84:
278:
326:, who states that Sukhra "was in charge of government of the kingdom and the management of affairs ... he people came to Sukhra and undertook all their dealings with him, treating Kavad as a person of no importance and regarding his commands with contempt." Numerous regions and the representatives of the elite paid tribute to Sukhra not to Kavad. Sukhra controlled the royal treasury and the Iranian military. In 493, Kavad, having reached adulthood, wanted to put an end to Sukhra's dominance, and had him exiled to his native
297:, where the nobles "received him with great honor, extolled his feats, and raised him to a lofty status such as none but kings were able to attain after him" Balash was thereafter crowned as the new king of the empire. However, he proved unpopular among the nobility and clergy who had him deposed after just four years in 488. Sukhra, who had played a key role in Balash's deposition, appointed Peroz I's young son
338:, a powerful nobleman from the House of Mihran, and a resolute opponent of Sukhra. Shapur, at the head of an army of his own men and disgruntled nobles, marched to Shiraz, defeated Sukhra's forces, and imprisoned him in Ctesiphon. Even in prison, Sukhra was considered too powerful and was executed. This caused displeasure among some prominent members of the nobility weakening Kavad's status as shah.
28:
263:
However, his words did not discourage Sukhra, who then marched against
Khushnavaz, and inflicted a heavy defeat on his men. Khushnavaz thereafter sued for peace, which Sukhra would only accept if he would give him everything Khushnavaz had seized from Peroz I's camp, which included his treasuries,
259:
got informed of his plan to attack him, and quickly prepared his men for war. He then sent a message to Sukhra "asking him about his intentions and enquiring what his name and his official position were." Sukhra shortly sent a message back to
Khushnavaz, informing him about his name and position.
182:
When he returned from his campaign, he was praised by the
Sasanian nobles, and Balash was elected as king. However, it was in reality Sukhra that had control over the empire. In 488, Sukhra had Balash deposed and installed Peroz I's son Kavad I as the new king. However, Sukhra still remained the
333:
Alarmed by the thought that Sukhra might rebel, Kavad wanted to get rid of him completely. He lacked the manpower to do so, however, as the army was controlled by Sukhra and the
Sasanians relied mainly on the military of the Seven Great Houses of Iran. He found his solution in
313:
Even after the ascension of a new
Sasanian king, Sukhra still possessed a massive amount of power. The young and inexperienced Kavad was tutored by Sukhra during his first five years as shah. During this period, Kavad was a mere
372:. Zarmihr Karen, along with Sukhra's other son Karin, aided Khosrow I in his war against the Turks. As a reward for their aid, Zarmihr Karen was rewarded with land in
183:
power behind the throne. In 493, Kavad I had Sukhra exiled to Shiraz in order to minimize his power. Fearful of rebellion, Kavad I asked for the assistance of
179:, which seized much of the empire's eastern territory. Sukhra then avenged Peroz I by invading Hephthalite territory and inflicting a major defeat on them.
396:
330:
in southwestern Iran. Even in exile, however, Sukhra was in control of everything except the kingly crown. He bragged about having put Kavad on the throne.
696:
236:
installed as viceroy, and Sukhra appointed as his minister. Peroz I, however, suffered a major defeat to the
Hephthalites and was killed at the
711:
706:
657:
585:
358:, was appointed as the minister of the empire, and continued serve under the office during the reign of Kavad's successor,
676:
625:
251:
Sukhra then set out to avenge his death, and took the majority of the
Sasanian army with him; when he reached
716:
726:
686:
245:
98:
731:
701:
649:
Decline and Fall of the
Sasanian Empire: The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran
617:
596:
346:
Even after Sukhra's death, his family still possessed much power within the
Sasanian Empire. His son,
213:
55:
691:
260:
Khushnavaz thereafter sent another message, warning him of doing the same mistake as Peroz I.
580:. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.
237:
175:) of the empire. Peroz I was defeated and killed the same year during a campaign against the
721:
8:
681:
577:
The
History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume V: The Sāsānids, the Byzantines, the Lakhmids, and Yemen
27:
613:
The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 3(1): The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods
282:
229:
176:
636:
653:
621:
581:
381:
217:
159:
51:
277:
647:
611:
607:
575:
221:
209:
171:
140:
126:
88:
571:
388:
130:
71:
350:, helped Kavad in 488 to reclaim the Sasanian throne from his younger brother
670:
412:
347:
335:
184:
163:
606:
Frye, R. N. (1983). "The political history of Iran under the Sasanians". In
308:
595:
Chaumont, M. L.; Schippmann, K. (1988). "Balāš, Sasanian king of kings".
404:
429:
427:
377:
373:
369:
355:
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271:
256:
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323:
302:
294:
286:
241:
188:
67:
33:
424:
187:, who defeated Sukhra's loyalists, and had him captured and sent to
169:
He first appears in 484, when Peroz I appoints him as the minister (
408:
319:
135:
364:
351:
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225:
155:
147:
327:
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151:
47:
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521:
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144:
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After his victory, he returned to the Sasanian capital of
516:
504:
471:
439:
403:
during the reign of Khosrow I. A descendant of Sukhra,
309:
Reign of Kavad I and Sukhra's fall from power and death
274:. Khushnavaz accepted his demands, and peace was made.
158:(r. 488-496). He is often confused with his father
143:from 484 to 493. He was active during the reign of
594:
531:
433:
668:
354:. In the same year, one of Sukhra's other sons,
635:Schindel, Nikolaus (2013). "KAWĀD I i. Reign".
305:(d. 1030), Sukhra was Kavad's maternal uncle.
645:
525:
510:
498:
486:
448:
200:The death of Peroz I and the reign of Balash
322:ruler of the empire. This is emphasized by
26:
220:, a Sasanian commander who was active in
638:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. XVI, Fasc. 2
634:
598:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 6
570:
465:
376:, while Karin was rewarded with land in
276:
228:, before invading the territory of the
697:People executed by the Sasanian Empire
669:
384:, which ruled until the 11th-century.
362:(r. 531–579). He thereafter served as
301:as the new shah of Iran. According to
652:. London and New York: I.B. Tauris.
605:
537:
248:before his appointment as minister.
13:
270:) of the empire, and his daughter
208:in the administrative division of
14:
743:
558:Pourshariati (2008), pp. 273-274
82:
646:Pourshariati, Parvaneh (2008).
552:
712:Sasanian governors of Sakastan
707:Viziers of the Sasanian Empire
543:
434:Chaumont & Schippmann 1988
1:
418:
244:, Sukhra was the governor of
368:under Khosrow I's successor
194:
7:
549:Pourshariati (2008), p. 113
10:
748:
677:5th-century Iranian people
618:Cambridge University Press
564:
341:
191:, where he was executed.
94:
77:
61:
41:
25:
18:
318:, whilst Sukhra was the
99:Hephthalite–Persian Wars
255:, the Hephthalite king
407:, was the governor of
290:
280:
717:Shahnameh characters
411:during the reign of
380:, thus starting the
281:Sukhra fighting the
727:Generals of Kavad I
687:Generals of Peroz I
641:. pp. 136–141.
601:. pp. 574–580.
468:, pp. 136–141.
436:, pp. 574–580.
216:—he was the son of
204:Sukhra was born in
154:(r. 484 – 488) and
732:Generals of Balash
702:People from Shiraz
291:
264:the chief priest (
232:, had his brother
230:Hephthalite Empire
177:Hephthalite Empire
129:nobleman from the
659:978-1-84511-645-3
587:978-0-7914-4355-2
526:Pourshariati 2008
511:Pourshariati 2008
501:, pp. 79–80.
499:Pourshariati 2008
487:Pourshariati 2008
449:Pourshariati 2008
382:Qarinvand dynasty
218:Zarmihr Hazarwuxt
210:Ardashir-Khwarrah
160:Zarmihr Hazarwuxt
104:
103:
52:Ardashir-Khwarrah
739:
663:
642:
631:
608:Yarshater, Ehsan
602:
591:
559:
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87:
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30:
16:
15:
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572:Bosworth, C. E.
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344:
311:
240:. According to
238:battle of Herat
202:
197:
172:wuzurg framadār
141:Sasanian Empire
89:Sasanian Empire
83:
81:
66:
46:
37:
21:
12:
11:
5:
745:
735:
734:
729:
724:
719:
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709:
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699:
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692:House of Karen
689:
684:
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665:
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658:
643:
632:
626:
603:
592:
586:
574:, ed. (1999).
566:
563:
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551:
542:
540:, p. 150.
530:
515:
503:
491:
470:
453:
438:
422:
420:
417:
415:(r. 632–651).
391:served as the
389:Simah-i Burzin
343:
340:
310:
307:
201:
198:
196:
193:
150:(r. 457-484),
133:, who was the
131:House of Karen
109:(also spelled
102:
101:
96:
92:
91:
79:
75:
74:
63:
59:
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43:
39:
38:
32:Sukhra in the
31:
23:
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9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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629:
627:0-521-20092-X
623:
619:
616:. Cambridge:
615:
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583:
579:
578:
573:
569:
568:
555:
546:
539:
534:
528:, p. 81.
527:
522:
520:
513:, p. 80.
512:
507:
500:
495:
489:, p. 79.
488:
483:
481:
479:
477:
475:
467:
466:Schindel 2013
462:
460:
458:
451:, p. 78.
450:
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430:
428:
423:
416:
414:
413:Yazdegerd III
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
387:Sukhra's son
385:
383:
379:
375:
371:
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361:
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353:
349:
348:Zarmihr Karen
339:
337:
336:Shapur of Ray
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185:Shapur of Ray
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164:Zarmihr Karen
161:
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149:
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139:ruler of the
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53:
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44:
40:
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29:
24:
17:
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612:
597:
576:
554:
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506:
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392:
386:
363:
345:
332:
312:
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283:Hephthalites
265:
262:
250:
203:
181:
170:
168:
134:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
105:
95:Battles/wars
722:450s births
405:Burzin Shah
45:5th-century
682:493 deaths
671:Categories
419:References
378:Tabaristan
374:Zabulistan
370:Hormizd IV
356:Bozorgmehr
316:figurehead
272:Perozdukht
257:Khushnavaz
224:. In 484,
78:Allegiance
538:Frye 1983
360:Khosrow I
324:al-Tabari
303:Miskawayh
295:Ctesiphon
287:Shahnameh
242:al-Tabari
195:Biography
189:Ctesiphon
125:) was an
123:Sarafra'i
72:Asoristan
68:Ctesiphon
34:Shahnameh
409:Nishapur
401:Khorasan
320:de facto
246:Sakastan
162:and son
136:de facto
610:(ed.).
565:Sources
395:of the
393:spahbed
365:spahbed
352:Djamasp
299:Kavad I
285:in the
226:Peroz I
222:Armenia
156:Kavad I
148:Peroz I
127:Iranian
119:Surkhab
111:Sufaray
656:
624:
584:
342:Legacy
328:Shiraz
267:mowbed
253:Gorgan
234:Balash
206:Shiraz
152:Balash
115:Sufray
107:Sukhra
48:Shiraz
20:Sukhra
654:ISBN
622:ISBN
582:ISBN
397:kust
214:Pars
145:shah
62:Died
56:Pars
42:Born
399:of
212:in
65:493
673::
620:.
518:^
473:^
456:^
441:^
426:^
166:.
121:,
117:,
113:,
70:,
54:,
50:,
662:.
630:.
590:.
289:.
36:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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