Quran - Knowledge

5363: 5012: 1806: 4800: 4812: 6402: 2647: 5627: 4832: 6095: 4750: 5711: 6114: 2424: 4774: 4731: 6129: 5362: 1729:, an early form of written Arabic. This possibly was one of the earliest extant exemplars of the Quran, but as the tests allow a range of possible dates, it cannot be said with certainty which of the existing versions is the oldest. Saudi scholar Saud al-Sarhan has expressed doubt over the age of the fragments as they contain dots and chapter separators that are believed to have originated later. The Birmingham manuscript caused excitement amongst believers because of its potential overlapping with the dominant tradition over the lifetime of 5679: 75: 7314:"The final process of collection and codification of the Quran text was guided by one over-arching principle: God's words must not in any way be distorted or sullied by human intervention. For this reason, no serious attempt, apparently, was made to edit the numerous revelations, organize them into thematic units, or present them in chronological order... This has given rise in the past to a great deal of criticism by European and American scholars of Islam, who find the Quran disorganized, repetitive and very difficult to read." 5860: 5218: 10496:," as the destroyer of the shari'a and leader of the dissemblers, who represent "the collective personality of the Sufyan.".. In the same context, he then employs the Hadith metaphorically to pinpoint the specific forms in which he sees these evil forces at work in Turkish society at the time: naturalist and materialist philosophies, individualism, self-aggrandizement, and hybris, including the hybris of a "tyrannical leader" figure who falsely but seductively claims to possess an almost god-like status. The figure of the 7360:"at imperial expense, a 'Tatar and Turkish Typography' was established in St. Petersburg; a domestic scholar, Mullah Osman Ismail, was responsible for the manufacture of the types. One of the first products of this printing house was the Qur'ān. Through the doctor and writer, Johann Georg v. Zimmermann (d. 1795), who was befriended by Catherine II, a copy of the publication arrived in the Göttingen University library. Its director, the philologist Christian Gottlob Heyne (d. 1812), presented the work immediately in the 1476:, had caused some confusion and differences in the pronunciation of the Qur'an, and conflict was arising between different Arab tribes due to some claiming to be more superior to other Arab tribes and non-Arabs based on dialect, Which Uthman noticed. In order to preserve the sanctity of the text, he ordered a committee headed by Zayd to use Abu Bakr's copy and prepare a standard text of the Quran. Thus, within 20 years of Muhammad's death in 632, the complete Quran was committed to written form as the 1451:, early Muslim narratives about the collection and compilation of the Quran sometimes contradict themselves: "Most ... make Uthman little more than an editor, but there are some in which he appears very much a collector, appealing to people to bring him any bit of the Quran they happen to possess." Some accounts also "suggest that in fact the material" Abu Bakr worked with "had already been assembled", which since he was the first caliph, would mean they were collected when Muhammad was still alive. 4278: 5639: 1612: 6168: 6695: 4867: 3435: 6681: 4852: 6147: 3343:, acknowledges Brown's observation that the seeming disorganization of Quranic literary expression—its scattered or fragmented mode of composition in Sells's phrase—is in fact a literary device capable of delivering profound effects as if the intensity of the prophetic message were shattering the vehicle of human language in which it was being communicated. Sells also addresses the much-discussed repetitiveness of the Quran, seeing this, too, as a literary device. 5691: 1426:) was the person to collect the Quran since "he used to write the Divine Inspiration for Allah's Apostle". Thus, a group of scribes, most importantly Zayd, collected the verses and produced a hand-written manuscript of the complete book. The manuscript according to Zayd remained with Abu Bakr until he died. Zayd's reaction to the task and the difficulties in collecting the Quranic material from parchments, palm-leaf stalks, thin stones (collectively known as 20997: 4485: 3378:) in a self-designating manner (explicitly asserting its Divinity, "And this is a blessed Remembrance that We have sent down; so are you now denying it?"), or in the frequent appearance of the "Say" tags, when Muhammad is commanded to speak (e.g., "Say: 'God's guidance is the true guidance'", "Say: 'Would you then dispute with us concerning God?'"). According to Wild the Quran is highly self-referential. The feature is more evident in early Meccan suras. 7252:"God's Apostle replied, 'Sometimes it is (revealed) like the ringing of a bell, this form of Inspiration is the hardest of all and then this state passes off after I have grasped what is inspired. Sometimes the Angel comes in the form of a man and talks to me and I grasp whatever he says.' ʻAisha added: Verily I saw the Prophet being inspired Divinely on a very cold day and noticed the Sweat dropping from his forehead (as the Inspiration was over)." 1490: 217: 195: 7351:"the major Ottoman printing houses published a combined total of only 142 books in more than a century of printing between 1727 and 1838. When taken in conjunction with the fact that only a minuscule number of copies of each book were printed, this statistic demonstrates that the introduction of the printing press did not transform Ottoman cultural life until the emergence of vibrant print media in the middle of the nineteenth century" 2212: 2860: 5655: 7364:(28 July 1788); therein he pointed especially to the beauty of the Arabic types. To the Arabic text marginal glosses have been added that consist predominantly of reading variants. The imprint was reproduced unchanged in 1790 and 1793 in St. Petersburg (cf. Schnurrer, Bibliotheca arabica, no. 384); later, after the transfer of the printing house to Kazan, editions appeared in different formats and with varying presentation 2024: 20986: 6667: 4234: 10391:(Applications nos. 41340/98, 41342/98, 41343/98 and 41344/98), Judgment, Strasbourg, 13 February 2003, No. 123 (siehe S. 39): "sharia is incompatible with the fundamental principles of democracy, since principles such as pluralism in the political sphere and the constant evolution of public freedoms have no place in it and a regime based on sharia clearly diverges from Convention values"; see Alastair Mowbray, 3633: 3068: 8905: – 2008 Middle East report: Issues 218–222; Issues 224–225 Middle East Research & Information Project, JSTOR (Organization) – 2001 Shahine filed to divorce Abu Zayd from his wife, on the grounds that Abu Zayd's textual criticism of the Quran made him an apostate, and hence unfit to marry a Muslim. Abu Zayd and his wife eventually relocated to the Netherlands 3301: 1242: 11566:: "the verses of the Qur'an represent its uniqueness and beauty not to mention its novelty and originality. That is why it has succeeded in convincing so many people of its truth. it imitates nothing and no one nor can it be imitated. Its style does not pall even after long periods of study and the text does not lose its freshness over time" 4498: 1308:) maintained that the term induced two meanings: first, the inability to read or write in general; second, the inexperience or ignorance of the previous books or scriptures (but they gave priority to the first meaning). Muhammad's illiteracy was taken as a sign of the genuineness of his prophethood. For example, according to 4497: 4659:) before touching a copy of the Quran, although this view is not universal. Worn-out copies of the Quran are wrapped in a cloth and stored indefinitely in a safe place, buried in a mosque or a Muslim cemetery, or burned and the ashes buried or scattered over water. While praying, the Quran is only recited in Arabic. 5342:, with less reference to the Islamic scholarly tradition that contextualizes and systematizes the reading (e.g., by identifying some verses as abrogated). This tradition of interpretation draws on the following practices: grammatical renegotiation, renegotiation of textual preference, retrieval, and concession. 2791:, there are around 750 verses in the Quran dealing with natural phenomena and many verses of the Quran ask mankind to study nature, and this has been interpreted to mean an encouragement for scientific inquiry, and of the truth. Some include, "Travel throughout the earth and see how He brings life into being" ( 4502: 4501: 4500: 7508: 7411:, the verse instead commands women to "snap their belts around their waists." The belt was a sign of chastity in the Christian world. According to him, the meanings of the words in the relevant part of the verse are as follows:خِمار Khimar; cummerbund, جيب jyb; sinus, sac, وَلْيَضْرِبْنَ;"let them hit" 5253:

in the Quran such as coming, going, sitting, satisfaction, anger and sadness; "Allah has equipped them with words to bring them closer to our minds; in this respect, they are like proverbs that are used to create a picture in the mind and thus help the listener to clearly understand the idea he wants

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Moses, asks for a vision but his desire is denied, he is made to suffer by being commanded to look at other than the Beloved while the mountain is able to see God in Qushayri's words. Moses cames like thousands of men who traveled great distances, gives up his self existence. In that state, Moses was

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Siddiqui, M 2020, Poetry, prophecy and the angelic voice: Reflections on the Divine Word. in MS Burrows, H Davies & J von Zitzewitz (eds), Prophetic Witness and the Reimagining of the World: Poetry, Theology and Philosophy in Dialogue. 1st edn, The Power of the Word, vol. 5, Routledge Studies in

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Dalley defends traditional opinion: "The name or epithet of Atrahasis is used for the skillful god of craftmanship Kothar-wa-hasis in Ugaritic mythology, and is abbreviated to Chousor in the Greek account of Syrian origins related by Philo of Byblos. A similar abbreviation is used in the name of the

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translations (meanings) that include the translator's contributions to the relevant text instead of literal ones. Although the author's contributions are often bracketed and shown separately, the author's individual tendencies may also come to the fore in making sense of the main text. These studies

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When Moses came at the appointed time and his Lord spoke to him, he asked, "My Lord! Reveal Yourself to me so I may see You." Allah answered, "You cannot see Me! But look at the mountain. If it remains firm in its place, only then will you see Me." When his Lord appeared to the mountain, He levelled

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in authentication of his prophetic status. The literary quality of the Qur'an has been praised by Muslim scholars and by many non-Muslim scholars. The doctrine of the miraculousness of the Quran is further emphasized by Muhammad's illiteracy since the unlettered prophet could not have been suspected

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of Muhammad to the city of Medina on traditional account. However, a sūrah classified as Medinan may contain Meccan verses in it and vice versa. Sūrah names are derived from a name or a character in the text, or from the first letters or words of the sūrah. Chapters are not arranged in chronological

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After examining the verses of the Quran to find where the word mythology has been used and seeking the accordance between the meaning and context with Quran’s purpose of knowledge and guidance, including rules and educational issues, we found that the concept of myth is not acceptable in the Quran.

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The other copies, already in the hands of Muslims in other areas, were collected and sent to Medina where, on orders of the Caliph, they were burnt (or, according to some historians, were destroyed by boiling). Thus several copies were made, one being kept in Medina, one in Mecca, and one each sent

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scripts. Toward the end of the ninth century, new scripts began to appear in copies of the Quran and replace earlier scripts. The reason for discontinuation in the use of the earlier style was that it took too long to produce and the demand for copies was increasing. Copyists would therefore choose

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uses an elaborate system of modified vowel-signs and a set of additional symbols for minute details and is based on ʻAsim's recitation, the 8th-century recitation of Kufa. This edition has become the standard for modern printings of the Quran. Occasionally, an early Quran shows compatibility with a

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The variant readings of the Quran are one type of textual variant. According to Melchert (2008), the majority of disagreements have to do with vowels to supply, most of them in turn not conceivably reflecting dialectal differences and about one in eight disagreements has to do with whether to place

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has been investigating these Quran fragments for years. His research team made 35,000 microfilm photographs of the manuscripts, which he dated to the early part of the 8th century. Puin has noted unconventional verse orderings, minor textual variations, and rare styles of orthography, and suggested

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It is said that beside these five, one copy was also sent to Yemen and one to Bahrein. These copies were called the Imam copies and served as original for all future copies. The only difference of order between these copies and the first volume was that the chapters "Spirits of War" and "Immunity"

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Samuel Pepys: "One feels it difficult to see how any mortal ever could consider this Quran as a Book written in Heaven, too good for the Earth; as a well-written book, or indeed as a book at all; and not a bewildered rhapsody; written, so far as writing goes, as badly as almost any book ever was!"

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that were clear to early Muslims fluent in Arabic and they were concerned with reconciling apparent conflict of themes in the Quran. Commentators erudite in Arabic explained the allusions, and perhaps most importantly, explained which Quranic verses had been revealed early in Muhammad's prophetic

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such as 44, 56, 75, 78, 81 and 101 are directly related to the afterlife and warn people to be prepared for the "imminent" day referred to in various ways. It is 'the Day of Judgment,' 'the Last Day,' 'the Day of Resurrection,' or simply 'the Hour.' Less frequently it is 'the Day of Distinction',

2631:(the final fate of the universe) may be considered the second great doctrine of the Quran. It is estimated that approximately one-third of the Quran is eschatological, dealing with the afterlife in the next world and with the day of judgment at the end of time. The Quran does not assert a natural 1275:

that he believes the graphic descriptions of Muhammad's condition at these moments may be regarded as genuine, because he was severely disturbed after these revelations. According to Welch, these seizures would have been seen by those around him as convincing evidence for the superhuman origin of

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In the early history of Islam there was a lively debate over the true identity of Dhū 'l-Qarnayn. One prominent identification was with an ancient South Arabian Ḥimyarī king, generally referred to in the sources as al-Ṣaʿb b. Dhī Marāthid. Indeed the association of Dhū 'l-Qarnayn with the South

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from amongst the companions, (one of them being Zayd ibn Thābit who had compiled the first volume), produce other copies from the first volume which had been prepared on the orders of the first caliph and which had been kept with Ḥafṣah, the wife of the Prophet and daughter of the second caliph.

6370:, the Prophet-Founder of the Baháʼí Faith, testified to the validity of the Quran, writing, say: "Perused ye not the Qur'án? Read it, that haply ye may find the Truth, for this Book is verily the Straight Path. This is the Way of God unto all who are in the heavens and all who are on the earth." 5750:, where the pronunciation should be long or short, where letters should be sounded together and where they should be kept separate, etc. It may be said that this discipline studies the laws and methods of the proper recitation of the Quran and covers three main areas: the proper pronunciation of 1268:

reported, "I saw the Prophet being inspired Divinely on a very cold day and noticed the sweat dropping from his forehead (as the Inspiration was over)." Muhammad's first revelation, according to the Quran, was accompanied with a vision. The agent of revelation is mentioned as the "one mighty in

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attempting to reconcile this respect with religious beliefs. This is because, according to Edis, true criticism of the Quran is almost non-existent in the Muslim world. While Christianity is less prone to see its Holy Book as the direct word of God, fewer Muslims will compromise on this idea –

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sources, relating Muhammad's use of the Quran as a call to Islam, the making of prayer and the manner of recitation. However, the Quran did not exist in book form at the time of Muhammad's death in 632 at age 61–62. There is agreement among scholars that Muhammad himself did not write down the

11550:: "to produce something which might be accepted as echoing however faintly the sublime rhetoric of the Arabic Koran, I have been at pains to study the intricate and richly varied rhythms which constitute the Koran's undeniable claim to rank amongst the greatest literary masterpieces of mankind 3326:

The language of the Quran has been described as "rhymed prose" as it partakes of both poetry and prose; however, this description runs the risk of failing to convey the rhythmic quality of Quranic language, which is more poetic in some parts and more prose-like in others. Rhyme, while found

4712:. The Quran is never decorated with figurative images, but many Qurans have been highly decorated with decorative patterns in the margins of the page, or between the lines or at the start of suras. Islamic verses appear in many other media, on buildings and on objects of all sizes, such as 4285:

Quran says, "We have sent down the Quran in truth, and with the truth it has come down" and frequently asserts in its text that it is divinely ordained. The Quran speaks of a written pre-text that records God's speech before it is sent down, the "preserved tablet" that is the basis of

3555:. He also added other features developed by himself; the free variation of themes (taṣrīf al-maʿānī), the implication content (taḍmīn) of the expressions and the rhyming closures (fawāṣil). The most famous works on the doctrine of inimitability are two medieval books by the grammarian 4831: 14659:

Christians are often surprised to discover that Jesus is mentioned by name in the Quran more than Muhammad and that Mary is mentioned more times in the Quran than in the New Testament. Both Jesus and Mary play important roles not only in the Quran but also in Muslim piety and

3331:, and there can be no doubt that these passages impressed the conscience of the hearers. Frequently a change of rhyme from one set of verses to another signals a change in the subject of discussion. Later sections also preserve this form but the style is more expository. 5248:

Tabatabaei points out that unacceptable esoteric interpretations of the Quran have been made and defines the acceptable ones as implicit meanings that are ultimately known only by God and cannot be directly understood through human thought alone. As an example, he gives

1559:," whence belief in the corruption of the Quran became untenable vis-a-vis the position of Sunni "orthodoxy". Alleged distortions have been carried out to remove any references to the rights of Ali, the Imams and their supporters and the disapproval of enemies, such as 3585:, proving that the Quran is a work worthy of the emphasized superior place of Muhammad in the history of the prophets, thus gaining polemical superiority over Jews and Christians; Preservation of Arab national pride in the face of confrontation with the Iranian 3334:

The Quranic text seems to have no beginning, middle, or end, its nonlinear structure being akin to a web or net. The textual arrangement is sometimes considered to exhibit lack of continuity, absence of any chronological or thematic order and repetitiousness.

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In the same way that Abraham‘s interrupted sacrifice of Isaac can be read as an etiological myth explaining the abolition of human sacrifice, just so can the entirety of the Old Testament be understood as a critical rupture with a polytheistic pagan past.

5583:'s translation, among various others. As with translations of the Bible, the English translators have sometimes favored archaic English words and constructions over their more modern or conventional equivalents; for example, two widely read translators, 5415:, education, ideology and knowledge of the people who made them, and efforts to reach the real content are drowned in the details of volumes of commentaries. These distortions can manifest themselves in many areas of belief and practices. 3528: 5889:

It is generally stated that there are small differences between readings. However, these small changes may also include differences that may lead to serious differences in Islam, ranging from the definition of God to practices such as the

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Revered by pious Muslims as "the holy of holies", whose sound moves some to "tears and ecstasy", it is the physical symbol of the faith, the text often used as a charm on occasions of birth, death, marriage. Traditionally, before starting

11558: : "It is as though Muhammad had created an entirely new literary form that some people were not ready for but which thrilled others. Without this experience of the Koran, it is extremely unlikely that Islam would have taken root." 1647:

from what was probably a wider and more varied group of related texts in early transmission.… After the creation of this standardized canonical text, earlier authoritative texts were suppressed, and all extant manuscripts—despite their

3002:, contain fallacies and are unscientific. As of 2008, both Muslims and non-Muslims have disputed whether there actually are "scientific miracles" in the Quran. Muslim critics of the movement include Indian Islamic theologian Maulana 8887:

Religions of the world Lewis M. Hopfe – 1979 "Some Muslims have suggested and practiced textual criticism of the Quran in a manner similar to that practiced by Christians and Jews on their bibles. No one has yet suggested the

6077:. Since it would have been too costly for most Muslims to purchase a manuscript, copies of the Quran were held in mosques in order to make them accessible to people. These copies frequently took the form of a series of 30 parts or 5011: 1695:, manuscript pages from which the text has been washed off to make the parchment reusable again—a practice which was common in ancient times due to the scarcity of writing material. However, the faint washed-off underlying text ( 6457:

He has revealed to you ˹O Prophet˺ the Book in truth, confirming what came before it, as He revealed the Torah and the Gospel previously, as a guide for people, and ˹also˺ revealed the Standard ˹to distinguish between right and

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studying the textbook of Moore and al-Zindani found himself "confused" by "why Moore was so 'astonished by'" the Quranic references, which Rizvi found "vague", and insofar as they were specific, preceded by the observations of

2367:) Characters of the stories can be closed-mythical, (khidr) demi-mythologic or combined characters, and it can also be seen that they are Islamized. While some believe he was a prophet, some researchers equate Luqman with the 2330:

While belief in God and obedience to the prophets are the main emphasis in the prophetic stories, there are also non-prophetic stories in the Quran that emphasize the importance of humility and having profound-inner knowledge

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According to esoteric interpretors, the inner meaning of the Quran does not eradicate or invalidate its outward meaning. Rather, it is like the soul, which gives life to the body. Corbin considers the Quran to play a part in

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Tafsir is one of the earliest academic activities of Muslims. According to the Quran, Muhammad was the first person who described the meanings of verses for early Muslims. Other early exegetes included the first four caliphs

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is originated and needs an originator, and whatever exists must have a sufficient cause for its existence. Besides, the design of the universe is frequently referred to as a point of contemplation: "It is He who has created

6655:, state that the Quran exerted a particular influence on Arabic literature's diction, themes, metaphors, motifs and symbols and added new expressions and new meanings to old, pre-Islamic words that would become ubiquitous. 2549:

and was widely practiced among Muslims during the lifetime of Muhammad, was abolished in Islam is also an area where Sunni and Shiite understandings conflict as well as the translation / interpretation of the related verse

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There are occasional misinterpretations, mistranslations, and even distortions. Translating the meanings of the Holy Quran has always been challenging for translators, as the Quran has an exoteric and an esoteric meaning.

3044:, which originally means a 'sign' or 'evidence' sent by God. The number of verses differs from sūrah to sūrah. An individual verse may be just a few letters or several lines. The total number of verses in the most popular 3600:; The claim attracted criticism because it included claims against the integrity of the text, which is mostly accepted by Muslims, and the Khalifa was killed by his own student in an assassination possibly organized by a 13599: 995:

itself. Regardless, it had become an Arabic term by Muhammad's lifetime. An important meaning of the word is the 'act of reciting', as reflected in an early Quranic passage: "It is for Us to collect it and to recite it

2351:(Dhulqarnayn). Those who "spend their wealth" on people who are in need because they devoted their lives to the way of Allah and whose situation is unknown because they are ashamed to ask, will be rewarded by Allah. ( 1782:", with commentaries needed to explain what is being referred to—"events are referred to, but not narrated; disagreements are debated without being explained; people and places are mentioned, but rarely named." While 4368:

and the truth of the religion. For this reason, in traditional Islamic societies, great importance was given to children memorizing the Quran, and those who memorized the entire Quran were honored with the title of

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power," the one who "grew clear to view when he was on the uppermost horizon. Then he drew nigh and came down till he was (distant) two bows' length or even nearer." The Islamic studies scholar Welch states in the

2420:" and "qubh". The word ma’ruf literally means "known" or what is approved because of its familiarity for a certain society and its antithesis munkar means what is disapproved because it is unknown and extraneous. 1725:, England. According to the tests carried out by the Oxford University Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, "with a probability of more than 95%, the parchment was from between 568 and 645". The manuscript is written in 6014:

style manuscripts nevertheless confirm that transmission of the Quran in writing began at an early stage. Probably in the ninth century, scripts began to feature thicker strokes, which are traditionally known as

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Muslims believe that Muhammad's many divine encounters during his years in Mecca and Medina inspired the remainder of the Qur'an, which, nearly fourteen centuries later, remains the Arabic language's preeminent

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9968:“Whosoever of you sees an evil, let him change it with his hand; and if he is not able to do so, then with his tongue; and if he is not able to do so, then with his heart — and that is the weakest of faith.” 6247:, who printed his first book in 1729. Except for books in Hebrew and European languages, which were unrestricted, very few books, and no religious texts, were printed in the Ottoman Empire for another century. 5123:

The Quran possesses an external appearance and a hidden depth, an exoteric meaning and an esoteric meaning. This esoteric meaning in turn conceals an esoteric meaning. So it goes on for seven esoteric meanings.

3567:('the Secrets of Eloquence'). Al Jurjani believed that Qur'an's eloquence must be a certain special quality in the manner of its stylistic arrangement and composition or a certain special way of joining words. 4799: 3327:

throughout the Quran, is conspicuous in many of the earlier Meccan suras, in which relatively short verses throw the rhyming words into prominence. The effectiveness of such a form is evident for instance in

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In the Quran belief in the afterlife is often referred in conjunction with belief in God: "Believe in God and the last day" emphasizing what is considered impossible is easy in the sight of God. A number of

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also appear in the Quran. The Quranic verses contain general exhortations regarding right and wrong and historical events are related to outline general moral lessons. The style of the Quran has been called

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view the Quran as holy. In the Baháʼí Faith, the Quran is accepted as authentic revelation from God along with the revelations of the other world religions, Islam being a stage within the divine process of

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is used for clear imperative provisions based on the Quran. However, it is not possible to say that the relevant verses are understood in the same way by all segments of Islamic commentators; For example,

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It must never rest beneath other books, but always on top of them, one must never drink or smoke when it is being read aloud, and it must be listened to in silence. It is a talisman against disease and

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became a matter of fierce debate among religious scholars; and with the involvement of the political authority in the discussions, some Muslim religious scholars who stood against the political stance

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Gontowska, Luiza Maria, "Human Rights Violations Under the Sharia'a : A Comparative Study of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Islamic Republic of Iran" (2005). Honors College Theses. Paper 13.

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Respect for the written text of the Quran is an important element of religious faith by many Muslims, and the Quran is treated with reverence. Based on tradition and a literal interpretation of Quran

2889:", and began to be distributed through Muslim bookstores and websites. The movement contends that the Quran abounds with "scientific facts" that appeared centuries before their discovery and promotes 3486:; (poet)" connotes the meaning of a man of inspirational knowledge, of unseen powers. `To the early Arabs poetry was ṣihr ḥalāl and the poet was a genius who had supernatural communications with the 8342: 5826:

refers to a slow recitation that deploys heightened technical artistry and melodic modulation, as in public performances by trained experts. It is directed to and dependent upon an audience for the

4400:) might access, as "heirs of the prophets". For this reason, direct reading of the Quran or applications based on its literal translations are considered problematic except for some groups such as 2734:

9) thrown at demons that illegally ascend to the sky; When the time of judgment comes, they spill onto the earth, but this does not mean that life on earth ends; People run left and right in fear.(

1480:. That text became the model from which copies were made and promulgated throughout the urban centers of the Muslim world, and other versions are believed to have been destroyed. and the six other 5575:

in 1955. All these translators were non-Muslims. There have been numerous translations by Muslims. Popular modern English translations by Muslims include The Oxford World Classic's translation by

4499: 1608:. Until the early 1970s, non-Muslim scholars of Islam —while not accepting traditional explanations for divine intervention— accepted the above-mentioned traditional origin story in most details. 6619:

is mentioned more in the Quran than any other individual. Jesus is mentioned more often in the Quran than Muhammad (by name—Muhammad is often alluded to as "The Prophet" or "The Apostle"), while

989:), which refers to 'scripture reading' or 'lesson'. While some Western scholars consider the word to be derived from the Syriac, the majority of Muslim authorities hold the origin of the word is 10214: 3494:, the muses who inspired him.’ Although pre-Islamic Arabs gave poets status associated with suprahuman beings, soothsayers and prophecies were seen as persons of lower status. Contrary to later 417:. It summarizes some, dwells at length on others and, in some cases, presents alternative accounts and interpretations of events. The Quran describes itself as a book of guidance for humankind ( 5794:, were highly influential in the development of current styles of recitation. Southeast Asia is well known for world-class recitation, evidenced in the popularity of the woman reciters such as 2443:

by legislating on matters of marriage, divorce, and inheritance. A number of practices, such as usury and gambling, are prohibited. The Quran is one of the fundamental sources of Islamic law (

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A challenge to Islam for reformation: the rediscovery and reliable reconstruction of a comprehensive pre-Islamic Christian hymnal hidden in the Koran under earliest Islamic reinterpretations

10508:) will unite with Islam, the former in the role of follower and the latter in the form of leader, and the great spiritual energy of these joint forces will defeat the powers of ungodliness. 4811: 4674:, have been concerned with the Quran or have their foundation in its teachings. Muslims believe that the preaching or reading of the Quran is rewarded with divine rewards variously called 2498:, who do not doubt that the Quran existing today is a religious source, infer from the same verses that it is clearly ordered to pray 2 or 3 times, not 5 times. About six verses adress to 5654: 5521:

translated the Quran into Persian. The manuscripts of all three books have survived and have been published several times. In 1936, translations in 102 languages were known. In 2010, the

5905:, is famous for establishing seven acceptable textual readings of the Quran. He studied various readings and their trustworthiness and chose seven 8th-century readers from the cities of 4773: 5746:

which determines in detail how the Quran should be recited, how each individual syllable is to be pronounced, the need to pay attention to the places where there should be a pause, to

1805: 6258:, with one Mullah Osman Ismail responsible for producing the Arabic types. A Quran was printed with this press in 1787, reprinted in 1790 and 1793 in Saint Petersburg, and in 1803 in 13471: 10712: 3354:

by explaining, classifying, interpreting and justifying the words to be transmitted. Self-referentiality is evident in those passages where the Quran refers to itself as revelation (

1664: 4373:. Even today, millions of Muslims frequently refer to the Quran to justify their actions and desires", and see it as the source of scientific knowledge, though some refer to it as 2901:

movement has created a "global craze in Muslim societies", and has developed into an industry that is "widespread and well-funded". Individuals connected with the movement include

12498: 8772:"Revelation and Falsification: The Kitab al-qira'at of Ahmad b. Muhammad al-Sayyari: Critical Edition with an Introduction and Notes by Etan Kohlberg and Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi" 6081:. In terms of productivity, the Ottoman copyists provide the best example. This was in response to widespread demand, unpopularity of printing methods and for aesthetic reasons. 5280:('Truths of Exegesis') is a compilation of commentaries of earlier Sufis. From the 11th century onwards several other works appear, including commentaries by Qushayri (d. 1074), 3323:

structures that assist the audience's efforts to recall the message of the text. Muslims assert (according to the Quran itself) that the Quranic content and style is inimitable.

4428:; will open the closed expressions and try to guide the believers. There is no standardization in Qur'an translations, and interpretations range from traditional scholastic, to 13607: 5438:

containing verses from the Quran. In early centuries, the permissibility of translations was not an issue, but whether one could use translations in prayer. The Quran has been

4388:. On the other hand it is believed in Muslim community that full understanding of it can only be possible with the depths obtained in the basic and religious sciences that the 13653: 9887: 9193:

Elizabeth Goldman (1995), p. 63, gives 8 June 632, the dominant Islamic tradition. Many earlier (mainly non-Islamic) traditions refer to him as still alive at the time of the

2343:

and Dhulqarnayn. According to the later ascriptions to these stories, it is possible for those with this knowledge and divine support to teach the prophets (Khidr-Moses story

5394:

Translating the Quran has always been problematic and difficult. Many argue that the Quranic text cannot be reproduced in another language or form. An Arabic word may have a

13685: 11254: 6243:

between 1483 and 1726—initially, even on penalty of death. The Ottoman ban on printing in Arabic script was lifted in 1726 for non-religious texts only upon the request of

6094: 13622: 12706: 7296:

For both the claim that variant readings are still transmitted and the claim that no such critical edition has been produced, see Gilliot, C., "Creation of a fixed text"

2597:. However, today, this understanding is questioned in certain circles, it is claimed that the provisions and contents in sources such as the Quran and hadith, apart from 2381:(Ar. ٱلْأَمْرُ بِٱلْمَعْرُوفِ وَٱلنَّهْيُ عَنِ ٱلْمُنْكَرِ) is repeated or referred to in nearly 30 verses in different contexts in the Quran and is an important part of 1543:

which indicate the distortion of the Quran and according to Etan Kohlberg, this belief about Quran was common among Shiites in the early centuries of Islam. In his view,

15872: 2964:". Zafar Ishaq Ansari terms the modern trend of claiming the identification of "scientific truths" in the Quran as the "scientific exegesis" of the holy book. In 1983, 2827:

are of the view that any reawakening of the Muslim civilization must start with the Quran; however, the biggest obstacle on this route is the "centuries old heritage of

2002:). God's omnipotence appears above all in his power to create. He is the creator of everything, of the heavens and the earth and what is between them (see, e.g., Quran 13358: 7270:

There is some disagreement among early Muslim sources disagree over who was the first to collect the narrations. At least one source credits Salim, the freed slave of

6084:

Whilst the majority of Islamic scribes were men, some women also worked as scholars and copyists; one such woman who made a copy of this text was the Moroccan jurist,

5196:

Suffering in Sufism is a tool for spiritual maturation, a person must give up his own existence and find his existence in the being he love (God), as can be seen in

20736: 5398:

depending on the context, making an accurate translation difficult. Moreover, one of the biggest difficulties in understanding the Quran for those who do not know

4749: 3470:

experience; the aesthetic experience of reciting and hearing the Qur’ān is often regarded as one of the main reasons behind conversion to Islam in the early days.

6310:

Regarding the claim of divine origin, critics refer to preexisting sources, not only taken from the Bible, supposed to be older revelations of God, but also from

20618: 7756: 5897:

The first Quranic manuscripts lacked marks, enabling multiple possible recitations to be conveyed by the same written text. The 10th-century Muslim scholar from

2404:

should be the key words in understanding the Quran in moral terms as a duty that the Quran imposes on believers. Although a common translation of the phrase is "

1354:

and that they do not change the meaning of the Qur'an, the purpose of which was to make the Qur'an easy for recitation and memorization among the different Arab

5322:('the Spirit of Elucidation') is a voluminous exegesis written in Arabic, combines the author's own ideas with those of his predecessors (notably Ibn Arabi and 3226:

In addition of the division into chapters, there are various ways of dividing Quran into parts of approximately equal length for convenience in reading. The 30

2020:, etc.). All human beings are equal in their utter dependence upon God, and their well-being depends upon their acknowledging that fact and living accordingly. 19986: 11683:

It may be affirmed that within the literature of the Arabs, wide and fecund as it is both in poetry and in elevated prose, there is nothing to compare with it.

7652:

It may be affirmed that within the literature of the Arabs, wide and fecund as it is both in poetry and in elevated prose, there is nothing to compare with it.

2906: 2782: 5765:

In order to avoid incorrect pronunciation, reciters follow a program of training with a qualified teacher. The two most popular texts used as references for

2695:

is "a sign of the hour." Despite the uncertainty of the time is emphasized with the statement that it is only in the presence of God,(43:61) there is a rich

2100:) "Nothing is said to you that was not said to the messengers before you, that your lord has at his Command forgiveness as well as a most Grievous Penalty." 11828: 5209:

it to dust and Moses collapsed unconscious. When he recovered, he cried, "Glory be to You! I turn to You in repentance and I am the first of the believers."

5948: 9363:: "It is generally agreed both by Muslim commentators and modéra occidental scholars that Dhu ’l-Ḳarnayn is to be identified with Alexander the Great." 20603: 15895: 10509: 10479: 5177:) and metaphysical dimensions of existence and consciousness. According to Sands, esoteric interpretations are more suggestive than declarative, and are 2639:, since man's existence is dependent on the will of God: when he wills, he causes man to die; and when he wills, he raises him to life again in a bodily 1756: 1312:, if Muhammad had mastered writing and reading he possibly would have been suspected of having studied the books of the ancestors. Some scholars such as 1015:

is recited, listen to it and keep silent." The word may also assume the meaning of a codified scripture when mentioned with other scriptures such as the

812: 14163: 4905:), aimed at explaining the "meanings of the Quranic verses, clarifying their import and finding out their significance." Because the Quran is spoken in 4364:, it is protected from corruption ("Indeed, it is We who sent down the Quran and indeed, We will be its guardians"). Muslims consider the Quran to be a 2851:

wrote many Muslims appreciate technology and respect the role that science plays in its creation. As a result, he says there is a great deal of Islamic

2096:"prophethood") is seen as a duty imposed by God on individuals who have some characteristics such as intelligence, honesty, fortitude and justice. (See: 4982:

and, occasionally, interpretation of one verse with the help of the other. If the verse was about a historical event, then sometimes a few traditions (

3454:, depicted with his face hidden. Historians, such as A. J. Wensinck and Denis Gril, reject the historicity of it, arguing that the Quran itself denies 4380:

Muslims believe the Quran to be God's literal words, a complete code of life, the final revelation to humanity, a work of divine guidance revealed to

2795:), "Behold in the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the alternation of night and day, there are indeed signs for men of understanding ..." ( 201: 5292:(d. 1234). These works include material from Sulami's books plus the author's contributions. Many works are written in Persian such as the works of 20702: 5929:, rather than six or ten, but this may be related to a prophetic tradition (Muhammad's saying) reporting that the Quran had been revealed in seven 8687:

The Codification of the Qur'an Text A Comprehensive Study of the Original Collection of the Qur'an Text and the Early Surviving Qur'an Manuscripts

5690: 1486:

of the Qur'an fell out of use. The present form of the Quran text is accepted by Muslim scholars to be the original version compiled by Abu Bakr.

1288:. Welch additionally states that it remains uncertain whether these experiences occurred before or after Muhammad's initial claim of prophethood. 15865: 11778: 5678: 5638: 5613: 1687:, manuscripts "consisting of 12,000 pieces" were discovered that were later proven to be the oldest Quranic text known to exist at the time. The 13321: 12570: 11383: 7305:

Scholars disagree on the exact number but this is a disagreement over "the placing of the divisions between the verese, not on the text itself."

1714:

that some of the parchments were palimpsests which had been reused. Puin believed that this implied an evolving text as opposed to a fixed one.

21359: 17322: 15235: 11695: 2999: 13389: 1432:, any written work containing divine teachings) and from men who knew it by heart is recorded in earlier narratives. In 644, Muhammad's widow 14550: 12805:"Interpreting the Qur'an and the Constitution: Similarities in the Use of Text, Tradition, and Reason in Islamic and American Jurisprudence" 12727:

Mir, Mustansir. (1995). "Tafsīr". In John L. Esposito. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

11808: 8090: 6330:. The Quran acknowledges that accusations of borrowing popular ancient fables were being made against Muhammad. Due to its rejection of the 1153:('written work') is often used to refer to particular Quranic manuscripts but is also used in the Quran to identify earlier revealed books. 15086: 13481: 13081: 7239:

Hadith are primarily from Muhammad but some are from those closest to him. Muslim scholars have worked carefully to authenticate them; see

3577:: The necessity of explaining some challenging verses in the Quran; In the context of the emergence of the theory of "proofs of prophecy" ( 659: 11160: 6266:(1828), a translation in Turkish was printed in Cairo in 1842, and the first officially sanctioned Ottoman edition was finally printed in 2746:) comes and shows his shin; looks are fearful, are invited to prostration; but those invited in the past but stayed away, cannot do this.( 1221:

regained their freedom after they had taught some of the Muslims the simple writing of the time. Thus a group of Muslims gradually became

20633: 12588: 6296:. This edition was the result of a long preparation, as it standardized Quranic orthography, and it remains the basis of later editions. 5435: 5167:('interpretation'). Commentators with an esoteric slant believe that the ultimate meaning of the Quran is known only to God. Esoteric or 11775:"Chronology of the Qur'an According to Theodor Nöldeke and Sir William Muir (Analysis of the History of the Qur'an and Life of Mahomet)" 10187: 9755: 9729: 4730: 3280:), for it to be recited in a week. A different structure is provided by semantic units resembling paragraphs and comprising roughly ten 21447: 15858: 14272:"Alcorani textus universus ex correctioribus Arabum exemplaribus summa fide, atque pulcherrimis characteribus descriptus, vol. 2, p. i" 14090: 6128: 5254:

to express." He also claims that the Shiite belief that Muhammad and the innocent imams could know the interpretation of these verses (

4358:

Muslims believe that the present Quranic text corresponds to that revealed to Muhammad, and according to their interpretation of Quran

11858: 10526: 5523: 3079:

whose story is told without naming in the Quran, lying in a garden, facing a hoopoe, Solomon's messenger. Persian miniature (c. 1595).

2976:

with Islamic Additions, interspersed pages of "embryology-related Quranic verse and hadith" by al-Zindani into Moore's original work.

372:

served as scribes, recording the revelations. Shortly after Muhammad's death, the Quran was compiled on the order of the first caliph

21033: 20707: 20623: 10565:

7439 In-book reference: Book 97, Hadith 65 USC-MSA web (English) reference: Vol. 9, Book 93, Hadith 532 (deprecated numbering scheme)

10547:"Beware of˺ the Day the Shin ˹of Allah˺ will be bared, and the wicked will be asked to prostrate, but they will not be able to do so" 7752: 6113: 1364:

out of the seven survived and is still in use, which is believed to be the Quraysh dialect. While Sunni Muslims believe in the seven

13671: 13504: 9894: 21442: 20724: 17059: 12702: 7333:"Few have failed to be convinced that … the Quran is … the words of Muhammad, perhaps even dictated by him after their recitation." 7261:"Few have failed to be convinced that … the Quran is … the words of Muhammad, perhaps even dictated by him after their recitation." 5008:

were added to explanations in later periods, and schools of exegesis were formed criticizing each other's sources and methodology.

3474:

was an element of challenge, propaganda and warfare, and those who incapacitated their opponents from doing the same in feṣāḥa and

806: 13693: 11939: 11263: 9169: 4909:, many of the later converts to Islam (mostly non-Arabs) did not always understand the Quranic Arabic, they did not catch intense 3315:

The Quran's message is conveyed with various literary structures and devices. In the original Arabic, the suras and verses employ

3096:

order, rather the chapters appear to be arranged roughly in order of decreasing size. Each sūrah except the ninth starts with the

1195:

during one of his isolated retreats to the mountains. Thereafter, he received revelations over a period of 23 years. According to

20687: 20608: 6643:

wrote one of the earliest books on Arabic grammar, referred to as "Al-Kitab", which relied heavily on the language in the Quran.

5868:

dots above or below the line. Nasser categorizes variant readings into various subtypes, including internal vowels, long vowels,

5803: 4007: 13630: 8703: 6401: 6363: 20628: 19518: 15744: 2837:

argues that Islam's lag behind the West in scientific advancement after (roughly) 1500 AD was due to opposition by traditional

1030:

that are employed throughout the Quran. Each synonym possesses its own distinct meaning, but its use may converge with that of

5241:

of the Quran, concerns certain truths that transcend the comprehension of ordinary people beyond the signs of words. A law, a

2662:

2:10–14: also mentioned with the same name (jannāt ʿadn) in the Quran, with the difference is that it was not the place where

1229:(also usually transliterated as Surah) were in use amongst early Muslims since they are mentioned in numerous sayings by both 1145:('The Book'), though it is also used in the Arabic language for other scriptures, such as the Torah and the Gospels. The term 20638: 20595: 15714: 15693: 15671: 15616: 15606: 15592: 15545: 15516: 15497: 15478: 15435: 15400: 15381: 15359: 15340: 15318: 15299: 15280: 15245: 15155: 15129: 15048: 14995: 14950: 14906: 14869: 14738: 14719: 14652: 14622: 14564: 14514: 14420: 14395: 14310: 14110: 14038: 14011: 13981: 13823: 13767: 13716: 13665: 13542: 13424: 13244: 13112: 12961: 12936: 12867: 12765: 12751: 12395: 12368: 12345: 12195: 12163: 12027: 11754: 11718: 11531: 11487: 11328: 11094: 10463: 10424: 10289: 10046: 10018: 9953: 9846: 9767: 9498: 9449: 9424: 9392: 9249: 8840: 8406: 8163: 8074: 8049: 8021: 7934: 7895: 7736: 7706: 7673: 7408: 6487: 6212:

and Alessandro Paganini. But this Quran was not used as it contained a large number of errors. Two more editions include the

5338:

style of some ex-Muslims who have converted to Christianity. Their style or reinterpretation can sometimes be geared towards

3894: 1740: 1344:(meaning letters; however, it could mean dialects, forms, styles or modes). Most Islamic scholars agree that these different 1297:", which is traditionally interpreted as 'illiterate', but the meaning is rather more complex. Medieval commentators such as 16646: 13843: 13366: 12894: 10087: 9211: 325:, when Muhammad was 40, and concluding in 632, the year of his death. Muslims regard the Quran as Muhammad's most important 21437: 17656: 13440: 13012: 5762:), the rules of pause in recitation and of resumption of recitation, and the musical and melodious features of recitation. 5289: 5163: 5082: 4437: 4412:

are brought fore to correct understandings in it. With a classical approach, scholars will discuss verses of the Qur'an in

3155:

figuring at the beginning of 29 out of the 114 chapters of the Quran just after the basmala. The letters are also known as

2696: 786: 430:

Supplementing the Quran with explanations for some cryptic Quranic narratives, and rulings that also provide the basis for

13296: 11761:

Throughout history, many Arab Christians as well have regarded it as the perfection of the Arabic language and literature.

8226: 7713:

Throughout history, many Arab Christians as well have regarded it as the perfection of the Arabic language and literature.

6085: 3422:

has a miraculous quality, both in content and in form, that no human speech can match. According to this, the Qur'an is a

1225:. As it was initially spoken, the Quran was recorded on tablets, bones, and the wide, flat ends of date palm fronds. Most 18474: 15773: 11080: 9054:

Bergmann, Uwe; Sadeghi, Behnam (September 2010). "The Codex of a Companion of the Prophet and the Qurān of the Prophet".

6724: 4914:

career, as being appropriate to the very earliest Muslim community, and which had been revealed later, canceling out or "

4866: 4651:("none shall touch but those who are clean"), some Muslims believe that they must perform a ritual cleansing with water ( 2646: 2405: 2401: 1656:

Although most variant readings of the text of the Quran have ceased to be transmitted, some still are. There has been no

752: 517: 13379:

C.E. Bosworth. Encyclopedia of Islam 2nd ed, Brill. "Al-Tabari, Abu Djafar Muhammad b. Djarir b. Yazid", Vol. 10, p. 14.

10872: 3527:

circles, which emphasized only its literary aspect, and were adopted by other religious groups. According to grammarian

2817:)." He associates some scientific contradictions that can be seen in the Quran with a superficial reading of the Quran. 2601:, are contents that reflect the general understanding and practices of that period, and it is brought up to replace the 14974: 14476: 13853: 11062: 10676: 10239: 9332: 7013: 5956:

particular reading. A Syrian manuscript from the 8th century is shown to have been written according to the reading of

1058:('scripture'); the latter two terms also denote units of revelation. In the large majority of contexts, usually with a 14216: 10510:

http://risaleinur.com/studies/131-conferences/2000/3967-the-apocalypse-in-the-teachings-of-bediuzzaman-said-nursi.html

6374:

may also seek inspiration from the Quran. It has been suggested that the Quran has some narrative similarities to the

2180:; 100–107) which he accepted as the will of GOD. In Judaism the story is perceived as a narrative designed to replace 20490: 20444: 20104: 20098: 17871: 17570: 15569: 15538:

The History of The Qur'anic Text: From Revelation to Compilation: A Comparative Study with the Old and New Testaments

14786: 14763: 14688: 14370: 14073: 12674: 11676: 11345: 11296: 11212: 11184: 10170: 9875: 9659: 8996: 8645: 8267: 7080: 6714: 5357: 4851: 4553:

The path of those upon whom You have bestowed favor, not of those who have evoked anger or of those who are astray.

4072: 3499: 2295: 2193: 1935: 1383: 747: 742: 14774: 13051: 12457: 12153: 7169:

was most predominant from the second half of the 18th century till the 1980s, when it has been superseded by either

21380: 20361: 20217: 19694: 19590: 16650: 16408: 14898: 8191:

Günther, Sebastian (2002). "Muhammad, the Illiterate Prophet: An Islamic Creed in the Quran and Quranic Exegesis".

6612: 6600: 3672: 2845:." He claims that they believed such laws were blasphemous because they limit "God's freedom to act" as He wishes. 2753:

Some researchers have no hesitation that many doomsday concepts, some of which are also used in the Quran, such as

2566: 2241: 2059: 620: 330: 308: 144: 16938: 11608:

Vasalou, Sophia (2002). "The Miraculous Eloquence of the Qur'an: General Trajectories and Individual Approaches".

3052:

are counted separately. According to one estimate the Quran consists of 77,430 words, 18,994 unique words, 12,183

1139:; 'something sent down', signifying the descent of an object from a higher place to lower place). Another term is 20855: 20661: 14711:

The Religion and Rituals of the Nomads of Pre-Islamic Arabia: A Reconstruction Based on the Safaitic Inscriptions

13273:"Ideologic Presuppositions Behind Translation: A Case Study of the Orientalist English Translations of the Quran" 12212: 11821: 9117: 7021: 6451: 4264: 3350:

when it speaks about itself and makes reference to itself. According to Stefan Wild, the Quran demonstrates this

3151:, 'disjoined letters, disconnected letters'; also 'mysterious letters') are combinations of between one and five 1844: 918: 798: 642: 406: 13908:

Rabb, Intisar (2006). "Non-Canonical Readings of the Qur'an: Recognition and Authenticity (The Ḥimṣī Reading)".

13290:"The ideological factor in the translation of sensitive issues from the Quran into English, Spanish and Catalan" 11995:

Eric Anderson, "Slain Islamic leader was outspoken; Khalifa's teachings from Tucson angered Muslims worldwide",

10934: 4481:

and on other occasions. This sura, which consists of seven verses, is the most often recited sura of the Quran:

2726:

as perceived in the Quran: While the stars are lamps illuminating the sky in ordinary cases, turns into stones (

20920: 20468: 20366: 15731: 15661: 14536: 9305: 6146: 4955: 4209: 2699:

in the Islamic world and doomsday prophecies in the Islamic world are heavily associated with "round" numbers.

2502:

when walk in public; Muslim scholars have differed as how to understand these verses, with some stating that a

1867:, who emphasize the mythological content of the Quran, are met with rejectionist attitudes in Islamic circles. 1370:, some Shia reject the idea of seven Qur'anic variants. A common misconception is that The seven ahruf and the 1213:

to recite the Quran and to learn and teach the laws, which were revealed daily. It is related that some of the

1184: 864: 503: 333:, and the culmination of a series of divine messages starting with those revealed to the first Islamic prophet 15821: 9676: 9348:

The result of this study show that Quran is not a myth, rather the stories are factual and based on reality.

5952: 5237:

indicates the specific meaning to which a verse is addressed. In Tabatabaei's view, ta'wil, or what is called

2879:

Starting in the 1970s and 80s, the idea of presence of scientific evidence in the Quran became popularized as

21026: 20278: 20037: 19714: 18333: 17877: 14171: 11654: 9194: 8145: 7282: 7271: 6709: 5527:

reported that the Quran was presented in 112 languages at the 18th International Quran Exhibition in Tehran.

5487:

The first fully attested complete translations of the Quran were done between the 10th and 12th centuries in

5228: 3943: 3023: 3014:, president of Center for Islam and Science in Alberta, Canada, and Egyptian Muslim scholar Khaled Montaser. 1675:

to date. The double layer reveals additions to the original text and multiple differences with today's Quran.

1264:

narrates Muhammad describing the revelations as, "Sometimes it is (revealed) like the ringing of a bell" and

1166: 569: 18185: 17065: 13971: 13533: 13235: 11312: 10414: 9488: 9399:

Many Mediaeval scholars argued against the identification, though. Cf., e.g., the discussion in al-Maqrizi,

2875:

on the surface of the Moon, has been claimed on Internet forums to be evidence of the splitting of the Moon.

21432: 21422: 20840: 20817: 20427: 20283: 20273: 20179: 19832: 16688: 13816:

The Transmission of the Variant Readings of the Quran: The Problem of Tawatur and the Emergence of Shawdhdh

13573: 7468: 7005: 6781: 5787: 5710: 3975: 2440: 1535:

was gathered and compiled by Muhammad during his lifetime. It is claimed that the Shia had more than 1,000

360:

to be God's own divine speech providing a complete code of conduct across all facets of life. This has led

14964: 14246: 13623:"A Meeting with the Egyptian Giants, al-Minshāwī, al-Huṣrī, Muṣṭafā Ismāʿīl and ʿAbdul-Bāsit ʿAbdus-Ṣamad" 13272: 12664: 10753: 10215:"Opinion: As Muslim women, we actually ask you not to wear the hijab in the name of interfaith solidarity" 6995: 5312:

which some consider a kind of Sufi interpretation of the Quran. Simnani (d. 1336) tried reconciliation of

3167:), or 'openers', as they form the opening verse of their respective suras. Four suras are named for their 21267: 20942: 20807: 20613: 20381: 20174: 19551: 19040: 17291: 17282: 15976: 14749: 11809:

https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/75126557/Siddiqui2018PoetryProphecyAndTheAngelicVoice.pdf

11640:. Edited by: P. Bearman , Th. Bianquis , C. E. Bosworth , E. van Donzel and W. P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2007. 10836:

Ansari, Zafar Ishaq (2001). "Scientific Exegesis of the Qur'an / ‮التفسير العلمي للقرآن‬".

9773: 9295: 9027:"'The Qur'an: Text, Interpretation and Translation' Third Biannual SOAS Conference, 16–17 October 2003". 6786: 6652: 6022:

simpler writing styles. Beginning in the 11th century, the styles of writing employed were primarily the

6000:

Before printing was widely adopted in the 19th century, the Quran was transmitted in manuscripts made by

5041:

There have been several commentaries of the Quran by scholars of all denominations, popular ones include

4022: 3849: 2723: 2039: 1718: 1620: 1396:

Following Muhammad's death in 632, a number of his companions who memorized the Quran were killed in the

544: 361: 80: 11015: 9994:

T. Izutsu, Ethico-Religious Concepts in the Qur’an, London, McGillQueen’s University Press, 2002, p. 213

7544: 2593:). The guidance of the Quran and Muhammad is considered absolute, universal and will continue until the 21407: 20692: 20575: 20092: 19511: 17507: 14554: 14530: 13325: 11519: 10240:"Conflict and Conflict Resolution in the pre-Islamic Arab Society | SADIK KIRAZLI | download" 7240: 7029: 5879: 5539: 5242: 4062: 2218:

and her servants, having finished bathing finds one of the prominent prophet figures in the Quran baby

2043: 1593: 17525: 11774: 6277: 4837:

The leaves from Quran written in gold and contoured with brown ink with a horizontal format suited to

1705:

indicate that the parchments are dated to the period before 671 CE with a 99 percent probability. The

21412: 20785: 20772: 20473: 20302: 19998: 19720: 19683: 17462: 16290: 15445: 15181: 15139: 14917: 14271: 13600:"Khalaf from Hamzah – A look at the features of recitation of al-Qur'an by Shahzada Husain Bhaisaheb" 13047: 13008: 12890: 12574: 12286: 11391: 11228: 10782: 8771: 8751:

HADDADIAN ABDORREZA; MOADDAB SEYYED REZA. "A STUDY ON TRADITIONS OF DISTORTION IN AYYASHI EXEGESIS".

7599: 7565: 7535: 7482: 7224:

should probably be interpreted in the light of IV, 105, where it is said that "Muhammad is to judge (

7037: 7035: 7027: 7019: 7011: 7003: 6197: 6074: 5978: 5883: 4157: 3869: 3471: 1587: 369: 84: 19489:

Names are sorted alphabetically. Standard form: Islamic name / Biblical name (title or relationship)

19063: 17312: 5070: 423:). It sometimes offers detailed accounts of specific historical events, and it often emphasizes the 21427: 21019: 20937: 20656: 20480: 20253: 19733: 19360: 18462: 18150: 18050: 15177: 14853: 14057: 13476: 8137: 6568: 6387: 6383: 6271: 4089: 3889: 3455: 3391: 3215:, those letters are Quranic initials for a hypothetical mathematical code in the Quran, namely the 3111:), an Arabic phrase meaning 'In the name of God.' There are, however, still 114 occurrences of the 2920:

Enthusiasts of the movement argue that among the miracles found in the Quran are "everything, from

1961: 1847:, are included in the Quran with small allusions, references or sometimes small narratives such as 1722: 1448: 462:. During the month of Ramadan, Muslims typically complete the recitation of the whole Quran during 326: 15845: 15608:

The Syro-Aramaic Reading of the Koran: a contribution to the decoding of the language of the Koran

14615:

The Syro-Aramaic reading of the Koran: a contribution to the decoding of the language of the Koran

12848:"The Anthropology of Islamic Law: Education, Ethics, and Legal Interpretation at Egypt's Al-Azhar" 10135:"10. How Can we Observe the Sala Prayers by Following the Quran Alone? - Edip-Layth - quranix.org" 9920: 2994:

Critics argue, verses that proponents say explain modern scientific facts, about subjects such as

2691:

will break through their ancient barrier wall and sweep down to scourge the earth (21:96-97); and

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in islamic literature, as well as language and linguistics; will pass it through filters such as

4287: 3684: 3556: 2973: 2921: 2902: 1567: 17: 19760: 18225: 18008: 17087: 16526: 15794: 15740: 13089: 11970: 10590: 7378:

Qira’at: All except for ʻAsem, Al-Kesa’i, Yaʻqub and Khalaf in one of his narrations read it as

5902: 1977:

in harmony. You cannot see any fault in God's creation; then look again: Can you see any flaw?"

947: 21417: 21125: 20952: 20881: 20850: 20780: 19704: 19699: 19617: 19056: 18306: 17561: 17502: 17392: 16872: 16263: 15268: 14825: 14553:(2002). "On pre-Islamic Christian strophic poetical texts in the Koran". In Warraq, Ibn (ed.). 12611: 11636: 10334:"A Comparative Study of Islamic Feminist and Traditional Shiʿi Approaches to Qurʾanic Exegesis" 8927:

Donner, Fred M. (2014). "Review: Textual Criticism and Qurʾān Manuscripts, by Keith E. Small".

8855:

For searching the Arabic text on the internet and writing, see "Cyberspace and the Qur'an", by

7961: 7456: 6999: 6991: 6739: 6371: 6311: 6305: 5944: 5568: 5508: 5058: 4997: 4967: 4951: 4138: 3904: 3511: 3003: 2886: 1898:

are more detailed and longer stories. Apart from semi-historical events and characters such as

1540: 1532: 1522: 1271: 874: 859: 59: 31: 14918:"Pilgrimage in Pre-Islamic Arabia: Continuity and Rupture from Epigraphic Texts to the Qur'an" 14388:

The Palgrave Dictionary of Transnational History: From the mid-19th century to the present day

14061: 14001: 12596: 12385: 12358: 10396: 10160: 9322: 8957:

Melchert, Christopher (2000). "Ibn Mujahid and the Establishment of Seven Qur'anic Readings".

8528:

Since the word of God seemed threatened with alteration, the caliph ordered that five of the

7390:

Qira’at: All except for ʻAsem, Al-Kesa’i, Yaʻqub and Khalaf in one of his narrations read as

6367: 1507:

which is a way and method of reciting the Qur'an was developed sometime afterwards. There are

635: 442:, the Quran is recited only in Arabic. Someone who has memorized the entire Quran is called a 21286: 20898: 20876: 19627: 19504: 18561: 18430: 18327: 17122: 16989: 16778: 16682: 16537: 16450: 16162: 15927: 15657: 15466: 15081: 14676: 14502: 14358: 14300: 14028: 13963: 13739: 12056: 11523: 11284: 11164: 10902: 10453: 10191: 9943: 9723: 9324:

Historia and fabula: myths and legends in historical thought from antiquity to the modern age

9009: 8622: 8539:

to Sham (a territory now divided into Syria, Lebanon, Palestine and Jordan), Kufa and Basra.

8429: 7612: 7578: 6744: 6648: 6564: 6544: 6536: 6391: 6323: 6062: 5576: 5484:) by the orders of Abdullah bin Umar bin Abdul Aziz on the request of the Hindu Raja Mehruk. 5255: 4894: 4421: 4413: 4345: 4133: 3958: 3742: 3697: 3451: 3208: 2283: 2158: 2116: 2047: 1957: 1632: 1334: 1281: 1276:

Muhammad's inspirations. However, Muhammad's critics accused him of being a possessed man, a

529: 451: 14642: 14003:

Islam: essays on scripture, thought and society: a festschrift in honour of Anthony H. Johns

9623:"Surah 60 Al-Mumtahanah (She that is to be examined). Read and listen Quran • Quran Academy" 5632:

1091 Quranic text in bold script with Persian translation and commentary in a lighter script

5567:

produced the first scholarly translation of the Quran into English; another was produced by

2833:

and other disciplines which inhibit a "universal conception" of the Quran's message. Author

2569:

provided general guidance and that some books were sent down to them, their stories such as

2449:). Some formal religious practices receive significant attention in the Quran including the 470:

prayers. In order to extrapolate the meaning of a particular Quranic verse, Muslims rely on

398:, which is generally considered the archetype of the Quran known today. There are, however, 21279: 21119: 20555: 20462: 20407: 18583: 18178: 18062: 18044: 17193: 17019: 15416: 14102: 11854: 10522: 8141: 7342:

professor emeritus of Islamic thought at the University of Paris, Algerian Mohammed Arkoun.

6410: 6331: 5957: 5086: 5062: 4978:. Exegesis in those days was confined to the explanation of literary aspects of the verse, 4890: 4709: 4365: 3578: 2228: 1688: 1309: 1162: 781: 776: 490: 17112: 10976: 9081:

Sadeghi, Behnam; Goudarzi, Mohsen (March 2012). "Ṣan'ā' 1 and the Origins of the Qur'ān".

8262:(New Revised Edition 2 ed.). International Islamic Publishing House. pp. 50–54. 7760: 7274:

with collecting the Qur'an into a mushaf: "It is reported... from Ibn Buraidah who said:

6354: 2537:

inscriptions, and this continuity can be observed in many details, especially in hajj and

2278:) special with the expressions used for him, such as the "word" and "spirit" from God and 1140: 1085: 1031: 1010: 997: 990: 959: 948: 937: 8: 21338: 21273: 21210: 21155: 20790: 20666: 20560: 20376: 19815: 19612: 18612: 18556: 18351: 18019: 17661: 16884: 16579: 16249: 16031: 16008: 15602: 15328: 15058: 15034: 13416: 12859: 12481: 11547: 11200: 9710: 8011: 7491: 6776: 6482: 6415: 6342: 6289: 6251: 6244: 6217: 6213: 6001: 5995: 5588: 5580: 5572: 5534: 5293: 4705: 4568: 4532:صِرَٰطَ ٱلَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ ٱلْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا ٱلضَّآلِّينَ 4385: 4338: 4303: 4290:

also, and Muslims believe that the Quran was sent down or started to be sent down on the

4257: 4143: 3777: 3677: 2961: 2890: 2824: 2622: 1766: 1672: 1415:), subsequently decided to collect the book in one volume so that it could be preserved. 1397: 1333:, a date that roughly corresponds to February or March 632. The verse was revealed after 911: 664: 365: 17517: 17443: 15005:

Krek, Miroslav (1979). "The Enigma of the First Arabic Book Printed from Movable Type".

12766:"Resource: List of Famous Qur'anic Tafasir Works – Shi'a, Sunni and Zaydi – Iqra Online" 10575: 8770:

Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Sayyari (2009). Kohlberg, Etan; Amir-Moezzi, Mohammad Ali (eds.).

5507:, originally in Arabic, into Persian. Later in the 11th century, one of the students of 1092:('remembrance'), used to refer to the Quran in the sense of a reminder and warning; and 438:—oral and written traditions believed to describe words and actions of Muhammad. During 21345: 20957: 20871: 20802: 20712: 20648: 20456: 20432: 20109: 20087: 20047: 19889: 19792: 19743: 19709: 19600: 18969: 18938: 18411: 18057: 17809: 17631: 16953: 16081: 15222: 15185: 15165: 15144: 15119: 15103: 15038: 15022: 14813: 12828: 12312: 11947: 11689: 11448: 10853: 10361: 9689: 9651: 9442:

Mapping Frontiers Across Medieval Islam: Geography, Translation and the 'Abbasid Empire

9098: 8970: 8829: 8288: 7165:(and its variants) was usual before the 19th century when it became obsolete. The form 6749: 6729: 6719: 6700: 6430: 6293: 5584: 5455: 5351: 5129: 5095:

believe the meaning of the Quran is not restricted to the literal aspect. In contrast,

5092: 5046: 4858: 4663: 4429: 4167: 4124: 4094: 4077: 4052: 3997: 3953: 3665: 3320: 3061: 3057: 2684: 2651: 2574: 2522: 2409: 2368: 2344: 2028: 1836: 1832: 1761:

The Quranic content is concerned with basic Islamic beliefs including the existence of

1743:

that expresses findings and views different from the traditional approach to the early

1702: 1313: 1285: 734: 647: 630: 539: 338: 19955: 15490:

A Deadly Misunderstanding: a Congressman's Quest to Bridge the Muslim-Christian Divide

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Leaman, Oliver, ed. (2006). The Qur'an: an encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN 9780415326391

10734: 9349: 8556: 8367: 5214:

granted by the unveiling of the realities, when he comes to the way of those in love.

4930:). Other scholars, however, maintain that no abrogation has taken place in the Quran. 4582:

is second in frequency of Qur'an recitation, for according to many early authorities,

1790:

expresses the effort to understand the implied and implicit expressions of the Quran,

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during the seventh century. Another translation of the Quran was completed in 884 in

5374: 5193:). They indicate possibilities as much as they demonstrate the insights of writers. 4971: 4445: 4381: 4218: 4204: 4172: 4119: 4032: 3992: 3854: 3568: 3463: 2925: 2610: 1770: 1605: 1556: 1455: 1180: 839: 311: 293: 15629:(1996). "Observations on Early Quran Manuscripts in Sana'a". In Wild, Stefan (ed.). 14858: 14845: 14796:

Clogg, Richard (1979). "An Attempt to Revive Turkish Printing in Istanbul in 1779".

13505:"Qur'ans from the Eastern Islamic World between the 4th/10th and 6th/12th Centuries" 6281: 5859: 4988:) of Muhammad were narrated to make its meaning clear. In addition the words of the 2803:

writes: "The Qur'an draws attention to the danger of conjecturing without evidence (

1511:

and they are not to be confused with ahruf. Shias recite the Quran according to the

21242: 20962: 20947: 20697: 20402: 20124: 20062: 20052: 20042: 20027: 19775: 19678: 19650: 19538: 19397: 18997: 18990: 18910: 18669: 18597: 18544: 18452: 18272: 17859: 17598: 17541: 17399: 17327: 17188: 16733: 16583: 16558: 16516: 16190: 16049: 15825: 15555: 15214: 15193: 15173: 15095: 15062: 15014: 14966:

Inheriting Abraham: The Legacy of the Patriarch in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

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Creative Conformity: The Feminist Politics of U.S. Catholic and Iranian Shi'i Women

9863: 9417:

Al-Maqrīzī's al-Ḫabar ʻan al-bašar: vol. V, section 4: Persia and its kings, part I

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For eschatology, see "Discovering (final destination)", by Christopher Buck, p. 30.

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One of the notable authors of esoteric interpretation prior to the 12th century is

5054: 4915: 4906: 4017: 4012: 3963: 3948: 3933: 3842: 3721: 3122: 3007: 2820: 2363:

with his wealth and becomes arrogant will be punished, arrogance befits only God. (

2205: 2185: 2173: 1965: 1927: 1852: 1840: 1828: 1824: 1744: 1668: 1571: 1259: 1202: 1059: 652: 534: 292:). Besides its religious significance, it is widely regarded as the finest work in 125: 21331: 14829: 14202: 13654:"Mediated Qur'anic Recitation and the Contestation of Islam in Contemporary Egypt" 13260: 9981: 5669: 4579: 3510:, with a few exceptions like the Byzantine victory over the Persians in wars that 1984:. God is depicted as living, eternal, omniscient and omnipotent (see, e.g., Quran 1284:

since his experiences were similar to those claimed by such figures well known in

21352: 21299: 21230: 21094: 21055: 20888: 20585: 20530: 20330: 20016: 19976: 19865: 19821: 19595: 19187: 18948: 18904: 18034: 17718: 17420: 17332: 16813: 16636: 16484: 16167: 16131: 15850: 15777: 15638: 15559: 15449: 14985: 14960: 14894: 14753: 14296: 13859: 13784: 13409: 13020: 12516: 11555: 11428: 10095: 10008: 9641: 7953: 7910: 7726: 7631: 7593: 7559: 7122: 6760: 6636: 6492: 6434: 6379: 6327: 6134: 6105: 6052: 5854: 5740:

The proper recitation of the Quran is the subject of a separate discipline named

5031: 4975: 4784: 4740: 4717: 4635: 4199: 4152: 3968: 3928: 3917: 3899: 3802: 3747: 3660: 3601: 3407: 3340: 3152: 3139: 2929: 2894: 2800: 2788: 2659: 2542: 2181: 2089: 1915: 1864: 1816: 1660:

produced on which a scholarly reconstruction of the Quranic text could be based.

1583: 1560: 1508: 1433: 1416: 974: 955: 350: 301: 47: 16933: 15789: 14755:

Religious Dynamics under the Impact of Imperialism and Colonialism: A Sourcebook

12736:

Sociology of religions: perspectives of Ali Shariati (2008) Mir Mohammed Ibrahim

11390:. The Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship at BYU. Archived from 6478:) to their unique origin, saying all of them have been revealed by the one God. 6073:. These features were added to the text during the lifetimes of the last of the 5001: 2581:

and are met with suspicion. The provisions that might arise from them, (such as

2578: 2463:. As for the manner in which the prayer is to be conducted, the Quran refers to 2423: 2165:, Abraham is among the most honorable, excellent role model father for Muslims. 1773:, ethical and legal subjects, historical events of Muhammad's time, charity and 1739:

to 632 CE and used as evidence to support conventional wisdom and to refute the

21402: 21318: 21185: 21042: 21000: 20717: 20570: 20412: 20114: 19050: 19018: 18978: 18845: 18836: 18607: 18592: 18531: 18248: 18168: 18109: 17778: 17626: 17404: 17143: 17116: 17092: 16927: 16911: 16764: 16723: 16695: 16662: 16589: 16506: 16494: 16472: 16456: 16297: 15533: 14448: 13881:

Dutton, Yasin (2001). "An Early Mushaf According To The Reading Of Ibn ʻAmir".

13289: 11571: 11372:, Irene Blomm, William Theodore De Bary, Columbia University Press, 1990, p. 65 10959: 9419:. Bibliotheca Maqriziana Opera maiora. Leiden Boston: Brill. pp. 279–281. 9199:

The Death of a Prophet: The End of Muhammad's Life and the Beginnings of Islam,

8869:

For translation, see "Translation and the Qur'an," by Afnan Fatani, pp. 657–69.

7444: 7432: 6616: 6395: 6288:, which remained authoritative in Europe for close to a century, until Cairo's 6267: 6240: 6235:

Printed copies of the Quran during this period met with strong opposition from

6205: 6186: 6024: 5977:) were introduced into the text of the Qur'an during the lifetimes of the last 5791: 5715: 5492: 5399: 5217: 5050: 4979: 4789: 4425: 4417: 4291: 4250: 4112: 4099: 4057: 4002: 3616: 3597: 3351: 3347: 3212: 3126: 3072: 3011: 2965: 2953: 2868: 2655: 2588: 2389: 2279: 2259: 2236: 2120: 1907: 1860: 1856: 1848: 1477: 1218: 1192: 942:

appears about 70 times in the Quran itself, assuming various meanings. It is a

904: 887: 791: 508: 424: 410: 395: 342: 322: 245: 30:

This article is about the central religious text of Islam. For other uses, see

18422: 15770: 15237:

Fairy Tales from Before Fairy Tales: The Medieval Latin Past of Wonderful Lies

15099: 14809: 13800: 12902: 11898:

Larkin, Margaret (1988). "The Inimitability of the Qur'an: Two Perspectives".

10878: 10439: 8689:, , Chapter 1. "The Initial Collection of the Qur'an Text", citing as-Suyuti, 4277: 1819:

state that, in the historical context, the content of the Quran is related to

1611: 1325:

The final verse of the Quran was revealed on the 18th of the Islamic month of

74: 21396: 21148: 21141: 21133: 21101: 21063: 20903: 20730: 20580: 20119: 20082: 20057: 19894: 19045: 18757: 18680: 18657: 18102: 17512: 17468: 17409: 17375: 17299: 17198: 17132: 16774: 16743: 16478: 16426: 15841:

Multilingual Quran (Arabic, English, French, German, Dutch, Spanish, Italian)

15681: 15580: 15369: 15115: 14638: 13997: 13967: 13528: 13230: 12824: 12264: 11563: 11316: 11280: 10646: 10410: 10357: 9818: 9586: 9484: 9146: 9067: 9040: 8863: 8856: 8824: 8787: 8602: 8474: 8212: 8039: 6754: 6624: 6620: 6532: 6426: 6254:

of Russia, sponsored a printing press for "Tatar and Turkish orthography" in

6225: 6167: 6006: 5968: 5926: 5850: 5772: 5617: 5560: 5412: 5335: 5173: 5157: 5145: 5107:, is the belief that the Quran should only be taken at its apparent meaning. 4488:

While standing in prayers, worshipers recite the first chapter of the Quran,

4374: 4370: 4311: 4177: 4082: 4042: 3586: 3479: 3336: 3220: 3092: 2968:, had a special edition published of his widely used textbook on Embryology ( 2852: 2688: 2413: 2364: 2307: 2299: 2204:

for Muslims who meet certain conditions, on a certain date determined by the

1974: 1923: 1891: 1883: 1726: 1657: 1652:—seem to date to a time after this standard consonantal text was established. 1498: 1326: 1206: 1188: 696: 683: 625: 579: 445: 334: 88: 17830: 17436: 16604: 13921: 13894: 13448: 13197: 13088:. Islamic Ma'aref Foundation Institute. 1988. pp. 37–45. Archived from 12499:"Afghan Quran-burning protests: What's the right way to dispose of a Quran?" 11621: 10849: 10243: 9094: 3419: 3134: 599: 220: 21293: 21253: 21113: 21088: 20990: 20915: 20565: 20417: 20295: 20011: 19860: 19845: 19559: 19141: 18898: 18484: 18417: 18083: 18040: 17732: 17713: 17708: 17497: 17453: 16948: 16533: 16446: 16200: 16115: 16098: 15990: 15917: 15626: 15169: 14933: 14886: 14224: 12994: 11579: 10393:

Cases, Materials, and Commentary on the European Convention on Human Rights

9677:

https://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/id/eprint/978528/1/Dudeck_MA_2014.pdf

9622: 8902: 8629: 8204: 6694: 6672: 6504: 6500: 6495:. The Quran recounts stories of many of the people and events recounted in 6182: 5250: 5238: 5155:, (explanation) and hermeneutic and esoteric commentaries dealing with the 5108: 5066: 4578:

Other sections of the Quran of choice are also read in daily prayers. Sura

4352: 4238: 4184: 3921: 3653: 3642: 3524: 3434: 3288: 3223:

as a hoax based on falsified data, misinterpretations of the Quran's text.

3088: 2977: 2842: 2841:

to efforts to formulate systematic explanation of natural phenomenon with "

2834: 2666:

were sent down on earth, but the garden promised to believers after death.(

2663: 2640: 2606: 2570: 2245: 2107:

as a link in the chain of prophets that begins with Adam and culminates in

1947: 1899: 1887: 1762: 1710: 1544: 1467: 892: 669: 574: 383:) by the companions, who had written down or memorized parts of it. Caliph 261: 17636: 17154: 16500: 13164:"Reappropriation: An Accommodationist Hermeneutic of Islamic Christianity" 13148: 13059: 11804: 10874:

The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Emryology with Islamic Additions

10480:"The Apocalypse in the Teachings of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi - Risale-i Nur" 10349: 9605:"Surah 22 Al-Hajj (The Pilgrimage). Read and listen Quran • Quran Academy" 9604: 8449:"Demythologizing the Qur'an Rethinking Revelation Through Naskh al-Qur'an" 7042:. For example, the pronunciation in Egypt is and in Central East Arabia . 6171:

Quran divided into six books, published by Dar Ibn Kathir, Damascus-Beirut

5551:

offered the first English version in 1649, from the French translation of

5316:

with the sentiments of Sunni Islam. Ismail Hakki Bursevi's (d. 1725) work

2473:, literally means purification implies that it is a self-purification. In 1721:, dating back to 1370 years earlier, was discovered in the library of the 1005:

In other verses, the word refers to 'an individual passage recited '. Its

307:

Muslims believe the Quran was orally revealed by God to the final Islamic

21196: 21179: 21011: 20542: 20032: 19940: 19840: 19727: 19331: 19124: 18879: 18821: 18810: 18444: 18404: 18345: 18211: 18200: 18196: 17738: 17651: 17646: 16234: 15846:

Latin script transliterated Qur'an. Hans Zirker. University of Frankfurt.

15205:

Watson, William J. (1968). "İbrāhīm Müteferriḳa and Turkish Incunabula".

14943:

Islam's Quantum Question: Reconciling Muslim Tradition and Modern Science

13553: 12804: 12450: 12041: 11997: 10738: 10669:

Islam's Quantum Question: Reconciling Muslim Tradition and Modern Science

8873: 8849:

For God in the Quran (Allah), see "Allah", by Zeki Saritoprak, pp. 33–40.

8609: 8465: 8448: 8425: 7975: 6686: 6422: 6375: 6335: 5795: 5779: 5564: 5439: 5403: 5339: 5313: 5231:

says that according to the popular explanation among later commentators,

5197: 5096: 4780: 4756: 4736: 4713: 4701: 3980: 3938: 3862: 3544: 3084: 2933: 2914: 2856:

causing them to believe that scientific truths must appear in the Quran.

2712: 2632: 2628: 2594: 2169: 1919: 1871: 1636: 1604:, it seemed impossible to conduct studies on the Qur'an that went beyond 1277: 943: 431: 17027: 16829: 16256: 14709: 14601: 12816: 12636: 12074: 11917: 11466: 10857: 10549: 10062: 9789: 9574: 9514: 8179: 7873: 7848: 7832: 7820: 6398:, may have led to the conception that the Christian Gospel is one text. 5960:. Another study suggests that this manuscript bears the vocalization of 5201: 4647: 4628: 3117: 2274: 2268: 2078: 2016: 2010: 2004: 1998: 1253:, later placed 96th in the Quranic regulations, in current writing style 419: 21374: 21173: 20845: 19927: 19884: 19855: 18860: 18740: 18644: 18635: 18219: 17866: 17819: 17703: 17384: 17137: 16210: 14672: 14436: 13193: 12387:

Pendulum: How Past Generations Shape Our Present and Predict Our Future

12037: 11552:

Arberry, A.J (1955). The Koran: Interpreted. New York: Macmillan. pp. x

9587:"Surah 38 Sad (The letter Saad). Read and listen Quran • Quran Academy" 9470: 8974: 8124: 8112: 7860: 7728:

Prophets in the Quran: An Introduction to the Quran and Muslim Exegesis

6766: 6734: 6680: 6644: 6419: 6315: 6263: 6101: 5869: 5842: 5783: 5366: 5323: 5285: 5281: 5137: 5133: 5042: 4993: 4822: 4484: 4455:

according to the personal scientific depth and tendencies of scholars.

4360: 4299: 3985: 3593: 3507: 3216: 3192: 3186: 3045: 2945: 2910: 2848: 2700: 2551: 2311: 2177: 2153:. The Quran consistently refers to Islam as "the Religion of Abraham" ( 2124: 2065: 1992: 1986: 1981: 1911: 1692: 1649: 1504: 1391: 1371: 1340:

According to Islamic tradition, the Qur'an was revealed to Muhammad in

1330: 1148: 720: 691: 399: 318: 224: 208: 19156: 16916: 16877: 16217: 16040: 15750: 15226: 12847: 11452: 11039:

National Geographic, issue mysteries of history, September 2018, p.45.

10621:"The QUR'AN, SCIENCE, AND THE (RELATED) CONTEMPORARY MUSLIM DISCOURSE" 10492:

Here he identifies the antichrist, the "fearsome individual named the

10333: 7913: 6463: 6338:, a dualistic religion believing in two eternal forces, on the Quran. 6178:

of extracts from the Quran is on record as early as the 10th century.

5259: 5245:, and a Qur'anic story have a real meaning (beyond the obvious ones). 4561: 2513:

Research shows that the rituals in the Quran, along with laws such as

2252:

and his life being narrated and recounted more than that of any other

21324: 21310: 20550: 19981: 19923: 19870: 19738: 19419: 19409: 19097: 18549: 18360: 18286: 18132: 17920: 17789: 17490: 17474: 16819: 16466: 16154: 16103: 15967: 15423: 13338: 12239:"ThE QUR'AN, SCIENCE, AND THE (RELATED)CONTEMPORARY MUSLIM DISCOURSE" 10134: 9888:"Myths from Mesopotamia – Creation, the Flood, Gilgamesh, and Others" 6512: 6200:. The first complete Quran printed with movable type was produced in 5751: 5645: 5460: 5431: 5427: 5423: 5271: 5222: 5015: 5005: 4818: 4662:

In Islam, most intellectual disciplines, including Islamic theology,

4489: 4470: 4401: 4349: 3884: 3548: 3532: 3316: 3076: 3053: 3040: 2982: 2864: 2770: 2735: 2546: 2491: 2432: 2397: 2360: 2352: 2134: 1895: 1795: 1680: 1401: 1298: 1265: 439: 414: 19114: 15790:

Several digitised Qurans in the Cambridge University Digital Library

15146:

The Qur'an in Islam: Its Impact and Influence on the Life of Muslims

14501:

Griffith, Signey (2008). "Christian Lore and the Arabic Qur'an". In

14302:

Subjects of the Sultan: culture and daily life in the Ottoman Empire

14030:

Subjects of the Sultan: culture and daily life in the Ottoman Empire

8966: 8488: 4541:

In the Name of Allah the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.

3091:, depending on whether the verses were revealed before or after the 2335:) besides trusting in God. This is the main theme in the stories of 2211: 1489: 21167: 20893: 20389: 20247: 20199: 19993: 19899: 19850: 19578: 19321: 19161: 19146: 18435: 18117: 17957: 17946: 17939: 17728: 17576: 17555: 17183: 17077: 17002: 16677: 16342: 16304: 16110: 15218: 15018: 14591:

3:3 نزل عليك الكتاب بالحق مصدقا لما بين يديه وانزل التوراة والانجيل

14453: 14066:

The Encyclopaedia of Islam: Fascicules 111–112 : Masrah Mawlid

13163: 12423: 12238: 11444: 10928: 10620: 8940: 8852:

For eschatology, see "Eschatology," by Zeki Saritoprak, pp. 194–99.

6640: 6153: 6030: 5922: 5822: 5719: 5609: 5496: 5481: 5407: 5395: 5178: 5116: 4935: 4910: 4583: 4507: 4474: 4452: 4433: 4194: 4162: 3876: 3810: 3540: 3495: 3475: 3447: 3427: 3418:(both eloquence and rhetoric) is the doctrine which holds that the 3415: 3387: 3204: 2987: 2941: 2859: 2762: 2747: 2708: 2534: 2417: 2386: 2382: 2248:

and is the most frequently mentioned individual in the Quran, with

2223: 2189: 2108: 2084: 1969: 1879: 1820: 1779: 1730: 1663: 1597: 1405: 1322:—they take it to indicate unfamiliarity with earlier sacred texts. 1246: 1222: 1209:

and formed an independent Muslim community, he ordered many of his

869: 834: 498: 471: 373: 315: 300:. It is the object of a modern field of academic research known as 257: 92: 12899:

Tafseer Al-Mizan <!-– Allamah Muhammad Hussein Tabatabai -->

11855:"THE QURANIC PROPHECY OF THE DEFEAT AND VICTORY OF THE BYZANTINES" 9868:

Myths from Mesopotamia: Creation, The Flood, Gilgamesh, and Others

9813: 9801: 9297:

Islamic Law and the Legal System of Saudí: Studies of Saudi Arabia

8750: 8012:

Richard Bell (Revised and Enlarged by W. Montgomery Watt) (1970).

3414:), "inimitability challenge" of the Qur'an in sense of feṣāḥa and 3268:. The Quran is also divided into seven approximately equal parts, 3211:

or for the names or content of the respective suras. According to

3034: 3032:

The Quran consists of 114 chapters of varying lengths, known as a

2810:) and in several different verses asks Muslims to require proofs ( 2530: 1555:" and the change was a result of the "rise to power of the Sunni ' 1176: 21204: 20908: 20504: 20192: 20072: 19950: 19945: 19932: 19916: 19909: 19904: 19636: 19387: 19182: 18686: 18499: 18456: 18385: 18380: 18317: 18252: 18238: 18140: 17795: 17784: 17583: 17546: 17276: 17220: 17126: 16737: 16709: 16562: 16520: 16436: 16373: 16324: 16245: 15840: 15471:

Qurʼānic Christians: an analysis of classical and modern exegesis

14413:

The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe

13686:"Best Quran Recitation Competition for Students Planned in Egypt" 13056:

Tafsir Al-Mizan <!-– Allamah Muhammad Hussein Tabatabai -->

11082:

Islam in South Asia: Revised, Enlarged and Updated Second Edition

10754:"Split Moon image goes viral on WhatsApp; Fact Check | Digit Eye" 10501: 10493: 9969: 9786: 8557:"Sahih Bukhari, volume 6, book 61, narrations number 509 and 510" 7089: 6576: 6548: 6540: 6516: 6496: 6285: 6221: 6175: 6042: 5898: 5874: 5799: 5759: 5747: 5380: 5370: 5308: 5100: 5035: 5023: 4721: 4449: 4319: 4027: 3704: 3552: 3503: 3441: 3423: 3328: 3309: 3228: 3157: 3098: 2995: 2949: 2937: 2829: 2758: 2754: 2731: 2727: 2704: 2667: 2598: 2555: 2495: 2483: 2460: 2456: 2428: 2287: 2263: 2253: 2142: 2112: 2104: 2064:

In Islam, God speaks to people called prophets through a kind of

2042:

that have changed and developed throughout history regarding his

2023: 1706: 1616: 1548: 1494: 1351: 1250: 1214: 1210: 1100:('wisdom'), sometimes referring to the revelation or part of it. 1027: 1006: 708: 593: 465: 357: 253: 164: 15311:

The heart of the Qurʼan: an introduction to Islamic spirituality

13322:"The Virgins and the Grapes: the Christian Origins of the Koran" 12981:

as a Mirror: al-Qushayri the murshid in his Lataif al-isharat".

10290:"Sperm stealing: a moral crime by three of David's ancestresses" 10013:(Online-Ausg. ed.). Macmillan Reference. pp. 568–562. 9841:(Repr. ed.). McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 184. 9760:

Abraham's children: Jews, Christians and Muslims in conversation

8618:

For literary structure, see "Language," by Mustansir Mir, p. 93.

5171:

interpretation relates Quranic verses to the inner or esoteric (

3027: 1843:

and many nations in their historical neighbourhoods, especially

1566:

Other personal copies of the Quran might have existed including

1447:), requested the standard copy from her. According to historian 588: 286: 178: 21236: 21224: 21161: 21081: 20422: 20396: 20355: 20316: 20233: 20146: 20067: 19969: 19879: 19810: 19805: 19572: 19496: 19430: 19305: 19177: 19092: 19011: 18953: 18769: 18763: 18469: 18295: 18280: 18077: 18029: 17966: 17934: 17847: 17757: 17692: 17588: 17336: 17317: 17212: 17178: 16823: 16792: 16769: 16640: 16548: 16440: 16312: 16148: 16091: 16071: 16013: 16000: 15985: 12956:(1. publ., transferred to digital print. ed.). Routledge. 11940:"The Origins of the Koran: Classic Essays on Islam's Holy Book" 10497: 10258: 6771: 6584: 6580: 6475: 6319: 6201: 5943:(d. 812) which are according to two of Ibn Mujahid's reciters, 5910: 5742: 5735: 5697: 5513: 5451: 5443: 5411:

contain reflections and even distortions caused by the region,

5189: 5168: 5112: 5104: 5027: 4989: 4984: 4943: 4886: 4682: 4667: 4441: 4405: 4047: 4037: 3826: 3794: 3786: 3771: 3765: 3649: 3571:

lists the factors that led to the emergence of the doctrine of

3536: 3467: 3270: 3199: 3180: 2814: 2807: 2796: 2792: 2766: 2602: 2445: 2393: 2340: 2332: 2319: 2201: 2138: 2035: 1951: 1931: 1783: 1601: 1536: 1463: 1437: 1197: 1095: 1079: 1016: 1009:

context is seen in a number of passages, for example: "So when

768: 703: 457: 435: 384: 321:

incrementally over a period of some 23 years, beginning on the

297: 18177:(The valley on the 'righthand' side of the Valley of Tuwa and 13314: 12424:"Book 26, Hadith 1 Chapter: Regarding the virtue of knowledge" 12383: 10914:

Joseph Needham, revised with the assistance of Arthur Hughes,

5684:

Title page of the first German translation (1772) of the Quran

4473:, the first chapter of the Quran, is recited in full in every 1964:

in various verses without referring to the terms to prove the

978: 474:, or commentary rather than a direct translation of the text. 21107: 21069: 20671: 20496: 20450: 20438: 20240: 20226: 20185: 19962: 19657: 19643: 19564: 19527: 19351: 19006: 18983: 18751: 18745: 18715: 18397: 18299: 18122: 18095: 18071: 17981: 17852: 17764: 17536: 17485: 17448: 17354: 17072: 17055: 16784: 16727: 16699: 16622: 16608: 16593: 16569: 16543: 16510: 16488: 16460: 16384: 16354: 16347: 16338: 16329: 16178: 16136: 15931: 15816: 15806: 14747: 10505: 10295: 9824: 8769: 8067:

Ulum al-Qur'an: an introduction to the sciences of the Qur an

7745: 7278: 7068: 6970: 6918: 6872: 6829: 6608: 6596: 6592: 6588: 6572: 6556: 6552: 6524: 6508: 6471: 6470:

The Quran attributes its relationship with former books (the

6438: 6405: 6358: 6236: 6229: 6017: 5940: 5931: 5918: 5906: 5846: 5755: 5723: 5544: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5419: 5418:

Islamic tradition also holds that translations were made for

5314:

God's manifestation through and in the physical world notions

5306:(d. 1273) wrote a vast amount of mystical poetry in his book 4838: 4764: 4760: 4656: 4478: 4464: 4393: 4389: 4342: 4315: 4307: 4189: 4067: 3716: 3709: 3632: 3624: 3582: 3491: 3397: 3362: 3305: 3238:) can be used to read through the entire Quran in a month. A 3174: 2957: 2872: 2838: 2805:

And follow not that of which you have not the knowledge of...

2739: 2719:

applied to some ayah/hadith fragments in his own prophecies.

2716: 2692: 2582: 2559: 2538: 2518: 2514: 2503: 2499: 2487: 2469: 2451: 2372: 2356: 2336: 2315: 2303: 2291: 2219: 2215: 2197: 2162: 2150: 2146: 2129: 2097: 2073: 1903: 1875: 1799: 1787: 1774: 1684: 1671:. Possibly the oldest, best preserved and most comprehensive 1552: 1387: 1355: 1341: 1230: 1226: 1087: 1020: 715: 564: 346: 277: 273: 266: 249: 151: 115: 15410: 12589:"Are the verses of the Qur'an Abrogated and/or Substituted?" 10877:. Abul Qasim Publishing House (Saudi Arabia). Archived from 10120:. 2002, Bd. 26, S. 429.; Yüksel; al-Shaiban; Schulte-Nafeh: 9758:. In Solomon, Norman; Harries, Richard; Winter, Tim (eds.). 9415:

Maqrīzī, Aḥmad Ibn-ʿAlī al-; Hämeen-Anttila, Jaakko (2018).

9170:"A Find in Britain: Quran Fragments Perhaps as Old as Islam" 8901:

Egypt's culture wars: politics and practice – Page 278

8704:"Noorullah Website - Is the Qur'an Corrupted? Shi'ites View" 8543:

were written in one place between "The Heights" and "Jonah."

6050:

was in very widespread use. In North Africa and Iberia, the

5935:. Today, the most popular readings are those transmitted by 2724:

the nature, structure and dimensions of the celestial bodies

20337: 20309: 20259: 20206: 20151: 19664: 19151: 19075: 18706: 18489: 18162: 17951: 17841: 17825: 17370: 17082: 16788: 16747: 16618: 16573: 16430: 16279: 16183: 14247:"The Quran in East and West: Manuscripts and Printed Books" 12185: 11962: 11583:

An account of the Rise and Progress of Mohammadanism (1911)

10927:

Non-Muslim scientists have also found the case for Quranic

6889: 6820: 6647:, Professor of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations at 6528: 6520: 5961: 5936: 5914: 5891: 5660:

The first printed Quran in a European vernacular language:

5644:

Arabic Quran with interlinear Persian translation from the

5447: 5388: 5303: 4939: 4671: 4652: 4409: 4397: 4310:, and the reading begins by mentioning the names of Allah, 3818: 3726: 3487: 3483: 3246: 2881: 2676: 2636: 2526: 2507: 2478: 2474: 2464: 2348: 2069: 1791: 1644: 1625: 1518: 1459: 1234: 1071: 1053: 1045: 14193:

Nuovo, Angela (1990). "A Lost Arabic Koran Rediscovered".

12552: 7059: 6961: 6909: 6639:

developed rapidly into an art form. The Arabic grammarian

5612:

translation of the Quran Sharif has been found in village

4404:

thinking that the Quran is a complete and clear book; and

4306:

is performed, one seeks refuge in Allah from the accursed

3067: 2119:, more often than any other biblical personage apart from 1436:

was entrusted with the manuscript until the third caliph,

1335:

the Prophet finished delivering his sermon at Ghadir Khumm

19341: 18735: 18517: 15921: 15704: 14899:

Islamic Publications for The Institute of Ismaili Studies

14573: 14556:

What the Koran Really Says: Language, Text and Commentary

13390:"More than 300 publishers visit Quran exhibition in Iran" 13107:(Paperback ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 363–373. 12931:(Paperback ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 350–362. 10504:; ... The true, a-historical Christianity (symbolized by 10321:

Translation of the Holy Quran: A Call for Standardization

9457:

Arabian ruler can be traced in many early Arabic sources.

9147:"'Oldest' Koran fragments found in Birmingham University" 8621:

For writing and printing, see "Written Transmission", by

8317:"What Is Ahruf And Qirat? | A Full Guide - Ulum Al Azhar" 6941: 6852: 6069:

In the beginning, the Quran was not written with dots or

5951:(Medina, d. 785), respectively. The influential standard 5601: 5384: 5258:) would not violate the following statement in the Quran 5022:; The high class scholars in Iran who have the authority 5019: 4947: 4281:

Talismanic tunic, North India-Deccan, Metropolitan Museum

3300: 2034:

Even though Muslims do not doubt about the existence and

15811: 14675:; Mir, Mustansir (2002). "Literature and the Quran". In 14093:. In Akyeampong, Emmanuel K; Gates, Henry Louis (eds.). 12739: 12451:"Postmodernism Approach in Islamic Jurisprudence (Fiqh)" 11568:

Leaman, Oliver (2006). The Qur'an: an Encyclopedia.p.404

9543: 8862:

For calligraphy, see by "Calligraphy and the Qur'an" by

8044:(Reprint. ed.). Cambridge Univ. Press. p. 32. 7958:

Living Religions: An Encyclopaedia of the World's Faiths

7277:

The first of those to collect the Qur'an into a mushaf (

2722:

In the apocalyptic scenes, clues are included regarding

2680:'the Day of the Gathering' or 'the Day of the Meeting'. 2318:, will pray behind him and then kill the False Messiah ( 1839:. Many places, subjects and mythological figures in the 15084:(August 1991). "The Quest of the Historical Muhammad". 14897:. London: Kegan Paul International in association with 13711:(New ed.). Cairo : American Univ. in Cairo Press. 13229:

Fatani, Afnan (2006), "Translation and the Qur'an", in

11937: 11384:"Editor's Introduction: By What Measure Shall We Mete?" 11229:"Appendix 1, One of the Great Miracles [74:35]" 9080: 9053: 8876:, pp. 71–81; and "Reading", by Stefan Wild, pp. 532–35. 8652: 6394:. One scholar has suggested that the Diatessaron, as a 6004:

and copyists. The earliest manuscripts were written in

5971:

vocalization markers indicating specific vowel sounds (

4899:

The Quran has sparked much commentary and explication (

3523:

of the Quran began to appear in the 9th century in the

3197:. The original significance of the letters is unknown. 1890:("the man with two horns") who built a barrier against 1350:

are the same Qur'an revealed in seven different Arabic

1241: 18012:('The Sandy Plains,' or 'the Wind-curved Sand-hills') 15561:

Literary Structures of Religious Meaning in the Qur'ān

14748:

Bentlage, Björn; Eggert, Marion; Krämer, Hans-Martin;

14052: 14050: 13472:"Gurmukhi translation of Quran traced to Moga village" 11773:

Syukron, Ahmad; Khairiyah, Nikmatul (31 August 2024).

10389:

Refah Partİsİ (The Welfare Party) And Others V. Turkey

9519: 8608:

For the history of compilation see "Introduction," by

8040:

P.M. Holt, Ann K.S. Lambton and Bernard Lewis (1970).

6270:

between 1875 and 1877 as a two-volume set, during the

3594:

claim that the Quran was encrypted using the number 19

2907:

Commission on Scientific Signs in the Quran and Sunnah

2783:

Commission on Scientific Signs in the Quran and Sunnah

1863:

etc. However, some philosophers and scholars such as

984: 15830: 15771:

The British Library: Discovering Sacred Texts – Islam

15240:. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. 13135:

Reconsidered: Exploring the Development of a Genre".

11587:

A Comparative Lexical Study of Qur'anic Arabic (2002)

10952: 10409:

Buck C (2006). "Discovering (final destination)". In

10316: 10314: 9414: 8529: 7230:) mankind on the basis of the Book sent down to him." 7081: 7071: 7056: 6973: 6958: 6944: 6921: 6906: 6886: 6869: 6855: 6832: 6817: 6651:, and Mustansir Mir, Professor of Islamic studies at 6348: 5262:;"none knows its interpretation (ta'wil) except God" 1643:

here was a very early attempt to establish a uniform

1551:

author "to adopt a position identical to that of the

450:. Ideally, verses are recited with a special kind of 18710:(literally 'The Pilgrimage', the Greater Pilgrimage) 15835: 15430:. transl. J. Cooper (ed.). Oxford University Press. 14357:

Dorn (2002). "Chronologisches Verzeichnis, 371". In

12750:

harvnb error: no target: CITEREFNewman_in_Meri2006 (

12377: 11115: 10995: 9531: 9368: 7225: 7219: 7115: 7065: 6967: 6938: 6915: 6849: 6826: 6662: 6635:

After the Quran, and the general rise of Islam, the

6239:: printing anything in Arabic was prohibited in the 6060:

script which was used solely in the north of India.

5827: 5813: 5766: 5369:

Muslim girls reciting the Quran placed atop folding

5317: 5297: 5275: 5232: 5182: 5150: 4925: 4919: 4900: 4687: 4675: 4332: 3572: 3518: 3466:. The emergence of the Qur’ān was an oral and aural 3439: 3401: 3373: 3367: 3355: 3281: 3275: 3263: 3257: 3251: 3239: 3233: 3168: 3146: 2970:

The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology

2586: 1526: 1512: 1481: 1471: 1427: 1365: 1359: 1345: 1317: 1292: 1257: 1146: 1134: 1128: 1122: 1116: 1110: 1104: 1093: 1077: 1069: 1063: 1051: 1043: 1037: 463: 455: 443: 284: 271: 64: 14047: 13976:(2a reimpr. ed.). Blackwell. pp. 172–87. 13783:Melchert, Christopher (2008). "The Relation of the 13574:"The Great Imām of Qirā'ah: Muhammad Ibn al-Jazari" 12547: 12545: 12521:

Literacy and Development: Ethnographic Perspectives

12204: 11946:. Summarised by Sharon Morad, Leeds. Archived from 10977:"Beyond Bucailleism: Science, Scriptures and Faith" 10918:(Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1959), p.82 10898: 10896: 9350:

https://www.iasj.net/iasj/download/194df3cf9e25bbef

9008:Gilliot, C. (2006). "Creation of a fixed text". In 8574: 8518: 8516: 8514: 8499: 8420: 8418: 8227:"The Origins of the Variant Readings of the Qur'an" 8097:. University of Southern California. Archived from 7757:

Hebrew Union College – Jewish Institute of Religion

7062: 6964: 6935: 6912: 6846: 6823: 6611:are mentioned in the Quran as prophets of God (see 4614:

Say, ˹O Prophet,˺ "He is God—One ˹and Indivisible˺;

3462:The Quran is widely regarded as the finest work in 3207:) has interpreted them as abbreviations for either 2192:describing "sacrific animalistic nature", Orthodox 1757:

List of characters and names mentioned in the Quran

1696: 1623:, one of the oldest surviving copies of the Qur'an 394:) established a standard version, now known as the 15880: 15509:Women in the Qur'an, Traditions and Interpretation 15143: 14857: 13996: 13523: 13521: 13408: 13406: 12954:Sufi commentaries on the Qur'an in classical Islam 10612: 10311: 10158: 9555: 8828: 8069:(Repr. ed.). Islamic Foundation. p. 37. 7592: 7558: 7479: 4331:According to Islam, the Quran is the word of God ( 2435:, verse 185) from a Quran manuscript dated to 1510 1454:Around the 650s, The Islamic expansion beyond the 15800: 14683:. Vol. 3. Leiden: Brill. pp. 213, 216. 13933: 13931: 11798: 11796: 11291:, vol. 3, Leiden: Brill, pp. 192, 204, 11141: 10270: 10213:Nomani, Asra Q.; Arafa, Hala (21 December 2015). 10075:Islamic Modernism in India and Pakistan 1857–1964 9921:"Dyed in Virtue: The Qur'ān and Plato's Republic" 7218:, the verses pertaining to the usage of the word 5818:is at a slower pace, used for study and practice. 5778:The recitations of a few Egyptian reciters, like 5454:languages. The first translator of the Quran was 2577:in the Bible conveyed from any source are called 2533:) and charity (zakāt) can be seen in pre-Islamic 1812:. Oil on canvas painting by Edward Poynter, 1890. 1103:The Quran describes itself as 'the discernment' ( 1076:('revelation'), that which has been "sent down" ( 368:." According to tradition, several of Muhammad's 21394: 18320:, literally 'The Farthest Place-of-Prostration') 16908:Mother Abiona or Amtelai the daughter of Karnebo 15754:, published by King Fahd Qur'an Printing Complex 15426:(1987) . "Jāmiʻ al-bayān ʻan taʼwīl al-qurʼān". 15335:(Second ed.). University Of Chicago Press. 14276:Columbia University Libraries Online Exhibitions 14251:Columbia University Libraries Online Exhibitions 13958: 13956: 13838: 13565: 13013:"The Principles of Interpretation of the Qur'an" 12542: 12113: 11772: 10893: 10807: 10805: 10803: 10523:"Hurufilik Akımının Kur'an Ayetlerini İstismarı" 9945:The Book of Proverbs and Arabic Proverbial Works 9373:(usually identified with Alexander the Great) ". 8511: 8415: 7532: 6262:. The first edition printed in Iran appeared in 2490:as fard. However, some religious groups such as 15709:(First ed.). Center for Islamic Sciences. 14209: 14164:"Saudi Aramco World: East Meets West in Venice" 13518: 13261:https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED613311.pdf 13224: 13222: 13220: 13042: 13040: 13038: 11431:(Winter 1983–1984). "The Apocalypse of Islam". 11256:The Qur'an's Numerical Miracle: Hoax and Heresy 10666: 10007:Esack, Farid (2003). Martin, Richard C. (ed.). 9212:"New Light on the History of the Quranic Text?" 8343:"Background of 7 Ahruf (Dialects) of the Quran" 7591: 7557: 7002:varies regionally. The first vowel varies from 6232:in 1698 with Latin translation and commentary. 6224:in 1694, and the edition by the Italian priest 4704:and specifically the so-called Quranic arts of 4590:is equivalent to one-third of the whole Quran. 4545:The Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful, 2998:, the origin and history of the Earth, and the 1810:The Visit of the Queen of Sheba to King Solomon 1377: 15817:Quran Archive – Texts and Studies on the Quran 14000:; Street, Tony; Johns, Anthony Hearle (1997). 13928: 13082:"The Qur'an Possesses Revelation and Exegesis" 12970: 12922: 12920: 12895:"The Outward and Inward Aspects of the Qur'an" 12787: 12785: 12783: 12745: 12338:A student's approach to world religions: Islam 12230: 12084: 12082: 12063:. Vol. 1. Leiden: Brill. pp. 127–35. 12022:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 137, 138, 141, 147. 11793: 11708: 11406: 11343: 11323:(2a reimpr. ed.). Blackwell. p. 93. 11207:. University of California Press. p. 81. 11154: 11152: 10419:(2a reimpr. ed.). Blackwell. p. 30. 10088:"Ek 15 – Dini Görevler: Tanrı'dan Bir Armağan" 9382: 8989:Which Koran? Variants, Manuscript, Linguistics 8908: 8669: 8667: 8289:"Qira't and the 7 Ahruf: All You Need To Know" 7804: 7802: 7800: 7798: 7663: 5517:of the Quran in Persian. In the 12th century, 3438:Anonymous painting, taken from a 16th-century 3426:and its inimitability is the proof granted to 1916:tales of the hebrew prophets accepted in Islam 21027: 19512: 15866: 15666:(First ed.). Brill Academic Publishers. 15532: 15511:(Reprint ed.). Oxford University Press. 15488:Siljander, Mark D.; Mann, John David (2008). 15487: 15376:(Book & CD ed.). White Cloud Press. 15374:Approaching the Qur'ān: The Early Revelations 14777:. In Berlin, Adele; Grossman, Maxine (eds.). 13953: 13813: 13658:In Music and Play of Power in the Middle East 12109:. Chicago IL: Iqra' Book Center. p. vii. 12098: 11628: 10800: 10703: 10701: 9385:Khwadāynāmag The Middle Persian Book of Kings 9263: 9261: 8436:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 31–33. 7948: 7946: 7904: 7796: 7794: 7792: 7790: 7788: 7786: 7784: 7782: 7780: 7778: 6418:. A common folktale finds its place in the 6066:style was also rarely used in Persian world. 5251:human qualities which are attributed to Allah 5221:An early interpretation format of the Quran, 4258: 3506:statements about the Quran hadn't focused on 2703:interpreted the expressions in the Quran and 2510:) to be fulfilled and others say simply not. 1084:) at intervals. Other related words include: 912: 15980:(wolf) that Jacob feared could attack Joseph 15087:International Journal of Middle East Studies 14798:International Journal of Middle East Studies 14779:The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion 14385: 13415:. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 13217: 13035: 12304: 12278: 12145: 12048: 11971:"Calgary police nab suspect in imam killing" 11822:"WAR AND PEACE IN PRE-ISLAMIC ARABIC POETRY" 11736: 11734: 11139: 11133: 10829: 10165:. Georgetown University Press. p. 118. 10073:Zum Beispiel Sayyid Ahmad Khan. Vgl. Ahmad: 10002: 10000: 9167: 8952: 8950: 8872:For recitation, see "Art and the Qur'an" by 7924: 7885: 7106: 7093: 5802:. Today, crowds fill auditoriums for public 5775:and Tuhfat al-Atfal by Sulayman al-Jamzuri. 5661: 5552: 5499:(961–976), ordered a group of scholars from 5265: 5034:, Ayatollah, Ayatollah Al-Uzma and gained 4618:He has never had offspring, nor was He born. 4549:It is You we worship and You we ask for help 3551:, concision, clarity of speech (bayān), and 3162: 3103: 3048:is 6,236; however, the number varies if the 2325: 1886:according to the Quran) and mysterious hero 965: 199: 14647:. US: Oxford University Press. p. 40. 14365:. Vol. 3. Leiden: Brill. p. 251. 13103:Mojaddedi, Jawid (2008). "No title given". 13096: 13074: 13001: 12917: 12780: 12571:"How can there be abrogation in the Quran?" 12129: 12079: 11944:The Christian response to the Muslim debate 11171:. Vol. 3. Leiden: Brill. p. 472. 11149: 11078: 10695:, Random House: 2005, pp. 20–21. 10212: 9109: 8915:Donner, "Quran in Recent Scholarship", 2008 8800:Kohlberg & Amir-Moezzi 2009, p.24-26-27 8725:. London,UK: Fountain Books. pp. 5, 7. 8664: 7718: 7128: 6623:is mentioned in the Quran more than in the 6334:, some scholars also suspect influences by 5925:. Ibn Mujahid did not explain why he chose 5149:('outward aspects') of the text are called 5036:tutelage over people and the administration 3115:in the Quran, due to its presence in Quran 21041: 21034: 21020: 19519: 19505: 18338:A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly: 17652:ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim 17454:Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad) 16832:(Joshua, companion and successor of Moses) 15873: 15859: 15637: 15233: 14579: 14344:A Brief History of the Late Ottoman Empire 13597: 13411:Islam: A Thousand Years of Faith and Power 13126: 13124: 13007: 12889: 12703:"The Hadith Book (48. Witnesses): nr. 819" 12055:Jenssen, H. (2001). "Arabic Language". In 11694:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 11603: 11601: 11560:Armstrong, K (1994). A History of God.p.78 11427: 11283:(2002), "Literary Structure of Quran", in 10935:"Islamic embryology: overblown balderdash" 10864: 10776: 10774: 10772: 10770: 10711:. CastRoller. 11 July 2014. Archived from 10698: 10455:Understanding the Qur'an: themes and style 10206: 10010:Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim world 9830: 9749: 9747: 9482: 9320: 9314: 9270:"What do we actually know about Mohammed?" 9258: 8809:Kohlberg & Amir-Moezzi 2009, pp.20, 24 8392: 8390: 8388: 7943: 7775: 7362:Göttingische Anzeigen von gelehrten Sachen 7193:. The adjectives vary as well and include 6491:) the Quran's language was similar to the 5076: 4805:Quran page decoration art, Ottoman period. 4265: 4251: 3038:. Each sūrah consists of verses, known as 2565:Although it is believed in Islam that the 2525:rituals. Arabic words meaning pilgrimage ( 2359:, the person who avoids searching for the 919: 905: 364:to fiercely debate whether the Quran was " 73: 21128:(Roman Catholicism, Eastern Christianity) 16199: 15706:The Integrated Encyclopedia of the Qur'an 15656: 15601: 15507:Stowasser, Barbara Freyer (1 June 1996). 15506: 15465: 15422: 15411:Traditional Quranic commentaries (tafsir) 15164: 15138: 15040:Islam: Religion, History and Civilization 14828:(2013). "Gog and Magog". In Fleet, Kate; 14707: 14612: 14410: 13937: 13776: 13745:"Recitation," by Anna M. Gade, pp. 481–93 13651: 13441:"Al-i-Imran (The Family of Imran) Part 1" 13348:, (Cairo: Matba'at at-Tadamun n.d.), 380. 13102: 12656: 12384:Roy H. Williams; Michael R. Drew (2012). 12254: 12104: 11852: 11731: 11711:Complete Idiot's Guide to World Religions 11540: 11016:"RE: Number of Unique Words in the Quran" 10636: 10578:. Oriental Institute Barods. 2 June 2024. 10264: 10118:Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi 10032: 10030: 9997: 9444:. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 97–98. 9360: 9140: 9138: 9016:. Cambridge University Press. p. 52. 8947: 8819: 8817: 8815: 8729: 8714: 8646:"Zayd ibn Thabit and the Glorious Qur'an" 8591: 8589: 8548: 8522: 8464: 8440: 8347:Rizqan Kareem - Most Excellent Sustenance 8315:Academy, Ulum Al-Azhar (13 August 2024). 7986: 7666:Complete Idiot's Guide to World Religions 7645: 7619: 7585: 7551: 5863:Page of the Quran with vocalization marks 5543:, was the first into a Western language ( 4543:praise is to Allah, Lord of the worlds — 2991:, or easily explained by "common sense". 2812:Say: Bring your proof if you are truthful 1701:) is still barely visible. Studies using 973:) meaning 'he read' or 'he recited'. The 427:of an event over its narrative sequence. 15751:Journal of Qur'anic Research and Studies 15554: 15473:. New York: Cambridge University Press. 15349: 15267: 15207:Journal of the American Oriental Society 14959: 14940: 14637: 14500: 14341: 14056: 13782: 13760:Textual Criticism and Qur'an Manuscripts 13674:on 19 May 2020 – via pdfslide.net. 13620: 13239:, New York: Routledge, pp. 657–69, 12945: 12802: 12350: 12236: 12158:. Oxford University Press. p. 192. 11968: 11819: 11740: 11709:Toropov, Brandon; Buckles, Luke (2004). 11381: 11279: 11048: 10618: 9549: 9525: 9383:Hämeen-Anttila, Jaakko (17 April 2018). 9235: 9233: 9047: 8956: 8740:. London,UK: Fountain Books. p. 29. 7918: 7692: 7664:Toropov, Brandon; Buckles, Luke (2004). 7650:. Edinburgh: Penguin books. p. 74. 6519:), although it differs in many details. 6400: 6166: 6056:style was popular. More distinct is the 5858: 5709: 5700:in this Chinese translation of the Quran 5361: 5216: 5010: 4528:إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ 4495: 4483: 4276: 3607: 3433: 3299: 3066: 2858: 2776: 2769:have come from foreign cultures through 2730:1-5) or (shahap; meteor, burning fire) ( 2683:"Signs of the hour" in the Quran are a " 2645: 2585:) could only be "abrogated provisions" ( 2422: 2290:6, while he is a harbinger of Muhammad, 2210: 2176:by surrendering in line with his dream,( 2022: 1804: 1662: 1610: 1488: 1240: 1036:in certain contexts. Such terms include 931: 15795:2017-232-1 al-Qurʼān. / القرآن at OPenn 15289: 14671: 14549: 14295: 14026: 13962: 13874: 13832: 13807: 13700: 13652:Frishkopf, Michael (28 December 2009). 13572:Thānawi, Qāri Izhār (21 January 2019). 13571: 13502: 13407:Bloom, Jonathan; Blair, Sheila (2002). 13394:Hürriyet Daily News and Economic Review 13121: 12845: 12650:التهذيب والترتيب الاتقان في علوم القرآن 12533: 12440:, Oxford University Press, 2015, pg. 90 12438:Hermeneutics: A Very Short Introduction 12356: 12151: 12054: 11891: 11805:https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367344092-6 11666: 11607: 11598: 10969: 10767: 10582: 10445: 10179: 9839:Ethico-religious concepts in the Qur'an 9744: 9633: 9493:. New York: Routledge. pp. 33–40. 9201:University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011. 9187: 9074: 9007: 8735: 8720: 8385: 8314: 8257: 8190: 8064: 8058: 8007: 8005: 8003: 8001: 7999: 7997: 7995: 7925:Sandıkcı, Özlem; Rice, Gillian (2011). 7724: 7503: 7501: 5984: 5832:reciter seeks to involve the listeners. 5524:Hürriyet Daily News and Economic Review 5091:Shias and Sunnis as well as some other 3563:('the Arguments of Inimitability') and 3106:بِسْمِ ٱللَّٰهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ 3017: 2379:Commanding ma’ruf and forbidding munkar 2249: 2027:A 12th-century Quran manuscript at the 296:, and has significantly influenced the 14: 21395: 17162:(Qaddar ibn Salif and Musda' ibn Dahr) 17048:Believer (Hizbil or Hizqil ibn Sabura) 16852: 15745:School of Oriental and African Studies 15680: 15633:. Leiden: E.J. Brill. pp. 107–11. 15579: 15540:(First ed.). UK Islamic Academy. 15327: 15204: 15190:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition 15114: 15080: 14885: 14772: 14325: 14186: 13880: 13731: 13706: 13678: 13645: 13614: 13591: 13559:"Reading," by Stefan Wild, pp. 532–35. 13527: 13228: 13186: 13161: 12976: 12927:Godlas, Alan (2008). "No tile given". 12926: 12791: 12515: 12410: 12284: 12210: 12186:Mir Sajjad Ali; Zainab Rahman (2010). 12011: 11938:Warraq I, et al. Warraq I (ed.). 11897: 11511: 11375: 11363: 11158: 10932: 10931:explanation about embryology lacking. 10835: 10780: 10745: 10451: 10331: 10185: 10152: 10027: 9941: 9836: 9753: 9722:Ltd, Hymns Ancient Modern (May 1996). 9639: 9537: 9135: 9115: 8926: 8823: 8812: 8673: 8595: 8586: 8554: 8424: 8091:"Translation of Sahih Bukhari, Book 1" 8035: 8033: 7952: 7886:Jaffer, Abbas; Jaffer, Masuma (2009). 7879: 7241:Hadith studies#Evaluating authenticity 5729: 5579:, The Clear Quran by Mustafa Khattab, 5057:. More modern works of Tafsir include 5000:, many Judeo-Christian stories called 4841:, which became common under the early 4817:Quranic verses, Shahizinda mausoleum, 4620:And there is none comparable to Him." 4520:بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ 3478:socially honored, as could be seen on 3244:is sometimes further divided into two 2174:Abraham's attempt to sacrifice his son 1798:, especially in the verses related to 1201:(traditions ascribed to Muhammad) and 282:) which consist of individual verses ( 21015: 20757: 20525: 20141: 19500: 18930: 18518:Events, incidents, occasions or times 18516: 17905: 17241: 16897:Mother Shamkhah bint Anush or Betenos 16851: 16625:)' or 'Owner of the Fish (or Whale)') 16406: 15906: 15893: 15854: 15764: 15702: 15526: 15444: 15368: 15308: 15261: 15121:The Blackwell companion to the Qur'an 14983: 14795: 14728: 14449:"Apple takes down Quran app in China" 14329: 14192: 14088: 13973:The Blackwell Companion to the Qur'an 13901: 13762:. Lexington Books. pp. 109–111. 13757: 13192: 13162:Miller, Duane Alexander (June 2009). 13130: 13105:The Blackwell companion to the Qur'an 13046: 12951: 12929:The Blackwell companion to the Qur'an 12662: 11861:from the original on 21 February 2024 11412: 11321:The Blackwell Companion to the Qur'an 11273: 11199: 11121: 10870: 10751: 10576:"The Foreign Vocabulary of the Quran" 10416:The Blackwell Companion to the Qur'an 10006: 9870:, Oxford, revised edition 2000, p. 2 9561: 9483:Saritoprak, Zeki (2006). "Allah". In 9439: 9293: 9287: 9267: 9239: 9230: 9014:The Cambridge Companion to the Qur'ān 8628:For recitation, see "Recitation," by 8434:The Cambridge Companion to the Qur'ān 8428:(2006). "The historical context". In 8396: 8337: 8335: 8333: 8310: 8308: 8306: 8283: 8281: 8279: 8253: 8251: 8249: 8247: 8231:Yaqeen Institute for Islamic Research 7121: 7018:, while the second vowel varies from 6488:The Syro-Aramaic Reading of the Koran 5620:of Punjab which was printed in 1911. 5533:'s 1143 translation of the Quran for 4522:ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ ٱلْعَٰلَمِينَ 2738:1-7) Then a square is set up and the 1574:'s codex, none of which exist today. 20526: 20142: 18849:('Before the Setting (of the Sun)') 17328:People of a township in Surah Ya-Sin 15831:Tanzil – Online Quran Navigator 15724: 15625: 15390: 15057: 15033: 15004: 14987:Mecca: From Before Genesis Until Now 14915: 14860:The Koran; A Very Short Introduction 14852: 14824: 14731:An Introduction to Arabic literature 14507:The Qurʼān in its Historical Context 14356: 14150: 14103:10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001 14068:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 803. 13907: 11969:Massinon, Stephane (30 April 2009). 11853:EL-AWAISI, Khalid (31 August 2024). 11643: 11477: 11439:(8). Duke University Press: 155–71. 11344:Rosenthal, Herman; Waldstein, A. S. 11001: 10823: 10811: 10408: 10276: 10041:(Second ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. 10036: 9918: 9364: 9144: 9020: 8658: 8580: 8505: 8447:Roslan Abdul-Rahim (December 2017). 8135: 7992: 7808: 7613:participating institution membership 7579:participating institution membership 7498: 5083:Esoteric interpretation of the Quran 4720:and single pages of calligraphy for 4592: 4513: 3535:contained in the Quran consisted of 1794:refers to the efforts to expand the 1719:a single folio of a very early Quran 1679:In 1972, in a mosque in the city of 1577: 985: 434:in most denominations of Islam, are 402:, with some differences in meaning. 270:). It is organized in 114 chapters ( 15703:Iqbal M, et al., eds. (2013). 15271:; Watt, William Montgomery (1970). 14893:. Translated by Sherrard, Liadain; 13966:(2006). "Written Transmission". In 13469: 13359:"English Translations of the Quran" 13302:from the original on 22 August 2024 12463:from the original on 30 August 2024 12310: 12285:SARDAR, ZIAUDDIN (21 August 2008). 12190:. Kalpaz Publications. p. 21. 11888:Vgl. Neuwirth 177 und Grotzfeld 65. 11834:from the original on 30 August 2024 11820:FARRUGIA, MARISA (31 August 2024). 11781:from the original on 30 August 2024 11310: 11252: 11140: 11138:is the plural of a participle from 11134: 10981:Evidence for God's Unchanging World 10781:SARDAR, ZIAUDDIN (21 August 2008). 10667:Nidhal Guessoum (30 October 2010). 10325: 9925:Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 9721: 8401:. Facts On File. pp. 570–574. 8258:Philips, Abu Ameenah Bilal (2006). 8144:; Basset, R.; Hartmann, R. (eds.). 8095:Center for Muslim-Jewish Engagement 8030: 7753:"The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon" 6725:Historical reliability of the Quran 6353:Some non-Muslim groups such as the 5836: 5809:There are two types of recitation: 5334:Reappropriation is the name of the 4605:وَلَمۡ یَكُن لَّهُۥ كُفُوًا أَحَدُۢ 4547:Sovereign of the Day of Recompense. 4366:sign of the prophethood of Muhammad 3514:with mutual victories and defeats. 3411: 3163: 3143: 2885:(miracle) literature, also called " 2266:figure with his fatherless birth,( 2093: 1941: 1912:exodus of the Israelites from Egypt 1205:, after Muhammad and his followers 51: 24: 15587:. New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. 15459: 15255: 14134:"Muslim Printing Before Gutenberg" 14091:"Amina bint al-Hajj ʿAbd al-Latif" 14006:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 170–74. 12860:10.1093/oso/9780190932886.001.0001 12709:from the original on 14 April 2015 12683:from the original on 16 March 2015 12666:Sayyid Qutb: A Study of His Tafsir 12647: 12609: 10529:from the original on 25 March 2020 10520: 10292:. Bible Review 17:1, February 2001 10188:"Is Hijab a Qur'anic Commandment?" 9982:"Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica" 9837:Izutsu, Toshihiko (6 June 2007) . 9654:, Suhail Academy. pp. 18–19. 9440:Zadeh, Travis (28 February 2017). 8723:The Qur'an - When was it compiled? 8643: 8330: 8303: 8276: 8244: 8136:Buhl, Fr. (2012) . "Muhammad". In 6811:The English pronunciation varies: 6349:Relationship with other literature 5329: 5302:('the unveiling of the secrets'). 4616:God—the Sustainer ˹needed by all˺. 4530:ٱهْدِنَا ٱلصِّرَٰطَ ٱلْمُسْتَقِيمَ 3482:poets. The etymology of the word " 3456:miracles, in the traditional sense 3075:, one of the legendary figures in 2715:symbolizations and benefited from 2687:" will arise (27:82); the nations 2406:Enjoining good and forbidding evil 2250:his name being mentioned 136 times 1980:The central theme of the Quran is 1938:occupy a wide place in the Quran. 1470:, as well as the use of the seven 1068:), the word is referred to as the 1026:The term also has closely related 25: 21459: 21448:7th-century Arabic-language books 18874:('Before the rising of the Sun') 15759: 15446:Tabatabae, Sayyid Mohammad Hosayn 15273:Bell's introduction to the Qurʼān 14509:. Psychology Press. p. 112. 14033:. I.B. Tauris. pp. 134–136. 13848:. Saqi Books (November 8, 2003). 11480:Self-referentiality in the Qur'an 11013: 10752:Soora, Gayathri (14 April 2020). 10735:"Moon Split Miracle Chain Letter" 10301: 10186:Hameed, Shahul (9 October 2003). 9762:. T&T Clark. pp. 55–66. 9756:"Moses from a Muslim Perspective" 9732:from the original on 17 June 2016 9687: 9648:The Concise Encyclopedia of Islam 9640:Glassé, Cyril (1991). "Abraham". 9244:. London: Routledge. p. 62. 8991:, p. 45. Prometheus Books, 2011. 8706:. 27 October 2009. Archived from 8014:Bell's introduction to the Qur'an 7177:. Other transliterations include 6715:List of translations of the Quran 6086:Amina, bint al-Hajj ʿAbd al-Latif 5758:(the articulation of the Quranic 5358:List of translations of the Quran 4880: 4695: 3592:In a different line; The miracle 3295: 3286:each. Such a section is called a 2627:The doctrine of the last day and 1384:Canonization of Islamic scripture 1291:The Quran describes Muhammad as " 454:reserved for this purpose called 407:familiarity with major narratives 20996: 20995: 20984: 20505:Schools of islamic jurisprudence 19695:Timeline of the history of Islam 19526: 19041:Heavenly food of Jesus' apostles 17477:(Emigrants from Mecca to Medina) 15650: 15198:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_3630 14832:; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; 14665: 14631: 14606: 14594: 14585: 14543: 14523: 14494: 14469: 14441: 14429: 14404: 14379: 14350: 14335: 14319: 14305:. I.B. Tauris. pp. 134–36. 14289: 14264: 14239: 14156: 14144: 14126: 14082: 14020: 13990: 13751: 13725: 13496: 13463: 13433: 13400: 13382: 13373: 13351: 13332: 13282: 13265: 13252: 13155: 12883: 12839: 12796: 12758: 12730: 12721: 12695: 12641: 12629: 12603: 12581: 12563: 12553:"An Exegesis of the Holy Qur'an" 12527: 12509: 12491: 12475: 12443: 12430: 12416: 12404: 12340:, Hodder & Stoughton, p. 1. 12330: 12256:10.1111/j.1467-9744.2008.00925.x 12179: 12119: 12067: 12004: 11989: 11931: 11922: 11910: 11882: 11873: 11846: 11813: 11803:Religion, Routledge, pp. 61-74. 11766: 11702: 11660: 11505: 11496: 11471: 11459: 11421: 11370:Approaches to the Asian Classics 11337: 11304: 11246: 11221: 11193: 11177:10.1163/1875-3922_q3_EQCOM_00128 11127: 11103: 11071: 11042: 11033: 11007: 10921: 10908: 10817: 10727: 10685: 10660: 10638:10.1111/j.1467-9744.2008.00925.x 10568: 10556: 10541: 10514: 10486: 10472: 10433: 10402: 10381: 10372: 10338:Journal of Shi'a Islamic Studies 10282: 10232: 10127: 10110: 10080: 10067: 10055: 9988: 9974: 9962: 9935: 9912: 9880: 9855: 9806: 9794: 9780: 9715: 9704: 9681: 9668: 9615: 9597: 9579: 9567: 9507: 9268:Crone, Patricia (10 June 2008). 8914: 8685:John Gilchrist, Jam' Al-Qur'an. 7409:Luxenberg's Syro-Aramaic reading 7401: 7384: 7372: 7354: 7345: 7336: 7327: 7317: 7308: 7299: 7281:) was Salim, the freed slave of 7052: 6990:The Arabic pronunciation can be 6954: 6952:; especially in British English 6931: 6902: 6882: 6865: 6842: 6813: 6693: 6679: 6665: 6145: 6127: 6112: 6093: 5771:rules are Matn al-Jazariyyah by 5689: 5677: 5653: 5637: 5625: 4980:the background of its revelation 4865: 4850: 4830: 4810: 4798: 4772: 4748: 4729: 4355:period and the following years. 4232: 3631: 3381: 3339:, citing the work of the critic 3219:but this has been criticized by 2913:, the Indian televangelist; and 2607:in terms of today's ethic values 2521:), developed as an evolution of 2196:considers animal sacrifice as a 2060:Prophets and messengers in Islam 2050:and relationship with creation. 1802:, as well as understanding it. 1217:who were taken prisoners at the 1171: 215: 193: 21443:Miracles attributed to Muhammad 20856:List of ex-Muslim organisations 18683:(The Sacred or Forbidden Month) 18088:('Sanctuary (which is) Secure') 17444:Ya'juj and Ma'juj/Gog and Magog 16118:', 'beast of prey' or 'hunter') 15611:. Berlin: Verlag Hans Schiler. 15354:. Georgetown University Press. 15168:(1960–2007). "al-Iskandar". In 15007:Journal of Near Eastern Studies 14846:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_27495 14535:. Vol. 7. Washington, DC: 14386:Iriye, A.; Saunier, P. (2009). 14095:Dictionary of African Biography 14089:James, David (1 January 2011). 13598:Taha Shoeb (2 February 2018) . 12669:. The Other Press. p. 28. 12390:. Vanguard Press. p. 143. 11205:Apocalypse And/or Metamorphosis 10671:. I.B.Tauris. pp. 117–18. 10588: 10452:Haleem, Muhammad Abdel (2005). 10116:Vgl. Birışık: "Kurʾâniyyûn" in 9692:. Chabad-Lubavitch Media Center 9476: 9462: 9433: 9408: 9376: 9354: 9341: 9204: 9161: 9001: 8981: 8929:Journal of Near Eastern Studies 8920: 8895: 8881: 8803: 8794: 8776:Texts and Studies on the Qurʼān 8763: 8744: 8696: 8679: 8637: 8481: 8446: 8360: 8219: 8184: 8172: 8129: 8117: 8105: 8083: 8016:. Univ. Press. pp. 31–51. 7980: 7968: 7866: 7853: 7837: 7825: 7813: 7686: 7657: 7639: 7526: 7290: 7264: 7255: 7246: 7233: 7208: 7155: 6897:; especially with the spelling 6630: 6452:Biblical and Quranic narratives 6191: 6122:script, eighth or ninth century 5345: 5200:'s interpretation of the Quran 4492:, followed by any other section 3512:continued for hundreds of years 2467:. The term chosen for charity, 1673:Islamic archaeological document 1442: 1410: 405:The Quran assumes the reader's 389: 378: 27:Central religious text of Islam 17987:Salsabīl (A river in Paradise) 17880:at the time of Abraham and Lot 17344:(People of Sodom and Gomorrah) 17011:(King Ar-Rayyān ibn Al-Walīd)) 16503:(Joachim the father of Maryam) 15907: 15894: 15801:Quran browsers and translation 15783: 15275:. Edinburgh University Press. 15067:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 14969:. Princeton University Press. 14733:. Cambridge University Press. 14537:Catholic University of America 14415:. Springer. pp. 265–266. 13709:The art of reciting the Qur'an 13470:Pal, Amaninder (5 May 2016) . 12977:Keeler, Annabel (2006). "Sufi 12559:. Tawheed Institute Australia. 12363:. WestBow Press. p. 287. 12237:Guessoum, Nidhal (June 2008). 11051:Historical Dictionary of Yemen 10619:Guessoum, Nidhal (June 2008). 10304:Islamic Theories of Abrogation 10122:Quran: A Reformist Translation 9970:https://sunnah.com/nawawi40:34 9369: 8368:"معهد الفتح الإسلامي يرحب بكم" 8156:10.1163/2214-871X_ei1_SIM_4746 8042:The Cambridge history of Islam 7890:. ICAS press. pp. 11–15. 7632:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary 7539:. Vol. 5 (1st ed.). 7486:. Vol. 1 (1st ed.). 7473: 7461: 7449: 7437: 7425: 7045: 6998:. The actual pronunciation in 6984: 6805: 6345:has banned Quran mobile apps. 5591:, use the plural and singular 5519:Najm al-Din Abu Hafs al-Nasafi 5143:Commentaries dealing with the 5136:itself goes hand in hand with 5030:used assertive titles such as 4551:Guide us to the straight path— 2616: 1745:history of the Quran and Islam 1645:consonantal text of the Qurʾān 13: 1: 17906: 15688:(First ed.). Routledge. 14891:History of Islamic Philosophy 14838:Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three 14613:Luxenberg, Christoph (2007). 14346:. Princeton University Press. 13814:Hekmat Nasser, Shady (2012). 13656:. In Nooshin, Laundan (ed.). 13621:Ejaz Taj (6 September 2018). 12952:Sands, Kristin Zahra (2006). 12846:Nakissa, Aria (20 May 2019). 12663:Yusuf, Badmas 'Lanre (2009). 12211:LESTER, TOBY (January 1999). 11857:. Mardin Artuklu University. 11634:Wensinck, A.J. "Muʿd̲j̲iza". 11111:Encyclopaedia of Islam Online 10332:Ismail, Mohammed Ali (2016). 9321:Bietenholz, Peter G. (1994). 9168:Dan Bilefsky (22 July 2015). 9116:Lester, Toby (January 1999). 8495:(in Dutch). 18 February 2016. 7927:Handbook of Islamic Marketing 7392:King of the Day of Judgement. 7380:King of the Day of Judgement. 6793: 6710:List of chapters in the Quran 6511:) and devotional literature ( 6040:and, on rarer occasions, the 5892:formal conditions of ablution 5804:Quran recitation competitions 5714:Men reading the Quran at the 5705: 5509:Abu Mansur Abdullah al-Ansari 4458: 3024:List of chapters in the Quran 2605:practices that pose problems 2172:is celebrated to commemorate 1733: 1621:Birmingham mus'haf manuscript 1316:prefer the second meaning of 1245:Traditionally believed to be 1167:Historiography of early Islam 96: 20841:Apostasy in Islam by country 20708:Liberalism and progressivism 18779:(The Afternoon or the Night) 18677:12 months: Four holy months 18229:('Place-of-Landing Blessed') 17822:(s) or People of the Injil) 17160:Slayers of Ṣāliḥ's she-camel 16689:names and titles of Muhammad 16407: 15934:found in the Quran, such as 15684:, et al., eds. (2005). 15660:, et al., eds. (2001). 15428:The Commentary on the Qurʼān 15118:; et al., eds. (2006). 14945:. I.B. Tauris. p. 174. 13692:. 4 May 2020. Archived from 12135: 12088: 11546:For example see comments by 11382:Peterson, Daniel C. (1990). 11079:Jamal Malik (6 April 2020). 11049:Burrowes, Robert D. (2010). 10521:ÖZ, Ahmet (31 August 2024). 9197:. See Stephen J. Shoemaker, 8530: 7929:. Edward Elgar. p. 38. 7845:Encyclopedia of Islam Online 7731:. A&C Black. p. 2. 7725:Wheeler, Brannon M. (2002). 7418: 7161:(English spelling) The form 6782:Islamic schools and branches 6445: 6299: 6294:edition of the Quran in 1924 5571:in 1937, and yet another by 5436:received letters by Muhammad 5239:hermeneutical interpretation 5187:) rather than explanations ( 4793:or "Verse of Light" (24:35). 2547:pre-Islamic Arabic tradition 2500:the way a woman should dress 1421: 1378:Compilation and preservation 1303: 979: 7: 21438:Literature about literature 18548:(Flood of the Great Dam of 16869:Adam's immediate relatives 15732:Journal of Qur'anic Studies 15686:The Qur'an: An Encyclopedia 15663:Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an 15234:Ziolkowski, Jan M. (2007). 14864:. Oxford University Press. 14781:. Oxford University Press. 14203:10.1093/library/s6-12.4.273 14097:. Oxford University Press. 13910:Journal of Qur'anic Studies 13883:Journal of Qur'anic Studies 13738:"Written Transmission," by 13534:The Qur'an: an Encyclopedia 13512:The University of Edinburgh 13365:. July 2009. Archived from 13236:The Qur'an: an Encyclopedia 13137:Journal of Qur'anic Studies 13131:Elias, Jamal (2010). "Sufi 12983:Journal of Qur'anic Studies 11977:. The National Post Company 11610:Journal of Qur'anic Studies 11482:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. 10838:Journal of Qur'anic Studies 10709:"Reasonable Doubts Podcast" 10598:The Qurʼan: An Encyclopedia 10458:. I.B. Tauris. p. 82. 10395:, OUP Oxford, 2012, p 744, 10159:Elizabeth M. Bucar (2011). 9490:The Qur'an: an Encyclopedia 9242:The Qurʼan: an introduction 9029:Journal of Qur'anic Studies 8831:The Qur'an: an Encyclopedia 8738:The Shi'a and their Beliefs 8691:Al-Itqan fii Ulum al-Qur'an 8065:Denffer, Ahmad von (1985). 7509:"Google Books Ngram Viewer" 7226: 7220: 7116: 6787:Schools of Islamic theology 6658: 6653:Youngstown State University 6162: 6157:script, 14th–15th centuries 5828: 5814: 5767: 5599:instead of the more common 5318: 5298: 5276: 5233: 5183: 5151: 4926: 4920: 4901: 4875:script, 18th–19th centuries 4839:classical Kufic calligraphy 4688: 4676: 4506:Recitation of Al-Fatiha in 4333: 3806:("Stories of the Prophets") 3573: 3519: 3440: 3402: 3374: 3368: 3356: 3304:Boys studying the Quran in 3282: 3276: 3264: 3258: 3252: 3240: 3234: 3169: 3147: 3083:Chapters are classified as 2917:, the Turkish creationist. 2587: 2355:; 272-274) In the story of 2308:he will return to the earth 2286:in the Quran. According to 2123:. Muslims regard him as an 2053: 1894:that will remain until the 1750: 1697: 1592:Since Muslims could regard 1527: 1513: 1482: 1472: 1428: 1366: 1360: 1346: 1318: 1293: 1258: 1147: 1141: 1135: 1129: 1123: 1117: 1111: 1105: 1094: 1086: 1078: 1070: 1064: 1052: 1044: 1038: 1032: 1011: 998: 991: 960: 949: 938: 464: 456: 444: 285: 272: 81:Birmingham Quran manuscript 65: 10: 21464: 20758: 18755:('Remembrance', including 18401:(literally 'The Barrier') 17429:('Companions of the Wood') 17318:Companions of the Elephant 17267:People of the Burnt Garden 17242: 16631:('Companion of the Whale') 16227:('The Trustworthy Spirit') 15822:Quran text and translation 15645:. Oxford University Press. 15414: 15333:Major Themes of the Qur'an 15140:Tabatabae, Mohammad Hosayn 14701: 14681:Encyclopedia of the Qurʾān 14363:Encyclopedia of the Qurʾān 13840:Al-Hurr al-Amili, Muhammad 13789:Journal of Quranic Studies 12612:"Abrogation in the Qur'ān" 12061:Encyclopedia of the Qurʾān 11655:Encyclopedia of the Qur'an 11520:Princeton University Press 11478:Wild, Stefan, ed. (2006). 11346:"Körner, Moses B. Eliezer" 11289:Encyclopedia of the Qurʾān 11169:Encyclopedia of the Qurʾān 10596:. In Oliver Leaman (ed.). 9942:Kassis, Riad Aziz (1999). 9862:Islamic sage Al-khidr..." 9035:(1): 143–145. April 2004. 8736:Shirazi, Muhammad (2008). 8721:Shirazi, Muhammad (2001). 8601:"Poetry and Language", by 8453:Global Journal Al-Thaqafah 8260:Tafseer Soorah Al -Hujurat 8193:Journal of Quranic Studies 7646:Guillaume, Alfred (1954). 7443:dictionary.reference.com: 7431:dictionary.reference.com: 7214:According to Welch in the 6449: 6408:and the giant fish in the 6303: 5993: 5989: 5840: 5733: 5696:Verses 33 and 34 of surat 5540:Lex Mahumet pseudoprophete 5355: 5349: 5229:Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i 5080: 4884: 4603:لَمۡ یَلِدۡ وَلَمۡ یُولَدۡ 4462: 3517:The first works about the 3500:scientific prophecy claims 3385: 3021: 2780: 2620: 2057: 1945: 1769:. Narratives of the early 1754: 1628:: "ٮسم الله الرحمں الرحىم" 1600:punishable by death under 1581: 1381: 1160: 1156: 29: 21309: 21252: 21195: 21054: 20979: 20864: 20831: 20771: 20767: 20753: 20680: 20647: 20619:Geography and cartography 20594: 20541: 20537: 20521: 20347: 20269: 20216: 20165: 20161: 20137: 20007: 19831: 19791: 19674: 19626: 19550: 19546: 19535: 19484: 19443: 19371: 19294: 19255: 19204: 19170: 19134: 19107: 19029: 19022:('Mother of the Book(s)') 18937: 18931: 18926: 18892: 18726: 18697: 18666: 18648:(The Sabbath or Saturday) 18626: 18574: 18570: 18523: 18512: 18373: 18262: 18209: 18149: 17994: 17942:, literally 'The Garden') 17912: 17901: 17831:Qissis (Christian priest) 17747: 17683: 17610: 17534: 17365: 17252: 17248: 17237: 17169: 17105: 17036: 16975: 16862: 16858: 16847: 16806: 16757: 16660: 16419: 16415: 16402: 16365: 16322: 16277: 16129: 16060: 15958: 15951: 15947: 15913: 15902: 15889: 15881:People and things in the 15294:(1 ed.). Routledge. 15100:10.1017/S0020743800056312 15043:. San Francisco: Harper. 14941:Guessoum, Nidhal (2011). 14810:10.1017/s0020743800053320 14708:Al-Jallad, Ahmad (2022). 14532:New Catholic Encyclopedia 14390:. Springer. p. 627. 14058:Bosworth, Clifford Edmund 14027:Faroqhi, Suraiya (2005). 13801:10.3366/e1465359109000424 13707:Nelson, Kristina (2001). 12488:, HarperCollins, p. 1578. 11900:Religion & Literature 11515:The Words and Will of God 10966:. London: Granta. p. 126. 7960:(Rev. ed.). London: 7600:Oxford English Dictionary 7566:Oxford English Dictionary 7536:Oxford English Dictionary 7483:Oxford English Dictionary 7205:(sometimes in lowercase). 7108: 7107: 7095: 7094: 6198:Middle Eastern Christians 6196:) for distribution among 5402:in the face of shifts in 5266:Notable Sufi commentaries 4857:9th-century Quran in the 4598: 4519: 3472:Pre-Islamic Arabic poetry 3209:names or qualities of God 3105: 3104: 2697:eschatological literature 2427:Verse about the month of 2326:Ethico-religious concepts 2296:that He continues to live 1588:Early Quranic manuscripts 1531:in the Islamic world and 1525:, which is the prevalent 1509:ten canonical recitations 1499:said to be written by Ali 1133:), and 'the revelation' ( 967: 966: 356:The Quran is believed by 214: 200: 192: 185: 158: 139: 131: 121: 111: 106: 72: 52: 46: 41: 21268:Luther's Large Catechism 21110:(Judaism, Christianity) 20938:Islamic view of miracles 17878:Mesopotamian polytheists 17826:Ruhban (Christian monks) 17700:(People of the Verandah) 17577:People of Sabaʾ or Sheba 17380:(literally 'The Romans') 17300:Companions of Noah's Ark 17217:Rahmah the wife of Ayyub 17146:(Korah, cousin of Moses) 17066:Magicians of the Pharaoh 16968:(Muhammad's adopted son) 16260:(Angel of Death, Azrael) 16044:(fish or whale) of Jonah 15492:. New York: Harper One. 15292:Approaches to the Qur'ān 14775:"Cosmology and creation" 14481:Bahá'í Reference Library 14342:Hanioğlu, Şükrü (2010). 13942: 13758:Small, Keith E. (2011). 13552:"Art and the Qur'an" by 12803:Quraishi, Asifa (2007). 12313:"The Quran & Hadith" 12188:Islam and Indian Muslims 12152:Ruthven, Malise (1984). 12138:Ibn Ḥanbal and the Miḥna 12105:Pickthall, M.M. (1981). 11743:Islam: The Straight Path 11667:Arberry, Arthur (1956). 11055:Rowman & Littlefield 10871:Moore, Keith L. (1983). 10591:"Science and the Qur'an" 9754:Keeler, Annabel (2005). 9294:Vogel, Frank E. (2000). 9240:Saeed, Abdullah (2008). 9068:10.1163/157005810X504518 9041:10.3366/jqs.2004.6.1.143 7695:Islam: The Straight Path 6992:transcribed phonemically 6798: 6388:Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew 6384:Infancy Gospel of Thomas 6380:Protoevangelium of James 6272:First Constitutional Era 6216:published by the pastor 6185:printing was ordered by 5274:'s (d. 1021) book named 4700:The Quran also inspired 4599:قُلۡ هُوَ ٱللَّهُ أَحَدٌ 4596: 4517: 3895:Medieval Islamic science 3431:of composing the Quran. 3392:Islamic view of miracles 2575:story with his daughters 2304:the stories of ascension 2282:dedicated to his mother 2038:, they may have adopted 1723:University of Birmingham 20693:Creationism (evolution) 19361:Forbidden fruit of Adam 18831:('Decline of the Sun') 18719:(The Lesser Pilgrimage) 18449:Barrier of Dhul-Qarnayn 17874:at the time of Muhammad 17848:Ahbār (Jewish scholars) 17305:Aṣḥāb al-Kahf war-Raqīm 17201:the companion of Joshua 16035:(female ant) of Solomon 15350:Robinson, Neal (2002). 14916:Dost, Suleyman (2023). 14168:archive.aramcoworld.com 13922:10.3366/jqs.2006.8.2.84 13895:10.3366/jqs.2001.3.1.71 13537:, New York: Routledge, 13198:"How To Read the Quran" 12809:SSRN Electronic Journal 12360:The Leaders Are Coming! 12336:Watton, Victor (1993), 12001:, 21 October 1993, p21. 11747:Oxford University Press 11741:Esposito, John (2010). 11671:. London. p. 191. 11622:10.3366/jqs.2002.4.2.23 11413:Sells, Michael (1999), 10916:A History of Embryology 10850:10.3366/jqs.2001.3.1.91 10550:"Surah Al-Qalam - 1-52" 9300:. Brill. pp. 4–5. 9095:10.1515/islam-2011-0025 8835:. New York: Routledge. 8397:Campo, Juan E. (2009). 7962:I. B. Tauris Publishers 7699:Oxford University Press 7693:Esposito, John (2010). 7605:Oxford University Press 7571:Oxford University Press 7541:Oxford University Press 7488:Oxford University Press 6372:Unitarian Universalists 5458:, who translated surat 5077:Esoteric interpretation 4964:Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr 4950:along with a number of 4526:مَٰلِكِ يَوْمِ ٱلدِّينِ 4524:ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ 3000:evolution of human life 2974:Abdul Majeed al-Zindani 2903:Abdul Majeed al-Zindani 2740:king or lord of the day 2583:the consumption of wine 1845:Judeo-Christian stories 1835:literature, as well as 1594:criticism of the Qur'an 21188:(Eastern Christianity) 20953:Persecution of Muslims 20851:List of former Muslims 19700:Succession to Muhammad 18973:(Scroll(s) of Abraham) 18965:(The Book of Muhammad) 18475:Cave of Seven Sleepers 18298:, literally 'Place of 18186:Al-Buqʿah Al-Mubārakah 17562:Companions of the Rass 17463:Companions of Muhammad 17309:Companions of the Cave 16244:Angel of the Trumpet ( 15467:McAuliffe, Jane Dammen 15352:Discovering the Qur'an 15290:Hawting, G.R. (1993). 14984:Lings, Martin (2004). 14934:10.1515/mill-2023-0003 14773:Berlin, Adele (2011). 14677:McAuliffe, Jane Dammen 14617:. Berlin: H. Schiler. 14411:Kamusella, T. (2012). 14359:McAuliffe, Jane Dammen 14197:. s6-12 (4): 273–292. 13970:; et al. (eds.). 13949:]. p. 12/576. 13938:Ibn Taymiyyah, Ahmed. 13818:. Brill Academic Pub. 12995:10.3366/jqs.2006.8.1.1 12534:Sengers, Erik (2005). 12357:Lambert, Gray (2013). 12057:McAuliffe, Jane Dammen 11928:Vgl. Neuwirth 172-175. 11713:. Alpha. p. 126. 11637:Encyclopaedia of Islam 11415:Approaching the Qur'ān 11319:, et al. (eds.). 11285:McAuliffe, Jane Dammen 11165:McAuliffe, Jane Dammen 11159:Massey, Keith (2002). 10413:, et al. (eds.). 10308:: pp. 166–167, 180–182 10039:Islam: a brief history 9010:McAuliffe, Jane Dammen 8555:al-Bukhari, Muhammad. 8545: 8430:McAuliffe, Jane Dammen 8205:10.3366/jqs.2002.4.1.1 7668:. Alpha. p. 126. 7467:Cambridge dictionary: 7455:Cambridge dictionary: 7287: 6740:Criticism of the Quran 6468: 6442: 6364:progressive revelation 6306:Criticism of the Quran 6172: 5945:Aasim ibn Abi al-Najud 5864: 5726: 5662: 5553: 5406:over the centuries is 5391: 5225: 5211: 5125: 5071:Bediüzzaman Said Nursi 5038: 5024:to interpret the Quran 4998:followers of followers 4956:Abd Allah ibn al-Abbas 4755:Quranic inscriptions, 4612: 4539: 4511: 4493: 4375:weird or pseudoscience 4339:whether it was created 4329: 4282: 3905:Succession to Muhammad 3459: 3446:, a book of prophecy. 3312: 3080: 2905:, who established the 2893:. According to author 2876: 2671: 2436: 2232: 2031: 1813: 1796:meaning of expressions 1676: 1654: 1629: 1533:believe that the Quran 1501: 1272:Encyclopaedia of Islam 1254: 1127:), 'the remembrance' ( 1109:), 'the mother book' ( 32:Quran (disambiguation) 21287:Book of Common Prayer 20737:Conversion to mosques 20604:Alchemy and chemistry 19214:(literally 'lamps'): 19127:statue) of Israelites 19060:(Casket of Shekhinah) 18562:Treaty of Hudaybiyyah 18409:(Black Stone) & 18189:('The Blessed Place') 17657:Daughters of Muhammad 17647:Household of Muhammad 17623:Household of Abraham 17471:(literally 'Helpers') 16926:Disciples (including 16586:the son of Zechariah) 16175:(Honourable Scribes) 16163:Bearers of the Throne 15776:17 March 2022 at the 15391:Wild, Stefan (1996). 15313:(2 ed.). Quest. 14961:Levenson, Jon Douglas 14729:Allen, Roger (2000). 13660:. London: Routledge. 13149:10.3366/jqs.2010.0104 13052:"Al-Mizan Discourses" 12018:Wild, Stefan (1996). 11669:The Koran Interpreted 11570:and similar views by 11512:Peters, F.E. (2003). 11388:FARMS Review of Books 11109:See:* "Kur`an, al-", 10903:Rizvi, Atheist Muslim 10693:The Victory of Reason 10350:10.1353/isl.2016.0014 10037:Sonn, Tamara (2010). 9948:. Brill. p. 51. 9688:Dubov, Nissan Dovid. 9195:invasion of Palestine 8526: 8399:Encyclopedia of Islam 8372:www.alfatihonline.com 8147:Encyclopedia of Islam 7275: 7216:Encyclopedia of Islam 6745:Violence in the Quran 6649:University of Chicago 6455: 6437:, and the Greek hero 6429:and can be traced in 6404: 6392:Arabic Infancy Gospel 6324:Syriac Infancy Gospel 6322:sources, such as the 6237:Muslim legal scholars 6204:in 1537–1538 for the 6170: 6140:, 13th–14th centuries 5862: 5713: 5577:Muhammad Abdel Haleem 5365: 5256:Muhkam and Mutashabih 5220: 5206: 5121: 5014: 4952:Muhammad's companions 4895:Muhkam and Mutashabih 4505: 4487: 4422:muhkam and mutashabih 4346:religious persecution 4324: 4280: 3608:Significance in Islam 3452:splitting of the Moon 3437: 3303: 3262:subdivided into four 3070: 2863:NASA photograph from 2862: 2799:) The astrophysicist 2777:Science and the Quran 2717:numerological methods 2649: 2426: 2408:", the words used by 2262:is another important 2242:prophet and messenger 2214: 2194:Islamic understanding 2117:chapters of the Quran 2026: 1962:contingency arguments 1808: 1666: 1641: 1633:University of Chicago 1614: 1492: 1342:seven different ahruf 1249:'s first revelation, 1244: 932:Etymology and meaning 545:Birmingham manuscript 530:Samarkand Kufic Quran 170:6,236 (excluding the 162:6,348 (including the 21280:Heidelberg Catechism 20463:Ma malakat aymanukum 20038:Association football 19937:Moderate Kharijites 18994:(Scroll(s) of Moses) 18872:Qabl ṭulūʿ ash-Shams 18589:('the Confederates') 18577:military expeditions 18352:The Prophet's Mosque 18310:('The Sacred Grove') 18106:(Station of Abraham) 17921:Al-Arḍ Al-Muqaddasah 17597:('Companions of the 17396:(Sodom and Gomorrah) 17388:(Children of Israel) 17083:Moses' sister-in-law 17062:, who adopted Moses) 17005:, Qatafir or Qittin) 16984:Brothers (including 16730:He who spoke to God) 16053:(she-camel) of Ṣāliḥ 16025:sleepers of the cave 15993:) of the Abyssinians 15743:), published by the 15603:Luxenberg, Christoph 15417:List of tafsir works 15372:(15 November 1999). 15059:Nasr, Seyyed Hossein 15035:Nasr, Seyyed Hossein 14559:. Prometheus Books. 14539:. 1967. p. 677. 14503:Reynolds, Gabriel S. 13845:Combat with the Self 13196:(20 November 2008). 13092:on 16 February 2012. 12610:Islahi, Amin Ahsan. 12536:Dutch and Their Gods 12213:"What Is the Koran?" 12122:Why I'm Not a Muslim 11161:"Mysterious Letters" 10500:likewise symbolizes 10397:Google-Books preview 10267:, p. 41–44, 68. 9825:Bentlage et al. 2016 9725:Third Way (magazine) 9118:"What Is the Koran?" 8466:10.7187/GJAT122017-2 7123:[alqurˈʔaːn] 6332:Crucifixion of Jesus 6282:edition of the Quran 5985:Writing and printing 5958:Ibn Amir ad-Dimashqi 5664:L'Alcoran de Mahomet 5555:L'Alcoran de Mahomet 5087:Quranic hermeneutics 5063:Mufti Muhammad Shafi 4960:Abd Allah ibn Mas'ud 4924:) the earlier text ( 4891:Quranic hermeneutics 4639:English translation 4572:English translation 4426:nasıkh and abrogated 3944:Association football 3018:Text and arrangement 2771:historical evolution 2567:pre-Islamic prophets 2145:and builder of the 2115:and mentioned in 35 1547:was the first major 1404:. The first caliph, 1310:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi 1207:immigrated to Medina 1185:his first revelation 1163:History of the Quran 366:created or uncreated 95:'s lifetime between 91:likely dated within 21433:Islamic terminology 21423:Medieval literature 21383:(Roman Catholicism) 21339:Barahin-e-Ahmadiyya 21302:(Roman Catholicism) 21296:(Roman Catholicism) 21274:Augsburg Confession 21245:(Roman Catholicism) 21233:(Roman Catholicism) 21156:Nag Hammadi library 21066:(Egyptian religion) 18613:Expedition of Tabuk 18557:Farewell Pilgrimage 18307:Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām 18226:Munzalanm-Mubārakan 18045:Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām 18020:Iram of the Pillars 17323:People of al-Ukhdūd 17275:(Companions of the 16734:Ibrāhīm Khalīlullāh 16001:Domesticated donkey 15971:(cow) of Israelites 15309:Hixon, Lex (2003). 15166:Watt, W. Montgomery 14644:The Future of Islam 13451:on 18 November 2010 13168:St Francis Magazine 13009:Tabataba'I, Allamah 12891:Tabataba'I, Allamah 12817:10.2139/ssrn.963142 12746:Newman in Meri 2006 12616:Renaissance Journal 12505:. 22 February 2012. 12482:Seyyed Hossein Nasr 12107:The Glorious Qur'an 11576:The legacy of Islam 11548:Arthur John Arberry 11417:, White Cloud Press 11350:Jewish Encyclopedia 9919:Cole, Juan (2021). 9900:on 5 September 2014 9690:"Jewish Meditation" 9627:en.quranacademy.org 9609:en.quranacademy.org 9591:en.quranacademy.org 9216:The Huffington Post 8710:on 27 October 2009. 8661:, pp. 117–124. 8644:Yusuff, Mohamad K. 8101:on 10 January 2012. 7843:See "Ķur'an, al-", 7603:(Online ed.). 7569:(Online ed.). 6777:Hadith al-Thaqalayn 6483:Christoph Luxenberg 6416:Metropolitan Museum 6290:Al-Azhar University 6252:Catherine the Great 6245:Ibrahim Muteferrika 6218:Abraham Hinckelmann 6214:Hinckelmann edition 6176:Wood-block printing 5996:Islamic calligraphy 5947:(Kufa, d. 745) and 5730:Rules of recitation 5589:Marmaduke Pickthall 5581:Sahih International 5573:Arthur John Arberry 5535:Peter the Venerable 5093:Muslim philosophers 4968:Abu Musa al-Ash'ari 4569:Sahih International 3705:Profession of Faith 3678:Day of Resurrection 3602:Sunni radical group 3596:was put forward by 3006:, Muslim historian 2962:hydrogen fuel cells 2891:Islamic creationism 2825:Taha Jabir Alalwani 2623:Islamic eschatology 2611:new interpretations 2523:pre-Islamic Arabian 2416:in discourses are " 2292:Sunni understanding 2188:in general or as a 2044:nature (attributes) 2040:different attitudes 1928:struggle of Abraham 1741:revisionists' views 1398:Battle of al-Yamama 21346:Liber AL vel Legis 21170:(Greek polytheism) 21152:(Roman polytheism) 20958:Quran and miracles 20872:Criticism of Islam 20576:Geometric patterns 20428:Gender segregation 19999:Non-denominational 19068:Trumpet of Israfil 18814:('The Late-Night') 18681:Ash-Shahr Al-Ḥarām 18427:(Cave of the Bull) 18412:Al-Hijr of Isma'il 18324:Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām 18016:Iram dhāt al-ʿImād 18001:(excluding Madyan) 17924:('The Holy Land') 17872:Meccan polytheists 17810:People of the Book 17668:Household of Salih 17643:Household of Moses 17591:(people of Ṣāliḥ) 17292:Disciples of Jesus 17264:People of Paradise 17056:Āsiyá bint Muzāḥim 16945:People of Solomon 16905:People of Abraham 16885:Believer of Ya-Sin 16853:People of Prophets 16551:(Jethro, Reuel or 16358:('Rebellious one') 16082:Beast of the Earth 15765:Reference material 15631:The Qurʾan as Text 15527:Literary criticism 15393:The Quʼran as Text 15262:Introductory texts 15082:Peters, Francis E. 14477:"The Kitáb-i-Íqán" 14174:on 2 November 2013 14138:muslimheritage.com 13604:The Dawoodi Bohras 13295:. 31 August 2024. 13086:Allamah Tabatabaee 13062:on 8 December 2008 13048:Tabatabai, Allamah 13023:on 1 December 2008 12456:. 31 August 2024. 12155:Islam in the World 12020:The Quʼran as Text 11146:, 'to cut, break'. 10881:on 29 January 2020 10246:on 29 January 2022 10098:on 5 November 2021 9652:HarperSanFrancisco 8489:"Wat is de Koran?" 8291:. 15 February 2023 7763:on 18 October 2017 7635:. Merriam-Webster. 6750:Women in the Quran 6730:Quran and miracles 6720:Quran translations 6701:Middle Ages portal 6443: 6427:other sacred texts 6343:Chinese government 6173: 5865: 5727: 5585:Abdullah Yusuf Ali 5456:Salman the Persian 5392: 5352:Quran translations 5226: 5130:Islamic philosophy 5115:that goes back to 5097:Quranic literalism 5047:Tafsir al-Jalalayn 5039: 4859:Reza Abbasi Museum 4757:Bara Gumbad mosque 4512: 4494: 4436:understandings to 4337:). Its nature and 4318:together known as 4288:the belief in fate 4283: 3460: 3313: 3121:as the opening of 3081: 3004:Ashraf ‘Ali Thanvi 2972:), co-authored by 2877: 2744:māliki yawmi-d-dīn 2685:Beast of the Earth 2672: 2652:Pierre Daniel Huet 2560:religious problems 2543:temporary marriage 2437: 2410:Islamic philosophy 2392:today, as well as 2369:Alcmaeon of Croton 2347:) and even employ 2233: 2032: 2029:Reza Abbasi Museum 1872:Yusuf and Zulaikha 1837:pre-Islamic Arabia 1814: 1703:radiocarbon dating 1689:Sana'a manuscripts 1677: 1630: 1619:as written on the 1502: 1314:W. Montgomery Watt 1255: 799:Biblical parallels 540:Topkapi manuscript 425:moral significance 362:Muslim theologians 339:Islamic holy books 225:English Wikisource 79:Two folios of the 21408:7th-century books 21390: 21389: 21368:The Satanic Bible 21262:Guru Granth Sahib 21009: 21008: 20975: 20974: 20971: 20970: 20943:Domestic violence 20933:Islamic terrorism 20928:Islamic extremism 20749: 20748: 20745: 20744: 20517: 20516: 20513: 20512: 20303:Marriage contract 20133: 20132: 20093:Political aspects 19822:Story of Prophets 19591:Prophets of Islam 19494: 19493: 19480: 19479: 19453:(Water or fluid) 19439: 19438: 19426:Sidrat al-Muntahā 19270:(Garlic or wheat) 19200: 19199: 19196: 19195: 18922: 18921: 18918: 18917: 18864:('The Afternoon') 18855:('The Afternoon') 18785:('The Mornings') 18618:Conquest of Mecca 18603:Battle of Khaybar 18539:Event of Mubahala 18535:(Night of Decree) 18508: 18507: 18463:Bilād ar-Rāfidayn 18406:Al-Ḥajar al-Aswad 18369: 18368: 18361:Salat (Synagogue) 18314:Al-Masjid Al-Aqṣā 18165:Al-Muqaddas Ṭuwan 17998:Arabian Peninsula 17973:Majmaʿ al-Baḥrayn 17897: 17896: 17893: 17892: 17889: 17888: 17679: 17678: 17675: 17674: 17627:Brothers of Yūsuf 17498:Children of Ayyub 17491:Wife of Abu Lahab 17449:People of Fir'aun 17440:(People of Jonah) 17414:People of Shuaib 17400:People of Ibrahim 17333:People of Yathrib 17233: 17232: 17229: 17228: 17208:Nebuchadnezzar II 17101: 17100: 16843: 16842: 16839: 16838: 16802: 16801: 16671:and Strong Will') 16398: 16397: 16394: 16393: 16273: 16272: 16213:(Gabriel, chief) 16125: 16124: 15725:Academic journals 15716:978-1-926620-00-8 15695:978-0-415-77529-8 15673:978-90-04-11465-4 15618:978-3-89930-088-8 15594:978-81-208-1952-8 15547:978-1-872531-65-6 15518:978-0-19-511148-4 15499:978-0-06-143828-8 15480:978-0-521-36470-6 15437:978-0-19-920142-6 15402:978-90-04-09300-3 15395:. Leiden: Brill. 15383:978-1-883991-26-5 15361:978-1-58901-024-6 15342:978-0-226-70286-5 15320:978-0-8356-0822-0 15301:978-0-415-05755-4 15282:978-0-7486-0597-2 15247:978-0-472-03379-9 15157:978-0-7103-0266-3 15131:978-1-4051-1752-4 15050:978-0-06-050714-5 14997:978-1-901383-07-2 14952:978-1-84885-517-5 14908:978-0-7103-0416-2 14871:978-0-19-285344-8 14750:Reichmuth, Stefan 14740:978-0-521-77657-8 14721:978-90-04-50427-1 14654:978-0-19-516521-0 14624:978-3-89930-088-8 14566:978-1-57392-945-5 14516:978-0-203-93960-4 14457:. 15 October 2021 14422:978-0-230-58347-4 14397:978-1-349-74030-7 14312:978-1-85043-760-4 14112:978-0-19-538207-5 14040:978-1-85043-760-4 14013:978-90-04-10692-5 13998:Riddell, Peter G. 13983:978-1-4051-1752-4 13964:Déroche, François 13862:on 9 October 2023 13825:978-90-04-24081-0 13787:to One Another". 13769:978-0-7391-4291-2 13718:978-977-424-594-7 13667:978-0-7546-3457-7 13544:978-0-415-32639-1 13445:Read Quran Online 13426:978-0-300-09422-0 13396:. 12 August 2010. 13369:on 29 April 2014. 13328:on 17 April 2009. 13278:. 31 August 2024. 13246:978-0-415-32639-1 13114:978-1-4051-8820-3 12963:978-0-415-36685-4 12938:978-1-4051-8820-3 12869:978-0-19-093288-6 12768:. 10 October 2020 12436:Jens Zimmermann, 12426:. 31 August 2024. 12397:978-1-59315-706-7 12370:978-1-4497-6013-7 12346:978-0-340-58795-9 12197:978-81-7835-805-5 12165:978-0-19-530503-6 12029:978-90-04-09300-3 11756:978-0-19-539600-3 11720:978-1-59257-222-9 11533:978-0-691-11461-3 11489:978-3-447-05383-9 11330:978-1-4051-1752-4 11233:ICS/Masjid Tucson 11096:978-90-04-42271-1 10465:978-1-86064-650-8 10426:978-1-4051-1752-4 10288:Yaron, Shlomith. 10048:978-1-4051-8093-1 10020:978-0-02-865603-8 9955:978-90-04-11305-3 9848:978-0-7735-2427-9 9812:Sahih al-Bukhari 9800:Sahih al-Bukhari 9776:on 29 April 2016. 9769:978-0-567-08171-1 9500:978-0-415-32639-1 9451:978-1-78673-131-9 9426:978-90-04-35599-6 9394:978-90-04-27764-9 9251:978-0-415-42124-9 8842:978-0-415-32639-1 8561:sahih-bukhari.com 8408:978-0-8160-5454-1 8165:978-90-04-08265-6 8076:978-0-86037-132-8 8051:978-0-521-29135-4 8023:978-0-85224-171-4 7936:978-1-84980-013-6 7897:978-1-904063-30-8 7738:978-0-8264-4957-3 7708:978-0-19-539600-3 7675:978-1-59257-222-9 7611:(Subscription or 7577:(Subscription or 6613:Prophets of Islam 6411:Jami' al-tawarikh 6210:Paganino Paganini 6010:-typescript. The 5511:wrote a complete 5503:to translate the 5396:range of meanings 5043:Tafsir Ibn Kathir 4873:Shikasta nastaliq 4643: 4642: 4627:—Surah Al-Ikhlāṣ 4601:ٱللَّهُ ٱلصَّمَدُ 4576: 4575: 4503: 4300:to read the Quran 4275: 4274: 4205:Deobandi jihadism 3569:Angelika Neuwirth 3464:Arabic literature 3125:'s letter to the 2926:quantum mechanics 2654:(1700), locating 2396:teachings, hence 2229:Jami' al-tawarikh 1968:. Therefore, the 1698:scriptio inferior 1650:numerous variants 1606:textual criticism 1578:Academic research 1557:Abbasid caliphate 1456:Arabian Peninsula 1187:in 610 CE in the 1177:Islamic tradition 1121:), 'the wisdom' ( 929: 928: 813:Mentioned by name 409:recounted in the 329:, a proof of his 294:Arabic literature 244:, is the central 236:, also romanized 230: 229: 63: 16:(Redirected from 21455: 21413:Islamic theology 21243:Summa Theologica 21231:Ambrosian Hymnal 21036: 21029: 21022: 21013: 21012: 20999: 20998: 20991:Islam portal 20989: 20988: 20987: 20769: 20768: 20761: 20755: 20754: 20596:Medieval science 20539: 20538: 20529: 20523: 20522: 20180:Economic history 20163: 20162: 20139: 20138: 20125:Islam by country 19910:Bektashi Alevism 19548: 19547: 19539:Outline of Islam 19521: 19514: 19507: 19498: 19497: 19380:Plants of Sheba 19292: 19291: 19135:Of Noah's people 19105: 19104: 19073: 19072: 19064:Throne of Bilqis 19057:Tābūt as-Sakīnah 18998:Tablets of Stone 18928: 18927: 18911:First Pilgrimage 18727:Times for prayer 18670:Islamic calendar 18598:Battle of Hunayn 18572: 18571: 18514: 18513: 18453:Bayt al-Muqaddas 17992: 17991: 17903: 17902: 17662:Muhammad's wives 17637:Progeny of Imran 17519:Yaʾjūj wa Maʾjūj 17421:People of Madyan 17363: 17362: 17352: 17351: 17250: 17249: 17239: 17238: 16973: 16972: 16939:Zechariah's wife 16923:People of Jesus 16912:Ishmael's mother 16860: 16859: 16849: 16848: 16658: 16657: 16599:Isrāʾīl (Israel) 16584:John the Baptist 16417: 16416: 16404: 16403: 16197: 16196: 16191:Munkar and Nakir 15956: 15955: 15949: 15948: 15904: 15903: 15891: 15890: 15875: 15868: 15861: 15852: 15851: 15826:Tufts University 15720: 15699: 15677: 15646: 15639:Wansbrough, John 15634: 15622: 15598: 15575: 15564:. Curzon Press. 15556:Boullata, Issa J 15551: 15522: 15503: 15484: 15455: 15441: 15406: 15387: 15365: 15346: 15324: 15305: 15286: 15251: 15230: 15201: 15161: 15149: 15135: 15111: 15077: 15075: 15073: 15054: 15030: 15001: 14980: 14956: 14937: 14912: 14895:Sherrard, Philip 14882: 14880: 14878: 14863: 14849: 14821: 14792: 14769: 14744: 14725: 14695: 14694: 14669: 14663: 14662: 14639:Esposito, John L 14635: 14629: 14628: 14610: 14604: 14598: 14592: 14589: 14583: 14577: 14571: 14570: 14547: 14541: 14540: 14527: 14521: 14520: 14498: 14492: 14491: 14489: 14487: 14473: 14467: 14466: 14464: 14462: 14445: 14439: 14433: 14427: 14426: 14408: 14402: 14401: 14383: 14377: 14376: 14354: 14348: 14347: 14339: 14333: 14323: 14317: 14316: 14297:Faroqhi, Suraiya 14293: 14287: 14286: 14284: 14282: 14268: 14262: 14261: 14259: 14257: 14243: 14237: 14236: 14234: 14232: 14223:. Archived from 14217:"Paganini Quran" 14213: 14207: 14206: 14190: 14184: 14183: 14181: 14179: 14170:. Archived from 14160: 14154: 14148: 14142: 14141: 14130: 14124: 14123: 14121: 14119: 14086: 14080: 14079: 14054: 14045: 14044: 14024: 14018: 14017: 13994: 13988: 13987: 13960: 13951: 13950: 13940:Majmue Alfatawaa 13935: 13926: 13925: 13905: 13899: 13898: 13878: 13872: 13871: 13869: 13867: 13858:. Archived from 13836: 13830: 13829: 13811: 13805: 13804: 13780: 13774: 13773: 13755: 13749: 13740:François Déroche 13729: 13723: 13722: 13704: 13698: 13697: 13682: 13676: 13675: 13670:. Archived from 13649: 13643: 13642: 13640: 13638: 13629:. Archived from 13618: 13612: 13611: 13606:. Archived from 13595: 13589: 13588: 13586: 13584: 13569: 13563: 13547: 13525: 13516: 13515: 13509: 13500: 13494: 13493: 13491: 13489: 13480:. Archived from 13467: 13461: 13460: 13458: 13456: 13447:. Archived from 13437: 13431: 13430: 13414: 13404: 13398: 13397: 13386: 13380: 13377: 13371: 13370: 13363:Monthly Crescent 13355: 13349: 13346: 13336: 13330: 13329: 13324:. Archived from 13318: 13312: 13311: 13309: 13307: 13301: 13294: 13286: 13280: 13279: 13277: 13269: 13263: 13256: 13250: 13249: 13226: 13215: 13214: 13212: 13210: 13190: 13184: 13183: 13181: 13179: 13159: 13153: 13152: 13128: 13119: 13118: 13100: 13094: 13093: 13078: 13072: 13071: 13069: 13067: 13058:. Archived from 13044: 13033: 13032: 13030: 13028: 13019:. Archived from 13017:Tafseer Al-Mizan 13005: 12999: 12998: 12974: 12968: 12967: 12949: 12943: 12942: 12924: 12915: 12914: 12912: 12910: 12901:. Archived from 12887: 12881: 12880: 12878: 12876: 12843: 12837: 12836: 12800: 12794: 12789: 12778: 12777: 12775: 12773: 12762: 12756: 12755: 12743: 12737: 12734: 12728: 12725: 12719: 12718: 12716: 12714: 12705:. Search Truth. 12699: 12693: 12692: 12690: 12688: 12660: 12654: 12653: 12645: 12639: 12633: 12627: 12626: 12624: 12622: 12607: 12601: 12600: 12595:. Archived from 12593:mostmerciful.com 12585: 12579: 12578: 12573:. Archived from 12567: 12561: 12560: 12549: 12540: 12539: 12531: 12525: 12524: 12517:Street, Brian V. 12513: 12507: 12506: 12495: 12489: 12479: 12473: 12472: 12470: 12468: 12462: 12455: 12447: 12441: 12434: 12428: 12427: 12420: 12414: 12408: 12402: 12401: 12381: 12375: 12374: 12354: 12348: 12334: 12328: 12327: 12325: 12323: 12308: 12302: 12301: 12299: 12297: 12282: 12276: 12275: 12273: 12271: 12258: 12234: 12228: 12227: 12225: 12223: 12208: 12202: 12201: 12183: 12177: 12176: 12174: 12172: 12149: 12143: 12133: 12127: 12117: 12111: 12110: 12102: 12096: 12086: 12077: 12071: 12065: 12064: 12052: 12046: 12033: 12008: 12002: 11993: 11987: 11986: 11984: 11982: 11966: 11960: 11959: 11957: 11955: 11935: 11929: 11926: 11920: 11914: 11908: 11907: 11895: 11889: 11886: 11880: 11877: 11871: 11870: 11868: 11866: 11850: 11844: 11843: 11841: 11839: 11833: 11826: 11817: 11811: 11800: 11791: 11790: 11788: 11786: 11770: 11764: 11763: 11745:(4th ed.). 11738: 11729: 11728: 11706: 11700: 11699: 11693: 11685: 11664: 11658: 11647: 11641: 11632: 11626: 11625: 11605: 11596: 11591:Alfred Guillaume 11585:, Martin Zammit 11544: 11538: 11537: 11509: 11503: 11500: 11494: 11493: 11475: 11469: 11463: 11457: 11456: 11425: 11419: 11418: 11410: 11404: 11403: 11401: 11399: 11379: 11373: 11367: 11361: 11360: 11358: 11356: 11341: 11335: 11334: 11308: 11302: 11301: 11281:Boullata, Issa J 11277: 11271: 11270: 11269:on 1 March 2024. 11268: 11262:. Archived from 11261: 11253:Philips, Bilal. 11250: 11244: 11243: 11241: 11239: 11225: 11219: 11218: 11201:Brown, Norman O. 11197: 11191: 11190: 11156: 11147: 11145: 11144: 11137: 11136: 11131: 11125: 11119: 11113: 11107: 11101: 11100: 11075: 11069: 11068: 11046: 11040: 11037: 11031: 11030: 11028: 11026: 11020:The Mail Archive 11011: 11005: 10999: 10993: 10992: 10990: 10988: 10973: 10967: 10956: 10950: 10949: 10947: 10945: 10925: 10919: 10912: 10906: 10900: 10891: 10890: 10888: 10886: 10868: 10862: 10861: 10833: 10827: 10821: 10815: 10809: 10798: 10797: 10795: 10793: 10778: 10765: 10764: 10762: 10760: 10749: 10743: 10742: 10731: 10725: 10724: 10722: 10720: 10705: 10696: 10689: 10683: 10682: 10664: 10658: 10657: 10655: 10653: 10640: 10616: 10610: 10609: 10607: 10605: 10595: 10586: 10580: 10579: 10572: 10566: 10563:Sahih al-Bukhari 10560: 10554: 10553: 10545: 10539: 10538: 10536: 10534: 10518: 10512: 10490: 10484: 10483: 10476: 10470: 10469: 10449: 10443: 10437: 10431: 10430: 10406: 10400: 10385: 10379: 10376: 10370: 10369: 10329: 10323: 10318: 10309: 10299: 10293: 10286: 10280: 10274: 10268: 10262: 10256: 10255: 10253: 10251: 10242:. Archived from 10236: 10230: 10229: 10227: 10225: 10210: 10204: 10203: 10201: 10199: 10190:. Archived from 10183: 10177: 10176: 10156: 10150: 10149: 10147: 10145: 10131: 10125: 10114: 10108: 10107: 10105: 10103: 10094:. Archived from 10084: 10078: 10071: 10065: 10059: 10053: 10052: 10034: 10025: 10024: 10004: 9995: 9992: 9986: 9985: 9978: 9972: 9966: 9960: 9959: 9939: 9933: 9932: 9916: 9910: 9909: 9907: 9905: 9899: 9893:. Archived from 9892: 9884: 9878: 9864:Stephanie Dalley 9859: 9853: 9852: 9834: 9828: 9822: 9816: 9810: 9804: 9798: 9792: 9784: 9778: 9777: 9772:. Archived from 9751: 9742: 9741: 9739: 9737: 9719: 9713: 9708: 9702: 9701: 9699: 9697: 9685: 9679: 9672: 9666: 9665: 9637: 9631: 9630: 9619: 9613: 9612: 9601: 9595: 9594: 9583: 9577: 9571: 9565: 9559: 9553: 9547: 9541: 9535: 9529: 9523: 9517: 9511: 9505: 9504: 9480: 9474: 9473: 9466: 9460: 9459: 9437: 9431: 9430: 9412: 9406: 9405: 9380: 9374: 9372: 9371: 9358: 9352: 9345: 9339: 9338: 9318: 9312: 9311: 9291: 9285: 9284: 9282: 9280: 9265: 9256: 9255: 9237: 9228: 9227: 9225: 9223: 9208: 9202: 9191: 9185: 9184: 9182: 9180: 9165: 9159: 9158: 9156: 9154: 9145:Coughlan, Sean. 9142: 9133: 9132: 9130: 9128: 9113: 9107: 9106: 9078: 9072: 9071: 9051: 9045: 9044: 9024: 9018: 9017: 9005: 8999: 8985: 8979: 8978: 8954: 8945: 8944: 8924: 8918: 8912: 8906: 8899: 8893: 8890:higher criticism 8885: 8879: 8846: 8834: 8821: 8810: 8807: 8801: 8798: 8792: 8791: 8767: 8761: 8760: 8748: 8742: 8741: 8733: 8727: 8726: 8718: 8712: 8711: 8700: 8694: 8683: 8677: 8671: 8662: 8656: 8650: 8649: 8641: 8635: 8623:François Déroche 8593: 8584: 8578: 8572: 8571: 8569: 8567: 8552: 8546: 8533: 8520: 8509: 8503: 8497: 8496: 8485: 8479: 8478: 8468: 8444: 8438: 8437: 8422: 8413: 8412: 8394: 8383: 8382: 8380: 8378: 8364: 8358: 8357: 8355: 8353: 8339: 8328: 8327: 8325: 8323: 8312: 8301: 8300: 8298: 8296: 8285: 8274: 8273: 8255: 8242: 8241: 8239: 8237: 8223: 8217: 8216: 8188: 8182: 8176: 8170: 8169: 8133: 8127: 8121: 8115: 8109: 8103: 8102: 8087: 8081: 8080: 8062: 8056: 8055: 8037: 8028: 8027: 8009: 7990: 7984: 7978: 7972: 7966: 7965: 7954:Fisher, Mary Pat 7950: 7941: 7940: 7922: 7916: 7908: 7902: 7901: 7888:Quranic Sciences 7883: 7877: 7870: 7864: 7857: 7851: 7841: 7835: 7829: 7823: 7817: 7811: 7806: 7773: 7772: 7770: 7768: 7759:. Archived from 7749: 7743: 7742: 7722: 7716: 7715: 7697:(4th ed.). 7690: 7684: 7683: 7661: 7655: 7654: 7643: 7637: 7636: 7623: 7617: 7616: 7608: 7596: 7589: 7583: 7582: 7574: 7562: 7555: 7549: 7548: 7543:. 1901. p. 7530: 7524: 7523: 7521: 7519: 7505: 7496: 7495: 7490:. 1888. p. 7477: 7471: 7465: 7459: 7453: 7447: 7441: 7435: 7429: 7412: 7405: 7394: 7388: 7382: 7376: 7365: 7358: 7352: 7349: 7343: 7340: 7334: 7331: 7325: 7321: 7315: 7312: 7306: 7303: 7297: 7294: 7288: 7268: 7262: 7259: 7253: 7250: 7244: 7237: 7231: 7229: 7223: 7212: 7206: 7159: 7153: 7152: 7149: 7146: 7142: 7139: 7136: 7133: 7130: 7126: 7125: 7119: 7113: 7112: 7110: 7100: 7099: 7097: 7090:vocalized Arabic 7085: 7078: 7077: 7074: 7073: 7070: 7067: 7064: 7061: 7058: 7049: 7043: 7041: 7033: 7025: 7017: 7009: 6997: 6988: 6982: 6980: 6979: 6976: 6975: 6972: 6969: 6966: 6963: 6960: 6951: 6950: 6947: 6946: 6943: 6940: 6937: 6928: 6927: 6924: 6923: 6920: 6917: 6914: 6911: 6908: 6896: 6895: 6892: 6891: 6888: 6879: 6878: 6875: 6874: 6871: 6862: 6861: 6858: 6857: 6854: 6851: 6848: 6839: 6838: 6835: 6834: 6831: 6828: 6825: 6822: 6819: 6809: 6703: 6698: 6697: 6689: 6684: 6683: 6675: 6670: 6669: 6668: 6605:John the Baptist 6466: 6420:Surah As-Saaffat 6256:Saint Petersburg 6226:Ludovico Maracci 6195: 6194: 1503–1512 6193: 6149: 6131: 6116: 6097: 5837:Variant readings 5831: 5817: 5770: 5693: 5681: 5667: 5657: 5641: 5629: 5558: 5531:Robert of Ketton 5505:Tafsir al-Tabari 5404:linguistic usage 5321: 5301: 5279: 5277:Haqaiq al-Tafsir 5243:divine attribute 5236: 5186: 5154: 5059:Ma'ariful Qur'an 5055:Tafsir al-Tabari 5016:Grand Ayatollahs 4929: 4923: 4907:classical Arabic 4904: 4869: 4854: 4834: 4814: 4802: 4776: 4752: 4739:, 18th century, 4733: 4691: 4679: 4650: 4606: 4593: 4533: 4514: 4504: 4363: 4336: 4322:. Consequently, 4267: 4260: 4253: 4239:Islam portal 4237: 4236: 4235: 3635: 3612: 3611: 3583:Islamic theology 3579:dâ'il an-nubuwwa 3576: 3561:Dala’il al-i'jaz 3522: 3445: 3413: 3405: 3377: 3371: 3360:), remembrance ( 3359: 3348:self-referential 3285: 3279: 3267: 3261: 3255: 3243: 3237: 3172: 3166: 3165: 3150: 3148:ḥurūf muqaṭṭaʿāt 3145: 3120: 3110: 3109: 3107: 3008:Syed Nomanul Haq 2821:Ismail al-Faruqi 2658:as described in 2599:general purposes 2592: 2461:month of Ramadan 2439:It also affirms 2306:, preaches that 2277: 2271: 2186:animal sacrifice 2095: 2081: 2019: 2013: 2007: 2001: 1995: 1989: 1966:existence of God 1942:Creation and God 1841:culture of Arabs 1829:Syriac Christian 1825:Jewish-Christian 1788:Islamic sciences 1738: 1735: 1700: 1669:Sanaa manuscript 1667:A page from the 1539:ascribed to the 1530: 1521:on authority of 1516: 1485: 1475: 1446: 1444: 1431: 1425: 1423: 1414: 1412: 1369: 1363: 1349: 1321: 1307: 1305: 1296: 1263: 1260:Sahih al-Bukhari 1152: 1144: 1138: 1132: 1126: 1120: 1115:), 'the guide' ( 1114: 1108: 1099: 1091: 1083: 1075: 1067: 1060:definite article 1057: 1049: 1041: 1035: 1014: 1001: 994: 988: 987: 982: 972: 971: 969: 963: 952: 941: 921: 914: 907: 865:Quran and Sunnah 535:Sanaa manuscript 504:First revelation 477: 476: 469: 461: 449: 422: 415:apocryphal texts 400:variant readings 393: 391: 382: 380: 337:, including the 290: 281: 219: 218: 205: 204: 197: 196: 126:Classical Arabic 101: 98: 85:early manuscript 77: 68: 58: 56: 54: 39: 38: 21: 21463: 21462: 21458: 21457: 21456: 21454: 21453: 21452: 21428:Religious texts 21393: 21392: 21391: 21386: 21363:(Scientologist) 21353:Book of Shadows 21305: 21300:Roman Catechism 21282:(Protestantism) 21276:(Protestantism) 21248: 21191: 21120:Samaritan Torah 21050: 21043:Religious texts 21040: 21010: 21005: 20985: 20983: 20967: 20889:Cultural Muslim 20860: 20827: 20773:Other religions 20763: 20759: 20741: 20676: 20643: 20590: 20533: 20531:Islamic studies 20527: 20509: 20343: 20288: 20265: 20212: 20157: 20156: 20129: 20078:Moral teachings 20021: 20003: 19977:Nation of Islam 19890:Twelver Shi'ism 19827: 19793:Religious texts 19787: 19705:Early conquests 19688: 19670: 19622: 19542: 19531: 19525: 19495: 19490: 19476: 19435: 19373: 19367: 19290: 19251: 19206: 19192: 19166: 19130: 19103: 19077: 19076:Mentioned idols 19071: 19033: 19031: 19025: 18970:Ṣuḥuf-i Ibrāhīm 18933: 18914: 18905:Laylat al-Mabit 18888: 18840:('The Evening') 18829:Dulūk ash-Shams 18797:('The Morning') 18791:('The Morning') 18728: 18722: 18693: 18668: 18662: 18651:Days of battles 18622: 18576: 18566: 18527:Incident of Ifk 18519: 18504: 18495:Palestine River 18365: 18334:Masjid al-Dirar 18264: 18258: 18205: 18153: 18145: 18000: 17996: 17990: 17927:'Blessed' Land' 17908: 17885: 17749: 17743: 17724:Umayyad Dynasty 17685: 17671: 17632:Lot's daughters 17616: 17615:('People of the 17614: 17606: 17558:(people of Hud) 17544: 17530: 17522:(Gog and Magog) 17405:People of Ilyas 17358: 17356: 17350: 17283:Jesus' apostles 17260:Aṣḥāb al-Jannah 17244: 17225: 17171: 17165: 17129:of Moses' time) 17097: 17073:Wise, pious man 17060:Wife of Pharaoh 17052:Imraʾat Firʿawn 17039:Aaron and Moses 17038: 17032: 16988:(Benjamin) and 16977: 16971: 16889:Family of Noah 16854: 16835: 16798: 16753: 16724:Mūsā Kalīmullāh 16670: 16668: 16666: 16656: 16582:ibn Zakariyyā ( 16411: 16390: 16361: 16318: 16269: 16231:Ar-Rūḥ al-Qudus 16221:('The Spirit') 16195: 16173:Kirāman Kātibīn 16168:Harut and Marut 16145:Angels of Hell 16121: 16056: 15943: 15909: 15898: 15885: 15879: 15803: 15786: 15778:Wayback Machine 15767: 15762: 15757: 15727: 15717: 15696: 15674: 15653: 15643:Quranic Studies 15619: 15595: 15572: 15548: 15529: 15519: 15500: 15481: 15462: 15460:Topical studies 15451:Tafsir al-Mizan 15438: 15419: 15413: 15403: 15384: 15362: 15343: 15321: 15302: 15283: 15264: 15258: 15256:Further reading 15248: 15186:Heinrichs, W.P. 15158: 15132: 15071: 15069: 15051: 14998: 14977: 14953: 14909: 14876: 14874: 14872: 14834:Rowson, Everett 14789: 14766: 14741: 14722: 14704: 14699: 14698: 14691: 14670: 14666: 14655: 14636: 14632: 14625: 14611: 14607: 14599: 14595: 14590: 14586: 14580:Ziolkowski 2007 14578: 14574: 14567: 14548: 14544: 14529: 14528: 14524: 14517: 14499: 14495: 14485: 14483: 14475: 14474: 14470: 14460: 14458: 14447: 14446: 14442: 14434: 14430: 14423: 14409: 14405: 14398: 14384: 14380: 14373: 14355: 14351: 14340: 14336: 14328:, p. 435; 14324: 14320: 14313: 14294: 14290: 14280: 14278: 14270: 14269: 14265: 14255: 14253: 14245: 14244: 14240: 14230: 14228: 14215: 14214: 14210: 14191: 14187: 14177: 14175: 14162: 14161: 14157: 14149: 14145: 14132: 14131: 14127: 14117: 14115: 14113: 14087: 14083: 14076: 14055: 14048: 14041: 14025: 14021: 14014: 13995: 13991: 13984: 13961: 13954: 13944: 13936: 13929: 13906: 13902: 13879: 13875: 13865: 13863: 13856: 13837: 13833: 13826: 13812: 13808: 13781: 13777: 13770: 13756: 13752: 13748: 13730: 13726: 13719: 13705: 13701: 13696:on 19 May 2020. 13684: 13683: 13679: 13668: 13650: 13646: 13636: 13634: 13619: 13615: 13610:on 19 May 2020. 13596: 13592: 13582: 13580: 13570: 13566: 13562: 13545: 13526: 13519: 13507: 13501: 13497: 13487: 13485: 13468: 13464: 13454: 13452: 13439: 13438: 13434: 13427: 13405: 13401: 13388: 13387: 13383: 13378: 13374: 13357: 13356: 13352: 13344: 13337: 13333: 13320: 13319: 13315: 13305: 13303: 13299: 13292: 13288: 13287: 13283: 13275: 13271: 13270: 13266: 13257: 13253: 13247: 13227: 13218: 13208: 13206: 13191: 13187: 13177: 13175: 13160: 13156: 13129: 13122: 13115: 13101: 13097: 13080: 13079: 13075: 13065: 13063: 13045: 13036: 13026: 13024: 13006: 13002: 12975: 12971: 12964: 12950: 12946: 12939: 12925: 12918: 12908: 12906: 12888: 12884: 12874: 12872: 12870: 12854:. p. 258. 12852:Oxford Academic 12844: 12840: 12801: 12797: 12790: 12781: 12771: 12769: 12764: 12763: 12759: 12749: 12744: 12740: 12735: 12731: 12726: 12722: 12712: 12710: 12701: 12700: 12696: 12686: 12684: 12677: 12661: 12657: 12646: 12642: 12634: 12630: 12620: 12618: 12608: 12604: 12587: 12586: 12582: 12577:on 8 June 2008. 12569: 12568: 12564: 12557:Tafsir Al-Mizan 12551: 12550: 12543: 12532: 12528: 12514: 12510: 12497: 12496: 12492: 12486:The Study Quran 12480: 12476: 12466: 12464: 12460: 12453: 12449: 12448: 12444: 12435: 12431: 12422: 12421: 12417: 12409: 12405: 12398: 12382: 12378: 12371: 12355: 12351: 12335: 12331: 12321: 12319: 12317:World Religions 12311:Carroll, Jill. 12309: 12305: 12295: 12293: 12287:"Weird science" 12283: 12279: 12269: 12267: 12235: 12231: 12221: 12219: 12209: 12205: 12198: 12184: 12180: 12170: 12168: 12166: 12150: 12146: 12134: 12130: 12118: 12114: 12103: 12099: 12087: 12080: 12072: 12068: 12053: 12049: 12030: 12017: 12009: 12005: 11994: 11990: 11980: 11978: 11967: 11963: 11953: 11951: 11936: 11932: 11927: 11923: 11915: 11911: 11896: 11892: 11887: 11883: 11879:Vgl. Martin 533 11878: 11874: 11864: 11862: 11851: 11847: 11837: 11835: 11831: 11824: 11818: 11814: 11801: 11794: 11784: 11782: 11771: 11767: 11757: 11739: 11732: 11721: 11707: 11703: 11687: 11686: 11679: 11665: 11661: 11648: 11644: 11633: 11629: 11606: 11599: 11556:Karen Armstrong 11545: 11541: 11534: 11510: 11506: 11501: 11497: 11490: 11476: 11472: 11464: 11460: 11429:Brown, Norman O 11426: 11422: 11411: 11407: 11397: 11395: 11394:on 4 March 2008 11380: 11376: 11368: 11364: 11354: 11352: 11342: 11338: 11331: 11311:Mir M (2006). " 11309: 11305: 11299: 11278: 11274: 11266: 11259: 11251: 11247: 11237: 11235: 11227: 11226: 11222: 11215: 11198: 11194: 11187: 11157: 11150: 11132: 11128: 11120: 11116: 11108: 11104: 11097: 11089:. p. 580. 11076: 11072: 11065: 11057:. p. 319. 11047: 11043: 11038: 11034: 11024: 11022: 11012: 11008: 11000: 10996: 10986: 10984: 10975: 10974: 10970: 10960:Ruthven, Malise 10957: 10953: 10943: 10941: 10926: 10922: 10913: 10909: 10905:, 2016: p.120-1 10901: 10894: 10884: 10882: 10869: 10865: 10834: 10830: 10822: 10818: 10810: 10801: 10791: 10789: 10783:"Weird science" 10779: 10768: 10758: 10756: 10750: 10746: 10733: 10732: 10728: 10718: 10716: 10707: 10706: 10699: 10691:Stark, Rodney, 10690: 10686: 10679: 10665: 10661: 10651: 10649: 10617: 10613: 10603: 10601: 10593: 10589:Ali, Shamsher. 10587: 10583: 10574: 10573: 10569: 10561: 10557: 10548: 10546: 10542: 10532: 10530: 10519: 10515: 10491: 10487: 10478: 10477: 10473: 10466: 10450: 10446: 10440:Genesis 2:10–14 10438: 10434: 10427: 10407: 10403: 10386: 10382: 10377: 10373: 10330: 10326: 10319: 10312: 10300: 10296: 10287: 10283: 10275: 10271: 10263: 10259: 10249: 10247: 10238: 10237: 10233: 10223: 10221: 10219:Washington Post 10211: 10207: 10197: 10195: 10194:on 4 April 2023 10184: 10180: 10173: 10157: 10153: 10143: 10141: 10133: 10132: 10128: 10124:. 2007, S. 507. 10115: 10111: 10101: 10099: 10086: 10085: 10081: 10072: 10068: 10060: 10056: 10049: 10035: 10028: 10021: 10005: 9998: 9993: 9989: 9980: 9979: 9975: 9967: 9963: 9956: 9940: 9936: 9917: 9913: 9903: 9901: 9897: 9890: 9886: 9885: 9881: 9860: 9856: 9849: 9835: 9831: 9823: 9819: 9811: 9807: 9799: 9795: 9785: 9781: 9770: 9752: 9745: 9735: 9733: 9720: 9716: 9709: 9705: 9695: 9693: 9686: 9682: 9673: 9669: 9662: 9638: 9634: 9621: 9620: 9616: 9603: 9602: 9598: 9585: 9584: 9580: 9572: 9568: 9560: 9556: 9548: 9544: 9536: 9532: 9524: 9520: 9512: 9508: 9501: 9481: 9477: 9468: 9467: 9463: 9452: 9438: 9434: 9427: 9413: 9409: 9395: 9381: 9377: 9359: 9355: 9346: 9342: 9335: 9319: 9315: 9308: 9292: 9288: 9278: 9276: 9266: 9259: 9252: 9238: 9231: 9221: 9219: 9210: 9209: 9205: 9192: 9188: 9178: 9176: 9166: 9162: 9152: 9150: 9143: 9136: 9126: 9124: 9114: 9110: 9079: 9075: 9052: 9048: 9026: 9025: 9021: 9006: 9002: 8986: 8982: 8967:10.2307/1596266 8959:Studia Islamica 8955: 8948: 8925: 8921: 8913: 8909: 8900: 8896: 8886: 8882: 8843: 8822: 8813: 8808: 8804: 8799: 8795: 8768: 8764: 8749: 8745: 8734: 8730: 8719: 8715: 8702: 8701: 8697: 8684: 8680: 8672: 8665: 8657: 8653: 8642: 8638: 8594: 8587: 8579: 8575: 8565: 8563: 8553: 8549: 8521: 8512: 8504: 8500: 8487: 8486: 8482: 8445: 8441: 8423: 8416: 8409: 8395: 8386: 8376: 8374: 8366: 8365: 8361: 8351: 8349: 8341: 8340: 8331: 8321: 8319: 8313: 8304: 8294: 8292: 8287: 8286: 8277: 8270: 8256: 8245: 8235: 8233: 8225: 8224: 8220: 8189: 8185: 8177: 8173: 8166: 8138:Houtsma, M. Th. 8134: 8130: 8122: 8118: 8110: 8106: 8089: 8088: 8084: 8077: 8063: 8059: 8052: 8038: 8031: 8024: 8010: 7993: 7985: 7981: 7973: 7969: 7951: 7944: 7937: 7923: 7919: 7909: 7905: 7898: 7884: 7880: 7871: 7867: 7858: 7854: 7842: 7838: 7830: 7826: 7818: 7814: 7807: 7776: 7766: 7764: 7751: 7750: 7746: 7739: 7723: 7719: 7709: 7691: 7687: 7676: 7662: 7658: 7644: 7640: 7625: 7624: 7620: 7610: 7590: 7586: 7576: 7556: 7552: 7531: 7527: 7517: 7515: 7507: 7506: 7499: 7478: 7474: 7466: 7462: 7454: 7450: 7442: 7438: 7430: 7426: 7421: 7416: 7415: 7406: 7402: 7397: 7389: 7385: 7377: 7373: 7369: 7368: 7359: 7355: 7350: 7346: 7341: 7337: 7332: 7328: 7322: 7318: 7313: 7309: 7304: 7300: 7295: 7291: 7269: 7265: 7260: 7256: 7251: 7247: 7238: 7234: 7213: 7209: 7160: 7156: 7150: 7147: 7144: 7140: 7137: 7134: 7131: 7120: 7083: 7055: 7051: 7050: 7046: 7000:Literary Arabic 6989: 6985: 6957: 6953: 6934: 6930: 6905: 6901: 6885: 6881: 6868: 6864: 6845: 6841: 6816: 6812: 6810: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6761:The True Furqan 6699: 6692: 6685: 6678: 6671: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6637:Arabic alphabet 6633: 6493:Syriac language 6467: 6462: 6454: 6448: 6435:Matsyendranatha 6351: 6328:Gospel of James 6308: 6302: 6190: 6165: 6158: 6150: 6141: 6132: 6123: 6117: 6108: 6106:Brooklyn Museum 6100:Folio from the 6098: 5998: 5992: 5987: 5949:Nafi' al-Madani 5857: 5855:Ten recitations 5839: 5738: 5732: 5708: 5701: 5694: 5685: 5682: 5673: 5658: 5649: 5642: 5633: 5630: 5360: 5354: 5348: 5332: 5330:Reappropriation 5268: 5089: 5081:Main articles: 5079: 5051:Tafsir Al Kabir 5032:Hujjat al-Islam 4994:their followers 4976:Zayd ibn Thabit 4897: 4885:Main articles: 4883: 4876: 4870: 4861: 4855: 4846: 4843:Abbasid caliphs 4835: 4826: 4815: 4806: 4803: 4794: 4785:enamelled glass 4777: 4768: 4753: 4744: 4741:Brooklyn Museum 4734: 4698: 4646: 4636:The Clear Quran 4622: 4619: 4617: 4615: 4609: 4604: 4602: 4600: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4548: 4546: 4544: 4542: 4536: 4531: 4529: 4527: 4525: 4523: 4521: 4496: 4467: 4461: 4359: 4271: 4233: 4231: 4224: 4223: 4200:Salafi jihadism 4158:Other religions 4153:Arabic language 4115: 4105: 4104: 4033:Moral teachings 3924: 3910: 3909: 3900:Spread of Islam 3845: 3835: 3834: 3822:(jurisprudence) 3804:Qisas al-Anbiya 3753: 3752: 3732: 3731: 3700: 3690: 3689: 3645: 3610: 3589:movement, etc. 3565:Asraral-balagha 3450:points out the 3394: 3386:Main articles: 3384: 3341:Norman O. Brown 3298: 3116: 3030: 3022:Main articles: 3020: 2930:Big Bang theory 2895:Ziauddin Sardar 2801:Nidhal Guessoum 2789:M. Shamsher Ali 2785: 2779: 2625: 2619: 2535:Safaitic-Arabic 2488:5 daily prayers 2328: 2273: 2267: 2240:is a prominent 2182:child sacrifice 2137:of the perfect 2077: 2062: 2056: 2015: 2009: 2003: 1997: 1991: 1985: 1956:The Quran uses 1954: 1946:Main articles: 1944: 1934:, sacrifice of 1910:as well as the 1880:Family of Amram 1870:The stories of 1865:Mohammed Arkoun 1817:Quranic studies 1759: 1753: 1736: 1624: 1590: 1584:Quranic studies 1582:Main articles: 1580: 1441: 1434:Hafsa bint Umar 1420: 1417:Zayd ibn Thabit 1409: 1394: 1382:Main articles: 1380: 1329:in the year 10 1302: 1174: 1169: 1161:Main articles: 1159: 934: 925: 880: 879: 855: 854: 845: 844: 830: 829: 828:Characteristics 820: 819: 809: 807:Related persons 772: 771: 760: 759: 738: 737: 726: 725: 687: 686: 675: 674: 616: 615: 606: 605: 560: 559: 550: 549: 494: 493: 418: 388: 377: 302:Quranic studies 298:Arabic language 216: 194: 175: 169: 148: 102: 99: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 21461: 21451: 21450: 21445: 21440: 21435: 21430: 21425: 21420: 21415: 21410: 21405: 21388: 21387: 21385: 21384: 21378: 21372: 21364: 21356: 21350: 21342: 21336: 21328: 21322: 21319:Book of Mormon 21315: 21313: 21307: 21306: 21304: 21303: 21297: 21291: 21283: 21277: 21271: 21265: 21258: 21256: 21250: 21249: 21247: 21246: 21240: 21234: 21228: 21222: 21216: 21215: 21214: 21201: 21199: 21193: 21192: 21190: 21189: 21186:Divine Liturgy 21183: 21182:(Neoplatonism) 21177: 21171: 21165: 21159: 21153: 21145: 21139: 21138: 21137: 21136:(Christianity) 21131: 21130: 21129: 21123: 21122:(Samaritanism) 21105: 21099: 21085: 21079: 21073: 21067: 21060: 21058: 21052: 21051: 21039: 21038: 21031: 21024: 21016: 21007: 21006: 21004: 21003: 20993: 20980: 20977: 20976: 20973: 20972: 20969: 20968: 20966: 20965: 20960: 20955: 20950: 20945: 20940: 20935: 20930: 20925: 20924: 20923: 20913: 20912: 20911: 20906: 20901: 20891: 20886: 20885: 20884: 20879: 20868: 20866: 20865:Related topics 20862: 20861: 20859: 20858: 20853: 20848: 20843: 20837: 20835: 20829: 20828: 20826: 20825: 20820: 20815: 20810: 20805: 20800: 20799: 20798: 20793: 20788: 20777: 20775: 20765: 20764: 20751: 20750: 20747: 20746: 20743: 20742: 20740: 20739: 20734: 20727: 20722: 20721: 20720: 20710: 20705: 20700: 20695: 20690: 20684: 20682: 20678: 20677: 20675: 20674: 20669: 20664: 20659: 20653: 20651: 20645: 20644: 20642: 20641: 20636: 20631: 20626: 20621: 20616: 20611: 20606: 20600: 20598: 20592: 20591: 20589: 20588: 20583: 20578: 20573: 20568: 20563: 20558: 20553: 20547: 20545: 20535: 20534: 20519: 20518: 20515: 20514: 20511: 20510: 20508: 20507: 20502: 20501: 20500: 20488: 20486:Sources of law 20483: 20478: 20477: 20476: 20466: 20459: 20454: 20447: 20442: 20435: 20430: 20425: 20420: 20415: 20410: 20405: 20400: 20393: 20386: 20385: 20384: 20379: 20374: 20364: 20359: 20351: 20349: 20345: 20344: 20342: 20341: 20334: 20327: 20320: 20313: 20306: 20299: 20291: 20289: 20287: 20286: 20281: 20276: 20270: 20267: 20266: 20264: 20263: 20256: 20251: 20244: 20237: 20230: 20222: 20220: 20214: 20213: 20211: 20210: 20203: 20196: 20189: 20182: 20177: 20171: 20169: 20159: 20158: 20155: 20154: 20149: 20143: 20135: 20134: 20131: 20130: 20128: 20127: 20122: 20117: 20112: 20110:Social welfare 20107: 20102: 20095: 20090: 20085: 20080: 20075: 20070: 20065: 20060: 20055: 20050: 20045: 20040: 20035: 20030: 20024: 20022: 20020: 20019: 20014: 20008: 20005: 20004: 20002: 20001: 19996: 19991: 19990: 19989: 19979: 19974: 19973: 19972: 19967: 19966: 19965: 19960: 19959: 19958: 19953: 19948: 19935: 19921: 19920: 19919: 19914: 19913: 19912: 19902: 19897: 19892: 19882: 19877: 19876: 19875: 19874: 19873: 19863: 19858: 19853: 19848: 19837: 19835: 19829: 19828: 19826: 19825: 19818: 19813: 19808: 19803: 19797: 19795: 19789: 19788: 19786: 19785: 19784: 19783: 19778: 19773: 19768: 19763: 19758: 19753: 19748: 19736: 19731: 19724: 19717: 19715:Historiography 19712: 19707: 19702: 19697: 19691: 19689: 19687: 19686: 19681: 19675: 19672: 19671: 19669: 19668: 19661: 19654: 19647: 19640: 19632: 19630: 19624: 19623: 19621: 19620: 19615: 19610: 19603: 19598: 19593: 19588: 19587: 19586: 19576: 19569: 19568: 19567: 19556: 19554: 19544: 19543: 19536: 19533: 19532: 19524: 19523: 19516: 19509: 19501: 19492: 19491: 19485: 19482: 19481: 19478: 19477: 19475: 19474: 19468: 19467: 19466: 19465:(River or sea) 19460: 19447: 19445: 19441: 19440: 19437: 19436: 19434: 19433: 19428: 19423: 19413: 19403: 19402: 19401: 19391: 19377: 19375: 19369: 19368: 19366: 19365: 19364: 19363: 19355: 19345: 19335: 19325: 19315: 19309: 19298: 19296: 19289: 19283: 19277: 19271: 19265: 19259: 19257: 19253: 19252: 19250: 19249: 19248: 19247: 19235: 19234: 19233: 19221: 19210: 19208: 19202: 19201: 19198: 19197: 19194: 19193: 19191: 19190: 19185: 19180: 19174: 19172: 19168: 19167: 19165: 19164: 19159: 19154: 19149: 19144: 19138: 19136: 19132: 19131: 19129: 19128: 19117: 19111: 19109: 19102: 19101: 19085: 19081: 19079: 19070: 19069: 19066: 19061: 19053: 19048: 19043: 19037: 19035: 19027: 19026: 19024: 19023: 19015: 19002: 19001: 19000: 18995: 18974: 18966: 18957: 18943: 18941: 18935: 18934: 18924: 18923: 18920: 18919: 18916: 18915: 18913: 18908: 18901: 18896: 18894: 18890: 18889: 18887: 18886: 18885: 18884: 18869: 18868: 18867: 18866: 18865: 18856: 18841: 18826: 18817: 18816: 18815: 18805:('The Night') 18800: 18799: 18798: 18792: 18780: 18761:('Praising'), 18732: 18730: 18729:or remembrance 18724: 18723: 18721: 18720: 18711: 18701: 18699: 18695: 18694: 18692: 18691: 18690: 18689: 18684: 18674: 18672: 18664: 18663: 18661: 18660: 18655: 18652: 18649: 18640: 18630: 18628: 18624: 18623: 18621: 18620: 18615: 18610: 18608:Battle of Uhud 18605: 18600: 18595: 18593:Battle of Badr 18590: 18580: 18578: 18568: 18567: 18565: 18564: 18559: 18553: 18541: 18536: 18532:Laylat al-Qadr 18528: 18524: 18521: 18520: 18510: 18509: 18506: 18505: 18503: 18502: 18496: 18493: 18487: 18482: 18477: 18472: 18467: 18459: 18450: 18447: 18442: 18441: 18440: 18439: 18438: 18433: 18428: 18424:Ghār ath-Thawr 18420: 18415: 18390: 18389: 18388: 18377: 18375: 18371: 18370: 18367: 18366: 18364: 18363: 18358: 18357: 18356: 18355: 18354: 18349: 18336: 18331: 18321: 18311: 18289: 18284: 18277: 18268: 18266: 18260: 18259: 18257: 18256: 18247:('Township of 18242: 18232: 18231: 18230: 18216: 18214: 18207: 18206: 18204: 18203: 18194: 18193: 18192: 18191: 18190: 18175:Al-Wādil-Ayman 18169:Valley of Tuwa 18157: 18155: 18147: 18146: 18144: 18143: 18138: 18137: 18136: 18114: 18113: 18112: 18110:Safa and Marwa 18107: 18099: 18089: 18080: 18065: 18060: 18055: 18047: 18038: 18025: 18024: 18023: 18004: 18002: 17989: 17988: 17985: 17975: 17970: 17960: 17958:Door of Hittah 17955: 17943: 17930: 17929: 17928: 17916: 17914: 17910: 17909: 17899: 17898: 17895: 17894: 17891: 17890: 17887: 17886: 17884: 17883: 17882: 17881: 17875: 17864: 17863: 17862: 17857: 17856: 17855: 17850: 17835: 17834: 17833: 17828: 17803: 17802: 17801: 17793: 17781: 17773: 17772: 17771: 17761: 17758:Ahl al-Dhimmah 17753: 17751: 17745: 17744: 17742: 17741: 17735: 17726: 17721: 17719:Iranian people 17716: 17711: 17706: 17701: 17695: 17689: 17687: 17681: 17680: 17677: 17676: 17673: 17672: 17670: 17669: 17666: 17665: 17664: 17659: 17654: 17644: 17641: 17640: 17639: 17634: 17629: 17620: 17618: 17608: 17607: 17605: 17604: 17603: 17602: 17586: 17581: 17580: 17579: 17564: 17559: 17552: 17550: 17532: 17531: 17529: 17528: 17523: 17515: 17510: 17505: 17500: 17495: 17494: 17493: 17482: 17481: 17480: 17479: 17478: 17472: 17459:Aṣḥāb Muḥammad 17451: 17446: 17441: 17432: 17431: 17430: 17427:Aṣḥāb al-Aykah 17424: 17412: 17407: 17402: 17397: 17389: 17381: 17373: 17366: 17360: 17349: 17348: 17347:Nation of Noah 17345: 17339: 17330: 17325: 17320: 17315: 17302: 17297: 17296: 17295: 17280: 17270: 17269: 17268: 17265: 17256: 17254: 17246: 17245: 17235: 17234: 17231: 17230: 17227: 17226: 17224: 17223: 17218: 17215: 17210: 17205: 17202: 17199:Caleb or Kaleb 17196: 17191: 17186: 17181: 17175: 17173: 17167: 17166: 17164: 17163: 17157: 17152: 17147: 17141: 17135: 17130: 17120: 17109: 17107: 17103: 17102: 17099: 17098: 17096: 17095: 17090: 17085: 17080: 17075: 17070: 17069: 17068: 17063: 17049: 17042: 17040: 17034: 17033: 17031: 17030: 17025: 17024: 17023: 17012: 17006: 16993: 16981: 16979: 16970: 16969: 16963: 16962: 16961: 16956: 16954:Queen of Sheba 16951: 16943: 16942: 16941: 16936: 16931: 16921: 16920: 16919: 16917:Isaac's mother 16914: 16909: 16903: 16900: 16899: 16898: 16895: 16887: 16882: 16881: 16880: 16875: 16866: 16864: 16856: 16855: 16845: 16844: 16841: 16840: 16837: 16836: 16834: 16833: 16830:Yūshaʿ ibn Nūn 16827: 16817: 16810: 16808: 16804: 16803: 16800: 16799: 16797: 16796: 16782: 16772: 16767: 16761: 16759: 16758:Debatable ones 16755: 16754: 16752: 16751: 16741: 16740:Friend of God) 16731: 16721: 16720: 16719: 16713: 16693: 16692: 16691: 16685: 16674: 16672: 16667:('Those of the 16655: 16654: 16644: 16634: 16633: 16632: 16626: 16602: 16601: 16600: 16587: 16577: 16566: 16556: 16546: 16541: 16531: 16530: 16529: 16514: 16504: 16498: 16492: 16482: 16476: 16470: 16464: 16454: 16444: 16434: 16423: 16421: 16413: 16412: 16400: 16399: 16396: 16395: 16392: 16391: 16389: 16388: 16381: 16369: 16367: 16363: 16362: 16360: 16359: 16351: 16335: 16333: 16320: 16319: 16317: 16316: 16309: 16301: 16294: 16286: 16284: 16275: 16274: 16271: 16270: 16268: 16267: 16261: 16253: 16242: 16241: 16240: 16239: 16238: 16228: 16225:Ar-Rūḥ al-Amīn 16207: 16205: 16194: 16193: 16188: 16187: 16186: 16181: 16170: 16165: 16160: 16159: 16158: 16151: 16142: 16140: 16127: 16126: 16123: 16122: 16120: 16119: 16107: 16095: 16085: 16075: 16064: 16062: 16058: 16057: 16055: 16054: 16045: 16036: 16027: 16017: 16004: 15994: 15981: 15972: 15962: 15960: 15953: 15945: 15944: 15942: 15941: 15940: 15939: 15914: 15911: 15910: 15900: 15899: 15887: 15886: 15878: 15877: 15870: 15863: 15855: 15849: 15848: 15843: 15838: 15833: 15828: 15819: 15814: 15809: 15802: 15799: 15798: 15797: 15792: 15785: 15782: 15781: 15780: 15766: 15763: 15761: 15760:External links 15758: 15756: 15755: 15747: 15726: 15723: 15722: 15721: 15715: 15700: 15694: 15678: 15672: 15652: 15649: 15648: 15647: 15635: 15623: 15617: 15599: 15593: 15581:Luling, Gunter 15577: 15570: 15558:, ed. (2000). 15552: 15546: 15528: 15525: 15524: 15523: 15517: 15504: 15498: 15485: 15479: 15461: 15458: 15457: 15456: 15442: 15436: 15415:Main article: 15412: 15409: 15408: 15407: 15401: 15388: 15382: 15370:Sells, Michael 15366: 15360: 15347: 15341: 15329:Rahman, Fazlur 15325: 15319: 15306: 15300: 15287: 15281: 15263: 15260: 15259: 15257: 15254: 15253: 15252: 15246: 15231: 15219:10.2307/596868 15213:(3): 435–441. 15202: 15182:van Donzel, E. 15178:Bosworth, C.E. 15162: 15156: 15136: 15130: 15116:Rippin, Andrew 15112: 15094:(3): 291–315. 15078: 15055: 15049: 15031: 15019:10.1086/372742 15013:(3): 203–212. 15002: 14996: 14981: 14976:978-0691155692 14975: 14957: 14951: 14938: 14913: 14907: 14883: 14870: 14850: 14830:Krämer, Gudrun 14826:Cook, David B. 14822: 14793: 14787: 14770: 14764: 14745: 14739: 14726: 14720: 14703: 14700: 14697: 14696: 14689: 14664: 14653: 14630: 14623: 14605: 14593: 14584: 14572: 14565: 14542: 14522: 14515: 14493: 14468: 14440: 14428: 14421: 14403: 14396: 14378: 14371: 14349: 14334: 14318: 14311: 14288: 14263: 14238: 14221:Madain Project 14208: 14185: 14155: 14143: 14125: 14111: 14081: 14074: 14060:, ed. (1989). 14046: 14039: 14019: 14012: 13989: 13982: 13968:Rippin, Andrew 13952: 13927: 13900: 13873: 13855:978-1904063148 13854: 13831: 13824: 13806: 13775: 13768: 13750: 13747: 13746: 13743: 13735: 13724: 13717: 13699: 13677: 13666: 13644: 13633:on 18 May 2020 13613: 13590: 13564: 13561: 13560: 13557: 13549: 13543: 13531:, ed. (2006), 13529:Leaman, Oliver 13517: 13514:. p. 109. 13495: 13462: 13432: 13425: 13399: 13381: 13372: 13350: 13331: 13313: 13281: 13264: 13251: 13245: 13231:Leaman, Oliver 13216: 13185: 13154: 13143:(1–2): 41–55. 13120: 13113: 13095: 13073: 13034: 13000: 12969: 12962: 12944: 12937: 12916: 12905:on 5 July 2008 12882: 12868: 12838: 12795: 12779: 12757: 12738: 12729: 12720: 12694: 12675: 12655: 12652:. p. 525. 12648:بازمول, محمد. 12640: 12628: 12602: 12599:on 1 May 2008. 12580: 12562: 12541: 12538:. p. 129. 12526: 12523:. p. 193. 12508: 12503:Slate Magazine 12490: 12474: 12442: 12429: 12415: 12403: 12396: 12376: 12369: 12349: 12329: 12303: 12277: 12229: 12203: 12196: 12178: 12164: 12144: 12128: 12112: 12097: 12078: 12066: 12047: 12045: 12044: 12034: 12028: 12003: 11988: 11961: 11950:on 18 May 2011 11930: 11921: 11909: 11890: 11881: 11872: 11845: 11812: 11807:Avaliable at: 11792: 11765: 11755: 11749:. p. 21. 11730: 11719: 11701: 11677: 11659: 11657:, Brill, 2007. 11642: 11627: 11597: 11572:Joseph Schacht 11539: 11532: 11504: 11495: 11488: 11470: 11458: 11445:10.2307/466329 11420: 11405: 11374: 11362: 11336: 11329: 11303: 11297: 11272: 11245: 11220: 11213: 11192: 11185: 11148: 11126: 11114: 11102: 11095: 11070: 11064:978-0810855281 11063: 11041: 11032: 11006: 11004:, p. 119. 10994: 10983:. 21 July 2014 10968: 10964:A Fury For God 10951: 10920: 10907: 10892: 10863: 10828: 10816: 10799: 10766: 10744: 10726: 10715:on 23 May 2013 10697: 10684: 10678:978-1848855175 10677: 10659: 10611: 10581: 10567: 10555: 10540: 10513: 10485: 10471: 10464: 10444: 10432: 10425: 10401: 10380: 10371: 10324: 10310: 10294: 10281: 10269: 10265:Al-Jallad 2022 10257: 10231: 10205: 10178: 10171: 10151: 10126: 10109: 10079: 10077:. 1967, S. 49. 10066: 10054: 10047: 10026: 10019: 9996: 9987: 9973: 9961: 9954: 9934: 9911: 9879: 9854: 9847: 9829: 9827:, p. 428. 9817: 9805: 9793: 9779: 9768: 9743: 9728:. p. 18. 9714: 9703: 9680: 9667: 9660: 9632: 9614: 9596: 9578: 9566: 9554: 9552:, p. 200. 9542: 9530: 9518: 9506: 9499: 9485:Leaman, Oliver 9475: 9461: 9450: 9432: 9425: 9407: 9393: 9375: 9370:Dhū al-Qarnayn 9361:Watt 1960–2007 9353: 9340: 9334:978-9004100633 9333: 9313: 9306: 9286: 9274:Open Democracy 9257: 9250: 9229: 9218:. 24 July 2015 9203: 9186: 9174:New York Times 9160: 9134: 9108: 9089:(1–2): 1–129. 9073: 9062:(4): 343–436. 9046: 9019: 9000: 8980: 8946: 8941:10.1086/674909 8935:(1): 166–169. 8919: 8907: 8894: 8892:of the Quran." 8880: 8878: 8877: 8870: 8867: 8860: 8853: 8850: 8841: 8827:, ed. (2006). 8825:Leaman, Oliver 8811: 8802: 8793: 8782:. BRILL: vii. 8762: 8753:Hadith Studies 8743: 8728: 8713: 8695: 8678: 8676:, pp. 3–5 8663: 8651: 8636: 8634: 8633: 8626: 8619: 8616: 8613: 8606: 8585: 8583:, p. 117. 8573: 8547: 8525:, p. 99: 8523:Tabatabae 1988 8510: 8508:, p. 121. 8498: 8480: 8439: 8414: 8407: 8384: 8359: 8329: 8302: 8275: 8268: 8243: 8218: 8183: 8171: 8164: 8150:(1 ed.). 8128: 8116: 8104: 8082: 8075: 8057: 8050: 8029: 8022: 7991: 7987:Tabatabae 1988 7979: 7967: 7964:. p. 338. 7942: 7935: 7917: 7903: 7896: 7878: 7865: 7852: 7836: 7824: 7812: 7774: 7744: 7737: 7717: 7707: 7701:. p. 21. 7685: 7674: 7656: 7638: 7618: 7584: 7550: 7525: 7497: 7472: 7460: 7448: 7436: 7423: 7422: 7420: 7417: 7414: 7413: 7399: 7398: 7396: 7395: 7383: 7370: 7367: 7366: 7353: 7344: 7335: 7326: 7316: 7307: 7298: 7289: 7263: 7254: 7245: 7232: 7207: 7154: 7138:the recitation 7103:Quranic Arabic 7044: 6983: 6803: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6789: 6784: 6779: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6757: 6752: 6747: 6742: 6737: 6732: 6727: 6722: 6717: 6712: 6706: 6705: 6704: 6690: 6676: 6660: 6657: 6632: 6629: 6503:sacred books ( 6460: 6447: 6444: 6433:, Indian yogi 6425:as well as in 6396:gospel harmony 6350: 6347: 6304:Main article: 6301: 6298: 6268:Constantinople 6241:Ottoman empire 6187:Pope Julius II 6164: 6161: 6160: 6159: 6151: 6144: 6142: 6133: 6126: 6124: 6118: 6111: 6109: 6099: 6092: 5994:Main article: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5967:Accordinng to 5953:Quran of Cairo 5838: 5835: 5834: 5833: 5819: 5792:Mustafa Ismail 5731: 5728: 5716:Umayyad Mosque 5707: 5704: 5703: 5702: 5695: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5676: 5674: 5659: 5652: 5650: 5643: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5624: 5549:Alexander Ross 5350:Main article: 5347: 5344: 5331: 5328: 5299:kashf al-asrar 5288:(d. 1209) and 5267: 5264: 5099:, followed by 5078: 5075: 4972:Ubayy ibn Ka'b 4882: 4881:Interpretation 4879: 4878: 4877: 4871: 4864: 4862: 4856: 4849: 4847: 4836: 4829: 4827: 4816: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4797: 4795: 4778: 4771: 4769: 4754: 4747: 4745: 4735: 4728: 4716:, metal work, 4697: 4696:In Islamic art 4694: 4641: 4640: 4631: 4624: 4623: 4610: 4574: 4573: 4564: 4557: 4556: 4537: 4460: 4457: 4418:asbab al-nuzul 4292:Laylat al-Qadr 4273: 4272: 4270: 4269: 4262: 4255: 4247: 4244: 4243: 4242: 4241: 4226: 4225: 4222: 4221: 4215: 4214: 4213: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4197: 4187: 4182: 4181: 4180: 4175: 4165: 4160: 4155: 4149: 4148: 4147: 4146: 4141: 4136: 4128: 4127: 4122: 4116: 4113:Related topics 4111: 4110: 4107: 4106: 4103: 4102: 4097: 4095:Social welfare 4092: 4087: 4086: 4085: 4075: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4030: 4025: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3989: 3988: 3983: 3973: 3972: 3971: 3961: 3956: 3951: 3946: 3941: 3936: 3931: 3925: 3916: 3915: 3912: 3911: 3908: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3881: 3880: 3873: 3866: 3858: 3857: 3852: 3846: 3841: 3840: 3837: 3836: 3833: 3832: 3824: 3815: 3814: 3808: 3800: 3792: 3783: 3782: 3762: 3754: 3751: 3750: 3745: 3739: 3738: 3737: 3734: 3733: 3730: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3713: 3712: 3707: 3701: 3696: 3695: 3692: 3691: 3688: 3687: 3685:Predestination 3681: 3680: 3675: 3669: 3668: 3666:Revealed Books 3663: 3657: 3656: 3646: 3641: 3640: 3637: 3636: 3628: 3627: 3621: 3620: 3609: 3606: 3598:Rashad Khalifa 3559:(d. 1078 CE), 3502:, traditional 3383: 3380: 3372:), criterion ( 3352:metatextuality 3297: 3296:Literary style 3294: 3213:Rashad Khalifa 3153:Arabic letters 3127:Queen of Sheba 3073:Queen of Sheba 3019: 3016: 3012:Muzaffar Iqbal 2966:Keith L. Moore 2954:thermodynamics 2871:, one of many 2869:Rima Ariadaeus 2781:Main article: 2778: 2775: 2656:Garden of Eden 2621:Main article: 2618: 2615: 2562:regarding it. 2545:, which was a 2506:is a command ( 2390:indoctrination 2345:Quran 18:65–82 2327: 2324: 2260:Īsā ibn Maryam 2206:Hijri calendar 2155:millat Ibrahim 2141:, and revered 2103:Islam regards 2058:Main article: 2055: 2052: 1943: 1940: 1908:Jewish history 1861:Queen of Sheba 1857:Seven sleepers 1800:the provisions 1755:Main article: 1752: 1749: 1596:as a crime of 1579: 1576: 1563:and Abbasids. 1478:Uthmanic codex 1445: 644–656 1413: 632–634 1379: 1376: 1374:are the same. 1286:ancient Arabia 1219:Battle of Badr 1203:Muslim history 1193:Night of Power 1173: 1170: 1158: 1155: 1050:('sign'), and 977:equivalent is 933: 930: 927: 926: 924: 923: 916: 909: 901: 898: 897: 896: 895: 890: 882: 881: 878: 877: 872: 867: 862: 856: 852: 851: 850: 847: 846: 843: 842: 837: 831: 827: 826: 825: 822: 821: 818: 817: 816: 815: 805: 802: 801: 795: 794: 789: 784: 779: 773: 767: 766: 765: 762: 761: 758: 757: 756: 755: 750: 739: 733: 732: 731: 728: 727: 724: 723: 718: 712: 711: 706: 700: 699: 694: 688: 682: 681: 680: 677: 676: 673: 672: 667: 662: 656: 655: 650: 645: 639: 638: 633: 628: 623: 617: 613: 612: 611: 608: 607: 604: 603: 596: 591: 585: 584: 583: 582: 577: 572: 561: 557: 556: 555: 552: 551: 548: 547: 542: 537: 532: 526: 525: 521: 520: 514: 513: 512: 511: 509:Asbab al-Nuzul 506: 495: 489: 488: 487: 484: 483: 396:Uthmanic codex 392: 644–656 381: 632–634 323:Night of Power 260:directly from 252:, believed by 246:religious text 228: 227: 212: 211: 190: 189: 183: 182: 160: 156: 155: 141: 137: 136: 133: 129: 128: 123: 119: 118: 113: 109: 108: 104: 103: 100: 568–645 78: 70: 69: 44: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 21460: 21449: 21446: 21444: 21441: 21439: 21436: 21434: 21431: 21429: 21426: 21424: 21421: 21419: 21418:Islamic texts 21416: 21414: 21411: 21409: 21406: 21404: 21401: 21400: 21398: 21382: 21379: 21376: 21373: 21370: 21369: 21365: 21362: 21361: 21357: 21354: 21351: 21348: 21347: 21343: 21340: 21337: 21334: 21333: 21332:Kitáb-i-Aqdas 21329: 21326: 21323: 21320: 21317: 21316: 21314: 21312: 21308: 21301: 21298: 21295: 21292: 21290:(Anglicanism) 21289: 21288: 21284: 21281: 21278: 21275: 21272: 21270:(Lutheranism) 21269: 21266: 21263: 21260: 21259: 21257: 21255: 21251: 21244: 21241: 21238: 21235: 21232: 21229: 21226: 21223: 21220: 21217: 21212: 21209: 21208: 21206: 21203: 21202: 21200: 21198: 21194: 21187: 21184: 21181: 21178: 21175: 21172: 21169: 21166: 21163: 21160: 21157: 21154: 21151: 21150: 21149:Metamorphoses 21146: 21143: 21142:Bhagavad Gita 21140: 21135: 21134:New Testament 21132: 21127: 21124: 21121: 21118: 21117: 21115: 21112: 21111: 21109: 21106: 21103: 21100: 21097: 21096: 21091: 21090: 21086: 21084:(Zoroastrian) 21083: 21080: 21077: 21074: 21071: 21068: 21065: 21064:Pyramid Texts 21062: 21061: 21059: 21057: 21053: 21048: 21044: 21037: 21032: 21030: 21025: 21023: 21018: 21017: 21014: 21002: 20994: 20992: 20982: 20981: 20978: 20964: 20961: 20959: 20956: 20954: 20951: 20949: 20946: 20944: 20941: 20939: 20936: 20934: 20931: 20929: 20926: 20922: 20919: 20918: 20917: 20914: 20910: 20907: 20905: 20904:Post-Islamism 20902: 20900: 20897: 20896: 20895: 20892: 20890: 20887: 20883: 20880: 20878: 20875: 20874: 20873: 20870: 20869: 20867: 20863: 20857: 20854: 20852: 20849: 20847: 20844: 20842: 20839: 20838: 20836: 20834: 20830: 20824: 20821: 20819: 20816: 20814: 20811: 20809: 20806: 20804: 20801: 20797: 20796:Protestantism 20794: 20792: 20789: 20787: 20784: 20783: 20782: 20779: 20778: 20776: 20774: 20770: 20766: 20756: 20752: 20738: 20735: 20733: 20732: 20728: 20726: 20723: 20719: 20716: 20715: 20714: 20711: 20709: 20706: 20704: 20701: 20699: 20696: 20694: 20691: 20689: 20686: 20685: 20683: 20679: 20673: 20670: 20668: 20665: 20663: 20660: 20658: 20655: 20654: 20652: 20650: 20646: 20640: 20637: 20635: 20634:Ophthalmology 20632: 20630: 20627: 20625: 20622: 20620: 20617: 20615: 20612: 20610: 20607: 20605: 20602: 20601: 20599: 20597: 20593: 20587: 20584: 20582: 20579: 20577: 20574: 20572: 20569: 20567: 20564: 20562: 20559: 20557: 20554: 20552: 20549: 20548: 20546: 20544: 20540: 20536: 20532: 20524: 20520: 20506: 20503: 20499: 20498: 20494: 20493: 20492: 20489: 20487: 20484: 20482: 20479: 20475: 20472: 20471: 20470: 20467: 20465: 20464: 20460: 20458: 20455: 20453: 20452: 20448: 20446: 20443: 20441: 20440: 20436: 20434: 20431: 20429: 20426: 20424: 20421: 20419: 20416: 20414: 20411: 20409: 20406: 20404: 20401: 20399: 20398: 20394: 20392: 20391: 20387: 20383: 20382:Death penalty 20380: 20378: 20375: 20373: 20370: 20369: 20368: 20365: 20363: 20360: 20358: 20357: 20353: 20352: 20350: 20348:Other aspects 20346: 20340: 20339: 20335: 20333: 20332: 20328: 20326: 20325: 20321: 20319: 20318: 20314: 20312: 20311: 20307: 20305: 20304: 20300: 20298: 20297: 20293: 20292: 20290: 20285: 20282: 20280: 20277: 20275: 20272: 20271: 20268: 20262: 20261: 20257: 20255: 20252: 20250: 20249: 20245: 20243: 20242: 20238: 20236: 20235: 20231: 20229: 20228: 20224: 20223: 20221: 20219: 20215: 20209: 20208: 20204: 20202: 20201: 20197: 20195: 20194: 20190: 20188: 20187: 20183: 20181: 20178: 20176: 20173: 20172: 20170: 20168: 20164: 20160: 20153: 20152:Jurisprudence 20150: 20148: 20145: 20144: 20140: 20136: 20126: 20123: 20121: 20118: 20116: 20113: 20111: 20108: 20106: 20103: 20101: 20100: 20096: 20094: 20091: 20089: 20086: 20084: 20081: 20079: 20076: 20074: 20071: 20069: 20066: 20064: 20061: 20059: 20056: 20054: 20051: 20049: 20046: 20044: 20041: 20039: 20036: 20034: 20031: 20029: 20026: 20025: 20023: 20018: 20015: 20013: 20010: 20009: 20006: 20000: 19997: 19995: 19992: 19988: 19985: 19984: 19983: 19980: 19978: 19975: 19971: 19968: 19964: 19961: 19957: 19954: 19952: 19949: 19947: 19944: 19943: 19942: 19939: 19938: 19936: 19934: 19931: 19930: 19929: 19925: 19922: 19918: 19915: 19911: 19908: 19907: 19906: 19903: 19901: 19898: 19896: 19893: 19891: 19888: 19887: 19886: 19883: 19881: 19878: 19872: 19869: 19868: 19867: 19864: 19862: 19859: 19857: 19854: 19852: 19849: 19847: 19844: 19843: 19842: 19839: 19838: 19836: 19834: 19833:Denominations 19830: 19824: 19823: 19819: 19817: 19814: 19812: 19809: 19807: 19804: 19802: 19799: 19798: 19796: 19794: 19790: 19782: 19779: 19777: 19774: 19772: 19769: 19767: 19764: 19762: 19759: 19757: 19754: 19752: 19749: 19747: 19746: 19742: 19741: 19740: 19737: 19735: 19732: 19730: 19729: 19725: 19723: 19722: 19718: 19716: 19713: 19711: 19708: 19706: 19703: 19701: 19698: 19696: 19693: 19692: 19690: 19685: 19682: 19680: 19677: 19676: 19673: 19667: 19666: 19662: 19660: 19659: 19655: 19653: 19652: 19648: 19646: 19645: 19641: 19639: 19638: 19634: 19633: 19631: 19629: 19625: 19619: 19618:Holiest sites 19616: 19614: 19613:Judgement Day 19611: 19609: 19608: 19604: 19602: 19599: 19597: 19594: 19592: 19589: 19585: 19582: 19581: 19580: 19577: 19575: 19574: 19570: 19566: 19563: 19562: 19561: 19558: 19557: 19555: 19553: 19549: 19545: 19541: 19540: 19534: 19529: 19522: 19517: 19515: 19510: 19508: 19503: 19502: 19499: 19488: 19483: 19472: 19469: 19464: 19461: 19458: 19455: 19454: 19452: 19449: 19448: 19446: 19442: 19432: 19429: 19427: 19424: 19421: 19417: 19414: 19411: 19407: 19404: 19399: 19395: 19392: 19389: 19385: 19382: 19381: 19379: 19378: 19376: 19372:Bushes, trees 19370: 19362: 19359: 19358: 19356: 19353: 19349: 19346: 19343: 19339: 19336: 19333: 19329: 19326: 19323: 19319: 19316: 19313: 19310: 19307: 19303: 19300: 19299: 19297: 19293: 19287: 19284: 19281: 19278: 19275: 19272: 19269: 19266: 19263: 19260: 19258: 19254: 19245: 19242: 19241: 19239: 19236: 19231: 19228: 19227: 19225: 19222: 19219: 19216: 19215: 19213: 19209: 19203: 19189: 19186: 19184: 19181: 19179: 19176: 19175: 19173: 19169: 19163: 19160: 19158: 19155: 19153: 19150: 19148: 19145: 19143: 19140: 19139: 19137: 19133: 19126: 19122: 19118: 19116: 19113: 19112: 19110: 19108:Of Israelites 19106: 19099: 19095: 19094: 19089: 19086: 19083: 19082: 19080: 19078:(cult images) 19074: 19067: 19065: 19062: 19059: 19058: 19054: 19052: 19051:Staff of Musa 19049: 19047: 19044: 19042: 19039: 19038: 19036: 19028: 19021: 19020: 19016: 19013: 19009: 19008: 19003: 18999: 18996: 18993: 18992: 18988: 18987: 18985: 18981: 18980: 18975: 18972: 18971: 18967: 18964: 18963: 18958: 18955: 18951: 18950: 18945: 18944: 18942: 18940: 18936: 18929: 18925: 18912: 18909: 18907: 18906: 18902: 18900: 18897: 18895: 18891: 18882: 18881: 18876: 18875: 18873: 18870: 18863: 18862: 18857: 18854: 18851: 18850: 18848: 18847: 18842: 18839: 18838: 18833: 18832: 18830: 18827: 18824: 18823: 18818: 18813: 18812: 18807: 18806: 18804: 18801: 18796: 18793: 18790: 18787: 18786: 18784: 18781: 18778: 18775: 18774: 18772: 18771: 18766: 18765: 18760: 18759: 18754: 18753: 18748: 18747: 18742: 18738: 18737: 18731: 18725: 18718: 18717: 18712: 18709: 18708: 18703: 18702: 18700: 18696: 18688: 18685: 18682: 18679: 18678: 18676: 18675: 18673: 18671: 18667:Months of the 18665: 18659: 18656: 18653: 18650: 18647: 18646: 18641: 18638: 18637: 18632: 18631: 18629: 18625: 18619: 18616: 18614: 18611: 18609: 18606: 18604: 18601: 18599: 18596: 18594: 18591: 18588: 18587: 18582: 18581: 18579: 18573: 18569: 18563: 18560: 18558: 18554: 18551: 18547: 18546: 18545:Sayl al-ʿArim 18542: 18540: 18537: 18534: 18533: 18529: 18526: 18525: 18522: 18515: 18511: 18501: 18497: 18494: 18491: 18488: 18486: 18483: 18481: 18478: 18476: 18473: 18471: 18468: 18466:(Mesopotamia) 18465: 18464: 18460: 18458: 18454: 18451: 18448: 18446: 18443: 18437: 18434: 18432: 18429: 18426: 18425: 18421: 18419: 18416: 18414: 18413: 18408: 18407: 18403: 18402: 18400: 18399: 18394: 18393: 18391: 18387: 18384: 18383: 18382: 18379: 18378: 18376: 18372: 18362: 18359: 18353: 18350: 18347: 18343: 18340: 18339: 18337: 18335: 18332: 18329: 18328:Sacred Mosque 18325: 18322: 18319: 18315: 18312: 18309: 18308: 18304: 18303: 18301: 18297: 18293: 18290: 18288: 18285: 18283: 18282: 18278: 18275: 18274: 18270: 18269: 18267: 18261: 18254: 18250: 18246: 18243: 18240: 18236: 18233: 18228: 18227: 18223: 18222: 18221: 18218: 18217: 18215: 18213: 18208: 18202: 18198: 18195: 18188: 18187: 18183: 18182: 18180: 18176: 18173: 18172: 18170: 18166: 18164: 18159: 18158: 18156: 18154:or Tīh Desert 18152: 18148: 18142: 18139: 18134: 18130: 18127: 18126: 18124: 18120: 18119: 18115: 18111: 18108: 18105: 18104: 18103:Maqām Ibrāhīm 18100: 18097: 18093: 18090: 18087: 18085: 18081: 18079: 18076: 18075: 18073: 18069: 18066: 18064: 18061: 18059: 18056: 18053: 18052: 18048: 18046: 18042: 18039: 18036: 18032: 18031: 18026: 18021: 18017: 18014: 18013: 18011: 18010: 18006: 18005: 18003: 17999: 17993: 17986: 17983: 17979: 17976: 17974: 17971: 17968: 17964: 17961: 17959: 17956: 17953: 17949: 17948: 17944: 17941: 17937: 17936: 17931: 17926: 17925: 17923: 17922: 17918: 17917: 17915: 17911: 17904: 17900: 17879: 17876: 17873: 17870: 17869: 17868: 17865: 17861: 17858: 17854: 17853:Rabbani/Rabbi 17851: 17849: 17846: 17845: 17843: 17839: 17836: 17832: 17829: 17827: 17824: 17823: 17821: 17817: 17814: 17813: 17811: 17807: 17804: 17799: 17798: 17797: 17794: 17791: 17787: 17786: 17782: 17780: 17777: 17774: 17769: 17768: 17767: 17766: 17762: 17760: 17759: 17755: 17754: 17752: 17746: 17740: 17736: 17734: 17730: 17727: 17725: 17722: 17720: 17717: 17715: 17712: 17710: 17707: 17705: 17702: 17699: 17696: 17694: 17691: 17690: 17688: 17682: 17667: 17663: 17660: 17658: 17655: 17653: 17650: 17649: 17648: 17645: 17642: 17638: 17635: 17633: 17630: 17628: 17625: 17624: 17622: 17621: 17619: 17613: 17609: 17600: 17596: 17595:Aṣḥāb al-Ḥijr 17593: 17592: 17590: 17587: 17585: 17582: 17578: 17575: 17574: 17572: 17568: 17565: 17563: 17560: 17557: 17554: 17553: 17551: 17548: 17543: 17539: 17538: 17533: 17527: 17524: 17521: 17520: 17516: 17514: 17511: 17509: 17506: 17504: 17501: 17499: 17496: 17492: 17489: 17488: 17487: 17483: 17476: 17473: 17470: 17467: 17466: 17464: 17460: 17457: 17456: 17455: 17452: 17450: 17447: 17445: 17442: 17439: 17438: 17433: 17428: 17425: 17422: 17419: 17416: 17415: 17413: 17411: 17410:People of Nuh 17408: 17406: 17403: 17401: 17398: 17395: 17394: 17390: 17387: 17386: 17382: 17379: 17378: 17374: 17372: 17368: 17367: 17364: 17361: 17353: 17346: 17343: 17340: 17338: 17334: 17331: 17329: 17326: 17324: 17321: 17319: 17316: 17314: 17310: 17306: 17303: 17301: 17298: 17293: 17289: 17286: 17285: 17284: 17281: 17278: 17274: 17273:Aṣḥāb as-Sabt 17271: 17266: 17263: 17262: 17261: 17258: 17257: 17255: 17251: 17247: 17240: 17236: 17222: 17219: 17216: 17214: 17211: 17209: 17206: 17203: 17200: 17197: 17195: 17192: 17190: 17189:Bal'am/Balaam 17187: 17185: 17182: 17180: 17177: 17176: 17174: 17172:not specified 17168: 17161: 17158: 17156: 17153: 17151: 17148: 17145: 17142: 17139: 17136: 17134: 17131: 17128: 17124: 17121: 17118: 17114: 17111: 17110: 17108: 17104: 17094: 17091: 17089: 17086: 17084: 17081: 17079: 17076: 17074: 17071: 17067: 17064: 17061: 17057: 17053: 17050: 17047: 17046: 17044: 17043: 17041: 17035: 17029: 17026: 17021: 17017: 17013: 17010: 17007: 17004: 17000: 16997: 16996: 16994: 16991: 16987: 16983: 16982: 16980: 16974: 16967: 16964: 16960: 16957: 16955: 16952: 16950: 16947: 16946: 16944: 16940: 16937: 16935: 16934:Mary's mother 16932: 16929: 16925: 16924: 16922: 16918: 16915: 16913: 16910: 16907: 16906: 16904: 16901: 16896: 16894: 16893:Father Lamech 16891: 16890: 16888: 16886: 16883: 16879: 16876: 16874: 16871: 16870: 16868: 16867: 16865: 16861: 16857: 16850: 16846: 16831: 16828: 16825: 16821: 16818: 16815: 16812: 16811: 16809: 16805: 16794: 16790: 16786: 16783: 16780: 16776: 16773: 16771: 16768: 16766: 16763: 16762: 16760: 16756: 16749: 16745: 16742: 16739: 16735: 16732: 16729: 16725: 16722: 16718:(Son of Mary) 16717: 16714: 16711: 16707: 16704: 16703: 16701: 16697: 16694: 16690: 16686: 16684: 16681: 16680: 16679: 16676: 16675: 16673: 16665: 16664: 16659: 16652: 16648: 16645: 16643:son of Jacob) 16642: 16638: 16635: 16630: 16627: 16624: 16620: 16616: 16613: 16612: 16610: 16606: 16603: 16598: 16597: 16595: 16591: 16588: 16585: 16581: 16578: 16575: 16571: 16567: 16565:son of David) 16564: 16560: 16557: 16554: 16550: 16547: 16545: 16542: 16539: 16535: 16532: 16528: 16525: 16524: 16522: 16518: 16515: 16512: 16508: 16505: 16502: 16499: 16496: 16493: 16490: 16486: 16483: 16480: 16477: 16474: 16471: 16468: 16465: 16462: 16458: 16455: 16452: 16448: 16445: 16442: 16438: 16435: 16432: 16428: 16425: 16424: 16422: 16418: 16414: 16410: 16405: 16401: 16387: 16386: 16382: 16380: 16376: 16375: 16371: 16370: 16368: 16364: 16357: 16356: 16352: 16349: 16346:(the (chief) 16345: 16344: 16340: 16337: 16336: 16334: 16331: 16327: 16326: 16321: 16315: 16314: 16310: 16307: 16306: 16302: 16300: 16299: 16295: 16293: 16292: 16288: 16287: 16285: 16282: 16281: 16276: 16265: 16262: 16259: 16258: 16254: 16251: 16247: 16243: 16236: 16232: 16229: 16226: 16223: 16222: 16220: 16219: 16215: 16214: 16212: 16209: 16208: 16206: 16204: 16203: 16198: 16192: 16189: 16185: 16182: 16180: 16177: 16176: 16174: 16171: 16169: 16166: 16164: 16161: 16157: 16156: 16152: 16150: 16147: 16146: 16144: 16143: 16141: 16138: 16134: 16133: 16128: 16117: 16113: 16112: 16108: 16105: 16101: 16100: 16096: 16093: 16089: 16086: 16083: 16079: 16078:Dābbat al-Arḍ 16076: 16073: 16069: 16066: 16065: 16063: 16059: 16052: 16051: 16046: 16043: 16042: 16037: 16034: 16033: 16028: 16026: 16023:(dog) of the 16022: 16018: 16015: 16011: 16010: 16005: 16002: 15998: 15995: 15992: 15988: 15987: 15982: 15979: 15978: 15973: 15970: 15969: 15964: 15963: 15961: 15957: 15954: 15950: 15946: 15937: 15933: 15929: 15926: 15925: 15923: 15919: 15916: 15915: 15912: 15905: 15901: 15897: 15892: 15888: 15884: 15876: 15871: 15869: 15864: 15862: 15857: 15856: 15853: 15847: 15844: 15842: 15839: 15837: 15834: 15832: 15829: 15827: 15823: 15820: 15818: 15815: 15813: 15812:Al-Quran.info 15810: 15808: 15805: 15804: 15796: 15793: 15791: 15788: 15787: 15779: 15775: 15772: 15769: 15768: 15753: 15752: 15748: 15746: 15742: 15738: 15734: 15733: 15729: 15728: 15718: 15712: 15708: 15707: 15701: 15697: 15691: 15687: 15683: 15679: 15675: 15669: 15665: 15664: 15659: 15655: 15654: 15651:Encyclopedias 15644: 15640: 15636: 15632: 15628: 15627:Puin, Gerd R. 15624: 15620: 15614: 15610: 15609: 15604: 15600: 15596: 15590: 15586: 15582: 15578: 15573: 15571:0-7007-1256-9 15567: 15563: 15562: 15557: 15553: 15549: 15543: 15539: 15535: 15534:M.M. Al-Azami 15531: 15530: 15520: 15514: 15510: 15505: 15501: 15495: 15491: 15486: 15482: 15476: 15472: 15468: 15464: 15463: 15453: 15452: 15447: 15443: 15439: 15433: 15429: 15425: 15421: 15420: 15418: 15404: 15398: 15394: 15389: 15385: 15379: 15375: 15371: 15367: 15363: 15357: 15353: 15348: 15344: 15338: 15334: 15330: 15326: 15322: 15316: 15312: 15307: 15303: 15297: 15293: 15288: 15284: 15278: 15274: 15270: 15269:Bell, Richard 15266: 15265: 15249: 15243: 15239: 15238: 15232: 15228: 15224: 15220: 15216: 15212: 15208: 15203: 15199: 15195: 15191: 15187: 15183: 15179: 15175: 15174:Bianquis, Th. 15171: 15167: 15163: 15159: 15153: 15150:. Routledge. 15148: 15147: 15141: 15137: 15133: 15127: 15124:. Blackwell. 15123: 15122: 15117: 15113: 15109: 15105: 15101: 15097: 15093: 15089: 15088: 15083: 15079: 15068: 15064: 15060: 15056: 15052: 15046: 15042: 15041: 15036: 15032: 15028: 15024: 15020: 15016: 15012: 15008: 15003: 14999: 14993: 14990:. Archetype. 14989: 14988: 14982: 14978: 14972: 14968: 14967: 14962: 14958: 14954: 14948: 14944: 14939: 14935: 14931: 14927: 14923: 14919: 14914: 14910: 14904: 14900: 14896: 14892: 14888: 14887:Corbin, Henry 14884: 14873: 14867: 14862: 14861: 14855: 14854:Cook, Michael 14851: 14847: 14843: 14839: 14835: 14831: 14827: 14823: 14819: 14815: 14811: 14807: 14803: 14799: 14794: 14790: 14788:9780199730049 14784: 14780: 14776: 14771: 14767: 14765:9789004329003 14761: 14757: 14756: 14751: 14746: 14742: 14736: 14732: 14727: 14723: 14717: 14713: 14712: 14706: 14705: 14692: 14690:90-04-12354-7 14686: 14682: 14678: 14674: 14668: 14661: 14660:spirituality. 14656: 14650: 14646: 14645: 14640: 14634: 14626: 14620: 14616: 14609: 14603: 14597: 14588: 14582:, p. 78. 14581: 14576: 14568: 14562: 14558: 14557: 14552: 14546: 14538: 14534: 14533: 14526: 14518: 14512: 14508: 14504: 14497: 14482: 14478: 14472: 14456: 14455: 14450: 14444: 14438: 14432: 14424: 14418: 14414: 14407: 14399: 14393: 14389: 14382: 14374: 14372:90-04-12354-7 14368: 14364: 14360: 14353: 14345: 14338: 14331: 14327: 14322: 14314: 14308: 14304: 14303: 14298: 14292: 14277: 14273: 14267: 14252: 14248: 14242: 14227:on 6 May 2020 14226: 14222: 14218: 14212: 14204: 14200: 14196: 14189: 14173: 14169: 14165: 14159: 14153:, p. 203 14152: 14147: 14139: 14135: 14129: 14114: 14108: 14104: 14100: 14096: 14092: 14085: 14077: 14075:90-04-09239-0 14071: 14067: 14063: 14059: 14053: 14051: 14042: 14036: 14032: 14031: 14023: 14015: 14009: 14005: 14004: 13999: 13993: 13985: 13979: 13975: 13974: 13969: 13965: 13959: 13957: 13948: 13943:مجموع الفتاوى 13941: 13934: 13932: 13923: 13919: 13916:(2): 88–127. 13915: 13911: 13904: 13896: 13892: 13888: 13884: 13877: 13861: 13857: 13851: 13847: 13846: 13841: 13835: 13827: 13821: 13817: 13810: 13802: 13798: 13794: 13790: 13786: 13779: 13771: 13765: 13761: 13754: 13744: 13742:, pp. 172–87. 13741: 13737: 13736: 13733: 13728: 13720: 13714: 13710: 13703: 13695: 13691: 13687: 13681: 13673: 13669: 13663: 13659: 13655: 13648: 13632: 13628: 13624: 13617: 13609: 13605: 13601: 13594: 13579: 13575: 13568: 13558: 13555: 13551: 13550: 13546: 13540: 13536: 13535: 13530: 13524: 13522: 13513: 13506: 13503:Alya Karame. 13499: 13484:on 6 May 2016 13483: 13479: 13478: 13473: 13466: 13450: 13446: 13442: 13436: 13428: 13422: 13418: 13413: 13412: 13403: 13395: 13391: 13385: 13376: 13368: 13364: 13360: 13354: 13347: 13340: 13335: 13327: 13323: 13317: 13298: 13291: 13285: 13274: 13268: 13262: 13255: 13248: 13242: 13238: 13237: 13232: 13225: 13223: 13221: 13205: 13204: 13199: 13195: 13189: 13173: 13169: 13165: 13158: 13150: 13146: 13142: 13138: 13134: 13127: 13125: 13116: 13110: 13106: 13099: 13091: 13087: 13083: 13077: 13061: 13057: 13053: 13049: 13043: 13041: 13039: 13022: 13018: 13014: 13010: 13004: 12996: 12992: 12988: 12984: 12980: 12973: 12965: 12959: 12955: 12948: 12940: 12934: 12930: 12923: 12921: 12904: 12900: 12896: 12892: 12886: 12871: 12865: 12861: 12857: 12853: 12849: 12842: 12834: 12830: 12826: 12822: 12818: 12814: 12810: 12806: 12799: 12793: 12788: 12786: 12784: 12767: 12761: 12753: 12748:, p. 734 12747: 12742: 12733: 12724: 12708: 12704: 12698: 12682: 12678: 12676:9789675062278 12672: 12668: 12667: 12659: 12651: 12644: 12638: 12632: 12617: 12613: 12606: 12598: 12594: 12590: 12584: 12576: 12572: 12566: 12558: 12554: 12548: 12546: 12537: 12530: 12522: 12518: 12512: 12504: 12500: 12494: 12487: 12483: 12478: 12459: 12452: 12446: 12439: 12433: 12425: 12419: 12412: 12407: 12399: 12393: 12389: 12388: 12380: 12372: 12366: 12362: 12361: 12353: 12347: 12343: 12339: 12333: 12318: 12314: 12307: 12292: 12291:New Statesman 12288: 12281: 12266: 12262: 12257: 12252: 12248: 12244: 12240: 12233: 12218: 12214: 12207: 12199: 12193: 12189: 12182: 12167: 12161: 12157: 12156: 12148: 12141: 12139: 12132: 12125: 12123: 12116: 12108: 12101: 12094: 12092: 12085: 12083: 12076: 12070: 12062: 12058: 12051: 12043: 12039: 12035: 12031: 12025: 12021: 12016: 12015: 12014:, p. 12 12013: 12007: 12000: 11999: 11992: 11976: 11975:National Post 11972: 11965: 11949: 11945: 11941: 11934: 11925: 11919: 11913: 11905: 11901: 11894: 11885: 11876: 11860: 11856: 11849: 11830: 11823: 11816: 11810: 11806: 11799: 11797: 11780: 11776: 11769: 11762: 11758: 11752: 11748: 11744: 11737: 11735: 11727: 11722: 11716: 11712: 11705: 11697: 11691: 11684: 11680: 11678:0-684-82507-4 11674: 11670: 11663: 11656: 11652: 11646: 11639: 11638: 11631: 11623: 11619: 11615: 11611: 11604: 11602: 11595: 11592: 11588: 11584: 11581: 11577: 11573: 11569: 11565: 11564:Oliver Leaman 11561: 11557: 11553: 11549: 11543: 11535: 11529: 11525: 11521: 11517: 11516: 11508: 11499: 11491: 11485: 11481: 11474: 11468: 11462: 11454: 11450: 11446: 11442: 11438: 11434: 11430: 11424: 11416: 11409: 11393: 11389: 11385: 11378: 11371: 11366: 11351: 11347: 11340: 11332: 11326: 11322: 11318: 11314: 11307: 11300: 11298:90-04-12354-7 11294: 11290: 11286: 11282: 11276: 11265: 11258: 11257: 11249: 11234: 11230: 11224: 11216: 11214:0-520-07298-7 11210: 11206: 11202: 11196: 11188: 11186:90-04-12354-7 11182: 11178: 11174: 11170: 11166: 11162: 11155: 11153: 11143: 11130: 11124:, p. 53. 11123: 11118: 11112: 11106: 11098: 11092: 11088: 11084: 11083: 11074: 11066: 11060: 11056: 11052: 11045: 11036: 11021: 11017: 11014:Dukes, Kais. 11010: 11003: 10998: 10982: 10978: 10972: 10965: 10961: 10955: 10940: 10939:science blogs 10936: 10930: 10924: 10917: 10911: 10904: 10899: 10897: 10880: 10876: 10875: 10867: 10859: 10855: 10851: 10847: 10843: 10839: 10832: 10825: 10820: 10813: 10808: 10806: 10804: 10788: 10787:New Statesman 10784: 10777: 10775: 10773: 10771: 10755: 10748: 10740: 10736: 10730: 10714: 10710: 10704: 10702: 10694: 10688: 10680: 10674: 10670: 10663: 10648: 10644: 10639: 10634: 10630: 10626: 10622: 10615: 10600:. p. 572 10599: 10592: 10585: 10577: 10571: 10564: 10559: 10551: 10544: 10528: 10524: 10517: 10511: 10507: 10503: 10499: 10495: 10489: 10481: 10475: 10467: 10461: 10457: 10456: 10448: 10441: 10436: 10428: 10422: 10418: 10417: 10412: 10405: 10398: 10394: 10390: 10384: 10375: 10367: 10363: 10359: 10355: 10351: 10347: 10343: 10339: 10335: 10328: 10322: 10317: 10315: 10307: 10305: 10298: 10291: 10285: 10278: 10273: 10266: 10261: 10245: 10241: 10235: 10220: 10216: 10209: 10193: 10189: 10182: 10174: 10172:9781589017528 10168: 10164: 10163: 10155: 10140: 10136: 10130: 10123: 10119: 10113: 10097: 10093: 10092:Teslimolanlar 10089: 10083: 10076: 10070: 10064: 10058: 10050: 10044: 10040: 10033: 10031: 10022: 10016: 10012: 10011: 10003: 10001: 9991: 9983: 9977: 9971: 9965: 9957: 9951: 9947: 9946: 9938: 9930: 9926: 9922: 9915: 9896: 9889: 9883: 9877: 9876:0-19-283589-0 9873: 9869: 9865: 9858: 9850: 9844: 9840: 9833: 9826: 9821: 9815: 9809: 9803: 9797: 9791: 9788: 9787:Surah An-Nisa 9783: 9775: 9771: 9765: 9761: 9757: 9750: 9748: 9731: 9727: 9726: 9718: 9712: 9707: 9691: 9684: 9678: 9671: 9663: 9661:0-0606-3126-0 9657: 9653: 9649: 9645: 9644: 9636: 9628: 9624: 9618: 9610: 9606: 9600: 9592: 9588: 9582: 9576: 9570: 9563: 9558: 9551: 9550:Levenson 2012 9546: 9539: 9534: 9527: 9526:Levenson 2012 9522: 9516: 9510: 9502: 9496: 9492: 9491: 9486: 9479: 9472: 9465: 9458: 9453: 9447: 9443: 9436: 9428: 9422: 9418: 9411: 9404: 9402: 9396: 9390: 9386: 9379: 9366: 9362: 9357: 9351: 9344: 9336: 9330: 9326: 9325: 9317: 9309: 9303: 9299: 9298: 9290: 9275: 9271: 9264: 9262: 9253: 9247: 9243: 9236: 9234: 9217: 9213: 9207: 9200: 9196: 9190: 9175: 9171: 9164: 9148: 9141: 9139: 9123: 9119: 9112: 9104: 9100: 9096: 9092: 9088: 9084: 9077: 9069: 9065: 9061: 9057: 9050: 9042: 9038: 9034: 9030: 9023: 9015: 9011: 9004: 8998: 8997:1-59102-430-7 8994: 8990: 8984: 8976: 8972: 8968: 8964: 8960: 8953: 8951: 8942: 8938: 8934: 8930: 8923: 8916: 8911: 8904: 8898: 8891: 8884: 8875: 8871: 8868: 8866:, pp. 130–35. 8865: 8864:Oliver Leaman 8861: 8859:, pp. 159–63. 8858: 8857:Andrew Rippin 8854: 8851: 8848: 8847: 8844: 8838: 8833: 8832: 8826: 8820: 8818: 8816: 8806: 8797: 8789: 8785: 8781: 8777: 8773: 8766: 8759:(8): 141–166. 8758: 8754: 8747: 8739: 8732: 8724: 8717: 8709: 8705: 8699: 8692: 8688: 8682: 8675: 8670: 8668: 8660: 8655: 8647: 8640: 8631: 8627: 8625:, pp. 172–87. 8624: 8620: 8617: 8614: 8611: 8607: 8605:, pp. 107–20. 8604: 8603:Navid Kermani 8600: 8599: 8597: 8592: 8590: 8582: 8577: 8562: 8558: 8551: 8544: 8540: 8536: 8532: 8524: 8519: 8517: 8515: 8507: 8502: 8494: 8490: 8484: 8476: 8472: 8467: 8462: 8458: 8454: 8450: 8443: 8435: 8431: 8427: 8421: 8419: 8410: 8404: 8400: 8393: 8391: 8389: 8373: 8369: 8363: 8348: 8344: 8338: 8336: 8334: 8318: 8311: 8309: 8307: 8290: 8284: 8282: 8280: 8271: 8269:9960-9677-0-0 8265: 8261: 8254: 8252: 8250: 8248: 8232: 8228: 8222: 8214: 8210: 8206: 8202: 8198: 8194: 8187: 8181: 8175: 8167: 8161: 8157: 8153: 8149: 8148: 8143: 8142:Arnold, T. W. 8139: 8132: 8126: 8120: 8114: 8108: 8100: 8096: 8092: 8086: 8078: 8072: 8068: 8061: 8053: 8047: 8043: 8036: 8034: 8025: 8019: 8015: 8008: 8006: 8004: 8002: 8000: 7998: 7996: 7988: 7983: 7977: 7971: 7963: 7959: 7955: 7949: 7947: 7938: 7932: 7928: 7921: 7915: 7912: 7911:Surah Al-Qadr 7907: 7899: 7893: 7889: 7882: 7875: 7869: 7862: 7856: 7850: 7846: 7840: 7834: 7828: 7822: 7816: 7810: 7805: 7803: 7801: 7799: 7797: 7795: 7793: 7791: 7789: 7787: 7785: 7783: 7781: 7779: 7762: 7758: 7754: 7748: 7740: 7734: 7730: 7729: 7721: 7714: 7710: 7704: 7700: 7696: 7689: 7682: 7677: 7671: 7667: 7660: 7653: 7649: 7642: 7634: 7633: 7628: 7622: 7614: 7606: 7602: 7601: 7595: 7588: 7580: 7572: 7568: 7567: 7561: 7554: 7546: 7542: 7538: 7537: 7529: 7514: 7510: 7504: 7502: 7493: 7489: 7485: 7484: 7476: 7470: 7464: 7458: 7452: 7446: 7440: 7434: 7428: 7424: 7410: 7404: 7400: 7393: 7387: 7381: 7375: 7371: 7363: 7357: 7348: 7339: 7330: 7320: 7311: 7302: 7293: 7286: 7284: 7283:Abu Hudhaifah 7280: 7273: 7272:Abu Hudhaifah 7267: 7258: 7249: 7242: 7236: 7228: 7222: 7217: 7211: 7204: 7200: 7196: 7192: 7188: 7184: 7180: 7176: 7172: 7168: 7164: 7158: 7124: 7118: 7104: 7091: 7087: 7086: 7076: 7048: 7039: 7031: 7023: 7015: 7007: 7001: 6996:/al.qurˈʔaːn/ 6993: 6987: 6978: 6949: 6926: 6900: 6894: 6877: 6860: 6837: 6808: 6804: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6763: 6762: 6758: 6756: 6755:Digital Quran 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6711: 6708: 6707: 6702: 6696: 6691: 6688: 6682: 6677: 6674: 6663: 6656: 6654: 6650: 6646: 6642: 6638: 6628: 6626: 6625:New Testament 6622: 6618: 6614: 6610: 6606: 6602: 6598: 6594: 6590: 6586: 6582: 6578: 6574: 6570: 6566: 6562: 6558: 6554: 6550: 6546: 6542: 6538: 6534: 6530: 6526: 6522: 6518: 6514: 6510: 6506: 6502: 6498: 6494: 6490: 6489: 6484: 6481:According to 6479: 6477: 6473: 6465: 6459: 6453: 6440: 6436: 6432: 6428: 6424: 6421: 6417: 6413: 6412: 6407: 6403: 6399: 6397: 6393: 6389: 6385: 6381: 6377: 6373: 6369: 6365: 6360: 6356: 6346: 6344: 6339: 6337: 6333: 6329: 6325: 6321: 6317: 6313: 6307: 6297: 6295: 6292:published an 6291: 6287: 6283: 6280:published an 6279: 6278:Gustav Flügel 6275: 6273: 6269: 6265: 6261: 6257: 6253: 6248: 6246: 6242: 6238: 6233: 6231: 6227: 6223: 6219: 6215: 6211: 6207: 6203: 6199: 6188: 6184: 6179: 6177: 6169: 6156: 6155: 6148: 6143: 6139: 6137: 6130: 6125: 6121: 6115: 6110: 6107: 6103: 6096: 6091: 6090: 6089: 6087: 6082: 6080: 6076: 6072: 6067: 6065: 6064: 6059: 6055: 6054: 6049: 6045: 6044: 6039: 6038: 6033: 6032: 6027: 6026: 6020: 6019: 6013: 6009: 6008: 6003: 6002:calligraphers 5997: 5982: 5980: 5976: 5975: 5970: 5969:Ibn Taymiyyah 5965: 5963: 5959: 5954: 5950: 5946: 5942: 5939:(d. 796) and 5938: 5934: 5933: 5928: 5927:seven readers 5924: 5920: 5916: 5912: 5908: 5904: 5900: 5895: 5893: 5887: 5885: 5881: 5877: 5876: 5871: 5861: 5856: 5852: 5851:Seven readers 5848: 5844: 5830: 5825: 5824: 5820: 5816: 5812: 5811: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5801: 5797: 5793: 5789: 5785: 5781: 5776: 5774: 5773:Ibn al-Jazari 5769: 5763: 5761: 5757: 5753: 5749: 5745: 5744: 5737: 5725: 5721: 5717: 5712: 5699: 5692: 5687: 5680: 5675: 5671: 5670:André du Ryer 5666: 5665: 5656: 5651: 5647: 5640: 5635: 5628: 5623: 5622: 5621: 5619: 5618:Moga district 5615: 5611: 5606: 5604: 5603: 5598: 5594: 5590: 5586: 5582: 5578: 5574: 5570: 5566: 5562: 5561:Andre du Ryer 5557: 5556: 5550: 5546: 5542: 5541: 5536: 5532: 5528: 5526: 5525: 5520: 5516: 5515: 5510: 5506: 5502: 5498: 5494: 5490: 5485: 5483: 5479: 5475: 5471: 5467: 5463: 5462: 5457: 5453: 5449: 5445: 5441: 5437: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5416: 5414: 5409: 5405: 5401: 5397: 5390: 5386: 5382: 5378: 5377: 5372: 5368: 5364: 5359: 5353: 5343: 5341: 5337: 5336:hermeneutical 5327: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5311: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5291: 5290:Al-Suhrawardi 5287: 5283: 5278: 5273: 5263: 5261: 5257: 5252: 5246: 5244: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5224: 5219: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5203: 5199: 5194: 5192: 5191: 5185: 5180: 5176: 5175: 5170: 5166: 5165: 5160: 5159: 5153: 5148: 5147: 5141: 5139: 5135: 5131: 5124: 5120: 5118: 5114: 5110: 5106: 5102: 5098: 5094: 5088: 5084: 5074: 5072: 5068: 5064: 5060: 5056: 5052: 5048: 5044: 5037: 5033: 5029: 5025: 5021: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5007: 5003: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4987: 4986: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4969: 4965: 4961: 4957: 4953: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4937: 4931: 4928: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4908: 4903: 4896: 4892: 4888: 4874: 4868: 4863: 4860: 4853: 4848: 4844: 4840: 4833: 4828: 4824: 4820: 4813: 4808: 4801: 4796: 4792: 4791: 4786: 4782: 4775: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4758: 4751: 4746: 4742: 4738: 4732: 4727: 4726: 4725: 4723: 4719: 4715: 4711: 4707: 4703: 4693: 4690: 4685: 4684: 4678: 4673: 4672:jurisprudence 4669: 4665: 4660: 4658: 4654: 4649: 4638: 4637: 4632: 4630: 4626: 4625: 4621: 4611: 4608: 4595: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4571: 4570: 4565: 4563: 4559: 4558: 4554: 4538: 4535: 4516: 4515: 4509: 4491: 4486: 4482: 4480: 4476: 4472: 4466: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4447: 4443: 4439: 4435: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4415: 4411: 4407: 4403: 4399: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4386:angel Gabriel 4383: 4378: 4376: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4356: 4354: 4351: 4347: 4344: 4340: 4335: 4328: 4323: 4321: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4305: 4301: 4295: 4293: 4289: 4279: 4268: 4263: 4261: 4256: 4254: 4249: 4248: 4246: 4245: 4240: 4230: 4229: 4228: 4227: 4220: 4217: 4216: 4211: 4210:Military laws 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4196: 4193: 4192: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4171: 4170: 4169: 4166: 4164: 4161: 4159: 4156: 4154: 4151: 4150: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4131: 4130: 4129: 4126: 4123: 4121: 4118: 4117: 4114: 4109: 4108: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4084: 4081: 4080: 4079: 4076: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4068:Proselytizing 4066: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3979: 3978: 3977: 3976:Denominations 3974: 3970: 3967: 3966: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3926: 3923: 3919: 3914: 3913: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3882: 3879: 3878: 3874: 3872: 3871: 3867: 3865: 3864: 3860: 3859: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3848: 3847: 3844: 3839: 3838: 3831: 3829: 3825: 3823: 3821: 3817: 3816: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3805: 3801: 3799: 3797: 3793: 3791: 3789: 3785: 3784: 3780: 3779: 3774: 3773: 3768: 3767: 3763: 3761: 3760: 3756: 3755: 3749: 3746: 3744: 3741: 3740: 3736: 3735: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3714: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3702: 3699: 3694: 3693: 3686: 3683: 3682: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3670: 3667: 3664: 3662: 3659: 3658: 3655: 3651: 3648: 3647: 3644: 3639: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3629: 3626: 3623: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3613: 3605: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3590: 3588: 3584: 3580: 3575: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3521: 3515: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3444: 3443: 3436: 3432: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3412:اَلْإِعْجَازُ 3409: 3404: 3399: 3393: 3389: 3382:Inimitability 3379: 3376: 3370: 3365: 3364: 3358: 3353: 3349: 3344: 3342: 3338: 3337:Michael Sells 3332: 3330: 3324: 3322: 3318: 3311: 3307: 3302: 3293: 3291: 3290: 3284: 3278: 3273: 3272: 3266: 3265:rubʻ al-ahzab 3260: 3254: 3249: 3248: 3242: 3236: 3231: 3230: 3224: 3222: 3221:Bilal Philips 3218: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3201: 3196: 3195: 3190: 3189: 3184: 3183: 3178: 3177: 3171: 3160: 3159: 3154: 3149: 3141: 3137: 3136: 3130: 3128: 3124: 3119: 3114: 3101: 3100: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3078: 3074: 3069: 3065: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3042: 3037: 3036: 3029: 3025: 3015: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2992: 2990: 2989: 2984: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2918: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2883: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2861: 2857: 2854: 2853:pseudoscience 2850: 2846: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2831: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2816: 2813: 2809: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2787:According to 2784: 2774: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2751: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2720: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2689:Gog and Magog 2686: 2681: 2678: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2648: 2644: 2642: 2638: 2635:of the human 2634: 2630: 2624: 2614: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2591: 2590: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2563: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2511: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2471: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2453: 2448: 2447: 2442: 2434: 2430: 2425: 2421: 2419: 2415: 2414:good and evil 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2365:Al Mutakabbir 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2323: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2276: 2270: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2238: 2231: 2230: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2207: 2203: 2202:strong sunnah 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2166: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2131: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2101: 2099: 2091: 2087: 2086: 2080: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2061: 2051: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2030: 2025: 2021: 2018: 2012: 2006: 2000: 1994: 1988: 1983: 1978: 1976: 1975:seven heavens 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1953: 1949: 1939: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1892:Gog and Magog 1889: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1868: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1758: 1748: 1746: 1742: 1732: 1728: 1727:Hijazi script 1724: 1720: 1715: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1699: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1674: 1670: 1665: 1661: 1659: 1658:critical text 1653: 1651: 1646: 1640: 1638: 1634: 1627: 1622: 1618: 1613: 1609: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1589: 1585: 1575: 1573: 1572:Ubay ibn Ka'b 1569: 1564: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1529: 1524: 1520: 1515: 1510: 1506: 1500: 1496: 1491: 1487: 1484: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1452: 1450: 1439: 1435: 1430: 1418: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1375: 1373: 1368: 1362: 1357: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1327:Dhu al-Hijjah 1323: 1320: 1315: 1311: 1300: 1295: 1289: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1274: 1273: 1267: 1262: 1261: 1252: 1248: 1243: 1239: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1199: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1179:relates that 1178: 1172:Prophetic era 1168: 1164: 1154: 1151: 1150: 1143: 1137: 1131: 1125: 1119: 1113: 1107: 1101: 1098: 1097: 1090: 1089: 1082: 1081: 1074: 1073: 1066: 1061: 1056: 1055: 1048: 1047: 1040: 1034: 1029: 1024: 1022: 1018: 1013: 1008: 1003: 1000: 993: 981: 976: 962: 957: 953: 951: 945: 940: 922: 917: 915: 910: 908: 903: 902: 900: 899: 894: 891: 889: 886: 885: 884: 883: 876: 873: 871: 868: 866: 863: 861: 858: 857: 849: 848: 841: 838: 836: 833: 832: 824: 823: 814: 811: 810: 808: 804: 803: 800: 797: 796: 793: 790: 788: 785: 783: 780: 778: 775: 774: 770: 764: 763: 754: 751: 749: 746: 745: 744: 741: 740: 736: 730: 729: 722: 719: 717: 714: 713: 710: 707: 705: 702: 701: 698: 695: 693: 690: 689: 685: 679: 678: 671: 668: 666: 663: 661: 658: 657: 654: 651: 649: 646: 644: 641: 640: 637: 634: 632: 629: 627: 626:No compulsion 624: 622: 619: 618: 610: 609: 602: 601: 597: 595: 592: 590: 587: 586: 581: 578: 576: 573: 571: 568: 567: 566: 563: 562: 554: 553: 546: 543: 541: 538: 536: 533: 531: 528: 527: 523: 522: 519: 516: 515: 510: 507: 505: 502: 501: 500: 497: 496: 492: 486: 485: 482: 479: 478: 475: 473: 468: 467: 460: 459: 453: 448: 447: 441: 437: 433: 428: 426: 421: 416: 412: 408: 403: 401: 397: 386: 375: 371: 367: 363: 359: 354: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 324: 320: 317: 313: 310: 305: 303: 299: 295: 291: 289: 288: 280: 279: 275: 269: 268: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 235: 226: 222: 213: 210: 206: 203: 191: 188: 184: 181: 180: 173: 167: 166: 161: 157: 154: 153: 146: 142: 138: 134: 130: 127: 124: 120: 117: 114: 110: 105: 94: 90: 89:Hijazi script 86: 82: 76: 71: 67: 61: 49: 45: 40: 37: 33: 19: 21366: 21358: 21344: 21330: 21294:Roman Missal 21285: 21254:Early modern 21218: 21213:(Sanamahism) 21158:(Gnosticism) 21147: 21126:Deuterocanon 21093: 21089:Tao Te Ching 21087: 20916:Islamophobia 20781:Christianity 20729: 20662:Contemporary 20556:Architecture 20495: 20461: 20449: 20437: 20395: 20388: 20354: 20336: 20331:Nikah mut'ah 20329: 20322: 20315: 20308: 20301: 20294: 20258: 20246: 20239: 20232: 20225: 20205: 20198: 20191: 20184: 20097: 19820: 19800: 19744: 19726: 19719: 19663: 19656: 19649: 19642: 19635: 19628:Five Pillars 19605: 19571: 19560:God in Islam 19537: 19486: 19470: 19462: 19456: 19450: 19415: 19405: 19393: 19383: 19357:In Paradise 19347: 19337: 19327: 19317: 19311: 19301: 19285: 19282:(Plant stem) 19279: 19273: 19267: 19261: 19256:Plant matter 19243: 19237: 19229: 19223: 19217: 19211: 19120: 19091: 19087: 19055: 19019:Umm al-Kitāb 19017: 19004: 18991:Ṣuḥuf-i-Mūsā 18989: 18976: 18968: 18961: 18959: 18946: 18903: 18899:Ghadir Khumm 18883:('The Dawn') 18877: 18871: 18858: 18852: 18843: 18834: 18828: 18825:('The Noon') 18819: 18808: 18802: 18794: 18788: 18782: 18776: 18768: 18762: 18756: 18750: 18744: 18734: 18713: 18704: 18654:Days of Hajj 18642: 18639:(The Friday) 18633: 18585: 18543: 18530: 18498:Paradise of 18485:Jordan River 18480:Dār an-Nadwa 18479: 18461: 18423: 18418:Cave of Hira 18410: 18405: 18395: 18342:Masjid Qubāʾ 18341: 18323: 18313: 18305: 18291: 18279: 18271: 18245:Qaryat Yūnus 18244: 18234: 18224: 18184: 18174: 18160: 18151:Sinai Region 18133:Dam of Sheba 18128: 18116: 18101: 18091: 18082: 18067: 18049: 18027: 18015: 18007: 17977: 17972: 17962: 17945: 17932: 17919: 17837: 17815: 17806:Ahl al-Kitāb 17805: 17783: 17779:Zoroastrians 17775: 17770:disbelievers 17763: 17756: 17714:Banu Qurayza 17709:Banu Qaynuqa 17698:Ahl as-Suffa 17697: 17611: 17594: 17566: 17535: 17518: 17503:Sons of Adam 17458: 17434: 17426: 17417: 17391: 17385:Banī Isrāʾīl 17383: 17376: 17341: 17304: 17287: 17272: 17259: 17204:Luqman's son 17051: 17015: 17008: 16998: 16902:Luqman's son 16873:Martyred son 16765:Dhūl-Qarnain 16715: 16705: 16669:Perseverance 16661: 16639:ibn Ya‘qūb ( 16629:Ṣāḥib al-Ḥūt 16628: 16617:('He of the 16614: 16527:Dhabih Ullah 16383: 16378: 16372: 16353: 16341: 16323: 16311: 16303: 16296: 16289: 16278: 16257:Malakul-Mawt 16255: 16230: 16224: 16216: 16201: 16172: 16153: 16130: 16109: 16097: 16087: 16077: 16067: 16048: 16039: 16030: 16020: 16016:) of Solomon 16007: 15996: 15984: 15975: 15966: 15935: 15882: 15749: 15730: 15705: 15685: 15662: 15658:McAuliffe JD 15642: 15630: 15607: 15584: 15560: 15537: 15508: 15489: 15470: 15450: 15427: 15392: 15373: 15351: 15332: 15310: 15291: 15272: 15236: 15210: 15206: 15189: 15145: 15120: 15091: 15085: 15070:. Retrieved 15066: 15039: 15010: 15006: 14986: 14965: 14942: 14928:(1): 15–32. 14925: 14921: 14890: 14877:24 September 14875:. Retrieved 14859: 14837: 14804:(1): 67–70. 14801: 14797: 14778: 14754: 14730: 14710: 14680: 14667: 14658: 14643: 14633: 14614: 14608: 14596: 14587: 14575: 14555: 14551:Rawandi, Ibn 14545: 14531: 14525: 14506: 14496: 14484:. Retrieved 14480: 14471: 14459:. Retrieved 14452: 14443: 14431: 14412: 14406: 14387: 14381: 14362: 14352: 14343: 14337: 14332:, p. 67 14321: 14301: 14291: 14279:. Retrieved 14275: 14266: 14254:. Retrieved 14250: 14241: 14229:. Retrieved 14225:the original 14220: 14211: 14194: 14188: 14176:. Retrieved 14172:the original 14167: 14158: 14146: 14137: 14128: 14116:. Retrieved 14094: 14084: 14065: 14029: 14022: 14002: 13992: 13972: 13947:Total Fatwas 13946: 13939: 13913: 13909: 13903: 13889:(2): 71–89. 13886: 13882: 13876: 13864:. Retrieved 13860:the original 13844: 13834: 13815: 13809: 13795:(2): 73–87. 13792: 13788: 13785:Ten Readings 13778: 13759: 13753: 13727: 13708: 13702: 13694:the original 13689: 13680: 13672:the original 13657: 13647: 13635:. Retrieved 13631:the original 13627:islam21c.com 13626: 13616: 13608:the original 13603: 13593: 13581:. Retrieved 13577: 13567: 13556:, pp. 71–81; 13532: 13511: 13498: 13486:. Retrieved 13482:the original 13475: 13465: 13453:. Retrieved 13449:the original 13444: 13435: 13410: 13402: 13393: 13384: 13375: 13367:the original 13362: 13353: 13342: 13334: 13326:the original 13316: 13304:. Retrieved 13284: 13267: 13254: 13234: 13207:. Retrieved 13201: 13188: 13176:. Retrieved 13171: 13167: 13157: 13140: 13136: 13132: 13104: 13098: 13090:the original 13085: 13076: 13064:. Retrieved 13060:the original 13055: 13025:. Retrieved 13021:the original 13016: 13003: 12986: 12982: 12978: 12972: 12953: 12947: 12928: 12907:. Retrieved 12903:the original 12898: 12885: 12873:. Retrieved 12851: 12841: 12808: 12798: 12770:. Retrieved 12760: 12741: 12732: 12723: 12711:. Retrieved 12697: 12685:. Retrieved 12665: 12658: 12649: 12643: 12631: 12619:. Retrieved 12615: 12605: 12597:the original 12592: 12583: 12575:the original 12565: 12556: 12535: 12529: 12520: 12511: 12502: 12493: 12485: 12477: 12465:. Retrieved 12445: 12437: 12432: 12418: 12413:, p. 30 12406: 12386: 12379: 12359: 12352: 12337: 12332: 12320:. Retrieved 12316: 12306: 12294:. Retrieved 12290: 12280: 12268:. Retrieved 12246: 12242: 12232: 12220:. Retrieved 12216: 12206: 12187: 12181: 12169:. Retrieved 12154: 12147: 12137: 12131: 12121: 12120:Ibn Warraq, 12115: 12106: 12100: 12090: 12069: 12060: 12050: 12019: 12006: 11996: 11991: 11979:. Retrieved 11974: 11964: 11952:. Retrieved 11948:the original 11943: 11933: 11924: 11912: 11903: 11899: 11893: 11884: 11875: 11863:. Retrieved 11848: 11836:. Retrieved 11815: 11783:. Retrieved 11768: 11760: 11742: 11726:masterpiece. 11724: 11710: 11704: 11682: 11668: 11662: 11650: 11649:Denis Gril, 11645: 11635: 11630: 11616:(2): 23–53. 11613: 11609: 11594:Islam (1990) 11593: 11586: 11582: 11580:Henry Stubbe 11575: 11567: 11559: 11551: 11542: 11514: 11507: 11498: 11479: 11473: 11461: 11436: 11432: 11423: 11414: 11408: 11398:30 September 11396:. Retrieved 11392:the original 11387: 11377: 11369: 11365: 11353:. Retrieved 11349: 11339: 11320: 11306: 11288: 11275: 11264:the original 11255: 11248: 11236:. Retrieved 11232: 11223: 11204: 11195: 11168: 11129: 11117: 11110: 11105: 11081: 11073: 11050: 11044: 11035: 11023:. Retrieved 11019: 11009: 10997: 10985:. Retrieved 10980: 10971: 10963: 10954: 10942:. Retrieved 10938: 10933:Pharyngula. 10923: 10915: 10910: 10883:. Retrieved 10879:the original 10873: 10866: 10841: 10837: 10831: 10826:, p. 29 10819: 10814:, p. 30 10790:. Retrieved 10786: 10757:. Retrieved 10747: 10729: 10717:. 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In fact, 6486: 6480: 6469: 6456: 6409: 6355:Baháʼí Faith 6352: 6340: 6336:Manichaeaism 6309: 6276: 6249: 6234: 6183:movable type 6180: 6174: 6152: 6135: 6119: 6102:"Blue" Quran 6083: 6078: 6068: 6061: 6057: 6051: 6047: 6041: 6035: 6029: 6023: 6016: 6011: 6005: 5999: 5973: 5966: 5930: 5896: 5888: 5880:assimilation 5873: 5866: 5821: 5808: 5777: 5764: 5741: 5739: 5607: 5600: 5596: 5592: 5569:Richard Bell 5538: 5529: 5522: 5512: 5486: 5459: 5417: 5400:its language 5393: 5375: 5346:Translations 5333: 5319:ruh al-Bayan 5307: 5269: 5247: 5227: 5212: 5207: 5195: 5188: 5172: 5162: 5156: 5144: 5142: 5138:prophetology 5126: 5122: 5109:Henry Corbin 5090: 5067:Risale-i Nur 5040: 5002:Israʼiliyyat 4983: 4932: 4898: 4872: 4788: 4714:mosque lamps 4710:illumination 4702:Islamic arts 4699: 4681: 4661: 4644: 4634: 4613: 4597: 4587: 4577: 4567: 4540: 4518: 4468: 4384:through the 4379: 4357: 4330: 4325: 4296: 4284: 4185:Islamophobia 3964:Demographics 3959:Circumcision 3875: 3868: 3861: 3827: 3819: 3803: 3795: 3787: 3776: 3770: 3764: 3758: 3757: 3591: 3564: 3560: 3516: 3461: 3395: 3361: 3345: 3333: 3325: 3314: 3287: 3269: 3256:), and each 3245: 3227: 3225: 3198: 3193: 3187: 3181: 3175: 3156: 3133: 3131: 3112: 3097: 3082: 3049: 3039: 3033: 3031: 2993: 2986: 2978:Ali A. Rizvi 2969: 2919: 2898: 2880: 2878: 2847: 2843:natural laws 2835:Rodney Stark 2828: 2819: 2811: 2804: 2786: 2752: 2743: 2721: 2709:metaphorical 2682: 2673: 2664:Adam and Eve 2641:resurrection 2626: 2579:Israʼiliyyat 2564: 2512: 2468: 2450: 2444: 2438: 2412:determining 2378: 2377: 2329: 2258: 2235: 2234: 2227: 2208:every year. 2167: 2154: 2128: 2102: 2083: 2063: 2036:unity of God 2033: 1979: 1958:cosmological 1955: 1948:God in Islam 1900:King Solomon 1888:Dhul-Qarnayn 1882:(parents of 1869: 1815: 1809: 1767:resurrection 1760: 1716: 1711:Gerd R. Puin 1678: 1655: 1642: 1639:states that: 1631: 1591: 1565: 1545:Ibn Babawayh 1503: 1468:North Africa 1453: 1449:Michael Cook 1395: 1339: 1324: 1290: 1270: 1256: 1251:Sura Al-Alaq 1238:revelation. 1196: 1189:Cave of Hira 1175: 1112:umm al-kitāb 1102: 1025: 1004: 935: 893:Islam portal 782:Hermeneutics 735:Translations 598: 480: 429: 404: 355: 314:through the 306: 283: 265: 241: 237: 233: 231: 198: 186: 176: 171: 163: 149: 36: 21349:(Thelemite) 21341:(Ahmadiyya) 21321:(Mormonism) 21207:(Hinduism) 20786:Catholicism 20681:Other areas 20672:Theological 20667:Eschatology 20624:Mathematics 20561:Calligraphy 20491:Theological 20445:Inheritance 20362:Cleanliness 19734:Shi'a Imams 19728:Ahl al-Bayt 19332:Pomegranate 19232:(The Earth) 19125:golden calf 18698:Pilgrimages 18431:Hudaybiyyah 18346:Quba Mosque 18300:Prostration 18251:,' that is 18212:Mesopotamia 18201:Mount Tabor 18197:Mount Sinai 18179:Mount Sinai 18129:ʿArim Sabaʾ 17867:Polytheists 17617:Household') 17612:Ahl al-Bayt 17569:(People of 17567:Qawm Tubbaʿ 17513:Wife of Lut 17508:Wife of Nuh 17359:or families 17357:ethnicities 17078:Moses' wife 16561:ibn Dāwūd ( 16343:ash-Shayṭān 16235:Holy Spirit 16061:Non-related 15784:Manuscripts 15170:Bearman, P. 14673:Kadi, Wadad 14326:Watson 1968 14195:The Library 14178:16 February 13732:Rippin 2006 13583:9 September 13554:Tamara Sonn 13477:The Tribune 13455:21 November 13209:21 November 13194:Aslan, Reza 13178:17 December 13066:16 February 13027:16 February 12989:(1): 1–21. 12909:16 February 12875:29 December 12792:Corbin 1993 12687:18 December 12411:Corbin 1993 12249:(2): 411+. 12171:28 February 12089:Guillaume, 12012:Corbin 1993 11998:Denver Post 11906:(1): 31–47. 11865:21 February 11838:21 February 11785:21 February 11522:. pp. 11433:Social Text 10739:Hoax Slayer 10224:22 December 10139:quranix.org 9538:Peters 2003 8874:Tamara Sonn 8674:Peters 1991 8610:Tamara Sonn 8596:Rippin 2006 8566:16 February 8199:(1): 1–26. 7518:16 February 7480:"Alcoran". 7148:the lecture 7109:ٱلۡقُرۡءَان 6687:Book portal 6376:Diatessaron 6368:Bahá'u'lláh 6284:in 1834 in 5903:Ibn Mujāhid 5884:alternation 5796:Maria Ulfah 5788:Abdul Basit 5780:El Minshawy 5608:The oldest 5565:George Sale 5563:. 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Whether 2312:apocalypse 2178:As-Saaffat 2168:In Islam, 2066:revelation 1982:monotheism 1918:, such as 1737: 570 1635:professor 1568:Ibn Mas'ud 1541:Shia Imams 1424: 655 1306: 923 1278:soothsayer 1211:companions 1042:('book'), 1007:liturgical 875:Shi’a view 792:Abrogation 600:Muqatta'at 370:companions 258:revelation 209:Wikisource 207:at Arabic 135:610–632 CE 21381:Catechism 21377:(Raelian) 21360:Dianetics 21325:Ofudesaki 21164:(Judaism) 21102:Tripiṭaka 21078:(Jainism) 21056:Antiquity 20963:Symbolism 20921:Incidents 20899:Criticism 20791:Mormonism 20688:Astrology 20614:Cosmology 20609:Astronomy 20551:Arabesque 20418:Etiquette 20377:Blasphemy 20167:Economics 19982:Ahmadiyya 19924:Muhakkima 19871:Wahhabism 19861:Mu'tazili 19846:Ash'arism 19420:Date palm 19410:Palm tree 19398:Lote-tree 19374:or plants 19318:Qith-thāʾ 19246:(The Sun) 19244:Ash-Shams 19205:Celestial 19098:False god 19034:or beings 19032:of people 19014:of David) 18956:of Jesus) 18789:Al-Bukrah 18552:in Sheba) 18330:of Mecca) 18287:Monastery 18265:locations 18263:Religious 18220:Al-Jūdiyy 17913:Mentioned 17907:Locations 17820:Christian 17800:Believers 17785:Munāfiqūn 17748:Religious 17686:mentioned 17599:Stoneland 17475:Muhajirun 17253:Mentioned 17155:Abū Lahab 17150:As-Sāmirī 17140:(Goliath) 17106:Evil ones 17020:Zulaykhah 16976:People of 16863:Good ones 16663:Ulul-ʿAzm 16651:Zechariah 16647:Zakariyyā 16467:Dhūl-Kifl 16420:Mentioned 16266:(Michael) 16155:Zabāniyah 16132:Malāʾikah 16104:Honey bee 15836:Quran.com 15807:Quran Pdf 15741:1465-3591 15605:(2007) . 15424:Al-Tabari 15331:(2009) . 15108:162433825 15027:162374182 14889:(1993) . 14818:159835641 14758:. Brill. 14714:. Brill. 14151:Krek 1979 14062:"Matba'a" 13488:26 August 13339:An-Nawawi 13306:22 August 12833:143088125 12825:1556-5068 12265:0591-2385 11690:cite book 11355:15 August 11002:Cook 2000 10944:10 August 10929:prescient 10844:(1): 92. 10824:Cook 2000 10812:Cook 2000 10647:0591-2385 10366:152126508 10358:2051-557X 10277:Dost 2023 10144:14 August 9904:25 August 9736:7 January 9696:17 August 9387:. BRILL. 9365:Cook 2013 9327:. Brill. 9279:3 October 9103:164120434 9083:Der Islam 8788:1567-2808 8659:Cook 2000 8612:, pp. 5–6 8581:Cook 2000 8506:Cook 2000 8475:2232-0474 8459:(2): 62. 8377:15 August 8352:15 August 8322:15 August 8295:15 August 8236:15 August 8213:1465-3591 7809:Nasr 2007 7767:31 August 7533:"Koran". 7419:Citations 7191:al-Qur'an 7143: or 7117:al-Qurʾān 7096:ٱلْقُرْآن 6601:Zechariah 6513:Apocrypha 6501:Christian 6446:The Bible 6300:Criticism 6250:In 1786, 6063:Nastaʻlīq 5461:al-Fatiha 5432:Heraclius 5428:Byzantine 5424:Abyssinia 5379:) during 5272:al-Sulami 5179:allusions 5006:apocrypha 4911:allusions 4819:Samarkand 4668:mysticism 4580:Al-Ikhlāṣ 4490:al-Fatiha 4471:Al-Fatiha 4402:Quranists 4353:al-Ma'mun 4327:disaster. 4173:terrorism 4125:Criticism 4078:Sexuality 4048:Mysticism 4018:Festivals 3998:Education 3993:Economics 3929:Academics 3885:Caliphate 3698:Practices 3533:eloquence 3525:Mu'tazila 3366:), news ( 3113:Bismillah 3099:Bismillah 3093:migration 3077:the Bible 3071:Belqeys, 2983:Aristotle 2948:, modern 2867:in 1969. 2865:Apollo 10 2736:At-Takwir 2517:and tax ( 2492:Quranists 2361:afterlife 2353:Al Baqara 2198:mandatory 2135:archetype 2127:smasher, 1924:the Flood 1717:In 2015, 1497:, Iran − 1458:and into 1402:Musaylima 1299:al-Tabari 1183:received 1106:al-furqān 1012:al-qur'ān 999:qur'ānahu 954:) of the 936:The word 860:Criticism 840:Inerrancy 753:Ahmadiyya 558:Divisions 187:Full text 66:al-Qurʾān 60:romanized 53:ٱلْقُرْآن 21355:(Wiccan) 21335:(Baha'i) 21227:(Shinto) 21197:Medieval 21168:Theogony 21098:(Taoist) 21095:Zhuangzi 21001:Category 20894:Islamism 20877:Muhammad 20833:Apostasy 20808:Hinduism 20698:Feminism 20629:Medicine 20469:Military 20423:Gambling 20372:Apostasy 20367:Criminal 20279:Marriage 20248:Tayammum 20200:Murabaha 20073:Madrasas 20063:Holidays 20053:Clothing 20048:Children 20043:Calendar 19994:Quranism 19928:Khawarij 19900:Alawites 19851:Atharism 19745:Rashidun 19584:In Islam 19579:Muhammad 19408:(Tender 19388:Tamarisk 19322:Cucumber 19240:(Stars) 19218:Al-Qamar 19183:Al-ʿUzzā 19030:Objects 18844:Qabl al- 18795:Aṣ-Ṣabāḥ 18658:Doomsday 18586:al-Aḥzāb 18276:(Church) 18009:Al-Aḥqāf 17947:Jahannam 17940:Paradise 17547:Bedouins 17342:Qawm Lūṭ 17184:Abu Bakr 17014:Wife of 17003:Potiphar 16986:Binyāmin 16706:Al-Masīḥ 16678:Muḥammad 16615:Dhūn-Nūn 16559:Sulaymān 16497:(Elijah) 16409:Prophets 16325:Shayāṭīn 16283:(Genies) 16111:Qaswarah 16092:Wild ass 16070:(Female 16068:ʿAnkabūt 15991:elephant 15774:Archived 15682:Leaman O 15641:(1977). 15583:(2003). 15536:(2003). 15469:(1991). 15188:(eds.). 15142:(1988). 15063:"Qurʾān" 15061:(2007). 15037:(2003). 14963:(2012). 14856:(2000). 14836:(eds.). 14752:(2016). 14641:(2010). 14486:6 August 14454:BBC News 14299:(2005). 13842:(2003). 13343:Al-Majmu 13297:Archived 12772:2 August 12707:Archived 12681:Archived 12621:26 April 12519:(2001). 12484:(2015), 12458:Archived 12296:15 April 12270:15 April 12217:Atlantic 12136:Patton, 11954:15 March 11859:Archived 11829:Archived 11779:Archived 11651:Miracles 11317:Rippin A 11313:Language 11203:(1991). 10987:9 August 10962:. 2002. 10885:8 August 10858:25728019 10792:11 April 10652:15 April 10527:Archived 10411:Rippin A 10302:Burton, 9730:Archived 9122:Atlantic 8493:Koran.nl 7956:(1997). 7203:Qur'anic 7179:al-Coran 6659:See also 6641:Sibawayh 6474:and the 6461:— 6390:and the 6320:talmudic 6163:Printing 6154:Muhaqqaq 6136:Maghribi 6071:tashkeel 6053:Maghribī 6046:script. 6031:muhaqqaq 5974:tashkeel 5964:region. 5923:Damascus 5829:mujawwad 5823:Mujawwad 5815:Murattal 5760:phonemes 5748:elisions 5720:Damascus 5646:Ilkhanid 5610:Gurmukhi 5501:Khorasan 5497:Mansur I 5482:Pakistan 5452:European 5430:Emperor 5408:semantic 5371:lecterns 5309:Mathnawi 5223:Sura 108 5198:Qushayri 5117:Muhammad 4936:Abu Bakr 4779:Typical 4722:muraqqas 4607:‎ 4584:Muhammad 4534:‎ 4508:mujawwad 4453:exegesis 4438:esoteric 4434:salafist 4382:Muhammad 4304:ablution 4219:Glossary 4195:Jihadism 4168:Violence 4163:Islamism 4134:Muhammad 4120:Apostasy 4063:Politics 4013:Feminism 4008:Exorcism 3969:Diaspora 3954:Children 3949:Calendar 3877:Rashidun 3855:Muhammad 3850:Timeline 3811:Mathnawi 3673:Prophets 3617:a series 3615:Part of 3549:mubālaġa 3541:istiʿāra 3448:Muhammad 3428:Muhammad 3321:thematic 3317:phonetic 3274:(plural 3250:(plural 3232:(plural 3205:exegesis 3056:, 3,382 2988:Ayr-veda 2985:and the 2942:genetics 2763:jahannam 2748:Al-Qalam 2387:jihadist 2383:Islamist 2302:, as in 2224:the Nile 2190:metaphor 2109:Muhammad 2085:nubuwwah 2054:Prophets 1970:universe 1920:Creation 1906:, about 1853:jahannam 1833:Hellenic 1821:Rabbinic 1780:allusive 1771:prophets 1765:and the 1751:Contents 1731:Muhammad 1709:scholar 1691:contain 1598:apostasy 1561:Umayyads 1406:Abu Bakr 1352:dialects 1282:magician 1247:Muhammad 1223:literate 1181:Muhammad 1142:al-kitāb 1028:synonyms 888:Category 870:Quranism 769:Exegesis 653:Parables 648:Miracles 621:Prophets 472:exegesis 411:Biblical 374:Abu Bakr 312:Muhammad 256:to be a 140:Chapters 122:Language 112:Religion 93:Muhammad 21239:(Islam) 21221:(Islam) 21205:Puranas 21180:Enneads 20948:Nursing 20909:Qutbism 20823:Sikhism 20818:Judaism 20813:Jainism 20803:Druzism 20639:Physics 20586:Pottery 20571:Gardens 20566:Carpets 20481:Slavery 20403:Divorce 20390:Dhabiĥa 20218:Hygiene 20193:Takaful 20175:Banking 20105:Science 20099:Qurbani 20068:Mosques 20028:Animals 20017:Culture 19951:Nukkari 19946:Azzabas 19933:Azariqa 19917:Zaydism 19905:Alevism 19781:Ottoman 19771:Almohad 19766:Fatimid 19761:Córdoba 19756:Abbasid 19751:Umayyad 19684:Leaders 19679:History 19637:Shahada 19552:Beliefs 19473:(Drink) 19459:(River) 19444:Liquids 19276:(Shoot) 19264:(Onion) 19224:Kawākib 19212:Maṣābīḥ 19157:Yaghūth 18893:Implied 18853:Al-Aṣīl 18803:Al-Layl 18687:Ramaḍān 18636:Jumuʿah 18500:Shaddad 18392:Arabia 18386:Antakya 18381:Antioch 18374:Implied 18318:Al-Aqsa 18253:Nineveh 18239:Babylon 18084:Ḥaraman 18054:(Hegra) 18051:Al-Ḥijr 18041:ʿArafāt 18035:Yathrib 18030:Madīnah 17860:Sabians 17796:Muslims 17765:Kāfirūn 17733:Khazraj 17584:Quraysh 17355:Tribes, 17277:Sabbath 17221:Shaddad 17194:Barṣīṣā 17127:Pharaoh 17123:Firʿawn 16820:Ṣamūʾīl 16807:Implied 16738:Abraham 16710:Messiah 16563:Solomon 16549:Shuʿayb 16521:Ishmael 16517:Ismāʿīl 16481:(Eber?) 16475:(Aaron) 16437:Al-Yasa 16374:Ghilmān 16250:Raphael 16246:Isrāfīl 16009:hud-hud 15959:Related 15952:Animals 14702:Sources 14679:(ed.). 14505:(ed.). 14361:(ed.). 14281:3 April 14256:3 April 13866:19 July 13690:iqna.ir 13578:IlmGate 13233:(ed.), 12713:21 July 12322:10 July 12222:8 April 12126:: p.105 12059:(ed.). 11574:(1974) 11287:(ed.), 11167:(ed.). 10719:23 July 10502:atheism 10494:Sufyani 10250:12 July 9487:(ed.). 9222:27 July 9179:28 July 9153:22 July 9056:Arabica 9012:(ed.). 8975:1596266 8432:(ed.). 7627:"Koran" 7594:"Quran" 7560:"Koran" 7199:Quranic 7195:Koranic 7163:Alcoran 7132: 7111:‎ 7098:‎ 6767:Qira'at 6577:Solomon 6549:Ishmael 6541:Abraham 6517:Midrash 6476:Gospels 6458:wrong˺. 6312:heretic 6286:Leipzig 6222:Hamburg 6206:Ottoman 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