42:
914:. Because the third midrash contains much of the material of the lost Yelammedenu, the two works were often confounded. Some authorities believed that it was this version as opposed to the Yelammedenu which had been lost. Others erroneously considered this midrash identical with the Yelammedenu, thinking the work had a double title; and the first editions of this version appeared, therefore, under the title "Midrash Tanḥuma, Called Also the Yelammedenu."
941:. Ezra indicated the added matter by marking it with open hands, but in the following editions these marks were omitted, so that it is no longer possible to distinguish between original contents and material added by revisers. Ezra of Fano further added to his edition an index of all halakhic decisions, as well as of the legends and parables contained in this midrash; this index has been retained in all later editions.
1872:
1034:; but several of them are abbreviated and not entirely completed, this curtailment being apologized for in the words "Much more might be said on this subject, but we shall not tire you", or "This passage has been elucidated by several other interpretations and expositions, but in order not to tire you we quote only that which is necessary for today's theme".
1018:), its explanation, and a homily on the particular passage of the Pentateuch referred to. Several of the homilies on the first, third, and fourth books of the Pentateuch begin with brief halakhic dissertations bearing on the passages to which the homilies refer. The halakhic treatises consist of a question introduced with the words
996:" One amora interpreted the words in a complimentary sense while the other held that the people looked after Moses and made unfavorable remarks about him. The favorable interpretation is given in the Talmud; the adverse opinion is referred to with the words "ki de-ita" (”as it is said”). Inasmuch as the adverse view is given in the
1169:
Some of the aphorisms and proverbs may be cited here: "One may not give an honest man an opportunity to steal, much less a thief". "The office seeks those that would escape it". "If you yield not to wickedness, it will not follow you nor dwell by you". "Do the wicked no good, in order that thou reap
833:
because (i) all manuscripts are
European (ii) the presence of many Greek and Latin words which were typical in use of language in Italy (iii) an unlikelihood of stemming from northern Italy due to its misunderstanding of the geography of that region. On the other hand, Palestinian roots of the text
817:
prior to the
Islamic conquests, made use of the two extant and one lost Tanhuma, and his findings suggest that a significant portion of the Tanhuma material can be dated as pre-Islamic. More recently, Marc Bregman posited that the shared material between the printed and Buber recensions originates
953:, who gathered the material from several manuscripts. Buber claimed that this collection, consisting of homilies on and aggadic interpretations of the weekly sections of the Torah, was the oldest of the three, perhaps even the oldest compilation of its kind arranged as a running commentary on the
1141:
or the baraita, and not from the
Babylonian Talmud; indeed, many of the decisions given are in opposition to those of the latter work. The aggadic contents of the midrash are also very extensive and varied; it contains, too, simple explanations of scriptural passages; several refutations of
1644:
Wecker, Alan J., Vered Raziel-Kretzmer, Benjamin
Kiessling, Daniel Stökl Ben Ezra, Moshe Lavee, Tsvi Kuflik, Dror Elovits, Moshe Schorr, Uri Schor, and Pawel Jablonski. “Tikkoun Sofrim: Making Ancient Manuscripts Digitally Accessible: The Case of Midrash Tanhuma.”
1335:
Concerning the date of the completion of this text, we may assume from the inclusion of She'iltot passages and the references to heretics (i.e., the
Karaites) that the earliest manuscript of this text was completed in the late eighth or the ninth
882:
are original, although they contain several revised passages from the standard version as well as from the
Yelammedenu, the Babylonian Talmud being largely drawn upon for additional interpretations and expositions. The part referring to
724:
is not the author of the text but instead is a figure to whom traditions are frequently attributed to (indicated by the formula "Thus began R. Tanḥuma" or "Thus preached R. Tanḥuma"), though he may have preserved a collection of
1136:
sayings. In addition to its 61 introductions to homilies, which contain halakhic questions and answers, there are several halakhic rules and decisions quoted throughout the work. These halakhic passages were taken from the
1225:, know it under the name "Tanhuma". This confusion may be because the standard version included a significant portion of this text into it. Several rabbinic authorities have also referred to it by the name "Aruk".
965:. Buber cites a passage in the Babylonian Talmud that seems to indicate that the redactor of that work had referred to the Midrash Tanḥuma. Other scholars disagree, however, and do not see the Buber recension of
854:
The first
English translation of the Buber recension of the Tanhuma was published by John Townsend in 1989. Then, in 1996, Samuel Berman published an English translation of the standard printed edition.
937:. This edition contains several additions, consisting of single sentences as well as of entire paragraphs, which Ezra ben Isaac selected from two of the original manuscripts and also from the
1205:
also and the older rabbinical authorities made use of it, and cited halakhic as well as aggadic sentences from it. The first to refer to this midrash by the name of "Tanḥuma", however, was
740:
The earliest manuscript may be from the late 8th or 9th century. The most significant publication on the text so far was an edited volume of studies by
Nikolsky and Atzmon from 2022.
818:
from the sixth or seventh century in
Palestine (which is also where Buber placed its location of origins). The Buber recension then originates from northern Italy in the time of the
1022:"May our teacher instruct us", and of a reply beginning with the phrase "Kak shanu rabbotenu" (Thus have our teachers instructed us); the replies are always taken from either a
863:
Tikkun-Sofrim, a system that integrates automatic handwritten text recognition with manual, crowdsourced error correction has been used to digitize several manuscripts of the
1014:
The homilies contained in
Midrash Tanḥuma B begin with the words "As the Scriptures say" or sometimes "As it is written." Then follow a verse (in most cases taken from the
826:, although the collection was still completed prior to any impact of Islamic influence on Palestinian society, as Islamic influences are entirely absent from the text.
802:
and many favored a 10th-century date. However, no extensive research had then been done on the dating and provenance of the text, and so conclusions remain tentative.
764:
in 1885 based on the manuscript MS Oxford Neubauer 154 for the base text as well as four other Oxford manuscripts. One study collects the following list of recensions:
907:
the redactor of this midrash has made extensive use of the material that he found in the standard version, which he has revised and supplied with numerous additions.
1978:
Midrash Tanhuma-Yelammedenu: An English Translation of Genesis and Exodus from the Printed Version of Tanhuma-Yelammedenu with an Introduction, Notes, and Indexes
1622:
Midrash Tanhuma-Yelammedenu: an English translation of Genesis and Exodus from the printed version of Tanhuma-Yelammedenu with an introduction, notes, and indexes
1331:
Midrash Tanhuma-Yelammedenu: An English Translation of Genesis and Exodus from the Printed Version of Tanhuma-Yelammedenu With an Introduction, Notes, and Indexes
1115:
672:
878:. It is considered by many to be an amended edition of the Buber recension as well as a third now-lost version of Tanhuma. Its homilies on
272:
748:
There are many different recensions of Midrash Tanhuma, although the main ones are the standard printed edition, first published in
874:
The standard published edition was known as the "Yelammedenu" from the opening words of the halakhic introductions to the homilies—
1209:, who mentions it in several passages of his commentary, and quotes from it. Most of Rashi's quotations are taken from Tanḥuma B.
1986:
1629:
1604:
1559:
1522:
1486:
1451:
1424:
1399:
1357:
1308:
1263:
809:
by R. Ahai of Shabba and so dates at least to the 9th century. On the other hand, Tzvi Meir Rabbinowitz has concluded that
2063:
969:
as being older than the other versions. Townsend cites a section from Buber's recension which appears to be a quote from
169:
1951:
1108:
665:
267:
262:
1481:. Contributions to biblical exegesis and theology (in English and German). Leuven: Peeters. pp. 188–189.
461:
2013:"Midrash Tanḥuma : ha-qadum ṿe-ha yashan meyuḥas le-Rabi Tanḥuma be-Rabi Abā ʻal Ḥamishah ḥumshe Torah"
2004:"Midrash Tanḥuma : ha-qadum ṿe-ha yashan meyuḥas le-Rabi Tanḥuma be-Rabi Abā ʻal Ḥamishah ḥumshe Torah"
1101:
658:
1376:
Midrash Tanḥuma : ha-ḳadum ṿe-ha yashan meyuḥas le-Rabi Tanḥuma be-Rabi Abā ʻal Ḥamishah ḥumshe Torah
17:
2053:
1443:
The Golden Calf between Bible and Qur'an: scripture, polemic, and exegesis from late antiquity to Islam
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164:
1244:""Rabbi Tanhuma Said": A Code Phrase for introducing Quotations from Tanhuma-Yelammedenu Literature"
1885:
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1243:
961:. Buber postulated that this midrash was edited in the fifth century, before the completion of the
486:
395:
1890:
925:
in 1545. The third edition, which served as a basis for all the later editions, was published at
895:
sections, which contain homilies not embodied in the lost work. For the portions to the books of
357:
257:
1166:; several narratives and parables; and numerous aphorisms, moral sayings, and popular proverbs.
834:
are reflected by its use of Palestinian rabbinic traditions, including its familiarity with the
823:
698:
574:
1217:
This version is lost and largely known through later quotations. Only a few authorities, like
1030:. Many of the homilies close with words of hope and encouragement regarding the future of the
302:
1446:. Oxford Studies in the Abrahamic Religions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 313.
456:
377:
8:
934:
822:
between 559 and 774. Finally, the formation of the printed edition is dated to after the
372:
362:
352:
297:
33:
1146:; explanations of the differences between "ḳere" and "ketib" and between words written "
1826:
1761:
1007:
in the Talmud have reference to the former work, or that the reference originally read
814:
382:
367:
332:
1540:"A Bibliographical Survey of Tanhuma- Yelammedenu Research: Past, Present, and Future"
2012:
2003:
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410:
252:
1374:
1802:
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1379:. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Library. Ṿilna : Rom.
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The Tanhuma-Yelammedenu Literature: Studies in the Evolution of the Versions
1496:
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is borrowed almost entirely from the Yelammedenu, with the exception of the
2020:
1955:
1904:
1289:"Let Our Rabbi Teach Us: An Introduction to Tanhuma-Yelammedenu Literature"
975:
806:
638:
415:
1913:'s Introduction (Mebo) to his edition of the Midrash Tanḥuma, Wilna, 1885;
904:
405:
214:
1875: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1352:. The Brill reference library of Judaism. Leiden Boston (Mass.): Brill.
1931:
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differed in their interpretations of the words "and they looked after
1919:
1174:
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957:, and he identified several passages which he saw as being quoted by
949:
Tanhuma Buber, also called Tanhuma B, is the collection published by
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726:
805:
Townsend believed the Buber recension relies on the mid-8th century
1860:
1839:
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819:
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Previously, it was thought that the Tanhuma may be as late as the
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1023:
1015:
999:
984:
892:
835:
713:
617:
327:
234:
94:
81:
76:
67:
720:, and it is known in several different versions or collections.
1814:
1202:
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922:
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113:
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717:
560:
209:
189:
1031:
1394:. Edinburgh, Scotland: T&T Clark. pp. 303–304.
1212:
1173:
This Tanḥuma midrash has been referred to in many other
1390:
Strack, Hermann Leberecht; Stemberger, Günter (1991).
737:, which initiates a typical textual unit in the text.
703:
1898:
780:Deuteronomy Rabbah in the standard printed edition
921:in 1522, and was reprinted without emendation at
829:Some other scholars favor an origins in southern
2045:
1389:
771:Midrash Tanhuma, Buber Recension, published 1885
760:in 1563), and the Buber recension, published by
869:
768:Midrash Tanhuma in the standard printed edition
1940:, Sefer ha-Liḳḳuṭim, iv.-vi., Jerusalem, 1900.
1347:
1286:
1544:Studies in the Tanhuma-Yelammedenu Literature
1350:Studies in the Tanhuma-Yelammedenu literature
1293:Studies in the Tanhuma-Yelammedenu Literature
1287:Atzmon, Arnon; Nikolsky, Ronit (2021-11-03),
1248:Studies in the Tanhuma-Yelammedenu Literature
1109:
910:The first authority to cite this midrash was
666:
1934:, Ḳadmut ha-Tanḥuma, in Bet Talmud, v. 7-23;
1478:The use of sacred books in the ancient world
917:The standard edition was first published at
1880:
1647:Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage
1116:
1102:
673:
659:
944:
273:Baraita on the Erection of the Tabernacle
1594:
1512:
1414:
1201:, which all quote passages from it. The
789:Over one hundred miscellaneous fragments
729:used by other midrash editors. The name
1579:
1537:
1474:
1439:
1348:Nikolsky, Ronit; Atzmon, Arnon (2022).
1241:
14:
2046:
1974:
1619:
1392:Introduction to the Talmud and Midrash
1328:
793:
27:Different collections of Torah aggadot
2010:
2001:
1508:
1506:
1475:Rutgers, Leonard Victor, ed. (1998).
1372:
1213:Lost version attributed to R. Tanhuma
783:Deuteronomy Rabbah, Lieberman edition
1282:
1280:
1916:Theodor, in Monatsschrift, 1885–86;
1851:See Buber, l.c. pp. 44 et seq.
1517:. Hoboken, NJ: Ktav. pp. xii.
712:, is the name given to a homiletic
693:
170:Mekhilta of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai
24:
1707:ed. Townsend, Midrash Tanchuma, 12
1584:. Gorgias Press. pp. 176–183.
1503:
1419:. Hoboken, NJ: Ktav. pp. xi.
1011:("as it is said in the Tanḥuma").
25:
2075:
1954:. 13 October 2007. Archived from
1944:
1884:; et al., eds. (1901–1906).
1277:
1158:"); interpretations according to
858:
1899:Jewish Encyclopedia bibliography
1894:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
1870:
1624:. Hoboken, NJ: KTAV Publishing.
1003:, it is probable that the words
752:in 1520/1522 (and then again in
40:
1854:
1845:
1832:
1820:
1808:
1796:
1784:
1767:
1755:
1743:
1734:
1722:
1710:
1701:
1689:
1665:
1652:
1638:
1620:Berman, Samuel A., ed. (1995).
1613:
1595:Townsend, John T., ed. (1989).
1588:
1573:
1531:
1513:Townsend, John T., ed. (1989).
1415:Townsend, John T., ed. (1989).
929:in 1563 by Meïr ben Abraham of
849:
733:derives from the Hebrew phrase
268:Baraita on the Thirty-two Rules
263:Baraita of the Forty-nine Rules
1964:"The Midrash: Midrash Tanhuma"
1922:, Ag. Pal. Amor. iii. 500–514;
1468:
1433:
1408:
1383:
1366:
1341:
1322:
1235:
13:
1:
1228:
992:, until he was gone into the
786:Various Pesiqta-type material
743:
462:Iggeret of Rabbi Sherira Gaon
1538:Bregman, Marc (2021-11-03),
1440:Pregill, Michael E. (2020).
1242:Vachman, Gila (2021-11-03),
870:Standard edition/Yelammedenu
7:
1250:, Brill, pp. 119–127,
1177:, as, for example, all the
1037:
982:This passage says that two
704:
635:Targum to the Five Megillot
10:
2080:
2064:Hebrew-language literature
1842:, l.c. pp. 37 et seq.
1662:, l.c. pp. 44 et seq.
1189:, and in the midrashim to
1132:, Tanḥuma A contains many
1907:, G. V. pp. 226–238;
1552:10.1163/9789004469198_003
1301:10.1163/9789004469198_002
1256:10.1163/9789004469198_007
1223:Zedekiah ben Abraham Anaw
1170:not that which is evil".
221:Mekhilta le-Sefer Devarim
165:Mekhilta of Rabbi Ishmael
2033:"Midrash Tanchuma Buber"
1863:, l.c. pp. 44a, 50a
1649:15, no. 2 (2022): 1–20.
1128:Although essentially an
2011:Buber, Salomon (1885).
2002:Buber, Salomon (1885).
1891:The Jewish Encyclopedia
1373:Buber, Salomon (1885).
1329:Berman, Samuel (1996).
777:Numbers Rabbah, Part II
358:Pirkei De-Rabbi Eliezer
258:Alphabet of Rabbi Akiva
215:Sifrei Zutta on Numbers
202:Numbers and Deuteronomy
1740:ed. Buber, p. 65a
1678:s.v. "Tanḥuma"; comp.
1580:Bregman, Marc (2003).
945:Buber recension (TanB)
774:Exodus Rabbah, Part II
575:Targum Pseudo-Jonathan
1975:Berman, S.A. (1996).
1781:, pp. 15 et seq.
1599:. Hoboken, NJ: Ktav.
1546:, Brill, p. 25,
1183:Pesiḳta de-Rab Kahana
1154:") and defectively ("
303:Pesikta de-Rav Kahana
190:Sifra (Torat Kohanim)
1295:, Brill, p. 1,
1009:ki de-ita be-Tanḥuma
694:מִדְרָשׁ תַּנְחוּמָא
644:Targum to Chronicles
457:Shir ha-Shirim Zutta
378:Shir HaShirim Rabbah
2015:. Ṿilna : Rom.
2006:. Ṿilna : Rom.
1981:. KTAV Publishing.
1020:Yelammedenu rabbenu
935:Ezra ben Isaac Fano
876:Yelammedenu rabbenu
794:Date and provenance
735:yelammedenu rabbenu
373:Ecclesiastes Rabbah
363:Tanna Devei Eliyahu
353:Avot de-Rabbi Natan
298:Lamentations Rabbah
58:Talmudic literature
34:Rabbinic literature
2021:"Midrash Tanchuma"
1886:"TANḤUMA, MIDRASH"
1333:. pp. 11–12.
813:, who operated in
383:Deuteronomy Rabbah
368:Alphabet of Sirach
333:Megillat Antiochus
2054:Aggadic Midrashim
1988:978-0-88125-400-6
1631:978-0-88125-400-6
1606:978-0-88125-087-9
1561:978-90-04-46919-8
1524:978-0-88125-087-9
1488:978-90-429-0696-9
1453:978-0-19-885242-1
1426:978-0-88125-087-9
1401:978-0-567-09509-1
1359:978-90-04-46918-1
1310:978-90-04-46919-8
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1219:Hai ben Sherira
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1187:Pesikta Rabbati
1130:aggadic midrash
1122:
1045:Rabbinical eras
1040:
979:(8th century).
947:
872:
861:
852:
796:
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686:Midrash Tanhuma
679:
626:Targum Tehillim
605:Targum Jonathan
579:Fragment Targum
527:Midrash HaGadol
447:Midrash Hashkem
391:Pesikta Rabbati
235:Aggadic Midrash
134:Minor Tractates
53:
28:
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15:
12:
11:
5:
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1992:. Retrieved
1977:
1967:
1956:the original
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1779:Introduction
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1703:
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1575:
1565:, retrieved
1543:
1533:
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1416:
1410:
1391:
1385:
1375:
1368:
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1334:
1330:
1324:
1314:, retrieved
1292:
1269:, retrieved
1247:
1237:
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1172:
1168:
1155:
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1127:
1019:
1013:
1008:
1004:
997:
983:
981:
974:
966:
948:
938:
916:
909:
875:
873:
864:
862:
853:
850:Translations
842:but not the
828:
804:
797:
756:in 1545 and
747:
739:
734:
730:
709:
685:
684:
639:Targum Sheni
632:Targum Iyyov
474:1000–1200 CE
416:Targum Sheni
46:
905:Deuteronomy
731:Yelammedenu
710:Yelammedenu
438:Eichah Zuta
428:900–1000 CE
406:Ruth Rabbah
2048:Categories
1994:2023-08-26
1938:L. Grünhut
1932:A. Epstein
1926:Weiss, Dor
1791:Vayishlach
1567:2024-03-14
1462:1125025885
1316:2024-03-14
1271:2024-03-14
1229:References
994:tabernacle
955:Pentateuch
744:Recensions
522:Ein Yaakov
345:650–900 CE
285:400–600 CE
1920:W. Bacher
1175:midrashim
1160:noṭariḳon
1090:Acharonim
1005:ki de-ita
976:She'iltot
897:Leviticus
815:Palestine
727:midrashim
699:romanized
641:to Esther
435:Ruth Zuta
245:Tannaitic
182:Leviticus
68:Tannaitic
1861:S. Buber
1840:S. Buber
1838:Compare
1775:S. Buber
1773:Compare
1676:Ma'arik,
1660:S. Buber
1658:Compare
1497:40581638
1336:century.
1195:Proverbs
1164:gematria
1144:heretics
1134:halakhic
1085:Rishonim
1073:Savoraim
1038:Contents
998:Tanḥuma
889:Vayakhel
838:and the
820:Lombards
807:Sheʾilot
1879::
1803:Vayikra
1139:Mishnah
1068:Amoraim
1063:Tannaim
1028:baraita
1024:mishnah
1016:Ketuvim
985:amoraim
967:Tanhuma
901:Numbers
893:Pekudei
880:Genesis
836:Mishnah
714:midrash
701::
618:Ketuvim
596:Nevi'im
328:Tanhuma
95:Amoraic
82:Tosefta
77:Mishnah
18:Tanḥuma
1985:
1827:Ḥuḳḳat
1817:11 20b
1815:Tazria
1793:12 85b
1764:16 57a
1762:Ḥuḳḳat
1752:26 27b
1729:Exodus
1698:, 1885
1680:Azulai
1628:
1603:
1558:
1521:
1495:
1485:
1460:
1450:
1423:
1398:
1356:
1307:
1262:
1203:Geonim
1199:Psalms
1197:, and
1080:Geonim
1053:Chazal
1000:Pequḏe
939:Yalquṭ
927:Mantua
923:Venice
903:, and
885:Exodus
811:Yannai
758:Mantua
754:Venice
690:Hebrew
550:Targum
157:Exodus
99:Gemara
2059:Torah
1829:1 50a
1750:Noaḥ.
1696:Wilna
1674:, in
1207:Rashi
1156:ḥaser
1148:plene
1058:Zugot
1026:or a
990:Moses
931:Padua
912:Rashi
831:Italy
718:Torah
561:Torah
499:Later
210:Sifre
126:Later
1983:ISBN
1905:Zunz
1805:4 2b
1731:33:8
1717:Ḳid.
1626:ISBN
1601:ISBN
1556:ISBN
1519:ISBN
1493:OCLC
1483:ISBN
1458:OCLC
1448:ISBN
1421:ISBN
1396:ISBN
1354:ISBN
1305:ISBN
1260:ISBN
1221:and
1162:and
1152:male
1150:" ("
1032:Jews
933:and
891:and
1719:33b
1686:ii.
1548:doi
1297:doi
1252:doi
973:'s
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1966:.
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2039:.
2027:.
1997:.
1970:.
1634:.
1609:.
1550::
1527:.
1499:.
1464:.
1429:.
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1362:.
1299::
1254::
1117:e
1110:t
1103:v
688:(
674:e
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219:(
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20:)
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