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2533:, what is generally labelled as "greenwashing". In this, market-driven sustainability addresses sustainability to a certain degree, as brands still need to sell more products in order to be profitable. Thus, almost any initiative towards addressing ecological and social issues still contributes to the damage. In a 2017 report, the industry projects that the overall apparel consumption will rise by 63%, from 62 million tons today to 102 million tons in 2030.
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2086:. Back then, it was cheaper to have uniformly white cotton. color of fabrics made from naturally colored cotton is harder to fades away compared to synthetically dyed cotton fabrics. Though manufacturers prefer cotton to be white so that cotton can easily be synthetically dyed to any shade of color. During processing, manufacturers may add bleach and various other chemicals and heavy metal dyes to make cotton pure white.
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1491:". As a way to conform to the latest fashion styles, current fast fashion trends presuppose selling clothing in large quantities. The quality of a garment does not necessarily translate to a slower pace of consumption and waste. These releases are exasperated by the acceleration of fashion trends. As microtrends are only lasting an average of 3 years, the demand for clothes has also accelerated.
68:
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2189:. Like cotton fibers, bamboo fibers are naturally yellowish in color and are bleached white with chemicals during processing. Prior to a regulatory change in 2010, the majority of fiber and textile marketed as bamboo on the market was actually viscose rayon derived from bamboo. Now manufacturers need to label such products as rayon from bamboo.
1715:. The retail revolution within the U.S. (example Wal-Mart, Target and Nike) and Western Europe, where companies no longer manufactured but rather contracted out their production and transformed, introducing many different product lines manufactured in foreign-owned factories in China. Countries such as
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for "bundles"). Most of the clothing is imported from the United States. However, there are concerns that trade in secondhand clothing in
African countries decreases development of local industries even as it creates employment in these countries. While the reuse of materials brings resource savings,
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followers believe the business sector can act more sustainably by pursuing profit and growth. The movement believes that clothing companies should incorporate environmental, social and ethical improvements on management's agenda. This may include increasing the value of local production and products;
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is a technology that allows an entire garment to be knit. 3D seamless knitting creates the entire garment. The garments are designed using 3D software. Shima Seiki and Stoll are currently the two primary manufacturers of the technology. The technology is produced through the use of solar energy, and
1923:
For some products, the environmental impact can be greater at the use phase than material production, leading, for instance, to the suggestion to wash clothes less. Consumers typically have little incentive to be active with their garments—to repair, swap and learn. There are many ways designers are
1774:, has been a popular proponent of circular fashion. Most textile fibers in consumer fashion are amalgamations of various materials to achieve flexible or aesthetic properties, and thus not optimal for circular reproduction. Although all work with textile waste as their raw material, it is often from
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and
Central and Eastern Europe. The fashion industry has racial, class and gender inequalities. Local production is engaged in global sourcing of labor exploitation. At least 25 million people, the majority of whom are women, work in garment manufacture. Employees in their working conditions can be
1659:
in May 2020 suggested there are at least double the number of particles as previously thought. Microfibers are also shed during wear and disposal. If no progress is made to reverse the effect, it has been calculated that there will be an increase of 850 metric tons of plastic debris in the ocean by
1535:
A slow-fashion garment often consists of durable materials, traditional production techniques, or design concepts that are seasonless or will last for more than a season. From an environmental point of view, it means that there is less industrial waste following transient trends. The Anglo-Japanese
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of one. These plastics are usually beverage bottles (i.e., water, soda and fruit juice bottles). Generally, this method is as follows: plastic bottles are compressed, baled and shipped into processing facilities, where they will be chopped into flakes and melted into small white pellets. Then, the
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Typically, a garment used daily over years has less impact than a garment used once to then be quickly discarded. Studies have shown that the washing and drying process for a pair of classic jeans is responsible for almost two-thirds of the energy consumed through the whole of the jeans' life, and
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Most factories that produce "fast" clothing employ workers on low wages. Workers from Shein are reported to make as little as 4 cents per garment produced, as well as operating on 18-hour workdays with 1 day off per month. Exploitative fast fashion production is prevalent in countries like China,
1867:
textiles and clothing, as the technology to do this has existed for centuries. However, only around 1% of recycled clothes are turned into new items, primarily due to the difficulty and high cost of separating mixed and blended textiles. Most discarded clothing is recycled for other uses, such as
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trend, garments tend to be used half as much as compared to 15 years ago. It has been estimated that each year around $ 172 million worth of garments is expected to be discarded, many of them after being worn only once. There has been a 7.1 kg increase in global per-capita textile production
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crops do not require insecticide applications. Insects that consume cotton containing Bt will stop feeding after a few hours and die. As a result, the cost of pesticide applications decreased between $ 25 and $ 65 per acre. Bt cotton crops yield 5% more cotton on average compared to traditional
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Cotton is a major source of apparel fiber. Cotton accounts for over 50% of all clothing produced worldwide. This makes cotton the most widely used clothing fiber. Up to 1 billion people worldwide depend on the cotton industry, including 100 million smallholder farmers. Cotton is one of the most
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The concept of slow fashion has been criticized. To stop consuming "fast fashion" strikes against low-income consumers whose only means to access trends is through cheap and accessible goods. Those who are already in a high position in society can afford to slow down and cement their status and
4051:
Claudio José Galdino da Silva Jr; Alexandre D’Lamare Maia de
Medeiros; Julia Didier Pedrosa de Amorim; Helenise Almeida do Nascimento; Attilio Converti; Andrea Fernanda Santana Costa; Leonie Asfora Sarubbo (August 2021). "Bacterial cellulose biotextiles for the future of Sustainable Fashion: A
1955:
No brand is considered by environmental experts to be fully sustainable, and controversy exists over exactly how the concept of sustainability can be applied in relation to fashion, if it can be used at all, or if labels such as "slow" and "sustainable" fashion are inherently an oxymoron. Some
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The usage level of fashion materials is 79 billion cubic meters annually. Only around 20% of clothing is recycled or reused; huge amounts of fashion products end up as waste. It has been estimated that in the UK alone, around 350,000 tons of clothing end up in landfills every year. The average
1502:
in 2015 from the production of polyester textiles and uses up hundreds of gallons of water per garment. Additionally, leaving an aftermath of 6.3 million tons of carbon dioxide. In
January 2021, Shein offered over 121,000 garments made from polyester, making up 61% of their clothing total. The
1353:. Doug Tompkins and Yvon Chouinard noted that exponential growth and consumption are not sustainable. In the late 1980s, they commissioned research into the impact of fibers used in their respective companies. Fiber and fabric processing are still the norm in sustainable fashion 30 years on.
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The increase in western consumers' environmental interest is motivating companies to use sustainable and environmental arguments solely to increase sales. Because environmental and sustainability issues are complex, it is also easy to mislead consumers. Companies can use sustainability as a
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is obtained from the fine, soft hairs of a cashmere goat's underbelly coat. Due to the rarity of the breed, four goats are needed to produce enough cashmere for one sweater. The cashmere industry has been questioned for the working conditions of goat herders and the underpaying of farmers.
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cycle of reuse and regeneration. This material takes about three to four weeks under lab-controlled conditions to grow. Tests revealed that moisture absorption from the air softens this material, which makes it less durable. Researchers also discovered that cold conditions make it brittle.
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Over the last years, over 150 major brands have publicised information about their factories online. Every year, Fashion
Revolution publishes a Fashion Transparency Index. The high place of several fast fashion retailers caused controversy regarding the parameters used for such rankings.
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clothing is sold into an international market. Where possible, used jeans collected from
America, for example, are sold to low-income customers in Africa for modest prices, yet most end up in landfills as the average U.S.-sized customer is several sizes bigger than the global average.
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One of the main social issues related to fashion concerns labor. Whilst the majority of fashion and textiles are produced in Asia, Central
America and North Africa, there is still production across Europe where exploitative working conditions are also found, such as in
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Some cotton may be grown without the use of any genetic modification to the crops, fertilizers, pesticides or other agrochemicals. All cotton marketed as organic in the United States is required to fulfill strict federal regulations regarding how the cotton is grown.
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for underwear, about 80% of total energy use comes from laundry processes. The dyeing process also contributes around 15–20% of wastewater. For this reason, techniques are being introduced to reduce energy and water consumption, such as using CO
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cotton crops. Bt crops also lower the price of cotton by 0.8 cents per pound. However, insects are predicted to eventually develop resistance to the Bt strain. Researchers have found that members of a cotton bollworm species,
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and launched at retail. In parallel with industry, research around sustainable fashion has been in development since the early 1990s. The field includes technical projects that try to improve the efficiency of existing operations.
2349:, fabrics, and leather alternative using various parts of coconut; and fabric and paper made from banana plant stalks and stems. Rayon is a fiber made out of cellulose sometimes used in fast fashion as it is cheaply manufactured.
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as an alternative to conventional cotton, citing that it absorbs greenhouse gases during its life cycle and grows quickly without pesticides, the conversion of bamboo fiber to fabric is the same as rayon and is highly toxic. The
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Protein fibers originate from animal sources and are made up of protein molecules. The basic elements in these protein molecules are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. Pesticides are conventionally used in the cultivation of
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in fashion is the process of reusing the unwanted and discarded materials into new materials or products without compromising the value and quality of the used material. The definition of textile waste can be production waste,
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3840:
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159 billion worth of clothing garments annually. However, some
Chinese workers make as little as 12–18 cents per hour working in poor conditions. Each year, Americans purchase approximately 1 billion garments made in China.
1755:, Kate Fletcher, Rebecca Earley, Mathilda Tham and Timo Rissanen, especially the thinking around the "metabolism" of garments and wardrobes, "zero waste" production, and the focus on the whole life cycle of garments.
1372:(REACH) regulations required in 2007 that clothing manufacturers and importers identify and quantify the chemicals used in their products. In 2012, the world's largest summit on fashion sustainability was held in
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The most sustainable fibers in fashion are the ones many people already have. Thus, to recirculate existing garments, new business models engage the resale, revival, and recirculation of used, second-hand or
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2405:
have conducted research on the possibility of using fungal species to create sustainable leather alternatives. Leather alternatives can be produced by using byproducts of agricultural products such as
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ruled that the labeling of bamboo fiber should read "rayon from bamboo". Bamboo fabric can cause environmental harm in production due to the chemicals used to create a soft viscose from hard bamboo.
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designs patterns for a garment so that when the pattern pieces are cut, no fabric is wasted. One of the approaches is using an alternative method to traditional water dyeing; one example of such is
1410:
Critics doubt the effectiveness that this has. The discussions following the
Burberry report of the brand burning unsold goods worth around £28.6 million (about $ 37.8 million) in 2018, which is an
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1617:
has made it possible to produce clothing at increasingly lower prices that many consumers consider fashion to be disposable. Developing countries typically produce the textiles and clothing for
1798:; their environmental impact and mitigation of pollution are debated. Transportation between users and storage, dry-cleaning, and repackaging causes more environmental impact than reselling or
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are tiny threads that are shed from fabric. One study found that 34.8% of microplastics found in oceans come from the textile and clothing industry, and the majority of them were made of
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2195:, like bamboo, is considered a sustainable crop. It requires little water to grow, and it is resistant to most pests and diseases. Hemp fiber comes in two types: primary and secondary
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2199:. Hemp fibers are considered strong enough for construction uses. Compared to cotton fiber, hemp fiber is approximately 8 times the tensile strength and 4 times the durability.
2147:
Soy fabrics are derived from the hulls of soybeans—a manufacturing byproduct. Soy fabrics can be blended (i.e. 30%) or made entirely out of soy fibers. Soy clothing is largely
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In 2013, cotton and polyester accounted for almost 85% of all fibers. Also, many fibers in the finished garments are mixed to acquire desired drape, flexibility or stretch.
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The current condition of the fashion system is related to the temporal aspects of fashion; the continuous stream of new goods onto the market, or what is popularly called "
4702:
3819:"Shein factory employees are working 18-hour days for pennies per garment and washing their hair on lunch breaks because they have so little time off, new report finds"
2424:
design in fashion is a concept that aims to reduce material waste throughout the textile and fashion production process. The concept has existed for a number of years.
2122:, were Bt-resistant in some crop areas of Mississippi and Arkansas during 2003 and 2006. Though the vast majority of other agricultural pests remain susceptible to Bt.
1810:
is a concept that builds on the sharing of patterns of clothing. Examples of open-source fashion range from exchanging production techniques to materials, patterns and
1387:'s Environment Audit Committee published a report and recommendations on the future of fashion sustainability, suggesting wide-ranging systemic change, such as lowered
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business model became dominant in the 21st century, leading to an increase in consumption of inexpensive garments. This model can disincentives companies from making
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prolonging the lifecycle of materials; and reducing waste. Another goal may be to educate people to practice environmentally friendly consumption by promoting the "
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Gurova, Olga; Morozova, Daria (August 2018). "A critical approach to sustainable fashion: Practices of clothing designers in the Kallio neighborhood of
Helsinki".
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for its light and silky sensation. Soy fabrics are moisture-absorbent, antibacterial and UV-resistant. However, soy fabrics fell out of public knowledge during
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A major controversy on sustainable fashion concerns how the "green" imperative is used as a cover-up for systemic labor exploitation, social exclusion and
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suggests a perspective emphasizing the "Wisdom of Nature", where the industry looks into materials in tune with natural cycles. Biomimicry replicates the
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between user and product. According to a study done by Irene Maldini, keeping garments longer does not translate into lower volumes of purchased units.
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1345:, 'green issues' (as they were called at the time) made their way into fashion and textile publications. These publications featured companies such as
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Niu, Baozhuang; Chen, Lei; Zhang, Jie (November 2017). "Punishing or subsidizing? Regulation analysis of sustainable fashion procurement strategies".
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Clothing can be made from plastic. Seventy percent of plastic-derived fabrics come from polyester, and the type of polyester most used in fabrics is
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and then washed in hot water. Its use in textiles is limited due to its high cost. The silk industry also employs millions of people in rural China.
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Nelson, Mariel. "Micro-Trends: The acceleration of fashion cycles and the rise in waste". Worldwide Responsible Accredited Production, May 17, 2021
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is a proposed sustainable alternative to fast fashion. The term was coined by Kate Fletcher of the Centre for Sustainable Fashion and inspired by "
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5586:"Your Cast-Offs, Their Profits: Items donated to Goodwill and Salvation Army often end up as part of a $ 1 billion-a-year used-clothing business"
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2515:. It refers mostly to corporations that make efforts to clean their reputation because of social pressure or for the purpose of financial gain.
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Textile recycling firms process about 70% of the donated clothing into industrial items such as rags or cleaning cloths. However, 20–25% of the
1802:. As noted by Levänen et al. (2021), the lowest global warming impacts are achieved by reducing consumption, followed by reusing and recycling.
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5236:"Innovative recycling or extended use? Comparing the global warming potential of different ownership and end-of-life scenarios for textiles"
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supply chains by large companies to reduce the environmental impact was largely unsuccessful. Measures to reform fashion production beyond
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Maldini, Irene (2019). "From speed to volume: reframing clothing production and consumption for an environmentally sound apparel sector".
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has emerged as the largest exporter of fast fashion, accounting for 30% of world apparel exports. The country exports over approximately
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5179:"The EU Textiles Strategy in Motion - What does it mean for the future of this sector? | European Circular Economy Stakeholder Platform"
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4839:"Shopping for Clothes and Sensitivity to the Suffering of Others: The Role of Compassion and Values in Sustainable Fashion Consumption"
562:
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Jones, Mitchell; Gandia, Antoni; John, Sabu; Bismarck, Alexander (January 2021). "Leather-like material biofabrication using fungi".
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Cotton is naturally grown in a variety of colors. Typically, cotton color can come in mauve, red, yellow and orange hues. The use of
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American throws away nearly 70 pounds of clothing per year. Around 5% of the total waste worldwide stems from the textile industry.
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1996:. Uses of these fibers can be from buttons to eyewear such as sunglasses. Other than cotton, the most common plant-based fiber,
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2151:. Although not as durable as cotton or hemp fabrics, soy clothing has a soft, elastic feel. Soy clothing is known as vegetable
7184:
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4732:
3630:"The affective economy and fast fashion: Materiality, embodied learning and developing a sensibility for sustainable clothing"
2409:. After a few weeks, the fungal mycelium can be processed and chemically treated into a leather-like material. The process is
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5040:"Innovative and sustainable business models in the fashion industry: Entrepreneurial drivers, opportunities, and challenges"
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Other alternative biodegradable fibers being developed by companies include: leather alternative using pineapple leaves;
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5357:""Open Source Fashion Cookbook Is Sharing "Recipes" for Upcycling at Home, With Patterns by Raeburn, Chromat, and More""
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Iran, Samira; Schrader, Ulf (September 11, 2017). "Collaborative fashion consumption and its environmental effects".
5014:
4420:"Predicting clothing disposal: The moderating roles of clothing sustainability knowledge and self-enhancement values"
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have reduced their dependence on these chemicals. Conventionally grown cotton uses approximately 25% of the world's
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Naturally Colored Cotton: Resistance to changes in color and durability when refurbished with selected laundry aids
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586:
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2105:(GMO) cotton plants that are resistant to pest infestations. Among the GMO are cotton crops inserted with the Bt (
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may enable more sustainable fashion and reduce wasted clothes and related transportation and production expenses.
1376:, gathering more than 1,000 key stakeholders in the industry. The Sustainable Apparel Coalition also launched the
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Niinimäki, Kirsi; Peters, Greg; Dahlbo, Helena; Perry, Patsy; Rissanen, Timo; Gwilt, Alison (April 7, 2020).
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Niinimäki, Kirsi; Peters, Greg; Dahlbo, Helena; Perry, Patsy; Rissanen, Timo; Gwilt, Alison (April 7, 2020).
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position, while those on their way up resent being told to stay at the lower rungs of the status hierarchy.
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Fletcher, Kate (November 2012). "Durability, Fashion, Sustainability: The Processes and Practices of Use".
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3226:"Fixing fashion: clothing consumption and sustainability – Report Summary – Environmental Audit Committee"
1751:. Much of the work on circular fashion builds on initiatives in the 1990s and onwards by scholars such as
1716:
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Consumption has risen to 62 million tonnes annually and is projected to reach 102 million tonnes by 2030.
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of fashion change over time, leading to some items becoming obsolete and affecting garment lifespans. The
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Well dressed? : the present and future sustainability of clothing and textiles in the United Kingdom
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2377:. PET plastic clothing comes from reused plastics, often recycled plastic bottles. PET plastics have the
2229:. Once harvested and dried, the resulting material has a look and feel much like leather. The fibers are
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Can design confront consumerism? A critical study of clothing volumes, personalization, and the wardrobe
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2075:. For every pound of cotton harvested, a farmer uses up 1/3 lb of chemical, synthetic fertilizer.
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5150:"Zero Waste Fashion Design", in J. Hethorn & C. Ulasewicz (eds.) Sustainable Fashion: What's Next?
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The environmental impact of fashion also depends on how much and how long a garment is used. With the
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Sustainability Challenges of Textiles, Dyeing and Finishing Industries: Opportunities for Innovation.
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1621:. In 2021, the Changing Markets Foundation released a report on the fashion industry's dependence on
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5683:"Well dressed? The present and future sustainability of clothing and textiles in the United Kingdom"
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Kirsi Niinimäki; Greg Peters; Helena Dahlbo; Patsy Perry; Timo Rissanen; Alison Gwilt (April 2020).
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Fletcher, K., & Grose, L. (2012). Fashion and sustainability: design for change. Laurence King.
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Bamboo fabrics are made from heavily pulped bamboo grass. Making clothing and textiles needed less
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4703:"New report published on working conditions in Leicester garment sector — University of Leicester"
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Fletcher, Kate (2012). "Durability, Fashion, Sustainability: The Processes and Practices of Use".
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leaves grown under special conditions. The fibers are extracted by steaming to kill the silk moth
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The Limits to growth : a report for the Club of Rome's project on the predicament of mankind
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1532:". It intends to challenge growth fashion's obsession with mass-production and globalized style.
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Levänen, Jarkko; Uusitalo, Ville; Härri, Anna; Kareinen, Elisa; Linnanen, Lassi (May 1, 2021).
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pellets are processed again and spun into yarn-like fiber, where it can be made into clothing.
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Clark, Hazel (December 1, 2008). "SLOW + FASHION—an Oxymoron—or a Promise for the Future …?".
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4492:"State of the art of post-consumer textile waste upcycling to reach the zero waste milestone"
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is another approach, with the idea being that tailored clothing can reduce mass-production.
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2217:, associate professor Young-A Lee and her team had grown vats of gel-like film composed of
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Textile worker using a bare loom in a Vietnam factory, weaving natural cotton fabrics, 2022
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Choi, Soon Mo; Kummara, Madhusudana Rao; Zo, Sun Mi; Shin, Eun Joo; Han, Sung Soo (2022).
3974:""What is to be sustained?": Perpetuating systemic injustices through sustainable fashion"
1707:
in the 1980s to private and foreign capital and investments is part of an effort to boost
8:
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Low-quality products that deteriorate rapidly are not as suitable to be "enchanted" with
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fashion industry has a value of three trillion dollars. It is two percent of the world's
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3955:"People Tree is first clothing brand to receive the new WFTO Fair Trade product mark!"
2981:"Lynda Grose – PIONEERING ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS FOR THE CLOTHING INDUSTRY – CE NEWS"
1899:. Materials should be biocompatible, combining biodegradable fibers with processes of
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Henninger, Claudia E.; Alevizou, Panayiota J.; Oates, Caroline J. (October 3, 2016).
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Centobelli, Piera; Abbate, Stefano; Nadeem, Simon; Reyes, Jose (September 20, 2022).
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Luz, Claudio (2007), "Waste Couture: Environmental Impact of the Clothing Industry",
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fiber, a byproduct of the same symbiotic colonies of bacteria and yeast (abbreviated
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and are not petroleum-based. Natural fibers can be categorized into two main groups,
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keep a small proportion of donated clothing received. Some efforts have been made to
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A large amount of clothing purchased annually is discarded and eventually ends up in
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Sustainability in fashion and textiles: values, design, production and consumption
7272:
Fletcher, K. (2013). Sustainable fashion and textiles: design journeys. Routledge.
6123:
5773:"DeepDraper: A technique that predicts how clothes would look on different people"
5665:"Designing with life: Biofabricate's Suzanne Lee envisions a "new material world""
5108:""Slow Fashion is not a movement; it's a market": An Interview With Kate Fletcher"
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The fashion industry is the second largest polluter in the world, just after the
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Willett, Joanie; Saunders, Clare; Hackney, Fiona; Hill, Katie (September 2022).
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1462:, has been proposed as an alternative to improve the sustainability of fashion.
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1430:. Clothes made with techniques like this are considered more sustainable than
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6565:"Clothing made from tea byproduct could improve health of fashion industry"
6081:
5928:
5127:"Circular Fashion 2070: Clothing and Textile Cycles, Systems, and Services"
5007:
Behemoth : a history of the factory and the making of the modern world
4889:
4673:
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3418:"Burberry Under Attack for Burning $ 37.8 Million Worth of Unsold Products"
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products. It also has significant health and environmental risks impacting
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4885:"The Fashion Transparency Index: 2019 report ranks world's biggest brands"
3727:"Shein Is the World's Most Popular Fashion Brand—at a Huge Cost to Us All"
225:
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6825:"Vegan Leather Made From Coconut Water Launches To Reduce Animal Cruelty"
6595:
6122:, California Agricultural Technology Institute, p. 5, archived from
5618:
5064:
4023:"The chronopolitics of slow fashion" in S. Kipoz (ed) Slowness in Fashion
3865:
Fletcher, Kate (2010). "Slow Fashion: An Invitation for Systems Change".
3113:
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1985:
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Please help rewrite or integrate negative information to other sections
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Sustainable fashion supply chain management: from sourcing to retailing
6535:
5562:
5498:
4918:"H&M Is Pushing Sustainability Hard, But Not Everyone Is Convinced"
3480:
Bick, Rachel; Halsey, Erika; Ekenga, Christine C. (December 27, 2018).
2860:"Sustainability in fashion production – How are the pioneers doing it?"
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Yan, Ruoh-Nan; Diddi, Sonali; Bloodhart, Brittany (December 1, 2021).
1837:. Other resale models also contain elements of upcycling and repairs.
1380:, a self-assessment standard for the apparel and footwear industries.
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Shaping sustainable fashion: changing the way we make and use clothes
7469:
7407:
7336:. Springer series in supply chain management. Vol. 1. New York:
6769:"Look Out Cotton, These 3 Fruits Are Shaking Up the Textile Industry"
6113:
Dickerson, Dianne K.; Lane, Eric; Rodriguez, Dolores (October 1999),
5318:
4555:"Primary microplastics in the oceans: a global evaluation of sources"
2640:
systems, which allow consumers to see the source factory of a product
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1997:
1981:
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in the textile industry account for 1.35% of global oil consumption.
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875:
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7208:"Waste is so last season: recycling clothes in the fashion industry"
4778:"Insight – Italy's Chinese garment workshops boom as workers suffer"
4562:
Primary micro plastics in the oceans: a global evaluation of sources
2090:
resins would be added in as well to form "easy care" cotton fabric.
2040:
is currently being tested and developed as a new fiber alternative.
1960:
exist that compare fashion brands on their 'sustainability record'.
1370:
Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals
151:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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4248:
PLATE. Product Lifetimes and the Environment Conference Proceedings
4038:
The Chronopolitics of Fashion, in S. Kipoz (ed) Slowness in Fashion
2760:
Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review
2653:
2440:
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6259:
4407:. Global Fashion Agenda and The Boston Consulting Group: 11. 2017.
2432:
dyeing. Different names for this process are Drydye and Colordry.
2098:
uses 88% less water and 62% less energy than conventional cotton.
1341:
Conference on Environment and Development, popularly known as the
1278:
in fashion encompasses a wide range of factors, including cutting
9735:
9269:
8584:
7640:
7604:
2708:"Destination Zero: seven years of Detoxing the clothing industry"
2406:
2327:
2311:
1989:
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published the EU Strategy for Sustainable and Circular Textiles.
1704:
1652:
1399:
4592:"Microplastic pollution in oceans vastly underestimated – study"
2125:
1356:
In 1992, the ESPRIT e-collection was developed by head designer
602:
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8141:
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5165:
Vistas of Vitality: Metabolisms, Circularity, Fashion-abilities
3009:
2733:"Greenpeace Calls Out Nike, Adidas and Puma for Toxic Clothing"
2049:
2029:
1977:
1322:
2251:, although quantities are smaller. Most commercially produced
1778:
origins as it is easier to sort and process. On March 30, the
1309:
In 2020, it was found that voluntary, self-directed reform of
6878:"Why is Recycled Polyester Considered a Sustainable Textile?"
6429:"Soy Clothing: Superior Softness Feels Like Your Second Skin"
4144:"Slowing the fast fashion industry: An all-round perspective"
3673:"COMMON OBJECTIVE- Fashion and Waste: An Uneasy Relationship"
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2017:
2013:
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in the dyeing process, where heat and pressure turn liquid CO
1495:
6346:"First Documented Case Of Pest Resistance To Biotech Cotton"
5376:""5 Projects Leading the Open Source Revolution in Fashion""
5233:
197:
8131:
8045:
5089:"Can an end-to-end sustainability standard change fashion?"
4642:"Synthetic microfibers: Pollution toxicity and remediation"
4365:
4215:
Emotionally durable design objects, experiences and empathy
4141:
3325:
2260:
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2192:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1924:
trying to experiment with new models, often in relation to
7584:
Shoddy : From Devil's Dust to the Renaissance of Rags
4946:
4310:
3627:
3027:
16:
Reduction of environmental impacts of the fashion industry
8273:
6596:"Classification and general properties of textile fibres"
5285:"Renting clothes is 'less green than throwing them away'"
2507:"marketing ploy", which is something that can be seen as
2142:
2021:
1498:
alone was responsible for about 706 billion kilograms of
7525:
Gardetti, Miguel Ángel; Torres, Ana Laura, eds. (2013).
6856:"Material Guide: What Is Viscose and Is It Sustainable?"
5009:(First ed.). New York, NY: WW Norton. p. 274.
3147:. Copenhagen Fashion Summit. May 3, 2012. Archived from
2511:. Greenwashing is the deceptive use of an eco-agenda in
1579:
into a sustainable solvent for the dye (supercritical CO
9474:
UN Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm 1972)
7468:. Routledge international handbooks. London; New York:
6954:
4461:"Thrift stores sell damaged items to textile recyclers"
6112:
5419:
2255:
involves feeding worms a carefully controlled diet of
2063:
chemical-intensive crops in the world, but growers in
1655:; but a study off the coast of the UK and U.S. by the
3058:
Gardetti, Migel Angel & Ana Laura Torres (2013).
1480:
Protesters holding a placard linking fast fashion to
1337:
In the early 1990s, roughly coinciding with the 1992
1317:
require policies for the creation and enforcement of
201:
Sustainable fashion displayed by Swedish models, 2020
5647:
3482:"The global environmental injustice of fast fashion"
2082:
has been historically suppressed, mainly due to the
6795:"Designers Create Vegan Leather from Coconut Water"
5798:"Top brands failing on cotton sustainability | WWF"
5527:"The Truth About Where Your Donated Clothes End Up"
2959:(2nd ed.). London; Washington, DC: Earthscan.
2914:
7332:Choi, Tsan-Ming; Cheng, T. C. Edwin, eds. (2015).
5994:. Sustainable Cotton Project. 2023. Archived from
4148:Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry
2916:
2569:there are some concerns that the influx of cheap.
1735:There is a multitude of emerging business models.
7404:Sustainable fashion and textiles: design journeys
5890:
5829:Sustainable fashion and textiles: design journeys
5747:"Saying farewell to a throwaway fashion industry"
5373:
4417:
4212:
4135:
3941:Sustainable Fashion and Textiles- Design Journeys
2957:Sustainable fashion and textiles: design journeys
2290:Manufactured fibers sit within three categories:
10259:
7466:Routledge handbook of sustainability and fashion
7175:"Shades of green: decoding eco fashion's claims"
6734:. New York, United States: Bloomsbury Academic.
6372:"Soy Clothing: The Latest In Eco-Friendly Style"
5000:
4998:
3479:
3010:Hethorn, Janet; Ulasewicz, Connie, eds. (2008).
2811:"Green Washing: Do You Know What You're Buying?"
2680:"What Does 'Sustainable Fashion' Actually Mean?"
1762:" model, a circular system named after the 2002
1270:, protect workers producing garments and uphold
7435:Fashion & sustainability: design for change
7266:
4287:"Environmental Impacts of the Fashion Industry"
3724:
2786:"Increasing Green Credentials beyond Greenwash"
2401:Alexander Bismarck and Mitchell Jones from the
1851:Environmental sustainability of vintage fashion
1824:Environmental sustainability of vintage fashion
1325:controls, subsidies, and interventions such as
9498:Rio Declaration on Environment and Development
7524:
7373:Sustainable fashion: past, present, and future
7244:. Univ. of Cambridge Inst. for Manufacturing.
6989:
6481:"Bamboo textiles no more 'natural' than rayon"
6230:"Sustainable Fashion: What is Organic Cotton?"
3750:
3441:
3380:
3212:, 25 July 2012. Retrieved on 20 December 2012.
3186:, 25 July 2012. Retrieved on 20 December 2012.
9623:
8600:
7625:
7551:
7464:Fletcher, Kate; Tham, Mathilda, eds. (2015).
7432:
7112:The Journal of Applied Business and Economics
6853:
6179:. Central Coast Vineyard Team. Archived from
5413:
5397:"Trend report: Future of Sustainable Fashion"
4995:
4366:Changing Markets Foundation (February 2021).
3893:
3816:
3777:FROM FAST FASHION TO SUSTAINABLE SLOW FASHION
3773:
3197:"Which Outfit Is Greenest? A New Rating Tool"
2877:Anon (1991). "Textiles and the Environment".
2314:(also known under the brand name Tencel) and
1976:Natural fibers are fibers which are found in
1540:was the first fashion company to receive the
1240:
563:
9637:
7747:Timeline of clothing and textiles technology
7463:
7072:"Ethical foundations in sustainable fashion"
6763:
6761:
6759:
6732:Fashion fibers: designing for sustainability
5968:Voora, V.; Larrea, C.; Bermudez, S. (2020).
5862:"Go wood: sunglasses for sustainable living"
5751:Horizon: The EU Research Innovation Magazine
5203:
4496:Environmental Science and Pollution Research
3978:Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy
3323:
3254:
2757:
2553:
7041:Fortunake, J., & Blackburn, R. (2017).
6340:
6338:
5712:Busch, Otto von (2014). "Fashion Hacking".
5429:Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management
5206:Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management
3704:"Fast Fashion Pollution and Climate Change"
2282:and PUR Projet, working with goat farmers.
1743:Some business models go under the name of "
1551:
55:Learn how and when to remove these messages
9630:
9616:
9569:
8607:
8593:
7632:
7618:
7370:
7022:
6689:"Material Guide: How Ethical Is Cashmere?"
6075:
6073:
6071:
6069:
5037:
4733:"Living Wage in Eastern Europe and Turkey"
4589:
4564:. gland, Switzerland: IUCN. Archived from
3701:
2536:
2501:
2306:). Manufactured cellulosic fibers include
1723:export large amounts of clothing into the
1247:
1233:
570:
556:
9509:Convention on Biological Diversity (1992)
7331:
7087:
7069:
7023:Rosenbloom, Stephanie (August 13, 2010).
6756:
6203:"Production and Handling – Preamble"
6145:
6143:
5918:
5908:
5893:"Bacteria Cellulose and Its Applications"
5259:
5162:
5086:
5063:
4949:"The environmental price of fast fashion"
4761:
4608:
4490:Stanescu, Michaela Dina (March 1, 2021).
4435:
4313:"The environmental price of fast fashion"
4167:
4097:"The environmental price of fast fashion"
4035:
4020:
3997:
3971:
3648:
3523:
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3121:
3108:(9) (published September 2007): A448-54,
3045:Sustainable Fashion in a Circular Economy
3042:
2834:
1332:
185:Learn how and when to remove this message
167:Learn how and when to remove this message
105:Learn how and when to remove this message
9537:UN Conference on Sustainable Development
7586:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
7494:
7406:(2nd ed.). London; Washington, DC:
7401:
7371:Farley, Jennifer; Hill, Colleen (2015).
6335:
6151:"What's the Problem With Cotton? Part I"
6079:
5826:
5147:
5105:
4489:
3864:
3546:
3327:Earth Logic Fashion Action Research Plan
3095:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3075:
2954:
2384:
2318:. Manufactured synthetic fibers include
2274:reported in Spring 2021 on a project in
2124:
2053:
1948:for virtual try-ons of clothes sold via
1475:
1421:
1262:is a term describing efforts within the
196:
7529:. Sheffield, UK: Greenleaf Publishing.
7236:
6730:Annie, Gullingsrud (February 9, 2017).
6626:
6559:
6557:
6530:
6528:
6447:
6397:
6395:
6393:
6066:
5980:from the original on February 12, 2021.
5859:
5583:
5374:Danielepasi_38178 (December 15, 2015).
5316:
5301:
5152:. London: Bloomsbury. pp. 179–203.
5004:
4897:from the original on September 20, 2019
4808:"Cotton farmers | Fairtrade Foundation"
4260:
4245:
4025:. London: Dixi Books. pp. 169–177.
3324:Fletcher, Kate; Tham, Mathilda (2019).
10260:
9107:Corporate environmental responsibility
7552:Gwilt, Alison; Rissanen, Timo (2010).
7102:
7057:SUSTAINABILITY IN THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY
6932:. yesboleh.blogspot.com. May 8, 2008.
6910:from the original on December 30, 2010
6659:"Material Guide: Is Silk Sustainable?"
6542:from the original on November 27, 2010
6499:
6435:from the original on November 21, 2010
6352:from the original on December 12, 2010
6323:from the original on December 13, 2010
6311:
6309:
6307:
6260:"Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO)"
6227:
6140:
5872:from the original on December 11, 2015
5808:from the original on February 13, 2020
5693:from the original on February 27, 2019
5662:
5537:from the original on November 16, 2010
5520:
5518:
5516:
5487:
5485:
5483:
5391:
5389:
5124:
4953:Nature Reviews Earth & Environment
4915:
4836:
4818:from the original on February 26, 2019
4713:from the original on February 26, 2019
4378:from the original on February 17, 2021
4317:Nature Reviews Earth & Environment
4265:. Amsterdam: VU University Amsterdam.
4192:"Waterless Dyeing of Textiles Using CO
4101:Nature Reviews Earth & Environment
3475:
3473:
3344:from the original on February 26, 2020
3060:Sustainability in Fashion and Textiles
2857:
2558:In Tanzania, used clothing is sold at
2285:
9611:
8588:
7613:
7433:Fletcher, Kate; Grose, Lynda (2012).
7205:
7172:
7054:
6847:
6835:from the original on January 19, 2019
6805:from the original on January 19, 2019
6775:from the original on January 19, 2019
6729:
6699:from the original on November 6, 2020
6669:from the original on November 4, 2020
6639:from the original on November 8, 2020
6593:
6409:from the original on February 3, 2011
6292:from the original on December 9, 2010
6266:from the original on December 5, 2010
6080:Vreeland, James M. Jr. (April 1999).
6054:from the original on January 31, 2011
5984:
5711:
5558:"Can clothes ever be fully recycled?"
5468:from the original on October 23, 2017
5354:
5229:
5227:
4928:from the original on January 28, 2021
4639:
4471:from the original on November 7, 2019
3911:from the original on December 2, 2020
3901:"What is Slow Fashion? - Good on You"
3810:
3744:
3584:
3580:
3578:
3376:
3374:
3362:
3220:
3218:
3084:
3071:
3069:
3028:Gwilt, Alison; Timo Rissanen (2011).
3023:
3021:
2950:
2948:
2700:
1915:to produce materials used by humans.
1426:Traditional textile manufacturing in
10232:
9480:Brundtlandt Commission Report (1983)
7890:Social media in the fashion industry
7639:
7105:"Greenwashing in the New Millennium"
7076:Textiles and Clothing Sustainability
7025:"Fashion Tries on Zero Waste Design"
6990:Rissanen, Timo (September 6, 2018).
6896:
6884:from the original on August 24, 2010
6554:
6525:
6390:
6378:from the original on January 3, 2011
5992:"Sustainable Cotton Project - About"
5949:from the original on August 24, 2010
5656:
5494:"Why clothes are so hard to recycle"
5456:"What's the Most Sustainable Fabric"
5310:
5282:
5087:Cernansky, Rachel (March 18, 2021).
4458:
3972:von Busch, Otto (December 9, 2022).
3938:
3725:Astha Rajvanshi (January 17, 2023).
3718:
3695:
3435:
2895:
2876:
2808:
2577:
2541:Though some designers have marketed
2466:"criticism" or "controversy" section
2450:
2215:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
1663:
1417:
116:
61:
20:
7605:UN Alliance for Sustainable Fashion
7287:Eco-chic : the fashion paradox
7206:Gould, Hannah (February 26, 2015).
7187:from the original on April 28, 2016
7145:Global Fashion Agenda, Pulse Report
6983:
6930:"Clothing Made of Recycled Plastic"
6608:from the original on March 28, 2018
6575:from the original on April 21, 2019
6461:from the original on April 11, 2010
6348:. Science Daily. February 8, 2008.
6304:
6240:from the original on August 8, 2020
5974:State of Sustainability Initiatives
5831:(2nd ed.). London: Routledge.
5770:
5629:from the original on August 7, 2020
5616:
5524:
5513:
5480:
5453:
5386:
5348:
5125:Earley, Rebecca (January 4, 2021).
4784:. December 30, 2013. Archived from
4621:from the original on March 29, 2021
4590:Carrington, Damian (May 22, 2020).
4424:Cleaner and Responsible Consumption
3792:"Fashion Industry Waste Statistics"
3784:
3751:McDonald, C.D. (January 26, 2017).
3470:
3317:
3236:from the original on March 12, 2021
3099:
2991:from the original on March 12, 2017
2896:Anon (1993). "Rethinking Ecology".
2202:
1971:
1847:Global trade of secondhand clothing
1828:Global trade of secondhand clothing
268:Global trade of secondhand clothing
13:
9122:Environmental full-cost accounting
8614:
7497:"Redefining 'Sustainable Fashion'"
7279:
7218:from the original on March 2, 2018
7070:Niinimäki, Kirsi (December 2015).
7045:Lecture presented at ACS Webinars.
6854:Robertson, L. (January 12, 2023).
6513:from the original on July 10, 2011
6374:. Natural Living for Women. 2010.
6209:from the original on June 14, 2012
6157:from the original on July 10, 2010
6094:from the original on July 15, 2011
5860:Capulet, Ian (February 12, 2015).
5584:Chapman, Dan (December 24, 2006).
5317:Maynard, Margaret (June 3, 2004).
5224:
4040:. London: Dixi Books. p. 175.
3817:Sarah Jackson (October 16, 2022).
3575:
3450:(2). Informa UK Limited: 221–238.
3371:
3281:
3248:
3215:
3066:
3018:
2945:
2278:being undertaken jointly with the
1794:are models that are also known as
1738:
1730:
1306:and have safe working conditions.
1161:Renewable energy commercialization
77:tone or style may not reflect the
14:
10314:
9056:Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity
7598:
7495:Friedman, Vanessa (May 7, 2022).
7312:. New York: Thames & Hudson.
6936:from the original on July 8, 2011
6228:Mankus, Modestas (May 13, 2020).
6050:. sayitgreen.com. April 6, 2009.
5744:
5555:
5491:
5454:Lee, Matilda (February 6, 2009).
5355:Farra, Emily (January 15, 2021).
5005:Freeman, Joshua Benjamin (2018).
4666:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127199
3415:
3102:Environmental Health Perspectives
3078:Craft of Use: Post Growth Fashion
2815:Environmental Health Perspectives
2633:Pollution in the fashion industry
2396:
2389:Recyclables at transfer station,
2241:
2071:and more than 10% of the world's
1796:collaborative fashion consumption
1785:
1321:certificates, along with related
441:Sustainability of vintage fashion
36:This article has multiple issues.
10231:
10222:
10221:
10211:
9779:Traditional ecological knowledge
9725:
9568:
9557:
9556:
9526:UN Millennium Declaration (2000)
8567:
7732:History of clothing and textiles
7713:
7310:The sustainable fashion handbook
7230:
7199:
7166:
7130:
7096:
7063:
7048:
7035:
7016:
6948:
6922:
6880:. O Ecotextiles. July 14, 2009.
6870:
6817:
6787:
6723:
6711:
6681:
6651:
6620:
6587:
6473:
6421:
6364:
6278:
6252:
6221:
6195:
6169:
6153:. savvybrown.com. May 10, 2010.
6106:
6040:
6010:
5961:
5935:
5884:
5853:
5820:
5790:
5764:
5738:
5705:
5675:
5641:
5610:
5591:The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
5304:"Inside fashion's rental market"
3879:10.2752/175693810X12774625387594
3702:Shukla, N. (February 21, 2022).
3561:10.2752/175693812X13403765252389
3456:10.2752/175693812X13403765252389
3257:The sustainable fashion handbook
2455:
2446:
2439:they are selling to brands like
1817:
1598:
601:
536:
522:
224:
121:
87:guide to writing better articles
66:
25:
10077:Science, technology and society
9112:Corporate social responsibility
9041:Ocean thermal energy conversion
8980:Community-supported agriculture
8665:Human impact on the environment
7665:Environmental impact of fashion
7103:Furlow, Nancy E. (March 2010).
6431:. Cool Organic Clothing. 2008.
6082:"The Revival of Colored Cotton"
6048:"Your Grandkids Will Thank You"
5617:Aus, Reet (November 30, 2011).
5577:
5549:
5525:Lee, Mike (December 21, 2006).
5447:
5367:
5295:
5276:
5197:
5171:
5156:
5141:
5131:National Academy of Engineering
5118:
5099:
5080:
5031:
4940:
4909:
4877:
4830:
4800:
4770:
4755:
4725:
4695:
4633:
4602:
4583:
4546:
4483:
4452:
4411:
4398:"Pulse of the Fashion Industry"
4390:
4359:
4304:
4279:
4254:
4239:
4206:
4184:
4088:
4054:Environmental Chemistry Letters
4044:
4029:
4014:
3965:
3947:
3932:
3923:
3858:
3833:
3767:
3686:
3665:
3621:
3540:
3409:
3356:
3330:. London: JJ Charitable Trust.
3289:"Pulse of The Fashion Industry"
3189:
3171:"Sustainability Index Unveiled"
3163:
3137:
3051:
3036:
3003:
2973:
2908:
2604:Environmental impact of fashion
2589:Biodegradable athletic footwear
2518:
2167:and cotton sales rose sharply.
1911:refers to the process of using
1868:building insulation or carpet.
1688:Impact of fast fashion in China
1605:Environmental impact of fashion
1514:
1465:
334:Biodegradable athletic footwear
234:Environmental impact of fashion
44:or discuss these issues on the
9352:Socially responsible marketing
7173:Smith, Ray A. (May 24, 2008).
5970:"Global Market Report: Cotton"
5663:Jewell, Catherine (May 2023).
5422:"What is sustainable fashion?"
5240:Environmental Research Letters
5106:Modefica (February 12, 2020).
4250:– via PLATE 2019 Berlin.
3774:Millward-Pena, Isabel (2022).
2889:
2870:
2851:
2802:
2778:
2751:
2725:
2672:
2416:
2352:
2213:Furnished by a grant from the
1918:
389:Socially responsible investing
1:
9918:Religion and environmentalism
9543:Sustainable Development Goals
9347:Socially responsible business
6904:"What is Recycled Polyester?"
5648:Biomimicry Institute (2020).
5302:Courier (December 27, 2021).
4459:Culp, Alice (July 11, 2014).
4405:Pulse of the Fashion Industry
3999:10.1080/15487733.2022.2069996
3753:"The History of Fast Fashion"
3012:Sustainable Fashion: Why Now?
2665:
2469:may compromise the article's
2101:Companies have also produced
1674:exposed to toxic substances.
1542:World Fair Trade Organization
938:Socially responsible business
714:Bright green environmentalism
10273:Clothing and the environment
9981:Environmental interpretation
6627:truents (October 27, 2010).
6405:. the-eco-market.com. 2009.
6018:"Cotton and the environment"
5594:. gciatl.com. Archived from
5283:Elan, Priya (July 6, 2021).
5056:10.1016/j.bushor.2017.07.003
2915:Meadows, Donella H. (1982).
2430:supercritical carbon dioxide
1963:
1840:
1703:The opening up of China and
1625:. The report suggested that
1189:Environmental pricing reform
493:Environmental record of Nike
7:
9954:Environmental communication
9372:Sustainability organization
9157:Standards and certification
8748:Social return on investment
7138:"Pulse Fashion Report 2017"
7055:Mutha, Subramaniam (2017).
6319:. University of San Diego.
6288:. University of San Diego.
6262:. University of San Diego.
5325:Manchester University Press
4552:
4200:Global Opportunity Explorer
4169:10.1016/j.cogsc.2022.100684
3637:Journal of Material Culture
3383:Journal of Consumer Culture
3145:"Copenhagen Fashion Summit"
3030:Shaping Sustainable Fashion
2809:Dahl, Richard (June 2010).
2572:
2310:made from bamboo and wood,
1593:
943:Social return on investment
359:Environmental impact design
147:the claims made and adding
10:
10319:
9769:Environmental anthropology
8797:Systemic change resistance
7737:History of Western fashion
7582:Shell, Hanna Rose (2020).
7556:. London; Washington, DC:
6969:10.1038/s41893-020-00606-1
6177:"Sustainable Ag Q & A"
5722:10.5040/9781474293907-0009
5038:Todeschini, Bruna (2017).
4766:. Cambridge: Polity Press.
4516:10.1007/s11356-021-12416-9
4437:10.1016/j.clrc.2021.100029
4213:Chapman, Jonathan (2015).
4074:10.1007/s10311-021-01214-x
3255:Black, Sandy, ed. (2013).
3230:publications.parliament.uk
3032:(1st ed.). Earthscan.
2522:
2375:polyethylene terephthalate
2362:
2356:
2206:
2174:
2140:
2047:
1844:
1821:
1685:
1681:
1657:Plymouth Marine Laboratory
1602:
1555:
1518:
1469:
1454:and garment workers. The "
1394:
928:Pollution haven hypothesis
923:Natural resource economics
908:High-performance buildings
10278:Sustainability by subject
10207:
10112:
10014:
9936:
9898:
9830:
9787:
9734:
9723:
9645:
9552:
9463:
9400:
9172:
9099:
9008:
8975:Climate-smart agriculture
8960:
8932:
8889:
8843:
8810:
8683:
8640:
8622:
8562:
8514:
8466:
8363:
8254:
8177:
8112:
8103:
8066:
7987:
7913:
7788:
7765:
7742:History of fashion design
7722:
7711:
7657:
7651:Index of fashion articles
7648:
7346:10.1007/978-3-319-12703-3
7089:10.1186/s40689-015-0002-1
6992:Zero waste fashion design
6022:Organic Trade Association
5441:10.1108/JFMM-07-2015-0052
5218:10.1108/JFMM-09-2016-0086
5183:circulareconomy.europa.eu
4973:10.1038/s43017-020-0039-9
4337:10.1038/s43017-020-0039-9
4121:10.1038/s43017-020-0039-9
3650:10.1177/13591835221088524
3507:10.1186/s12940-018-0433-7
3043:Niinimaki, Kirsi (2018).
2772:10.1016/j.tre.2017.09.010
2554:Second-hand controversies
2531:environmental degradation
2426:Zero-waste pattern making
2170:
2043:
1458:" movement, particularly
691:Climate change mitigation
10184:Sustainable architecture
10122:Arts and Crafts movement
9986:Environmental journalism
9880:Environmental philosophy
9639:Environmental humanities
9117:Environmental accounting
8866:Sustainable architecture
8856:Environmental technology
8122:British country clothing
7680:Fashion design copyright
7439:Laurence King Publishing
7402:Fletcher, Kate (2014) .
6629:"Natural Protein Fibres"
5261:10.1088/1748-9326/abfac3
5167:. New York: SelfPassage.
5163:Von Busch, Otto (2021).
4863:10.1177/0013916517732109
4843:Environment and Behavior
4036:von Busch, Otto (2020).
4021:von Busch, Otto (2020).
3599:10.2752/175174108X346922
3395:10.1177/1469540516668227
2548:Federal Trade Commission
2080:naturally colored cotton
1552:Garment use and lifespan
1511:Bangladesh and Vietnam.
1131:Environmental technology
774:Ecological modernization
729:Corporate sustainability
10298:Environmental economics
10288:Sustainable development
10006:Thematic interpretation
9959:Environmental education
9759:Ecological anthropology
9665:Environmental sculpture
8990:Sustainable agriculture
8481:Anti-sweatshop movement
7180:The Wall Street Journal
6994:. Bloomsbury Academic.
6906:. Natural Environment.
6509:. eartheasy.com. 2010.
5827:Fletcher, Kate (2014).
5714:Design as Future-Making
5650:"The Nature of Fashion"
5320:Dress and Globalization
5148:Rissanen, Timo (2015).
4640:Singh, Rojalin (2020).
4609:Harding-Rolls, George.
4553:Boucher, D.; Friot, D.
4261:Maldini, Irene (2019).
3953:
3259:. Thames & Hudson.
3076:Fletcher, Kate (2016).
2955:Fletcher, Kate (2008).
2537:Materials controversies
2502:Marketing controversies
1764:book with the same name
1544:product label in 2013.
1204:Green industrial policy
918:Marginal abatement cost
841:Fiscal environmentalism
658:Personal carbon trading
628:Carbon fee and dividend
623:Carbon emission trading
595:Environmental economics
10157:Landscape architecture
10104:Sustainability studies
9913:Environmental theology
9533:(Rio+10, Johannesburg)
9402:Sustainable management
9387:Urban drainage systems
9127:Environmental planning
9091:Water recycling shower
9081:Tidal stream generator
8876:Sustainable industries
8835:Sustainable population
8820:Demographic transition
8802:Tragedy of the commons
8532:Chinoiserie in fashion
7147:. 2017. Archived from
6829:www.plantbasednews.org
4837:Geiger, Sonja (2018).
4739:. 2017. Archived from
4737:Clean Clothes Campaign
2879:International Textiles
2858:Neuman, Salla (2019).
2393:
2136:
2133:
2108:Bacillus thuringiensis
2059:
1505:gross domestic product
1484:
1435:
1333:Background and history
1294:and waste, supporting
1141:Fossil fuel divestment
379:Reconstructed clothing
369:Public interest design
202:
9976:Environmental history
9875:Environmental justice
9425:Humanistic capitalism
9240:Environmental finance
8881:Sustainable packaging
7868:Fashion merchandising
7308:Black, Sandy (2013).
7289:. London: Black Dog.
7285:Black, Sandy (2008).
6957:Nature Sustainability
6569:Iowa State University
6457:. D6 Clothing. 2010.
5910:10.3390/polym14061080
5687:www.ifm.eng.cam.ac.uk
4916:Farmbrough, Heather.
4762:Entwistle, J (2000).
3296:Global Fashion Agenda
2644:Reusable shopping bag
2388:
2128:
2084:Industrial Revolution
2057:
1686:Further information:
1556:Further information:
1479:
1425:
1391:for repair services.
1311:textile manufacturing
1268:environmental impacts
1199:Free public transport
1146:Fossil fuel phase-out
668:Social cost of carbon
200:
10303:Sustainable business
10152:Environmental design
10032:Biophilia hypothesis
9870:Environmental ethics
9840:Aesthetics of nature
9392:Urban infrastructure
9086:Water heat recycling
8909:Conservation biology
8753:Steady-state economy
8728:Micro-sustainability
8713:Ecological footprint
8670:Planetary boundaries
8443:South Korean fashion
7905:Trickle-down fashion
7843:Fashion illustration
7828:Fashion entrepreneur
7705:Semiotics of fashion
6090:. perunaturtex.com.
5998:on February 14, 2005
5598:on November 22, 2010
4812:www.fairtrade.org.uk
4788:on February 27, 2019
4743:on February 27, 2019
3486:Environmental Health
3363:Brown, Sass (2010).
3195:Binkley, Christina.
3114:10.1289/ehp.115-a449
3080:. London: Routledge.
3047:. Aalto ARTIS Books.
2827:10.1289/ehp.118-a246
2513:marketing strategies
2436:3D seamless knitting
2403:University of Vienna
2391:Gainesville, Florida
2103:genetically modified
1452:developing countries
1194:Environmental tariff
819:full-cost accounting
784:Efficient energy use
769:Ecological footprint
764:Ecological economics
354:Environmental design
253:Ecological footprint
10194:Sustainable fashion
9493:Earth Summit (1992)
9147:Metrics and indices
9000:Sustainable fishery
8919:Holocene extinction
8738:Product stewardship
8708:Earth Overshoot Day
8491:Sustainable fashion
8458:Vietnamese clothing
7989:Western dress codes
7863:Fashion photography
7838:Fashion forecasting
7377:Bloomsbury Academic
6665:. October 3, 2018.
6455:"Bamboo vs. Cotton"
6286:"How Does Bt Work?"
6087:Scientific American
5252:2021ERL....16e4069L
4965:2020NRvEE...1..189N
4855:2018EnvBe..50.1119G
4658:2020Chmsp.25727199S
4508:2021ESPR...2814253S
4502:(12): 14253–14270.
4329:2020NRvEE...1..189N
4160:2022COGSC..3800684C
4113:2020NRvEE...1..189N
4066:2021EnvCL..19.2967D
3990:2022SSPP...18..400V
3961:. October 10, 2013.
3841:"Story Map Journal"
3498:2018EnvHe..17...92B
3209:Wall Street Journal
2609:Ethical consumerism
2286:Manufactured fibers
2280:Burberry Foundation
2038:Bacterial cellulose
1958:comparison websites
1889:post-consumer waste
1808:Open-source content
1790:Fashion rental and
1780:European Commission
1747:," inspired by the
1619:developed countries
1567:from 1975 to 2018.
1558:Textile performance
1428:Teotitlán del Valle
1260:Sustainable fashion
1126:Carbon-neutral fuel
789:Energy conservation
283:Textile performance
10217:Environment portal
10189:Sustainable design
9822:Outdoor literature
9749:Cultural landscape
9675:Landscape painting
8952:Sustainable energy
8914:Endangered species
8871:Sustainable design
8785:Consumer behaviour
8574:Fashion portal
8522:Ballet and fashion
8506:Zero-waste fashion
8222:Sportswear fashion
7900:Trickle-up fashion
7885:Red carpet fashion
7853:Fashion journalism
7848:Fashion influencer
7502:The New York Times
7238:Allwood, Julian M.
7154:on October 4, 2019
7029:The New York Times
6771:. March 12, 2015.
6695:. April 11, 2019.
6594:Haung, HC (1994).
6538:. Natural Fibers.
6487:. February 1, 2010
5409:on March 21, 2018.
4893:. April 24, 2019.
4764:The fashioned body
4465:South Bend Tribune
3202:2013-05-24 at the
3183:Women's Wear Daily
3176:2016-05-29 at the
3014:. Fairchild Books.
2923:. Universe Books.
2478:through discussion
2394:
2134:
2060:
1928:'s notion of the "
1885:pre-consumer waste
1485:
1440:social preferences
1436:
1298:and ensuring that
1166:Sustainable energy
1151:Low-carbon economy
990:consumer behaviour
543:Environment portal
503:Laundry wastewater
451:Zero-waste fashion
203:
132:possibly contains
10255:
10254:
10147:Educational trail
10137:Ecological design
9996:Outdoor education
9991:Environmental law
9923:Spiritual ecology
9885:Predation problem
9712:Site-specific art
9660:Environmental art
9605:
9604:
9531:Earth Summit 2002
9514:Lisbon Principles
9486:Our Common Future
9164:Sustainable yield
8970:Civic agriculture
8723:Green consumption
8660:Global governance
8582:
8581:
8549:Music and fashion
8359:
8358:
8309:Thrift store chic
8137:Cruise collection
8099:
8098:
8024:Black lounge suit
7808:Designer clothing
7803:Clothing industry
7670:Fashion accessory
7592:9-780226-698-22-9
6028:on April 16, 2015
5771:Fadelli, Ingrid.
5745:Wills, Jennifer.
5044:Business Horizons
4849:(10): 1119–1144.
3337:978-1-5272-5415-2
3305:on March 22, 2019
2662:
2661:
2649:Textile recycling
2623:Green consumption
2499:
2498:
2292:cellulosic fibers
2233:and can foster a
2183:pesticide control
1792:clothing swapping
1772:William McDonough
1768:Michael Braungart
1664:Social and ethics
1418:Production models
1257:
1256:
1121:Carbon neutrality
1110:2000-watt society
1104:Energy transition
1015:development goals
933:Social accounting
653:Environmental tax
648:Emissions trading
580:
579:
498:Ecological design
436:Textile recycling
195:
194:
187:
177:
176:
169:
134:original research
115:
114:
107:
81:used on Knowledge
79:encyclopedic tone
59:
10310:
10235:
10234:
10225:
10224:
10215:
10127:Acoustic ecology
9860:Ecophenomenology
9845:Critical realism
9744:Cultural ecology
9729:
9632:
9625:
9618:
9609:
9608:
9572:
9571:
9560:
9559:
9504:Agenda 21 (1992)
9475:
9440:Natural resource
9327:Organic movement
9302:Impact investing
9021:Hydroelectricity
8995:Sustainable diet
8947:Renewable energy
8942:Carbon footprint
8924:Invasive species
8861:Natural building
8812:World population
8773:Marketing myopia
8733:Over-consumption
8703:Circular economy
8698:Anti-consumerism
8655:Environmentalism
8609:
8602:
8595:
8586:
8585:
8572:
8571:
8570:
8527:Capsule wardrobe
8486:Circular fashion
8468:Fashion activism
8433:Nigerian fashion
8428:Japanese fashion
8386:Filipino fashion
8376:Canadian fashion
8371:American fashion
8110:
8109:
7985:
7984:
7717:
7634:
7627:
7620:
7611:
7610:
7579:
7548:
7521:
7519:
7517:
7491:
7460:
7429:
7398:
7367:
7273:
7270:
7264:
7263:
7234:
7228:
7227:
7225:
7223:
7203:
7197:
7196:
7194:
7192:
7170:
7164:
7163:
7161:
7159:
7153:
7142:
7134:
7128:
7127:
7109:
7100:
7094:
7093:
7091:
7067:
7061:
7060:
7052:
7046:
7039:
7033:
7032:
7020:
7014:
7013:
6987:
6981:
6980:
6952:
6946:
6945:
6943:
6941:
6926:
6920:
6919:
6917:
6915:
6900:
6894:
6893:
6891:
6889:
6874:
6868:
6867:
6865:
6863:
6851:
6845:
6844:
6842:
6840:
6831:. May 20, 2018.
6821:
6815:
6814:
6812:
6810:
6791:
6785:
6784:
6782:
6780:
6765:
6754:
6753:
6727:
6721:
6715:
6709:
6708:
6706:
6704:
6685:
6679:
6678:
6676:
6674:
6655:
6649:
6648:
6646:
6644:
6624:
6618:
6617:
6615:
6613:
6607:
6600:
6591:
6585:
6584:
6582:
6580:
6561:
6552:
6551:
6549:
6547:
6532:
6523:
6522:
6520:
6518:
6503:
6497:
6496:
6494:
6492:
6477:
6471:
6470:
6468:
6466:
6451:
6445:
6444:
6442:
6440:
6425:
6419:
6418:
6416:
6414:
6399:
6388:
6387:
6385:
6383:
6368:
6362:
6361:
6359:
6357:
6342:
6333:
6332:
6330:
6328:
6317:"Bt Cotton Data"
6313:
6302:
6301:
6299:
6297:
6282:
6276:
6275:
6273:
6271:
6256:
6250:
6249:
6247:
6245:
6225:
6219:
6218:
6216:
6214:
6199:
6193:
6192:
6190:
6188:
6183:on June 23, 2009
6173:
6167:
6166:
6164:
6162:
6147:
6138:
6137:
6136:
6134:
6129:on July 19, 2011
6128:
6121:
6110:
6104:
6103:
6101:
6099:
6077:
6064:
6063:
6061:
6059:
6044:
6038:
6037:
6035:
6033:
6024:. Archived from
6014:
6008:
6007:
6005:
6003:
5988:
5982:
5981:
5965:
5959:
5958:
5956:
5954:
5939:
5933:
5932:
5922:
5912:
5888:
5882:
5881:
5879:
5877:
5857:
5851:
5850:
5824:
5818:
5817:
5815:
5813:
5794:
5788:
5787:
5785:
5783:
5768:
5762:
5761:
5759:
5757:
5742:
5736:
5735:
5709:
5703:
5702:
5700:
5698:
5679:
5673:
5672:
5660:
5654:
5653:
5645:
5639:
5638:
5636:
5634:
5619:"Trash to Trend"
5614:
5608:
5607:
5605:
5603:
5581:
5575:
5574:
5572:
5570:
5553:
5547:
5546:
5544:
5542:
5522:
5511:
5510:
5508:
5506:
5492:Beall, Abigail.
5489:
5478:
5477:
5475:
5473:
5451:
5445:
5444:
5426:
5417:
5411:
5410:
5408:
5402:. Archived from
5401:
5393:
5384:
5383:
5371:
5365:
5364:
5352:
5346:
5345:
5343:
5341:
5314:
5308:
5307:
5299:
5293:
5292:
5280:
5274:
5273:
5263:
5231:
5222:
5221:
5201:
5195:
5194:
5192:
5190:
5175:
5169:
5168:
5160:
5154:
5153:
5145:
5139:
5138:
5122:
5116:
5115:
5103:
5097:
5096:
5084:
5078:
5077:
5067:
5035:
5029:
5028:
5002:
4993:
4992:
4944:
4938:
4937:
4935:
4933:
4913:
4907:
4906:
4904:
4902:
4881:
4875:
4874:
4834:
4828:
4827:
4825:
4823:
4804:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4793:
4774:
4768:
4767:
4759:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4748:
4729:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4718:
4699:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4688:
4637:
4631:
4630:
4628:
4626:
4615:Changing Markets
4611:"Fossil fashion"
4606:
4600:
4599:
4587:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4576:
4571:on March 1, 2017
4570:
4559:
4550:
4544:
4543:
4487:
4481:
4480:
4478:
4476:
4456:
4450:
4449:
4439:
4415:
4409:
4408:
4402:
4394:
4388:
4387:
4385:
4383:
4372:Changing Markets
4368:"Fossil Fashion"
4363:
4357:
4356:
4308:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4297:
4291:SustainYourStyle
4283:
4277:
4276:
4258:
4252:
4251:
4243:
4237:
4236:
4210:
4204:
4203:
4188:
4182:
4181:
4171:
4139:
4133:
4132:
4092:
4086:
4085:
4060:(4): 2967–2980.
4048:
4042:
4041:
4033:
4027:
4026:
4018:
4012:
4011:
4001:
3969:
3963:
3962:
3951:
3945:
3944:
3939:Fletcher, Kate.
3936:
3930:
3927:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3916:
3897:
3891:
3890:
3867:Fashion Practice
3862:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3851:
3837:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3814:
3808:
3807:
3805:
3803:
3788:
3782:
3781:
3771:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3760:
3748:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3722:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3711:
3699:
3693:
3690:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3679:
3669:
3663:
3662:
3652:
3634:
3625:
3619:
3618:
3582:
3573:
3572:
3549:Fashion Practice
3544:
3538:
3537:
3527:
3509:
3477:
3468:
3467:
3444:Fashion Practice
3439:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3413:
3407:
3406:
3378:
3369:
3368:
3367:. Laurence King.
3360:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3321:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3304:
3298:. Archived from
3293:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3252:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3222:
3213:
3193:
3187:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3141:
3135:
3134:
3125:
3097:
3082:
3081:
3073:
3064:
3063:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3025:
3016:
3015:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2952:
2943:
2942:
2922:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2838:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2790:
2782:
2776:
2775:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2739:. August 9, 2011
2729:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2712:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2688:. April 19, 2021
2676:
2614:Fashion activism
2578:
2494:
2491:
2485:
2459:
2458:
2451:
2369:Plastic clothing
2296:synthetic fibers
2235:cradle-to-cradle
2203:Kombucha (SCOBY)
2000:fibers include:
1972:Cellulose fibers
1897:cycles of nature
1835:vintage clothing
1804:Tailored couture
1760:cradle-to-cradle
1749:circular economy
1745:circular fashion
1709:living standards
1627:synthetic fibers
1500:greenhouse gases
1400:Fashion industry
1343:Rio Earth Summit
1264:fashion industry
1249:
1242:
1235:
1115:Alternative fuel
1005:design standards
913:Impact investing
719:Circular economy
686:Carbon footprint
605:
582:
581:
572:
565:
558:
545:
541:
540:
531:
527:
526:
525:
508:Vintage clothing
349:Cotton recycling
339:Circular fashion
273:Impact investing
228:
217:Clothing and the
205:
204:
190:
183:
172:
165:
161:
158:
152:
149:inline citations
125:
124:
117:
110:
103:
99:
96:
90:
89:for suggestions.
85:See Knowledge's
70:
69:
62:
51:
29:
28:
21:
10318:
10317:
10313:
10312:
10311:
10309:
10308:
10307:
10258:
10257:
10256:
10251:
10203:
10108:
10099:Spirit of place
10082:science studies
10066:common property
10062:Property theory
10057:Popular science
10047:Natural history
10010:
10001:Psychogeography
9932:
9894:
9826:
9783:
9730:
9721:
9717:Sustainable art
9707:Sculpture trail
9641:
9636:
9606:
9601:
9548:
9473:
9465:
9464:Agreements and
9459:
9396:
9200:Climate finance
9168:
9095:
9051:Reclaimed water
9004:
8956:
8928:
8885:
8839:
8825:Family planning
8806:
8679:
8636:
8618:
8613:
8583:
8578:
8568:
8566:
8558:
8510:
8462:
8448:Swedish fashion
8438:Russian fashion
8416:Italian fashion
8411:Israeli fashion
8406:Iranian fashion
8381:Chinese fashion
8355:
8250:
8246:Vintage fashion
8234:Ghetto fabulous
8173:
8127:Business casual
8095:
8062:
7983:
7915:
7909:
7823:Fashion capital
7813:Digital fashion
7784:
7761:
7718:
7709:
7700:Fashion tourism
7653:
7644:
7638:
7601:
7568:
7537:
7515:
7513:
7480:
7449:
7418:
7387:
7356:
7282:
7280:Further reading
7277:
7276:
7271:
7267:
7252:
7235:
7231:
7221:
7219:
7204:
7200:
7190:
7188:
7171:
7167:
7157:
7155:
7151:
7140:
7136:
7135:
7131:
7107:
7101:
7097:
7068:
7064:
7053:
7049:
7040:
7036:
7021:
7017:
7002:
6988:
6984:
6953:
6949:
6939:
6937:
6928:
6927:
6923:
6913:
6911:
6902:
6901:
6897:
6887:
6885:
6876:
6875:
6871:
6861:
6859:
6852:
6848:
6838:
6836:
6823:
6822:
6818:
6808:
6806:
6793:
6792:
6788:
6778:
6776:
6767:
6766:
6757:
6742:
6728:
6724:
6716:
6712:
6702:
6700:
6687:
6686:
6682:
6672:
6670:
6657:
6656:
6652:
6642:
6640:
6625:
6621:
6611:
6609:
6605:
6598:
6592:
6588:
6578:
6576:
6563:
6562:
6555:
6545:
6543:
6534:
6533:
6526:
6516:
6514:
6507:"Hemp Clothing"
6505:
6504:
6500:
6490:
6488:
6479:
6478:
6474:
6464:
6462:
6453:
6452:
6448:
6438:
6436:
6427:
6426:
6422:
6412:
6410:
6401:
6400:
6391:
6381:
6379:
6370:
6369:
6365:
6355:
6353:
6344:
6343:
6336:
6326:
6324:
6315:
6314:
6305:
6295:
6293:
6284:
6283:
6279:
6269:
6267:
6258:
6257:
6253:
6243:
6241:
6226:
6222:
6212:
6210:
6201:
6200:
6196:
6186:
6184:
6175:
6174:
6170:
6160:
6158:
6149:
6148:
6141:
6132:
6130:
6126:
6119:
6111:
6107:
6097:
6095:
6078:
6067:
6057:
6055:
6046:
6045:
6041:
6031:
6029:
6016:
6015:
6011:
6001:
5999:
5990:
5989:
5985:
5966:
5962:
5952:
5950:
5943:"Cotton Fabric"
5941:
5940:
5936:
5889:
5885:
5875:
5873:
5858:
5854:
5839:
5825:
5821:
5811:
5809:
5796:
5795:
5791:
5781:
5779:
5769:
5765:
5755:
5753:
5743:
5739:
5732:
5710:
5706:
5696:
5694:
5681:
5680:
5676:
5661:
5657:
5646:
5642:
5632:
5630:
5615:
5611:
5601:
5599:
5582:
5578:
5568:
5566:
5554:
5550:
5540:
5538:
5523:
5514:
5504:
5502:
5490:
5481:
5471:
5469:
5452:
5448:
5424:
5418:
5414:
5406:
5399:
5395:
5394:
5387:
5372:
5368:
5353:
5349:
5339:
5337:
5335:
5315:
5311:
5300:
5296:
5281:
5277:
5232:
5225:
5202:
5198:
5188:
5186:
5177:
5176:
5172:
5161:
5157:
5146:
5142:
5123:
5119:
5104:
5100:
5085:
5081:
5036:
5032:
5017:
5003:
4996:
4945:
4941:
4931:
4929:
4914:
4910:
4900:
4898:
4883:
4882:
4878:
4835:
4831:
4821:
4819:
4806:
4805:
4801:
4791:
4789:
4776:
4775:
4771:
4760:
4756:
4746:
4744:
4731:
4730:
4726:
4716:
4714:
4701:
4700:
4696:
4686:
4684:
4638:
4634:
4624:
4622:
4607:
4603:
4588:
4584:
4574:
4572:
4568:
4557:
4551:
4547:
4488:
4484:
4474:
4472:
4457:
4453:
4416:
4412:
4400:
4396:
4395:
4391:
4381:
4379:
4364:
4360:
4309:
4305:
4295:
4293:
4285:
4284:
4280:
4273:
4259:
4255:
4244:
4240:
4225:
4211:
4207:
4195:
4190:
4189:
4185:
4140:
4136:
4093:
4089:
4049:
4045:
4034:
4030:
4019:
4015:
3970:
3966:
3952:
3948:
3937:
3933:
3928:
3924:
3914:
3912:
3899:
3898:
3894:
3863:
3859:
3849:
3847:
3839:
3838:
3834:
3824:
3822:
3815:
3811:
3801:
3799:
3798:. July 20, 2016
3790:
3789:
3785:
3772:
3768:
3758:
3756:
3755:. FORÇ Magazine
3749:
3745:
3735:
3733:
3723:
3719:
3709:
3707:
3700:
3696:
3691:
3687:
3677:
3675:
3671:
3670:
3666:
3632:
3626:
3622:
3583:
3576:
3545:
3541:
3478:
3471:
3440:
3436:
3426:
3424:
3414:
3410:
3379:
3372:
3361:
3357:
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3338:
3322:
3318:
3308:
3306:
3302:
3291:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3267:
3253:
3249:
3239:
3237:
3224:
3223:
3216:
3204:Wayback Machine
3194:
3190:
3178:Wayback Machine
3168:
3164:
3154:
3152:
3151:on May 24, 2012
3143:
3142:
3138:
3098:
3085:
3074:
3067:
3056:
3052:
3041:
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3026:
3019:
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3004:
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2979:
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2890:
2875:
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2856:
2852:
2807:
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2779:
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2752:
2742:
2740:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2691:
2689:
2678:
2677:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2638:Product tracing
2594:Digital fashion
2584:Bamboo textiles
2575:
2556:
2539:
2527:
2521:
2504:
2495:
2489:
2486:
2475:
2464:This article's
2460:
2456:
2449:
2419:
2399:
2371:
2365:Synthetic fiber
2361:
2355:
2316:polylactic acid
2288:
2244:
2211:
2205:
2179:
2173:
2145:
2139:
2119:Helicoverpa zea
2052:
2046:
1974:
1966:
1921:
1853:
1843:
1830:
1822:Main articles:
1820:
1788:
1741:
1739:Circular models
1733:
1731:Business models
1690:
1684:
1666:
1607:
1601:
1596:
1588:emotional bonds
1582:
1578:
1574:
1560:
1554:
1523:
1517:
1474:
1468:
1420:
1397:
1389:value-added tax
1335:
1300:garment workers
1283:
1253:
1224:
1223:
1179:
1171:
1170:
1105:
1097:
1096:
1082:Thermoeconomics
836:Ethical banking
724:Climate finance
709:
701:
700:
681:
673:
672:
613:
576:
535:
534:
523:
521:
520:
513:
512:
474:Green marketing
469:Business ethics
464:
456:
455:
324:
316:
315:
296:
288:
287:
248:Cotton industry
243:
218:
191:
180:
179:
178:
173:
162:
156:
153:
138:
126:
122:
111:
100:
94:
91:
84:
75:This article's
71:
67:
30:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
10316:
10306:
10305:
10300:
10295:
10293:Sustainability
10290:
10285:
10280:
10275:
10270:
10253:
10252:
10250:
10249:
10244:
10239:
10229:
10219:
10208:
10205:
10204:
10202:
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10124:
10118:
10116:
10110:
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10107:
10106:
10101:
10096:
10091:
10086:
10085:
10084:
10074:
10069:
10059:
10054:
10044:
10037:Do it yourself
10034:
10029:
10024:
10022:Animal studies
10018:
10016:
10012:
10011:
10009:
10008:
10003:
9998:
9993:
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9930:
9925:
9920:
9915:
9910:
9904:
9902:
9896:
9895:
9893:
9892:
9890:Social ecology
9887:
9882:
9877:
9872:
9867:
9862:
9857:
9852:
9847:
9842:
9836:
9834:
9828:
9827:
9825:
9824:
9819:
9817:Nature writing
9814:
9809:
9804:
9799:
9797:Ecocomposition
9793:
9791:
9785:
9784:
9782:
9781:
9776:
9771:
9766:
9761:
9756:
9754:Ecolinguistics
9751:
9746:
9740:
9738:
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9731:
9724:
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9720:
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9714:
9709:
9704:
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9553:
9550:
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9547:
9546:
9540:
9539:(Rio+20, 2012)
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9506:
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9482:
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9319:
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9299:
9294:
9293:
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9287:
9285:Infrastructure
9282:
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9267:
9262:
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9247:
9242:
9237:
9232:
9227:
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9217:
9215:Eco-capitalism
9212:
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9149:
9144:
9139:
9132:Sustainability
9129:
9124:
9119:
9114:
9109:
9103:
9101:
9100:Accountability
9097:
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8804:
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8787:
8777:
8776:
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8770:
8765:
8758:Sustainability
8755:
8750:
8745:
8740:
8735:
8730:
8725:
8720:
8715:
8710:
8705:
8700:
8695:
8693:Anthropization
8689:
8687:
8681:
8680:
8678:
8677:
8672:
8667:
8662:
8657:
8652:
8646:
8644:
8638:
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8623:
8620:
8619:
8616:Sustainability
8612:
8611:
8604:
8597:
8589:
8580:
8579:
8577:
8576:
8563:
8560:
8559:
8557:
8556:
8554:Fashion victim
8551:
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8509:
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8470:
8464:
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8455:
8450:
8445:
8440:
8435:
8430:
8425:
8424:
8423:
8413:
8408:
8403:
8401:Indian fashion
8398:
8396:German fashion
8393:
8391:French fashion
8388:
8383:
8378:
8373:
8367:
8365:
8361:
8360:
8357:
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8260:
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8231:
8230:
8229:
8224:
8219:
8214:
8204:
8199:
8194:
8189:
8183:
8181:
8179:Street fashion
8175:
8174:
8172:
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8166:
8161:
8156:
8151:
8150:
8149:
8139:
8134:
8129:
8124:
8118:
8116:
8107:
8101:
8100:
8097:
8096:
8094:
8093:
8091:Modest fashion
8088:
8083:
8078:
8072:
8070:
8064:
8063:
8061:
8060:
8059:
8058:
8053:
8051:Cocktail dress
8048:
8038:
8037:
8036:
8031:
8026:
8016:
8015:
8014:
8009:
8004:
7993:
7991:
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7908:
7907:
7902:
7897:
7892:
7887:
7882:
7881:
7880:
7870:
7865:
7860:
7855:
7850:
7845:
7840:
7835:
7833:Fashion editor
7830:
7825:
7820:
7815:
7810:
7805:
7800:
7794:
7792:
7786:
7785:
7783:
7782:
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7754:
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7728:
7726:
7720:
7719:
7712:
7710:
7708:
7707:
7702:
7697:
7692:
7690:Fashion museum
7687:
7685:Fashion matrix
7682:
7677:
7675:Fashion design
7672:
7667:
7661:
7659:
7655:
7654:
7649:
7646:
7645:
7637:
7636:
7629:
7622:
7614:
7608:
7607:
7600:
7599:External links
7597:
7596:
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7580:
7566:
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7399:
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7306:
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7265:
7251:978-1902546520
7250:
7229:
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7034:
7015:
7001:978-1350094833
7000:
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6786:
6755:
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6650:
6633:Textile School
6619:
6586:
6571:. April 2016.
6553:
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5609:
5576:
5548:
5512:
5479:
5446:
5435:(4): 400–416.
5412:
5385:
5366:
5347:
5333:
5309:
5294:
5275:
5223:
5212:(4): 468–482.
5196:
5185:. July 8, 2022
5170:
5155:
5140:
5117:
5098:
5093:Vogue Business
5079:
5050:(6): 759–770.
5030:
5015:
4994:
4959:(4): 189–200.
4939:
4908:
4876:
4829:
4799:
4769:
4754:
4724:
4694:
4632:
4601:
4582:
4545:
4482:
4451:
4410:
4389:
4358:
4323:(4): 189–200.
4303:
4278:
4271:
4253:
4238:
4223:
4205:
4202:. May 6, 2019.
4193:
4183:
4134:
4107:(4): 189–200.
4087:
4043:
4028:
4013:
3984:(1): 400–409.
3964:
3946:
3931:
3922:
3892:
3873:(2): 259–265.
3857:
3845:www.arcgis.com
3832:
3809:
3783:
3766:
3743:
3717:
3694:
3685:
3664:
3643:(3): 219–237.
3620:
3593:(4): 427–446.
3587:Fashion Theory
3574:
3555:(2): 221–238.
3539:
3469:
3434:
3408:
3389:(3): 397–413.
3370:
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2869:
2864:www.theseus.fi
2850:
2821:(6): A246-52.
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2523:Main article:
2520:
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2503:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2463:
2461:
2454:
2448:
2445:
2418:
2415:
2411:carbon neutral
2398:
2397:Fungal species
2395:
2379:recycling code
2357:Main article:
2354:
2351:
2300:protein fibers
2287:
2284:
2243:
2242:Protein fibers
2240:
2207:Main article:
2204:
2201:
2177:Bamboo textile
2175:Main article:
2172:
2169:
2141:Main article:
2138:
2135:
2130:Organic cotton
2096:Organic cotton
2048:Main article:
2045:
2042:
1973:
1970:
1965:
1962:
1920:
1917:
1913:microorganisms
1909:Biofabrication
1842:
1839:
1819:
1816:
1787:
1786:Sharing models
1784:
1740:
1737:
1732:
1729:
1683:
1680:
1665:
1662:
1623:oil extraction
1603:Main article:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1553:
1550:
1519:Main article:
1516:
1513:
1482:climate change
1470:Main article:
1467:
1464:
1438:Aesthetic and
1419:
1416:
1412:overproduction
1405:green consumer
1396:
1393:
1366:European Union
1339:United Nations
1334:
1331:
1288:overproduction
1281:
1276:Sustainability
1272:animal welfare
1266:to reduce its
1255:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1244:
1237:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1219:Rail subsidies
1216:
1214:Green politics
1211:
1209:Green New Deal
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1184:Carbon leakage
1180:
1177:
1176:
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1158:
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1136:Feed-in tariff
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1128:
1123:
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1103:
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1099:
1098:
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1094:
1092:Value of Earth
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1007:
1002:
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966:
965:
960:
955:
948:Sustainability
945:
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905:
904:
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888:
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791:
786:
781:
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766:
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754:Eco-innovation
751:
746:
744:Eco-capitalism
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
710:
707:
706:
703:
702:
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680:Climate change
679:
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633:Carbon finance
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529:Fashion portal
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391:
386:
381:
376:
374:Organic cotton
371:
366:
361:
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351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
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323:Sustainability
322:
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34:
33:
31:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10315:
10304:
10301:
10299:
10296:
10294:
10291:
10289:
10286:
10284:
10283:Slow movement
10281:
10279:
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10274:
10271:
10269:
10266:
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10187:
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10174:Nature center
10172:
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10089:Simple living
10087:
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10079:
10078:
10075:
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10070:
10067:
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9949:Ecomusicology
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9944:Anthrozoology
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9410:Environmental
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9342:Refurbishment
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9031:Marine energy
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8159:Sloane Ranger
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6858:. Good On You
6857:
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6536:"Hemp Fibres"
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3453:
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3419:
3416:Prant, Dara.
3412:
3404:
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3266:9780500290569
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3169:Clark, Evan.
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2754:
2743:September 30,
2738:
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2717:September 30,
2709:
2703:
2687:
2686:
2685:British Vogue
2681:
2675:
2671:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2639:
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2634:
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2628:Green textile
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2447:Controversies
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2404:
2392:
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2347:biocomposites
2343:
2341:
2340:polypropylene
2337:
2333:
2332:acrylic fiber
2329:
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2250:
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2231:biodegradable
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2200:
2198:
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2188:
2187:agrochemicals
2184:
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2168:
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2158:
2154:
2150:
2149:biodegradable
2144:
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2110:
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2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1969:
1961:
1959:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1926:Alvin Toffler
1916:
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1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1874:
1869:
1866:
1862:
1861:Charity shops
1858:
1852:
1848:
1838:
1836:
1829:
1825:
1818:Resale models
1815:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1800:hand-me-downs
1797:
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1725:United States
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1615:Globalization
1612:
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1599:Environmental
1591:
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1408:
1406:
1401:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1385:UK Parliament
1383:In 2019, the
1381:
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1080:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1060:refurbishment
1058:
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1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
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1021:
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1016:
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1008:
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986:
983:
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854:
852:
849:
848:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
830:
827:
825:
824:impact design
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
796:
795:
794:Environmental
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
779:Ecotechnology
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
759:Eco-investing
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
739:Disinvestment
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
711:
705:
704:
697:
694:
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689:
687:
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683:
677:
676:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
638:Carbon offset
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
618:Carbon credit
616:
615:
609:
608:
604:
600:
599:
596:
593:
592:
588:
584:
583:
573:
568:
566:
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530:
519:
518:
517:
516:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
488:
487:The True Cost
484:
482:
481:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
466:
460:
459:
452:
449:
447:
444:
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377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
364:Green textile
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
344:Clothing swap
342:
340:
337:
335:
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330:
327:
326:
320:
319:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
298:
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284:
281:
279:
278:Microplastics
276:
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207:
206:
199:
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186:
171:
168:
160:
157:November 2020
150:
146:
142:
136:
135:
130:This article
128:
119:
118:
109:
106:
98:
88:
82:
80:
73:
64:
63:
58:
56:
49:
48:
43:
42:
37:
32:
23:
22:
19:
10193:
10179:New Urbanism
9850:Deep ecology
9812:Geocriticism
9802:Ecocriticism
9774:Ethnoecology
9764:Ecosemiotics
9685:conservation
9594:
9587:
9580:
9573:
9561:
9485:
9254:
9250:Construction
9173:Applications
8891:Biodiversity
8650:Anthropocene
8496:Slow fashion
8490:
8476:Anti-fashion
8453:Thai fashion
8114:Smart casual
8034:Evening gown
7873:Fast fashion
7818:Fashion blog
7780:Fashion week
7775:Fashion show
7757:21st century
7752:19th century
7583:
7553:
7526:
7514:. Retrieved
7500:
7465:
7434:
7403:
7375:. New York:
7372:
7333:
7309:
7286:
7268:
7241:
7232:
7220:. Retrieved
7212:The Guardian
7211:
7201:
7189:. Retrieved
7178:
7168:
7156:. Retrieved
7149:the original
7144:
7132:
7118:(6): 22–25.
7115:
7111:
7098:
7079:
7075:
7065:
7056:
7050:
7042:
7037:
7028:
7018:
6991:
6985:
6960:
6956:
6950:
6938:. Retrieved
6924:
6912:. Retrieved
6898:
6886:. Retrieved
6872:
6860:. Retrieved
6849:
6837:. Retrieved
6828:
6819:
6807:. Retrieved
6798:
6789:
6777:. Retrieved
6731:
6725:
6717:
6713:
6701:. Retrieved
6692:
6683:
6671:. Retrieved
6662:
6653:
6641:. Retrieved
6632:
6622:
6610:. Retrieved
6589:
6577:. Retrieved
6568:
6544:. Retrieved
6515:. Retrieved
6501:
6489:. Retrieved
6484:
6475:
6463:. Retrieved
6449:
6437:. Retrieved
6423:
6411:. Retrieved
6403:"Soy Fabric"
6380:. Retrieved
6366:
6354:. Retrieved
6325:. Retrieved
6294:. Retrieved
6280:
6268:. Retrieved
6254:
6242:. Retrieved
6233:
6223:
6211:. Retrieved
6197:
6185:. Retrieved
6181:the original
6171:
6159:. Retrieved
6131:, retrieved
6124:the original
6115:
6108:
6096:. Retrieved
6085:
6056:. Retrieved
6042:
6030:. Retrieved
6026:the original
6012:
6000:. Retrieved
5996:the original
5986:
5973:
5963:
5951:. Retrieved
5937:
5900:
5896:
5886:
5874:. Retrieved
5865:
5855:
5828:
5822:
5810:. Retrieved
5801:
5792:
5782:November 15,
5780:. Retrieved
5776:
5766:
5756:November 15,
5754:. Retrieved
5750:
5740:
5713:
5707:
5697:February 26,
5695:. Retrieved
5686:
5677:
5668:
5658:
5643:
5633:February 26,
5631:. Retrieved
5622:
5612:
5600:. Retrieved
5596:the original
5589:
5579:
5567:. Retrieved
5561:
5556:Santi, Ana.
5551:
5539:. Retrieved
5503:. Retrieved
5497:
5470:. Retrieved
5459:
5449:
5432:
5428:
5415:
5404:the original
5379:
5369:
5360:
5350:
5338:. Retrieved
5319:
5312:
5297:
5289:The Guardian
5288:
5278:
5243:
5239:
5209:
5205:
5199:
5187:. Retrieved
5182:
5173:
5164:
5158:
5149:
5143:
5134:
5130:
5120:
5111:
5101:
5092:
5082:
5047:
5043:
5033:
5006:
4956:
4952:
4942:
4932:February 14,
4930:. Retrieved
4921:
4911:
4899:. Retrieved
4890:The Guardian
4888:
4879:
4846:
4842:
4832:
4822:February 26,
4820:. Retrieved
4811:
4802:
4792:February 26,
4790:. Retrieved
4786:the original
4781:
4772:
4763:
4757:
4747:February 26,
4745:. Retrieved
4741:the original
4736:
4727:
4717:February 26,
4715:. Retrieved
4706:
4697:
4685:. Retrieved
4649:
4645:
4635:
4623:. Retrieved
4614:
4604:
4596:The Guardian
4595:
4585:
4575:February 28,
4573:. Retrieved
4566:the original
4561:
4548:
4499:
4495:
4485:
4473:. Retrieved
4464:
4454:
4427:
4423:
4413:
4404:
4392:
4382:February 26,
4380:. Retrieved
4371:
4361:
4320:
4316:
4306:
4294:. Retrieved
4290:
4281:
4262:
4256:
4247:
4241:
4214:
4208:
4199:
4186:
4151:
4147:
4137:
4104:
4100:
4090:
4057:
4053:
4046:
4037:
4031:
4022:
4016:
3981:
3977:
3967:
3958:
3949:
3943:. Earthscan.
3940:
3934:
3925:
3913:. Retrieved
3904:
3895:
3870:
3866:
3860:
3848:. Retrieved
3844:
3835:
3823:. Retrieved
3812:
3800:. Retrieved
3795:
3786:
3776:
3769:
3757:. Retrieved
3746:
3734:. Retrieved
3720:
3708:. Retrieved
3697:
3688:
3676:. Retrieved
3667:
3640:
3636:
3623:
3590:
3586:
3552:
3548:
3542:
3489:
3485:
3447:
3443:
3437:
3425:. Retrieved
3421:
3411:
3386:
3382:
3364:
3358:
3348:February 26,
3346:. Retrieved
3326:
3319:
3307:. Retrieved
3300:the original
3295:
3283:
3256:
3250:
3240:February 26,
3238:. Retrieved
3229:
3207:
3191:
3181:
3165:
3153:. Retrieved
3149:the original
3139:
3105:
3101:
3077:
3062:. Greenleaf.
3059:
3053:
3044:
3038:
3029:
3011:
3005:
2993:. Retrieved
2984:
2975:
2956:
2918:
2910:
2901:
2898:Textile View
2897:
2891:
2882:
2878:
2872:
2863:
2853:
2818:
2814:
2804:
2794:November 22,
2792:. Retrieved
2780:
2763:
2759:
2753:
2741:. Retrieved
2736:
2727:
2715:. Retrieved
2713:. Greenpeace
2702:
2690:. Retrieved
2683:
2674:
2560:
2557:
2543:bamboo fiber
2540:
2528:
2525:Greenwashing
2519:Greenwashing
2509:greenwashing
2505:
2490:October 2023
2487:
2468:
2434:
2420:
2400:
2372:
2344:
2336:polyethylene
2289:
2265:
2245:
2212:
2191:
2180:
2157:World War II
2146:
2117:
2106:
2100:
2092:
2088:Formaldehyde
2077:
2069:insecticides
2061:
1994:animal fiber
1975:
1967:
1954:
1946:technologies
1941:
1937:
1922:
1905:gasification
1901:fermentation
1878:
1870:
1854:
1831:
1795:
1789:
1776:pre-consumer
1757:
1742:
1734:
1727:every year.
1702:
1691:
1676:
1667:
1645:polyethylene
1635:
1631:
1611:oil industry
1608:
1585:
1569:
1564:fast fashion
1561:
1546:
1534:
1526:Slow fashion
1524:
1521:Slow fashion
1515:Slow fashion
1509:
1493:
1489:fast fashion
1486:
1472:Fast fashion
1466:Fast fashion
1444:fast fashion
1437:
1432:fast fashion
1409:
1398:
1382:
1363:
1355:
1336:
1319:standardized
1315:greenwashing
1308:
1296:biodiversity
1259:
1258:
1156:Net metering
1030:food systems
958:organization
749:Eco commerce
663:Pigovian tax
612:Carbon price
485:
478:
408:
384:Slow fashion
329:Anti-fashion
258:Fast fashion
181:
163:
154:
131:
101:
92:
76:
52:
45:
39:
38:Please help
35:
18:
10199:Themed walk
9928:Stewardship
9908:Ecotheology
9855:Ecofeminism
9680:Photography
9466:conferences
9337:Procurement
9280:Development
9180:Advertising
9142:Measurement
9076:Tidal power
9071:Small hydro
9036:Micro hydro
8899:Biosecurity
8851:Appropriate
8780:Sustainable
8763:Advertising
8685:Consumption
8675:Development
8334:Heavy metal
8256:Alternative
8239:Bling-bling
8169:Young fogey
8019:Semi-formal
7914:Traditional
7858:Fashion law
6963:(1): 9–16.
6940:December 7,
6914:December 7,
6888:December 7,
6862:January 13,
6799:VegNews.com
6779:January 18,
6703:October 31,
6693:Good On You
6673:October 31,
6663:Good On You
6643:October 31,
6546:December 7,
6517:December 7,
6491:October 30,
6465:December 7,
6439:December 7,
6413:December 7,
6382:December 7,
6356:December 7,
6327:December 7,
6296:December 7,
6270:December 7,
6234:Our Culture
6213:December 7,
6187:December 7,
6161:December 7,
6133:December 7,
6098:December 7,
6058:December 7,
6032:December 9,
6002:November 1,
5953:December 7,
5903:(6): 1080.
5876:December 9,
5777:Tech Xplore
5602:December 7,
5569:October 25,
5541:December 7,
5505:October 25,
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