818:
438:
1169:, which gives 32 positions to be taken with the sword and shield. Indian swordplay is highly athletic, taking advantage of the weapon's lightweight. Techniques make extensive use of circular movements, often circling the weapon around the swordsman's head. Systems exist which focus on drawing the sword out of the opponent's body. The attacking weapon is rarely used for blocking, relying either on a shield as a parrying tool or a second sword. Dual-wielding is thus a common and valued skill in the Indian subcontinent. Sparring is done through an exercise called
867:
366:
1117:
1089:'s hand-guard and sabre-like blade. When the Philippines was colonized by the Spaniards, the use of traditional swords and weapons was immediately banned. Because of this, the Filipinos were forced to use their own farm tools to fight in rebellions. And in the following insurgencies against other foreign colonists like America and Japan, they were again forced to use these improvised weapons. During the Japanese occupation, because of scarce ammunition to fight the Japanese, the Filipinos used
553:
689:
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1315:
4820:
3123:
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111:
1037:
217:
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538:, even from a mortally wounded opponent, in a duel with lethal weapons. The development of the first touch rule itself was, in turn, driven by the increasing tendency of duels to be fought to draw first blood, rather than the death, with the result that training for a first touch could result in victory in a duel as well as a sporting encounter, even without killing or disabling the opponent.
895:. Curved blades became more common at the end of the 8th century, with the importation of the curved forging techniques of that time. The shape was more efficient when fighting from horseback. Japanese swordsmanship is primarily two-handed wherein the front hand pushes down and the back hand pulls up while delivering a basic vertical cut. The samurai often carried two swords, the longer
38:
754:. These swords are of various lengths, and were paired with shields. They had a leaf-shaped blade, and a handle which hollows away at the centre and thickens at each end. Middle Eastern swords became dominant throughout North Africa after the introduction of Islam, after which point swordsmanship in the region becomes that of
204:). What little has been found, however, shows the use of the sword was limited during the Viking age, especially among the Vikings themselves and other northern Germanic tribes. Here, the spear, axe, and shield were prominent weapons, with only wealthy individuals owning swords. These weapons, based on the early Germanic
396:, dating to the 1570s and notable for its scientific and complete approach to the style (it is suggested that Meyer's students came to him with less military knowledge and therefore required more basic instruction), is the last major account of the German school, and its context is now almost entirely sportive.
481:. With the help of artist Gwyn Delin, he had an instruction book published in England in 1763, which had 25 engraved plates demonstrating classic positions from the old schools of fencing. His school was run by three generations of his family and dominated the art of European fencing for almost a century.
1302:
blade which has now come to typify Middle
Eastern swords came about after the Turkish Seljuk migration from Central Asia to Anatolia, popularizing the pre-existing Byzantine sabre designs for cavalry use, which influenced the entire region. The curved blade was well-suited to the equestrian culture
1140:, for instance, is made to wield a one-handed sword with a bevelled point, a small handguard, and a large round pommel. Two-handed swords naturally had longer handles and were broad at the hilt. Curved swords are also known to have been in common use since at least the Buddhist era, including large
786:
took the form of a large sickle, like the
Egyptian khopesh, with a small 10 cm (3.9 in) wooden handle. The edge was on the inside of the blade, which has a mid-rib running along its entire length. Double-edge swords similar to those of Europe and ancient Arabia occurred in some areas such
310:
For much of the early medieval period, the sword continued to remain a symbol of status. During later years, production techniques became more efficient, and so, while the sword remained a privilege, it was not so heavily confined to only the richest individuals, but rather to the richest classes.
916:
was worn with the edge facing upwards; this simple alteration allowed the wielder to transition immediately from a draw directly into an attack without needing to first re-orient their weapon or body, proving to be a more efficient and practical optimization tailored toward melee combat scenarios
500:
methods were still much different from current practice. Although he intended to prepare his students for real combat, he was the first fencing master yet to emphasize the health and sporting benefits of fencing more than its use as a killing art, particularly in his influential book 'L'École des
841:
is considered a master's weapon or gentlemen's weapon, both from the considerable skill required to fight with this weapon and from the fact that commanders of armies favored the jian in order to move easily amongst the troops. It is described in
Chinese as the "delicate lady" of weapons, and is
583:
After returning from India in 1865, Hutton focused on the study and revival of older fencing systems and schools. He began tutoring groups of students in the art of 'ancient swordplay' at a club attached to the London Rifle
Brigade School of Arms in the 1880s. In 1889, Hutton published his most
745:
was used region-wide and is depicted as early as the Sixth
Dynasty (3000 BC). It was thick-backed and weighted with bronze, sometimes even with gold hilts in the case of pharaohs. The blade may be edged on one or both sides, and was made from copper alloy, bronze, iron, or blue steel. The
534:. One driving force behind this evolution is sport fencing's award of a point to the fencer who scores the first touch with right of way; this encourages the competitors to use scoring techniques that result in a first touch in a sporting encounter but would leave them defenseless against a
1131:
are recorded as carrying a shield and spear in their hands while a sword, dagger, and battle-axe were held at the waist. These included both straight swords and slightly curved sabres. The stout, straight sword appears to have been common and can be seen in early sculptural depictions of
626:
Despite this revival, the practice died out soon after the death of Hutton in 1910. Interest in the physical application of historical fencing techniques remained largely dormant during the first half of the 20th century, and only revived near the end of the 20th century.
995:'s centralized government and the need to fend off frequent foreign invasions were conducive to the development of swordsmanship as a standardized military discipline. Along with other martial systems, forms of swordsmanship were formalised in the military manual
1023:(1790). The Muyedobotongji also describes standard lengths and weights of the swords used; while not exclusive to swordsmanship, 8 of the 23 chapters are devoted to it, reflecting the needs of the era when guns had not yet matured enough for short-range combat.
334:
The power, accuracy, and reliability of firearms continued to improve, however, and soon swords had little place on the battlefield aside from ceremonial purposes. The preferred civilian dueling weapon shifted from the rapier to the faster but shorter
160:
The Empire's legionary soldiers were heavily trained and prided themselves on their disciplinary skills. This probably carried over to their training with weaponry, but we have no Roman manuals of swordsmanship. One translation of
1148:, which still occurs under various names everywhere from the deep south to the far northeast. The handle, in particular, has changed over time, eventually incorporating a crossguard. The 16th-century Mughal conquests spread the
1230:
was long with a slender blade. In the ancient Middle East, swords were always a secondary weapon. Assyrians made extensive use of the sword and dagger in hand-to-hand combat; the primary weapons were the bow, spear, and sling.
1269:
the weapon is typically paired with a shield or sometimes a dagger, of which many varieties exist. The spread of Islam was a unifying force in the Middle East, easing trade routes across the region. Armouries flourished and
144:, the Romans mainly used underhanded stabs and thrusts, because one thrust into the gut would kill an enemy faster than slashes or cutting. However, some depictions of Roman soldiers show them using slashing and cuts.
212:
of composite metals, invented in the Roman Empire around the end of the 2nd century A.D., provided some of these northern weapons superior properties in strength and resilience to the iron gladius of early Rome.
799:: the 30 cm (12 in) shortsword and the standard sword with a blade measuring 76–90 cm (30–35 in) had a cylindrical pommel. The latter weapon was wielded with both hands like a quarterstaff.
1261:
in both function and design. They typically had a cruciform hilt and favoured cut and thrust techniques. Swords of this type were often paired with a shield or buckler but could also be wielded on their own.
173:
before moving on to the use of sharpened steel. In fact, it is also found that Roman gladiators trained with a wooden sword, which was weighted with lead, against a straw man or a wooden pole known as a
152:
was a longer double-edged sword initially used only by Celtic soldiers, later incorporated as auxilia into Roman
Cavalry units; however by the 2nd century A.D. the spatha was used throughout much of the
1057:
come in a variety of forms but are traditionally consistent with the straight or lightly curved cutting type used by the tribes of neighbouring Borneo and Taiwan. This is preserved in the design of the
449:
The need to train swordsmen for combat in a nonlethal manner led fencing and swordsmanship to include a sport aspect from its beginnings, from before the medieval tournament right up to the modern age.
568:
As early as 1880, attempts were made to recreate the older German, Italian, and
Spanish schools of swordsmanship. The movement was led in England by the soldier, writer, antiquarian, and swordsman,
615:
of these systems during the 1890s, both in order to benefit various military charities and to encourage patronage of the contemporary methods of competitive fencing. Exhibitions were held at the
343:, following developments in firearm technology. The civilian affair of dueling was banned in most areas, but persisted to some degree regardless of law, until well into the 20th century.
511:, "Angelo was the first to emphasize fencing as a means of developing health, poise, and grace. As a result of his insight and influence, fencing changed from an art of war to a sport."
1202:. Some blades were of such varying sizes that it is difficult to classify them as either daggers or swords, and they are thus referred to by archaeologists as dagger-swords.In modern
959:
still exist along with some more modern schools. Many schools also focus almost exclusively on swordsmanship which grew from the noble families' patronage of certain teachers.
1152:
and similar weapons throughout the north, northwest and central regions. The talwar is still the most common form of sword in the martial arts of these areas, but the older
1186:
Swords in the Middle East evolved from daggers and sickles. They were originally made of copper, followed by bronze and finally iron. Among communities such as the
182:). This training would have provided the Roman soldier with a good foundation of skill, to be improved upon from practical experience or further advanced training.
303:
grew out of the arming sword, eventually resulting in a blade comfortably wielded in both hands at once. Armour technology also evolved, leading to the advent of
1093:
with their melee weapons and swords in raiding
Japanese camps. Filipino swordplay relies heavily on speed, and even today Filipino marines train in a form of
3908:
1290:
studied the craft of forging swords and found 25 sword-making techniques particular to their countries of origin, including Yemen, Iran, France, and Russia.
641:
Practitioners of modern fencing, who were unsatisfied with the exclusive sports emphasis that modern fencing had, took steps to preserve the principles of
419:, but found little success on the battlefield. The Italian, French, and Spanish schools embraced this change in civilian armament and developed systems of
1447:
648:
Fencing and sword fighting have been incorporated into films as part of cinematic action sequences. Usually choreographed, these scenes are designed for
380:
The German school of swordsmanship, in general, faced a decline during the
Renaissance as the Italian and Spanish schools, which tilted more toward the
4238:
3644:
837:
Chinese speakers make a clear distinction between a "sword" (double-edged) and a "knife" (single-edged). In
Chinese culture the double-edged sword or
1584:
4289:
645:
and fencing as practiced in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Classical fencing uses the foil, épée, and sabre according to these older practices.
3927:
4284:
4168:
200:
Little is known about early medieval fencing techniques save for what may be concluded from archaeological evidence and artistic depiction (see
77:, a term for the professional fighters who fought against each other and a variety of other foes for the entertainment of spectators in the
4550:
4178:
858:. The order in which these weapons is taught may vary between schools and styles, but the jian is generally taught last among the four.
4152:
3169:
917:(which were becoming more common than mounted combat at that time). Entire systems have been based on this technique and are known as
4294:
4233:
3639:
1405:
411:, also known as "cut and thrust" swords, and progressed towards the thicker, tapering sword that eventually became the 17th century
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817:
4263:
3207:
3202:
1210:
is currently being reconstructed. At present, sword training includes the single sword, two swords, and the sword with a shield.
392:
in the 1540s looks back to the preceding century of work and attempts to reconstruct and preserve a failing art. The treatise by
1742:
770:
Among some communities, swords were restricted to royalty or tribal leaders. Forms vary from one area to another, such as the
399:
The use of the longsword continued to decline throughout the Renaissance period, marked by the increased effectiveness of the
1658:
1503:
1414:
1376:
933:. Because of the danger in training with real swords, practitioners since the 18th century have trained with wooden swords (
519:
remained. While fencing taught in the late 19th and early 20th centuries was intended to serve both for competition and the
1862:
458:
1454:
in which he gave the reader some general advice for the duel as well as covering which techniques most appropriate to use.
1367:
4874:
1542:
991:. As Korean warfare favoured mounted combat, the curved single-edge sword was found to be more effective from horseback.
951:) while wearing body armour. After the carrying of swords in public became illegal, this resulted in the modern sport of
657:
453:
The shift towards fencing as a sport rather than as military training happened from the mid-18th century, and was led by
2813:
1777:
723:. The earliest bronze swords in the country date back 4000 years. Four types of sword are known to have been used: the
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salle is intended only to train the student to compete in the most effective manner within the rules of the sport.
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to learn, and also set up a riding school in the former rear garden of the house. He was fencing instructor to the
141:
100:
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As this evolution has continued, the training and techniques have become increasingly further removed from their
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352:
195:
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1198:. There did however exist longswords, slightly curved swords, and sickle-like swords similar to the Egyptian
1085:
The arrival of European colonists brought the influence of western swords, which is likely the origin of the
2004:
1354:
912:
were primarily intended to be used from horseback and were thus worn with the edge facing down, the later
588:, which presented the historical method of military sabre use on foot, combining the 18th century English
423:
fencing. The German school, however, provides little on this weapon and ceases its prevalence thereafter.
71:
involving the use of a sword. The formation of the English word "swordsman" is parallel to the Latin word
4606:
4012:
2835:
2766:
523:(while understanding the differences between the two situations), the type of fencing taught in a modern
307:, and thus swordsmanship was further pressed to meet the demands of killing a very well protected enemy.
1446:
Antonio Manciolino, in the beginning of his 1531 manual, gives point values for the various body parts.
1735:
1391:
Fighting Techniques of the Ancient World (3000 B.C. to 500 A.D.): Equipment, Combat Skills, and Tactics
201:
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traditionally considered the weapon most suitable for women. A single edged sword is referred to as a
327:. Although it was not a new invention, it managed to outlast other forms of war swords, being used by
4107:
3186:
3155:
2840:
663:
284:
17:
1518:
4833:
3182:
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1066:, though other forms also existed. They were typically paired with a rectangular shield called the
319:
The military importance of swordsmanship rapidly diminished in the 16th century with the advent of
3413:
1303:
of the Turks. The scimitar gave primacy to hacking and slashing techniques rather than thrusting.
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4445:
4371:
3136:
2855:
2708:
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Sword fencing and sword dances are still practiced in much of the Middle East. In countries like
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3937:
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1257:. With the exception of their curved handles, they were nearly identical to medieval European
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1867:
1850:
1845:
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272:
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placed in their weapons. The earliest swords in Japan were straight, based on early Chinese
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2505:
2437:
1982:
1977:
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847:
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the Cameron Fencing Club, for which he prepared his first work, a 12-page booklet entitled
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8:
4805:
4730:
4637:
4545:
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3436:
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1887:
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1111:
843:
823:
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905:, and these were normally wielded individually, though use of both as a pair did occur.
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included reconstructions of the fencing systems of several historical masters including
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4632:
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445:'s instruction book. Angelo was instrumental in turning fencing into an athletic sport.
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has long held a significance in Japanese culture from the reverence and care that the
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The earliest Korean swords were straight double-edge blades derived from the Chinese
636:
620:
415:. This new weapon was popular for both protection on the street and as a tool in the
275:
and his students, who later became the German masters of the 15th century, including
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Anglim, Simon; Rice, Rob S.; Jestice, Phyllis; Rusch, Scott; Serrati, John (2003).
1071:
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As fencing progressed, the combat aspect slowly faded until only the rules of the
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in the Medieval Age. Some time after this evolution, the earliest known treatises
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refers to the skills and techniques used in combat and training with any type of
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as a powerful implement of battle. During this time, civilian swords evolved to
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or falchion based on the sickle, and a fourth form of straight longsword. The
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the fashionable art of swordsmanship which they had previously had to go the
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around 1410, has ties to the German school. During this period of time, the
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in 1661 makes note that the Roman trainees learned to fight with the wooden
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manuscript, dated to ca. 1290, shows fencing with the arming sword and the
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78:
1173:, in which the practitioners fight with wooden sticks to simulate swords.
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double-edge grip-tongue sword is believed to have been introduced by the
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Depiction of Chinese swordsman wielding a single-edged sword, from the
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611:. He delivered numerous practical demonstrations with his colleague
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The Secret History of the Sword: Adventures in Ancient Martial Arts
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846:. The jian and dao are among the four main weapons taught in the
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was known by several names, but most are variations of the words
642:
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457:, who established a fencing academy, Angelo's School of Arms, in
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page 40. Barnes and Noble, 1967. Mention from Clements, John.
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60:. The term is modern, and as such was mainly used to refer to
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retained their straight double-edge shape during the time of
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1144:-like falchions. The most common type of curved sword is the
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The Parish of St. Anne, Soho (north of Shaftesbury Avenue)
1239:
Prior to the founding of Islam, swords were imported from
323:. The last prominent battlefield sword to be used was the
339:, and eventually shifted totally away from swords to the
37:
1710:
1450:
supplemented his 1884 fencing manual with a small work,
255:) were written, dealing primarily with arming sword and
2352:
656:
became known for his sword-fighting scenes, such as in
572:. In 1862, he organized in his regiment stationed in
1618:
The Sentiment of the Sword: A Country-House Dialogue
1310:
727:or boomerang-sword based on the hunting stick, the
652:but often demonstrate a high level of skill. Actor
291:. It is possible that the Italian fencing treatise
1475:, London: University of London, 1966, pp. 143–48,
1368:Warlords of Republican Rome: Caesar Against Pompey
1194:, the sword was short and equivalent to the Roman
372:duel of German students, around 1900, painting by
1078:'s tribe used native swords and spears to defeat
388:, took the forefront. The compendium compiled by
67:, but by extension it can also be applied to any
27:Skills of a person versed in the art of the sword
4856:
4391:
1491:
130:as a short thrusting sword effectively with the
1701:The British Federation for Historical Swordplay
1585:Gründtliche Beschreibung der Kunst des Fechtens
1498:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 20–23.
873:at an agricultural school in Japan around 1920
148:used a shorter gladius than the military. The
4514:
3163:
1736:
1607:Cold Steel: A Practical Treatise on the Sabre
1487:
1485:
1082:troops who were armed with guns and cannons.
599:Hutton's pioneering advocacy and practice of
586:Cold Steel: A Practical Treatise on the Sabre
1274:became the capital for trade in swords from
1622:A New System of Sword Exercise for Infantry
1428:Darstellungen aus der Sittengeschichte Roms
1350:
1348:
750:and became widely dispersed throughout the
426:
4521:
4507:
3170:
3156:
1743:
1729:
1482:
1206:, traditional Persian armed combat called
1691:Historical European Martial Arts Alliance
1651:Under the Sun: The Miyamoto Musashi Story
1638:part 1-3. Floating World Editions (2008).
619:and a fund-raising event was arranged at
185:
1716:Ancient Combat Enthusiasts School (ACES)
1345:
1234:
1115:
1035:
966:
865:
816:
687:
551:
436:
364:
215:
208:, were made very well. The technique of
109:
36:
2735:
1531:Sources in the V&A Museum's library
1213:
507:), published in 1763. According to the
178:(an early relative of the later wooden
126:, until the 2nd century A.D., used the
14:
4857:
1156:is still used in some advanced forms.
692:Sherden guards with double-edge swords
484:He established the essential rules of
4502:
3151:
2734:
1795:
1724:
1648:
1181:
765:
541:
295:, written by the Italian swordmaster
4829:
1406:The Roman Army at War: 100 BC-AD 200
630:
259:combat. Among these examples is the
240:, a weapon with a notable cruciform
105:
4551:Fédération Internationale d'Escrime
1611:Old Sword-play: The System of Fence
1600:Hungarian & Highland Broadsword
1535:
1243:, a town along the Tigris river in
1123:exponents with swords and bucklers.
977:: mounted double-sword (마상쌍검; 馬上雙劍)
24:
1796:
1564:
1403:Goldsworthy, Adrian Keith (1998).
1097:using a curved single-edge sword.
25:
4886:
2663:Marine Corps Martial Arts Program
1684:
1286:. The 9th-century Muslim scholar
1026:
314:
271:can trace itself most closely to
85:itself comes from the Latin word
4838:
4828:
4819:
4818:
4585:
3131:
3121:
2628:Historical European martial arts
1750:
1477:online at British History Online
1313:
827:and scabbard of the 18th century
795:. Two types of sword existed in
548:Historical European martial arts
101:Historical European martial arts
4839:
3132:
1524:
1521:at Encyclopædia Britannica.com.
774:of Somalia, boomerang-sword in
696:
662:(1938). Other examples include
357:Spanish school of swordsmanship
353:Italian school of swordsmanship
196:Italian school of swordsmanship
114:Re-enactor with a Roman gladius
4602:Fencing at the Summer Olympics
1653:. Understanding Apples Press.
1512:
1457:
1440:
1420:
1397:
1382:
1359:
1176:
1159:The earliest extant manual on
469:in 1763. There, he taught the
346:
269:German school of swordsmanship
192:German school of swordsmanship
13:
1:
3213:Straight swords (Double-edge)
1616:Burton, Sir Richard Francis.
1495:The Encyclopedia of the Sword
1339:
1100:
1040:Filipino soldiers armed with
778:or the single-edge swords of
592:with modern Italian duelling
560:'s swordsmanship show at the
496:, although his attacking and
3612:Iron Age – Three Kingdom Era
807:
741:
733:
719:
713:
707:
659:The Adventures of Robin Hood
91:, which is a type of sword.
7:
4607:World Fencing Championships
4528:
3208:Curved swords (Single-edge)
3203:Thrusting swords (Edgeless)
1543:"Video: Great Sword Fights"
1306:
1031:
861:
10:
4891:
4875:Warfare of the Middle Ages
1706:Historical Fencing Manuals
1365:Fields, Nic (2010-02-01).
1109:
1046:
980:
876:
830:
812:
634:
545:
430:
350:
202:Viking Age arms and armour
189:
140:, in battle. According to
98:
29:
4814:
4768:
4728:
4651:
4620:
4594:
4583:
4559:
4536:
4444:
4423:
4416:
4384:
4364:
4348:
4332:
4316:
4307:
4272:
4115:
4106:
4061:
4020:
4011:
3984:
3936:
3889:
3868:
3859:
3814:
3788:
3779:
3744:
3723:
3687:
3666:
3657:
3627:
3611:
3595:
3586:
3561:
3530:
3509:
3488:
3479:
3412:
3359:
3316:
3249:
3228:
3221:
3193:
3117:
3054:
3009:
2939:
2894:
2824:
2745:
2741:
2730:
2676:
2608:
2546:
2451:
2393:
2351:
2223:
2108:
2060:
2003:
1886:
1806:
1802:
1791:
1758:
1636:Famous Japanese Swordsmen
1492:Nick Evangelista (1995).
1293:
1105:
962:
683:
492:that still govern modern
94:
3688:Heian – Kamakura periods
1696:Swordforum International
1575:Amberger, J. Christoph.
1011:, and in the revisions,
441:1763 fencing print from
427:Development into a sport
122:and other forces of the
30:Not to be confused with
4372:Phra Saeng Khan Chai Si
3745:Meiji period and beyond
3724:Muromachi – Edo periods
2860:Former official sports
2288:Northern Praying Mantis
1863:Mainland Southeast Asia
1674:Yi Deok-mu, Pak Je-ga.
1426:L. Friedlander-Drexel.
1371:. Casemate Publishers.
850:, the others being the
802:
509:Encyclopædia Britannica
3603:Liaoning bronze dagger
3326:Migration Period sword
2699:Professional wrestling
2366:Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu
1643:The Book of Five Rings
1547:Sydney Theatre Company
1124:
1044:
978:
874:
828:
693:
565:
446:
377:
361:European dueling sword
229:
186:Post-classical history
115:
46:
4870:European martial arts
4621:Modern fencing topics
3938:Post-classical period
3628:Goryeo and Joseon era
3596:Bronze Age – Gojoseon
3318:Post-classical period
2795:Demonstration sports
1593:The School of Fencing
1570:Western swordsmanship
1473:London County Council
1463:F.H.W. Sheppard, ed.
1235:Arabia and the Levant
1163:swordsmanship is the
1119:
1110:Further information:
1039:
970:
869:
833:Chinese swordsmanship
820:
691:
555:
505:The School of Fencing
440:
368:
351:Further information:
273:Johannes Liechtenauer
263:, the earliest known
219:
190:Further information:
113:
99:Further information:
40:
4273:Spanish colonization
3667:Yayoi – Nara periods
3055:Martial arts at the
3010:Martial arts at the
2940:Martial arts at the
2895:Martial arts at the
2875:Invitational sports
2825:Martial arts at the
2746:Martial arts at the
2668:Pencak Silat Harimau
2506:Pencak Silat Harimau
2438:Submission wrestling
2143:Luta Livre esportiva
1214:Assyrian and Hittite
1127:Soldiers in ancient
1080:Ferdinand Magellan's
983:Korean swordsmanship
971:An excerpt from the
945:) or bamboo swords (
731:or knife-sword, the
331:units and officers.
232:As time passed, the
4806:Martial arts manual
4638:High school fencing
4546:Glossary of fencing
3986:Early modern period
3909:Parthian Long Sword
3815:Medieval and modern
3437:Basket-hilted sword
3361:Early modern period
2736:International games
2418:Full contact karate
2408:Professional boxing
2123:Brazilian jiu-jitsu
1634:De Lange, William.
1629:Asian swordsmanship
1430:per Michael Grant.
1409:. Clarendon Press.
1321:Martial arts portal
1129:Indian subcontinent
1112:Indian martial arts
4643:Wheelchair fencing
4633:Collegiate fencing
4541:History of fencing
4333:Post-Classic stage
3966:Turko-Mongol Sabre
3414:Late modern period
2898:Pan American Games
2575:Hokutoryu Ju-Jutsu
2486:Jieitaikakutōjutsu
2423:Mixed martial arts
1649:Moore, JS (2014).
1641:Miyamoto Musashi.
1591:Angelo, Domenico.
1436:Get thee a waster!
1182:Persian and Hebrew
1125:
1045:
979:
875:
829:
766:Sub-Saharan Africa
694:
665:The Princess Bride
601:historical fencing
566:
556:Advertisement for
542:Historical fencing
447:
390:Paulus Hector Mair
378:
230:
116:
47:
4852:
4851:
4781:Modern pentathlon
4612:Fencing World Cup
4595:Main competitions
4496:
4495:
4492:
4491:
4412:
4411:
4392:Pre-Columbian era
4380:
4379:
4303:
4302:
4102:
4101:
4007:
4006:
3855:
3854:
3775:
3774:
3653:
3652:
3582:
3581:
3475:
3474:
3145:
3144:
3113:
3112:
3109:
3108:
2726:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2689:Martial arts film
1660:978-1-5028-0491-4
1549:. 7 November 2014
1505:978-0-313-27896-9
1448:Masaniello Parise
1415:978-0-19-815090-9
1377:978-1-935149-06-4
1091:guerrilla attacks
782:. The Abyssinian
637:Classical fencing
631:Classical fencing
584:influential work
236:evolved into the
106:Classical history
16:(Redirected from
4882:
4842:
4841:
4834:Commons category
4832:
4831:
4822:
4821:
4769:Related articles
4589:
4523:
4516:
4509:
4500:
4499:
4421:
4420:
4389:
4388:
4356:Preah Khan Reach
4314:
4313:
4113:
4112:
4084:Langgai Tinggang
4018:
4017:
3876:Bronze Age sword
3866:
3865:
3786:
3785:
3664:
3663:
3645:Four Tiger Sword
3593:
3592:
3486:
3485:
3236:Bronze Age sword
3226:
3225:
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2742:
2732:
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1804:
1803:
1793:
1792:
1745:
1738:
1731:
1722:
1721:
1667:Yagyu Munenori.
1664:
1582:Meyer, Joachim.
1559:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1539:
1533:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1489:
1480:
1465:Survey of London
1461:
1455:
1452:Spada da Terreno
1444:
1438:
1424:
1418:
1401:
1395:
1386:
1380:
1363:
1357:
1355:Etymology Online
1352:
1323:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1072:Battle of Mactan
1001:(1610) based on
901:and the shorter
744:
738:
722:
716:
710:
297:Fiore dei Liberi
293:Flos Duellatorum
285:Peter von Danzig
163:Juvenal's poetry
21:
4890:
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4885:
4884:
4883:
4881:
4880:
4879:
4855:
4854:
4853:
4848:
4810:
4776:List of fencers
4764:
4724:
4647:
4628:Olympic fencing
4616:
4590:
4581:
4555:
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4527:
4497:
4488:
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4309:
4299:
4268:
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3980:
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3885:
3861:
3851:
3842:Kayamkulam vaal
3810:
3771:
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3683:
3649:
3623:
3607:
3578:
3557:
3526:
3505:
3471:
3408:
3355:
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3189:
3183:classifications
3176:
3146:
3141:
3105:
3056:
3050:
3011:
3005:
2941:
2935:
2896:
2890:
2826:
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2749:Summer Olympics
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2737:
2718:
2672:
2604:
2542:
2456:
2447:
2398:
2389:
2347:
2343:Yoshukai Karate
2303:Shaolin kung fu
2219:
2104:
2080:Practice weapon
2056:
1999:
1889:
1882:
1808:Regional origin
1798:
1787:
1754:
1749:
1687:
1669:Heiho Kaden Sho
1661:
1605:Alfred Hutton.
1598:Angelo, Henry.
1567:
1565:Further reading
1562:
1552:
1550:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1529:
1525:
1519:Domenico Angelo
1517:
1513:
1506:
1490:
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1458:
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1441:
1425:
1421:
1402:
1398:
1387:
1383:
1364:
1360:
1353:
1346:
1342:
1334:Types of swords
1319:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1296:
1237:
1226:, the sword or
1216:
1184:
1179:
1114:
1108:
1103:
1051:
1034:
1029:
1008:Ji Xiao Xin Shu
985:
965:
957:ancient schools
881:
864:
835:
815:
810:
805:
768:
699:
686:
677:Die Another Day
639:
633:
609:Achille Marozzo
550:
544:
455:Domenico Angelo
443:Domenico Angelo
435:
429:
403:and the use of
363:
349:
317:
277:Sigmund Ringeck
210:pattern welding
198:
188:
108:
103:
97:
43:Dan Dao Fa Xuan
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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4310:Southeast Asia
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3979:
3978:
3976:Mameluke sword
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3942:
3940:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3930:
3928:Sasanian Sword
3925:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3899:Iron Age sword
3895:
3893:
3891:Ancient period
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3295:
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3271:
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3259:Iron Age sword
3255:
3253:
3251:Ancient period
3247:
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3223:
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3194:
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3187:historical era
3185:by region and
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3058:European Games
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1496:
1488:
1486:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1460:
1453:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1423:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1400:
1393:
1392:
1385:
1378:
1374:
1370:
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1362:
1356:
1351:
1349:
1344:
1335:
1332:
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1327:
1326:
1322:
1311:
1304:
1301:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1260:
1259:arming swords
1256:
1252:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1232:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1070:. During the
1069:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1050:
1043:
1038:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1016:
1015:
1010:
1009:
1004:
1000:
999:
994:
990:
984:
976:
975:
969:
960:
958:
954:
950:
949:
944:
943:
938:
937:
932:
928:
924:
920:
915:
911:
906:
904:
900:
899:
894:
890:
886:
880:
872:
868:
859:
857:
853:
849:
845:
840:
834:
826:
825:
819:
800:
798:
794:
790:
785:
781:
777:
773:
763:
761:
757:
753:
749:
743:
737:
736:
730:
726:
721:
715:
709:
704:
703:ancient Egypt
701:The sword in
690:
681:
679:
678:
673:
672:
667:
666:
661:
660:
655:
651:
650:entertainment
646:
644:
638:
628:
624:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
605:George Silver
602:
597:
595:
591:
587:
581:
579:
578:Swordsmanship
575:
571:
570:Alfred Hutton
563:
559:
558:Alfred Hutton
554:
549:
539:
537:
536:counterthrust
533:
532:martial roots
528:
526:
525:sport fencing
522:
518:
513:
512:
508:
504:
499:
495:
494:sport fencing
491:
487:
482:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
451:
444:
439:
434:
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
397:
395:
394:Joachim Meyer
391:
387:
384:and civilian
383:
375:
371:
367:
362:
358:
354:
344:
342:
338:
332:
330:
326:
322:
312:
308:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
253:
247:
244:common among
243:
239:
235:
227:
223:
218:
214:
211:
207:
203:
197:
193:
183:
181:
177:
172:
168:
164:
158:
156:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
134:
129:
125:
121:
112:
102:
92:
90:
89:
84:
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
63:
59:
55:
51:
50:Swordsmanship
44:
39:
33:
19:
4801:Dueling scar
4795:
4715:Displacement
4710:Prise de fer
4164:Dahong palay
4089:Parang Nabur
4069:Keris bahari
4021:Early period
3862:Central Asia
3452:Pistol sword
3336:Arming sword
3331:Viking sword
3197:
2994:Pencak silat
2704:Stage combat
2658:Mardani khel
2580:Jeet Kune Do
2538:Silat Melayu
2501:Pencak silat
2453:Self-defense
2395:Full contact
2382:
2370:
2308:Shoot boxing
2248:Chess boxing
2148:Malla-yuddha
2085:Punching bag
2075:Boxing glove
2032:
1932:Leg strikes
1911:Elbow strike
1897:Arm strikes
1752:Martial arts
1675:
1668:
1650:
1642:
1635:
1628:
1627:
1621:
1617:
1610:
1606:
1599:
1592:
1583:
1576:
1569:
1568:
1551:. Retrieved
1537:
1526:
1514:
1494:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1451:
1442:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1404:
1399:
1394:. Macmillan.
1389:
1384:
1366:
1361:
1297:
1264:
1249:
1238:
1227:
1217:
1207:
1185:
1164:
1158:
1153:
1145:
1126:
1084:
1064:dahong palay
1052:
1018:
1012:
1006:
996:
986:
972:
946:
940:
934:
913:
909:
907:
902:
896:
892:
882:
836:
822:
769:
728:
724:
700:
697:North Africa
675:
674:(1995), and
669:
664:
658:
647:
640:
625:
598:
585:
582:
577:
567:
529:
514:
510:
506:
502:
483:
479:Royal Family
452:
448:
405:pike squares
398:
379:
333:
318:
309:
305:plate armour
264:
249:
238:arming sword
233:
231:
205:
199:
179:
175:
159:
155:Roman Empire
136:, a type of
131:
117:
86:
82:
79:Roman Empire
72:
53:
49:
48:
42:
4786:Knife fight
4729:Equipment (
4385:Mesoamerica
4108:Philippines
4062:Late period
3860:Western and
3635:Bonguk geom
3619:Hwandudaedo
3531:Ming – Qing
3442:Small sword
3399:Swiss degen
3179:Sword types
2943:Asian Games
2828:World Games
2790:Greco-Roman
2610:Battlefield
2570:Chun Kuk Do
2513:Suffrajitsu
2323:Tang Soo Do
2198:Greco-Roman
1951:Knee strike
1868:Philippines
1553:13 November
1298:The curved
1177:Middle East
1166:Agni Purana
1136:. The hero
1055:Philippines
1017:(1759) and
654:Errol Flynn
471:aristocracy
409:side-swords
376:(1863–1925)
347:Renaissance
252:Fechtbücher
120:legionaries
81:. The word
69:martial art
4859:Categories
4791:Half-sword
4399:Macuahuitl
4155:(Binangon)
3946:Arab sword
3869:Prehistory
3767:Shikomizue
3517:Hook sword
3379:Katzbalger
3369:Zweihänder
3229:Prehistory
2985:2018 Only
2846:Kickboxing
2600:Qwan Ki Do
2528:To-Shin Do
2458:combatives
2428:Pankration
2413:Kickboxing
2384:Xingyiquan
2372:Baguazhang
2338:Wudangquan
2268:Kickboxing
2163:Shuai jiao
1973:Joint lock
1890:techniques
1467:volume 33
1432:Gladiators
1340:References
1218:Among the
1101:South Asia
1003:Qi Jiguang
931:battojutsu
821:A Chinese
337:smallsword
289:Paulus Kal
146:Gladiators
118:The Roman
62:smallsword
4740:Body cord
4657:Bladework
4280:Balisword
4179:Ginunting
4123:Balasiong
4116:Classical
4013:Indonesia
3731:Wakizashi
3553:Yanmaodao
3522:Zhanmadao
3384:Cinquedea
3341:Longsword
3303:Rhomphaia
3101:Wrestling
3096:Taekwondo
3046:Wrestling
3041:Taekwondo
2976:Wrestling
2971:Taekwondo
2931:Wrestling
2926:Taekwondo
2869:Taekwondo
2851:Muay Thai
2786:freestyle
2782:Wrestling
2777:Taekwondo
2653:Krav Maga
2565:Angampora
2533:Wing Chun
2491:Krav Maga
2481:Kajukenbo
2443:Vale Tudo
2318:Taekwondo
2283:Muay Thai
2273:Kun Khmer
2203:Mongolian
2193:freestyle
2173:Wrestling
2132:Para judo
2110:Grappling
1963:Grappling
1901:Chokehold
1831:Indonesia
1711:Koryu.com
1220:Assyrians
1208:razmafzar
1134:the epics
1121:Angampora
1076:Lapu-Lapu
1014:Muyesinbo
903:wakizashi
808:East Asia
762:fencing.
752:Near East
617:Bath Club
590:backsword
562:Bath Club
475:continent
325:backsword
301:longsword
265:Fechtbuch
83:gladiator
74:gladiator
45:, c. 1626
18:Swordplay
4824:Category
4731:glossary
4720:Priority
4653:Footwork
4446:Mainland
4436:Acinaces
4365:Thailand
4349:Cambodia
4308:Mainland
4239:Sansibar
4199:Karambit
4189:Kampilan
4153:Binagong
4143:Batangas
4128:Bangkung
3956:Shamshir
3951:Scimitar
3904:Acinaces
3710:Nagamaki
3548:Changdao
3538:Liuyedao
3510:Medieval
3462:Spadroon
3351:Falchion
3346:Claymore
3288:Makhaira
3086:Muaythai
2836:Ju-jitsu
2709:Tricking
2693:Chanbara
2595:Unifight
2548:Eclectic
2523:Taekkyon
2471:Bartitsu
2353:Internal
2243:Capoeira
2225:Striking
2153:Pehlwani
2100:Sparring
2062:Training
2050:Shooting
1995:Stand-up
1983:Takedown
1936:Footwork
1926:Headbutt
1888:Unarmed
1773:Timeline
1620:(1911).
1609:(1889).
1307:See also
1300:scimitar
1288:Al-Kindi
1272:Damascus
1255:Muhammed
1224:Hittites
1188:Persians
1062:and the
1060:kampilan
1032:Filipino
998:Muyejebo
923:iaijutsu
879:Kenjutsu
862:Japanese
797:Zanzibar
680:(2002).
668:(1987),
498:parrying
490:footwork
401:arquebus
321:firearms
142:Vegetius
4844:Outline
4690:Riposte
4560:Weapons
4530:Fencing
4459:Kaskara
4431:Khopesh
4295:Tenegre
4290:Hagibis
4254:Talibon
4249:Susuwat
4244:Sundang
4234:Sanduko
4214:Panabas
4079:Sundang
4074:Klewang
3999:Kindjal
3971:Yatagan
3923:Falcata
3881:Khopesh
3827:Kastane
3822:Firangi
3789:Ancient
3762:Ninjatō
3705:Kodachi
3679:Tsurugi
3674:Chokutō
3640:Wungeom
3574:Miaodao
3489:Ancient
3457:Shashka
3432:Cutlass
3404:Colhona
3283:Falcata
3269:Gladius
3241:Khopesh
3137:Outline
3071:Fencing
3026:Fencing
2961:Jujutsu
2911:Fencing
2762:Fencing
2638:Jujutsu
2623:Bokator
2618:Banshay
2552:hybrids
2518:Systema
2476:Hapkido
2378:Tai chi
2333:Vovinam
2278:Lethwei
2183:Cornish
2138:Jujutsu
2095:Randori
2045:Archery
2005:Weapons
1878:Vietnam
1851:Okinawa
1841:Ireland
1836:Italian
1778:Records
1768:History
1680:(1790).
1671:(1632).
1645:(1645).
1624:(1923).
1613:(1892).
1602:(1799).
1595:(1763).
1588:(1570).
1579:(1999).
1228:namsaru
1200:khopesh
1196:gladius
1192:Hebrews
1095:eskrima
1068:kalasag
955:. Some
927:battodo
889:samurai
813:Chinese
793:kaskara
787:as the
756:Arabian
748:Sherden
742:khopesh
735:khopesh
720:nakhtui
671:Rob Roy
643:dueling
486:posture
433:Fencing
386:dueling
329:cavalry
257:buckler
246:knights
226:buckler
222:MS I.33
171:wasters
128:gladius
88:gladius
65:fencing
32:Fencing
4700:Flèche
4685:Remise
4680:Attack
4484:Takoba
4479:Billao
4474:Shotel
4469:Flyssa
4464:Nimcha
4417:Africa
4404:Macana
4229:Pinuti
4219:Parang
4209:Laring
4174:Gayang
4148:Bicuco
4138:Barong
4133:Banyal
4043:Balato
4038:Parang
4033:Niabor
4028:Mandau
3914:Xiphos
3837:Pulwar
3832:Talwar
3806:Aruval
3796:Khanda
3736:Katana
3700:Ōdachi
3562:Modern
3422:Rapier
3293:Spatha
3274:Xiphos
3222:Europe
3127:Portal
3081:Karate
3066:Boxing
3036:Karate
3021:Boxing
2989:Kurash
2966:Karate
2951:Boxing
2921:Karate
2906:Boxing
2879:Aikido
2841:Karate
2814:Savate
2772:Karate
2757:Boxing
2585:Shooto
2361:Aikido
2313:Savate
2263:Karate
2238:Boxing
2118:Barróg
1946:Flying
1921:Ground
1916:Clinch
1873:Russia
1821:Europe
1657:
1502:
1413:
1375:
1294:Turkey
1280:Persia
1241:Ubulla
1150:talwar
1138:Arjuna
1106:Indian
1087:pinuti
993:Joseon
963:Korean
948:shinai
942:bokutō
936:bokken
914:katana
898:katana
789:takoba
784:shotel
772:billao
684:Africa
467:London
421:rapier
413:rapier
382:rapier
359:, and
341:pistol
267:. The
234:spatha
206:spatha
150:spatha
138:shield
133:scutum
95:Europe
4755:Forte
4745:Piste
4705:Flick
4675:Feint
4670:Lunge
4665:Parry
4577:Sabre
4264:Wasay
4224:Pirah
4204:Lahot
4194:Kalis
4184:Gulok
4169:Garab
4053:Surik
3961:Kilij
3919:Kopis
3801:Urumi
3781:India
3757:Iaitō
3752:Guntō
3715:Tantō
3695:Tachi
3659:Japan
3588:Korea
3569:Dadao
3543:Wodao
3481:China
3427:Sabre
3389:Estoc
3279:Kopis
3264:Harpe
3091:Sambo
2999:Sambo
2981:Wushu
2884:Wushu
2864:Sambo
2809:Glima
2714:Wuxia
2496:MCMAP
2466:Arnis
2298:Sanda
2258:Dambe
2233:Bando
2213:shoot
2178:catch
2158:Sambo
1988:Throw
1978:Sweep
1956:Stomp
1906:Punch
1858:Korea
1846:Japan
1826:India
1816:China
1329:Sword
1284:Spain
1276:Syria
1171:gatka
1154:katti
1146:katti
1142:kukri
1049:Arnis
1042:bolos
953:kendo
929:, or
919:iaido
910:tachi
885:sword
871:Kendo
856:spear
852:staff
776:Niger
594:sabre
574:India
517:sport
501:armes
370:Sabre
176:palus
58:sword
4760:Grip
4750:Lamé
4695:Ward
4572:Foil
4567:Épée
4259:Utak
4159:Bolo
4048:Gari
3994:Qama
3847:Pata
3496:Jian
3308:Falx
3298:Sica
3181:and
3076:Judo
3031:Judo
2956:Judo
2916:Judo
2856:Sumo
2799:Budō
2767:Judo
2188:folk
2168:Sumo
2128:Judo
2070:Kata
2013:Duel
1968:Hold
1941:Kick
1655:ISBN
1555:2014
1500:ISBN
1411:ISBN
1373:ISBN
1282:and
1267:Oman
1245:Iraq
1222:and
1204:Iran
1190:and
989:jian
893:jian
883:The
854:and
839:jian
803:Asia
791:and
714:seft
708:sfet
607:and
521:duel
488:and
463:Soho
417:duel
287:and
261:I.33
242:hilt
220:The
194:and
180:pell
4454:Ida
4324:Dha
3501:Dao
2208:oil
1005:'s
939:or
844:dao
824:dao
758:or
729:kat
717:or
165:by
157:.
52:or
4861::
4655:/
2788:,
2550:/
1545:.
1484:^
1471:,
1347:^
1278:,
1247:.
1074:,
925:,
921:,
725:ma
711:,
623:.
596:.
580:.
465:,
461:,
355:,
283:,
279:,
4733:)
4522:e
4515:t
4508:v
3921:/
3281:/
3171:e
3164:t
3157:v
2792:)
2784:(
2695:)
2691:(
2455:/
2397:/
2134:)
2130:(
1744:e
1737:t
1730:v
1663:.
1557:.
1508:.
1479:.
1417:.
1379:.
564:.
503:(
250:(
228:.
34:.
20:)
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