1632:
5733:
1426:
51:
1185:
7415:
1373:
1050:
7404:
1058:
7308:
7426:
1513:
8328:
7297:
5441:
1941:
8316:
901:, while more specific term (Syriac Christianity) came to be used as preferred designation for the entire Syriac branch of Eastern Christianity. That distinction is not yet universally accepted, even among scholars. It is gradually introduced in most of the English speaking world, with some notable exceptions. Churches of Syriac tradition in
783:) of both liturgical traditions (East and West Syriac) are called Syrian Christians. The traditional East Syriac community is represented by the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church and the Chaldean Syrian Church of India. The West Syriac liturgical tradition was introduced after 1665, and the community associated with it is represented by the
1441:
In India, all of the Saint Thomas
Christians are still collectively called "Syrian Christians". The majority of the Saint Thomas Christians, who initially depended on the Church of the East, maintained union with Rome in spite of discomforts felt at Latinization by their Portuguese rulers and clergy,
1409:
of the Church of the East declared: "And also in all the countries of
Babylon, of Persia, and of Assyria, and in all the countries of the sunrise, that is to say, among the Indians, the Chinese, the Tibetans, the Turks, and in all the provinces under the jurisdiction of this Patriarchal See, there is
1112:, dating from the first half of the 3rd century are concrete evidence of the presence of organized Christian communities in the Aramaic-speaking area, far from Jerusalem and the Mediterranean coast, and there are traditions of the preaching of Christianity in the region as early as the time of the
1011:
traditions, various researchers have opted for an additional use of some wider terms, like "Aramaic
Christianity", or "Aramaic Christendom", thus designating a religious, cultural and linguistic continuum, encompassing the entire branch of Christianity that stemmed from the first Aramaic-speaking
948:. Since the proposed distinction is not yet universally accepted among scholars, its individual and often inconsistent application has created a complex narrative, that is additionally burdened by older problems, inherited from terminological controversies that originated much earlier, within
1437:
but later formed the nucleus of the present-day
Assyrian Church of the East and Ancient Church of the East, while at the end of the 18th century most followers of the earlier patriarchate chose union with Rome and, with some others, now form the Chaldean Catholic Church.
3468:
838:
predominated in
Christian writings and was accepted as the standard form, "a convenient vehicle for the spread of Christianity wherever there was a substrate of spoken Aramaic". The area where Syriac or Aramaic was spoken, an area of contact and conflict between the
1138:. Ephrem lived in the Roman Empire, close to the border with the Sasanian Empire, to which the other two writers belonged. However, another source claims there is a significant amount of evidence from the fourth century and before about liturgical practices.
1119:
However, "virtually every aspect of Syriac
Christianity prior to the fourth century remains obscure, and it is only then that one can feel oneself on firmer ground". The fourth century is marked by the many writings in Syriac of Saint
3496:
2182:. "It is generally agreed that Aramaic was the common language of Palestine in the first century A.D. Jesus and his disciples spoke the Galilean dialect, which was distinguished from that of Jerusalem (Matt. 26:73)."
5526:
1453:
Those who in 1653 broke with the
Catholic Church as dominated by the Portuguese in India and soon chose union with the Syriac Orthodox Church later split into various groups. The first separation was that of the
688:
period, giving rise to various liturgical and denominational traditions, represented in modern times by several churches which continue to uphold the religious and cultural heritage of Syriac
Christianity.
5524:
855:, the Sasanian capital, in the east and comprised the whole or parts of present-day Syria, Lebanon, Israel/Palestine, Iraq, and parts of Turkey and Iran, with its speakers being largely Semitic
1239:, in relation to "western" (Roman Empire) Church authorities. Even in its modern form of Assyrian Church of the East and Ancient Church of the East, it honours Nestorius as a teacher and saint.
5514:
1925:(mostly in America, Iran, and Iraq) from East Syriac Christians, and the Aramean Free Church (mostly in Germany, Sweden, America and Syria) from West Syriac Christians. Because of their new (
1031:, since the first designation is linguistically defined and thus refers to Aramaic-speaking Christians in general, while the second designation is more specific and refers only to Christian
5508:
4048:
1344:
while also accusing the other of teaching heresy. Their theological estrangement has persisted through the medieval and early modern periods and into the present era. In 1999, the
1176:, included twenty from Syria and one from Persia, outside the Roman Empire. Two councils held in the following century divided Syriac Christianity into two opposing parties.
5528:
1458:
in 1772. At the end of the 19th century and in the course of the 20th, a division arose among those who remained united with the Syriac
Orthodox Church who insisted on full
1611:, which spread Christianity outside Persia, to India, China, Tibet and Mongolia, expanding the range of this eastern branch of Syriac Christianity. The western branch, the
1917:, which originated from Churches of the West Syriac Rite, various Evangelical denominations continue to send representatives among Syriac Christians. As a result, several
5732:
5533:
2689:
940:) that were derived from the name of Syria did not possess a distinctive formal duality that would be equivalent to the conventional English distinction between terms
1417:, the East Syriac Rite was the one originally used, but those who in the 17th century accepted union with the Syriac Orthodox Church adopted the rite of that church.
6508:
205:
5519:
1405:("Holy God, Holy Mighty, Holy Immortal, have mercy on us") the phrase "who were crucified for us". The Church of the East interpreted this as heretical. Patriarch
1305:). Since those three theologians were highly regarded among Eastern Syriac Christians, further rifts were created, culminating in 612, when a major council of the
5537:
5914:
593:
5520:
8236:
5567:
6543:
5478:
4791:
4747:
1332:
Theological estrangement between East Syriac and West Syriac branches was manifested as a prolonged rivalry, that was particularly intensive between the
5527:
5512:
5511:
889:, the term "Syriac Christianity" is preferred over the alternative form "Syrian Christianity", that was also commonly used in older literature, as a
7344:
2645:
1491:
In the 19th and 20th centuries many Syriac
Christians, both East and West, left the Middle East for other lands, creating a substantial diaspora.
195:
5498:
4438:"Nestorius of Constantinople: Condemnation, Suppression, Veneration: With special reference to the role of his name in East-Syriac Christianity"
917:
and legal reasons. The term.Syria itself is an Indo-European corruption of Assyria, and fir centuries only referred to the Mesopotamian region.
5525:
5518:
5414:
897:, a tendency occurred (firstly among scholars) to reduce the term "Syrian Christianity" to its primary (regional) meaning, that designates the
549:
7011:
6134:
50:
2664:
Oriental Armour of the Near and Middle East from the Eighth to the Fifteenth Centuries as Shown in Works of Art (in Islamic Arms and Armour)
1898:, and many of the present Churches in India are in communion with either East or West Syriac Churches. These Indian Christians are known as
3100:"The Christology of the Church of the East in the Synods of the Fifth to Early Seventh Centuries: Preliminary Considerations and Materials"
1631:
3469:"Christianity in Edessa and the Syriac-Speaking World: Mani, Bar Daysan, and Ephraem, the Struggle for Allegiance on the Aramean Frontier"
5826:
6967:
586:
5531:
1560:) adopted Christianity very early, perhaps already from the first century, and began to abandon their three-millennia-old traditional
1007:
proper to the north. Since Western Aramaic Christians did not fit into narrow scholarly definition of Syriac Christianity, focused on
8128:
7383:
6518:
5560:
5522:
5390:
967:
in what is today Iraq, Southeast Turkey and Northwest Iran, and its offspring. Such reduction was detaching Syriac Christianity from
6470:
6422:
5523:
5471:
4784:
1488:, declared himself a Catholic and, having received confirmation from Rome in 1783, became the head of the Syriac Catholic Church.
1446:. A small group, which split from these in the early 19th century, united at the beginning of the 20th century, under the name of
7561:
5505:
5385:
5325:
5532:
5501:
7876:
7870:
6400:
6390:
6154:
6025:
5896:
5112:
1914:
1789:
773:
238:
5510:
5507:
6979:
5924:
5919:
5530:
5529:
5521:
3032:
2726:
2699:
2127:
579:
4009:
1433:
A schism in 1552 in the Church of the East gave rise to a separate patriarchate, which at first entered into union with the
1394:
are absent. West Syriacs use the Syro-Antiochian or West Syriac Rite, which belongs to the family of liturgies known as the
1386:
The liturgies of the East and West Syriacs are quite distinct. The East Syriac Rite is noted especially for its eucharistic
7337:
7104:
6050:
6020:
5553:
5516:
5503:
5502:
4986:
3278:
3245:
1959:
215:
920:
Modern distinctions between "Syrian" and "Syriac" (Christianity) are observed in English language as a partially accepted
8211:
7142:
5464:
4777:
3752:
5535:
5515:
5509:
1352:, which has among its members the Chaldean Catholic Church, and demanded that it remove from its liturgy the mention of
7888:
5886:
5534:
2672:
1910:
83:
672:. It became a vessel for the development of a distinctive Syriac form of Christianity which flourished throughout the
7028:
6127:
5061:
4676:
4653:
4617:
4594:
4571:
4548:
4517:
4494:
4409:
4386:
4365:
4342:
4321:
4297:
4274:
4251:
4228:
4205:
4181:
4158:
4135:
4112:
4086:
3995:
3964:
3940:
3917:
3894:
3871:
3848:
3825:
3802:
3781:
3741:
3720:
3697:
3663:
3640:
3617:
3594:
3571:
3548:
3525:
3454:
3428:
3404:
3363:
3315:
3223:
3179:
3153:
3111:
3085:
3018:
2994:
2928:
2896:
2858:
2837:
2783:
2760:
2179:
1771:
1701:
1455:
808:
769:
761:
87:
7414:
5500:
4760:
4743:
Qambel Maran- Syriac chants from South India- a review and liturgical music tradition of Syriac Christians revisited
233:
8270:
7272:
6060:
5315:
5055:
5049:
4528:
4124:"Classical Syriac, Neo-Aramaic, and Arabic in the Church of the East and the Chaldean Church between 1500 and 1800"
1687:
1671:
1467:
1463:
788:
784:
753:
741:
103:
17:
2539:
1012:
Christian communities, formed in apostolic times, and then continued to develop throughout history, mainly in the
7556:
7330:
6539:
6437:
6405:
5749:
5718:
5310:
5097:
4956:
1906:
1765:
1406:
1349:
1286:
1044:
834:, a Galilean dialect. This relationship added to its prestige for Christians. The form of the language in use in
536:
426:
162:
3883:"Peter, Paul and James of Jerusalem: The Doctrinal and Political Evolution of the Eastern and Oriental Churches"
959:
The use of Syrian/Syriac labels was also challenged by common scholarly reduction of Syriac Christianity to the
704:. The East Syriac Rite (also known variably as the Assyrian, Sassanid, Babylonian or Persian Rite), whose main
7951:
7936:
7918:
7894:
7799:
7624:
7231:
6480:
6395:
5831:
5380:
5030:
2954:
1748:
1478:
757:
6198:
4742:
1348:, a sister-church of the Syriac Orthodox Church, blocked admittance of the Assyrian Church of the East to the
7805:
7766:
7680:
7551:
7038:
6360:
5838:
5295:
4890:
1561:
1380:
1232:
1113:
541:
200:
34:
8353:
8290:
8265:
8201:
7965:
7043:
6120:
5906:
5881:
5024:
1443:
880:
729:
265:
8275:
8221:
8084:
7782:
7501:
7476:
7470:
7393:
7114:
6895:
6757:
5864:
5821:
5781:
5757:
5664:
5517:
5499:
5397:
5214:
5073:
4971:
4965:
4935:
3975:
The Library of Paradise: a History of Contemplative Reading in the Monasteries of the Church of the East.
3906:"The Material Culture of the Syrian Peoples in Late Antiquity and the Evidence for Syrian Wall Paintings"
3294:
The Syrian Orthodox Church of Antioch and All the East: A Brief Introduction to Its Life and Spirituality
1922:
1818:
1709:
1507:
1485:
713:
481:
210:
179:
174:
169:
120:
5506:
1425:
8285:
7507:
7224:
7186:
6673:
5762:
5669:
5654:
5041:
4941:
4848:
2642:
1842:
1255:
812:
725:
124:
7930:
7267:
7257:
7219:
6974:
6784:
6752:
6706:
6683:
5659:
5016:
4904:
4823:
4722:
4709:
4096:
1851:
1718:
1387:
1302:
1263:
1089:
like Aramaic pagan peoples along the Eastern Mediterranean coast and also to the inland parts of the
796:
709:
376:
246:
110:
91:
5513:
971:
Christian traditions, that were enrooted in the very homeland of Christianity, encompassing ancient
8206:
7744:
7495:
7247:
7152:
7147:
6962:
6927:
6853:
6809:
6804:
6601:
6427:
6272:
6169:
6164:
5254:
5118:
4912:
2823:
2568:
1862:
1728:
1588:
1581:
717:
321:
184:
7403:
1564:, although this religion did not fully die out until as late as the tenth century. The kingdom of
8295:
7829:
7817:
7690:
7589:
6932:
6666:
6571:
6460:
6410:
6267:
6184:
6159:
6040:
5850:
5649:
5199:
5106:
3541:
Visions of Community in the Post-Roman World: The West, Byzantium and the Islamic World, 300â1100
1899:
1337:
1259:
1251:
780:
642:
220:
5504:
1235:
in 410, and which at the Synod of Dadisho in 424 had declared the independence of its head, the
653:
in general, thus encompassing all Christian traditions that are based on liturgical uses of the
8050:
7662:
7464:
7458:
7366:
with various additional/alternate self-identifications, such as Syriacs, Arameans, or Chaldeans
7252:
6843:
6701:
6643:
6534:
6513:
6278:
5959:
5690:
5630:
5239:
5224:
5082:
4856:
4837:
3629:"Arameans and Aramaic in Transition â Western Influences and the Roots of Aramean Christianity"
2526:
1829:
1738:
1661:
1447:
1357:
1345:
1290:
1275:
1169:
893:, particularly during the 19th and the 20th centuries. Since the latter term proved to be very
749:
737:
733:
721:
149:
99:
75:
7566:
5320:
4455:"Jacobs and Jacobites: The Syrian Origins of the Name and its Egyptian Arabic Interpretations"
4010:"The Evolution of the Syrian Orthodox Church in the Pre-Islamic Period: From Greek to Syriac?"
2716:
2117:
1929:) theology these are sometimes not classified as traditional Churches of Syriac Christianity.
7674:
7650:
7311:
6910:
6636:
6445:
6348:
6303:
6232:
4758:
The Center for the Study of Christianity: A Comprehensive Bibliography on Syriac Christianity
898:
446:
8257:
8243:
8191:
8166:
8156:
8146:
8141:
8136:
7900:
7594:
7132:
7082:
7067:
6944:
6653:
6553:
6503:
6498:
6455:
6415:
6343:
5901:
5843:
5799:
5695:
5576:
5370:
5204:
5179:
3274:
1616:
1391:
1243:
1066:
1017:
677:
626:
554:
401:
42:
7425:
4078:
The Lopsided Spread of Christianity: Toward an Understanding of the Diffusion of Religions
3246:"Christian Aramaism: The Birth and Growth of Aramaic Scholarship in the Sixteenth Century"
3124:(1999e). "The Importance of the Syriac Traditions in Ecumenical Dialogue on Christology".
1372:
8:
8332:
8216:
8186:
8181:
8176:
8161:
8079:
7841:
7668:
7656:
7604:
7599:
7419:
7378:
7301:
7277:
7262:
7181:
7171:
7157:
7137:
7127:
7097:
7077:
7006:
6737:
6566:
6493:
6323:
6252:
6179:
5589:
5445:
5419:
5274:
5259:
5219:
4378:
Roman Edessa: Politics and Culture on the Eastern Fringes of the Roman Empire, 114-242 CE
2171:
1946:
1877:
1576:
in 114 as a semi-autonomous vassal state and then, after a period under the supremacy of
1495:
1477:
between some of the Malankara Syrian Orthodox and the Catholic Church. They now form the
1184:
1109:
567:
521:
95:
3733:
Ostsyrische Christen und Kurden im Osmanischen Reich des 19. und frĂŒhen 20. Jahrhunderts
8231:
8151:
8072:
8045:
7762:
7388:
7176:
7122:
7033:
7023:
6814:
6729:
6678:
6288:
5995:
5816:
5786:
5700:
5593:
5330:
5234:
5164:
4878:
4032:
3488:
3464:
3438:
3209:
3189:
3163:
3137:
3121:
3095:
3069:
3057:
3028:
3004:
2978:
2964:
2938:
2914:
2902:
2868:
2407:
1811:
1779:
1608:
1353:
1333:
1310:
1306:
1294:
1224:
1212:
1197:
1173:
1150:
1062:
980:
852:
804:
792:
765:
705:
669:
630:
115:
70:
3236:
The Indian Christians of St Thomas: An Account of the Ancient Syrian Church of Malabar
8226:
8196:
8023:
7974:
7960:
7811:
7614:
7213:
7092:
6998:
6922:
6821:
6794:
6713:
6661:
6611:
6370:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6318:
6308:
6257:
6081:
5891:
5375:
5139:
4814:
4672:
4649:
4613:
4590:
4567:
4544:
4513:
4490:
4405:
4382:
4361:
4338:
4317:
4293:
4270:
4247:
4224:
4201:
4177:
4154:
4131:
4108:
4082:
4036:
3991:
3960:
3936:
3913:
3890:
3867:
3844:
3821:
3798:
3777:
3737:
3716:
3693:
3659:
3636:
3613:
3590:
3567:
3544:
3521:
3492:
3450:
3424:
3414:
3400:
3359:
3311:
3219:
3175:
3149:
3107:
3081:
3061:
3014:
2990:
2950:
2924:
2906:
2892:
2854:
2833:
2779:
2756:
2722:
2695:
2668:
2662:
2399:
2175:
2123:
1655:
1317:(d. 628), the council officially adopted specific Christological formulations, using
1162:
1154:
1121:
921:
823:
634:
456:
79:
65:
3753:"New Evidence for the History of Indigenous Aramaic Christianity in Southern Jordan"
3517:
Christ in Christian Tradition: The Churches of Jerusalem and Antioch from 451 to 600
1873:
of patriarchs of the Church of the East following splits in 1552, 1667/1668 and 1779
1494:
In modern times, several Churches of Syriac tradition are actively participating in
8171:
7756:
7609:
7581:
7487:
7450:
6957:
6799:
6774:
6353:
6313:
5854:
5771:
5264:
5189:
4995:
4871:
4808:
4536:
4063:
4044:
4024:
3511:
3480:
3338:
3047:
2884:
2391:
1885:
1866:
1855:
1803:
1722:
1647:
1596:
1537:
972:
886:
831:
701:
697:
309:
287:
8109:
2119:
Catholic Dictionary: An Abridged and Updated Edition of Modern Catholic Dictionary
1429:
Present-day divisions of Saint Thomas Christians (also known as Syrian Christians)
1105:, which was dominated at different times and to varying extents by these empires.
8099:
7924:
7714:
7708:
7571:
7546:
7526:
7353:
7166:
7072:
6863:
6561:
5859:
5357:
5340:
5335:
5159:
5154:
4831:
4764:
4726:
4713:
4664:
4641:
4605:
4582:
4559:
4505:
4482:
4471:
4397:
4376:
4353:
4332:
4311:
4285:
4262:
4239:
4216:
4195:
4169:
4146:
4123:
4100:
4076:
3985:
3954:
3950:
3928:
3905:
3882:
3859:
3836:
3813:
3792:
3769:
3731:
3708:
3687:
3651:
3628:
3605:
3582:
3559:
3536:
3515:
3442:
3418:
3394:
3351:
3303:
3292:
3234:
3213:
3193:
3167:
3141:
3099:
3073:
3008:
2982:
2968:
2942:
2918:
2872:
2848:
2827:
2794:
2771:
2748:
2649:
1954:
1742:
1665:
1612:
1604:
1577:
1553:
1545:
1517:
1484:
In the Middle East, the newly enthroned patriarch of the Syriac Orthodox Church,
1434:
1395:
1318:
1314:
1279:
1228:
1205:
1098:
1094:
1049:
1008:
968:
964:
960:
953:
914:
856:
844:
800:
745:
638:
610:
491:
486:
282:
6055:
3837:"Churches in Syriac Space: Architectural and Liturgical Context and Development"
3256:
1340:(Syriac Orthodox Church), with each branch claiming that its doctrines were not
924:, but such distinctions do not exist in most of the other languages, nor on the
8320:
7979:
7906:
7882:
7770:
7541:
7536:
7162:
7062:
6858:
6747:
6693:
6626:
6606:
6365:
6206:
6086:
5944:
5601:
5433:
5300:
5290:
5244:
5184:
4916:
4894:
4540:
4307:
3484:
3374:
3010:
From Ephrem to Romanos: Interactions Between Syriac and Greek in Late Antiquity
1775:
1636:
1474:
1298:
1258:(among which is the Syriac Orthodox Church) that use the West Syriac Rite. The
1201:
1086:
949:
910:
685:
681:
665:
661:
531:
304:
292:
225:
4459:
Scrinium: Journal of Patrology, Critical Hagiographyand Ecclesiastical History
3396:
Reforging a Forgotten History: Iraq and the Assyrians in the Twentieth Century
2888:
8347:
7823:
7430:
7408:
7087:
7018:
6868:
6576:
6216:
6211:
5954:
5949:
5710:
5685:
5585:
5407:
5093:
4952:
4191:
4005:
3981:
3689:
Will, Action and Freedom: Christological Controversies in the Seventh Century
3342:
3052:
2403:
1926:
1752:
1691:
1675:
1525:
1247:
1134:
906:
693:
386:
371:
351:
314:
299:
275:
144:
8089:
7847:
6900:
6848:
6779:
6769:
6450:
6382:
6247:
6143:
6015:
6010:
6005:
5804:
5794:
5767:
5741:
5605:
5249:
5209:
5169:
4927:
4028:
1620:
1592:
1573:
1376:
1220:
1090:
840:
732:. The West Syriac Rite (also called Antiochian Syriac Rite), which has the
411:
396:
381:
361:
356:
346:
4583:"The Renaissance of Syriac Literature in the TwelfthâThirteenth Centuries"
8094:
7732:
7726:
7363:
7202:
6952:
6915:
6764:
6616:
6591:
6488:
6091:
6065:
5617:
5609:
5597:
5269:
4757:
2989:. Vol. 13. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 708â719.
1918:
1600:
1459:
1325:(Ü©ÜąÜÜĄÜ) as designation for dual (divine and human) properties within one
1271:
1142:
1102:
1004:
864:
526:
391:
270:
4223:. Vol. 5. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 511â536.
4151:
Syriac Encounters: Papers from the Sixth North American Syriac Symposium
4067:
3537:"Ethnicity, Ethnogenesis and the Identity of Syriac Orthodox Christians"
8060:
8055:
7853:
7050:
6789:
6586:
6242:
6174:
6101:
6096:
6035:
5964:
5874:
5809:
5545:
5194:
4147:"Classical Syriac and the Syriac Churches: A Twentieth-Century History"
2850:
The Church of the East: An Illustrated History of Assyrian Christianity
2411:
2379:
1793:
1783:
1756:
1705:
1236:
937:
416:
4769:
4693:
3633:
Research on Israel and Aram: Autonomy, Independence and Related Issues
3172:
Eastern Christianity: Studies in Modern History, Religion and Politics
1057:
818:
The Syriac language is a variety of Aramaic language, that emerged in
8280:
8114:
7994:
7835:
7776:
7207:
7055:
6890:
6880:
6873:
6831:
6826:
6621:
6581:
6045:
5985:
5149:
3375:"Ethno-cultural and Religious Identity of Syrian Orthodox Christians"
2772:"Syriac and Syrians in the Later Roman Empire: Questions of Identity"
1541:
1512:
1402:
1361:
1274:(those who believe in the one rather than two natures of Christ) and
1216:
1078:
1074:
1013:
1000:
929:
928:(native) level among adherents of Syriac Christianity. Native terms (
925:
894:
673:
501:
421:
366:
4628:
3987:
A Greek Roman Empire: Power and Belief under Theodosius II (408â450)
3674:
2811:
2395:
2197:
1825:
of patriarchs of the Church of the East that took this name in 1976
1741:(Syriac Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch and all the East, based in
1732:
1731:(Syriac Maronite Patriarchate of Antioch and all the East, based in
1664:(Syriac Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch and all the East, based in
668:, Classical Syriac was one of the three most important languages of
8065:
8038:
8011:
7999:
7984:
7738:
7685:
6596:
6465:
6030:
6000:
5969:
5641:
5621:
5613:
5402:
5305:
5144:
4454:
4437:
4420:
1994:
1992:
1884:
that is independent from the Chaldean Catholic hierarchy since the
1695:
1326:
1189:
1158:
1129:
1032:
933:
860:
406:
341:
7322:
3326:
1607:. This encouraged acceptance of Nestorian doctrine by the Persian
8327:
7720:
7642:
7522:
7296:
6905:
6885:
6742:
6631:
5869:
5456:
5440:
5229:
2920:
Studies in Syriac Christianity: History, Literature, and Theology
1940:
1565:
1267:
996:
992:
988:
984:
890:
868:
848:
827:
654:
646:
451:
4313:
Gnostica, Judaica, Catholica: Collected Essays of Gilles Quispel
3794:
Symbols of the Cross in the Writings of the Early Syriac Fathers
2873:"Christians in the Sasanian Empire: A Case of Divided Loyalties"
1989:
1266:
and non-Chalcedonian. The Chalcedonians were often labelled as '
1223:. That condemnation was consequently ignored by the East Syriac
8300:
8104:
8033:
8006:
7989:
6112:
5003:
4421:"The Church of the East & Its Theology: History of Studies"
3956:
Imperial unity and Christian divisions: The Church 450â680 A.D.
1881:
1569:
1341:
1215:, which is reckoned as the third ecumenical council, condemned
1146:
1141:
Other items of early literature of Syriac Christianity are the
835:
819:
5497:
3560:"Theological Doctrines and Debates within Syriac Christianity"
2483:
1188:
West Syriac dioceses of the Syriac Orthodox Church during the
8028:
8016:
7912:
6838:
6298:
6237:
6194:
5776:
5363:
5174:
5007:
4735:
3443:"Ephraem, the Deacon of Edessa, and the Church of the Empire"
3106:. New York and London: Garland Publishing. pp. 281â298.
3080:. New York and London: Garland Publishing. pp. 258â280.
3033:"St. Ephrem in the Eyes of Later Syriac Liturgical Tradition"
2721:. London: Catholic Truth Society. pp. 368â371, 374â375.
2691:
Eastern Christianity and Politics in the Twenty-First Century
2430:
1895:
1833:
1679:
1639:
1521:
1414:
976:
902:
496:
4748:
Traditions and rituals among the Syrian Christians of Kerala
3652:"The Pre-Christian Religions of the Syriac-Speaking Regions"
3583:"Women and Children in Syriac Christianity: Sounding Voices"
3255:. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns. pp. 421â436. Archived from
2442:
2418:
2308:
2214:
2212:
5990:
4221:
The Cambridge History of Christianity: Eastern Christianity
3168:"The Syriac Churches in Ecumenical Dialogue on Christology"
3148:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 362â372.
2949:. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. pp. 212â234.
2380:"Jewish Liturgical Traditions in Early Syriac Christianity"
2097:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1529:
1082:
4717:
2332:
2296:
2260:
2248:
2236:
2136:
1845:, split from the Assyrian Church of the East in the 1960s.
4752:
4704:
4337:(6th revised ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
3420:
Communautés syriaques en Iran et Irak des origines à 1552
2799:
Bulletin of the Canadian Society for Mesopotamian Studies
2587:
2542:
Defining Christ: The Church of the East and Nascent Islam
2471:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2209:
2073:
2036:
2034:
1053:
Present-day Middle-Eastern Syriac Christian denominations
811:(an independent Oriental Orthodox Church not part of the
206:
Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Slovenia
3215:
Fire from Heaven: Studies in Syriac Theology and Liturgy
2569:"Malabar Independent Syrian Church The Thozhiyur Church"
2361:
2359:
2344:
2272:
2185:
2148:
2085:
1972:
189:
Eastern Rite Community in Germany and the Czech Republic
4665:"Historiography in the Syriac-Speaking World, 300â1000"
4580:
4533:
Eastern Crossroads: Essays on Medieval Christian Legacy
4200:(2nd revised ed.). San Francisco: Ignatius Press.
2599:
2224:
2051:
2049:
2021:
2019:
2004:
1894:
East Syriac Christians were involved in the mission to
1473:
A reunion movement led in 1930 to the establishment of
649:
language. In a wider sense, the term can also refer to
2548:
2507:
2454:
2031:
1262:
was consequently divided between two communities, pro-
830:) during the first centuries AD. It is related to the
226:
P'ent'ay - Ethiopian and Eritrean Evangelical Churches
4360:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 365â386.
3382:
Chronos: Revue d'Histoire de l'Université de Balamand
2973:. Kottayam: St. Ephrem Ecumenical Research Institute.
2611:
2356:
2320:
2284:
4334:
Robinson's Paradigms and Exercises in Syriac Grammar
4130:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 335â352.
3770:"Forms of the Religious Life and Syriac Monasticism"
3709:"Changing Demography: Christians in Iraq since 1991"
3510:
3280:
Synodicon orientale ou recueil de synodes nestoriens
3104:
Doctrinal Diversity: Varieties of Early Christianity
3078:
Doctrinal Diversity: Varieties of Early Christianity
2575:
2495:
2061:
2046:
2016:
1936:
1821:, traditionalist continuation that emerged from the
4581:Weltecke, Dorothea; Younansardaroud, Helen (2019).
4535:. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press. pp. 387â400.
3194:"The Syriac Orient: A Third 'Lung' for the Church?"
3146:
The Cambridge History of Early Christian Literature
1270:' (Imperials), while their opponents were labelled
4331:Robinson, Theodore H.; Coakley, James F. (2013) .
4167:
4144:
4121:
4095:
3520:. Vol. 2/3. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
3473:Journal of the Canadian Society for Syriac Studies
2623:
1998:
4153:. Louvain: Peeters Publishers. pp. 119â148.
3543:. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing. pp. 183â204.
2643:East of the Euphrates: Early Christianity in Asia
1379:of the Syriac Orthodox Church celebration of the
1179:
8345:
4197:Rome and the Eastern Churches: A Study in Schism
4128:Aramaic in Its Historical and Linguistic Setting
2809:
1704:(Independent Oriental Orthodox Church, based in
1626:
1442:against which they protested. They now form the
1367:
657:and its variations, both historical and modern.
5015:
4330:
4217:"Syriac Christianity in the modern Middle East"
4105:The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity
2203:
1921:groups have been established, particularly the
1227:, which had been previously established in the
196:Evangelical Church of Egypt (Synod of the Nile)
4642:"The Syriac Church Denominations: An Overview"
4358:The Oxford Handbook of Early Christian Studies
4286:"The Emergence of Syriac Literature to AD 400"
3959:Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press.
3887:Eastern Christianity in the Modern Middle East
3820:. London-New York: Routledge. pp. 66â77.
3327:"Syriac Historiography and Identity Formation"
2527:"Metropolitan Bishoy, "The Assyrian Churches""
1501:
1289:, the fifth ecumenical council, anathematized
7338:
7012:Architecture of cathedrals and great churches
6711:
6128:
5561:
5472:
4785:
4395:
4240:"Early Syriac Reactions to the Rise of Islam"
3889:. London-New York: Routledge. pp. 1â12.
3447:Diakonia: Studies in Honor of Robert T. Meyer
587:
7362:Ethno-linguistic group(s) indigenous to the
4629:"The Church of the East in the 'Abbasid Era"
3990:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
3635:. TĂŒbingen: Mohr Siebeck. pp. 433â446.
2739:
1364:, whom it venerates as "the Greek doctors".
803:), the Mar Thoma Syrian Church (part of the
787:(a part of the Syriac Orthodox Church), the
4506:"The Coming of Christianity to Mesopotamia"
4049:"The Early Spread of Christianity in India"
3534:
3373:Donabed, Sargon G.; Mako, Shamiran (2009).
3372:
2822:
2489:
2448:
2115:
1246:, the fourth ecumenical council, condemned
1085:. It soon spread to other Aramaic-speaking
7345:
7331:
6135:
6121:
5568:
5554:
5479:
5465:
5415:MalankaraâPersian ecclesiastical relations
4792:
4778:
4626:
4074:
3949:
3929:"The Establishment of the Syriac Churches"
3557:
2544:(Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam 2016), p. 79
2465:
2436:
2424:
2191:
1196:Syriac Christianity is divided on several
795:), the Syro-Malankara Catholic Church (an
594:
580:
4480:
4452:
4435:
4418:
3860:"The Syriac Bible and its Interpretation"
3449:. Washington: CUA Press. pp. 25â52.
3399:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
3051:
2829:The Church of the East: A Concise History
2795:"A Legacy of Syria: The Aramaic Language"
2714:
2708:
2667:. London: Robert Elgood. p. Fig.38.
2377:
2314:
1410:no addition of Crucifixus es pro nobis".
1293:, and also condemned several writings of
779:In India, indigenous Eastern Christians (
5575:
4557:
4283:
4214:
3857:
3675:"The Syriac World in the Persian Empire"
3463:
3437:
3290:
3239:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2792:
2746:
2687:
2681:
2581:
2230:
2103:
2040:
1630:
1595:a heresy. Nestorians, persecuted in the
1511:
1470:, who remain faithful to the patriarch.
1450:, with the Assyrian Church of the East.
1424:
1371:
1183:
1056:
1048:
5386:Proposals for Assyrian autonomy in Iraq
4799:
4671:. London: Routledge. pp. 405â421.
4648:. London: Routledge. pp. 119â133.
4639:
4612:. London: Routledge. pp. 422â437.
4589:. London: Routledge. pp. 698â717.
4566:. London: Routledge. pp. 391â404.
4489:. London: Routledge. pp. 625â652.
4469:
4404:. London: Routledge. pp. 339â354.
4306:
4292:. London: Routledge. pp. 309â326.
4269:. London: Routledge. pp. 653â697.
4260:
4246:. London: Routledge. pp. 175â188.
4190:
4176:. London: Routledge. pp. 770â782.
4107:. Malden: Blackwell. pp. 249â268.
4043:
3935:. London: Routledge. pp. 105â118.
3912:. London: Routledge. pp. 460â475.
3903:
3880:
3866:. London: Routledge. pp. 293â308.
3843:. London: Routledge. pp. 476â553.
3811:
3767:
3750:
3715:. London: Routledge. pp. 783â796.
3685:
3649:
3626:
3589:. London: Routledge. pp. 554â566.
3566:. London: Routledge. pp. 377â390.
3392:
3358:. London: Routledge. pp. 583â624.
3349:
3301:
3243:
2778:. London: Routledge. pp. 157â174.
2769:
2755:. London: Routledge. pp. 731â750.
2660:
2617:
2554:
2513:
2350:
2338:
2302:
2278:
2266:
2254:
2242:
2166:Allen C. Myers, ed. (1987), "Aramaic".
2142:
2122:. Crown Publishing Group. p. 493.
2079:
2055:
2025:
2010:
1401:The Syriac Orthodox Church adds to the
14:
8346:
5113:St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India
4635:. London: Routledge. pp. 189â201.
4560:"The Liturgies of the Syriac Churches"
4503:
4476:. Milwaukee: Bruce Publishing Company.
4351:
4004:
3980:
3834:
3776:. London: Routledge. pp. 88â104.
3706:
3681:. London: Routledge. pp. 134â145.
3672:
3603:
3580:
3273:
3253:Seeking Out the Wisdom of the Ancients
3162:
3136:
3120:
3094:
3068:
3027:
3003:
2846:
2818:. London: Routledge. pp. 146â156.
2605:
2593:
2501:
2477:
2365:
2326:
2290:
2218:
2091:
1983:
1915:St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India
1880:, an Eastern Catholic Church based in
1790:St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India
774:St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India
239:St. Thomas Evangelical Church of India
7326:
6116:
5549:
5460:
4773:
4526:
4512:. London: Routledge. pp. 68â87.
4473:The Fathers and Doctors of the Church
4396:Saint-Laurent, Jeanne-Nicole (2019).
3926:
3790:
3757:Sydney Studies in Society and Culture
3729:
3658:. London: Routledge. pp. 47â67.
3352:"Syriac Christianity in Central Asia"
3324:
3310:. London: Routledge. pp. 33â43.
3232:
3208:
3188:
3174:. London: Melisende. pp. 44â65.
2977:
2963:
2937:
2913:
2867:
2832:. London-New York: Routledge-Curzon.
2154:
2067:
1905:In modern times, even apart from the
1413:Among the Saint Thomas Christians of
1016:and also in several other regions of
710:Holy Qurbana of Saints Addai and Mari
192:Evangelical Baptist Church of Georgia
4662:
4603:
4442:Journal of Eastern Christian Studies
4374:
4237:
4056:Bulletin of the John Rylands Library
3413:
3331:Church History and Religious Culture
2970:A Brief Outline of Syriac Literature
2629:
1960:Saint Thomas Christian denominations
1584:, first in 214, and finally in 242.
1549:
1420:
736:as its anaphora, is the rite of the
614:
234:Society for Eastern Rite Anglicanism
216:Kosovo Protestant Evangelical Church
7352:
4170:"Syriac Identity in the Modern Era"
4168:Murre-van den Berg, Heleen (2019).
4145:Murre van den Berg, Heleen (2015).
4122:Murre van den Berg, Heleen (2008).
3612:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 391â402.
2947:Eusebius, Christianity, and Judaism
2688:Leustean, Lucian N. (30 May 2014).
2566:
1751:(Malankara Syrian Catholic Church,
1557:
1254:. This council was rejected by the
991:, and also those in the regions of
963:Christian heritage found among the
24:
5486:
4529:"Current Trends in Syriac Studies"
4017:Journal of Early Christian Studies
3297:. Geneva: Inter-Orthodox dialogue.
3074:"Eusebius and Syriac Christianity"
2943:"Eusebius and Syriac Christianity"
1911:Mar Thoma Syrian Church of Malabar
1836:of the Assyrian Church of the East
1674:(Syriac Orthodox Church in India,
1069:from the 9th to the 13th centuries
692:Syriac Christianity comprises two
25:
8365:
5391:AssyrianâChaldeanâSyriac diaspora
5062:Malabar Independent Syrian Church
4687:
4354:"The East: Syria and Mesopotamia"
3142:"Ephrem and the Syriac Tradition"
3040:Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies
2812:"Judaism and Syriac Christianity"
2810:Bar-Asher Siegal, Michal (2019).
1772:Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church
1702:Malabar Independent Syrian Church
1456:Malabar Independent Syrian Church
1168:The bishops who took part in the
1027:should not be confused with term
913:, as "Syrian" Churches, both for
809:Malabar Independent Syrian Church
770:Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church
762:Malabar Independent Syrian Church
185:Believers Eastern Church of India
8326:
8314:
8271:Assyrian Democratic Organisation
7424:
7413:
7402:
7307:
7306:
7295:
6423:State church of the Roman Empire
6142:
5731:
5439:
5056:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church
5050:Jacobite Syrian Christian Church
4398:"Syriac Hagiographic Literature"
4081:. Westport: Praeger Publishers.
2378:Rouwhorst, Gerard (March 1997).
1939:
1688:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church
1672:Jacobite Syrian Christian Church
1599:, sought refuge in the parts of
1468:Jacobite Syrian Christian Church
1464:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church
789:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church
785:Jacobite Syrian Christian Church
754:Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church
742:Jacobite Syrian Christian Church
49:
6406:First seven ecumenical councils
5887:Christianization of Kievan Rus'
5679:Independent Churches/Communions
4425:Orientalia Christiana Periodica
3973:Michelson, David Allen. (2022).
3514:; Hainthaler, Theresia (2013).
3198:Orientalia Christiana Periodica
2654:
2635:
2560:
2533:
2519:
2371:
2160:
2109:
1350:Middle East Council of Churches
1045:History of Eastern Christianity
952:in particular, and also within
791:(both of them belonging to the
7937:Genocide of Christians by ISIL
7800:Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia
7273:Relations with other religions
6679:Church of the East (Nestorian)
6674:Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite)
5911:MoscowâConstantinople schisms
5381:Assyrian independence movement
5031:Syro-Malankara Catholic Church
4483:"Syriac Christianity in China"
4453:Seleznyov, Nikolai N. (2013).
4436:Seleznyov, Nikolai N. (2010).
4419:Seleznyov, Nikolai N. (2008).
4381:. London-New York: Routledge.
4263:"Syriac Christianity in India"
4075:Montgomery, Robert L. (2002).
3858:Loopstra, Jonathan A. (2019).
3610:The Aramaeans in Ancient Syria
3286:. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale.
2826:; Winkler, Dietmar W. (2003).
2770:Andrade, Nathanael J. (2019).
1749:Syro-Malankara Catholic Church
1479:Syro-Malankara Catholic Church
1180:East-West theological contrast
1023:In English language, the term
758:Syro-Malankara Catholic Church
27:Branch of Eastern Christianity
13:
1:
7681:Ancient Mesopotamian religion
4238:Penn, Michael Philip (2019).
3797:. Piscataway: Gorgias Press.
3558:Hainthaler, Theresia (2019).
3535:Haar Romeny, Bas ter (2012).
3423:. London: Variorum Reprints.
2987:The Cambridge Ancient History
2168:The Eerdmans Bible Dictionary
1869:Church that emerged from the
1635:Syriac gospel miniature from
1627:Churches of Syriac traditions
1562:ancient Mesopotamian religion
1540:-speaking communities of the
1381:Divine Liturgy of Saint James
1368:East-West liturgical contrast
1233:Council of Seleucia-Ctesiphon
1020:, including India and China.
768:of this rite are used by the
734:Divine Liturgy of Saint James
716:(including its offshoot, the
201:Evangelical Church of Romania
8291:Syriac Union Party (Lebanon)
8266:Assyrian Democratic Movement
6061:Essenceâenergies distinction
5882:Christianization of Bulgaria
5487:
4640:Winkler, Dietmar W. (2019).
4504:Taylor, David G. K. (2019).
3818:The Orthodox Christian World
3791:Karim, Cyril Aphrem (2004).
3751:Jobling, William J. (1996).
3707:Hunter, Erica C. D. (2019).
3291:Chaillot, Christine (1998).
3244:Burnett, Stephen G. (2005).
2793:Aufrecht, Walter E. (2001).
2116:John Hardon (25 June 2013).
1965:
1444:Syro-Malabar Catholic Church
1231:as a distinct Church at the
1132:and the anonymous ascetical
881:Names of the Syriac language
730:Syro-Malabar Catholic Church
7:
8276:Assyrian Universal Alliance
7502:Assyrian Church of the East
7477:Assyrian Pentecostal Church
7471:Assyrian Evangelical Church
7394:Terms for Syriac Christians
6980:Views on poverty and wealth
5865:Antiochian Greek Christians
5763:Christianization of Georgia
5758:Christianization of Armenia
5665:Assyrian Church of the East
5398:Terms for Syriac Christians
5215:Shimun VIII Yohannan Sulaqa
5074:Assyrian Church of the East
4972:Assyrian Pentecostal Church
4966:Assyrian Evangelical Church
4936:Assyrian Church of the East
4734:â Translation into English
4703:â Translation into English
3812:Kitchen, Robert A. (2012).
3393:Donabed, Sargon G. (2015).
2853:. London-New York: Tauris.
2718:The lesser eastern churches
2540:Marijke Metselaar-Jongens,
2204:Robinson & Coakley 2013
1932:
1923:Assyrian Pentecostal Church
1819:Assyrian Church of the East
1766:Eastern Protestant Churches
1710:Oriental Orthodox Communion
1568:, with the capital city of
1508:Terms for Syriac Christians
1502:Terms for Syriac Christians
1486:Ignatius Michael III Jarweh
813:Oriental Orthodox Communion
714:Assyrian Church of the East
211:Evangelical Orthodox Church
180:Assyrian Pentecostal Church
175:Assyrian Evangelical Church
170:Armenian Evangelical Church
10:
8370:
8286:Syriac Union Party (Syria)
7508:Ancient Church of the East
7225:World Evangelical Alliance
7187:Traditionalist Catholicism
5915:15thâ16th centuries schism
5839:Oriental Orthodox Churches
5670:Ancient Church of the East
5655:Oriental Orthodox Churches
4942:Ancient Church of the East
4627:Wilmshurst, David (2019).
4541:10.31826/9781463212827-024
4481:Takahashi, Hidemi (2019).
4352:Rompay, Lucas van (2008).
4215:OâMahony, Anthony (2006).
4097:Murre van den Berg, Heleen
3768:Jullien, Florence (2019).
3485:10.31826/jcsss-2009-020104
2847:Baumer, Christoph (2006).
2715:Fortescue, Adrian (1913).
2694:. Routledge. p. 568.
1843:Ancient Church of the East
1505:
1256:Oriental Orthodox Churches
1073:Christianity began in the
1042:
1038:
878:
726:Ancient Church of the East
243:St. Valentine's Fellowship
230:Russian Evangelical Church
8309:
8256:
8127:
7959:
7950:
7863:
7792:
7699:
7640:
7623:
7580:
7521:
7486:
7449:
7438:
7400:
7371:
7360:
7290:
7240:
7220:World Council of Churches
7195:
7113:
6997:
6988:
6943:
6728:
6712:
6707:Latter Day Saint movement
6692:
6652:
6552:
6533:
6479:
6436:
6381:
6287:
6266:
6225:
6193:
6150:
6074:
5978:
5937:
5748:
5729:
5709:
5678:
5660:Eastern Catholic Churches
5640:
5629:
5583:
5494:
5428:
5350:
5283:
5132:
5092:
5071:
5040:
5000:(active 1st centuryâ1601)
4985:
4951:
4926:
4903:
4870:
4847:
4822:
4807:
3927:Menze, Volker L. (2019).
3673:Herman, Geoffrey (2019).
3650:Healey, John F. (2019b).
3627:Healey, John F. (2019a).
3581:Harvey, Susan A. (2019).
3233:Brown, Leslie W. (1956).
2983:"Syriac Culture, 337â425"
2889:10.1017/S0424208400016004
2877:Studies in Church History
2747:Abouzayd, Shafiq (2019).
2740:General and cited sources
2661:Gorelik, Michael (1979).
1852:Eastern Catholic Churches
1794:Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
1784:Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
1757:Trivandrum, Kerala, India
1719:Eastern Catholic Churches
1690:(Indian Orthodox Church,
1388:Qurbana of Addai and Mari
1303:Three-Chapter Controversy
1287:Council of Constantinople
1093:and beyond that into the
740:(including the component
633:writings and traditional
550:Index of related articles
537:Eastern Christian history
247:Ukrainian Lutheran Church
7806:Muslim conquest of Syria
7496:Chaldean Catholic Church
7248:Anti-Christian sentiment
6428:Christian biblical canon
5255:Dionysius of Vattasseril
5119:Believers Eastern Church
4913:Chaldean Catholic Church
4470:Simmons, Ernest (1959).
4375:Ross, Steven K. (2001).
4316:. Leiden-Boston: Brill.
4261:Perczel, IstvĂĄn (2019).
3977:Oxford University Press.
3692:. Leiden-Boston: Brill.
3604:Healey, John F. (2014).
3343:10.1163/187124109X408014
3302:Daryaee, Touraj (2019).
3053:10.31826/hug-2010-020103
1863:Chaldean Catholic Church
1729:Maronite Catholic Church
1706:Thozhiyur, Kerala, India
1580:, was incorporated as a
1572:, was absorbed into the
1172:(325), the first of the
718:Chaldean Catholic Church
322:Eastern Catholic liturgy
259:Eastern liturgical rites
8333:Christianity portal
8296:Syriac Military Council
7895:Massacres of Diyarbekir
7830:Principality of Antioch
7783:ByzantineâSasanian wars
7590:Assyrian folk/pop music
7302:Christianity portal
6461:Investiture Controversy
5897:Eastern Orthodox Church
5851:Saint Thomas Christians
5650:Eastern Orthodox Church
5446:Christianity portal
5200:Mar Sabor and Mar Proth
5107:Mar Thoma Syrian Church
4987:Saint Thomas Christians
4558:Varghese, Baby (2019).
3736:. MĂŒnster: LIT Verlag.
3730:Jakob, Joachim (2014).
3686:Hovorun, Cyril (2008).
2923:. Aldershot: Variorum.
2490:Baum & Winkler 2003
2449:Baum & Winkler 2003
1999:Murre van den Berg 2007
1900:Saint Thomas Christians
1696:Kottayam, Kerala, India
1462:and are now called the
1338:Maphrianate of the East
1260:Patriarchate of Antioch
1081:among Aramaic-speaking
1065:) metropolitan sees in
874:
847:, extended from around
797:Eastern Catholic church
781:Saint Thomas Christians
221:Mar Thoma Syrian Church
8051:Al-Hasakah Governorate
7889:Massacres of Badr Khan
7663:Middle Assyrian Empire
7465:Syriac Catholic Church
7459:Syriac Orthodox Church
7253:Christian universalism
6644:Western Rite Orthodoxy
6489:Protestant Reformation
5696:True Orthodox churches
5691:Spiritual Christianity
5240:Ignatius Andrew Akijan
5225:Gregorios Abdal Jaleel
5083:Chaldean Syrian Church
4857:Syriac Orthodox Church
4838:Syriac Catholic Church
4737:Syriac Catholic Circle
4695:Jacobite Syrian Church
4604:Watt, John W. (2019).
4527:Teule, Herman (2007).
4284:Possekel, Ute (2019).
4029:10.1353/earl.2013.0002
3904:Loosley, Emma (2019).
3881:Loosley, Emma (2010).
3835:Khoury, Widad (2019).
3814:"The Syriac Tradition"
3350:Dickens, Mark (2019).
3325:Debié, Muriel (2009).
3218:. Aldershot: Ashgate.
3013:. Aldershot: Ashgate.
1830:Chaldean Syrian Church
1739:Syriac Catholic Church
1662:Syriac Orthodox Church
1643:
1603:that were part of the
1533:
1448:Chaldean Syrian Church
1430:
1383:
1358:Theodore of Mopsuestia
1346:Coptic Orthodox Church
1291:Theodore of Mopsuestia
1193:
1170:First Council of Nicea
1128:of the slightly older
1070:
1054:
750:Syriac Catholic Church
738:Syriac Orthodox Church
722:Chaldean Syrian Church
139:Independent communions
7919:Independence movement
7675:Post-imperial Assyria
7651:Early Assyrian period
6911:Anointing of the Sick
5719:Eastern Protestantism
5592:that developed since
4663:Wood, Philip (2019).
4101:"Syriac Christianity"
3304:"The Sasanian Empire"
3275:Chabot, Jean-Baptiste
2749:"The Maronite Church"
1642:, Iraq, c. 1216â1220.
1634:
1615:, appeared after the
1532:), early 20th century
1515:
1428:
1375:
1187:
1060:
1052:
1043:Further information:
899:Christianity in Syria
879:Further information:
712:, is the rite of the
694:liturgical traditions
637:are expressed in the
427:Eastern Protestantism
163:Eastern Protestantism
60:Mainstream communions
7595:Music of Mesopotamia
7542:Chaldean Neo-Aramaic
7537:Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
7232:Nondenominationalism
7105:Role in civilization
6572:Independent Catholic
6514:Relations with Islam
6494:Catholic Reformation
5844:Council of Chalcedon
5590:Christian traditions
5577:Eastern Christianity
5371:Assyrian nationalism
5316:Koy Sanjaq Christian
5301:Chaldean Neo-Aramaic
5291:Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
5205:Dionysius bar Salibi
5180:Philoxenus of Mabbug
5033:(West Syriac) (1932)
5027:(East Syriac) (1665)
2384:Vigiliae Christianae
2206:, p. 1, note 1.
2170:. Grand Rapids, MI:
1832:an archbishopric in
1680:Kochi, Kerala, India
1617:Council of Chalcedon
1392:Words of Institution
1329:(person) of Christ.
1250:, and also rejected
1244:Council of Chalcedon
1029:Aramean Christianity
1025:Aramaic Christianity
651:Aramaic Christianity
627:Eastern Christianity
555:Western Christianity
43:Eastern Christianity
8354:Syriac Christianity
7901:Rise of nationalism
7842:Jalayirid Sultanate
7669:Neo-Assyrian Empire
7657:Old Assyrian period
7600:Syriac sacral music
7420:Aramean-Syriac flag
7379:Assyrian continuity
7278:Unlimited atonement
7263:Cultural Christians
6702:Jehovah's Witnesses
6324:Sermon on the Mount
6253:Christian tradition
6180:Lists of Christians
5620:, and parts of the
5420:Syriac sacral music
5275:Baselios Paulose II
5260:Geevarghese Ivanios
5220:Abraham of Angamaly
5025:Syro-Malabar Church
4801:Syriac Christianity
4753:Audio Aramaic-Bible
4706:Syriac Christianity
4606:"Syriac Philosophy"
4068:10.7227/BJRL.10.2.7
3606:"Aramaean Heritage"
3465:Griffith, Sidney H.
3439:Griffith, Sidney H.
3210:Brock, Sebastian P.
3190:Brock, Sebastian P.
3164:Brock, Sebastian P.
3138:Brock, Sebastian P.
3122:Brock, Sebastian P.
3096:Brock, Sebastian P.
3070:Brock, Sebastian P.
3029:Brock, Sebastian P.
3005:Brock, Sebastian P.
2979:Brock, Sebastian P.
2965:Brock, Sebastian P.
2939:Brock, Sebastian P.
2915:Brock, Sebastian P.
2869:Brock, Sebastian P.
2567:Fenwick, John R.K.
2492:, pp. 151â152.
2317:, pp. 625â652.
2305:, pp. 583â624.
2269:, pp. 421â436.
2257:, pp. 157â174.
2245:, pp. 130â132.
2221:, pp. 107â109.
2172:William B. Eerdmans
2145:, pp. 653â697.
2106:, pp. 391â404.
2094:, pp. 783â796.
2082:, pp. 119â133.
1986:, pp. 365â386.
1947:Christianity portal
1909:denominations like
1878:Syro-Malabar Church
1619:'s condemnation of
1496:ecumenical dialogue
1174:ecumenical councils
1110:Dura-Europos church
676:and other parts of
629:of which formative
607:Syriac Christianity
568:Christianity portal
522:Christian mysticism
335:Major controversies
111:Eastern Catholicism
8321:History portal
7763:Church of the East
7552:Bohtan Neo-Aramaic
7389:Chaldean Catholics
7123:Crusading movement
6391:Ante-Nicene period
5817:Church of the East
5787:Ecumenical council
5738:Christ Pantocrator
5594:Early Christianity
5296:Bohtan Neo-Aramaic
5235:Abraham Koorilos I
5165:Severus of Antioch
5098:Eastern Protestant
4957:Eastern Protestant
4885:"Nestorian Church"
4879:Church of the East
4763:2021-10-24 at the
4725:2009-04-11 at the
4712:2009-04-11 at the
3415:Fiey, Jean Maurice
2648:2017-04-28 at the
2596:, p. 189-197.
2480:, p. 281â298.
2439:, p. 377â390.
2414:– via JSTOR.
2341:, p. 433â446.
2157:, p. 708-719.
1907:Eastern Protestant
1812:Church of the East
1780:Anglican Communion
1708:, not part of the
1644:
1609:Church of the East
1589:Council of Ephesus
1534:
1431:
1384:
1354:Diodorus of Tarsus
1334:Church of the East
1311:Seleucia-Ctesiphon
1307:Church of the East
1295:Theodoret of Cyrus
1225:Church of the East
1213:Council of Ephesus
1194:
1151:Curetonian Gospels
1071:
1063:Church of the East
1055:
853:Seleucia-Ctesiphon
805:Anglican Communion
793:Oriental Orthodoxy
720:and the component
670:Early Christianity
623:MĆĄiáž„ÄyĆ«áčŻÄ SuryÄytÄ
619:MĆĄiáž„oyuáčŻo Suryoyto
116:Church of the East
71:Oriental Orthodoxy
8341:
8340:
8252:
8251:
7968:
7946:
7945:
7913:Assyrian genocide
7812:Abbasid Caliphate
7634:
7517:
7516:
7384:Assyrian diaspora
7320:
7319:
7286:
7285:
7214:Charta Oecumenica
6724:
6723:
6714:Iglesia ni Cristo
6529:
6528:
6509:French Revolution
6499:Thirty Years' War
6371:Apostolic fathers
6339:Great Commandment
6110:
6109:
6082:Sign of the cross
5892:Turkic Christians
5727:
5726:
5543:
5542:
5454:
5453:
5376:Assyrian homeland
5364:Assyrian genocide
5140:Ephrem the Syrian
5128:
5127:
5042:Oriental Orthodox
4981:
4980:
4866:
4865:
4849:Oriental Orthodox
4815:Church of Antioch
4045:Mingana, Alphonse
3512:Grillmeier, Aloys
2728:978-1-177-70798-5
2701:978-1-317-81866-3
2451:, pp. 5, 30.
2427:, p. 27, 57.
2353:, pp. 33â43.
2281:, pp. 62â73.
2129:978-0-307-88635-4
2013:, pp. 66â77.
1656:Oriental Orthodox
1516:Celebration at a
1421:Further divisions
1163:Doctrine of Addai
1155:Syriac Sinaiticus
1122:Ephrem the Syrian
1108:The ruins of the
999:to the east, and
824:Upper Mesopotamia
752:, and the Indian
625:) is a branch of
604:
603:
150:Spiritual Russian
107:
80:Orthodox Tewahedo
66:Eastern Orthodoxy
16:(Redirected from
8361:
8331:
8330:
8319:
8318:
8317:
7964:
7957:
7956:
7931:Post-Saddam Iraq
7757:Nestorian schism
7751:Christianization
7723:(132 BCEâ244 CE)
7717:(247 BCEâ224 CE)
7677:(609 BCEâ240 CE)
7638:
7637:
7628:
7488:East Syriac Rite
7451:West Syriac Rite
7447:
7446:
7428:
7417:
7406:
7347:
7340:
7333:
7324:
7323:
7310:
7309:
7300:
7299:
7143:Environmentalism
7093:Church buildings
6995:
6994:
6810:Eastern Orthodox
6805:Eastern Catholic
6717:
6716:
6684:Eastern Catholic
6662:Eastern Orthodox
6550:
6549:
6471:Age of Discovery
6456:EastâWest Schism
6354:Great Commission
6285:
6284:
6137:
6130:
6123:
6114:
6113:
5902:EastâWest Schism
5855:Malankara Church
5772:Byzantine Empire
5740:(circa 1261) in
5735:
5638:
5637:
5570:
5563:
5556:
5547:
5546:
5481:
5474:
5467:
5458:
5457:
5444:
5443:
5331:Syriac Malayalam
5265:Coorilos Paulose
5190:Isaac the Syrian
5017:Eastern Catholic
5013:
5012:
4996:Malankara Church
4905:Eastern Catholic
4901:
4900:
4824:Eastern Catholic
4820:
4819:
4794:
4787:
4780:
4771:
4770:
4733:
4702:
4682:
4669:The Syriac World
4659:
4646:The Syriac World
4636:
4633:The Syriac World
4623:
4610:The Syriac World
4600:
4587:The Syriac World
4577:
4564:The Syriac World
4554:
4523:
4510:The Syriac World
4500:
4487:The Syriac World
4477:
4466:
4449:
4432:
4415:
4402:The Syriac World
4392:
4371:
4348:
4327:
4303:
4290:The Syriac World
4280:
4267:The Syriac World
4257:
4244:The Syriac World
4234:
4211:
4187:
4174:The Syriac World
4164:
4141:
4118:
4092:
4071:
4053:
4040:
4014:
4001:
3970:
3951:Meyendorff, John
3946:
3933:The Syriac World
3923:
3910:The Syriac World
3900:
3877:
3864:The Syriac World
3854:
3841:The Syriac World
3831:
3808:
3787:
3774:The Syriac World
3764:
3747:
3726:
3713:The Syriac World
3703:
3682:
3679:The Syriac World
3669:
3656:The Syriac World
3646:
3623:
3600:
3587:The Syriac World
3577:
3564:The Syriac World
3554:
3531:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3495:. Archived from
3460:
3434:
3410:
3389:
3379:
3369:
3356:The Syriac World
3346:
3321:
3308:The Syriac World
3298:
3287:
3285:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3261:
3250:
3240:
3229:
3205:
3185:
3159:
3133:
3126:Christian Orient
3117:
3091:
3065:
3055:
3037:
3024:
3000:
2974:
2960:
2934:
2910:
2864:
2843:
2819:
2816:The Syriac World
2806:
2789:
2776:The Syriac World
2766:
2753:The Syriac World
2733:
2732:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2658:
2652:
2639:
2633:
2627:
2621:
2615:
2609:
2608:, p. 44-65.
2603:
2597:
2591:
2585:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2564:
2558:
2552:
2546:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2523:
2517:
2511:
2505:
2499:
2493:
2487:
2481:
2475:
2469:
2463:
2452:
2446:
2440:
2434:
2428:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2375:
2369:
2363:
2354:
2348:
2342:
2336:
2330:
2324:
2318:
2312:
2306:
2300:
2294:
2288:
2282:
2276:
2270:
2264:
2258:
2252:
2246:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2222:
2216:
2207:
2201:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2164:
2158:
2152:
2146:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2113:
2107:
2101:
2095:
2089:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2070:, pp. 5â20.
2065:
2059:
2053:
2044:
2038:
2029:
2023:
2014:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1987:
1981:
1949:
1944:
1943:
1886:Synod of Diamper
1867:Eastern Catholic
1856:East Syriac Rite
1804:East Syriac Rite
1723:West Syriac Rite
1648:West Syriac Rite
1597:Byzantine Empire
1559:
1551:
973:Aramaic-speaking
832:Aramaic of Jesus
766:Protestant forms
702:West Syriac Rite
698:East Syriac Rite
655:Aramaic language
639:Classical Syriac
616:
615:ÜĄÜ«ÜÜÜÜÜŹÜ ÜŁÜÜȘÜÜÜŹÜ
596:
589:
582:
482:Antiochian Greek
128:
73:
53:
30:
29:
21:
18:Syriac Christian
8369:
8368:
8364:
8363:
8362:
8360:
8359:
8358:
8344:
8343:
8342:
8337:
8325:
8315:
8313:
8305:
8248:
8123:
8100:Mardin Province
7963:
7942:
7925:Simele massacre
7859:
7788:
7753:(1st to 3rd c.)
7735:(64 BCEâ637 CE)
7729:(66 BCEâ217 CE)
7715:Parthian Empire
7709:Seleucid Empire
7701:
7695:
7691:Assyrian tribes
7659:(2025â1364 BCE)
7653:(2600â2025 BCE)
7632:
7630:
7627:
7619:
7576:
7529:
7513:
7482:
7441:
7434:
7433:
7429:
7423:
7422:
7418:
7412:
7411:
7407:
7398:
7367:
7356:
7354:Assyrian people
7351:
7321:
7316:
7294:
7282:
7236:
7191:
7109:
6990:
6984:
6939:
6864:One true church
6720:
6688:
6648:
6537:
6525:
6475:
6432:
6377:
6304:in Christianity
6290:
6276:
6270:
6262:
6221:
6197:
6189:
6146:
6141:
6111:
6106:
6070:
6001:Filioque clause
5974:
5933:
5860:Arab Christians
5782:Proto-orthodoxy
5744:
5736:
5723:
5705:
5674:
5632:
5625:
5579:
5574:
5544:
5539:
5538:
5536:
5490:
5485:
5455:
5450:
5438:
5432:* Defunct with
5424:
5358:Assyrian people
5346:
5279:
5160:Jacob of Serugh
5155:Jacob Baradaeus
5124:
5088:
5067:
5036:
5001:
4999:
4992:
4990:
4977:
4947:
4922:
4888:
4882:
4875:
4862:
4843:
4832:Maronite Church
4812:
4803:
4798:
4765:Wayback Machine
4731:
4727:Wayback Machine
4714:Wayback Machine
4700:
4690:
4685:
4679:
4656:
4620:
4597:
4574:
4551:
4520:
4497:
4448:(3â4): 165â190.
4412:
4389:
4368:
4345:
4324:
4308:Quispel, Gilles
4300:
4277:
4254:
4231:
4208:
4184:
4161:
4138:
4115:
4089:
4051:
4012:
3998:
3967:
3943:
3920:
3897:
3874:
3851:
3828:
3805:
3784:
3744:
3723:
3700:
3666:
3643:
3620:
3597:
3574:
3551:
3528:
3502:
3500:
3457:
3431:
3407:
3377:
3366:
3337:(1â3): 93â114.
3318:
3283:
3265:
3263:
3259:
3248:
3226:
3182:
3156:
3114:
3088:
3035:
3021:
2997:
2957:
2931:
2899:
2861:
2840:
2786:
2763:
2742:
2737:
2736:
2729:
2713:
2709:
2702:
2686:
2682:
2675:
2659:
2655:
2650:Wayback Machine
2640:
2636:
2628:
2624:
2616:
2612:
2604:
2600:
2592:
2588:
2580:
2576:
2565:
2561:
2553:
2549:
2538:
2534:
2525:
2524:
2520:
2512:
2508:
2500:
2496:
2488:
2484:
2476:
2472:
2466:Meyendorff 1989
2464:
2455:
2447:
2443:
2437:Hainthaler 2019
2435:
2431:
2425:Montgomery 2002
2423:
2419:
2396:10.2307/1584359
2376:
2372:
2364:
2357:
2349:
2345:
2337:
2333:
2325:
2321:
2313:
2309:
2301:
2297:
2289:
2285:
2277:
2273:
2265:
2261:
2253:
2249:
2241:
2237:
2229:
2225:
2217:
2210:
2202:
2198:
2192:Montgomery 2002
2190:
2186:
2165:
2161:
2153:
2149:
2141:
2137:
2130:
2114:
2110:
2102:
2098:
2090:
2086:
2078:
2074:
2066:
2062:
2054:
2047:
2039:
2032:
2024:
2017:
2009:
2005:
1997:
1990:
1982:
1973:
1968:
1955:Assyrian people
1945:
1938:
1935:
1743:Beirut, Lebanon
1733:Bkerké, Lebanon
1666:Damascus, Syria
1629:
1613:Jacobite Church
1605:Sasanian Empire
1578:Parthian Empire
1518:Syriac Orthodox
1510:
1504:
1466:and those, the
1435:Catholic Church
1423:
1396:Antiochene Rite
1390:, in which the
1370:
1315:Babai the Great
1280:Jacob Baradaeus
1229:Sasanian Empire
1206:Pneumatological
1182:
1099:Sasanian Empire
1095:Parthian Empire
1087:Semitic peoples
1047:
1041:
1009:Eastern Aramaic
975:communities in
969:Western Aramaic
965:Assyrian people
961:Eastern Aramaic
954:Aramaic studies
915:sociolinguistic
883:
877:
851:in the west to
845:Sasanian Empire
801:Catholic Church
746:Maronite Church
600:
560:
559:
546:
516:
508:
507:
506:
476:
468:
467:
466:
441:
433:
432:
431:
336:
328:
327:
326:
260:
252:
251:
165:
155:
154:
140:
132:
131:
118:
61:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8367:
8357:
8356:
8339:
8338:
8336:
8335:
8323:
8310:
8307:
8306:
8304:
8303:
8298:
8293:
8288:
8283:
8278:
8273:
8268:
8262:
8260:
8254:
8253:
8250:
8249:
8247:
8246:
8241:
8240:
8239:
8229:
8227:United Kingdom
8224:
8219:
8214:
8209:
8204:
8199:
8194:
8189:
8184:
8179:
8174:
8169:
8164:
8159:
8154:
8149:
8144:
8139:
8133:
8131:
8125:
8124:
8122:
8121:
8120:
8119:
8118:
8117:
8112:
8107:
8097:
8092:
8087:
8077:
8076:
8075:
8070:
8069:
8068:
8063:
8058:
8043:
8042:
8041:
8036:
8031:
8021:
8020:
8019:
8014:
8009:
8004:
8003:
8002:
7997:
7992:
7987:
7980:Nineveh Plains
7971:
7969:
7954:
7948:
7947:
7944:
7943:
7941:
7940:
7934:
7928:
7922:
7916:
7910:
7907:Adana massacre
7904:
7898:
7892:
7886:
7883:Schism of 1552
7880:
7877:Ottoman Empire
7874:
7871:Safavid Empire
7867:
7865:
7861:
7860:
7858:
7857:
7851:
7845:
7839:
7833:
7827:
7821:
7818:Emirs of Mosul
7815:
7809:
7803:
7796:
7794:
7790:
7789:
7787:
7786:
7780:
7774:
7760:
7754:
7748:
7742:
7736:
7730:
7724:
7718:
7712:
7705:
7703:
7697:
7696:
7694:
7693:
7688:
7683:
7678:
7672:
7666:
7665:(1363â912 BCE)
7660:
7654:
7647:
7645:
7635:
7621:
7620:
7618:
7617:
7612:
7607:
7602:
7597:
7592:
7586:
7584:
7578:
7577:
7575:
7574:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7539:
7533:
7531:
7519:
7518:
7515:
7514:
7512:
7511:
7505:
7499:
7492:
7490:
7484:
7483:
7481:
7480:
7474:
7468:
7462:
7455:
7453:
7444:
7436:
7435:
7401:
7399:
7397:
7396:
7391:
7386:
7381:
7375:
7373:
7369:
7368:
7361:
7358:
7357:
7350:
7349:
7342:
7335:
7327:
7318:
7317:
7315:
7314:
7304:
7291:
7288:
7287:
7284:
7283:
7281:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7250:
7244:
7242:
7238:
7237:
7235:
7234:
7229:
7228:
7227:
7222:
7217:
7205:
7199:
7197:
7193:
7192:
7190:
7189:
7184:
7179:
7174:
7169:
7160:
7155:
7153:Fundamentalism
7150:
7148:Existentialism
7145:
7140:
7135:
7130:
7125:
7119:
7117:
7111:
7110:
7108:
7107:
7102:
7101:
7100:
7090:
7085:
7080:
7075:
7070:
7065:
7060:
7059:
7058:
7048:
7047:
7046:
7041:
7039:God the Father
7036:
7031:
7026:
7016:
7015:
7014:
7003:
7001:
6992:
6986:
6985:
6983:
6982:
6977:
6972:
6971:
6970:
6960:
6955:
6949:
6947:
6941:
6940:
6938:
6937:
6936:
6935:
6925:
6920:
6919:
6918:
6913:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6888:
6878:
6877:
6876:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6859:Body of Christ
6856:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6835:
6834:
6824:
6819:
6818:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6777:
6772:
6767:
6762:
6761:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6734:
6732:
6726:
6725:
6722:
6721:
6719:
6718:
6709:
6704:
6698:
6696:
6694:Restorationist
6690:
6689:
6687:
6686:
6681:
6676:
6671:
6670:
6669:
6658:
6656:
6650:
6649:
6647:
6646:
6641:
6640:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6558:
6556:
6547:
6531:
6530:
6527:
6526:
6524:
6523:
6522:
6521:
6511:
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6485:
6483:
6477:
6476:
6474:
6473:
6468:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6442:
6440:
6434:
6433:
6431:
6430:
6425:
6420:
6419:
6418:
6413:
6403:
6398:
6396:Late antiquity
6393:
6387:
6385:
6379:
6378:
6376:
6375:
6374:
6373:
6366:Church fathers
6363:
6358:
6357:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6295:
6293:
6282:
6264:
6263:
6261:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6229:
6227:
6223:
6222:
6220:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6203:
6201:
6191:
6190:
6188:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6151:
6148:
6147:
6140:
6139:
6132:
6125:
6117:
6108:
6107:
6105:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6087:Divine Liturgy
6084:
6078:
6076:
6072:
6071:
6069:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5982:
5980:
5976:
5975:
5973:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5941:
5939:
5935:
5934:
5932:
5931:
5930:
5929:
5928:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5909:
5904:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5878:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5857:
5848:
5847:
5846:
5836:
5835:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5814:
5813:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5765:
5760:
5754:
5752:
5746:
5745:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5724:
5722:
5721:
5715:
5713:
5707:
5706:
5704:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5682:
5680:
5676:
5675:
5673:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5646:
5644:
5635:
5627:
5626:
5602:Eastern Europe
5584:
5581:
5580:
5573:
5572:
5565:
5558:
5550:
5541:
5540:
5496:
5495:
5492:
5491:
5488:Syriac history
5484:
5483:
5476:
5469:
5461:
5452:
5451:
5449:
5448:
5436:
5434:schism of 1552
5429:
5426:
5425:
5423:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5411:
5410:
5405:
5395:
5394:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5373:
5368:
5367:
5366:
5354:
5352:
5348:
5347:
5345:
5344:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5287:
5285:
5281:
5280:
5278:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5245:Cyril VI Tanas
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5185:Thomas of Cana
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5136:
5134:
5130:
5129:
5126:
5125:
5123:
5122:
5116:
5110:
5103:
5101:
5090:
5089:
5087:
5086:
5079:
5077:
5069:
5068:
5066:
5065:
5059:
5053:
5046:
5044:
5038:
5037:
5035:
5034:
5028:
5021:
5019:
5010:
4983:
4982:
4979:
4978:
4976:
4975:
4969:
4962:
4960:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4945:
4939:
4932:
4930:
4924:
4923:
4921:
4920:
4909:
4907:
4898:
4868:
4867:
4864:
4863:
4861:
4860:
4853:
4851:
4845:
4844:
4842:
4841:
4835:
4828:
4826:
4817:
4805:
4804:
4797:
4796:
4789:
4782:
4774:
4768:
4767:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4729:
4698:
4689:
4688:External links
4686:
4684:
4683:
4677:
4660:
4654:
4637:
4624:
4618:
4601:
4595:
4578:
4572:
4555:
4549:
4524:
4518:
4501:
4495:
4478:
4467:
4450:
4433:
4416:
4410:
4393:
4387:
4372:
4366:
4349:
4343:
4328:
4322:
4304:
4298:
4281:
4275:
4258:
4252:
4235:
4229:
4212:
4206:
4192:Nichols, Aidan
4188:
4182:
4165:
4159:
4142:
4136:
4119:
4113:
4093:
4087:
4072:
4062:(2): 435â514.
4041:
4006:Millar, Fergus
4002:
3996:
3982:Millar, Fergus
3978:
3971:
3965:
3947:
3941:
3924:
3918:
3901:
3895:
3878:
3872:
3855:
3849:
3832:
3826:
3809:
3803:
3788:
3782:
3765:
3748:
3742:
3727:
3721:
3704:
3698:
3683:
3670:
3664:
3647:
3641:
3624:
3618:
3601:
3595:
3578:
3572:
3555:
3549:
3532:
3526:
3508:
3461:
3455:
3435:
3429:
3411:
3405:
3390:
3370:
3364:
3347:
3322:
3316:
3299:
3288:
3271:
3241:
3230:
3224:
3206:
3186:
3180:
3160:
3154:
3134:
3118:
3112:
3092:
3086:
3066:
3025:
3019:
3001:
2995:
2975:
2961:
2955:
2935:
2929:
2911:
2897:
2865:
2859:
2844:
2838:
2820:
2807:
2790:
2784:
2767:
2761:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2727:
2707:
2700:
2680:
2674:978-0859674706
2673:
2653:
2634:
2622:
2610:
2598:
2586:
2574:
2559:
2557:, p. 466.
2547:
2532:
2518:
2516:, p. 137.
2506:
2494:
2482:
2470:
2453:
2441:
2429:
2417:
2370:
2368:, p. 362.
2355:
2343:
2331:
2329:, p. 391.
2319:
2315:Takahashi 2019
2307:
2295:
2293:, p. 366.
2283:
2271:
2259:
2247:
2235:
2233:, p. 511.
2223:
2208:
2196:
2184:
2159:
2147:
2135:
2128:
2108:
2096:
2084:
2072:
2060:
2045:
2043:, p. 149.
2030:
2015:
2003:
2001:, p. 249.
1988:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1934:
1931:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1874:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1787:
1776:full communion
1762:
1761:
1760:
1746:
1736:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1699:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1637:Zengid dynasty
1628:
1625:
1582:Roman province
1506:Main article:
1503:
1500:
1475:full communion
1422:
1419:
1369:
1366:
1313:. Presided by
1299:Ibas of Edessa
1202:Christological
1181:
1178:
1161:Bible and the
1126:Demonstrations
1097:and the later
1040:
1037:
950:Syriac studies
911:Indian English
876:
873:
686:Early Medieval
682:Late Antiquity
602:
601:
599:
598:
591:
584:
576:
573:
572:
571:
570:
562:
561:
558:
557:
552:
545:
544:
539:
534:
532:Divine Liturgy
529:
524:
518:
517:
514:
513:
510:
509:
505:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
478:
477:
474:
473:
470:
469:
465:
464:
459:
454:
449:
443:
442:
439:
438:
435:
434:
430:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
377:Three Chapters
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
338:
337:
334:
333:
330:
329:
325:
324:
319:
318:
317:
307:
302:
297:
296:
295:
290:
280:
279:
278:
273:
262:
261:
258:
257:
254:
253:
250:
249:
244:
241:
236:
231:
228:
223:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
193:
190:
187:
182:
177:
172:
166:
161:
160:
157:
156:
153:
152:
147:
141:
138:
137:
134:
133:
130:
129:
113:
108:
68:
62:
59:
58:
55:
54:
46:
45:
39:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8366:
8355:
8352:
8351:
8349:
8334:
8329:
8324:
8322:
8312:
8311:
8308:
8302:
8299:
8297:
8294:
8292:
8289:
8287:
8284:
8282:
8279:
8277:
8274:
8272:
8269:
8267:
8264:
8263:
8261:
8259:
8255:
8245:
8242:
8238:
8235:
8234:
8233:
8232:United States
8230:
8228:
8225:
8223:
8220:
8218:
8215:
8213:
8210:
8208:
8205:
8203:
8200:
8198:
8195:
8193:
8190:
8188:
8185:
8183:
8180:
8178:
8175:
8173:
8170:
8168:
8165:
8163:
8160:
8158:
8155:
8153:
8150:
8148:
8145:
8143:
8140:
8138:
8135:
8134:
8132:
8130:
8126:
8116:
8113:
8111:
8108:
8106:
8103:
8102:
8101:
8098:
8096:
8093:
8091:
8088:
8086:
8083:
8082:
8081:
8078:
8074:
8071:
8067:
8064:
8062:
8059:
8057:
8054:
8053:
8052:
8049:
8048:
8047:
8044:
8040:
8037:
8035:
8032:
8030:
8027:
8026:
8025:
8022:
8018:
8015:
8013:
8010:
8008:
8005:
8001:
7998:
7996:
7993:
7991:
7988:
7986:
7983:
7982:
7981:
7978:
7977:
7976:
7973:
7972:
7970:
7967:
7962:
7958:
7955:
7953:
7949:
7938:
7935:
7932:
7929:
7926:
7923:
7920:
7917:
7914:
7911:
7908:
7905:
7902:
7899:
7896:
7893:
7890:
7887:
7884:
7881:
7878:
7875:
7872:
7869:
7868:
7866:
7862:
7855:
7852:
7849:
7846:
7843:
7840:
7837:
7834:
7831:
7828:
7825:
7824:Buyid amirate
7822:
7819:
7816:
7813:
7810:
7807:
7804:
7801:
7798:
7797:
7795:
7791:
7784:
7781:
7778:
7775:
7772:
7768:
7764:
7761:
7758:
7755:
7752:
7749:
7746:
7745:Roman Assyria
7743:
7740:
7737:
7734:
7731:
7728:
7725:
7722:
7719:
7716:
7713:
7710:
7707:
7706:
7704:
7698:
7692:
7689:
7687:
7684:
7682:
7679:
7676:
7673:
7671:(911â609 BCE)
7670:
7667:
7664:
7661:
7658:
7655:
7652:
7649:
7648:
7646:
7644:
7639:
7636:
7626:
7622:
7616:
7613:
7611:
7608:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7598:
7596:
7593:
7591:
7588:
7587:
7585:
7583:
7579:
7573:
7572:Syriac script
7570:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7555:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7543:
7540:
7538:
7535:
7534:
7532:
7528:
7524:
7520:
7509:
7506:
7503:
7500:
7497:
7494:
7493:
7491:
7489:
7485:
7478:
7475:
7472:
7469:
7466:
7463:
7460:
7457:
7456:
7454:
7452:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7437:
7432:
7431:Chaldean flag
7427:
7421:
7416:
7410:
7409:Assyrian flag
7405:
7395:
7392:
7390:
7387:
7385:
7382:
7380:
7377:
7376:
7374:
7370:
7365:
7359:
7355:
7348:
7343:
7341:
7336:
7334:
7329:
7328:
7325:
7313:
7305:
7303:
7298:
7293:
7292:
7289:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7245:
7243:
7239:
7233:
7230:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7215:
7211:
7210:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7200:
7198:
7194:
7188:
7185:
7183:
7180:
7178:
7175:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7120:
7118:
7116:
7112:
7106:
7103:
7099:
7096:
7095:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7088:Popular piety
7086:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7057:
7054:
7053:
7052:
7049:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7021:
7020:
7017:
7013:
7010:
7009:
7008:
7005:
7004:
7002:
7000:
6996:
6993:
6987:
6981:
6978:
6976:
6973:
6969:
6966:
6965:
6964:
6961:
6959:
6956:
6954:
6951:
6950:
6948:
6946:
6942:
6934:
6931:
6930:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6909:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6883:
6882:
6879:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6869:People of God
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6851:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6833:
6830:
6829:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6797:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6744:
6741:
6740:
6739:
6736:
6735:
6733:
6731:
6727:
6715:
6710:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6699:
6697:
6695:
6691:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6668:
6665:
6664:
6663:
6660:
6659:
6657:
6655:
6651:
6645:
6642:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6579:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6559:
6557:
6555:
6551:
6548:
6545:
6541:
6536:
6535:Denominations
6532:
6520:
6517:
6516:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6504:Enlightenment
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6486:
6484:
6482:
6478:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6443:
6441:
6439:
6435:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6408:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6388:
6386:
6384:
6380:
6372:
6369:
6368:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6301:
6300:
6297:
6296:
6294:
6292:
6286:
6283:
6280:
6274:
6269:
6265:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6230:
6228:
6224:
6218:
6217:New Testament
6215:
6213:
6212:Old Testament
6210:
6208:
6205:
6204:
6202:
6200:
6196:
6192:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6152:
6149:
6145:
6138:
6133:
6131:
6126:
6124:
6119:
6118:
6115:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6079:
6077:
6073:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5983:
5981:
5977:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5955:New Testament
5953:
5951:
5950:Old Testament
5948:
5946:
5943:
5942:
5940:
5936:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5912:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5899:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5862:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5852:
5849:
5845:
5842:
5841:
5840:
5837:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5819:
5818:
5815:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5792:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5755:
5753:
5751:
5747:
5743:
5739:
5734:
5720:
5717:
5716:
5714:
5712:
5711:Protestantism
5708:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5686:Old Believers
5684:
5683:
5681:
5677:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5647:
5645:
5643:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5628:
5623:
5619:
5615:
5611:
5607:
5603:
5599:
5595:
5591:
5587:
5586:Cultural area
5582:
5578:
5571:
5566:
5564:
5559:
5557:
5552:
5551:
5548:
5493:
5489:
5482:
5477:
5475:
5470:
5468:
5463:
5462:
5459:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5435:
5431:
5430:
5427:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5409:
5408:Phoenicianism
5406:
5404:
5401:
5400:
5399:
5396:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5378:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5365:
5362:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5355:
5353:
5349:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5288:
5286:
5282:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5131:
5120:
5117:
5114:
5111:
5108:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5095:
5091:
5084:
5081:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5070:
5063:
5060:
5057:
5054:
5051:
5048:
5047:
5045:
5043:
5039:
5032:
5029:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5018:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5005:
4998:
4997:
4988:
4984:
4973:
4970:
4967:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4954:
4950:
4943:
4940:
4937:
4934:
4933:
4931:
4929:
4925:
4918:
4914:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4906:
4902:
4899:
4896:
4892:
4886:
4881:
4880:
4873:
4869:
4858:
4855:
4854:
4852:
4850:
4846:
4839:
4836:
4833:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4825:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4810:
4806:
4802:
4795:
4790:
4788:
4783:
4781:
4776:
4775:
4772:
4766:
4762:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4738:
4730:
4728:
4724:
4721:
4720:
4715:
4711:
4708:
4707:
4699:
4697:
4696:
4692:
4691:
4680:
4678:9781138899018
4674:
4670:
4666:
4661:
4657:
4655:9781138899018
4651:
4647:
4643:
4638:
4634:
4630:
4625:
4621:
4619:9781138899018
4615:
4611:
4607:
4602:
4598:
4596:9781138899018
4592:
4588:
4584:
4579:
4575:
4573:9781138899018
4569:
4565:
4561:
4556:
4552:
4550:9781463212827
4546:
4542:
4538:
4534:
4530:
4525:
4521:
4519:9781138899018
4515:
4511:
4507:
4502:
4498:
4496:9781138899018
4492:
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4484:
4479:
4475:
4474:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4456:
4451:
4447:
4443:
4439:
4434:
4431:(1): 115â131.
4430:
4426:
4422:
4417:
4413:
4411:9781138899018
4407:
4403:
4399:
4394:
4390:
4388:9781134660636
4384:
4380:
4379:
4373:
4369:
4367:9780199271566
4363:
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4355:
4350:
4346:
4344:9780199687176
4340:
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4335:
4329:
4325:
4323:9789047441823
4319:
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4309:
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4301:
4299:9781138899018
4295:
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4272:
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4264:
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4253:9781138899018
4249:
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4232:
4230:9780521811132
4226:
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4209:
4207:9781586172824
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4183:9781138899018
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4160:9789042930469
4156:
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4137:9783447057875
4133:
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4120:
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4114:9780470766392
4110:
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4090:
4088:9780275973612
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3999:
3997:9780520253919
3993:
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3968:
3966:9780881410563
3962:
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3938:
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3919:9781138899018
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3892:
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3850:9781138899018
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3827:9781136314841
3823:
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3804:9781593332303
3800:
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3783:9781138899018
3779:
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3743:9783643506160
3739:
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3695:
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3665:9781138899018
3661:
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3644:
3642:9783161577192
3638:
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3621:
3619:9789004229433
3615:
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3596:9781138899018
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3573:9781138899018
3569:
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3556:
3552:
3550:9781317001362
3546:
3542:
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3533:
3529:
3527:9780199212880
3523:
3519:
3518:
3513:
3509:
3499:on 2019-09-10
3498:
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3458:
3456:9780813205960
3452:
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3430:9780860780519
3426:
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3408:
3406:9780748686056
3402:
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3371:
3367:
3365:9781138899018
3361:
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3332:
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3317:9781138899018
3313:
3309:
3305:
3300:
3296:
3295:
3289:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3272:
3262:on 2021-08-27
3258:
3254:
3247:
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3238:
3237:
3231:
3227:
3225:9780754659082
3221:
3217:
3216:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3181:9781901764239
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3155:9780521460835
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3113:9780815330714
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3087:9780815330714
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3020:9780860788003
3016:
3012:
3011:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2996:9780521302005
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2971:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2930:9780860783053
2926:
2922:
2921:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2898:9780631180609
2894:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2860:9781845111151
2856:
2852:
2851:
2845:
2841:
2839:9781134430192
2835:
2831:
2830:
2825:
2824:Baum, Wilhelm
2821:
2817:
2813:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2791:
2787:
2785:9781138899018
2781:
2777:
2773:
2768:
2764:
2762:9781138899018
2758:
2754:
2750:
2745:
2744:
2730:
2724:
2720:
2719:
2711:
2703:
2697:
2693:
2692:
2684:
2676:
2670:
2666:
2665:
2657:
2651:
2647:
2644:
2641:T.V. Philip,
2638:
2632:, p. 49.
2631:
2626:
2620:, p. 18.
2619:
2614:
2607:
2602:
2595:
2590:
2583:
2582:Chaillot 1998
2578:
2570:
2563:
2556:
2551:
2545:
2543:
2536:
2528:
2522:
2515:
2510:
2504:, p. 58.
2503:
2498:
2491:
2486:
2479:
2474:
2467:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2450:
2445:
2438:
2433:
2426:
2421:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2374:
2367:
2362:
2360:
2352:
2347:
2340:
2335:
2328:
2323:
2316:
2311:
2304:
2299:
2292:
2287:
2280:
2275:
2268:
2263:
2256:
2251:
2244:
2239:
2232:
2231:OâMahony 2006
2227:
2220:
2215:
2213:
2205:
2200:
2194:, p. 27.
2193:
2188:
2181:
2180:0-8028-2402-1
2177:
2173:
2169:
2163:
2156:
2151:
2144:
2139:
2131:
2125:
2121:
2120:
2112:
2105:
2104:Varghese 2019
2100:
2093:
2088:
2081:
2076:
2069:
2064:
2058:, p. 80.
2057:
2052:
2050:
2042:
2041:Aufrecht 2001
2037:
2035:
2028:, p. 13.
2027:
2022:
2020:
2012:
2007:
2000:
1995:
1993:
1985:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1971:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1942:
1937:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1844:
1840:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1795:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1754:
1753:Catholicosate
1750:
1747:
1744:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1693:
1692:Catholicosate
1689:
1686:
1681:
1677:
1676:Catholicosate
1673:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1658:
1657:
1653:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1641:
1638:
1633:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1585:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1555:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1531:
1527:
1526:Ottoman Syria
1523:
1520:monastery in
1519:
1514:
1509:
1499:
1497:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1439:
1436:
1427:
1418:
1416:
1411:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1248:Monophysitism
1245:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1200:issues, both
1199:
1191:
1186:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1135:Book of Steps
1131:
1127:
1123:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1068:
1064:
1061:East Syriac (
1059:
1051:
1046:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
957:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
918:
916:
912:
908:
907:self-identify
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
882:
872:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
816:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
777:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
690:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
658:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
612:
608:
597:
592:
590:
585:
583:
578:
577:
575:
574:
569:
566:
565:
564:
563:
556:
553:
551:
548:
547:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
519:
512:
511:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
479:
472:
471:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
444:
437:
436:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
387:Monothelitism
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
372:Caesaropapism
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
352:Monophysitism
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
339:
332:
331:
323:
320:
316:
313:
312:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
294:
291:
289:
286:
285:
284:
281:
277:
274:
272:
269:
268:
267:
264:
263:
256:
255:
248:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
167:
164:
159:
158:
151:
148:
146:
145:Old Believers
143:
142:
136:
135:
126:
122:
117:
114:
112:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
72:
69:
67:
64:
63:
57:
56:
52:
48:
47:
44:
41:
40:
36:
32:
31:
19:
7848:Qara Qoyunlu
7750:
7711:(312â63 BCE)
7442:Christianity
7439:
7212:
7007:Architecture
6901:Confirmation
6849:Ecclesiology
6780:Original sin
6770:Nicene Creed
6567:Old Catholic
6451:Papal States
6383:Great Church
6349:Resurrection
6291:Christianity
6248:New Covenant
6199:(Scriptures)
6144:Christianity
6016:Nestorianism
6011:Dyophysitism
6006:Miaphysitism
5996:Apophaticism
5960:Deuterocanon
5805:Paulicianism
5795:Nestorianism
5768:Roman Empire
5742:Hagia Sophia
5737:
5343:(Liturgical)
5250:Elias Mellus
5210:Bar Hebraeus
5170:Paul the Jew
4994:
4884:
4877:
4811:, legacy of
4800:
4736:
4718:
4705:
4694:
4668:
4645:
4632:
4609:
4586:
4563:
4532:
4509:
4486:
4472:
4462:
4458:
4445:
4441:
4428:
4424:
4401:
4377:
4357:
4333:
4312:
4289:
4266:
4243:
4220:
4196:
4173:
4150:
4127:
4104:
4077:
4059:
4055:
4023:(1): 43â92.
4020:
4016:
3986:
3974:
3955:
3932:
3909:
3886:
3863:
3840:
3817:
3793:
3773:
3760:
3756:
3732:
3712:
3688:
3678:
3655:
3632:
3609:
3586:
3563:
3540:
3516:
3501:. Retrieved
3497:the original
3476:
3472:
3446:
3419:
3395:
3385:
3381:
3355:
3334:
3330:
3307:
3293:
3279:
3264:. Retrieved
3257:the original
3252:
3235:
3214:
3201:
3197:
3171:
3145:
3129:
3125:
3103:
3077:
3043:
3039:
3009:
2986:
2969:
2946:
2919:
2880:
2876:
2849:
2828:
2815:
2802:
2798:
2775:
2752:
2717:
2710:
2690:
2683:
2663:
2656:
2637:
2625:
2618:Donabed 2015
2613:
2601:
2589:
2577:
2562:
2555:Mingana 1926
2550:
2541:
2535:
2521:
2514:Nichols 2010
2509:
2497:
2485:
2473:
2444:
2432:
2420:
2390:(1): 72â93.
2387:
2383:
2373:
2351:Daryaee 2019
2346:
2339:Healey 2019a
2334:
2322:
2310:
2303:Dickens 2019
2298:
2286:
2279:Jobling 1996
2274:
2267:Burnett 2005
2262:
2255:Andrade 2019
2250:
2243:Winkler 2019
2238:
2226:
2199:
2187:
2167:
2162:
2150:
2143:Perczel 2019
2138:
2118:
2111:
2099:
2087:
2080:Winkler 2019
2075:
2063:
2056:Quispel 2008
2026:Simmons 1959
2011:Kitchen 2012
2006:
1904:
1893:
1870:
1850:
1822:
1810:
1802:
1801:
1764:
1717:
1654:
1646:
1645:
1621:Miaphysitism
1593:Nestorianism
1586:
1574:Roman Empire
1535:
1493:
1490:
1483:
1472:
1452:
1440:
1432:
1412:
1400:
1385:
1377:Holy Qurbana
1331:
1322:
1309:was held in
1285:In 553, the
1284:
1272:Monophysites
1264:Chalcedonian
1252:Dyoprosopism
1242:In 451, the
1241:
1221:Nestorianism
1211:In 431, the
1210:
1195:
1167:
1140:
1133:
1125:
1118:
1107:
1101:, including
1091:Roman Empire
1072:
1028:
1024:
1022:
958:
956:in general.
945:
941:
919:
884:
841:Roman Empire
817:
778:
691:
659:
650:
641:language, a
622:
618:
606:
605:
515:Other topics
461:
412:Paulicianism
397:Dyothelitism
382:Monoenergism
362:Dyophysitism
357:Miaphysitism
347:Nestorianism
8207:New Zealand
8202:Netherlands
7966:Settlements
7879:(1555â1917)
7856:(1453â1501)
7850:(1375â1468)
7844:(1335â1432)
7838:(1258â1335)
7832:(1098â1268)
7793:Middle ages
7733:Roman Syria
7727:Syrian Wars
7364:Middle East
7268:Persecution
7203:Christendom
7196:Cooperation
7133:Charismatic
7044:Holy Spirit
6953:Natural law
6916:Holy orders
6765:Christology
6758:Holy Spirit
6627:Pentecostal
6607:Evangelical
6602:Charismatic
6446:Monasticism
6438:Middle Ages
6401:Constantine
6344:Crucifixion
6226:Foundations
6092:Iconography
6066:Metousiosis
5925:2018 schism
5920:1996 schism
5618:South India
5610:East Africa
5598:Middle East
5270:Thoma Darmo
5133:Key figures
5072:Nestorian (
4874:, legacy of
4872:East Syriac
4809:West Syriac
4732:(In French)
4701:(In French)
3046:(1): 5â25.
2606:Brock 2004b
2594:Brock 1999e
2502:Brock 2004b
2478:Brock 1999d
2366:Brock 2004a
2327:Healey 2014
2291:Rompay 2008
2219:Millar 2006
2092:Hunter 2019
1984:Rompay 2008
1919:Evangelical
1823:Shimun line
1782:, based in
1755:, based in
1694:, based in
1678:, based in
1601:Mesopotamia
1587:In 431 the
1536:Indigenous
1460:autocephaly
1198:theological
1143:Diatessaron
1103:Mesopotamia
865:Phoenicians
807:), and the
660:Along with
645:of the old
631:theological
542:Monasticism
527:Christology
392:Dyoenergism
310:East Syriac
288:West Syriac
266:Alexandrian
8090:Diyarbakır
8061:Tell Tamer
8056:Al-Hasakah
7952:By country
7864:Modern era
7854:Aq Qoyunlu
7826:(945â1055)
7820:(905â1383)
7814:(750â1258)
7629:(including
7605:Folk dance
7182:Prosperity
7158:Liberation
7098:Cathedrals
7083:Pilgrimage
7068:Literature
6945:Philosophy
6881:Sacraments
6854:Four marks
6815:Protestant
6790:Born again
6587:Anabaptist
6577:Protestant
6519:Influences
6481:Modern era
6185:By country
6102:Omophorion
6097:Asceticism
6051:Hypostasis
6036:Philokalia
5965:Septuagint
5938:Scriptures
5875:Ghassanids
5810:Bogomilism
5800:Iconoclasm
5701:Tolstoyans
5642:Communions
5614:Asia Minor
5195:John Maron
5094:Protestant
4953:Protestant
4465:: 382â398.
3503:2020-12-02
3266:2020-12-07
3132:: 189â197.
2956:0814323618
2805:: 145â155.
2155:Brock 1998
2068:Brock 2005
1927:Protestant
1792:(based in
1237:Catholicos
938:linguonyms
922:convention
885:In modern
728:, and the
440:Traditions
417:Bogomilism
402:Iconoclasm
283:Antiochene
8281:Dawronoye
8212:Palestine
8142:Australia
8115:Tur Abdin
7995:Tel Keppe
7915:(1914â20)
7903:(19th c.)
7885:(16th c.)
7873:(1508â55)
7836:Ilkhanate
7785:(502â628)
7779:(226â651)
7777:Asoristan
7747:(116â118)
7702:antiquity
7700:Classical
7633:contexts)
7530:languages
7258:Criticism
7208:Ecumenism
7172:Mysticism
7138:Democracy
7128:Anarchism
7115:Movements
7078:Mythology
7056:Catechism
7051:Education
6968:Evolution
6891:Eucharist
6874:Canon law
6832:Theotokos
6827:Mariology
6785:Salvation
6775:Tradition
6622:Methodist
6582:Adventist
6416:Chalcedon
6046:Theotokos
5986:Hesychasm
5791:Heresies
5633:divisions
5284:Languages
5150:Nestorius
4991:legacy of
4928:Nestorian
4194:(2010) .
4037:170436440
3493:212688584
3417:(1979) .
3388:: 69â111.
3166:(2004b).
3140:(2004a).
3098:(1999d).
3072:(1999c).
3062:212688898
3031:(1999b).
3007:(1999a).
2907:163971637
2630:Ross 2001
2404:0042-6032
2174:. p. 72.
1966:Citations
1871:Elia line
1778:with the
1591:declared
1542:Near East
1407:Timothy I
1403:Trisagion
1362:Nestorius
1342:heretical
1276:Jacobites
1217:Nestorius
1079:Jerusalem
1075:Near East
1014:Near East
1001:Phoenicia
997:Palmyrene
981:Palestine
930:ethnonyms
926:endonymic
895:polysemic
857:Assyrians
674:Near East
643:variation
635:liturgies
502:Maronites
422:Hesychasm
367:Henotikon
305:Byzantine
293:Malankara
84:Ethiopian
8348:Category
8258:Politics
8129:Diaspora
8110:MazıdaÄı
8066:Qamishli
8039:Sanandaj
8012:Shaqlawa
8000:Bartella
7985:Qaraqosh
7961:Homeland
7759:(5th c.)
7741:(15â116)
7739:Adiabene
7686:Arameans
7641:Ancient
7615:Clothing
7557:Hertevin
7372:Identity
7312:Category
7177:Pacifism
6991:features
6975:Politics
6928:Ablution
6896:Marriage
6800:Catholic
6730:Theology
6637:Reformed
6617:Lutheran
6612:Holiness
6592:Anglican
6562:Catholic
6466:Crusades
6411:Nicaea I
6361:Apostles
6334:Miracles
6329:Parables
6319:Ministry
6309:Nativity
6273:timeline
6170:Prophets
6165:Glossary
6031:Phronema
5979:Theology
5970:Peshitta
5622:Far East
5403:Arameans
5360:/Syriac
5351:See also
5311:Hertevin
5306:Garshuni
5145:Aphrahat
4761:Archived
4723:Archived
4710:Archived
4310:(2008).
4099:(2007).
4047:(1926).
4008:(2013).
3984:(2006).
3953:(1989).
3763:: 62â73.
3479:: 5â20.
3467:(2002).
3441:(1986).
3277:(1902).
3212:(2006).
3192:(2005).
2981:(1998).
2967:(1997).
2941:(1992).
2917:(1992).
2883:: 1â19.
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1190:medieval
1159:Peshitta
1153:and the
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1033:Arameans
934:demonyms
861:Arameans
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700:and the
684:and the
492:Assyrian
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