47:
722:
1181:
by the public in a manner so strange, as to justify a reference to it, in proof of the uneducated condition of the general mind. I do not object to table-moving, for itself; for being once stated, it becomes a fit, though a very unpromising subject for experiment; but I am opposed to the unwillingness of its advocates to investigate; their boldness to assert; the credulity of the lockers-on; their desire that the reserved and cautious objector should be in error; and I wish, by calling attention to these things, to make the general want of mental discipline and education manifest.
1039:. New York: Putnam. p. 47 "If neither the feet nor the hands of the sitters could be employed, the knees could apparently have been used without much risk, and Thury clearly could not watch both the upper and under surfaces simultaneously. On the whole, though the experiments were conducted with care and a laudable desire not to exaggerate the importance of the facts observed, the experimenters do not appear to have sufficiently realised the possibilities of fraud; and their results add little evidence for action of a psychic, or, as Thury has preferred to name it, ectenic force."
832:
table at all, and in the event that the sitter opposite the medium did press on the table, to permit the table to tip far enough away from him so that he could get the toe of one foot under the table leg. He would then immediately put pressure on his side, and, holding the table between his hands and his toe, move it about at will. By this method a small table can be made to float two feet off the floor... Another method was to catch the under side of the table top with the knee; and still another was merely to kick the table into the air.
793:
785:
931:
1208:"What a weak credulous, superstitious, ridiculous world ours is, as far as concerns the mind of man. How full of inconsistencies, contradictions, and absurdities it is." Those are not the words of some commentator bemoaning the lack of current critical thinking, although they well could be. They were uttered in 1853 by Michael Faraday, one of the greatest scientists who ever lived.
627:, place their hands on it, and wait for rotations. The table was purportedly made to serve as a means of communicating with the spirits; the alphabet would be slowly spoken aloud and the table would tilt at the appropriate letter, thus spelling out words and sentences. The process is similar to that of a
1180:
Perhaps it may be said, the delusion of table-moving is past, and need not be recalled before an audience like the present ;—even granting this, let us endeavour to make the subject leave one useful result; let it serve for an example, not to pass into forgetfulness. It is so recent, and was received
831:
The multiplicity of methods used to tip and raise tables in a séance is almost as great as the number of mediums performing the feat. One of the simplest was to slide the hands back until one or both of the medium's thumbs could catch hold of the table top. Another way was to exert no pressure on the
647:
first reached Europe from
America in the winter of 1852–1853, the most popular method of consulting the spirits was for several persons to sit round a table, with their hands resting on it, and wait for the table to move. If the experiment was successful, the table would rotate with
668:. Their conclusion rested on the supposed elimination of all known physical causes for the movements; but it is doubtful from the description of the experiments whether the precautions taken were sufficient to exclude unconscious muscular action (the
764:
fastened to the apparatus. When by this means it was made clear to the experimenters that it was the fingers which moved the table, the phenomena generally ceased. After this experimental approach, Faraday criticized the believers of table-turning.
754:
devised a simple apparatus which conclusively demonstrated that the movements he investigated were due to unconscious muscular action. The apparatus consisted of two small boards, with glass rollers between them, the whole fastened together by
663:
conducted a careful series of experiments. They claimed to have demonstrated that the movements of the table were due to a physical force emanating from the bodies of the sitters, for which they proposed the name
815:
described a method that involved a pin driven into the table and the use of a ring with a slot on the medium's finger. Once the pin entered the slot, the table could be lifted. Another example comes from
759:
bands in such a manner that the upper board could slide under lateral pressure to a limited extent over the lower one. The occurrence of such lateral movement was at once indicated by means of an upright
1228:
872:
1312:
On the Other Side of the
Footlights: An Expose of Routines, Apparatus and Deceptions Resorted to by Mediums, Clairvoyants, Fortune Tellers and Crystal Gazers in Deluding the Public
320:
1395:
315:
1053:, Ph.D. Dissertation, School of History and Philosophy of Science, Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences, University of New South Wales, January 2013.
946:
1914:
1193:
375:
310:
740:
and others pointed out that the phenomena could depend upon the expectation of the sitters, and could be stopped altogether by appropriate
656:
955:
1301:
713:
that some communications were caused by an outside intelligence, as the message contained information that was not known to the group.
1229:
An encyclopedia of claims, frauds, and hoaxes of the occult and supernatural: decidedly sceptical definitions of alternative realities
1924:
1388:
1708:
1939:
1237:
1144:
1019:
994:
591:
325:
1161:
1381:
46:
20:
1894:
1693:
365:
2130:
1282:
644:
1919:
675:
In
England, table-turning became a fashionable diversion and was practised all over the country in the year 1853.
350:
1048:
1343:
1553:
1101:
2185:
1909:
1447:
803:
Apart from the ideomotor effect, conscious fraudulent table tipping has also been uncovered. Professional
721:
2281:
2271:
2246:
1487:
1319:
1310:
1010:
748:
explained that the purported magical movement was due to involuntary and unconscious muscular reactions.
263:
143:
2135:
2095:
1985:
1270:
1136:
824:
820:, who used custom-made boots with soles that extended beyond the boots' edges in order to lift tables.
737:
2060:
1160:
1011:
The
Skeptic's Dictionary: A Collection of Strange Beliefs, Amusing Deceptions, and Dangerous Delusions
1929:
1713:
1688:
1256:
1034:
1079:
1063:
745:
651:
Whilst most spiritualists ascribed the table movements to the agency of spirits, two investigators,
1128:
584:
233:
703:
clergymen alleged that the spirits who caused the movements were of a diabolic nature. In France,
2266:
2195:
1955:
1528:
1404:
1083:
473:
415:
153:
2125:
1934:
1773:
1738:
1618:
1573:
1437:
498:
440:
268:
138:
103:
1167:
1107:
2256:
2085:
1990:
1768:
1763:
1678:
1648:
1598:
1472:
1432:
1351:
808:
733:
478:
410:
390:
208:
193:
1853:
1335:
936:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
2100:
2000:
1833:
1818:
1633:
1005:
493:
488:
435:
173:
648:
considerable rapidity and would occasionally rise in the air, or perform other movements.
8:
2251:
2175:
1965:
1960:
1899:
1703:
1698:
1422:
1408:
1297:
709:
577:
543:
385:
30:
2276:
1100:
2261:
2215:
2050:
1843:
1793:
1758:
1603:
1477:
1361:
900:
850:
769:
683:. The general public were content to find the explanation of the movements in spirits,
652:
253:
203:
2220:
2150:
2120:
2010:
1863:
1783:
1753:
1663:
1658:
1588:
1543:
1482:
1467:
1427:
1278:
1233:
1140:
1015:
990:
904:
892:
817:
624:
548:
258:
123:
78:
68:
2165:
2115:
2020:
1904:
1798:
1628:
884:
796:
684:
669:
632:
483:
380:
370:
2225:
2155:
2090:
2055:
2040:
1848:
1808:
1748:
1723:
1583:
1156:
1096:
811:
have exposed many of the methods utilized by mediums to tip tables. The magician
751:
725:
425:
228:
163:
98:
1563:
133:
2200:
2190:
2140:
2105:
2080:
2045:
2035:
2025:
2005:
1823:
1593:
1548:
1518:
1252:
812:
792:
700:
676:
513:
508:
445:
403:
248:
243:
108:
631:
board. Scientists and skeptics consider table-turning to be the result of the
2240:
2160:
2110:
2075:
2070:
2015:
1975:
1828:
1788:
1778:
1733:
1613:
1568:
1558:
1533:
1442:
1373:
1030:
982:
950:
942:
937:
896:
728:
apparatus for experimental demonstration of ideomotor effect on table-turning
665:
538:
450:
238:
218:
168:
118:
2205:
2030:
1995:
1980:
1970:
1878:
1838:
1813:
1743:
1728:
1643:
1608:
1578:
1538:
1513:
1462:
756:
704:
563:
553:
533:
528:
468:
345:
278:
213:
93:
1166:
1106:
2180:
2170:
2145:
1873:
1868:
1683:
1638:
1623:
1523:
1223:
804:
696:
558:
283:
1367:
959:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 337.
768:
Faraday's work was followed up a century later by clinical psychologist
2210:
2065:
1803:
1718:
1668:
1452:
1175:
1133:
Extraordinary
Beliefs: A Historical Approach to a Psychological Problem
1115:
776:
video recording to observe experimental subjects in complete darkness.
741:
688:
518:
338:
273:
178:
128:
83:
38:
784:
1858:
1673:
1653:
692:
680:
288:
113:
73:
1457:
620:
52:
888:
773:
761:
523:
430:
355:
158:
148:
503:
298:
223:
183:
788:
Table lifting trick involving the use of a pin and slotted ring.
1497:
660:
420:
188:
88:
1194:"The Right Chemistry: Turning the tables on the table turners"
1174:. London: Taylor & Francis. pp. 463–492 – via
1114:. London: Taylor & Francis. pp. 382–391 – via
628:
198:
873:"Mind the Gap: Spiritualism and the Infrastructural Uncanny"
799:
revealing a fraudulent hidden hook method for table-turning.
360:
1051:
James Braid: Surgeon, Gentleman
Scientist, and Hypnotist
987:
Anomalistic
Psychology: A Study of Magical Thinking
2238:
1169:Experimental Researches in Chemistry and Physics
1109:Experimental Researches in Chemistry and Physics
1403:
679:and his followers attributed the phenomena to
1915:National Spiritualist Association of Churches
1389:
1218:
1216:
585:
989:. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. p. 110.
871:Geoghegan, Bernard Dionysius (2016-06-01).
1396:
1382:
1315:. Berlin, WI: Heaney Magic. pp. 80–81
1258:Spirit Slate Writing and Kindred Phenomena
1213:
699:, or even the rotation of the earth. Some
592:
578:
45:
1925:Spiritualist Association of Great Britain
1352:"Modern practical guide to table tilting"
870:
1303:The Fashionable Science of Parlour Magic
924:
922:
920:
918:
916:
914:
791:
783:
720:
707:studied the phenomenon and concluded in
1155:
1095:
941:
716:
2239:
1324:. J. W. Arrowsmith Ltd. pp. 27–29
1940:International Spiritualist Federation
1377:
1222:
911:
376:Prizes for evidence of the paranormal
1895:List of Spiritualist organizations
1162:"Lecture on mental education"
623:in which participants sit around a
13:
1291:
1232:. New York: St. Martin's Griffin.
366:James Randi Educational Foundation
14:
2293:
1328:
1014:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 172.
971:Occult and Supernatural Phenomena
929:
1264:
1261:. Munn & Company. pp. 71–72
1246:
1186:
1149:
1122:
1089:
1073:
351:Committee for Skeptical Inquiry
1344:Society for Psychical Research
1277:. C. Scribner's Sons. p. 107.
1057:
1042:
1024:
999:
976:
963:
864:
843:
1:
1920:Spiritualists' National Union
1036:Studies in Psychical Research
836:
305:Reportedly haunted locations:
1910:London Spiritualist Alliance
1318:F. Attfield Fawkes. (1920).
973:. Dover Publications. p. 137
672:) or even deliberate fraud.
635:, or of conscious trickery.
7:
985:; Jones, Warren H. (1989).
779:
736:, the English physiologist
144:Electronic voice phenomenon
10:
2298:
1137:Cambridge University Press
638:
18:
1948:
1930:Spiritual church movement
1887:
1506:
1415:
969:Rawcliffe, D. H. (1987).
852:L'Illustration 1853-05-14
772:who pioneered the use of
1368:Museum of Talking Boards
1309:Willis Dutcher. (1922).
1306:. London. pp. 85–87
416:Apparitional experiences
2196:C. E. Bechhofer Roberts
2061:Carlos MarĂa de Heredia
1275:Beware Familiar Spirits
956:Encyclopædia Britannica
474:Argument from ignorance
441:Out-of-body experiences
154:Extrasensory perception
55:in 19th century France.
2126:Charles Arthur Mercier
1935:Arthur Findlay College
1774:William Stainton Moses
1739:Gladys Osborne Leonard
1080:Michel Eugène Chevreul
1064:Michel Eugène Chevreul
834:
800:
789:
746:Michel Eugène Chevreul
729:
499:Communal reinforcement
2086:Stanley LeFevre Krebs
1991:Milbourne Christopher
1900:Spiritualist churches
1769:Lorin Morgan-Richards
1764:William Usborne Moore
1433:Cross-Correspondences
1360:based on the work of
1102:"Table-turning"
829:
795:
787:
732:The Scottish surgeon
724:
643:When the movement of
479:Argumentum ad populum
411:Anomalous experiences
391:Scientific skepticism
209:Paranormal television
2101:John Nevil Maskelyne
2001:Edmund Smith Conklin
1321:Spiritualism Exposed
717:Scientific reception
494:Cognitive dissonance
489:Begging the question
436:Ideomotor phenomenon
19:For other uses, see
2176:Julien J. Proskauer
1966:George Miller Beard
1961:John Henry Anderson
1699:Daniel Dunglas Home
1416:History and beliefs
1298:John Henry Anderson
1006:Robert Todd Carroll
710:The Book on Mediums
544:Scientific evidence
386:Scientific literacy
2282:Tables (furniture)
2272:History of science
2247:1852 introductions
2216:Ivor Lloyd Tuckett
2051:William A. Hammond
1854:Stanisława Tomczyk
1844:Emanuel Swedenborg
1794:Ethel Post-Parrish
1759:Francis Ward Monck
1604:Arthur Conan Doyle
1478:Spirit photography
1370:(official website)
1362:Kenneth Batcheldor
1084:André-Marie Ampère
801:
790:
770:Kenneth Batcheldor
730:
254:Spirit photography
204:Paranormal fiction
124:Demonic possession
21:Turning the Tables
2234:
2233:
2221:Lyttelton Winslow
2186:Donovan Rawcliffe
2151:E. Clephan Palmer
2121:Georgess McHargue
2011:Stuart Cumberland
1986:William Carpenter
1905:Spiritist centres
1864:George Valiantine
1784:Eusapia Palladino
1754:Carmine Mirabelli
1714:Swami Laura Horos
1664:Kathleen Goligher
1589:Geraldine Cummins
1544:Stephen E. Braude
1483:Spirit possession
1468:Spiritual healing
1428:Automatic writing
1239:978-0-312-15119-5
1145:978-1-107-01933-1
1070:”, 1854 (article)
1020:978-0-471-27242-7
995:978-0-805-80507-9
818:Eusapia Palladino
653:Count de Gasparin
602:
601:
549:Scientific method
259:Spirit possession
69:Astral projection
2289:
2166:Massimo Polidoro
2116:Henry C. McComas
2021:Joseph Dunninger
1799:James Van Praagh
1689:Gordon Higginson
1629:William Eglinton
1473:Spirit obsession
1398:
1391:
1384:
1375:
1374:
1359:
1347:
1340:Psi Encyclopedia
1285:
1271:Mulholland, John
1268:
1262:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1220:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1204:
1198:Montreal Gazette
1190:
1184:
1183:
1173:
1164:
1157:Faraday, Michael
1153:
1147:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1113:
1104:
1097:Faraday, Michael
1093:
1087:
1077:
1071:
1061:
1055:
1046:
1040:
1028:
1022:
1003:
997:
980:
974:
967:
961:
960:
935:
933:
932:
926:
909:
908:
877:Critical Inquiry
868:
862:
861:
860:
859:
847:
797:Joseph Dunninger
685:animal magnetism
670:ideomotor effect
633:ideomotor effect
594:
587:
580:
484:Bandwagon effect
381:Pseudoskepticism
371:Magical thinking
51:A table-turning
49:
26:
25:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2226:Richard Wiseman
2156:Ronald Pearsall
2136:John Mulholland
2091:Rose Mackenberg
2056:C. E. M. Hansel
2041:G. Stanley Hall
1944:
1883:
1849:Rosina Thompson
1809:Estelle Roberts
1749:Heinrich Melzer
1724:James H. Hyslop
1694:Richard Hodgson
1584:William Crookes
1502:
1448:Materialization
1411:
1402:
1350:
1336:"Table-turning"
1334:
1331:
1294:
1292:Further reading
1289:
1288:
1269:
1265:
1253:Soo, Chung Ling
1251:
1247:
1240:
1221:
1214:
1202:
1200:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1154:
1150:
1127:
1123:
1094:
1090:
1078:
1074:
1062:
1058:
1047:
1043:
1029:
1025:
1004:
1000:
981:
977:
968:
964:
930:
928:
927:
912:
869:
865:
857:
855:
849:
848:
844:
839:
825:John Mulholland
782:
752:Michael Faraday
738:W. B. Carpenter
719:
657:Professor Thury
641:
619:) is a type of
607:(also known as
598:
569:
568:
464:
456:
455:
426:False awakening
406:
396:
395:
341:
331:
330:
229:Psychic reading
164:Fortune-telling
99:Close encounter
64:
56:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2295:
2285:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2267:Parapsychology
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2201:Chung Ling Soo
2198:
2193:
2191:Joseph F. Rinn
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2141:Fulton Oursler
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2106:Henry Maudsley
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2081:Joseph Jastrow
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2046:Trevor H. Hall
2043:
2038:
2036:Martin Gardner
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2006:Millais Culpin
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1976:Lionel Branson
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1824:Rudi Schneider
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1704:Elizabeth Hope
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1659:Eileen Garrett
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1554:Rosemary Brown
1551:
1549:William Breeze
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1529:Charles Bailey
1526:
1521:
1519:Rosemary Altea
1516:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1412:
1401:
1400:
1393:
1386:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1365:
1348:
1330:
1329:External links
1327:
1326:
1325:
1316:
1307:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1263:
1245:
1238:
1212:
1185:
1148:
1121:
1088:
1072:
1068:De la baguette
1056:
1049:Yeates, L.B.,
1041:
1031:Podmore, Frank
1023:
998:
983:Zusne, Leonard
975:
962:
951:Chisholm, Hugh
943:Podmore, Frank
910:
889:10.1086/686945
883:(4): 899–922.
863:
841:
840:
838:
835:
813:Chung Ling Soo
781:
778:
718:
715:
677:John Elliotson
640:
637:
600:
599:
597:
596:
589:
582:
574:
571:
570:
567:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
514:Fringe science
511:
509:Falsifiability
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
465:
462:
461:
458:
457:
454:
453:
448:
446:Parapsychology
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
407:
404:Parapsychology
402:
401:
398:
397:
394:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
342:
337:
336:
333:
332:
329:
328:
323:
318:
316:United Kingdom
313:
302:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
251:
249:Retrocognition
246:
244:Remote viewing
241:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
156:
151:
146:
141:
136:
131:
126:
121:
116:
111:
109:Crystal gazing
106:
101:
96:
91:
89:Breatharianism
86:
81:
76:
71:
65:
62:
61:
58:
57:
50:
42:
41:
35:
34:
16:Type of séance
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2294:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2161:Frank Podmore
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2111:Joseph McCabe
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2076:Harry Houdini
2074:
2072:
2071:Terence Hines
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2016:Eric Dingwall
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1888:Organizations
1886:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1829:Maria Silbert
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1789:Leonora Piper
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1779:Einer Nielsen
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1734:Franek Kluski
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1619:Harry Edwards
1617:
1615:
1614:Eddy Brothers
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1574:Florence Cook
1572:
1570:
1569:Doris Collins
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1559:Sylvia Browne
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1534:Bangs Sisters
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1507:Spiritualists
1505:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1493:Table-turning
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1463:Spirit guides
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1443:Faith healing
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1399:
1394:
1392:
1387:
1385:
1380:
1379:
1376:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1332:
1323:
1322:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1284:
1283:0-684-16181-8
1280:
1276:
1272:
1267:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1241:
1235:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1219:
1217:
1209:
1199:
1195:
1189:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1170:
1163:
1158:
1152:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1129:Lamont, Peter
1125:
1117:
1112:
1110:
1103:
1098:
1092:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1054:
1052:
1045:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1002:
996:
992:
988:
984:
979:
972:
966:
958:
957:
952:
948:
947:Table-turning
944:
939:
938:public domain
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
915:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
867:
854:
853:
846:
842:
833:
828:
826:
823:According to
821:
819:
814:
810:
806:
798:
794:
786:
777:
775:
771:
766:
763:
758:
753:
749:
747:
743:
739:
735:
727:
723:
714:
712:
711:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
673:
671:
667:
666:ectenic force
662:
658:
654:
649:
646:
636:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
617:table-tilting
614:
613:table-tipping
610:
609:table-tapping
606:
605:Table-turning
595:
590:
588:
583:
581:
576:
575:
573:
572:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
539:Pseudoscience
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
466:
460:
459:
452:
451:Synchronicity
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
408:
405:
400:
399:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
343:
340:
335:
334:
327:
324:
322:
321:United States
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
308:
307:
306:
300:
297:
295:
294:Table-turning
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
239:Reincarnation
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
219:Preternatural
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
169:Ghost hunting
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:
127:
125:
122:
120:
119:Cryptozoology
117:
115:
112:
110:
107:
105:
102:
100:
97:
95:
92:
90:
87:
85:
82:
80:
77:
75:
72:
70:
67:
66:
63:Main articles
60:
59:
54:
48:
44:
43:
40:
37:
36:
32:
28:
27:
22:
2257:Spiritualism
2206:Gordon Stein
2031:Chris French
1996:Edward Clodd
1981:Derren Brown
1971:Ruth Brandon
1956:David Abbott
1879:Chico Xavier
1839:Doris Stokes
1814:Jane Roberts
1744:Oliver Lodge
1729:Allan Kardec
1709:William Hope
1644:Leslie Flint
1609:Helen Duncan
1599:Frank Decker
1594:Pearl Curran
1579:Mina Crandon
1564:Eva Carrière
1539:Ada Besinnet
1514:Derek Acorah
1492:
1488:Spirit world
1405:Spiritualism
1355:
1339:
1320:
1311:
1302:
1274:
1266:
1257:
1248:
1227:
1224:Randi, James
1207:
1201:. Retrieved
1197:
1188:
1179:
1168:
1151:
1132:
1124:
1108:
1091:
1082:, letter to
1075:
1067:
1059:
1050:
1044:
1035:
1026:
1009:
1001:
986:
978:
970:
965:
954:
880:
876:
866:
856:, retrieved
851:
845:
830:
822:
802:
767:
757:india-rubber
750:
731:
708:
705:Allan Kardec
674:
650:
645:spiritualism
642:
616:
612:
608:
604:
603:
564:Urban legend
554:Superstition
534:Protoscience
529:Junk science
469:Anomalistics
346:Cold reading
304:
303:
293:
279:Supernatural
269:Spiritualism
264:Spirit world
214:Precognition
134:Doppelgänger
94:Clairvoyance
2181:James Randi
2171:Harry Price
2146:Joe Nickell
2131:Albert Moll
2096:David Marks
2026:Henry Evans
1874:Etta Wriedt
1869:Jack Webber
1834:Henry Slade
1819:William Roy
1684:Alec Harris
1679:Robert Hare
1649:Arthur Ford
1639:Fox sisters
1634:Colin Evans
1624:John Edward
1524:Dan Aykroyd
734:James Braid
701:Evangelical
697:electricity
559:Uncertainty
284:Telekinesis
234:Psychometry
114:Conjuration
2252:Paranormal
2241:Categories
2211:Amy Tanner
2066:Carl Hertz
1804:Bert Reese
1719:Cecil Husk
1669:Rita Goold
1453:Mediumship
1300:. (1855).
1273:. (1938).
1255:. (1898).
1203:2020-08-13
1176:Wikisource
1139:. p. 129.
1131:. (2013).
1116:Wikisource
1033:. (1897).
1008:. (2003).
858:2020-02-29
837:References
742:suggestion
689:Odic force
519:Groupthink
339:Skepticism
274:Stone Tape
179:Mediumship
129:Demonology
84:Bilocation
39:Paranormal
2262:Spiritism
1859:Ena Twigg
1674:Jan Guzyk
1654:Colin Fry
1438:Ectoplasm
1409:spiritism
945:(1911). "
905:163534340
897:0093-1896
805:magicians
726:Faraday's
693:galvanism
681:mesmerism
356:Debunking
289:Telepathy
139:Ectoplasm
104:Cold spot
74:Astrology
1949:Skeptics
1226:(1995).
1159:(1859).
1099:(1859).
809:skeptics
780:Trickery
774:infrared
762:haystalk
524:Hypnosis
431:Hypnosis
159:Forteana
149:Exorcism
31:a series
29:Part of
2277:SĂ©ances
953:(ed.).
940::
639:History
504:Fallacy
463:Related
299:Ufology
224:Psychic
184:Miracle
1498:Theism
1458:SĂ©ance
1423:Apport
1281:
1236:
1171:
1143:
1111:
1086:, 1833
1018:
993:
949:". In
934:
903:
895:
661:Geneva
621:séance
421:Empath
189:Occult
53:séance
33:on the
1356:ASSAP
901:S2CID
629:Ouija
625:table
326:World
311:India
199:Ouija
174:Magic
1407:and
1279:ISBN
1234:ISBN
1141:ISBN
1016:ISBN
991:ISBN
893:ISSN
807:and
655:and
361:Hoax
79:Aura
1066:, “
885:doi
659:of
615:or
194:Orb
2243::
1354:.
1342:.
1338:.
1215:^
1206:.
1196:.
1178:.
1165:.
1135:.
1105:.
913:^
899:.
891:.
881:42
879:.
875:.
827::
744:.
695:,
691:,
687:,
611:,
1397:e
1390:t
1383:v
1364:.
1358:.
1346:.
1242:.
1118:.
907:.
887::
593:e
586:t
579:v
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)