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562:, dedicates their Tuesday issue on a Silver Taps day to sharing stories of who the deceased students were. Around 10:15 that night, the lights are extinguished and hymns chime from Albritton Tower. Students silently gather at the statue of Lawrence Sullivan Ross. At 10:30 p.m., the Ross Volunteer Firing Squad marches into the plaza and fires three rifle volleys totaling 21 shots fired. Six buglers then play a special rendition of Silver Taps by Colonel Richard Dunn (Aggie Band Director, 1924–1946). Taps is played three times from the dome of the Academic Building: once to the North, South, and West. It is not played to the East because the sun will never rise on that Aggie again. After the buglers play, the students silently return to their homes. Students return to their dorms, and lights remain extinguished until
308:, died. He was, Tidball recalled later, "a most excellent man". Tidball wished to bury him with full military honors, but, for military reasons, he was refused permission to fire seven rifles three times (‘three volley’ or ‘twenty-one gun’ salute) over the grave. Tidball later wrote, "The thought suggested itself to me to sound taps instead, which I did. The idea was taken up by others, until in a short time it was adopted by the entire army and is now looked upon as the most appropriate and touching part of a military funeral." As Tidball proudly proclaimed, "Battery A has the honor of having introduced this custom into the service, and it is worthy of historical note."
331:. Taps concludes about 15 military funerals conducted with honors each weekday at Arlington National Cemetery (run by the U.S. Army), at nearly 200 other National Cemeteries (run by the Department of Veterans Affairs) around the country, and at Cemeteries overseas run by the American Battle Monuments Commission. The tune is also sounded at memorial services in the Amphitheater and at gravesites. Taps is sounded every evening at 23:00 (11:00pm) at the Tomb of the Unknowns, as well as during the 2,500 military wreath ceremonies conducted there every year. The ceremonies are viewed by many groups, including veterans, schools, and foreign officials.
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584:, dated October 1999, Appendix A, Official and Ceremonial Music, Appendix A, Section 1—Ceremonial Music, Paragraph A-35 "A-35. Signals that unauthorized lights are to be extinguished. This is the last call of the day. The call is also sounded at the completion of a military funeral ceremony. Taps is to be performed by a single bugler only. Performance of 'Silver Taps' or 'Echo Taps' is not consistent with Army traditions, and is an improper use of bugler assets."
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246:, meaning "close the (beer) taps (and send the troops back to camp)". An alternative explanation, however, is that it carried over from a term already in use before the American Civil War. Three single, slow drum beats were struck after the sounding of the Tattoo or "Extinguish Lights". This signal was known as the "Drum Taps", "The Taps", or simply as "Taps" in soldiers' slang.
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attention and present arms. The regimental bugler stands either near the flagpole in front of
Jackman Hall or on Jackman's balcony and plays the main tune of "Taps". The echoing bugler will stand on the steps of Dewey Hall facing the Parade Ground and echo each series of notes. Following the sounding of "Taps", the Corps of Cadets dismisses in silence.
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president of A&M College. Silver Taps is currently held in the
Academic Plaza. On the day of Silver Taps, a small card with the deceased student's name, class, major, and date of birth is placed as a notice at the base of the academic flagpole, in addition to the memorial located behind the flagpole. The A&M student newspaper,
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groups around the world sing the first verse of "Taps" ("Day is done ...") at the close of a camp or campfire. Scouts in encampment may also have the unit's bugler sound taps once the rest of the unit has turned in, to signify that the day's activities have concluded and that silence is expected
537:
At
Norwich University, the ceremony is held on the Upper Parade Ground, where the Corps of Cadets forms up silently at 2145 (9:45 p.m.) for tattoo, and then stands in silence until 2200 (10:00 p.m.) when "Echo Taps" is sounded, at which time unit commanders tacitly will give the commands of
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The final bugle call of the day on military installations, Taps is played at military bases as a signal to service members that it is quiet time or “lights out”. The time varies between branches and individual bases: either 21:00, 22:00, or 23:00 (9, 10, or 11pm). When Taps is played, it is customary
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At New Mexico
Military Institute, "Echo Taps" (otherwise known as "Silver Taps") is played by three trumpets on a night designated by the alumni association. This ceremony is held in the Hagerman Barracks to remember all the alumni who had died of normal causes or were killed in action that year.
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While not necessarily addressing the origin of "Taps", this does represent the first recorded instance of "Taps" being sounded as part of a military funeral. Until then, while the tune had meant that the soldiers' day of work was finished, it had little to none of the connotation or overtone of
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who, at the time of their death, was enrolled in undergraduate or graduate studies. This final tribute is held the first
Tuesday of the month when a student has died the previous month. The first Silver Taps was held in 1898 and honored Lawrence Sullivan Ross, the former governor of Texas and
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That Daniel
Butterfield composed "Taps" has been sworn to by numerous reputable witnesses including his bugler Norton, who first performed the tune. While scholars continue to debate whether or not the tune was original or based on an earlier melody, few researchers doubt that Butterfield is
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Army
Regulation 600–25, Salutes, Honors, and Visits of Courtesy, dated September 2004, Glossary, Section two states the following: "Taps The traditional 'lights out' musical composition played at military funerals and memorials. The official version of 'Taps' is played by a single bugle. In
471:, a Union artillery captain who during a break in fighting ordered the tune sounded for a deceased soldier in lieu of the more traditional—and much less discreet—three volley tribute. Army Col. James A. Moss, in an Officer's Manual initially published in 1911, reports the following:
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Army
Regulation 220–90, Army Bands dated December 2007, Paragraph 2-5h(1) states the following: "'Echo Taps' or 'Silver Taps', the practice of performing 'Taps' with multiple buglers, is not authorized. 'Echo Taps' is not a part of Army tradition and improperly uses bugler assets."
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This ceremony also includes the lighting and extinguishing of a candle for every alumni of the year. One bugler is posted at the north, south, and west side of the barracks and the candles at the east. After this early "Taps", complete silence marks the rest of the night.
394:"Taps" is a bugle call—a signal, not a song. As such, there is no associated lyric. Many bugle calls had words associated with them as a mnemonic device but these are not lyrics. Horace Lorenzo Trim is often credited for a set of words intended to accompany the music:
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in July 1862, and wrote it to replace the customary firing of three rifle volleys at the end of burials during battle. Butterfield's version in July 1862 replaced a previous French bugle call used to signal "lights out". Butterfield's bugler, Oliver Wilcox Norton, of
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Although primarily used within the military, several local or special variations of the tune are performed, primarily by organizations such as the Girl Scouts of the USA or
American military schools. It is also played all over the world in remembrance of the dead.
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Another lesser-known legend is that of
Lieutenant William Waid paying saloon-keepers to shut off the taps to the kegs when the song was played in a neighboring army camp. Lt. Waid's name has not been found in Union or Confederate records.
346:. The ceremonies are viewed by many people, including veterans, school groups, and foreign officials. Taps also is sounded nightly in military installations at non-deployed locations to indicate that it is "lights out", and often by
456:. This apocryphal story claims that Ellicombe found the tune in the pocket of his son's clothing and performed it to honor his memory, but there is no record of any man named Robert Ellicombe holding a commission as captain in the
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During the Peninsula Campaign in 1862, a soldier of Tidball's Battery A of the 2nd Artillery was buried at a time when the battery occupied an advanced position concealed in the woods. It was not safe to fire the customary
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At Texas A&M, Echo Taps is held on the Corps of Cadets Quad at 10:30 p.m. For the ceremony, the Corps falls out and both students and cadets gather to form around the Quad. A bugler is posted at the
1048:
John C. Tidball, "Second U.S. Artillery", November 21, 1890, Papers re Second U.S. Artillery, M 727, entry 64, Records of the Office of the Adjutant General, RG, NA, 14–15. See also Tidball, Eugene C.,
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over the grave, on account of the proximity of the enemy, and it occurred to Capt. Tidball that the sounding of Taps would be the most appropriate ceremony that could be substituted.
550:, the bugler on the north end echoes, the bugler on the south end plays the next three notes and is echoed for the rest of the song. Cadets and students then return to their dorms.
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infantry officer, whose name often is given as Captain Robert Ellicombe, first ordered "Taps" performed at the funeral of his son, a Confederate soldier killed during the
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to represent both the cadet's branch of service and their college. Silver Taps ceremonies may use such an arrangement, or some other version for two or more instruments.
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to salute, if in uniform, or place your hand over your heart if not — it is a moment to reflect and honor those who gave their lives while serving.
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on the south end and another is at the arches on the north end. Cadets salute and the bugler on the south end plays the first three notes of
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and elsewhere. The tune is also sounded at memorial services in Arlington's Memorial Amphitheater and at grave sites throughout the
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By far, one of Texas A&M's most honored traditions is Silver Taps. Silver Taps is the student body's final tribute paid to an
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Another, perhaps more historically verifiable, account of "Taps" first being used in the context of a military funeral involves
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Several later lyrical adaptations have been created. Girl Guides in the UK usually sing "from the sea" not "from the lake".
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Ceremonial Music site has recordings of two bugle versions and one band version). It is also performed often at
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sounded to signal "lights out" at the end of a military day, and during patriotic memorial ceremonies and
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accordance with AR 220–90, 'Echo or Silver Taps', which is performed by two buglers, is not authorized."
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Echo Taps or Silver Taps is a tradition in which "Taps" is played at U.S. military schools—such as
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MU1 Bill Dunn, a bugler from the U.S. Navy Band, plays "Taps" during a graveside service in
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Taps is sounded during each of the military wreath ceremonies conducted at the
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concerning the origin of "Taps". The most widely circulated one states that a
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recipient. Butterfield commanded the 3d Brigade, 1st Division, V Army Corps,
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The melody of "Taps" is composed entirely from the written notes of the
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Bugle call, played during military funerals or patriotic ceremonies
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It became a standard component to U.S. military funerals in 1891.
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816:""The History of Taps," Air National Guard Family Guide, p. 40"
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The tune is a variation of an earlier bugle call known as the "
196:. The official military version is played by a single bugle or
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1324:. State Guard Association of the United States. Archived from
1064:"Taps vs. Last Post: Mournful bugle calls carry deep meanings"
952:
Booth, Russell H. (December 1977). "Butterfield and 'Taps'".
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meetings and camps. The tune is also sometimes known as "
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The song (but in the key of G) was used for closedown on
1005:'The 83rd Pennsylvania Volunteers in the Civil War' p. 8
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to mark the end of an evening event such as a campfire.
240:". "Taps" is sometimes said to originate from the Dutch
1053:, Kent, Kent State University Press, 2002, pp. 250–251.
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No Disgrace to my Country: The Life of John C. Tidball
415: 'Neath the sun, 'neath the stars, neath the sky;
1026:. United States Department of Defense. Archived from
1183:"The story behind the military song "taps"-Fiction!"
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485:death, with which it so often is associated today.
401: From the lake, from the hills, from the sky;
1212:from Precision Measurement Equipment Laboratories
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422: Time has fled, Scouts must go to their beds
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431: To thy hands we our souls, Lord, commend.
424: Always true to the promise that they made.
1160:. BreakTheChain.org. 2003-04-18. Archived from
410: From afar, drawing nigh, falls the night.
408: And a star gems the sky, gleaming bright.
429: And the stars gleaming rays softly send,
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29:The examples and perspective in this article
1402:. this week in the civil war. Archived from
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403: All is well, safely rest, God is nigh.
236:"Taps" is derived from the same source as "
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417: As we go, this we know, God is nigh.
95:
228:". The duration may vary to some extent.
67:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1363:. 44th Tennessee Consolidated Infantry.
1285:. 44th Tennessee Consolidated Infantry.
1256:"Another Version of the Origin of 'Taps
342:every year, including the ones held on
224:", or by the first line of the lyric, "
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1322:"One Version of the Origin of 'Taps'"
1303:"One Version of the Origin of 'Taps'"
1137:"The Story of 'Taps'—Netlore Archive"
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651:" ("Silence"), the Italian equivalent
1644:Student culture in the United States
1139:. Urbanlegends.about.com. 1999-03-26
888:U.S. Department of Veterans' Affairs
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735:", the bugle call sounded at sunrise
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258:Brigadier General Daniel Butterfield
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1262:, p. 2 - Retrieved 2022-09-12.
1251:, p. 40, Retrieved 2022-09-12.
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582:Field Manual 12–50, U.S. Army Bands
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1400:"What is the true origin of Taps?"
464:responsible for the current tune.
323:that are conducted with honors at
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862:"24 Notes That Tap Deep Emotions"
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427:While the light fades from sight,
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644:equivalent for military funerals
413:Thanks and praise, for our days,
171:Problems playing this file? See
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1639:Songs of the American Civil War
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291:East Springfield, Pennsylvania
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1351:. Taps Bugler. Archived from
1343:. Taps Bugler. 6 August 2018.
754:"Reveille, Retreat, and Taps"
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516:New Mexico Military Institute
406:Fading light, dims the sight,
1371:. Army Study Guide. p.
1206:. 2005-02-20. Archived from
970:. West-point.org. 1969-07-04
286:Harrison's Landing, Virginia
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1349:"Image of Taps sheet music"
1267:"Image of Taps sheet music"
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636:" ("I had a comrade"), the
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340:Tomb of the Unknown Soldier
325:Arlington National Cemetery
142:Taps (in the key of B flat)
103:Arlington National Cemetery
43:, discuss the issue on the
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1361:"The Progression of Taps'"
1283:"The Progression of Taps'"
968:"Detailed History of Taps"
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420:Sun has set, shadows come,
399:Day is done, gone the sun,
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194:United States Armed Forces
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1092:"Lyrics or Words to Taps"
634:Ich hatt' einen Kameraden
502:Echo Taps and Silver Taps
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1619:American patriotic songs
761:Defense Logistics Agency
512:Texas A&M University
1158:"The Origin of "Taps"?"
1024:Military Funeral Honors
699:", The Dutch equivalent
691:Commonwealth of Nations
667:" ("Prayer call"), the
162:United States Army Band
928:"Why the Name "Taps"?"
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156:Taps as played on the
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1245:"The History of Taps"
1116:"Tapping the Admiral"
823:www.nationalguard.mil
676:La sonnerie aux morts
610:Girl Guides of Canada
493:Non-military variants
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90:by Daniel Butterfield
1629:Funerary bugle calls
1593:Mexican Armed Forces
1398:Villanueva, Jari A.
1185:. Truthorfiction.com
1030:on 14 September 2019
1018:Villanueva, Jari A.
890:(The Story of Taps).
860:Villanueva, Jari A.
619:in the 1960s before
377:of the instrument's
49:create a new article
41:improve this article
31:may not represent a
1341:"History of "Taps""
680:French Armed Forces
621:the national anthem
458:Army of the Potomac
282:Army of the Potomac
160:by a member of the
1254:Shenkle, Kathryn,
1243:Shenkle, Kathryn,
926:Villanueva, Jari.
814:Shenkle, Kathryn.
566:the next morning.
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454:Peninsula Campaign
444:There are several
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274:Daniel Butterfield
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1369:"Taps audio file"
1260:The Story of Taps
1223:"Taps Bugle Call"
1118:. 28 October 2008
1020:"History of Taps"
956:. pp. 35–39.
362:Melody and lyrics
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271:Brigadier General
202:U.S. Marine Corps
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1295:U.S. Navy Band
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