290:). They quickly advanced on Yang Prefecture and seized the food supplies that Yang Xingmi had brought to Yang Prefecture during his recent siege against Qin Yan and Bi, and they put Yang Prefecture under siege. However, with Qin Zongquan recently having been defeated by Zhu Quanzhong, Qin Zongheng was ordered by Qin Zongquan to return to Cai Prefecture to aid Qin Zongquan and tried to do so. Sun, believing that Qin Zongquan was nearing defeat, refused to do so. Upon further orders by Qin Zongheng to prepare to do so, Sun killed him and took over the army. Qin Zongheng's officer An Renyi (
498:) region, seized Su Prefecture and sent food aid to Yang. Yang, nevertheless, in fear of Sun's much larger army, considered abandoning Xuan in spring 892. At Liu Wei's and Li Shenfu's urging that doing so would mean disaster and that he should wear Sun's forces out by defending Xuan, he remained at Xuan and defended it. Further, at the suggestion of Dai Yougui (
311:) laid against them that they were in communications with Zhu and were encouraging him to attack Sun, killed Qin Yan and Bi. Meanwhile, Yang Xingmi, believing that he could not contend with Sun for control of Yang Prefecture at this point, began to evacuate his own troops back to his original base at Lu Prefecture (廬州, in modern
512:
and Yang received news of this, Yang decided to make one decisive raid against Sun's camp. On July 3, with it raining hard at the time and the sky dark, Yang launched his attack, crushing Sun's forces. Tian captured Sun, and Yang beheaded Sun and sent his head to the imperial capital Chang'an. Liu
507:
Sun put Xuan
Prefecture under siege, but with all of his forces at Xuan, Yang's officers retook Chang and Run Prefectures. Yang then repeatedly defeated Sun in battles, while Zhang Xun cut off Sun's food supply routes. Sun was forced to send out some of his forces, under Liu Jianfeng and Ma Yin, to
160:, for control of Luoyang. It was said that while Li initially abandoned Luoyang after running out of food supplies, Sun only occupied Luoyang for about a month, before burning the palaces, government offices, and houses, and leaving Luoyang after plundering it, allowing Li to again occupy Luoyang.
468:
Meanwhile, as Sun had previously feared, Zhu
Quanzhong and Yang Xingmi entered into a pact against him, but by this point, encouraged by his own battlefield successes, he decided to pool his forces together and destroy Yang first before heading back north to face Zhu, so he burned Yang Prefecture,
369:), Pang withdrew. Still, fearing a joint attack by Zhu and Yang, Sun sought peaceful relations with Zhu, and Zhu initially agreed; at Zhu's recommendation, Emperor Zhaozong named Sun the military governor of Huainan, but soon thereafter, Zhu broke off the relations and killed Sun's emissaries.
226:. Upon hearing of Qin's defeat, most of the officers he sent to the various surrounding regions abandoned their posts and fled. Sun also abandoned Heyang, and it was said that he slaughtered its people and burned its houses. Heyang Circuit came under the joint control of Li and Zhang.
355:), whom Yang left in charge of Lu, surrendered it. Meanwhile, in late 889, Zhu Quanzhong, who had been named the military governor of Huainan by the imperial government in addition to the circuits that he already held, sent his officer
479:
then entered and took Yang
Prefecture, tried to intercept him at Guangde (廣德, in modern Xuancheng), but Sun surrounded Yang's camp and put it under siege; only through the efforts of Yang's officer Li Jian
469:
forced the adults to cross the
Yangtze River south, and slaughtered the old and the young, while taking all of his troops and again headed toward Xuan Prefecture. Yang Xingmi, whose officers Zhang Xun (
504:), Yang sent the refugees from Yang Prefecture back to Yang Prefecture, hoping that if they settled back in, the news would destroy the morale among Sun's soldiers by making them miss Yang Prefecture.
437:, were defeated when they tried to attack Sun there. However, in summer 891, floods greatly damaged Sun's camp, and Sun withdrew back to Yang Prefecture. However, he sent his officers Kang Wang (
305:) to flee to Yang Xingmi. However, Sun then began to strip Qin Yan and Bi of their troops, in spring 888, Sun, believing in accusations that Qin Yan's and Bi's subordinate Tang Hong (
319:), and when Sun finally attacked Yang Prefecture in summer 888, he captured it fairly easily as Yang Xingmi fled. Sun thereafter claimed the title of military governor of Huainan.
140:. As of late 884, Qin was sending a number of his officers to attack or seize territory around his. As part of Qin's campaigns, Sun seized Luoyang, Meng Prefecture (孟州, in modern
299:
Sun invited Qin Yan and Bi to join his army, and they did so. Together, they attacked and seized Gaoyou (高郵, in modern
Yangzhou), forcing Yang Xingmi's ally Zhang Shenjian (
756:
525:
region, he petitioned the imperial government to posthumously honor Sun and create Sun the Prince of Le'an. He also built a temple dedicated to Sun.
771:
396:). In fall 890, Sun, while himself attacking Run Prefecture, had Liu Jianfeng capture Chang Prefecture, killing Yang's subordinate Zhang Xingzhou (
274:) and Sun Ru southeast to try to wrest the control of Huainan from Yang Xingmi. (Serving under them were, among others, Liu Jianfeng, Zhang Ji (
408:). Upon hearing that Su had fallen, An Renyi, whom Yang had put in charge of Run Prefecture, abandoned it, and Sun took control of the region.
411:
In spring 891, Sun continued to pursue his campaign against Yang, pushing closer to Xuan
Prefecture and defeating Yang's forces under An and
741:
349:(Emperor Xizong's younger brother and successor). As he was doing so, Sun Ru attacked Lu Prefecture, and Yang's subordinate Cai Chou (
766:
218:
In summer 887, Qin gathered his forces and made an attempt to destroy Zhu once and for all, but was defeated by Zhu and his allies
189:. Sun then attacked and seized Heyang (河陽, in modern Luoyang), forcing the acting military governor of Heyang, Zhuge Zhongfang (
76:
156:), and Guo Prefecture (虢州, in modern Sanmenxia). In summer 885, however, he was again battling the Tang defender of Luoyang,
736:
63:. After Qin's defeat, he nominally submitted to Tang imperial authority and contended for control of the central-lower
705:
701:
697:
693:
665:
634:
611:
567:
122:
By 884, Huang had been defeated and killed, but Qin, who then controlled
Fengguo Circuit (奉國, headquartered in modern
761:
521:), allowing Yang to take control of the entire Huainan region. Years later, after Ma eventually took control of the
751:
731:
91:
It is not known when Sun Ru was born. His family was from Henan County, one of the two counties making up the
38:
681:
590:
242:) recently thrown into a state of confusion and war due to internecine battles between the military governor
513:
Jianfeng and Ma, hearing of the defeat, took the remnants and fled south to Hong
Prefecture (洪州, in modern
726:
108:
465:) Prefectures, respectively. However, Li Shenfu soon counterattacked and recaptured those prefectures.
195:), to flee to Daliang as well. Sun claimed the title of military governor of Heyang, but Tang generals
372:
At this time, Yang still held some of prefectures southeast of Yang
Prefecture—Chang (常州, in modern
746:
346:
402:). Around the new year 891, Sun further took Su Prefecture and killed Yang's subordinate Li You (
99:. At some point, he became a low-level officer at Zhongwu Circuit (忠武, headquartered in modern
137:
327:
Yang Xingmi, instead of returning to Lu
Prefecture, captured Xuan Prefecture (宣州, in modern
199:
and Li, in alliance with each other, stationed themselves at Huai Prefecture (懷州, in modern
8:
721:
365:) to attack Huainan, but after Sun defeated him in spring 890 at Lingting (陵亭, in modern
262:, among others, which resulted in a Yang Xingmi victory but the capital Yang Prefecture (
268:) and surrounding regions being laid waste, Qin Zongquan sent his brother Qin Zongheng (
80:
676:
585:
366:
543:
24:
688:
562:
715:
508:
pillage the surrounding areas for food. In summer 892, after Sun contracted
322:
64:
247:
196:
116:
92:
60:
56:
20:
450:
434:
255:
68:
486:) was Yang able to fight out of the siege. Meanwhile, another warlord,
476:
356:
112:
420:
416:
381:
373:
328:
259:
164:
163:
In late 886, Qin sent Sun to capture Zheng Prefecture (鄭州, in modern
157:
149:
123:
71:; he was eventually defeated by Yang and executed. His subordinate
514:
495:
491:
487:
412:
243:
235:
219:
208:
132:
55:), was a Chinese military general, rebel and politician during the
518:
509:
458:
393:
385:
377:
251:
239:
223:
200:
186:
178:
141:
100:
96:
546:
415:
multiple times, although his advances were briefly thwarted by
389:
281:
234:
In fall 887, with Huainan Circuit (淮南, headquartered in modern
212:
72:
59:. He initially served as a general under the pretender emperor
171:), and Sun did so, forcing the Tang prefect of Zheng, Li Fan (
522:
462:
454:
424:
332:
316:
312:
296:), instead of submitting to Sun, surrendered to Yang Xingmi.
204:
182:
168:
153:
145:
127:
104:
86:
111:. Later, during the rebellion by the major agrarian rebel
323:
Subsequent campaign against Yang Xingmi, defeat, and death
490:, then in control of the Hang Prefecture (杭州, in modern
757:
People executed by the Tang dynasty by decapitation
713:
341:); he was subsequently named the governor (觀察使,
215:), respectively, and continued to resist Sun.
499:
481:
470:
444:
438:
428:
403:
397:
360:
350:
336:
306:
300:
291:
285:
275:
269:
263:
229:
190:
172:
50:
419:. Sun advanced to Huangchi (黃池, in modern
185:), then under control of the Tang general
657:
655:
653:
651:
649:
647:
645:
643:
626:
624:
622:
620:
603:
601:
599:
557:
555:
87:Background and service under Qin Zongquan
772:Tang dynasty jiedushi of Huainan Circuit
580:
578:
576:
284:, and Qin Zongquan's cousin Qin Yanhui (
528:
136:), then became a rebel himself against
16:Chinese military general and politician
714:
640:
617:
596:
552:
107:), where he befriended fellow officer
77:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
573:
427:), and Yang's forces, under Liu Wei (
177:), to flee to Daliang (大梁, in modern
539:
537:
742:People executed by the Tang dynasty
335:), the capital of Xuanshe Circuit (
207:) and Ze Prefecture (澤州, in modern
13:
547:Chinese-Western Calendar Converter
148:), Shan Prefecture (陝州, in modern
115:, Sun served under the command of
45:; died July 3, 892), formally the
14:
783:
534:
767:Tang dynasty generals from Henan
75:was the eventual founder of the
42:
1:
449:) to seize He (和州, in modern
345:) of Xuanshe by then-emperor
433:) and Yang's brother-in-law
130:) as its military governor (
7:
10:
788:
737:Executed people from Henan
230:Seizure of Yang Prefecture
18:
500:
482:
471:
457:) and Chu (滁洲, in modern
445:
439:
429:
404:
398:
388:), and Su (蘇州, in modern
361:
351:
337:
307:
301:
292:
286:
276:
270:
264:
191:
173:
51:
762:Politicians from Luoyang
732:9th-century executions
380:), Run (潤州, in modern
138:Emperor Xizong of Tang
752:Qin Zongquan's state
529:Notes and references
246:and Gao's officers
727:9th-century births
443:) and An Jingsi (
779:
677:New Book of Tang
669:
659:
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586:New Book of Tang
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95:eastern capital
54:
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44:
787:
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747:Heyang jiedushi
712:
711:
672:
660:
641:
629:
618:
606:
597:
583:
574:
560:
553:
544:Academia Sinica
542:
535:
531:
325:
232:
89:
47:Prince of Le'an
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
785:
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774:
769:
764:
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749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
710:
709:
689:Zizhi Tongjian
685:
671:
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662:Zizhi Tongjian
639:
631:Zizhi Tongjian
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608:Zizhi Tongjian
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563:Zizhi Tongjian
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2:
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233:
217:
197:Zhang Quanyi
162:
131:
121:
117:Qin Zongquan
109:Liu Jianfeng
93:Tang dynasty
90:
67:region with
61:Qin Zongquan
57:Tang dynasty
46:
34:
33:
28:
21:Chinese name
435:Zhu Yanshou
256:Yang Xingmi
69:Yang Xingmi
25:family name
722:892 deaths
716:Categories
477:Li Decheng
357:Pang Shigu
343:Guanchashi
248:Lü Yongzhi
113:Huang Chao
417:Li Shenfu
382:Zhenjiang
374:Changzhou
329:Xuancheng
260:Bi Shiduo
165:Zhengzhou
158:Li Hanzhi
150:Sanmenxia
124:Zhumadian
692:, vols.
682:vol. 188
666:vol. 258
635:vol. 257
612:vol. 256
591:vol. 188
568:vol. 259
515:Nanchang
496:Zhejiang
492:Hangzhou
488:Qian Liu
413:Tian Jun
244:Gao Pian
236:Yangzhou
220:Zhu Xuan
209:Jincheng
133:Jiedushi
19:In this
519:Jiangxi
510:malaria
459:Chuzhou
394:Jiangsu
386:Jiangsu
378:Jiangsu
252:Qin Yan
240:Jiangsu
224:Zhu Jin
201:Jiaozuo
179:Kaifeng
142:Jiaozuo
101:Xuchang
97:Luoyang
39:Chinese
475:) and
451:Chaohu
390:Suzhou
282:Ma Yin
258:, and
213:Shanxi
79:state
73:Ma Yin
41::
35:Sun Ru
23:, the
523:Hunan
463:Anhui
455:Anhui
425:Anhui
333:Anhui
317:Anhui
313:Hefei
205:Henan
183:Henan
169:Henan
154:Henan
146:Henan
128:Henan
105:Henan
421:Wuhu
222:and
192:諸葛仲方
706:259
702:258
698:257
694:256
501:戴友規
446:安景思
399:張行周
362:龐師古
302:張神劍
293:安仁義
287:秦彥暉
280:),
271:秦宗衡
81:Chu
52:樂安王
29:Sun
27:is
718::
704:,
700:,
696:,
680:,
664:,
642:^
633:,
619:^
610:,
598:^
589:,
575:^
566:,
554:^
536:^
517:,
494:,
483:李簡
472:張訓
461:,
453:,
440:康暀
430:劉威
423:,
405:李友
392:,
384:,
376:,
352:蔡儔
338:宣歙
331:,
315:,
308:唐宏
277:張佶
265:揚州
254:,
250:,
238:,
211:,
203:,
181:,
174:李璠
167:,
152:,
144:,
126:,
119:.
103:,
83:.
43:孫儒
708:.
684:.
668:.
637:.
614:.
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570:.
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480:(
359:(
49:(
37:(
31:.
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