304:
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69:, was named "Kingston-type ware". Locally manufactured pottery and Kingston-type ware accounted for the majority of pottery being used in London from the late 13th century to the early 14th centuries. Small quantities of white-fired, sandy textured jugs, cooking pots and bowls also appeared during the mid-thirteenth century in London. The green-glazed earthenware with a coarse fabric resembled pottery being produced along the Surrey-Hampshire borders, and was later named "Coarse Border ware".
149:, the application of stamps or the marking of lines on an item with a comb. Stamped decoration is often found in Kingston-type ware and Coarse Border ware, but not Cheam whiteware. Other decorative techniques included the application of a bichrome glaze, yellow on the inside with a green exterior. The application of a glaze on the upper part of the pottery vessel was popular in the 13th century. The painting of simple decorations or lines was a common decorative technique.
107:
22:
157:
78:
57:
Border ware, and Cheam whiteware. Tudor Green ware is now viewed by scholars as a fourth, minor class. Surrey whitewares were later separated into two classes: the pottery produced in Cheam, known as "Cheam whiteware", and the pottery produced from kilns in the Surrey-Hampshire border area. This second group was referred to as "Coarse Border ware".
128:
glaze generally was crazed with a finish ranging from thin and uneven to thick and glossy. Glazes varied in colour from yellow to light green to dark green. Tudor Green ware glazes were crazed and finishes were thick and evenly distributed. Glaze colours were different shades of green and were typically mottled.
90:
surrounding areas during the 15th century. Tudor Green ware first appeared in the late 14th century. By the early 15th century, Tudor Green ware had grown in popularity and eventually outnumbered Coarse ware and Cheam whiteware use in London. Demand for Cheam whiteware declined by the end of the 15th century.
168:
Cheam white ware was primarily functional in nature, used primarily for vessels used for storage and drinking of liquids. Glaze was used sporadically on most pottery forms. The application of green or yellow glaze was generally applied to the upper half of the body, and internal glazing was common on
208:
Large jugs with cross-hatched engraving are a distinctive form of Coarse Border ware common in London in the late 13th to early 14th centuries. Cooking pots and bowls are also popular forms of Coarse Border ware. From the 14th to the mid-15th centuries, new types of pottery forms were being produced
164:
The primary market for Coarse Border ware was individual households; pottery items were generally used for preparing food. The pottery was typically simple, without decoration. Besides the application of a green glaze, horizontal bands and engraved lines are some of the simplest forms of decoration
127:
and usually varied in finish from thin and uneven to thick and glossy. Glaze colour could vary from green to dark green to brown. Course Border ware glaze was crazed, with a similar finish to
Kingston-type ware. The colour varied from light to dark green and was sometimes mottled. Cheam whiteware's
56:
Surrey whitewares were in widespread use in London during the late medieval era. The pottery was produced from a number of kilns in Surrey and along the Surrey-Hampshire border. Three major classifications of Surrey whitewares were identified by archaeologist Clive Orton: Kingston-type ware, Coarse
254:
Medieval pottery kiln sites were established in locations near the raw clay needed for manufacturing. Farnham was the hub of the flourishing Surrey pottery industry. Kingston upon Thames was most likely the earliest center of pottery production, producing whitewares in the 13th century. Kingston
152:
Kingston-type ware had the greatest variety of decoration and Cheam whiteware had the least. Kingston-type decoration typically consisted of regularly spaced combed or engraved lines. The more embellished vessels generally had a lead glaze coloured green with the addition of copper. Another common
119:
The fabric colours of Surrey whiteware are: buff, beige off-white, cream, and pale grey. Kingston-type pottery fabric is hard with a rough surface and a fine texture. Coarse Border ware fabric is hard with a rough surface and an uneven texture. Cheam whiteware's fabric is similar to
Kingston-type
98:
Surrey whiteware is a white-fired sand tempered ware, "made from a white-firing clay consisting of angular quartz of fine silt and sand grade, and tempered with varying quantities of rounded quartz sand." The pottery can be separated into four groups. Kingston-type ware, Coarse Border ware, Cheam
263:
and then by river transport to London. Cheam whiteware was primarily traded from the production locations or from nearby markets. In the late 14th century to early 15th century, Coarse Border ware was distributed over a much wider area than the other Surrey whiteware types. Along with the London
89:
Cheam whiteware, named for the pottery manufactured from kilns at Cheam, was first seen in London in the late 14th century. The earthenware products increased in popularity in London during the 15th century. Cheam whiteware and Coarse Border ware dominated the pottery market in London and its
85:
In 14th century London, the demand for Coarse Border ware grew rapidly as demand for
Kingston-type ware diminished. At the end of the 14th century, the Kingston-type pottery industry was in decline; By the early 15th century, Kingston-type ware was no longer used in London. Coarse Border ware
153:
decorative technique was the application of strips or bands of clay to the individual pot. More complex designs include stamped bosses, floral patterns, overlaid scales, and pinecone impressions. Anthropomorphic decorations, although not common, are primarily depictions of human faces.
144:
The decoration of Surrey whitewares ranged from plain and unadorned to more elaborately ornamented items. A clear or coloured lead glazed was commonly used by potters. Additional decoration techniques include one or more of the following: coating individual pieces with a white or red
169:
the inside of the vessels used for storage of liquids. Painted or incised bands or lines were simple forms of decoration. There are fewer examples of Tudor Green ware available, due to its very fine, thin-walled fabric. Tudor Green ware is known for its green-glazing.
255:
upon Thames is situated far from the
Reading Beds; Raw clay for the kilns was probably transported to the Kingston upon Thames by an overland route or by river transport. The Cheam and the Surrey-Hampshire border potteries are positioned close to the Reading Beds.
258:
The method of distribution of Surrey whiteware was a combination of trade at the production sites along with trade in London and surrounding areas. The pottery products destined for the London marked were probably hauled first by wagons to the
99:
ware, and Green Tudor ware. All four pottery types have similar sandy textures. The term, "Tudor Green ware" is used to describe the thin-walled, green-glazed white-fired earthenware produced during the
238:
were the best source of potting clay for medieval potters producing wares for the London market. These sites had been an excellent source of clays for pottery manufacturing since the early
32:
or Surrey white ware, is a type of lead-glazed pottery produced in
England from the 13th to the 16th centuries. The white-fired sandy earthenware was produced largely from kilns in
246:
and Cream, also provided a good supply of white-firing clays for pottery manufacturing. Most pottery kilns were located within a few miles of these crucial sources of clay.
1255:
40:
border. Surrey whitewares were the most commonly used pottery in London during the late medieval period. There are four classes of Surrey whiteware:
810:
1288:
123:
The Surrey potters typically used a clear lead glaze or a mottled green glaze on their pots. On
Kingston-type ware, the glaze was typically
65:
Surrey whitewares first appeared in London in the mid-13th century. The pottery, similar in fabric and form to ware produced from a kiln at
303:
120:
ware in hardness and texture. Tudor Green ware has a fabric that varies from soft to hard, with a smooth surface and a fine texture.
209:
for the market in London. These new forms were typically plain pottery items, undecorated or decorated simply with grooved lines.
1366:
1229:
291:
879:
860:
799:
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market and surrounding area, the pottery was traded along the River Thames, as well as in
Hampshire, as far south as
367:
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279:
1293:
1116:
318:
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1219:
330:
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165:
for Coarse Border ware. Painted decoration was used on Coarse Border ware, primarily for cisterns.
177:
Surrey whitewares were produced in the traditional forms of the medieval era. These items include
86:
continued to be the most widely used pottery in London from the mid 14th to the mid 15th century.
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242:. The northern outcrops of the Reading Beds that extend past Farnham and continue to
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185:, large deep bowls and pans, small bowls, dripping dishes, lobed cups, chamber pots,
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The white-firing clays used to produce Surrey whitewares were collected from the
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748:"A preliminary note on the pottery industry of the Hampshire-Surrey Borders"
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775:. London: London & Middlesex Archaeological societies.
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Border Wares. Post-Medieval
Pottery in London 1500-1700
579:
392:
380:
1256:
Conservation and restoration of ancient Greek pottery
687:
639:
499:
448:
426:
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811:"The Saxon and Medieval Pottery of London: A Review"
699:
675:
663:
651:
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463:
436:
421:
409:
226:in Surrey and along the borders of Hampshire and
1353:
870:McCarthy, Michael; Brooks, Catherine M. (1995).
205:, costrels (portable flasks) and storage jars.
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72:
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16:British medieval lead-glazed pottery type
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872:Medieval Pottery in Britain, Ad 900-1600
155:
135:
105:
76:
20:
771:Pearce, Jaqueline; Vince, Alan (1988).
745:
717:
693:
645:
508:
1354:
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681:
415:
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853:Pottery in Britain 4000 BC to AD 1900
850:
808:
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481:
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457:
442:
430:
521:Barrett, Jason; Donachie, Madeline.
523:"Border Ware at Port Royal Jamaica"
13:
844:
14:
1378:
752:Surrey Archaeological Collections
835:
368:List of English medieval pottery
329:
317:
302:
290:
278:
48:whiteware and Tudor Green ware.
217:
60:
874:. Leicester University Press.
830:10.1080/00766097.1985.11735465
297:Coarse Border ware cooking pot
93:
1:
739:
249:
131:
1367:Ceramics of medieval England
1220:Northern Black Polished Ware
794:. London: Museum of London.
7:
341:
230:. The Reading Beds between
213:Production and distribution
140:Kingston-type ware face jug
10:
1383:
790:Pearce, Jaqueline (1992).
271:
51:
1264:
1248:
1125:
1082:
1012:
937:Base minerals, and glazes
936:
930:Glossary of pottery terms
927:
855:. Greenlight Publishing.
114:
73:14th & 15th centuries
1126:Processes and decoration
527:Texas A&M University
373:
285:Tudor Green ware costrel
172:
730:Pearce & Vince 1988
634:Pearce & Vince 1988
622:Pearce & Vince 1988
610:Pearce & Vince 1988
598:Pearce & Vince 1988
586:Pearce & Vince 1988
574:Pearce & Vince 1988
562:Pearce & Vince 1988
550:Pearce & Vince 1988
494:Pearce & Vince 1988
404:Pearce & Vince 1988
387:Pearce & Vince 1988
746:Holling, F.W. (1971).
336:Kingston-type ware jug
161:
141:
111:
82:
44:, Coarse Border ware,
26:
25:Coarse Border ware jug
1289:Pre-conquest Americas
851:Laing, Lloyd (2003).
159:
139:
109:
80:
36:and along the Surrey-
24:
818:Medieval Archaeology
809:Vince, A.G. (1985).
324:Cheam whiteware jug
160:Tudor Green ware jug
67:Kingston upon Thames
1014:Main types, by body
1266:History of pottery
1190:Black and red ware
1084:Forming techniques
720:, pp. 56, 76.
636:, pp. 68, 79.
624:, pp. 68, 72.
309:Tudor Green ware,
162:
142:
112:
110:Kingston-type ware
83:
27:
1349:
1348:
1225:Painted Grey Ware
1138:biscuit porcelain
773:Surrey Whitewares
460:, pp. 56–57.
1374:
1032:Egyptian faience
1022:Asbestos-ceramic
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1334:list of potters
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845:Further reading
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81:Cheam whiteware
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42:Kingston-type
39:
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1279:Ancient Rome
1249:Conservation
1185:Black-figure
1112:Slip casting
1107:RAM pressing
922:and claywork
871:
852:
821:
817:
791:
772:
760:. Retrieved
755:
751:
725:
718:Holling 1971
713:
701:
694:Holling 1971
689:
684:, p. 3.
677:
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646:Holling 1971
641:
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581:
576:, p. 8.
569:
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530:. Retrieved
526:
516:
509:Holling 1971
489:
477:
465:
438:
418:, p. 1.
411:
406:, p. 7.
389:, p. 6.
382:
261:River Thames
257:
253:
240:Roman period
224:Reading Beds
221:
218:Clay sources
207:
191:candlesticks
183:cooking pots
176:
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97:
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61:13th century
55:
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28:
18:
1240:Sea pottery
1027:Earthenware
999:Salt glazed
989:Lead-glazed
949:China stone
706:Pearce 1992
682:Pearce 1992
416:Pearce 1992
363:Humber ware
353:Border ware
187:money boxes
94:Description
1356:Categories
1235:Red-figure
1230:Rang Mahal
1145:Burnishing
1074:Terracotta
1062:soft-paste
1057:hard-paste
1047:Jasperware
1004:Tin-glazed
994:Lustreware
740:References
670:Vince 1985
658:Vince 1985
482:Vince 1985
470:Vince 1985
458:Vince 1985
443:Vince 1985
431:Vince 1985
358:Sandy ware
266:Winchester
250:Production
132:Decoration
1319:Delftware
1170:Pit fired
1069:Stoneware
1052:Porcelain
1042:Ironstone
984:Ash glaze
969:Kaolinite
824:: 29–83.
311:money box
244:Guildford
228:Berkshire
101:Tudor era
38:Hampshire
1341:Tilework
1210:Kakiemon
1180:Slipware
1165:Painting
1102:Pinching
1097:Moulding
1037:Fritware
974:Petuntse
959:Feldspar
944:Bone ash
342:See also
203:skillets
197:, lids,
1324:Faience
1309:Islamic
1200:Celadon
1155:Glazing
1092:Coiling
920:Pottery
762:4 April
758:: 57–88
532:8 April
272:Gallery
236:Tongham
232:Farnham
199:pipkins
52:History
1314:Persia
1175:Saggar
1150:Firing
878:
859:
798:
779:
125:crazed
115:Fabric
34:Surrey
1299:Korea
1294:Japan
1284:China
1215:Malwa
1205:Jorwe
814:(PDF)
588:35,38
374:Notes
173:Forms
46:Cheam
1304:Maya
1160:Kiln
979:Slip
964:Frit
954:Clay
876:ISBN
857:ISBN
796:ISBN
777:ISBN
764:2020
534:2020
234:and
179:jugs
147:slip
826:doi
103:.
1358::
822:29
820:.
816:.
756:68
754:.
750:.
542:^
525:.
501:^
450:^
423:^
394:^
201:,
193:,
189:,
181:,
912:e
905:t
898:v
884:.
865:.
832:.
828::
804:.
785:.
766:.
536:.
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