499:'s ethos "it's better to be a pirate than to join the Navy". Working as the only graphic designer in a diverse and articulate team of programmers and with Hertzfeld as the primary requester, she spent hours or days at a time developing a rich selection of graphics for the consensus-driven feedback loop for each GUI element. Jobs personally approved each of her main desktop icons. Kare participated heavily in the prerelease marketing campaign for the Macintosh in 1983 by posing for magazine photo shoots, appearing in television advertisements, and demonstrating the Mac on television talk shows.
775:, "Don't try to be original, just try to be good". She focuses on simplicity in creating visual metaphors for computer commands. Designing for the fullest range of users from novice to expert, she believes that the most meaningful icons are instantly easy to both understand and remember. She said "an icon is successful if you could tell someone what it is once and they don't forget it." She said "good icons should function somewhat like traffic signs—simple symbols with few extraneous details, which makes them more universal" and notes that there is no impetus to continuously modernize a
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you tested it everyone would all have the same one-word response as its function. But I think I had then, and still have, more of a common sense than a scientific approach to that kind of thing. It's solving the little puzzle of making an image fit a metaphor. It's fantastic when an icon becomes meaningful shorthand, when you can create a pothole-free environment for users. After all, who wouldn't rather see an icon of a light switched on instead of the words 'lights on'?"
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467:-based Macintosh prototype which "felt like a magical leap forward" for art design. She preferred it over the Apple II and was amazed and excited by the computer screen's design capability to undo, redo, and iterate an icon or letterform while seeing it simultaneously at enlarged and 100% target sizes. She immediately embraced
564:. Chicago is her first font, made especially for systemwide use in menus and dialog; it has a bold vertical look initially named Elefont, in which Kare implemented Jobs's idea of variable spacing, where each character can have the unique pixel width that it needs, to differentiate the computer from a monospaced typewriter.
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exhibited the first physical representation of her iconography, including her original Grid sketchbook, saying "If the Mac turned out to be such a revolutionary object––a pet instead of a home appliance, a spark for the imagination instead of a mere work tool––it is thanks to Susan's fonts and icons,
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I like to think that good icons are instantly recognizable—even if someone's never seen it, you can ask them what it does, and they get it—or it's so easy to remember that if someone tells you what it is once, it's easy to remember when you look at it. I think that's a lot to ask of a symbol, that if
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summarizes her groundbreaking
Macintosh work: "It was an intense time with untold pressure to perform on a new product launch that demanded countless hours of work, rework and work again to get everything right." Kare recalled the privilege of being directly taught by engineers how early software is
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with "strips of type for labels in a dark room on a PhotoTypositor". Because she did not attend an artist training school, she built her experience and portfolio by taking many pro-bono graphics jobs such as posters and brochure design in college, holiday cards, and invitations. After her Ph.D., she
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Her primary objective with the
Macintosh was to humanize it, make it seem less like a machine, and give it "a smile". She intended to bring "an artist's sensibility to a world that had been the exclusive domain of engineers and programmers" and "hoped to help counter the stereotypical image of
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Her whimsical personality was essential to the infectiously budding culture and lore of the early
Macintosh team, and infused into the product. She stunned the staff of accomplished pixel artists and engineers with her unexpectedly personable renditions of their portraits in the Mac's standard
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per character, yet she solved the problem of the typical jagged look of existing monospaced computer typefaces by using only horizontal, vertical, or 45-degree lines. Veteran designers at Apple had previously thought it impossible to convey personality and accuracy in a human portrait of only
779:. Using the same philosophy through the pixel art era and beyond, she has placed a "premium on context and metaphor", hunting the streets of San Francisco for inspiration from "catchy symbols and shapes". When stuck on a design, she resourced inspiration from the books
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assembled: "I loved working on that project—always felt so lucky for the opportunity to be a nontechnical person in a software group. I was awed by being able to collaborate with such creative, capable and dedicated engineers. My ‘work/life balance’ has improved since
533:. She devised the practice of associating unique document icons with their creator applications. The team's GUI elements such as the Lasso, the Grabber, and the Paint Bucket became universal staples of computing. Her original cult classic icons include Clarus the
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interface. This cumulative work was key in making the
Macintosh one of the most successful and foundational computing platforms of all time. Descendants of her groundbreaking 1980s work at Apple are universally seen throughout computing and in print.
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which gave it voice, personality, style, and even a sense of humor. Cherry bomb, anyone?" They called her "a pioneering and influential computer iconographer communicate their function immediately and memorably, with wit and style." The
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computer and documentation, she drove the visual language for Apple's pioneering graphical computing. Her most recognizable and enduring works at Apple include the world's first proportionally spaced digital font family of the
479:'s user interface while the programmers matured it to become her primary tool. She contributed to the Macintosh identity and devised ways to make the machine humanized, intuitively usable, relatable, and inviting.
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game, which taught early computer users to use a mouse to drag and drop objects on a screen. In 1987, she designed a "baroque" wallpaper, numerous other icons, and design elements for
Windows 3.0, using
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and hired him to design NeXT's logo and brand identity, admiring his table-pounding exactitude and confidence. She created and re-created slideshows to Jobs's exacting last-minute requirements.
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characterized her style as a "whimsical charm and an independent streak" with an "artistic sleight of hand" and awarded her with its medal in April 2018. In
October 2019, Kare was awarded the
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and icons, some of which became patented. As a whole platform of their own, these designs comprise the first visual language for the identity of the
Macintosh and for Apple's pioneering of
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She became a
Creative Director in Apple Creative Services working for the department director, Tom Suiter, "at a time when it seemed as if the main Mac development was over".
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typefaces, and countless icons and interface components such as the Lasso, the
Grabber, and the Paint Bucket. Chicago is the most prominent user-interface typeface seen in
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In only one year, she designed the core visual design language of the original
Macintosh which launched in January 1984. This includes original marketing material and many
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public library to show her interest alongside her well-prepared notebook. She "aced" the interview and was hired in January 1983 with Badge #3978. Her business cards read "
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452:. Compelled to actually join the team for a fixed-length part-time job, she interviewed "totally green" but undaunted, bringing a variety of typography books from the
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She realized that she wanted "to be back doing bitmaps" so she left NeXT to become an independent designer with a client base including graphical computing giants
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as a product design lead as her first corporate employment in three decades. Working with design manager Bob Baxley, the former design manager of the original
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385:(FAMSF), as sculptor and occasional curator. She later reflected that her "ideal life would be to make art full-time but that sculpture was too solitary".
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In 1982, Kare was welding a life-sized razorback hog sculpture commissioned by an Arkansas museum when she received a phone call from high school friend
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759:, she compared the diverse and design-driven corporate cultures of Pinterest and early 1980s Apple. In February 2021, Kare became Design Architect at
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She thrived in the problem-solving approach to severe technological constraints of the 1980s, drawing heavily upon her fine art experience in
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pirate flag with a rainbow colored Apple logo eyepatch, as the christening brand of the new Macintosh headquarters at Brandley 3, embracing
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using a grid-like template to simulate the constraints of the target device and user experience. She has said that she would still prefer
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She was married to Jay Tannenbaum. Their marriage was dissolved in 2011. She has three sons with him. Her brother was aerospace engineer
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code for keyboard input. More advanced graphical tools were written for her by Hertzfeld, and she embellished the flagship application
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763:. As of 2022, she concurrently heads a digital design practice in San Francisco and sells limited-edition, signed fine-art prints.
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computer. However, she had no experience in computer graphics and "didn't know the first thing about designing a typeface" or
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to be generous for icons, this improvised mastery of "a peculiar sort of minimal pointillism" made her an early pioneer of
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launched its I.D. Forty list of influential designers including Kare and Steve Jobs. In October 2001, she received the
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grid notebook of the smallest graph paper she could find at the University Art store in Palo Alto and mock up several
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in 1975, with an undergraduate honors thesis on mathematics. She received an M.A. and a Ph.D. in fine arts from
549:'s passion for calligraphy, she designed the world's first proportionally spaced digital font family including
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Susan Kare's career has always focused on fine art. For several summers during high school she interned at the
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For decades, she seeded this visual language practice throughout the industry via industry giants such as
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Graphic Design, Referenced: A Visual Guide to the Language, Applications, and History of Graphic Design
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668:'s "impish" cartoon of dad's office desktop. She was a founding partner of Susan Kare LLP in 1989. For
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representations of his software commands and applications. This includes an icon of scissors for the "
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is a set of icons in font form, for combining graphics directly into text, akin to "proto-emojis".
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2038:"In Conversation With Susan Kare: On Windows 3.0 Solitaire, Iconography, and Nostalgia - STORY"
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computers as cold and intimidating". Her Macintosh icons were inspired by many sources such as
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as she immersed herself in drawings, paintings, and crafts. Her brother was aerospace engineer
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computer, he solicited her to hand-draw a few icons and font elements to inspire the upcoming
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In 2015, MoMA acquired her notebooks of sketches for the original Macintosh user interface.
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acknowledged Kare as a technologist who helped shape the modern world alongside programmer
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Kare's design principles are meaning, memorability, and clarity. She echoes the advice of
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2653:"Designers on acid: the tripping Californians who paved the way to our touchscreen world"
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in 1978 with a doctoral dissertation on "the use of caricature in selected sculptures of
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as its Creative Director and 10th employee. She introduced Jobs to her design hero
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As a computer novice in the target market of the Macintosh, she easily grasped the
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personal computer from 1983 to 1986. She was employee #10 and creative director at
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2007. One of the gift icons, titled "Big Kiss" is featured in some versions of
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1793:"Celebrating Women in Tech: Susan Kare, Designer Of Apple's Most Iconic Icons"
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In 2003, she became a member of the advisory board of Glam Media, now called
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icon of the smiling computer that welcomes users at system startup, and the
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Symbol Sourcebook: an Authoritative Guide to International Graphic Symbols
1822:"The Sketchbook of Susan Kare, the Artist Who Gave Computing a Human Face"
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called her design language "simple, elegant, and whimsical". In 2015, the
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after he left Apple in 1985. She has worked as a design consultant to
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Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development alumni
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2284:"Hands On chumby Wi-Fi Widget Beanbag (Cuddly in More Ways Than One)"
1267:"How Susan Kare Designed User-Friendly Icons for the First Macintosh"
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for its table of the real-world origins of Japanese characters, and
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2402:"Q&A: Susan Kare On Why Pinterest Feels Like Apple In The '80s"
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which the company permanently donated to the public for free use.
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725:, as well as the interface for its Internet-enabled alarm clock.
1758:"Susan Kare, the brains behind the Mac's famous icons and fonts"
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Her icon portfolio has been featured as physical prints in the
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2330:"Former Apple Designer Kare Testifies at Samsung Patent Trial"
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Making the Macintosh: Technology and Culture in Silicon Valley
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2016:"A Question of Identity : An Interview with Tom Suiter"
1218:"Susan Kare, Regional Rail and the original Macintosh fonts"
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has carried stationery and notebooks featuring her designs.
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1193:"The most influential female designers of the last century"
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In 2007, she designed the identity, icons, and website for
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2477:"I'm Susan Kare, Graphic Designer, and This Is How I Work"
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1981:
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706:. Initially, profits from gift sales were donated to the
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355:". Her goal was "to be either a fine artist or teacher".
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242:"care"; born February 5, 1954) is an American artist and
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2722:"Art That Clicks: Icon designer strives for simplicity"
631:. Her projects for Microsoft include the card deck for
2565:"Iconic Designer Susan Kare Explains How ⌘ Came to Be"
2184:"Buy a virtual cupcake for breast cancer, on Facebook"
2143:"New Member Joins Citizens Coinage Advisory Committee"
1990:"Iconic Designer Susan Kare Explains How ⌘ Came to Be"
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448:" command, a finger for "paste", and a paintbrush for
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846:. For example, her original fonts are constrained to
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Since 2008, The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) store in
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so she drew heavily upon her fine art experience in
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1627:"Designer Susan Kare '75 Gives Pixels Personality"
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983:in 1999, and in the first four generations of the
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2630:"Mac icon designer Susan Kare honored with award"
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2376:"Pinterest hires early Apple designer Susan Kare"
2342:. Archived from the original on September 9, 2014
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372:for designer Harry Loucks, who introduced her to
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1024:New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science
698:Between 2006 and 2010, she produced hundreds of
16:American artist and graphic designer (born 1954)
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1597:designboom | architecture & design magazine
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517:imported from the Macintosh's predecessor, the
487:pixel monochrome resolution for icons. She and
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2501:Vit, Armin (February 2004). "Pixel Perfect".
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1565:Holden, Hannah Maureen (September 17, 2019).
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648:colors. Many of her icons, such as those for
513:She refined Apple's existing iconography and
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2209:"BIG KISS ON IVORY | Susan Kare Prints"
1593:"interview with graphic designer susan kare"
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1371:Alex Soojung-Kim Pang (February 19, 2001).
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2548:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2007:
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1730:"The Woman Who Gave the Macintosh a Smile"
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742:by Apple in the patent-infringement trial
289:. As of 2023 Kare has been an employee of
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2145:. Washington, DC: US Mint. August 1, 2003
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1914:"An Interview: The Macintosh Design Team"
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2255:Bryony Gomez Palacio; Armin Vit (2011).
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2018:(Interview). Interviewed by Adam Kallish
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1527:Crockett, Zachary (September 17, 2018).
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545:symbol on Apple keyboards. Aligned with
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49:of all important aspects of the article.
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811:, wacky gadgets, pirate lore, Japanese
702:icons for the virtual gifts feature of
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2595:
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2233:Jared Morgenstern (February 7, 2007).
2072:Laurence Zuckerman (August 26, 1996).
1820:Silberman, Steve (November 22, 2011).
1790:
1564:
1305:"The Woman Behind Apple's First Icons"
1216:Kirk, Brian James (January 14, 2011).
943:Susan Kare is considered a pioneer of
381:moved to San Francisco to work at the
45:Please consider expanding the lead to
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2563:Gonzalez, Robbie (February 4, 2016).
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2074:"The Designer Who Made the Mac Smile"
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897:Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum
745:Apple Inc. v. Samsung Electronics Co.
738:In August 2012, she was called as an
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2735:Penfold, Mark (September 30, 2005).
2720:Quinn, Michelle (January 25, 1995).
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2282:Buchanan, Matt (February 21, 2008).
2261:. Rockport Publishers. p. 187.
2164:Crockett, Zachary (March 20, 2018).
2044:. September 27, 2016. Archived from
1987:
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1567:"NDA 20 YRS Q&A WITH SUSAN KARE"
1407:"The Monell Connection, Winter 2003"
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313:. Her father was a professor at the
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2651:Wainwright, Oliver (May 11, 2017).
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1879:Hamish Mackintosh (June 12, 2003).
1728:Lange, Alexandra (April 19, 2018).
1387:from the original on March 11, 2010
1012:National Museum of American History
689:Citizens Coinage Advisory Committee
687:as one of four appointments to the
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2400:Brownlee, John (August 19, 2015).
2328:Joel Rosenblatt (August 7, 2012).
2170:American Institute of Graphic Arts
2013:
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1020:San Francisco Museum of Modern Art
889:American Institute of Graphic Arts
683:. In 2003, she was recommended by
537:seen in the print dialog box, the
383:Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco
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2812:Original Macintosh developer team
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1942:Hertzfeld, Andy (February 1983).
1416:. 2003. p. 9. Archived from
1160:"The mother of the Mac trash can"
376:and graphic design while she did
3626:American women graphic designers
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2628:Dormehl, Luke (April 20, 2018).
1455:Bromberg, Craig (January 1997).
1265:Kindy, David (October 9, 2019).
1191:McLaughlin, Aimée (2018-02-05).
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2430:"Susan Kare's LinkedIn Profile"
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1965:Hertzfeld, Andy (August 1983).
1912:Lemmons, Phil (February 1984).
1872:
1756:Heisler, Yoni (April 4, 2014).
858:Since the late 1980s, she uses
787:, especially its reference for
37:may be too short to adequately
3696:American women digital artists
2680:"Susan Kare vs Jay Tannenbaum"
2604:"Women of Interest—Susan Kare"
2475:Orin, Andy (15 October 2014).
2313:David Conrad (March 8, 2015).
1697:Hintz, Eric S. (May 4, 2018).
1399:
1184:
664:. For General Magic, she made
587:
436:. He suggested that she get a
47:provide an accessible overview
1:
3651:Artists from Ithaca, New York
2602:Godin, Barb (June 29, 2018).
1699:"Susan Kare, Iconic Designer"
1414:Monell Chemical Senses Center
1103:
398:
319:Monell Chemical Senses Center
3641:Mount Holyoke College alumni
2737:"Design Icon: The Mac Icons"
2315:"Susan Kare Archive at MOMA"
1625:Tobin, Janet (Summer 2001).
1130:. Susan Kare. Archived from
954:In co-creating the original
895:for Lifetime Achievement by
873:
691:for designing coins for the
299:graphical computer interface
152:Contemporary American design
7:
3686:Harriton High School alumni
1373:"Interview with Susan Kare"
1045:
751:In 2015, Kare was hired by
718:as a user account picture.
708:Susan G. Komen for the Cure
596:in leaving Apple to launch
10:
3712:
3656:Artists from San Francisco
3621:American graphic designers
2684:Trellis Legal Intelligence
315:University of Pennsylvania
3570:
3539:
3493:
3447:
3436:
3412:
3119:
3016:
2963:
2937:
2818:
2516:Dreyfuss, Henry (1984) .
2360:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2235:"Give gifts on Facebook!"
938:
901:International Women's Day
358:
323:counted-thread embroidery
206:
198:
169:
156:
148:
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112:
87:
75:
68:
3691:American digital artists
3404:
1858:"Mac OS Icon sketchbook"
1791:Appsee (March 8, 2018).
949:graphical user interface
508:graphical user interface
388:
363:
339:with a B.A. in art from
305:Early life and education
265:, the company formed by
2727:San Francisco Chronicle
2106:"Nautilus File Manager"
1920:(interview). p. 58
1881:"Technology: Talk Time"
1703:Smithsonian Institution
1457:"I.D. Forty/Susan Kare"
1098:List of Apple typefaces
880:Smithsonian Institution
723:Chumby Industries, Inc.
592:In 1986, Kare followed
397:Mac typefaces designed
333:in 1971. She graduated
3526:NeXT MegaPixel Display
2741:Computer Arts Magazine
870:monochrome pixel art.
804:
405:
2931:history of Apple Inc.
2769:Fonts created by Kare
2704:Susan Kare, Biography
1639:Mount Holyoke College
1165:San Jose Mercury News
933:Chrysler Design Award
913:, computer scientist
893:National Design Award
793:
674:Nautilus file manager
412:. In exchange for an
396:
341:Mount Holyoke College
329:. She graduated from
117:Mount Holyoke College
3631:Apple Inc. employees
3430:John Patrick Crecine
2706:wallma.wordpress.com
2448:"About – Susan Kare"
2317:. i-programmer.info.
1856:Kare, Susan (2020).
1271:Smithsonian Magazine
1016:Museum of Modern Art
884:Museum of Modern Art
576:Smithsonian Magazine
331:Harriton High School
317:and director of the
3636:Interface designers
3413:Corporate directors
2929:Key figures in the
1645:on January 22, 2016
1381:Stanford University
855:until Kare did it.
460:Macintosh Artist".
345:New York University
126:New York University
3676:Facebook employees
3531:NeXT Laser Printer
3026:Katherine L. Adams
2774:2008-05-15 at the
2086:on August 12, 2007
2079:The New York Times
2048:on October 2, 2016
1988:Gonzalez, Robbie.
1886:Guardian Unlimited
1599:. October 21, 2014
1467:on January 3, 2013
1128:"Design Biography"
821:Saint Hannes cross
757:Apple Online Store
693:United States Mint
406:
370:Franklin Institute
293:. As a pioneer of
246:, who contributed
3598:
3597:
3562:Interface Builder
3540:Software products
3494:Hardware products
3372:
3371:
3289:Peter Oppenheimer
3189:Jean-Louis Gassée
3051:Dominic Giampaolo
2896:
2895:
2505:. pp. 76–81.
2301:search Susan Kare
1535:on April 24, 2019
1026:. Her work has a
993:Microsoft Windows
864:Adobe Illustrator
785:Symbol Sourcebook
767:Design philosophy
710:foundation until
515:desktop metaphors
510:(GUI) computing.
309:Kare was born in
220:
219:
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3299:Mark Papermaster
3264:Guerrino De Luca
3164:Satjiv S. Chahil
3154:Chrisann Brennan
3139:Fred D. Anderson
3056:John Giannandrea
2989:Michael Spindler
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2757:Official website
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781:Kanji Pictograms
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582:then. : n )
529:paper icon, and
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311:Ithaca, New York
244:graphic designer
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3046:Craig Federighi
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2888:Randy Wigginton
2814:
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2776:Wayback Machine
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2714:Further reading
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1172:on July 1, 2007
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712:Valentine's Day
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3209:Joanna Hoffman
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3204:Andy Hertzfeld
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3184:Scott Forstall
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3179:Bill Fernandez
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838:. Considering
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700:64 × 64 pixels
654:Control Panels
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410:Andy Hertzfeld
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158:Notable work
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3671:OS/2 people
3611:1954 births
3516:NeXTstation
3485:Bud Tribble
3460:George Crow
3274:David Nagel
3234:Ron Johnson
3174:Tony Fadell
3169:George Crow
3159:Steve Capps
3101:Bud Tribble
3096:John Ternus
3003:(1997–2011)
2997:(1996–1997)
2991:(1993–1996)
2985:(1983–1993)
2979:(1981–1983)
2973:(1977–1981)
2878:Bud Tribble
2833:George Crow
2828:Steve Capps
2346:February 7,
2193:January 17,
1924:October 22,
1222:Technically
1197:Design Week
1158:Wolf, Ron.
1040:Jordin Kare
979:in 1984 to
947:and of the
919:Mae Jemison
836:pointillism
832:needlepoint
809:art history
633:Windows 3.0
588:After Apple
543:Command key
493:Jolly Roger
489:Steve Capps
473:hexadecimal
434:pointillism
430:needlepoint
327:Jordin Kare
297:and of the
3605:Categories
3557:WebObjects
3475:Susan Kare
3470:Steve Jobs
3425:Ross Perot
3420:Steve Jobs
3304:Jef Raskin
3284:Don Norman
3239:Susan Kare
3229:Steve Jobs
3219:Bruce Horn
3129:Gil Amelio
3081:Dan Riccio
3001:Steve Jobs
2995:Gil Amelio
2945:Steve Jobs
2868:Jef Raskin
2863:Susan Kare
2858:Steve Jobs
2853:Bruce Horn
2481:Lifehacker
2240:August 15,
2219:2018-04-22
2090:August 15,
2052:January 2,
1969:. Folklore
1897:August 15,
1826:Plos Blogs
1471:August 15,
1427:August 13,
1391:August 13,
1202:2023-02-19
1176:August 15,
1104:References
1022:, and the
801:Susan Kare
681:Mode Media
658:Windows XP
598:NeXT, Inc.
594:Steve Jobs
559:monospaced
557:, and the
547:Steve Jobs
497:Steve Jobs
374:typography
267:Steve Jobs
223:Susan Kare
141:Occupation
94:1954-02-05
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3364:Del Yocam
3294:Rich Page
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3122:employees
3019:employees
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2608:The Voice
2582:March 16,
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2457:April 20,
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2380:The Verge
2115:April 20,
1999:April 21,
1649:April 20,
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1090:Biography
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956:Macintosh
945:pixel art
924:In 1997,
903:of 2018,
874:Reception
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753:Pinterest
666:Magic Cap
637:solitaire
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602:Paul Rand
539:Happy Mac
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259:Macintosh
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3506:NeXTcube
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3214:Rod Holt
3036:Eddy Cue
3031:Tim Cook
3007:Tim Cook
2938:Founders
2772:Archived
2689:28 March
2536:40650573
2452:kare.com
2434:LinkedIn
2356:cite web
1763:Engadget
1385:Archived
1046:See also
1001:Facebook
997:IBM OS/2
981:Mac OS 9
977:System 1
929:magazine
799:—
716:Mac OS X
704:Facebook
646:dithered
621:Motorola
491:sewed a
477:MacPaint
450:MacPaint
438:US$ 2.50
414:Apple II
283:Facebook
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1797:Medium
1769:May 8,
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