:In the
410:Prahran
277:borough
269:Morocco
261:annexed
200:of the
182:Swedish
124:Cologne
18:Suburbs
5227:Zoning
5125:Ghetto
4943:limits
4903:Suburb
4870:Cities
4783:
4764:
4731:
4714:
4704:
4676:
4653:(2004)
4627:
4606:
4576:
4496:
4362:
4354:
4313:
4286:
4259:
4211:
4137:
3918:. 2021
3892:. 2021
3723:(2006)
3588:
3431:
3392:
3355:
3283:
3248:
3240:
3205:
2937:
2910:
2563:Fréhel
2500:
2493:
2486:
2479:
2471:
2280:sprawl
2237:within
2181:
2174:
2167:
2160:
2152:
1898:(both
1896:whites
1880:Lower
1829:Denver
1787:, and
1777:, and
1687:Russia
1675:) and
1645:Skudai
1387:exurbs
1227:Canada
1215:&
1213:Europe
1207:&
1205:Uttara
1185:suburb
1170:Sydney
1129:Soweto
1116:, and
1100:Africa
996:laws,
994:zoning
988:, and
865:Boston
858:Dallas
642:Pinner
634:Harrow
539:Cicero
494:, and
486:, and
480:Ealing
475:suburb
445:suburb
434:suburb
430:Canada
414:Ultimo
402:Te Aro
307:, and
281:exurbs
246:suburb
209:suburb
194:Akalla
192:, and
166:Uttara
151:Kuopio
139:Kuopio
82:sprawl
40:, and
4908:Exurb
4418:(PDF)
4360:S2CID
4135:JSTOR
4032:(PDF)
4008:(PDF)
3586:S2CID
3281:S2CID
3246:JSTOR
3203:S2CID
2957:. NPR
2848:Notes
2781:Exurb
2755:Weeds
2662:" by
2571:Damia
2505:JSTOR
2491:books
2186:JSTOR
2172:books
2083:, or
2001:Asian
1984:, or
1955:story
1912:black
1801:Tampa
1771:Miami
1739:Many
1609:Klang
1393:Japan
1372:Italy
1338:China
1118:Lagos
1106:Cairo
1074:Paris
795:Shaws
659:near
535:Roman
190:Kista
186:Husby
170:Dhaka
162:RAJUK
106:exurb
5540:City
5145:Slum
4781:ISBN
4762:ISBN
4729:ISBN
4712:OCLC
4702:ISBN
4674:ISBN
4643:2012
4625:ISBN
4604:ISBN
4574:ISBN
4494:ISBN
4473:2018
4436:link
4352:ISSN
4311:ISBN
4284:ISBN
4257:ISBN
4209:ISBN
4146:2023
4087:2013
4061:2013
4039:2018
4015:2018
3979:2017
3949:2022
3924:2021
3898:2021
3847:2017
3745:2021
3645:2018
3620:2018
3555:2018
3429:ISBN
3403:2021
3390:ISBN
3366:2019
3353:ISBN
3332:2012
3238:ISSN
3082:2012
3051:2023
3029:2023
3007:2023
2985:2023
2963:2023
2935:ISBN
2908:ISBN
2860:The
2831:Slum
2764:and
2752:and
2730:and
2682:Rush
2670:and
2477:news
2413:and
2321:and
2253:grid
2249:rail
2158:news
1999:and
1995:The
1653:Ipoh
1615:and
1428:any
1426:cite
1323:and
1164:The
1148:and
1068:, a
952:and
880:and
867:and
428:and
391:and
343:urbs
291:via
240:and
180:The
4386:at
4380:."
4344:doi
4127:doi
3703:doi
3674:doi
3578:doi
3273:doi
3230:doi
3195:doi
2688:by
2625:by
2615:by
2605:by
2585:by
2577:by
2569:by
2561:by
2460:by
2409:to
2245:bus
2141:by
1683:).
1667:),
1659:),
1651:),
1639:),
1623:of
1439:by
1258:in
1172:'s
1168:in
1125:RDP
1072:of
1064:in
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882:Rye
723:of
337:sub
295:or
232:or
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