Tafsir - Knowledge

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sciences reject should be interpreted in a way that conforms with the science; as for those things which the science is silent about, like the resurrection etc., they should be brought within the purview of the laws of matter; the pillars upon which the divine religious laws are based—like revelation, angel, Satan, prophethood, apostleship, Imamah (Imamate) etc.—are spiritual things, and the spirit is a development of the matter. As for the Quran itself, one should not explain it in the light of the old philosophy and theories, because they were not based on observations and tests—they were just a sort of mental exercise which has been totally discredited now by the modern science. Found by Ghazali and built upon by Razi, it is one of today's most abundant way of

2852: 2817:, which may be considered simply as bringing happiness to a person in this life and the hereafter. That way, any interpretation that threatens to compromise the preservation of religion, life, lineage, intellect or property may be discarded or ruled otherwise in order to secure these goals. Further, the socio-cultural environment may also taken into consideration. This includes understanding and interpreting the Quran while taking into account the cultural and social environment to which it has been revealed; or according to the scholars' own time. Often than not, the distinction can be made between the ' 2760:, as they constitute the basis of understanding and interpretation. Arabic has a systematic way of shaping words so one can know the meaning by knowing the root and the form the word was coined from. If any word can be given a meaning that is compatible with the rules of grammar, Quranic text can be interpreted that way. In terms of historical resources, scholars may choose to interpret verses according to external factors, including their historical context and their place of revelation. Historical context ( 6829: 3339: 1415: 2952:, and an emphasis on the unity of believers and a unified understanding of Islam. Other features may include, attempts to proof the rationality of the Quranic worldview, compatibility with modern sciences, liberalism, literary criticism, and making the message of the Quran emotional relevant for the believer. Although such modern approaches became a standard only late, their ideas were much earlier present in the Islamicate world. 6818: 1115: 2937:) uses a similar hermeneutic. Unlike ibn Kathir, his work is one of a few completely devoid of any personal comments. Yet, following the approach of ibn Taimiyya, he is selective about the inclusion of hadiths. However, contrarily to ibn Taimiyya and ibn Kathir, his tafsir is without any personal comment. Further, despite using a similar methodology to ibn Taimiyya and ibn Kathir, he includes a wider range of 2995:, aims to decodifies the Quran to understand its impact on the first audience. Accordingly, the focus is not about historical or scientific truths, but about conveying a message through the means of the Quran. Similarly, according to yet another trend, the Quran should not only be understood as for the first Muslims, but also executed as the first Muslims did. Famous adherences to this approach include 514: 2705:

says (something) concerning the Qur'ân without knowledge, he has taken his seat of fire". However, this hadith can alternatively be interpreted to refer to the importance of first properly studying and learning the Quran before attempting to teach or preach it to others. Accordingly, the method of independent reasoning (

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It is an interpretation of the Quran which includes attribution of esoteric or mystic meanings to the text by the interpreter. In this respect, its method is different from the conventional exegesis. Esoteric interpretations do not usually contradict the conventional (in this context called exoteric)

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is the inclusion of the opinions of the commentator, thus forming the more objective view on Quranic verses. The relative paucity of traditional sources is also a practical reason why the scope of the methodology is augmented. This is considered sanctioned by the Quran itself, as written in the surah

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If nothing is found in the Quran or the Hadīth, the commentator has recourse to what the Ṣaḥābah reported about various verses. These are generally considered above personal opinion, because these people grew up with everyday interaction with Muhammad, and had often asked about the meanings of verses

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of Muhammad to interpret the Quran. In this approach the most important external aids used are the collected oral traditions upon which Muslim scholars based Islamic history and law. Authority of this method is considered established by the statement made in the Quran that Muhammad is responsible for

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or Tafsir al-Ahkam, derives legal rulings and principles from the Quran. Its practice was common in both the classical and modern periods. There is a dispute over the number of verses that contain jurisprudential guidance, with numbers ranging from 5 to 200 being reported. Works of legal tafsir were

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works in Sunni Islam. This work provides exegetical material for the whole Quran, also contains conflicting information, which Tabari tries either to harmonize or argues in support of the one he feels more correct. Further he includes different readings, which according to him, both might be correct

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and the text of the Quran are two resources which can be used as foundational reference in ascertaining the meaning and signification of the remaining literal and figurative diction of the Quran and its style of expression. Using Arabic poetry for defining words is a long used practice, and very few

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method is agreed upon by all scholars, and is the most used method throughout history, partly because other methods have been criticized. Criticism of non-riwaya method is mostly based on two grounds; for one, Muhammad has condemned those who interpret the Quran from their own point of view, and for

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proficiency in the Arabic language rhetoric (Ilm-ulm-Balagha) is required to understand the syntax and grammar of the Quran. Scholars must know the nuances, expressions, and figurative language which appears in the Quran. The science of understanding the language is called Ilm-ul-Balagha (science of

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was selective and concise regarding its coverage, and only certain words, phrases and verses were explained. The Quran was still not fully interpreted, and commentaries were not separated from the hadith collection nor written separately, mainly due to other occupations such as the collection of the

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to his companions, usually explaining their meanings to teach them, as it was one of Muhammad's responsibilities. Elements of Muhammad's explanations including clarifying verses whose intents are not understood, the indication of names, places, times etc. which have not been mentioned in the verse,

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This method is not interpretation by mere opinion however, but rather opinions must be based on the main sources. Performing Quranic interpretation using solely one's own opinion is believed to be prohibited by some Muslims. This is based on an authenticated hadith of Muhammad which states "He who

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The most authoritative source of the interpretation is the Quran itself. Interpretation of the Quran employing other Quranic reference is very common because of the close interrelatedness of the verses of the Quran with one another. The Quranic verses explain and interpret one another, which leads

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Scholars deeply influenced by the natural and social sciences followed the materialists of Europe or the pragmatists. Under the influence of those secular theories, they declared that the religion's realities cannot go against scientific knowledge. What the religion claims to exist, but which the

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from Muhammad which states that the Quran has an inner meaning, and that this inner meaning conceals a yet deeper inner meaning, and so on (up to seven levels of meaning), has sometimes been used in support of this view. Islamic opinion imposes strict limitations on esoteric interpretations

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sect. But Muhammad and the imams gave importance to its exterior as much as to its interior; they were as much concerned with its revelation as they were with its interpretation. These are generally not independently written, however, they are found in the books of Sufis.

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along with transmitted sources, scholars also can use reason to interpret the Quran. The reason applied must stay within Islamic principles. Personal opinion (ra'y) must be kept within bounds. Any reason applied must be supported by other Islamic texts or have scholarly

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A newer work which incorporates and quotes the work of a multitude of previous scholars and analyzes the relevant Arabic root words (based on all available classic Arabic meanings), and references all relevant passages of the Quran, was done by Abdul Mannan Omar.

3920: 2304:, or sayings, actions, and approvals of the prophet Muhammad serve as a secondary source for a tafsir. The prophet's explanations of the Quran serve as an authoritative weight and scholars agree that interpretations should not contradict the Sunnah. 2549:

many to believe that it has the highest level of authenticity. Many verses or words in the Quran are explained or further clarified in other verses of the Quran. One example of the hadith which extensively employs this source of method is

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Tafsirs by Shia Muslims similarly deals with the issues concerned by Sunnis, and employs similar methodology as well, except for the adherence toward certain beliefs and creeds Shiism espouses. Distinctive features of Shia

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into separate books and literature. Grammatical explanations and historical data are preserved within these books; personal opinions are recorded, whether accepted or rejected. During this time, a whole range of schools of

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The primary criteria is understanding and knowing the Quran. A scholar must be able to refer to other of the Quran to provide an explanation of other parts of the Quran. Intra-textual analysis is essential as it maintains

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tradition of tafsir has received little attention in modern scholarship, owing to several reasons. First, several exegetical works by Mu'tazila scholars have been studied as books on theology rather than as works of

3053:. These characteristics result in distinction being made between the esoteric and the exoteric meaning of the Quran, and the esoteric meaning attributed to the imams preferred over the exoteric meaning. Certain Shia 2924:

was the first who tried to use the hermeneutic method of his teacher ibn Taimiyya. By that, it is much more selective and critical compared to earlier Quranic exegesis and features only a few personal remarks.

2991:. Although this trend has existed prior to the modern era, its popularity is new. Nontheless, this approach still faces a lot of opposition among Muslims. Yet another approach, represented by scholars such as 2564:

explanation and guidance. While some narratives are of revelation origin, others can be the result of reasonings made by Muhammad. One important aspect of these narratives is their origin. Narratives used for

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to further explain and clarify verses, especially parables, in the Quran. While some may be accurate, these narratives are not subject to hadith authenticity criteria, and are generally not favored for use.

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Burge, Stephan R. "Scattered Pearls: Exploring al-Suyī's Hermeneutics and Use of Sources in al-Durr al-manthūr fī’l-tafsīr bi’l-maʾthūr1." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 24.2 (2014): 251-296.

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Johanna Pink Sunnitischer Tafsir in der modernen islamischen Welt: Akademische Traditionen, Popularisierung und nationalstaatliche Interessen Brill, 11.11.2010 ISBN 9789004185920 p. 29 (German)

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Andreas Görke and Johanna Pink Tafsir and Islamic Intellectual History Exploring the Boundaries of a Genre Oxford University Press in association with The Institute of Ismaili Studies London

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Andreas Görke and Johanna Pink Tafsir and Islamic Intellectual History Exploring the Boundaries of a Genre Oxford University Press in association with The Institute of Ismaili Studies London

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or circumstances of their revelation; and they were very knowledgeable in both Arabic literature and Islamic thought. Another non-scripture based source of the interpretation is classical

2645:) giving extra information or interpretation about events or individuals recorded in the Hebrew scriptures. Scholars starting with the Sahabah have studied narrative accounts of other 2766:) is particularly important to interpret verses according to how the Quran was revealed, when and under which circumstances, and much commentary was dedicated to history. The early 1389:, 'interpreted'). In its literal meaning, the word refers to interpreting, explaining, expounding, or disclosing. In Islamic contexts, it is defined as understanding and uncovering 4948: 3967: 4899: 3488: 3217: 2709:) has several qualifications and conditions that need to be satisfied. Due to the nature of orientation toward opinions, this method is rejected by certain scholars such as 3017: 4017: 3257:

denounced contemporary Islamic practices as altered. He distinguished between what he defined as true Islam and what he saw as customs and traditions introduced in the

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started. The modern approach is marked by a generally critical attitude towards much of the intellectual heritage of Islam, a declared intention to imitate the

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can be broadly divided into two categories from the viewpoint of methodology employed in order to approach the interpretation. These categories are called

3593: 3269:. Each chapter, which deals with one surah, is structured around certain verses of the surah, or words occurring in the text, which need to be explained. 6435: 2376:) as it will be considered invalid. Scholars must ensure their exegesis upholds the essentials of Islamic theology and philosophy, collectively known as 374: 3767:. Great commentaries on the Holy Qurʾan̄. Translated by Guezzou, Mokrane. Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought. Louisville, KY: Fons Vitae. 4488: 4042: 3493: 3236: 6534: 3224: 3025: 1520:

restriction of meanings which have been given as absolute and reconciliation of expressions which seem contradictory. Although scholars including

4844: 4836: 2691:˹This is˺ a blessed Book which We have revealed to you ˹O Prophet˺ so that they may contemplate its verses, and people of reason may be mindful. 2366:

and the methodology of legal derivation. Without this, a scholar may misinterpret legal rulings in the Quran and lead to a flawed conclusion.

3045:, the heavier weight put on verses that considered to be the foundation of successorship to Muhammad within the Prophet's family begins with 221: 2352:) verses to avoid misunderstanding earlier rulings. A failure to do this will cause misinterpreting and the misapplication of Islamic law. 6465: 2321:) of a revelation in order to interpret the text correctly. If a verse is isolated without knowing the context, it can be misinterpreted. 3963: 3140:

has not been edited, and there is no complete copy of it available at any single location, which limits its accessibility to scholars.

6539: 6455: 3717:. The perfect guide to the sciences of the Qurʹān. Centre for Muslim Contribution to Civilization (Reading$ nGarnet Publ ed.). 6556: 5233: 4013: 3020:, gained widespread popularity, probably due to its salafistic approach but also a lack of alternative translations of traditional 368: 2901:

and gives his own opinion after each argumentation. Both linguistical and theological subjects are discussed throughout his work.

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is sometimes seen as a transition point between the Classical and post-Classical exegesis, due to his unique hermeneutic method.

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Sariyannis, Marinos. "The limits of going global: The case of “Ottoman Enlightenment (s)”." History Compass 18.9 (2020): e12623.

6460: 5350: 2916:. Ibn Taimiyya challenged this core tradition by asserting that the Quran should only be interpreted by the Quran alone or the 2214: 1245:

attempts to provide elucidation, explanation, interpretation, context or commentary for clear understanding and conviction of

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On the boundaries of theological tolerance in Islam: Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghāzalīʾs Fayṣal al-Tafriqa bayna al-Islam wa al-Zandaqa

5124: 4517: 2359: 1663: 314: 79: 3837: 3797: 3747: 2988: 6322: 6276: 5936: 5930: 4579: 4365: 4222: 4140: 4119: 3914: 3386: 1498: 1479: 953: 309: 304: 3368: 1551:, refrained from commenting based on their personal views, and only narrated comments by Muhammad. Others including 6193: 6049: 5526: 5422: 4642: 1451: 553: 182: 1613:

had been transmitted orally and had not been collected independently in a book, rather, they had been gathered by

6687: 6493: 4461: 4434: 1145: 480: 360: 204: 6752: 6300: 6198: 4038: 3589: 3364: 1436: 1090: 426: 65: 3003:. This approach often goes in hand with an attempt to establish a state based on an idealized Muslim society. 1515:

can be traced back to Muhammad. According to Islamic belief, as the Quran was revealed to him, he recited the

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two, most companions of Muhammad have refrained from presenting their own ideas. Some important examples of

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The Development of Exegesis in Early Islam: The Authenticity of Muslim Literature from the Formative Period

2867: 2840: 1311: 856: 4596:"Tafsir (Commentary) of the Quran | Reflections and Interpretations of the Holy Qur'ân by Muslim Scholars" 3904: 3024:. Similarly, a translation of Tabari's exegetical work has been published only as an abridged version, by 6774: 6639: 6445: 6213: 6006: 5383: 5156: 4860: 3006:

Among Salafis, the hermeneutics of ibn Taimiyya prevail. In the English language, an abridged version of

2813:(goals or purpose) can be taken into account. Verses may be interpreted to preserve the general goals of 903: 730: 106: 3713:

Suyūṭī, Ǧalāl-ad-Dīn ʿAbd-ar-Raḥmān Ibn-Abī-Bakr as-; Algar, Hamid; ʿUṯmān Saiyid Aḥmad Ismāʿīl (2011).

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attempts to prove that the Quran and modern sciences do not contradict each other. This is close to the

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using another portion of the Quran, or sayings of Muhammad, or saying of his companions. This classical

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especially when interior meaning is against exterior one. Esoteric interpretations are found mainly in

2207: 943: 2851: 6858: 6617: 6604: 6305: 6134: 5830: 5552: 5515: 3483: 3317: 3100:

school of jurisprudence, which espouses the doctrine closest with Sunnis of all Shia sects, produces

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came to be known for an approach relied on personal judgment aside from the transmitted reports, and

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Quranists merely believe in the Qur'an and reject other oral traditions. Turkish Islamic theologian

6769: 6488: 6312: 6085: 5565: 5060: 3349: 2753: 2595: 2335:) are considered reliable sources of tafsir. Their interpretations are considered higher authority. 1447: 970: 770: 6627: 5438: 4603: 4516:, Nor Syamimi Mohd, Haziyah Hussin & Wan Nasyrudin Wan Abdullah, Faculty of Islamic Studies, 3360: 3353: 3061:

thoughts as well, specifically on the theological issues. Some of the important examples of Shia

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By the time of the next generations ensuing the sahabah, scholars in the age of the successors (

6784: 6713: 6682: 6612: 5536: 5531: 5449: 4852: 4074:"The Role of Reading Motivation and Interest in Reading Engagement of Quranic Exegesis Readers" 3241: 2257: 2178: 1231: 1171: 1019: 785: 436: 421: 4353: 3633: 197: 6730: 6708: 5459: 5336: 4692: 3425: 2200: 1265: 1014: 839: 623: 578: 91: 1627:, in its formative age, used to be a special domain within hadith. Widening of the scope of 6387: 6294: 6239: 5317: 4906: 4635: 3882:. Studies in Islamic philosophy (2. impression ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 3522: 3512: 3478: 3000: 2834: 2738: 1837: 343: 338: 52: 4287:

Görke, Andreas, and Johanna Pink. "Tafsır and Islamic Intellectual History." (2014). p. 33

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Görke, Andreas, and Johanna Pink. "Tafsır and Islamic Intellectual History." (2014). p. 32

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traditions, rather than from other well-accepted sources. The Isra'iliyat are mostly non-

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used their own knowledge from the Arabic language to interpret the Quran. At this stage,

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scholars have not used this source. Less authoritative source of the interpretation is

2570: 1048: 1005: 975: 958: 933: 878: 834: 546: 296: 209: 192: 101: 5787: 4620: 2800:, whether it be theological foundations or basic faith principles. On the other hand, 2583: 1933: 1280:(lit. received tafsir), which is transmitted from the early days of Islam through the 6764: 6759: 6664: 6654: 6644: 6317: 6203: 6155: 5998: 5909: 5612: 5602: 5597: 5587: 5582: 5415: 5262: 5225: 5108: 4956: 4892: 4788: 4772: 4756: 4748: 4732: 4724: 4708: 4700: 4575: 4535: 4494: 4467: 4440: 4416: 4361: 4358:

Islamic Philosophy, Science, Culture, and Religion: Studies in Honor of Dimitri Gutas

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in the age of the successors lead to the development of an independent discipline of

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Oxford University Press in association with The Institute of Ismaili Studies London

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Görke, Andreas, and Johanna Pink. "Tafsır and Islamic Intellectual History." (2014).

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interpretations; instead, they discuss the inner levels of meaning of the Quran. A

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can be ordered by the rank of authority, as the Quran, hadiths, the reports by the

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Hadith As Scripture: Discussions on the Authority of Prophetic Traditions in Islam

6720: 6417: 6362: 6162: 5848: 5808: 5697: 5653: 5427: 5278: 5270: 5132: 5092: 4796: 4628: 3988: 3857:(3. rev. and enlarged ed., repr ed.). Cambridge: The Islamic Texts Society. 3690:

Coherence in the Qurʾān: a study of Iṣlāḥī's concept of naẓm in Tadabbur-i Qurʾān

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The best people are those living in my generation, then those coming after them (

2599:, the generation after tabi'un. Their authority is based on an account in hadith 2551: 2459: 2441: 2429: 2410: 2248: 2240: 2143: 1988: 1398: 1281: 1222: 1214: 1182: 1162: 1080: 1033: 849: 809: 798: 780: 683: 628: 541: 6863: 6832: 6549: 6402: 6244: 5946: 5286: 5188: 5148: 5140: 5100: 4964: 4716: 3280: 3086: 2980: 2961: 2882: 2855: 2843:, and each of the schools' comments on the Quran with their own point of view. 2788: 2762: 2629: 2542: 2349: 2318: 1651: 1131: 993: 980: 938: 883: 497: 466: 449: 353: 70: 4570:

Nooruddin, Allamah; Omar, Abdul Mannan; Omar, Mrs Amatul Rahman (2015-11-20).

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The Idea of European Islam: Religion, Ethics, Politics and Perpetual Modernity

3272: 2968:(1759–1834) has been understood retroperspective by many Muslim scholars as a 2678:) to form an opinion-oriented interpretation. The most distinctive feature of 1524:

claim that Muhammad has commented on the whole of the Quran, others including

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Some works included numerous methodologies e.g. the very detailed tafsirs of

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an English translation and commentary of the Qur'an. Yüksel is a follower of

3042: 2992: 2801: 2710: 2623: 2601: 2559:. The authoritative source of method second to the Quran is Hadith, by using 2280: 2158: 2023: 2013: 2003: 1521: 1373: 1058: 963: 923: 258: 245: 187: 141: 3635:

Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 7 (Part 7): Al-Ma'idah 82 to Al-An'am 110 2nd Edition

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The following criteria are in place to ensure a tafsir maintains fidelity.

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Tafsir and Islamic Intellectual History Exploring the Boundaries of a Genre

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Brill. "Al-Tabari, Abu Djafar Muhammad b. Djarir b. Yazid", Vol. 10, p. 14.

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can be categorized. The main issue of framing constitutes its methodology.

2384: 2118: 2078: 2058: 1842: 1822: 1573:. The whole of the Quran is interpreted, and narrations are separated from 1246: 1119: 1065: 802: 534: 523: 454: 231: 136: 4918: 3878:

Jackson, Sherman A.; Ġazzālī, Abū-Ḥāmid Muḥammad Ibn-Muḥammad al- (2003).

6374: 5864: 5772: 5672: 5559: 5164: 5052: 4972: 4659: 4388: 3194: 3159: 3076: 2996: 2965: 2960:), a seventeenth-century puritanical reformist religious movement in the 2804:

constitute legislation, social obligations, and constitution of a state.

2684: 2610: 2589: 2268: 2128: 1983: 1615: 1534:), thus indicating that he has commented only on a portion of the Quran. 1315: 861: 819: 743: 2774:. Classification of the place of revelation, whether it was revealed in 2697: 2672:, is the method of using one's independent rational reasoning and mind ( 6677: 5759: 5716: 5687: 4939: 3445: 3433: 3174: 2953: 2921: 2728: 2536: 2522: 2332: 2173: 2138: 1565: 1525: 1359: 1319: 866: 282: 253: 3712: 2488:, is the method of commenting on the Quran using traditional sources. 1342:

which seeks to address a wider audience, including the common people.

6382: 5813: 5755: 5702: 5570: 5200: 4996: 4332:"Quran Tafseer | Quran Tafseer in English |Tafsir ibn Kathir English" 3413: 3184: 3158:

and in the sayings (hadiths) of Shi'a Imams and the teachings of the

3097: 2926: 2821:(general) verses that aimed at universal conditions for Muslims, and 2512: 2093: 2008: 1998: 1973: 1928: 1862: 1857: 1807: 1772: 1552: 765: 4073: 3338: 1619:(lit. scholars of hadith) in their hadith books, under the topic of 1414: 6725: 6221: 6079: 6031: 5825: 5731: 5682: 5410: 4170:

Hierarchy in the Qur'an: Medieval Interpretations, Modern Responses

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were also widely employed. Notable compilers on this age including

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There are different characteristics and traditions for each of the

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Not earlier than the mid-nineteenth century, the modern period of

6740: 6336: 6024: 5904: 5782: 5777: 5764: 5748: 5741: 5736: 5468: 3457: 3405: 3049:, and the heavier authority put on interpretations attributed to 2814: 2809: 2714: 2674: 2168: 2073: 2053: 1968: 1902: 1892: 1847: 1812: 1727: 1722: 1717: 1692: 1539: 1394: 1300: 908: 585: 270: 155: 2987:(scientific interpretation of the Quran), which claims that the 2267:). Mufassirs are required to master several disciplines such as 150: 6254: 6228: 6187: 6148: 6065: 5978: 5899: 5801: 5711: 5637: 5404: 5328: 3437: 3417: 3155: 2779: 2560: 2469: 2373: 2301: 2148: 2108: 2088: 2048: 2033: 1963: 1953: 1948: 1943: 1938: 1907: 1897: 1887: 1877: 1832: 1797: 1787: 1737: 1682: 1623:, along with other narrations of Muhammad. This indicates that 1587: 1582:

came into existence in different scholastic centers, including

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marks the classical period, which encompassed important Sunni

6503: 6328: 6282: 6270: 6072: 6058: 6017: 5794: 5632: 5489: 5475: 5396: 5359: 2964:, shared a lot of ideas with modern Islamic interpretations. 2859: 2796:) nature that includes believing in Allah, Muhammad, and the 2775: 2348:

scholars must be able to identify and account for abrogated (

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by opinion), which is arrived through personal reflection or

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Other source of the interpretation includes the accounts of

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In terms of linguistic resources, literary elements of the

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a tafsir must not contradict established Islamic theology (

2363: 2103: 2083: 2028: 1872: 1767: 1687: 1672: 1591: 1516: 1377: 699: 607: 4900:

The Qur'an with Annotated Interpretation in Modern English

2574:). Narratives of such origin are considered requisite for 2370:

Avoiding interpretations that contradict Islamic beliefs -

3275:, Layth Saleh al-Shaiban, and Martha Schulte-Nafeh wrote 3046: 2317:

a scholar must understand the reasons and circumstances (

1747: 4885:

The Majestic Quran: An English Rendition of Its Meanings

4572:

The Holy Quran - Exegesis of, Commentary and Reflections

2745:

or socio-cultural environment taken into consideration.

1276:

can be broadly divided into two main categories, namely

4650: 3575:

Mir, Mustansir. (1995). "Tafsīr". In John L. Esposito.

4595: 2613:), and then those coming after (the third generation). 1326:. There are also general distinctions between classic 3112:

are considered popular among Sunnis as well as shia.

2912:

are geneaological, they rely on the core of previous

2283:

before one can authoritatively interpret the Quran.

2262: 1236: 1176: 4574:(1st ed.). Noor Foundation International Inc. 4133:

The Study of Shi'i Islam: History, Theology and Law

3577:

The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World

3166:Among the most significant Sunni Sufi tafsirs are: 2989:

Quran miraculously predicted scientific discoveries

2782:, is important as well. This is because in general 2633:, which is the body of narratives originating from 1439:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 4351: 2770:are considered to be some of the best sources for 2717:Islamic doctrine. Some important examples of such 2325:Consistency with early Tafsir (Tafsir al-Mathur) - 4813:The Holy Qur'an: Text, Translation and Commentary 4569: 3456:as an example of a legal tafsir according to the 6845: 4514:Scientific Exegesis in Malay Qur'anic Commentary 3763:Wāḥidī, Abu-'l-Ḥasan ʿAlī Ibn-Aḥmad al- (2008). 3672: 3404:typically written from the perspectives of the 2568:, and in general, must be of authentic origin ( 2397:There are several frames of reference in which 4215:Muslims: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices 3877: 5344: 4636: 4188: 4186: 3740:Die Richtungen der islamischen Koranauslegung 3225:Al-Bahr al-Madid fi Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Majid 2208: 1537:After the death of Muhammad, his companions ( 1139: 474: 4356:. In Felicitas Opwis; David Reisman (eds.). 4354:"The revealed text and the intended subtext" 3631: 2756:, eloquence, syntax are an integral part of 2641:explanatory stories and traditions (Hebrew: 1569:) started using a wide range of sources for 1363: 3668: 3666: 3664: 3367:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 2839:Islamic theology is divided into myriad of 2455:'tafsir by opinion', also known as 2356:Knowledge of Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence) - 5351: 5337: 4643: 4629: 4183: 4014:"The Hadith Book (48. Witnesses): nr. 819" 3632:Abdul-Rahman, Muhammad Saed (2009-10-29). 3408:of their respective authors. For example, 2807:On the more conceptual level, the idea of 2339:Application of reason (Tasfir bi'l-Ra'y) - 2215: 2201: 1146: 1132: 481: 467: 3989:"Sources of Prophet Muhammad's Knowledge" 3827: 3737: 3692:. Indianapolis, IN: American Trust Publ. 3387:Learn how and when to remove this message 2975:A rationalistic approach, as proposed by 2424:'received tafsir', also known as 2358:scholars must have deep understanding of 1499:Learn how and when to remove this message 4486: 3896: 3661: 2850: 1272:. In terms of perspective and approach, 3444:by Ilkiya was written according to the 2315:Knowledge of context (Asbab al-Nuzul) - 1528:cite the limited amount of narratives ( 1393:'s will which has been conveyed by the 14: 6846: 4432: 3852: 3787: 3762: 3305: 2308:Understanding of the Arabic language - 6589: 6357: 5973: 5332: 4624: 4529: 4383: 4381: 4379: 4377: 4283: 4281: 4279: 4260: 4258: 4248: 4246: 4244: 4242: 4240: 4155: 4153: 4151: 4149: 3940: 3938: 3902: 3812: 3571: 3569: 3567: 3565: 3563: 3041:include expounding of the concept of 1330:compiled by authoritative figures of 1181: 6358: 5974: 4459: 3561: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3507:Esoteric interpretation of the Quran 3365:adding citations to reliable sources 3332: 3261:. In 1992, he published a 760-page, 3204:Ara'is al-Bayan fi Haqa'iq al-Qur'an 2605:, which accordingly, Muhammad said: 2593:, the generation after sahabah, and 1437:adding citations to reliable sources 1408: 4534:(Repr ed.). Oxford: Oneworld. 4518:The National University of Malaysia 3855:Principles of Islamic jurisprudence 3687: 3613:Al-Zehebi, Al-Tafsir vel Mufassirun 2541:, classical Arabic literature, and 2463: 2445: 2433: 2414: 2252: 2244: 1364: 1226: 1218: 1166: 24: 4554: 4374: 4276: 4255: 4237: 4146: 4135:Bloomsbury Publishing, 08.01.2014 4062:Muhsin Demirci, Tefsir Tarihi, 128 3935: 3923:from the original on 16 March 2015 3906:Sayyid Qutb: A Study of His Tafsir 3828:As-Suyuti, Imam Jalaludin (2015). 3579:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 3129:. Secondly, the large Mu'tazilite 25: 6875: 4490:The Koran in English: A Biography 4487:Lawrence, Bruce B. (2020-10-06). 4213:Teresa Bernheimer, Andrew Rippin 4071: 3673:Allama Jalaludin, Suyuti (2008). 3658:Muhsin Demirci, Tefsir Usulü, 120 3540: 3328: 1547:. Most of the sahabah, including 6828: 6827: 6816: 6337:Schools of islamic jurisprudence 5527:Timeline of the history of Islam 5358: 4172:Cambridge University Press 2015 3853:Kamali, Mohammad Hashim (2011). 3472: 3337: 3300: 3214:Ruh al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an 3082:Majma al-Bayan lif'ulum al-Quran 1413: 1113: 512: 6688:List of ex-Muslim organisations 4606:from the original on 2018-07-23 4588: 4563: 4548: 4523: 4507: 4480: 4453: 4433:Hashas, Mohammed (2018-07-24). 4426: 4411:Andreas Görke and Johanna Pink 4405: 4345: 4324: 4307: 4290: 4267: 4228: 4207: 4162: 4125: 4104: 4091: 4080:from the original on 2019-01-18 4065: 4056: 4045:from the original on 2010-06-13 4031: 4020:from the original on 2015-04-14 4006: 3995:from the original on 2011-07-13 3981: 3970:from the original on 2010-10-22 3956: 3947: 3909:. The Other Press. p. 28. 3871: 3846: 3821: 3806: 3781: 3756: 3731: 3596:from the original on 2017-06-27 3277:Quran: A Reformist Translation, 1424:needs additional citations for 1360:three-letter Arabic verbal root 4493:. Princeton University Press. 3706: 3681: 3652: 3625: 3616: 3607: 3582: 3436:were written according to the 13: 1: 5181:Al Kauthar fi Tafsir Al Quran 4989:Al-Tibbyan Fi Tafsir al-Quran 3903:Yusuf, Badmas 'Lanre (2009). 3792:. Dar-us-Salam Publications. 3533: 3463: 3416:was written according to the 3295:Exposition of the Holy Qur'an 3265:-like exegetical work called 3134:at-Tahdib fi tafsir al-Qur'an 3072:Al-Tibbyan Fi Tafsir al-Quran 2896:is one of the most important 2587:, companions of Muhammad, or 2392: 1301:independent rational thinking 6673:Apostasy in Islam by country 6540:Liberalism and progressivism 4981:Al-Burhan Fi Tafsir al-Quran 4099:Encyclopedia of Islam 2nd ed 3815:Muqaddimah fi Usul at-Tafsir 3430:al-Jaami' Li'Aḥkam al-Qur'an 3115: 2868:Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari 2552:Al-Mizan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an 1345: 7: 5157:Al-Bayan Fi Tafsir al-Quran 4360:. Brill. pp. 367–373. 4352:Suleiman A. Mourad (2011). 4194:The Qur'an: An Encyclopedia 3953:Taberi, Camiul Beyan, I, 27 3715:Al-itqān fī ʿUlūm al-Qurʾān 3638:. MSA Publication Limited. 3500: 3489:Mufti Ahmad Yar Khan Naeemi 3426:Qaḍi Abū Bakr ibn al-'Arabī 3293:translated into English as 3248: 3242:Mufti Ahmad Yar Khan Naeemi 3108:in its quality. Some Zaidi 3016:), under the editorship of 2518:Tafseer al-Qurʾān al-ʿAẓeem 2263: 2234: 1642: 1384: 1353: 1237: 1207: 1177: 687:("Stories of the Prophets") 10: 6880: 6590: 4652:Tafsīr (Qur'anic exegesis) 4532:The Qur'an: a user's guide 4196:Taylor & Francis 2006 3830:Al-Itqan fi Ulum al-Qur'an 3788:Kathir, Hafix Ibn (2000). 3765:Al-Wāḥidī's Asbāb al-nuzūl 3742:. Fachbuchverlag-Dresden. 3031: 3018:Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman 2832: 2557:Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i 2327:the prophet's companions ( 1921:Legal vocations and titles 1404: 29: 6811: 6696: 6663: 6603: 6599: 6585: 6512: 6479: 6451:Geography and cartography 6426: 6373: 6369: 6353: 6179: 6101: 6048: 5997: 5993: 5969: 5839: 5663: 5623: 5506: 5458: 5382: 5378: 5367: 5313: 5255:The Message of The Qur'an 5244: 5199: 4938: 4917: 4658: 4557:شرح مقدمة في أصول التفسير 3738:Goldziher, Ignaz (1920). 3171:Tafsir al-Qur'an al-'Azim 3009:Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿAẓīm 2862:, self-portrait 1555–1556 2298:Knowledge of the Sunnah - 1600:Jewish apocryphal reports 1401:and one's own knowledge. 1260:deals with the issues of 1186: 6770:Islamic view of miracles 5061:Tafsir Noor al-Thaqalayn 3448:Madhhab. Some also cite 3218:Isma'il Haqqi al-Brusewi 2883:Tafsir of Al-Zamakhshari 2858:writing a Tafsir on the 2846: 2828: 2291:Knowledge of the Quran - 1310:representing respective 1195:, or commentary, of the 776:Medieval Islamic science 6525:Creationism (evolution) 5303:Tafsir Ishraq Al-Ma'ani 5234:The 5 Volume Commentary 4460:Musa, A. (2008-05-12). 3688:Mir, Mustansir (1986). 3590:"Interpreting The Text" 3143: 2792:(loosely translated as 2668:, or commonly known as 2525:. The sources used for 2484:, or commonly known as 1336:formative ages of Islam 32:Tafsir (disambiguation) 6785:Persecution of Muslims 6683:List of former Muslims 5532:Succession to Muhammad 4217:Routledge, 01.03.2013 3675:الاتقان فی علوم القرآن 3315:. A common example is 2863: 2702: 2615: 1511:The first examples of 1397:text, by means of the 786:Succession to Muhammad 6569:Conversion to mosques 6436:Alchemy and chemistry 4530:Esack, Farid (2008). 4114:Routledge 03.04.2013 2854: 2689: 2607: 2360:Islamic jurisprudence 1312:schools and doctrines 107:Birmingham manuscript 92:Samarkand Kufic Quran 27:Exegesis of the Quran 6295:Ma malakat aymanukum 5870:Association football 5769:Moderate Kharijites 5318:List of tafsir works 5021:Tafsīr Abū al- Futūḥ 4949:Tafsir Imam al-Sadiq 3622:Şatibi, El-muvafakat 3523:List of tafsir works 3513:Quranic hermeneutics 3361:improve this section 2841:schools and branches 2835:List of tafsir works 2739:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi 2713:, and prohibited by 2346:Abrogation (Naskh) - 1433:improve this article 1358:is derived from the 1278:tafsir bi-al-ma'thur 825:Association football 30:For other uses, see 6854:Islamic terminology 4805:Tafsir Zia ul Quran 4168:Karen Bauer Gender 3306:Scientific approach 3287:Ghulam Ahmed Perwez 3138:al-Hakim al-Jishumi 3092:On the other hand, 2680:tafsir bi-al-diraya 2670:tafsir bi-al-diraya 2659:Tafsir bi'd-dirayah 2647:Abrahamic religions 2527:tafsir bi'r-riwāyah 2503:tafsir bi'r-riwāyah 2490:Tafsir bi'r-riwāyah 2486:Tafsir bi'r-riwāyah 2482:Tafsir bi'l-ma'thur 2475:Tafsir bi'r-Riwayah 2471:Tafsir bi'l-Ma'thur 2457:tafsīr bi'd-dirayah 2426:tafsīr bi'r-riwāyah 2407:tafsīr bi'l-ma'thūr 1594:. Iraqi schools of 586:Profession of Faith 559:Day of Resurrection 6790:Quran and miracles 6704:Criticism of Islam 6408:Geometric patterns 6260:Gender segregation 5831:Non-denominational 5045:Menhaj Al-Sadeghin 4765:Tafsir al-Jalalayn 4741:Tafsir al-Nisaburi 4693:Tafsir al-Tha'labi 4685:Tafsir al-Maturidi 3944:Tirmizi, Tafsir, 1 3528:Quran translations 3323:Fakhruddin al-Razi 3191:Lata'if al-Isharat 3057:are influenced by 3028:appeared in 1983. 2864: 2331:) and successors ( 1332:Muslim scholarship 361:Biblical parallels 102:Topkapi manuscript 6841: 6840: 6807: 6806: 6803: 6802: 6775:Domestic violence 6765:Islamic terrorism 6760:Islamic extremism 6581: 6580: 6577: 6576: 6349: 6348: 6345: 6344: 6135:Marriage contract 5965: 5964: 5925:Political aspects 5654:Story of Prophets 5423:Prophets of Islam 5326: 5325: 5263:Fi Zilal al-Quran 5226:Tafseer-e-Sagheer 4957:Tafsir Furat Kufi 4907:Tauzeeh Al-Qur'an 4893:Tafsir al-Mishbah 4789:Tafsir al-Mazhari 4773:Al-Dur al-Manthur 4757:Tafsir Ibn Kathir 4749:Tafsir Ibn Juzayy 4733:Tafsir al-Baydawi 4725:Tafsir al-Qurtubi 4709:Tafsir Ibn Atiyya 4701:Tafsir al-Baghawi 4559:. pp. 1/122. 4541:978-1-85168-354-3 4500:978-0-691-20921-0 4473:978-0-230-61197-9 4446:978-1-351-60400-0 4421:978-0-19-870206-1 4319:978-0-19-870206-1 4302:978-0-19-870206-1 4202:978-0-415-32639-1 4178:978-1-316-24005-2 3889:978-0-19-579791-6 3864:978-0-946621-82-8 3790:Tafsir Ibn Kathir 3774:978-1-891785-18-4 3724:978-1-85964-242-9 3699:978-0-89259-065-0 3645:978-1-86179-691-2 3397: 3396: 3389: 3291:Mafhoom-ul-Quran, 3267:Kur'an'daki Islam 3255:Yaşar Nuri Öztürk 3208:Ruzbihan al-Baqli 3181:Haqa'iq al-Tafsir 3104:resembling Sunni 3014:Tafsir Ibn Kathir 3001:Abul A'la Maududi 2935:Al-Dur al-Manthur 2877:Tafsir al-Thalabi 2620:Arabic literature 2454: 2423: 2261: 2225: 2224: 1631:and emergence of 1509: 1508: 1501: 1483: 1293:tafsir bi-al-ra'y 1235: 1199:. An author of a 1175: 1156: 1155: 1086:Deobandi jihadism 491: 490: 375:Mentioned by name 16:(Redirected from 6871: 6859:Quranic exegesis 6831: 6830: 6823:Islam portal 6821: 6820: 6819: 6601: 6600: 6593: 6587: 6586: 6428:Medieval science 6371: 6370: 6361: 6355: 6354: 6012:Economic history 5995: 5994: 5971: 5970: 5957:Islam by country 5742:Bektashi Alevism 5380: 5379: 5371:Outline of Islam 5353: 5346: 5339: 5330: 5329: 5295:Tadabbur-i-Quran 5218:Tafseer-e-Kabeer 5210:Haqaiq al-furqan 5125:Makhzan al-Irfan 5117:Partovi az Quran 5037:Al-Mohit al-azam 4869:Tafsir Ibn Ashur 4853:Ma'ariful Qur'an 4829:Tafseer-e-Majidi 4821:Tafseer-e-Usmani 4781:Tafsir Ibn Ajiba 4677:Tafsir al-Tabari 4669:Tanwir al-Miqbas 4645: 4638: 4631: 4622: 4621: 4615: 4614: 4612: 4611: 4592: 4586: 4585: 4567: 4561: 4560: 4552: 4546: 4545: 4527: 4521: 4511: 4505: 4504: 4484: 4478: 4477: 4457: 4451: 4450: 4430: 4424: 4409: 4403: 4402: 4400: 4399: 4385: 4372: 4371: 4349: 4343: 4342: 4340: 4339: 4328: 4322: 4311: 4305: 4294: 4288: 4285: 4274: 4271: 4265: 4262: 4253: 4250: 4235: 4232: 4226: 4211: 4205: 4190: 4181: 4166: 4160: 4157: 4144: 4129: 4123: 4108: 4102: 4095: 4089: 4088: 4086: 4085: 4072:Zayed, Tareq M. 4069: 4063: 4060: 4054: 4053: 4051: 4050: 4035: 4029: 4028: 4026: 4025: 4016:. Search Truth. 4010: 4004: 4003: 4001: 4000: 3985: 3979: 3978: 3976: 3975: 3960: 3954: 3951: 3945: 3942: 3933: 3932: 3930: 3928: 3900: 3894: 3893: 3875: 3869: 3868: 3850: 3844: 3843: 3832:. Dar Ibn Hazm. 3825: 3819: 3818: 3813:Taymiyyah, Ibn. 3810: 3804: 3803: 3785: 3779: 3778: 3760: 3754: 3753: 3735: 3729: 3728: 3710: 3704: 3703: 3685: 3679: 3678: 3670: 3659: 3656: 3650: 3649: 3629: 3623: 3620: 3614: 3611: 3605: 3604: 3602: 3601: 3586: 3580: 3573: 3392: 3385: 3381: 3378: 3372: 3341: 3333: 3318:Mafatih al-Ghayb 3230:Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba 3203: 3051:The Twelve Imams 2894:Tafsir al-Tabari 2889:Tafsir al-Tabari 2786:tend to have an 2734:Mafatih al-Ghayb 2700: 2666:Tafsir bi'r-ra'y 2655:Tafsir bi'r-Ra'y 2596:Tabi‘ al-Tabi‘in 2465: 2449: 2447: 2438:tafsīr bi'r-ra'y 2435: 2418: 2416: 2415:التفسير بالمأثور 2266: 2256: 2254: 2246: 2237: 2217: 2210: 2203: 2179:Tabi' al-Tabi'in 1647: 1646: 1609:Until this age, 1604:Sufyan al-Thawri 1504: 1497: 1493: 1490: 1484: 1482: 1441: 1417: 1409: 1387: 1367: 1366: 1356: 1240: 1230: 1228: 1220: 1210: 1190: 1184: 1180: 1170: 1168: 1148: 1141: 1134: 1120:Islam portal 1118: 1117: 1116: 516: 493: 492: 483: 476: 469: 427:Quran and Sunnah 97:Sanaa manuscript 66:First revelation 39: 38: 21: 6879: 6878: 6874: 6873: 6872: 6870: 6869: 6868: 6844: 6843: 6842: 6837: 6817: 6815: 6799: 6721:Cultural Muslim 6692: 6659: 6605:Other religions 6595: 6591: 6573: 6508: 6475: 6422: 6365: 6363:Islamic studies 6359: 6341: 6175: 6120: 6097: 6044: 5989: 5988: 5961: 5910:Moral teachings 5853: 5835: 5809:Nation of Islam 5722:Twelver Shi'ism 5659: 5625:Religious texts 5619: 5537:Early conquests 5520: 5502: 5454: 5374: 5363: 5357: 5327: 5322: 5309: 5279:Tafhim-ul-Quran 5271:Tafsir al-Manar 5240: 5195: 5133:Tafsir al-Mizan 5093:Tafsir Nemooneh 5077:Bayan al-Sa‘ada 5013:Majma' al-Bayan 4934: 4913: 4861:Maarif al-Quran 4797:Tafsir al-Alusi 4654: 4649: 4619: 4618: 4609: 4607: 4594: 4593: 4589: 4582: 4568: 4564: 4553: 4549: 4542: 4528: 4524: 4512: 4508: 4501: 4485: 4481: 4474: 4458: 4454: 4447: 4431: 4427: 4410: 4406: 4397: 4395: 4387: 4386: 4375: 4368: 4350: 4346: 4337: 4335: 4330: 4329: 4325: 4312: 4308: 4295: 4291: 4286: 4277: 4272: 4268: 4263: 4256: 4251: 4238: 4233: 4229: 4212: 4208: 4191: 4184: 4167: 4163: 4158: 4147: 4131:Farhad Daftary 4130: 4126: 4109: 4105: 4097:C.E. Bosworth. 4096: 4092: 4083: 4081: 4070: 4066: 4061: 4057: 4048: 4046: 4037: 4036: 4032: 4023: 4021: 4012: 4011: 4007: 3998: 3996: 3987: 3986: 3982: 3973: 3971: 3962: 3961: 3957: 3952: 3948: 3943: 3936: 3926: 3924: 3917: 3901: 3897: 3890: 3876: 3872: 3865: 3851: 3847: 3840: 3826: 3822: 3811: 3807: 3800: 3786: 3782: 3775: 3761: 3757: 3750: 3736: 3732: 3725: 3711: 3707: 3700: 3686: 3682: 3671: 3662: 3657: 3653: 3646: 3630: 3626: 3621: 3617: 3612: 3608: 3599: 3597: 3588: 3587: 3583: 3574: 3541: 3536: 3518:Islamic studies 3503: 3475: 3466: 3458:Hanbali Madhhab 3442:Aḥkam al-Qur'an 3422:Aḥkam al-Qur'an 3410:Aḥkam al-Qur'an 3393: 3382: 3376: 3373: 3358: 3342: 3331: 3308: 3303: 3251: 3201: 3146: 3118: 3089:(d. 548/1153). 3079:(460/1067) and 3034: 2977:Syed Ahmad Khan 2849: 2837: 2831: 2798:day of judgment 2772:Islamic history 2750:Arabic language 2724:Anwar al-Tanzil 2701: 2695: 2663: 2635:Judeo-Christian 2479: 2395: 2227:An author of a 2221: 1989:Hujjat al-Islam 1934:Shaykh al-Islām 1645: 1505: 1494: 1488: 1485: 1442: 1440: 1430: 1418: 1407: 1399:Arabic language 1348: 1282:Islamic prophet 1256:Principally, a 1191:) refers to an 1152: 1114: 1112: 1105: 1104: 1081:Salafi jihadism 1039:Other religions 1034:Arabic language 996: 986: 985: 914:Moral teachings 805: 791: 790: 781:Spread of Islam 726: 716: 715: 703:(jurisprudence) 685:Qisas al-Anbiya 634: 633: 613: 612: 581: 571: 570: 526: 487: 442: 441: 417: 416: 407: 406: 392: 391: 390:Characteristics 382: 381: 371: 369:Related persons 334: 333: 322: 321: 300: 299: 288: 287: 249: 248: 237: 236: 178: 177: 168: 167: 122: 121: 112: 111: 56: 55: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6877: 6867: 6866: 6861: 6856: 6839: 6838: 6836: 6835: 6825: 6812: 6809: 6808: 6805: 6804: 6801: 6800: 6798: 6797: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6772: 6767: 6762: 6757: 6756: 6755: 6745: 6744: 6743: 6738: 6733: 6723: 6718: 6717: 6716: 6711: 6700: 6698: 6697:Related topics 6694: 6693: 6691: 6690: 6685: 6680: 6675: 6669: 6667: 6661: 6660: 6658: 6657: 6652: 6647: 6642: 6637: 6632: 6631: 6630: 6625: 6620: 6609: 6607: 6597: 6596: 6583: 6582: 6579: 6578: 6575: 6574: 6572: 6571: 6566: 6559: 6554: 6553: 6552: 6542: 6537: 6532: 6527: 6522: 6516: 6514: 6510: 6509: 6507: 6506: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6485: 6483: 6477: 6476: 6474: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6432: 6430: 6424: 6423: 6421: 6420: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6385: 6379: 6377: 6367: 6366: 6351: 6350: 6347: 6346: 6343: 6342: 6340: 6339: 6334: 6333: 6332: 6320: 6318:Sources of law 6315: 6310: 6309: 6308: 6298: 6291: 6286: 6279: 6274: 6267: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6225: 6218: 6217: 6216: 6211: 6206: 6196: 6191: 6183: 6181: 6177: 6176: 6174: 6173: 6166: 6159: 6152: 6145: 6138: 6131: 6123: 6121: 6119: 6118: 6113: 6108: 6102: 6099: 6098: 6096: 6095: 6088: 6083: 6076: 6069: 6062: 6054: 6052: 6046: 6045: 6043: 6042: 6035: 6028: 6021: 6014: 6009: 6003: 6001: 5991: 5990: 5987: 5986: 5981: 5975: 5967: 5966: 5963: 5962: 5960: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5942:Social welfare 5939: 5934: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5856: 5854: 5852: 5851: 5846: 5840: 5837: 5836: 5834: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5822: 5821: 5811: 5806: 5805: 5804: 5799: 5798: 5797: 5792: 5791: 5790: 5785: 5780: 5767: 5753: 5752: 5751: 5746: 5745: 5744: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5714: 5709: 5708: 5707: 5706: 5705: 5695: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5669: 5667: 5661: 5660: 5658: 5657: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5629: 5627: 5621: 5620: 5618: 5617: 5616: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5568: 5563: 5556: 5549: 5547:Historiography 5544: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5523: 5521: 5519: 5518: 5513: 5507: 5504: 5503: 5501: 5500: 5493: 5486: 5479: 5472: 5464: 5462: 5456: 5455: 5453: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5419: 5418: 5408: 5401: 5400: 5399: 5388: 5386: 5376: 5375: 5368: 5365: 5364: 5356: 5355: 5348: 5341: 5333: 5324: 5323: 5321: 5320: 5314: 5311: 5310: 5308: 5307: 5299: 5291: 5287:Tazkirul Quran 5283: 5275: 5267: 5259: 5250: 5248: 5242: 5241: 5239: 5238: 5230: 5222: 5214: 5205: 5203: 5197: 5196: 5194: 5193: 5189:Tafsir Meshkat 5185: 5177: 5169: 5161: 5153: 5149:Tafsir Hedayat 5145: 5141:Tafsir Rahnama 5137: 5129: 5121: 5113: 5109:The Holy Quran 5105: 5101:Tasneem Tafsir 5097: 5089: 5081: 5073: 5065: 5057: 5049: 5041: 5033: 5025: 5017: 5009: 5001: 4993: 4985: 4977: 4969: 4965:Tafsir Ayyashi 4961: 4953: 4944: 4942: 4936: 4935: 4933: 4932: 4923: 4921: 4915: 4914: 4912: 4911: 4903: 4897: 4889: 4881: 4873: 4865: 4857: 4849: 4841: 4833: 4825: 4817: 4809: 4801: 4793: 4785: 4777: 4769: 4761: 4753: 4745: 4737: 4729: 4721: 4717:Tafsir al-Razi 4713: 4705: 4697: 4689: 4681: 4673: 4664: 4662: 4656: 4655: 4648: 4647: 4640: 4633: 4625: 4617: 4616: 4587: 4580: 4562: 4555:بازمول, محمد. 4547: 4540: 4522: 4506: 4499: 4479: 4472: 4452: 4445: 4425: 4404: 4373: 4366: 4344: 4323: 4306: 4289: 4275: 4266: 4254: 4236: 4227: 4206: 4192:Oliver Leaman 4182: 4161: 4145: 4124: 4103: 4090: 4064: 4055: 4030: 4005: 3980: 3955: 3946: 3934: 3915: 3895: 3888: 3870: 3863: 3845: 3839:978-9953816197 3838: 3820: 3805: 3799:978-1591440208 3798: 3780: 3773: 3755: 3749:978-3956926365 3748: 3730: 3723: 3705: 3698: 3680: 3677:. Darul Ishat. 3660: 3651: 3644: 3624: 3615: 3606: 3581: 3538: 3537: 3535: 3532: 3531: 3530: 3525: 3520: 3515: 3510: 3502: 3499: 3487:in Arabic and 3474: 3471: 3465: 3462: 3438:Maliki Madhhab 3418:Hanafi Madhhab 3395: 3394: 3345: 3343: 3336: 3330: 3329:Legal approach 3327: 3307: 3304: 3302: 3299: 3281:Rashad Khalifa 3259:Umayyad period 3250: 3247: 3246: 3245: 3244:(d. 1391/1921) 3233: 3232:(d. 1224/1809) 3221: 3220:(d. 1137/1725) 3211: 3198: 3188: 3178: 3145: 3142: 3117: 3114: 3087:Shaykh Tabarsi 3033: 3030: 2981:Muhammad Abduh 2962:Ottoman Empire 2904:The period of 2856:Mir Sayyid Ali 2848: 2845: 2830: 2827: 2802:Medinan verses 2763:Asbab al-nuzul 2693: 2662: 2652: 2508:Jāmiʿ al-Bayān 2478: 2468: 2464:تفسير بالدراية 2446:التفسير بالرأي 2434:تفسير بالرواية 2394: 2391: 2390: 2389: 2367: 2353: 2343: 2336: 2322: 2319:asbab al-nuzul 2312: 2305: 2295: 2223: 2222: 2220: 2219: 2212: 2205: 2197: 2194: 2193: 2192: 2191: 2186: 2184:Da'i al-Mutlaq 2181: 2176: 2171: 2166: 2161: 2156: 2151: 2146: 2141: 2136: 2131: 2126: 2121: 2116: 2111: 2106: 2101: 2096: 2091: 2086: 2081: 2076: 2071: 2066: 2061: 2056: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2026: 2021: 2016: 2011: 2006: 2001: 1996: 1991: 1986: 1981: 1976: 1971: 1966: 1961: 1956: 1951: 1946: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1923: 1922: 1918: 1917: 1916: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1865: 1860: 1855: 1850: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1790: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1770: 1762: 1761: 1753: 1752: 1751: 1750: 1745: 1740: 1735: 1730: 1725: 1720: 1715: 1710: 1705: 1700: 1695: 1690: 1685: 1677: 1676: 1668: 1667: 1659: 1658: 1644: 1641: 1507: 1506: 1421: 1419: 1412: 1406: 1403: 1347: 1344: 1154: 1153: 1151: 1150: 1143: 1136: 1128: 1125: 1124: 1123: 1122: 1107: 1106: 1103: 1102: 1096: 1095: 1094: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1068: 1063: 1062: 1061: 1056: 1046: 1041: 1036: 1030: 1029: 1028: 1027: 1022: 1017: 1009: 1008: 1003: 997: 994:Related topics 992: 991: 988: 987: 984: 983: 978: 976:Social welfare 973: 968: 967: 966: 956: 951: 946: 941: 936: 931: 926: 921: 916: 911: 906: 901: 896: 891: 886: 881: 876: 871: 870: 869: 864: 854: 853: 852: 842: 837: 832: 827: 822: 817: 812: 806: 797: 796: 793: 792: 789: 788: 783: 778: 773: 768: 762: 761: 754: 747: 739: 738: 733: 727: 722: 721: 718: 717: 714: 713: 705: 696: 695: 689: 681: 673: 664: 663: 643: 635: 632: 631: 626: 620: 619: 618: 615: 614: 611: 610: 605: 600: 594: 593: 588: 582: 577: 576: 573: 572: 569: 568: 566:Predestination 562: 561: 556: 550: 549: 547:Revealed Books 544: 538: 537: 527: 522: 521: 518: 517: 509: 508: 502: 501: 489: 488: 486: 485: 478: 471: 463: 460: 459: 458: 457: 452: 444: 443: 440: 439: 434: 429: 424: 418: 414: 413: 412: 409: 408: 405: 404: 399: 393: 389: 388: 387: 384: 383: 380: 379: 378: 377: 367: 364: 363: 357: 356: 351: 346: 341: 335: 329: 328: 327: 324: 323: 320: 319: 318: 317: 312: 301: 295: 294: 293: 290: 289: 286: 285: 280: 274: 273: 268: 262: 261: 256: 250: 244: 243: 242: 239: 238: 235: 234: 229: 224: 218: 217: 212: 207: 201: 200: 195: 190: 185: 179: 175: 174: 173: 170: 169: 166: 165: 158: 153: 147: 146: 145: 144: 139: 134: 123: 119: 118: 117: 114: 113: 110: 109: 104: 99: 94: 88: 87: 83: 82: 76: 75: 74: 73: 71:Asbab al-Nuzul 68: 57: 51: 50: 49: 46: 45: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6876: 6865: 6862: 6860: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6851: 6849: 6834: 6826: 6824: 6814: 6813: 6810: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6754: 6751: 6750: 6749: 6746: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6736:Post-Islamism 6734: 6732: 6729: 6728: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6719: 6715: 6712: 6710: 6707: 6706: 6705: 6702: 6701: 6699: 6695: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6670: 6668: 6666: 6662: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6629: 6628:Protestantism 6626: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6616: 6615: 6614: 6611: 6610: 6608: 6606: 6602: 6598: 6588: 6584: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6564: 6560: 6558: 6555: 6551: 6548: 6547: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6517: 6515: 6511: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6486: 6484: 6482: 6478: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6466:Ophthalmology 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6433: 6431: 6429: 6425: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6380: 6378: 6376: 6372: 6368: 6364: 6356: 6352: 6338: 6335: 6331: 6330: 6326: 6325: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6307: 6304: 6303: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6296: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6284: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6272: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6230: 6226: 6224: 6223: 6219: 6215: 6214:Death penalty 6212: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6201: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6189: 6185: 6184: 6182: 6180:Other aspects 6178: 6172: 6171: 6167: 6165: 6164: 6160: 6158: 6157: 6153: 6151: 6150: 6146: 6144: 6143: 6139: 6137: 6136: 6132: 6130: 6129: 6125: 6124: 6122: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6103: 6100: 6094: 6093: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6081: 6077: 6075: 6074: 6070: 6068: 6067: 6063: 6061: 6060: 6056: 6055: 6053: 6051: 6047: 6041: 6040: 6036: 6034: 6033: 6029: 6027: 6026: 6022: 6020: 6019: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6004: 6002: 6000: 5996: 5992: 5985: 5984:Jurisprudence 5982: 5980: 5977: 5976: 5972: 5968: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5932: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5857: 5855: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5842: 5841: 5838: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5820: 5817: 5816: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5803: 5800: 5796: 5793: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5775: 5774: 5771: 5770: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5762: 5761: 5757: 5754: 5750: 5747: 5743: 5740: 5739: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5719: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5704: 5701: 5700: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5675: 5674: 5671: 5670: 5668: 5666: 5665:Denominations 5662: 5656: 5655: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5630: 5628: 5626: 5622: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5578: 5574: 5573: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5561: 5557: 5555: 5554: 5550: 5548: 5545: 5543: 5540: 5538: 5535: 5533: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5524: 5522: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5508: 5505: 5499: 5498: 5494: 5492: 5491: 5487: 5485: 5484: 5480: 5478: 5477: 5473: 5471: 5470: 5466: 5465: 5463: 5461: 5457: 5451: 5450:Holiest sites 5448: 5446: 5445:Judgement Day 5443: 5441: 5440: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5417: 5414: 5413: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5406: 5402: 5398: 5395: 5394: 5393: 5390: 5389: 5387: 5385: 5381: 5377: 5373: 5372: 5366: 5361: 5354: 5349: 5347: 5342: 5340: 5335: 5334: 5331: 5319: 5316: 5315: 5312: 5305: 5304: 5300: 5297: 5296: 5292: 5289: 5288: 5284: 5281: 5280: 5276: 5273: 5272: 5268: 5265: 5264: 5260: 5257: 5256: 5252: 5251: 5249: 5247: 5243: 5236: 5235: 5231: 5228: 5227: 5223: 5220: 5219: 5215: 5212: 5211: 5207: 5206: 5204: 5202: 5198: 5191: 5190: 5186: 5183: 5182: 5178: 5175: 5174: 5173:Tafsir Roshan 5170: 5167: 5166: 5162: 5159: 5158: 5154: 5151: 5150: 5146: 5143: 5142: 5138: 5135: 5134: 5130: 5127: 5126: 5122: 5119: 5118: 5114: 5111: 5110: 5106: 5103: 5102: 5098: 5095: 5094: 5090: 5087: 5086: 5082: 5079: 5078: 5074: 5071: 5070: 5069:Tafsir Shobar 5066: 5063: 5062: 5058: 5055: 5054: 5050: 5047: 5046: 5042: 5039: 5038: 5034: 5031: 5030: 5026: 5023: 5022: 5018: 5015: 5014: 5010: 5007: 5006: 5005:Tafsir Numani 5002: 4999: 4998: 4994: 4991: 4990: 4986: 4983: 4982: 4978: 4975: 4974: 4970: 4967: 4966: 4962: 4959: 4958: 4954: 4951: 4950: 4946: 4945: 4943: 4941: 4937: 4930: 4929: 4925: 4924: 4922: 4920: 4916: 4909: 4908: 4904: 4901: 4898: 4895: 4894: 4890: 4887: 4886: 4882: 4879: 4878: 4874: 4871: 4870: 4866: 4863: 4862: 4858: 4855: 4854: 4850: 4847: 4846: 4845:Noor ul-Irfan 4842: 4839: 4838: 4837:Tafsir Naeemi 4834: 4831: 4830: 4826: 4823: 4822: 4818: 4815: 4814: 4810: 4807: 4806: 4802: 4799: 4798: 4794: 4791: 4790: 4786: 4783: 4782: 4778: 4775: 4774: 4770: 4767: 4766: 4762: 4759: 4758: 4754: 4751: 4750: 4746: 4743: 4742: 4738: 4735: 4734: 4730: 4727: 4726: 4722: 4719: 4718: 4714: 4711: 4710: 4706: 4703: 4702: 4698: 4695: 4694: 4690: 4687: 4686: 4682: 4679: 4678: 4674: 4671: 4670: 4666: 4665: 4663: 4661: 4657: 4653: 4646: 4641: 4639: 4634: 4632: 4627: 4626: 4623: 4605: 4601: 4597: 4591: 4583: 4581:9781942043041 4577: 4573: 4566: 4558: 4551: 4543: 4537: 4533: 4526: 4519: 4515: 4510: 4502: 4496: 4492: 4491: 4483: 4475: 4469: 4465: 4464: 4456: 4448: 4442: 4439:. Routledge. 4438: 4437: 4429: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4408: 4394: 4390: 4384: 4382: 4380: 4378: 4369: 4367:9789004217768 4363: 4359: 4355: 4348: 4333: 4327: 4320: 4316: 4310: 4303: 4299: 4293: 4284: 4282: 4280: 4270: 4261: 4259: 4249: 4247: 4245: 4243: 4241: 4231: 4224: 4223:9781136646515 4220: 4216: 4210: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4189: 4187: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4165: 4156: 4154: 4152: 4150: 4142: 4141:9780857723383 4138: 4134: 4128: 4121: 4120:9781136115226 4117: 4113: 4110:Herbert Berg 4107: 4100: 4094: 4079: 4075: 4068: 4059: 4044: 4040: 4034: 4019: 4015: 4009: 3994: 3990: 3984: 3969: 3965: 3959: 3950: 3941: 3939: 3922: 3918: 3916:9789675062278 3912: 3908: 3907: 3899: 3891: 3885: 3881: 3874: 3866: 3860: 3856: 3849: 3841: 3835: 3831: 3824: 3816: 3809: 3801: 3795: 3791: 3784: 3776: 3770: 3766: 3759: 3751: 3745: 3741: 3734: 3726: 3720: 3716: 3709: 3701: 3695: 3691: 3684: 3676: 3669: 3667: 3665: 3655: 3647: 3641: 3637: 3636: 3628: 3619: 3610: 3595: 3591: 3585: 3578: 3572: 3570: 3568: 3566: 3564: 3562: 3560: 3558: 3556: 3554: 3552: 3550: 3548: 3546: 3544: 3539: 3529: 3526: 3524: 3521: 3519: 3516: 3514: 3511: 3508: 3505: 3504: 3498: 3496: 3495: 3494:Tafsir Naeemi 3490: 3486: 3485: 3480: 3473:Comprehensive 3470: 3461: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3450:Zad al-Maseer 3447: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3402: 3391: 3388: 3380: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3356: 3355: 3351: 3346:This section 3344: 3340: 3335: 3334: 3326: 3324: 3320: 3319: 3314: 3301:Methodologies 3298: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3243: 3239: 3238: 3237:Tafsir Naeemi 3234: 3231: 3227: 3226: 3222: 3219: 3215: 3212: 3210:(d. 606/1209) 3209: 3205: 3199: 3197:(d. 465/1072) 3196: 3192: 3189: 3187:(d. 412/1021) 3186: 3182: 3179: 3176: 3172: 3169: 3168: 3167: 3164: 3161: 3157: 3152: 3141: 3139: 3135: 3132: 3128: 3123: 3113: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3090: 3088: 3084: 3083: 3078: 3074: 3073: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3029: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3010: 3004: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2993:Amin al-Khuli 2990: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2973: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2942: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2902: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2890: 2885: 2884: 2879: 2878: 2873: 2869: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2844: 2842: 2836: 2826: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2811: 2805: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2790: 2785: 2784:Meccan verses 2781: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2764: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2746: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2735: 2730: 2726: 2725: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2711:Ibn Taymiyyah 2708: 2699: 2692: 2688: 2686: 2681: 2677: 2676: 2671: 2667: 2660: 2656: 2651: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2631: 2625: 2624:Arabic poetry 2621: 2614: 2612: 2606: 2604: 2603: 2602:Sahih Bukhari 2598: 2597: 2592: 2591: 2586: 2585: 2579: 2577: 2573: 2572: 2567: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2553: 2546: 2544: 2540: 2539: 2534: 2533: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2519: 2514: 2510: 2509: 2504: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2476: 2472: 2467: 2461: 2458: 2452: 2443: 2439: 2431: 2427: 2421: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2387: 2386: 2381: 2380: 2379:Ilm al-Aqa'id 2375: 2371: 2368: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2354: 2351: 2347: 2344: 2340: 2337: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2323: 2320: 2316: 2313: 2311:rhetoric) and 2309: 2306: 2303: 2299: 2296: 2292: 2289: 2288: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2281:jurisprudence 2278: 2274: 2270: 2265: 2259: 2250: 2242: 2238: 2236: 2230: 2218: 2213: 2211: 2206: 2204: 2199: 2198: 2196: 2195: 2190: 2187: 2185: 2182: 2180: 2177: 2175: 2172: 2170: 2167: 2165: 2162: 2160: 2157: 2155: 2152: 2150: 2147: 2145: 2142: 2140: 2137: 2135: 2132: 2130: 2127: 2125: 2122: 2120: 2117: 2115: 2112: 2110: 2107: 2105: 2102: 2100: 2097: 2095: 2092: 2090: 2087: 2085: 2082: 2080: 2077: 2075: 2072: 2070: 2067: 2065: 2062: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2052: 2050: 2047: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2037: 2035: 2032: 2030: 2027: 2025: 2022: 2020: 2017: 2015: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2005: 2004:Seghatoleslam 2002: 2000: 1997: 1995: 1992: 1990: 1987: 1985: 1982: 1980: 1977: 1975: 1972: 1970: 1967: 1965: 1962: 1960: 1957: 1955: 1952: 1950: 1947: 1945: 1942: 1940: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1930: 1927: 1926: 1925: 1924: 1920: 1919: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1846: 1844: 1841: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1781: 1779: 1776: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1765: 1764: 1763: 1760: 1759: 1755: 1754: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1724: 1721: 1719: 1716: 1714: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1680: 1679: 1678: 1675: 1674: 1670: 1669: 1666: 1665: 1661: 1660: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1648: 1640: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1617: 1612: 1607: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1567: 1561: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1541: 1535: 1533: 1532: 1527: 1523: 1522:ibn Taymiyyah 1518: 1514: 1503: 1500: 1492: 1481: 1478: 1474: 1471: 1467: 1464: 1460: 1457: 1453: 1450: – 1449: 1445: 1444:Find sources: 1438: 1434: 1428: 1427: 1422:This article 1420: 1416: 1411: 1410: 1402: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1386: 1380: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1361: 1357: 1355: 1343: 1341: 1338:, and modern 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1304: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1266:jurisprudence 1263: 1259: 1254: 1252: 1248: 1244: 1241:). A Quranic 1239: 1233: 1224: 1216: 1212: 1211: 1209: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1189: 1183: 1179: 1173: 1164: 1160: 1149: 1144: 1142: 1137: 1135: 1130: 1129: 1127: 1126: 1121: 1111: 1110: 1109: 1108: 1101: 1098: 1097: 1092: 1091:Military laws 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1073: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1060: 1057: 1055: 1052: 1051: 1050: 1047: 1045: 1042: 1040: 1037: 1035: 1032: 1031: 1026: 1023: 1021: 1018: 1016: 1013: 1012: 1011: 1010: 1007: 1004: 1002: 999: 998: 995: 990: 989: 982: 979: 977: 974: 972: 969: 965: 962: 961: 960: 957: 955: 952: 950: 949:Proselytizing 947: 945: 942: 940: 937: 935: 932: 930: 927: 925: 922: 920: 917: 915: 912: 910: 907: 905: 902: 900: 897: 895: 892: 890: 887: 885: 882: 880: 877: 875: 872: 868: 865: 863: 860: 859: 858: 857:Denominations 855: 851: 848: 847: 846: 843: 841: 838: 836: 833: 831: 828: 826: 823: 821: 818: 816: 813: 811: 808: 807: 804: 800: 795: 794: 787: 784: 782: 779: 777: 774: 772: 769: 767: 764: 763: 760: 759: 755: 753: 752: 748: 746: 745: 741: 740: 737: 734: 732: 729: 728: 725: 720: 719: 712: 710: 706: 704: 702: 698: 697: 693: 690: 688: 686: 682: 680: 678: 674: 672: 670: 666: 665: 661: 660: 655: 654: 649: 648: 644: 642: 641: 637: 636: 630: 627: 625: 622: 621: 617: 616: 609: 606: 604: 601: 599: 596: 595: 592: 589: 587: 584: 583: 580: 575: 574: 567: 564: 563: 560: 557: 555: 552: 551: 548: 545: 543: 540: 539: 536: 532: 529: 528: 525: 520: 519: 515: 511: 510: 507: 504: 503: 499: 495: 494: 484: 479: 477: 472: 470: 465: 464: 462: 461: 456: 453: 451: 448: 447: 446: 445: 438: 435: 433: 430: 428: 425: 423: 420: 419: 411: 410: 403: 400: 398: 395: 394: 386: 385: 376: 373: 372: 370: 366: 365: 362: 359: 358: 355: 352: 350: 347: 345: 342: 340: 337: 336: 332: 326: 325: 316: 313: 311: 308: 307: 306: 303: 302: 298: 292: 291: 284: 281: 279: 276: 275: 272: 269: 267: 264: 263: 260: 257: 255: 252: 251: 247: 241: 240: 233: 230: 228: 225: 223: 220: 219: 216: 213: 211: 208: 206: 203: 202: 199: 196: 194: 191: 189: 188:No compulsion 186: 184: 181: 180: 172: 171: 164: 163: 159: 157: 154: 152: 149: 148: 143: 140: 138: 135: 133: 130: 129: 128: 125: 124: 116: 115: 108: 105: 103: 100: 98: 95: 93: 90: 89: 85: 84: 81: 78: 77: 72: 69: 67: 64: 63: 62: 59: 58: 54: 48: 47: 44: 41: 40: 37: 33: 19: 6748:Islamophobia 6613:Christianity 6561: 6494:Contemporary 6388:Architecture 6327: 6293: 6281: 6269: 6227: 6220: 6186: 6168: 6163:Nikah mut'ah 6161: 6154: 6147: 6140: 6133: 6126: 6090: 6078: 6071: 6064: 6057: 6037: 6030: 6023: 6016: 5929: 5652: 5642: 5576: 5558: 5551: 5495: 5488: 5481: 5474: 5467: 5460:Five Pillars 5437: 5403: 5392:God in Islam 5369: 5301: 5293: 5285: 5277: 5269: 5261: 5253: 5232: 5224: 5216: 5208: 5187: 5179: 5171: 5163: 5155: 5147: 5139: 5131: 5123: 5115: 5107: 5099: 5091: 5085:Tafsir Novin 5083: 5075: 5067: 5059: 5051: 5043: 5035: 5029:Tafsir Gazur 5027: 5019: 5011: 5003: 4995: 4987: 4979: 4971: 4963: 4955: 4947: 4928:Al-Kashshaaf 4926: 4905: 4891: 4883: 4877:Risale-i Nur 4875: 4867: 4859: 4851: 4843: 4835: 4827: 4819: 4811: 4803: 4795: 4787: 4779: 4771: 4763: 4755: 4747: 4739: 4731: 4723: 4715: 4707: 4699: 4691: 4683: 4675: 4667: 4651: 4608:. Retrieved 4599: 4590: 4571: 4565: 4556: 4550: 4531: 4525: 4513: 4509: 4489: 4482: 4466:. Springer. 4462: 4455: 4435: 4428: 4412: 4407: 4396:. Retrieved 4392: 4357: 4347: 4336:. Retrieved 4334:. 2023-05-17 4326: 4309: 4292: 4269: 4230: 4214: 4209: 4193: 4169: 4164: 4132: 4127: 4111: 4106: 4098: 4093: 4082:. Retrieved 4067: 4058: 4047:. Retrieved 4033: 4022:. Retrieved 4008: 3997:. Retrieved 3983: 3972:. Retrieved 3958: 3949: 3925:. Retrieved 3905: 3898: 3879: 3873: 3854: 3848: 3829: 3823: 3814: 3808: 3789: 3783: 3764: 3758: 3739: 3733: 3714: 3708: 3689: 3683: 3674: 3654: 3634: 3627: 3618: 3609: 3598:. Retrieved 3584: 3576: 3492: 3484:Tafsir Kabir 3482: 3476: 3467: 3454:ibn al-Jawzi 3449: 3441: 3429: 3421: 3409: 3400: 3398: 3383: 3374: 3359:Please help 3347: 3316: 3312: 3309: 3294: 3290: 3285: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3262: 3252: 3235: 3223: 3213: 3200: 3190: 3180: 3177:(d. 283/896) 3170: 3165: 3150: 3147: 3133: 3130: 3126: 3119: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3093: 3091: 3080: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3054: 3038: 3035: 3021: 3013: 3007: 3005: 2985:tafsir 'ilmi 2984: 2974: 2969: 2957: 2949: 2945: 2943: 2938: 2934: 2929:(1445–1505) 2917: 2913: 2909: 2906:Ibn Taimiyya 2903: 2897: 2893: 2887: 2881: 2875: 2871: 2866:The time of 2865: 2838: 2822: 2818: 2808: 2806: 2793: 2787: 2767: 2761: 2757: 2752:, including 2747: 2742: 2732: 2722: 2718: 2706: 2703: 2690: 2679: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2664: 2658: 2654: 2642: 2628: 2622:. Classical 2616: 2608: 2600: 2594: 2588: 2582: 2580: 2575: 2569: 2565: 2550: 2547: 2537: 2531: 2526: 2516: 2506: 2502: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2480: 2474: 2470: 2456: 2437: 2425: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2396: 2385:Ilm al-Kalam 2383: 2377: 2369: 2355: 2345: 2338: 2324: 2314: 2307: 2297: 2294:consistency. 2290: 2285: 2232: 2231:is called a 2228: 2226: 2068: 1882: 1756: 1671: 1664:Usul al-Fiqh 1662: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1614: 1610: 1608: 1595: 1579: 1574: 1570: 1564: 1562: 1556: 1544: 1538: 1536: 1529: 1512: 1510: 1495: 1486: 1476: 1469: 1462: 1455: 1443: 1431:Please help 1426:verification 1423: 1382: 1368: 1351: 1349: 1339: 1327: 1307: 1305: 1296: 1292: 1277: 1273: 1257: 1255: 1242: 1205: 1204: 1200: 1187: 1158: 1157: 1066:Islamophobia 845:Demographics 840:Circumcision 756: 749: 742: 708: 700: 684: 676: 668: 667: 657: 651: 645: 638: 455:Islam portal 344:Hermeneutics 330: 297:Translations 160: 36: 6618:Catholicism 6513:Other areas 6504:Theological 6499:Eschatology 6456:Mathematics 6393:Calligraphy 6323:Theological 6277:Inheritance 6194:Cleanliness 5566:Shi'a Imams 5560:Ahl al-Bayt 5298:(1904-1997) 5282:(1942-1972) 5274:(1865-1935) 5266:(1951-1965) 5165:Tafsir Noor 5136:(1892–1981) 5128:(1877–1983) 5088:(1907~1987) 5053:Tafsir Safi 5040:(1375~1376) 5032:(1377~1341) 4973:Tafsir Qomi 4880:(1910-1950) 4840:(1941-1971) 4816:(1934-1938) 4808:(1918–1998) 4768:(1460–1505) 4600:tafsirs.com 4423:pp. 446–449 4393:ismaili.net 4143:pp. 104-105 4122:pp. 120-128 4039:"Al-Mawrid" 3927:18 December 3273:Edip Yüksel 3195:al-Qushayri 3077:Shaykh Tusi 3026:Pierre Godé 2997:Sayyid Qutb 2966:Al-Shawkānī 2927:Al-Suyuti's 2630:Isra'iliyat 2543:Isra'iliyat 2269:linguistics 1984:Grand Mufti 1616:muhaddithun 1334:during the 1316:Sunni Islam 1262:linguistics 1249:'s will in 1188:explanation 1185:; English: 744:Ahl al-Bayt 629:Foundations 349:Esotericism 227:Eschatology 86:Manuscripts 80:Historicity 6848:Categories 6678:Ex-Muslims 6563:Shu'ubiyya 6557:Psychology 6545:Literature 6535:Inventions 6481:Philosophy 6289:Leadership 6265:Honorifics 5920:Philosophy 5727:Isma'ilism 5688:Maturidism 5571:Caliphates 5542:Golden Age 5433:Revelation 4610:2018-07-29 4520:, Malaysia 4398:2022-02-11 4338:2023-07-31 4225:chapter 11 4084:2016-04-03 4049:2009-10-07 4024:2013-07-21 3999:2010-11-12 3974:2010-11-12 3600:2010-11-11 3534:References 3464:Linguistic 3434:al-Qurtubi 3377:March 2019 3175:al-Tustari 3065:and their 2958:Qādīzādali 2954:Kadizadeli 2922:Ibn Kathir 2874:, such as 2833:See also: 2754:morphology 2729:al-Baydawi 2687:verse 29: 2561:narratives 2523:ibn Kathir 2393:Principles 2342:consensus. 2264:mufassirūn 2247:; plural: 2139:Mujahideen 1633:mufassirun 1489:April 2022 1459:newspapers 1320:Shia Islam 1314:, such as 1289:companions 1238:mufassirūn 1221:; plural: 934:Philosophy 671:(exegesis) 608:Pilgrimage 598:Almsgiving 437:Shi’a view 354:Abrogation 162:Muqatta'at 6795:Symbolism 6753:Incidents 6731:Criticism 6623:Mormonism 6520:Astrology 6446:Cosmology 6441:Astronomy 6383:Arabesque 6250:Etiquette 6209:Blasphemy 5999:Economics 5814:Ahmadiyya 5756:Muhakkima 5703:Wahhabism 5693:Mu'tazili 5678:Ash'arism 4997:Al-Burhan 4952:(662~727) 4919:Mu'tazili 3497:in Urdu. 3479:Imam Razi 3414:al-Jassas 3348:does not 3185:al-Sulami 3122:Mu'tazila 3116:Mu'tazila 3063:mufassirs 3059:Mu'tazili 2643:midrashim 2513:al-Tabari 2492:connotes 2258:romanized 2119:Ulu'l-amr 2094:Muhaddith 1999:Ayatollah 1974:Mohyeddin 1863:Istishhad 1858:Istighfar 1773:Mustahabb 1553:ibn Abbas 1350:The word 1346:Etymology 1232:romanized 1172:romanized 1054:terrorism 1006:Criticism 959:Sexuality 929:Mysticism 899:Festivals 879:Education 874:Economics 810:Academics 766:Caliphate 579:Practices 422:Criticism 402:Inerrancy 315:Ahmadiyya 120:Divisions 6833:Category 6726:Islamism 6709:Muhammad 6665:Apostasy 6640:Hinduism 6530:Feminism 6461:Medicine 6301:Military 6255:Gambling 6204:Apostasy 6199:Criminal 6111:Marriage 6080:Tayammum 6032:Murabaha 5905:Madrasas 5895:Holidays 5885:Clothing 5880:Children 5875:Calendar 5826:Quranism 5760:Khawarij 5732:Alawites 5683:Atharism 5577:Rashidun 5416:In Islam 5411:Muhammad 4604:Archived 4389:"TAFSIR" 4204:page 632 4180:page 115 4078:Archived 4043:Archived 4018:Archived 3993:Archived 3968:Archived 3921:Archived 3594:Archived 3509:(Ta'wil) 3501:See also 3249:Quranist 3160:Isma'ili 2721:include 2694:— 2639:biblical 2538:tabi'iun 2277:theology 2273:rhetoric 2235:mufassir 2189:al-Dawla 2129:Mu'azzin 2114:Marabout 2099:Mujaddid 2069:Mufassir 1994:Mujtahid 1723:Madrasah 1713:Istishab 1708:Istihsan 1703:Istihlal 1698:Ikhtilaf 1652:a series 1650:Part of 1643:Criteria 1549:Abu Bakr 1448:"Tafsir" 1287:and his 1285:Muhammad 1270:theology 1208:mufassir 1193:exegesis 1100:Glossary 1076:Jihadism 1049:Violence 1044:Islamism 1015:Muhammad 1001:Apostasy 944:Politics 894:Feminism 889:Exorcism 850:Diaspora 835:Children 830:Calendar 758:Rashidun 736:Muhammad 731:Timeline 692:Mathnawi 554:Prophets 498:a series 496:Part of 450:Category 432:Quranism 331:Exegesis 215:Parables 210:Miracles 183:Prophets 6780:Nursing 6741:Qutbism 6655:Sikhism 6650:Judaism 6645:Jainism 6635:Druzism 6471:Physics 6418:Pottery 6403:Gardens 6398:Carpets 6313:Slavery 6235:Divorce 6222:Dhabiĥa 6050:Hygiene 6025:Takaful 6007:Banking 5937:Science 5931:Qurbani 5900:Mosques 5860:Animals 5849:Culture 5783:Nukkari 5778:Azzabas 5765:Azariqa 5749:Zaydism 5737:Alevism 5613:Ottoman 5603:Almohad 5598:Fatimid 5593:Córdoba 5588:Abbasid 5583:Umayyad 5516:Leaders 5511:History 5469:Shahada 5384:Beliefs 5306:(1944~) 5229:(1940~) 5176:(~1999) 5144:(1976~) 5120:(~1979) 5104:(1933~) 5096:(1926~) 5080:(~1899) 5072:(~1826) 5064:(~1680) 5056:(~1680) 5048:(~1499) 5024:(~1199) 5016:(~1150) 5008:(~1099) 5000:(~1099) 4992:(~1067) 4984:(~1067) 4931:(~1144) 4910:(~2009) 4902:(~2006) 4872:(~1984) 4864:(~1982) 4856:(~1976) 4824:(~1930) 4800:(~1854) 4792:(~1810) 4784:(~1809) 4776:(~1505) 4760:(~1370) 4752:(~1357] 4744:(~1328) 4736:(~1286) 4728:(~1273) 4720:(~1209) 4712:(~1147) 4704:(~1122) 4696:(~1035) 3446:Shafi'i 3406:madhhab 3401:tafsir, 3369:removed 3354:sources 3110:tafsirs 3055:tafsirs 3043:imamate 3039:tafsirs 3032:Shi'ite 3022:tafsirs 2939:hadiths 2914:tafsirs 2910:Tafsirs 2872:tafsirs 2815:shariah 2810:maqasid 2768:tafsirs 2743:maqasid 2719:tafsirs 2715:Wahhabi 2707:ijtihad 2675:ijtihad 2611:Tābi‘un 2590:tabi‘un 2584:Ṣaḥābah 2532:sahabah 2453: 2436:)) and 2422: 2374:aqeedah 2333:tabi'un 2260:: 2253:مفسّرون 2174:Tabi'un 2169:Sahabah 2074:Murshid 2059:Mawlānā 2054:Khawaja 2044:Mawlawi 1969:Allamah 1903:Tazkiah 1893:Taqiyya 1848:Hirabah 1813:Fahisha 1728:Maslaha 1718:Madhhab 1693:Ijtihad 1566:tabi'in 1560:Quran. 1540:sahabah 1526:Ghazali 1473:scholar 1405:History 1395:Quranic 1385:fassara 1328:tafsirs 1308:tafsirs 1234:: 1227:مفسّرون 1174:: 971:Slavery 954:Science 909:Madrasa 904:Finance 815:Animals 803:society 799:Culture 771:Imamate 751:Sahabah 724:History 694:(Poems) 679:(creed) 603:Fasting 531:Oneness 524:Beliefs 415:Related 310:English 283:Qira'at 271:Tarteel 246:Reading 222:Science 205:Legends 198:Animals 176:Content 142:Medinan 53:History 18:Tafseer 6592: 6550:poetry 6360: 6245:Ethics 6229:Dhimmi 6188:Baligh 6149:Mahram 6106:Family 6086:Toilet 6066:Miswak 5819:Lahori 5802:Najdat 5698:Salafi 5648:Seerah 5643:Tafsir 5638:Hadith 5608:Sokoto 5553:Sahaba 5428:Angels 5405:Tawhid 5362:topics 5290:(1983) 5258:(1980) 5246:Others 5237:(1963) 5221:(1940) 5213:(1914) 5201:Ahmadi 5184:(2014) 5168:(1997) 5160:(1992) 5152:(1984) 5112:(1973) 4976:(~920) 4968:(~920) 4960:(~900) 4896:(2001) 4888:(1992) 4848:(1957) 4832:(1941) 4688:(~944) 4680:(~922) 4578: 4538: 4497: 4470: 4443: 4419: 4364: 4317: 4304:p. 478 4300: 4221: 4200: 4176: 4139: 4118: 3964:"Cmje" 3913: 3886: 3861: 3836: 3796: 3771: 3746: 3721: 3696: 3642: 3440:, and 3399:Legal 3313:tafsir 3289:wrote 3263:tafsir 3156:Sufism 3151:hadith 3131:tafsir 3127:tafsir 3106:tafsir 3102:tafsir 3094:tafsir 3067:tafsir 2970:salafi 2946:tafsir 2931:tafsir 2918:sunnah 2898:tafsir 2780:Medina 2758:tafsir 2696:Quran 2576:tafsir 2566:tafsir 2498:tafsir 2494:tafsir 2460:Arabic 2442:Arabic 2430:Arabic 2411:Arabic 2403:Tafsir 2399:tafsir 2329:sahaba 2302:Sunnah 2249:Arabic 2245:مُفسّر 2241:Arabic 2229:tafsir 2149:Shahid 2109:Sheikh 2089:Akhund 2049:Khatib 2034:Mullah 2009:Marja' 1964:Faqeeh 1954:Hadrat 1949:Ashraf 1944:Sharif 1939:Sayyid 1929:Caliph 1908:Thawab 1898:Tawbah 1888:Taghut 1883:Tafsir 1878:Sunnah 1833:Ghibah 1808:Bid'ah 1798:Baligh 1788:Makruh 1738:Taqlid 1683:Ijazah 1637:tafsir 1629:tafsir 1625:tafsir 1621:tafsir 1611:tafsir 1596:tafsir 1588:Medina 1580:tafsir 1575:tafsir 1571:tafsir 1557:tafsir 1545:tafsir 1531:hadith 1517:verses 1513:tafsir 1475: 1468: 1461: 1454: 1446: 1354:tafsīr 1340:tafsir 1324:Sufism 1322:, and 1297:tafsir 1295:(lit. 1291:, and 1274:tafsir 1268:, and 1258:tafsir 1243:tafsir 1223:Arabic 1219:مُفسّر 1215:Arabic 1201:tafsir 1178:tafsīr 1163:Arabic 1159:Tafsir 1025:Hadith 939:Poetry 919:Mosque 884:Ethics 709:Sharia 677:Aqidah 669:Tafsir 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