Botswana - Knowledge

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and 5% for males. Botswana is one of 21 priority countries identified by the UN AIDS group in 2011 in the Global Plan to eliminate new HIV infections among children and to keep their mothers alive. From 2009 to 2013, the country saw a decrease of over 50% in new HIV infections in children. Less than 10% of pregnant HIV-infected women were not receiving antiretroviral medications in 2013, with a large, corresponding decrease (over 50%) in the number of new HIV infections in children under five. Among the UN Global Plan countries, people living with HIV in Botswana have the highest percentage receiving antiretroviral treatment: about 75% for adults (age 15+) and about 98% for children.

1550: 2713: 140: 10546: 1573: 2301: 4164: 3961:) consists of thousands of dishes and antennas spread over large distances linked together to form one giant telescope. Additional dishes will be located in eight other African countries, Botswana among them. Botswana was selected to participate because of its ideal location in the southern hemisphere and environment, which could enable easier data collection from the universe. The Botswana government has built the SKA precursor telescope at Kgale View, which is the African Very Long Base Line Interferometry Network (AVN). It sent students on astronomy scholarships. 1395: 2586: 1446: 4024: 12443: 2703: 3828: 3365: 2454: 10945: 76: 11354: 2218: 2154: 150: 3643: 1252: 14266: 1113: 2046: 653: 62: 2210: 13551: 12658: 3513: 2443: 10846: 4038: 3502: 12670: 3965: 2371: 1160:

top of the hill with his helpers or assistants. These states, located outside of current Botswana's borders, appear to have kept massive herds of cattle—apparently at numbers approaching modern cattle density—in what is now the Central District. This massive cattle-raising complex prospered until around 1300 and seems to have regressed following the collapse of Mapungubwe. During this era, the first Tswana-speaking groups, the

1223: 3875: 10836: 2756: 678: 630: 611: 578: 559: 3905:(R&D) from 0.26% of GDP in 2012 to over 2% of GDP by 2016. This target can only be reached within the specified time frame by raising public spending on R&D. Botswana counts one of the highest researcher densities in sub-Saharan Africa: 344 per million inhabitants (in head counts), compared to an average of 91 per million inhabitants for the subcontinent in 2013. Botswana was ranked 85th in the 1049: 1790:

in the community to draw indigenous people in, which in turn increases their opportunities to earn an income, thus decreasing poverty. The UNDP also stated that the government has to effectively implement policies to allow people to manage their own local resources and the programme is giving the government information to help with policy development.

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Langhammer, P.; Laurance, W. F.; Lieberman, S.; Linkie, M.; Malhi, Y.; Maxwell, S.; Mendez, M.; Mittermeier, R.; Murray, N. J.; Possingham, H.; Radachowsky, J.; Saatchi, S.; Samper, C.; Silverman, J.; Shapiro, A.; Strassburg, B.; Stevens, T.; Stokes, E.; Taylor, R.; Tear, T.; Tizard, R.; Venter, O.; Visconti, P.; Wang, S.; Watson, J. E. M. (2020).

1278:, Bangwaketse, Bangwato and Batawana cooperated to control the lucrative ivory trade and used the proceeds to import horses and guns, which in turn enabled them to establish control over what is now Botswana. This process was largely complete by 1880, and the Batswana subjugated thus the Bushmen, Kalanga, Bakgalagadi and other current minorities. 4012:

to GISAID are among the highest in the African region on a per capita basis, on a par with its well-resourced neighbour South Africa. Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership (BHP) was built in 2003, two years after the umbrella organisation opened the BHHRL, its purpose-built HIV research lab which was one of the first on the continent.

1426:)—were not included, but provision was made for their later incorporation. However, the UK began to consult with their inhabitants as to their wishes. Although successive South African governments sought to have the territories transferred to their jurisdiction, the UK kept delaying; consequently, it never occurred. The election of the 6575:

Grantham, H. S.; Duncan, A.; Evans, T. D.; Jones, K. R.; Beyer, H. L.; Schuster, R.; Walston, J.; Ray, J. C.; Robinson, J. G.; Callow, M.; Clements, T.; Costa, H. M.; DeGemmis, A.; Elsen, P. R.; Ervin, J.; Franco, P.; Goldman, E.; Goetz, S.; Hansen, A.; Hofsvang, E.; Jantz, P.; Jupiter, S.; Kang, A.;

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Omicron variant, subsequently designated B.1.1.529, and then named "Omicron," becoming the first country in the world to discover the variant. Since early 2021, they have genome-sequenced some 2,300 positive SARS-CoV-2 virus samples. According to Dr. Gaseitsiwe, Botswana's genome sequence submissions

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Botswana has 971 kilometres (603 mi) of railway lines, 18,443.8 kilometres (11,460.4 mi) of roads, and 92 airports, of which 12 have paved runways. Of these roads, 7,383.2 kilometres (4,587.7 mi) are paved, while the other 11,060.6 kilometres (6,872.7 mi) are unpaved. The national

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use through deep borehole drilling has somewhat eased the effects of drought. Surface water is scarce in Botswana, and less than 5% of the agriculture in the country is sustainable by rainfall. In the remaining 95% of the country, raising livestock is the primary source of rural income. Approximately

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However, agriculture also played a vital role in the longevity of Toutswemogala Hill's extended occupation, as many grain storage structures have also been found on the site. Many different stratified layers of housing floors further signal continuous occupation over hundreds of years. The arrival of

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drugs as well as an information campaign designed to stop the spread of the virus; in 2013, over 40% of adults in Botswana had access to antiretroviral therapy. In the 15–19 age group, prevalence was estimated at 6% for females and 3.5% for males in 2013, and for the 20–24 age group, 15% for females

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An expansion of British central authority and the evolution of native government resulted in the 1920 establishment of two advisory councils to represent both Africans and Europeans. The African Council consisted of the eight heads of the Tswana tribes and some elected members. Proclamations in 1934

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Iron Age settlement's radio-carbon dates range from the 7th to late 19th century, indicating it was occupied for more than 1,000 years. The hill was part of the formation of early states in southern Africa, with cattle as a major source of economy. The Toutswe settlement includes house-floors, large

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was a silver medalist in the 200 metres at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics and reached the semi-finals at the 2014 World Junior Championships in Athletics. Ross Branch Ross, a motor-biker, holds the number one place in the South African Cross Country Championship and has competed at the Dakar Rally.

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is the national railway company, operating primarily in the Southern African regional railway system. Botswana Railways offers rail-based transport facilities for moving a range of commodities for the mining sector and primary materials industries, as well as passenger train services and dry ports.

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In 1977, Botswana's administrative divisions were Ngamiland, Chobe, Francistown, Ngwato, Tuli, Ghanzi, Kgalagadi, Ngwaketse, Kweneng, Gaborone and Lobatse. In 2006, Chobe was removed from being an administrative division, and Ngamiland's name was changed to North West district. Chobe was readded on

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of resources, including land, in Botswana. The UNDP joined in with a project started in the southern community of Struizendam in Botswana. The project's purpose is to draw from "indigenous knowledge and traditional land management systems". The leaders of this movement are supposed to be the people

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The first written records relating to modern-day Botswana appear in 1824. These records show that the Bangwaketse had become the predominant power in the region. Under the rule of Makaba II, the Bangwaketse kept vast herds of cattle in well-protected desert areas, and used their military prowess to

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has a strong following; it was first played in Botswana around 40 years ago, and it grew in popularity during the 1980s. Many British expatriate school teachers informally taught the game in Botswana's secondary schools. The Botswana Bridge Federation (BBF) was founded in 1988. Bridge has remained

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Since independence, Botswana has had one of the fastest growth rates in per capita income in the world. Formerly one of the world's poorest countries—with a GDP per capita of about US$ 70 per year in the late 1960s—Botswana has transformed itself into an upper middle-income country. GDP per capita

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ruins, a cultural and heritage site in Botswana initially occupied towards the end of the Great Zimbabwe period (1250–1450), with stone walls that have an average height of 1.8 metres. The site is a respected place for the people living in the region, and it is believed that the chief lived on the

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The mineral industry provides about 40% of all government revenues. Botswana has not begun mining uranium, however the Letlhakane Uranium Project in Africa is one of the largest undeveloped uranium projects. The government announced in early 2009 that they would try to diversify their economy and

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Botswana's healthcare system has been steadily improving and expanding. Specifically, infant mortality and maternal mortality rates are steadily declining. Eighty-five per cent of the population live within a five-kilometre (3.1 mi) radius of a health facility. Seventy-three per cent of pregnant

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The constitution provides for an independent judiciary, and the government respects this in practice. The legal system is sufficient to conduct secure commercial dealings, although a growing backlog of cases prevents timely trials. Botswana is ranked second only to South Africa among sub-Saharan

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became president and vice-president, respectively, they aligned with the A Team. Khama effectively expelled the A Team from the party in 2010 after he became president. A new rivalry formed in 2018 when Khama's chosen successor, Mokgweetsi Masisi, became president. He opposed Khama, and the two

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hopes that investing a large part of national income in education will make the country less dependent on diamonds for its economic survival, and less dependent on expatriates for its skilled workers. NPVET (National Policy on Vocational Education and Training) introduced policies in favour of

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Botswana has made educational progress since independence in 1966 when there were only 22 graduates in the country and only a very small percentage of the population attended secondary school. Botswana increased its adult literacy rate from 69% in 1991 to 83% in 2008. Among sub-Saharan African

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that is a member of the Union for International Cancer Control. The Association supplements existing services through provision of cancer prevention and health awareness programs, facilitating access to health services for cancer patients and offering support and counselling to those affected.

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In terms of power infrastructure in Botswana, the country produces coal for electricity and imports oil. Recently, the country has taken a large interest in renewable energy sources and has designed a comprehensive strategy to attract investors in the wind, solar and biomass renewable energy

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Botswana's music is mostly vocal and performed, sometimes without drums depending on the occasion; it also makes heavy use of string instruments. Botswana folk music has instruments such as setinkane (a sort of miniature piano), segankure/segaba (a Motswana version of the Chinese instrument

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were illegal in Botswana. A Botswana High Court decision of 11 June of that year struck down provisions in the Criminal Code that punished "carnal knowledge of any person against the order of nature" and "acts of gross indecency", making Botswana one of 22 African countries that have either

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is made when milk and sugar is added to fermented sorghum or maize. Ting without the milk and sugar is sometimes eaten with meat or vegetables for lunch or dinner. Another way of making bogobe is to add sour milk and a cooking melon (lerotse). The Kalanga tribe calls this dish is called

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years. Environmentalists report that the Okavango Delta is drying up due to increased livestock grazing. The Okavango Delta is one of the major semi-forested wetlands in Botswana and one of the largest inland deltas in the world; the ecosystem is crucial to the survival of many animals.

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field. Officially, the government denies that there is any link to mining, claiming the relocation is to preserve the wildlife and ecosystem, even though the San people have lived sustainably on the land for millennia. On the reservations, they struggle to find employment, and

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The Department of Forestry and Range Resources has already begun to implement a project to reintroduce indigenous vegetation into communities in Kgalagadi South, Kweneng North and Boteti. Reintroduction of indigenous vegetation will help reduce the degradation of the land. The

125: 1196:, a chieftaincy under a leader named Kgabo II, made their way into the southern Kalahari by AD 1500, at the latest, and his people drove the Bakgalagadi inhabitants west into the desert. Over the years, several offshoots of the Bakwena moved into adjoining territories. The 2005:. Furthermore, they show that Botswana lost its status as a "liberal democracy" in 2021, with its liberal, participatory and deliberative components decreasing "at a statistically significant level", with the latter component being noted as becoming "significantly worse". 1247:

raided repeatedly and took large numbers of cattle, women and children from the Batswana—most of whom were driven into the desert or sanctuary areas such as hilltops and caves. Only after 1843, when the Amandebele moved into western Zimbabwe, did this threat subside.

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is around 27% of the total land area, equivalent to 15,254,700 hectares (ha) of forest in 2020, down from 18,803,700 hectares (ha) in 1990. In 2020, naturally regenerating forest covered 15,254,700 hectares, of the naturally regenerating forest 0% was reported to be

5317: 3566:. The baskets are generally woven into three types: large, lidded baskets used for storage; large, open baskets for carrying objects on the head or for winnowing threshed grain; and smaller plates for winnowing pounded grain. These baskets steadily use colour. 123: 2170:

have been forcibly relocated from their land to reservations. To make them relocate, they were denied access to water on their land and faced arrest if they hunted, which was their primary source of food. Their lands lie in the middle of the world's richest

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language families whose members hunted, gathered and traded over long distances. When cattle were first introduced into southern Africa about 2,000 years ago, pastoralism became a major feature of the economy since the region had large grasslands free of

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dried, cured meat ranging from beef to game meats, either fillets of meat cut into strips following the grain of the muscle, or flat pieces sliced across the grain. Botswana's cuisine shares some characteristics with other cuisine of southern Africa.

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In 2009, Botswana-based company Deaftronics launched a solar-powered hearing aid after six years of prototype development. Since then, Deaftronics has sold over 10,000 of the hearing aids. Priced at $ 200 per unit, each hearing aid includes four

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for them. The product is inexpensive compared to many similar devices, which can start at around $ 600. In 2011, Botswana's Department of Agricultural Research (DAR) unveiled Musi cattle, designed to optimise beef production. As a hybrid of the

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was that development programs should promote, in consultation with indigenous communities such as the San and Bakgalagadi people, activities in harmony with the culture of those communities such as traditional hunting and gathering activities.

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In January 2006, Botswana announced the reintroduction of school fees after two decades of free state education, though the government still provides full scholarships with living expenses to any Botswana citizen in university, either at the

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grew from $ 439 in 1950 to $ 15,842 in 2018. Although Botswana was resource-abundant, a good institutional framework allowed the country to reinvest resource-income to generate stable future income. By one estimate, it has the fourth-highest

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At 581,730 km (224,607 sq mi), Botswana is the world's 48th-largest country. It also has a mean altitude of roughly 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) above sea level. Botswana is predominantly flat, tending towards gently rolling

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which is the language. For example, the main ethnic group of Botswana is the Tswana people, hence the name Botswana for its country. The people as a whole are Batswana, one person is a Motswana, and the language they speak is Setswana.

1335:(reigned 1875–1923) was the first of the Tswana chiefs to make Christianity a state religion, and a great deal of Tswana customary law changed as a result. Christianity became the de facto official religion in all the chiefdoms by 1378:

In 1890, areas north of 22 degrees were added to the new Bechuanaland Protectorate. During the 1890s, the new territory was divided into eight different reserves, with fairly small amounts of land being left as freehold for white

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rose from 290,000 in 2005 to 320,000 in 2013. However, in recent years, the country has made strides in combating HIV/AIDS, with efforts being made to provide proper treatment and lower the rate of mother-to-child transmission.

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from around 200,000 years ago. Evidence left by modern humans, such as cave paintings, is about 73,000 years old. The earliest known inhabitants of southern Africa are thought to have been the forebears of present-day

3988:, a giant leap forward in the realisation of Botswana's ambition to become a technologically driven economy. The satellite, which will be used for earth observation, will generate data for farm planning and real-time 2408:

The Botswana Tourism Organisation is the country's official tourism group. Other destinations in Botswana include the Gaborone Yacht Club and the Kalahari Fishing Club. The country has natural attractions such as the

8479: 1365:, Britain decided to annex Botswana to safeguard the Road to the North and thus connect the Cape Colony to its territories further north. It unilaterally annexed Tswana territories in January 1885 and then sent the 3386:

at birth was 55 in 2009 according to the World Bank, having previously fallen from a peak of 64.1 in 1990 to a low of 49 in 2002. Since Botswana's 2011 census, current life expectancy is estimated at 54.06 years.

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With a nationwide Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission program, Botswana has reduced HIV transmission from infected mothers to their children from about 40% in 2003 to 4% in 2010. Under the leadership of

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Since raising livestock has been profitable for the people of Botswana, they continue to exploit the land with dramatically increasing numbers of animals. From 1966 to 1991, the livestock population grew from

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In June 1964, the United Kingdom accepted proposals for a democratic self-government in Botswana. An independence conference was held in London in February 1966. The seat of government was moved in 1965 from

5043:; Baldi, Benedetta F.; Moore, Andy E.; Lyons, Ruth J.; Lee, Sun-Seon; Kalsbeek, Anton MF; Petersen, Desiree C.; Rautenbach, Hannes; Förtsch, Hagen EA; Bornman, MS Riana; Hayes, Vanessa M. (28 October 2019). 5173:

Staurset, S.; Coulson, S. (2014). "Sub-surface movement of stone artefacts at White Paintings Shelter, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana: Implications for the Middle Stone Age chronology of central southern Africa".

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is considerable. Economic development spending was cut by 10% in 2002–2003 as a result of recurring budget deficits and rising expenditures on healthcare services. Botswana has been hit very hard by the

1511:, which has also won a majority in every parliamentary election since independence. All the previous presidents have also represented the same party. A long-running dispute over the northern border with 8770: 4563: 2187:, Fernand de Varennes, issued a statement calling on Botswana "to step up efforts to recognise and protect the rights of minorities in relation to public services, land and resource use, and the use of 1154:

moved into what is now the north-eastern area of the country. These proto-Kalanga were closely connected to states in Zimbabwe as well as to the Mapungubwe state. One notable remanant of this period is

9287: 3816: 1480:, located near Botswana's border with South Africa. Based on the 1965 constitution, the country held its first general elections under universal suffrage and gained independence on 30 September 1966. 4292:

Botswana has a number of tribes across the country, collectively known as Batswana. The official language is English and Setswana is the national language, although there are other spoken languages.

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in which national law supersedes local law. Local laws are developed by local councils and district councils. They are heavily influenced by tribal governments, which are led by the tribe's chief.

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in 2011, within a UNESCO project sponsored by the Spanish Agency for International Cooperation and Development (AECID). This policy was formulated in strategic documents that include Botswana's

9495: 4464: 2104:, and a large segment of its officer corps have received U.S. training. The Botswana government gave the United States permission to explore the possibility of establishing an Africa Command ( 3942:

breeds, it is hoped that the composite will lead to increased beef production. In 2016, the Botswana Institute of Technology Research and Innovation (BITRI) developed a rapid testing kit for

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in 1860. From that point on, the modern-day border between South Africa and Botswana was agreed on, and the Afrikaners and Batswana traded and worked together comparatively peacefully.

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has also entered into an agreement with Botswana, giving them US$ 7 million to reduce Botswana's debt by US$ 8.3 million. The US stipulated that Botswana will focus on more extensive

5391:"Archaeological impact assessment for the Bosa transmission line project from Theisang substation to the Tlokweng border post in the South Eastern and Kgatleng districts of Botswana" 11334: 5939: 3735: 2609:

way of life. Since the mid-1990s, the central government of Botswana has been trying to move the San out of their historic lands, likely because they live on a diamond-rich region.

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The oldest paintings from both Botswana and South Africa depict hunting, animal and human figures, and were made by the Khoisan (Kung San/Bushmen) over 20,000 years ago within the

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over the past 10 years, recording its lowest ever score on the indices. The indices classify Botswana as an electoral democracy in a 'grey zone' between electoral democracy and

10341: 8535: 8287: 7381: 8475: 5857: 4681: 14230: 10409: 1835:. Botswana's governing institutions were established after it became an independent nation in 1966. Botswana's governmental structure is based on both the United Kingdom's 13075: 12146: 10440: 5697:"Warren informed Chiefs Bathoen of Bangwaketse, Khama of Bangwato and Sebele of Bakwena about the protection in May 1885 (Mogalakwe, 2006)." (from T.E. Malebeswa (2020): 5476: 4618: 9577: 9163: 8875: 3977: 3879: 3453:(ARVs) to help combat the epidemic. Despite the launch of programs to make treatment available and to educate the populace about the epidemic, the number of people with 9434: 7599: 3541:

for plural) and phala (a whistle used mostly during celebrations). The hands are sometimes used as musical instruments too, by either clapping them together or against

4741: 1387:. This plan, which was well on its way to fruition despite the entreaties of Tswana leaders who toured England in protest, was eventually foiled by the failure of the 6055: 14140: 3885:

In 2015, Botswana planned to use science and technology to diversify its economy and thereby reduce its dependence on diamond mining. Botswana published its updated

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countries, Botswana has one of the highest literacy rates. As of 2024, 88.5% of the population aged 15 and over could read and write and were respectively literate.

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In 1884, Batawana, a northern-based Tswana clan's cavalry under the command of Kgosi Moremi, fought and defeated the Ndebele's invasion of northern Botswana at the

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regulated tribal rule and powers. A European-African advisory council was formed in 1951, and the 1961 constitution established a consultative legislative council.

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raid their neighbours. Other chiefdoms in the area, by this time, had capitals of 10,000 or so and were fairly prosperous. This equilibrium came to end during the

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71% of the country's land is used for communal grazing, which has been a major cause of the desertification and the accelerating soil erosion in the country.

1150:-speaking peoples first moved into the country from the north, although AD 600 seems to be a consensus estimate. In that era, the ancestors of the modern-day 14467: 13080: 11327: 8799: 8152: 7578: 6085: 8851: 8701: 3771:, and, as of 2024, holds the 100 metre and 200 metre world's third-best time of 30.69 seconds. On 7 August 2021, Botswana won the bronze medal in the Men's 1369:

north to consolidate control over the area and convince the chiefs to accept British overrule. Despite their misgivings, they eventually acquiesced to this

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period, 1823–1843, when a succession of invading peoples from South Africa entered the country. Although the Bangwaketse were able to defeat the invading

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In Botswana, the Department of Mines and Mineral Resources, Green Technology and Energy Security maintains data regarding mining throughout the country.

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in Africa and has stockpiled foreign exchange reserves (over $ 7 billion in 2005/2006) amounting to almost two and a half years of current imports.

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heaps of vitrified cow dung, and burials while the outstanding structure is the stone wall. Around 1000 AD, the Toutswe people moved into Botswana.

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31 March 2014. That same day, the administrative divisions Francistown, Gaborone, Jwaneng, Lobatse, Selibe Phikwe, and Sowa Town were also added.

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has been the only ruling party from independence until 2024. As of 2024, Botswana is the third-least corrupt country in Africa, according to the

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or, if the student wishes to pursue an education in any field not offered locally, they are provided with a full scholarship to study abroad.

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is common within Botswana's political parties, and several groups have formed new parties by splitting from established ones. Since 2019, the

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Makgala, Christian John (3 July 2014). "Neil Parsons, National Coat of Arms, and Introduction of the Pula Currency in Botswana, 1975–1976".

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and the Merck Foundation, which together formed the African Comprehensive HIV/AIDS Partnership (ACHAP). Other early partners include the

3434:; in 2006, it was estimated that life expectancy at birth had dropped from 65 to 35 years. The life expectancy is 66.4 years as of 2024. 1895: 1331:

both became established in the country by 1856. By 1880, every major village had a resident missionary, and their influence slowly grew.

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Morton, Barry (14 January 2009). "The Hunting Trade and the Reconstruction of Northern Tswana Societies after the Difaqane, 1838–1880".

5148: 14235: 13587: 13230: 10815: 10107: 9252: 3482:. According to the 2011 UNAIDS Report, universal access to treatment—defined as 80% coverage or greater—has been achieved in Botswana. 471: 9985: 5368: 4997: 14497: 14245: 13154: 10895: 10349: 9740: 3475: 2321: 582: 10626:

Cunningham, A.B.; Milton, S.J. (1987). "Effects of basket-weaving industry on mokola palm and dye plants in northwestern Botswana".

10292: 9814: 9710: 6544:"New opportunities for combating desertification in Botswana: Women in action for sustainable land and natural resources management" 4708: 1491:, who was elected in his own right in 1984 and re-elected in 1989 and 1994. Masire retired from office in 1998. He was succeeded by 14487: 14357: 14305: 11183: 8527: 7945: 7462: 6831: 6423: 5991: 5126: 4673: 3996:, Almaz opened a first-of-its-kind computer assembly company. Ditec, a Botswana company, also customises, designs and manufactures 1989:, which was the second-highest rating in Africa, and the highest ranking in continental Africa (only the offshore island nation of 936: 9223:"Botswana is first country with severe HIV epidemic to reach key milestone in the elimination of mother-to-child HIV transmission" 8910: 6578:"Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material" 6297: 13417: 13225: 12936: 12452: 10975: 10401: 9912: 4656: 3547:(goat skin turned inside out wrapped around the calf area, only used by men) to create music and rhythm. The national anthem is " 2066: 1767: 10432: 9426: 4766: 3772: 1410:

was formed from the main British colonies in the region in 1910, the High Commission Territories—the Bechuanaland Protectorate,

14205: 13364: 13070: 12717: 11401: 8351: 5094: 1736:, which are heavily linked. Three-quarters of the country's human and animal populations depend on groundwater due to drought. 995: 17: 10176: 9685: 9569: 9362: 9137: 7547: 1499:(son of the first president), who had been serving as Mogae's vice-president since resigning his position as Commander of the 13187: 13169: 13033: 12996: 12502: 11450: 11048: 10672: 10475: 10029: 9979: 9392: 8112: 6543: 5552:

Morton, Barry (1997). "The Hunting Trade and the Reconstruction of Northern Tswana Societies after the Difaqane, 1838–1880".

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moved northeast into former Kalanga areas. Not long afterwards, a Bangwato offshoot known as the Batawana migrated into the

14295: 14285: 13399: 13388: 13149: 9542: 9516: 7920: 7864: 7779: 7404: 6449: 6047: 5436:

Tlou, T. (1974). "The Nature of Batswana States: Towards a Theory of Batswana Traditional Government – The Batawana Case".

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women access antenal care services at least four times. Almost 100 per cent of births in Botswana take place in hospitals.

14447: 13484: 13479: 13210: 13205: 13038: 10228: 8825: 8126: 5797: 2625: 1888:, the Court of Appeal and Magistrates' Courts. Cases are often settled by customary courts with tribal chiefs presiding. 10085: 9186: 6489: 5865: 1860:

serves an advisory body made up of tribal chiefs and other appointed members. Botswana's executive branch is led by the

174: 14170: 13043: 10379: 8505: 6204: 6174: 4596: 3869: 3768: 3743: 3467: 3466:, the government of Botswana solicited outside help in curing people with HIV/AIDS and received early support from the 2088:

Following political changes in South Africa and the region, the BDF's missions have increasingly focused on preventing

615: 9629: 7522: 1587:

Basin, the major landform of all of southern Africa, lies partly in Botswana, with the basins of its tributaries, the

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was originally applied to the Tswana, and has also come to be used generally as a term for all citizens of Botswana.

1673:. The park covers about 11,000 km (4,247 sq mi) and supports about 350 species of birds. In Botswana 1316:. This is the start of the collapse of the Ndebele Kingdom in Zimbabwe and it helped the Tswana speaking authority. 14290: 13813: 13379: 13312: 13302: 13238: 13098: 12742: 12463: 12221: 11595: 8596: 8075: 7343: 6980: 6759: 6703: 6320: 4895: 4854: 4395: 4360: 2616:, as the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights and fundamental freedoms of indigenous people for the 1775: 1243:

in 1826, over time, all the major chiefdoms in Botswana were attacked, weakened and impoverished. The Bakololo and

1067:. Stone tools and animal remains indicate that all areas of the country were inhabited at least 400,000 years ago. 9191: 8795: 8453: 8402: 8148: 6267: 6077: 4279: 4096: 2712: 1554: 13454: 11391: 11272: 10908: 8847: 8693: 6647: 6520: 4056: 3947: 3660: 3413: 3247: 10586: 8423: 8381: 7665: 6676:"The Mutation of Parliament into a "Registration Chamber": Executive Dominance over the Legislature in Botswana" 6025: 2513:

is in the planning and design stage at the Ministry of Mineral Resources, Green Technology and Energy Security.

1808: 1484:, a leader in the independence movement, was elected as the first president, and subsequently re-elected twice. 14403: 14215: 14200: 14040: 13949: 13580: 13307: 13025: 12884: 12020: 11107: 8670: 8565: 8174: 5921: 5716: 4497: 3391: 2945: 2893: 2859: 2843: 2775: 2730: 2494: 2490: 2147: 1927: 1923: 1520: 1305:

and, after about eight years of intermittent tensions and hostilities, eventually came to a peace agreement in

991: 974:) of about $ 20,158 as of 2024. Botswana is the world's biggest diamond-producing country. Its relatively high 563: 7890: 7703: 4007:

On 19 November 2021, scientists at the Botswana Harvard HIV Reference Laboratory (BHHRL) first discovered the

1176:; trade goods from Asia such as beads made their way to Botswana, most likely in exchange for ivory, gold and 14457: 14210: 13531: 13359: 13347: 13090: 13002: 11343: 11226: 11084: 11036: 11021: 10888: 9836: 6226: 3750:

is a sprinter who specialises in the 400 metres who was the gold medalist at the Commonwealth Games in 2018.

3696: 3395: 3368: 3217: 2621: 2562:. The Indian minority is made up of both recent migrants and descendants of Indian migrants who arrived from 2036: 1986: 1966: 1950: 1698: 1427: 1123: 772: 748: 414: 12367: 7993: 7685: 4549: 1192:

the Tswana speakers' ancestors who came to control the region has yet to be dated precisely. Members of the

75: 14492: 14190: 13446: 13409: 13384: 13195: 13048: 12953: 12123: 11639: 7187: 6136: 5346: 3780: 3551:", which was written and composed by Kgalemang Tumediso Motsete; it was adopted upon independence in 1966. 3316: 3232: 2995: 2746: 2105: 2012: 1384: 1383:. During the early 1890s, the British government decided to hand over the Bechuanaland Protectorate to the 952: 738: 9781: 9456: 8255: 7571:"S. Africa Raids 3 Nearby Nations : Attacks Rebel Bases in Capitals of Zimbabwe, Zambia and Botswana" 14331: 14034: 13943: 13422: 13159: 13058: 12929: 11173: 11094: 10809: 9659: 8590: 4841: 4535: 4382: 4354: 4323: 3426: 3063: 3047: 3029: 2979: 2911: 2825: 2791: 2365: 2329: 1714: 963: 9929: 8727: 7570: 6860:"Role of local government in Botswana for effective service delivery: Challenges, prospects and lessons" 6781: 1438:

in 1961, ended any prospect of the UK or these territories agreeing to incorporation into South Africa.

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Countries and territories where English is the national language or the native language of the majority

11206: 11058: 10980: 10965: 9599: 6859: 6107: 4797: 3700: 3656: 3646: 3479: 2692: 2682: 2677: 2672: 2662: 2657: 2510: 2009: 1873: 1544: 1057: 956: 716: 374: 2531:

are the majority ethnic group in Botswana, making up approximately 79% of the population, followed by

896:

to the northeast. With a population of slightly over 2.4 million people and a comparable land area to

13573: 13427: 11216: 10929: 10839: 10505: 10315: 7734: 7260: 5282:"The glass beads of Kaitshàa and early Indian Ocean trade into the far hinterland of southern Africa" 3131: 2341: 2204: 1911: 1649:

Botswana has diverse areas of wildlife habitat. In addition to the delta and desert areas, there are

1549: 1508: 1399: 1348: 1328: 1019: 948: 928: 11748:

Countries and territories where English is an official language, but not the majority first language

10137: 10063: 8962: 7834: 2702: 2282:

These are administered by 16 local authorities (district councils, city councils or town councils).

2229:, 2 city districts, 4 towns, 11 sub-districts and, in total, 16 administrative divisions. They are: 1611:, located in the eastern part of the country. The Notwane provides water to the capital through the 14100: 13608: 13464: 13108: 12966: 12206: 12036: 11627: 11279: 11241: 11193: 11117: 11026: 11011: 10944: 10881: 6385: 5630: 4080: 3902: 3431: 3187: 2540: 2522: 2124: 1828: 1088: 932: 489: 442: 276: 81: 10011: 7802:"Botswana minorities need boost in education and health care, says UN expert urging Bill of Right" 6366: 4950: 1914:

has ruled with a majority government since independence. The nation's elections are recognized as

1880:

members. The president has significant power in Botswana, and the legislature has little power to

14383: 14378: 14336: 13960: 13600: 13536: 13526: 13264: 11912: 11031: 10606:

Cohen, Dennis L (1979). "The Botswana Political Elite: Evidence from the 1974 General Election".

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The Ministry of Health in Botswana is responsible for overseeing the quality and distribution of

3326: 2598: 2502: 2414: 2314: 2134: 2024: 1994: 1435: 1366: 1244: 999: 983: 971: 667: 540: 12686: 10545: 8229: 8199: 4792: 876:. Botswana is topographically flat, with approximately 70 per cent of its territory part of the 14362: 14156: 14045: 13554: 13521: 13432: 13141: 12986: 12922: 11526: 11386: 11158: 11043: 10859: 10766: 8449: 5827: 4409:"Monopoly Politikos: How Botswana's Opposition Parties Have Helped Sustain One-Party Dominance" 3993: 3954: 3943: 3857: 3848: 3438: 3321: 2101: 2074: 2050: 2040: 1998: 1915: 1885: 1847: 1840: 1824: 1803: 1710: 1500: 1290: 940: 590: 534: 409: 299: 12623: 8313: 7484: 2100:. The United States has been the largest single foreign contributor to the development of the 139: 14065: 14018: 13803: 13287: 13259: 12226: 11964: 11585: 11211: 11122: 11053: 11016: 10970: 10953: 10863: 10799: 9890: 9014: 8932: 3822: 3711:

has an amateur golf league in which golfers compete in tournaments and championships. Runner

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in Africa, giving it a relatively high standard of living in Africa, around that of Mexico.

61: 13985: 13254: 12892: 11694: 11246: 11236: 11201: 10999: 10985: 10635: 10554: 9966: 6589: 5183: 5062: 4977: 4100: 3914: 3804: 3788: 3738:

in the 400 metres and won Botswana's first athletics medal at the world level. High jumper

3652: 3446: 3408: 3161: 3151: 2375: 2325: 2093: 1962: 1881: 1799: 1771: 1636: 340: 9736: 6674:

Sebudubudu, David; Maripe, Bugalo; Botlhomilwe, Mokganedi Z.; Malila, Ikanyeng S. (2013).

5739:

King Khama, Emperor Joe, and the Great White Queen: Victorian Britain Through African Eyes

5602:

Ramsay, J. (1991). "The Botswana-Boer War of 1852–53: How the Batswana Achieved Victory".

3708: 3345: 2585: 1394: 8: 14310: 13926: 13868: 13618: 13565: 12484: 12467: 12093: 11665: 11621: 11498: 11463: 11265: 11136: 11112: 11072: 10934: 10916: 10523: 9806: 9714: 8886: 8641:"Zimbabwe diaspora in Botswana commends GoZ engagement efforts, acknowledges IOM support" 7735:"THE DEATH PENALTY IN BOTSWANA IN THE LIGHT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW: THE CASE FOR ABOLITION" 7063:"Botswana at 50: democratic deficit, elite corruption and poverty in the midst of plenty" 5663:

The Realm of the Word: Language, Gender, and Christianity in the Southern African Kingdom

4704: 4084: 4051: 3559: 3548: 3491: 3165: 2544: 2498: 2426: 2403: 2300: 2295: 2002: 1877: 1725: 1694: 1662: 1540: 1507:

was sworn in as the fifth president of Botswana, succeeding Ian Khama. He represents the

1354: 1038: 967: 722: 111: 10639: 7942: 7454: 6811: 6736:

The African Review: A Journal of African Politics, Development and International Affairs

6680:

The African Review: A Journal of African Politics, Development and International Affairs

6593: 6415: 5995: 5187: 5116: 5066: 3437:

In 2003, the government began a comprehensive programme involving free or cheap generic

3281:

make up the majority of Christian denominations. The country also has congregations of:

1572: 1445: 13505: 13458: 11221: 11089: 10804: 10758: 10742: 10706: 10651: 10051: 9336: 9196: 9071: 8902: 8585: 8416:"World Heritage List reaches 1000 sites with inscription of Okavango Delta in Botswana" 8260: 7335: 7156: 7031: 6972: 6918: 6751: 6695: 6620: 6577: 6289: 5776: 5611: 5507: 5453: 5309: 5262: 5254: 5086: 4887: 4836: 4653: 4530: 4438: 4377: 4349: 4318: 4076: 3981: 3614: 2112: 2078: 2062: 1982:

formed a political rivalry that continues to loom over Batswana politics in the 2020s.

1899: 1869: 1836: 1184: 1161: 1071: 987: 979: 869: 12115: 9909: 4926: 3972:

Botswana launched its own three-year programme to build and launch a Micro Satellite (

3827: 1872:. The members of parliament choose the president, and the president then appoints the 14442: 13965: 13292: 12991: 12830: 12669: 12242: 11896: 11288: 11178: 11168: 11163: 10762: 10750: 10710: 10668: 10574: 10490: 10471: 10025: 9975: 9487: 9340: 9328: 9249:"Partnership for Success: CDC and Botswana Lead Progress Toward HIV Epidemic Control" 9155: 9075: 9063: 9058: 9041: 8118: 8108: 8028: 7620:"Chapter XXVI: Disarmament – No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons" 7424: 7369: 7327: 7160: 7148: 7084: 7023: 7003: 6964: 6922: 6910: 6743: 6687: 6625: 6607: 5768: 5586: 5445: 5420: 5313: 5301: 5266: 5221: 5199: 5090: 5078: 5023: 4930: 4879: 4770: 4430: 4104: 3739: 3013: 2481: 2188: 2150:

is a legal penalty for murder in Botswana, and executions are carried out by hanging.

2139: 1931: 1926:

has operated as a coalition of opposition parties. The most recent election was held

1919: 1851: 1812: 1657:. Northern Botswana has one of the few remaining large populations of the endangered 1504: 1362: 978:(by some estimates the fourth-largest in Africa) gives the country a relatively high 975: 365: 8343: 7035: 5044: 3852:

vocational education. Botswana invests 21% of its government spending in education.

3364: 2081:

of the armed forces and appoints a defence council. In 2019, Botswana signed the UN

1949:

in 1991, factionalism and political rivalries have dominated Botswana politics. The

1831:. It is the longest uninterrupted democracy in Africa. Its seat of government is in 1092: 14116: 14085: 14055: 13955: 13903: 13793: 12971: 12047: 12015: 11905: 11720: 11550: 11153: 11148: 10825: 10734: 10698: 10643: 10017: 9384: 9320: 9053: 7539: 7416: 7140: 7074: 7015: 6902: 6823: 6615: 6597: 5760: 5561: 5534: 5293: 5246: 5191: 5070: 5049: 4989: 4420: 4183: 4127: 4117: 3939: 3931: 3704: 3123: 2961: 2927: 2877: 2809: 2559: 2453: 2070: 1985:

Botswana was ranked as a "flawed democracy" and 33rd out of 167 states in the 2023

1958: 1946: 1786: 1718: 1706: 1697:(in the Okavango Delta) are major tourist destinations. Other reserves include the 1687: 1658: 1592: 1495:, who was elected in 1999 and re-elected in 2004. The presidency passed in 2008 to 1487:

Khama died in office in 1980. The presidency passed to the sitting vice-president,

1302: 642: 395: 380: 209: 67: 12856: 9686:"Letsile Tebogo stuns American trio for 200m Olympic gold in Paris | NBC Olympics" 7144: 7079: 7062: 6550: 5764: 5751:

Hayes, Frank (1980). "South Africa's Departure from the Commonwealth, 1960–1961".

4993: 1753:

million. Similarly, the human population has increased from 574,000 in 1971 to 1.5

13994: 13838: 12662: 12571: 12158: 12057: 10924: 10850: 9916: 9897: 9324: 8882: 8677: 7949: 7771: 7689: 7652: 7606: 7526: 7129:"An assessment of Botswana's electoral management body to deliver fair elections" 5961: 5376: 5342: 5195: 5058: 5040: 4660: 4177: 4043: 3976:) Botswana Satellite Technology (Sat-1 Project) in Gaborone on 18 December 2020. 3799: 3731: 3692: 3570: 3383: 3295: 3099: 3091: 2741: 2606: 2425:

of Botswana, the largest inland delta in the world, was inscribed as the 1,000th

2057:

At the time of independence, Botswana had no armed forces. It was only after the

1970: 1856: 1733: 1702: 1683: 1604: 1566: 1319:

Due to newly peaceful conditions, trade thrived between 1860 and 1880. Christian

1165: 1147: 1084: 916: 877: 873: 839: 219: 47: 9546: 9520: 7912: 7868: 7128: 6906: 6542:

Mogotsi, Kebadire; Kanego, Arabang; Sebele, Neelo; Kgaswane, Medi; Gabaitse, H.

6456: 3098:

are more important than they are in many other languages, because Setswana is a

2390:

company operating in Botswana, is a joint venture, 50% owned by the government.

2217: 2209: 14050: 13975: 13883: 12976: 12961: 12825: 12608: 12592: 11987: 11713: 11684: 11601: 11538: 11396: 9151: 9142: 7226: 6827: 6602: 3784: 3756: 3751: 3676: 3642: 3127: 2838: 2760: 2617: 2532: 2422: 2111:

Botswana is the 50th most peaceful country in the world, according to the 2024

1918:, but the ruling party has institutional advantages that other parties do not. 1679: 1666: 1577: 1205: 1151: 1003: 924: 428: 244: 10738: 10702: 9570:"Teenage sprinter Letsile Tebogo wants to be remembered as an athletics great" 8821: 7190:(Report). Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa. p. 6. 7019: 6890: 5805: 5565: 5538: 5250: 5074: 4557:"Statistics Botswana - Census 2023 - Population of cities, towns and villages" 2624:(CKGR) as a special example. Among Anaya's recommendations in a report to the 2332:, economic growth averaged over 9% per year from 1966 to 1999. Botswana has a 1289:

from the Cape Colony established themselves on the borders of Botswana in the

1251: 149: 14436: 14418: 14405: 12945: 12851: 12846: 12674: 12282: 11633: 11579: 11483: 11231: 11099: 10854: 10819: 10754: 10746: 10284: 10258: 10168: 9354: 9332: 8988: 8122: 7428: 7331: 7152: 7088: 7027: 6968: 6914: 6747: 6691: 6611: 6481: 6352:

Terms and Definitions FRA 2025 Forest Resources Assessment, Working Paper 194

6196: 5772: 5449: 5305: 4919: 4883: 4802: 4496:(Report). United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. 2015. p. 9. 4434: 4029: 3923: 3918: 3843:

is working to establish libraries in primary schools in partnership with the

3747: 3716: 2786: 2528: 2349: 2345: 2337: 1938: 1865: 1600: 1588: 1584: 1516: 1481: 1449: 1358: 1313: 1306: 1294: 1271: 1240: 1169: 1096: 1015: 912: 905: 826: 765: 700: 282: 238: 189: 176: 10620:

The Political Economy of Botswana: A Study of Growth and Income Distribution

8933:"Africa :: Botswana — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency" 8501: 6166: 5713:"The Invention and Perpetuation of Botswana's National Mythology, 1885–1966" 5677:"The Invention and Perpetuation of Botswana's National Mythology, 1885–1966" 5237:

Denbow, James (1986). "A New Look at the Later Prehistory of the Kalahari".

4588: 2153: 14341: 14265: 13911: 13843: 13828: 12787: 12392: 12382: 12186: 11993: 11838: 11828: 11608: 10550: 9630:"Botswana ready to host Netball World Youth Cup - Xinhua | English.news.cn" 9159: 9067: 7520: 6732:"The Politics of Opposition Electoral Coalitions and Alliances in Botswana" 6629: 5578: 5412: 5203: 5082: 4425: 4408: 3997: 3989: 3817:

Ministry of Tertiary Education, Research, Science and Technology (Botswana)

3720: 3463: 3135: 2804: 2755: 2579: 2555: 2477: 2459: 2410: 2336:

compared to other African countries. The government has maintained a sound

2143: 2097: 2045: 1974: 1942: 1674: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1492: 1488: 1456: 1388: 1227: 1201: 1173: 881: 422: 226: 8102: 6953:"The Uneasy Relationship Between Parliament and the Executive in Botswana" 1112: 1022:. The Constitution of Botswana recognizes a homogeneous Tswana state. The 14125: 14070: 13808: 13778: 13628: 12566: 12397: 12287: 11935: 11885: 11843: 11707: 11671: 11590: 11503: 11406: 11312: 10108:"Botswana's hearing aid pioneers are betting on solar power to go global" 5297: 5045:"Human origins in a southern African palaeo-wetland and first migrations" 3980:(BIUST) will lead satellite development, with technical support from the 3935: 3379: 3285: 3270: 2770: 2717: 2613: 2551: 2418: 2130: 1954: 1737: 1336: 1324: 1275: 1267: 1197: 1193: 1064: 920: 10021: 9840: 7964:"Consolidating Democratic Governance in Southern Africa : Botswana" 7704:"Botswana scraps gay sex laws in big victory for LGBTQ rights in Africa" 7420: 7339: 7315: 6976: 6952: 6755: 6731: 6699: 6675: 5780: 5615: 5511: 5457: 4891: 4867: 4442: 2015:

ranks Botswana is the third-least corrupt country in Africa, just below

1168:. These various peoples were connected to trade routes that ran via the 14080: 13823: 13763: 13693: 13633: 13500: 12782: 12772: 12757: 12473: 12377: 12342: 12327: 12312: 12267: 12201: 11833: 11778: 11572: 10655: 10647: 8445: 8251: 6259: 4271: 3992:. It can also help predict and forecast harvest time. In 2016, for the 3803:

popular and the BBF has over 800 members. In 2007, the BBF invited the

3764: 3712: 3631: 3372: 3349: 3337: 3311: 3266: 3202: 2872: 2820: 2602: 2563: 2536: 2177: 2167: 2020: 2016: 1411: 1320: 1286: 1282: 1177: 1156: 1129: 1101: 1076: 939:

under its current name on 30 September 1966. Since then, it has been a

250: 12550: 10590: 8415: 7962:

Maundeni, Zibani; Mpabanga, Dorothy; Mfundisi, Adam (1 January 2007).

7405:"Botswana's 2019 General Elections: A Referendum on General Ian Khama" 6643: 6516: 5258: 4978:"Fossiliferous Neogene karst fillings in Angola, Botswana and Namibia" 3512: 2509:(300 MW), which is expected to be online in the near future. A 200-MW 2442: 1854:, which serves as the nation's formal and sole legislature, while the 14060: 14010: 13935: 13848: 13833: 13758: 13623: 12767: 12332: 11957: 11940: 11919: 11808: 11702: 10689:

Good, Kenneth (1992). "Interpreting the Exceptionality of Botswana".

8373: 6167:"Drought impact mitigation and prevention in the Limpopo River Basin" 6017: 4001: 3964: 3680: 3602: 3554:

In the northern part of Botswana, women in the villages of Etsha and

3501: 3274: 3139: 3042: 2575: 2506: 1990: 1978: 1778:

mean score of 9.13/10, ranking it 8th globally out of 172 countries.

1650: 1624: 1596: 1496: 1431: 1419: 1332: 1298: 1255: 288: 10873: 10585:

Acemoglu, Daron; Johnson, Simon; Robinson, James A. (11 July 2001).

9007: 5712: 5676: 5472: 4589:"Home | 2022 Population and Housing Census Dissemination Conference" 4486: 2370: 14023: 13853: 13788: 13748: 13743: 13728: 13678: 13673: 13658: 13638: 12802: 12792: 12747: 12432: 12407: 12257: 12252: 12231: 12196: 12010: 11930: 11868: 11853: 11773: 11768: 11659: 11544: 11508: 11492: 11299: 10829: 8528:"Unusual Tourism ministry solar power plant tender raises eyebrows" 7882: 4487:

Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015 – Country Report – Botswana

4236: 4228: 4008: 3985: 3927: 3684: 3664: 3454: 3418: 3290: 3085: 3058: 2940: 2854: 2725: 2707: 2594: 2571: 2383: 2356:

African countries in the 2014 International Property Rights Index.

2226: 2089: 2058: 1832: 1477: 1473: 1423: 1080: 893: 760: 704: 168: 10402:"Youth Company Shines With Their Locally Made Ditec Pioneer Phone" 9488:"Microbiome of madila - a southern-african fermented milk product" 8876:

Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Botswana

8733:(Report). United Nations Human Rights Council. A/HRC/15/37/Add.2. 6730:

Sebudubudu, David; Bodilenyane, Keratilwe; Kwerepe, Phana (2016).

5498:

Morton, B. (1993). "Pre-1904 Population Estimates of the Tswana".

1937:

In Botswana's early years, its politics were managed by President

1930:, with the Botswana Democratic Party maintaining its majority and 1222: 904:

countries in the world. It is essentially the nation-state of the

14028: 14000: 13888: 13783: 13768: 13733: 13718: 13703: 12777: 12752: 12716: 12639: 12618: 12587: 12545: 12417: 12387: 12372: 12357: 12347: 12337: 12302: 12297: 12247: 12216: 12191: 12166: 12074: 12063: 11818: 11813: 11798: 11793: 11566: 11556: 11519: 7682: 6673: 6048:"Botswana Geography & Maps | Botswana Safari 2024/25 | Goway" 5858:"U.K.: Bechuanaland independence conference opens in London 1966" 3973: 3958: 3874: 3668: 3610: 3586: 3417:

Life expectancy in select Southern African countries, 1950–2019.

3008: 2990: 2974: 2956: 2922: 2888: 2172: 1729: 1654: 1620: 1562: 1512: 1415: 1380: 1236: 1217: 1053: 1023: 885: 321: 12914: 10720:"Corruption and Mismanagement in Botswana: A Best-Case Example?" 7004:"The Political Foundations of Development: The Case of Botswana" 6355:. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2023. 4976:

Pickford, Martin; Mein, Pierre; Senut, Brigitte (1 April 1994).

3901:(2011) sets the target of raising gross domestic expenditure on 2547:, and a number of other smaller Southern African ethnic groups. 1226:

1905 German map of Southern Africa, showing the still-undivided

14453:

Countries and territories where English is an official language

14075: 13893: 13878: 13873: 13798: 13738: 13708: 13668: 13663: 13653: 13643: 12797: 12762: 12732: 12442: 12427: 12422: 12362: 12317: 12277: 12171: 12150: 12069: 11863: 11858: 11823: 11803: 11678: 11561: 11532: 11513: 10553:

work. Licensed under CC BY-SA IGO 3.0. Text taken from

9519:. Botswana Press Agency (BOPA). 26 January 2006. Archived from 8344:"International Kimberlite Conference - Host Country - Botswana" 8149:"The International Property Rights Index 2014: Africa by Score" 6809: 5916:

Rotberg, Robert I., 'Botswana: Africa’s Democratic Exception',

5473:"The Rise of a Raiding State: Makaba II's Ngwaketse, 1780–1824" 3899:

National Policy on Research, Science, Technology and Innovation

3672: 3627: 3582: 3555: 3341: 3095: 3024: 2906: 1524: 897: 889: 305: 10868: 9777: 5149:"Ancestral homeland of modern humans in Botswana, study finds" 4866:

Monaka, Kemmonye Collete; Chebanne, Anderson Monthusi (2019).

3950:. The kit developed in Botswana allows for on-site diagnosis. 13863: 13818: 13773: 13753: 13723: 13713: 13698: 13688: 13317: 12613: 12402: 12352: 12307: 12292: 12272: 12262: 12236: 12176: 12052: 12042: 12025: 11970: 11925: 11848: 11788: 11783: 9407: 5920:(New York, 2023; online edn, Oxford Academic, 19 Jan. 2023), 5918:

Overcoming the Oppressors: White and Black in Southern Africa

5635: 5398: 5280:

Denbow, James; Klehm, Carla; Dussubieux, Laure (April 2015).

4207: 4148: 3776: 3598: 3594: 3333: 3102:

and has noun classes denoted by these prefixes. They include

2567: 2480:, which flies domestically and to other countries in Africa. 1259: 753: 10519:"How democratic is Botswana after 50 years of independence?" 6729: 5583:

The Magic of Perseverance: The Autobiography of David Magang

5417:

The Magic of Perseverance: The Autobiography of David Magang

4951:"Botswanan or Batswana? It's complicated – Voices of Africa" 4457:"Masisi to Lead Botswana as Khama Steps Down After a Decade" 3626:. Madila is a traditional fermented milk product similar to 2593:

Since 2000, because of deteriorating economic conditions in

1048: 13916: 13858: 13683: 12412: 12322: 12211: 12030: 12004: 11998: 10506:"Botswana's Masisi retains presidency as BDP wins election" 8769:. Gaborone: Statistics Botswana. June 2022. pp. 3–37. 8203: 5218:

Land Filled With Flies: A Political Economy of the Kalahari

4619:"Population Distribution Structure and Density in Botswana" 4154: 3978:

Botswana International University of Science and Technology

3880:

Botswana International University of Science and Technology

3688: 3606: 3534: 2421:

that the Botswana Golf Union (BGU) maintains. In 2014, the

1839:

and the Tswana people's tribal governments. Botswana has a

1063:

It is estimated that hominids lived in Botswana during the

13595: 8728:

Addendum – The situation of indigenous peoples in Botswana

7261:"Botswana opposition groups unite to challenge ruling BDP" 5699:

Tribal Territories Act, indirect rule, chiefs and subjects

4201: 4189: 4133: 3655:

is the most popular sport in Botswana. Qualifying for the

3332:

According to the 2001 census, the nation has around 5,000

1361:

and Britain coveted the territory of Botswana. During the

9486:

Ohenhen, Regina; Imarenezor, E.P.K; Kihuha, A.N. (2013),

8966: 8025:

A History of the Global Economy. From 1500 to the Present

7206: 7061:

Mogalakwe, Monageng; Nyamnjoh, Francis (2 January 2017).

5121: 3946:

in collaboration with the Botswana Vaccine Institute and

3663:'s highest achievement to date. Other popular sports are 3563: 2133:, Ditshwanelo, was established in 1993. Until June 2019, 1884:

the president once appointed. The judiciary includes the

1785:(UNDP) claims that poverty is a major problem behind the 777: 10016:. World Intellectual Property Organization. p. 63. 7961: 7646:

Botswana Defence Force, U.S. Army Leaders Meet in Europe

6810:

Mooketsane, K.; Bodilenyane, K.; Motshekgwa, B. (2017).

6574: 5038: 2601:

has risen into the tens of thousands. Fewer than 10,000

1503:

in 1998 to take up this civilian role. On 1 April 2018,

12145: 11428:

List of countries where English is an official language

9485: 7225:

Sebudubudu, David; Botlhomilwe, Mokganedi Zara (2010).

6812:"Is decentralisation in Botswana a democratic fallacy?" 6541: 5402:. Lentswe Archaeological Consultants. 2017. p. 10. 3265:

An estimated 77% of the country's citizens identify as

908:, who constitute nearly 80 per cent of the population. 10229:"BITRI Develops Rapid Foot and Mouth Disease Test Kit" 3449:. In 2002, Botswana became the first country to offer 12877:

Southern African Development Coordination Conference

9457:"The Food of Botswana - Traditional Botswana Cuisine" 9355:"Welcome to Daily News .:. General - Birth of nation" 9042:"The first postmodern pandemic: 25 years of HIV/AIDS" 8225: 8076:"Botswana ranked Africa's leader in economic freedom" 7224: 6137:"Botswana Country Profile - National Geographic Kids" 5279: 4210: 4151: 4145: 4142: 943:

with a consistent record of uninterrupted democratic

927:

colonised the area and declared a protectorate named

919:, including modern Botswana, in several waves before 790: 10559:, 546–547, UNESCO, UNESCO Publishing. 9837:"Ministry of Education and Skills Development: Home" 7316:"President Festus Mogae: The Regent Who Became King" 4198: 4192: 4186: 4136: 4130: 4019: 3807:

to host a week-long teaching programme in May 2008.

3787:

won Botswana's first-ever Olympic gold medal at the

3779:. Botswana was the first African nation to host the 3542: 3090:

The official language of Botswana is English, while

1993:

bested its ranking). However, according to the 2024

9755: 9492:

International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

7295: 7227:"The management of elections: the case of Botswana" 6371:

Food Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

6367:"Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020, Botswana" 5994:. Southern-eagle.com. 21 March 1990. Archived from 4204: 4139: 3887:

National Policy on Research, Science and Technology

3558:are noted for their skill at crafting baskets from 347:

parliamentary republic with an executive presidency

11353: 9900:. Unevoc.unesco.org. Retrieved on 27 October 2016. 9863:"Library Partner – Botswana Ministry of Education" 9713:. Botswana National Sports Council. Archived from 9660:"Netball World Youth Cup Gaborone 2017 | NWYC2017" 8280: 7865:"Botswana Government Ministries & Authorities" 6788:, Central Intelligence Agency, 25 September 2023, 6568: 4918: 4266: 4264: 4262: 3094:is widely spoken across the country. In Setswana, 2161: 1070:It was claimed to have been the birthplace of all 990:(after South Africa). Botswana is a member of the 911:The Tswana ethnic group are descended mainly from 13334:Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention 10433:"Inside the Botswana lab that discovered Omicron" 8694:"Visit Central Kalahari Game Reserve In Botswana" 7622:. United Nations Treaty Collection. 7 July 2017. 7370:"The 2010 split of the Botswana Democratic Party" 7368:Lotshwao, Kebapetse; Suping, Kekgaoditse (2013). 7283: 7060: 4975: 4767:"Chapter: 01:04 Interpretation Act 1984 (§40(1))" 2030: 1211: 14434: 11423:List of countries by English-speaking population 10625: 9413: 8671:African Bushmen Tour U.S. to Fund Fight for Land 8405:. Botswana Golf Union. Retrieved on 19 May 2017. 7772:"Botswana bushmen: Modern life is destroying us" 6951:Botlhale, Emmanuel; Lotshwao, Kebapetse (2013). 6950: 5798:"Botswana: Late British colonialism (1945–1966)" 2359: 1630: 13375:African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights 7917:Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA 7002:Beaulier, Scott A.; Subrick, J. Robert (2006). 7001: 6517:"Botswana, US sign 'Debt-for-Nature' agreement" 5220:. Chicago: Chicago University Press, pp. 71–5. 5172: 4259: 3585:, pounded meat made from goat meat or beef, or 3445:The country has been adversely affected by the 3301:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 3279:United Congregational Church of Southern Africa 1997:, Botswana has been experiencing an episode of 470:581,730 km (224,610 sq mi) ( 12901:Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa 10259:"Botswana takes part in revolutionary mission" 9545:. Botswana Press Agency (BOPA). Archived from 7367: 5117:"Origin of modern humans 'traced to Botswana'" 5018:Morton, F.; Ramsay, J. and Mgadla, T. (2008). 4917:Bolaane, Maitseo; Mgadla, Part Themba (1997). 4865: 3348:. Approximately 20% of citizens identify with 2489:industries. Botswana's power stations include 1906:compete in elections, but it is effectually a 1894:are held every five years and overseen by the 1569:, which covers up to 70% of its land surface. 1258:, who led a Batswana Merafe Coalition against 14301:Companies and Intellectual Property Authority 14141: 13581: 12930: 12702: 12131: 11328: 10889: 10663:Denbow, James & Thebe, Phenyo C. (2006). 10618:Colclough, Christopher and Stephen McCarthy. 10285:"Satellite technology development giant leap" 8047: 7794: 7402: 6018:"A25DX - A25RJ Botswana - News - Information" 4916: 4868:"Setswana and the Building of a Nation State" 14468:Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations 14281:Botswana Communications Regulatory Authority 14096:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 14091:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 13370:African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 12517:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 11616:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 11473:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 10681:Edge, Wayne A. and Mogopodi H. Lekorwe eds. 10549: This article incorporates text from a 9600:"Letsile TEBOGO | Profile | World Athletics" 8725: 6891:"How many bicameral legislatures are there?" 6644:"Botswana villages fighting desertification" 6511: 6509: 6507: 6227:"Crossing a River Where Four Countries Meet" 6114:, Central Intelligence Agency, 22 May 2024, 5032: 4649: 4647: 4645: 4643: 2344:in 2002 and 2003, and a negligible level of 2083:treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons 109: 94: 39: 14117:Commonwealth Secretariat – Member Countries 10556:UNESCO Science Report: Towards 2030 10465: 9801: 9799: 8151:. The International Property Rights Index. 8027:. Cambridge University Press. p. 159. 8022: 7212: 3122:Other languages spoken in Botswana include 2225:Botswana is divided into 10 administrative 2194: 2077:(BDF) was formed in 1977. The president is 1270:-based merchants opened up and enabled the 14473:States and territories established in 1966 14155: 14148: 14134: 13588: 13574: 13178:African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights 12937: 12923: 12709: 12695: 12138: 12124: 11342: 11335: 11321: 10896: 10882: 10342:"Botswana opens first tech assembly plant" 10316:"Botswana Launches National Space Program" 10166: 10013:Global Innovation Index 2023, 15th Edition 9930:"Scholarship Funding to Study in Botswana" 9886: 9884: 9839:. Moe.gov.bw. 27 July 2011. Archived from 9253:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 9017:. Union for International Cancer Control. 8760:"POPULATION OF CITIES, TOWNS AND VILLAGES" 8476:"Ministry of Transport and Communications" 6455:. IS: Rala. pp. 61–64. Archived from 6443: 6441: 5601: 5497: 5373:Rethinking Heritage Management in Botswana 3795:, finishing with a time of 19.46 seconds. 3478:and the Botswana–UPenn Partnership of the 3425:Like elsewhere in Sub-Saharan Africa, the 2322:Ministry of Trade and Industry of Botswana 1793: 1476:in South Africa, to the newly established 148: 138: 9974:. Paris: UNESCO. 2015. pp. 546–547. 9057: 9033: 8721: 8719: 8550: 8244: 7403:Seabo, Batlang; Nyenhuis, Robert (2021). 7374:Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies 7185: 7126: 7095: 7078: 6619: 6601: 6504: 4640: 4424: 4406: 3863: 3695:. Botswana is an associate member of the 2328:throughout the country. According to the 1669:has the world's largest concentration of 1434:, and South Africa's withdrawal from the 1323:were able to take advantage of this. The 652: 14483:Republics in the Commonwealth of Nations 14358:Directorate of Intelligence and Security 14176:Communications, Knowledge and Technology 9796: 9138:"Botswana's high-stakes assault on AIDS" 9135: 9039: 8848:"What Languages Are Spoken In Botswana?" 7857: 7766: 7764: 7762: 7600:Republic of Botswana – Government portal 6864:Commonwealth Journal of Local Governance 6386:"Top 10 Tourist Attractions In Botswana" 6260:"Botswana | African Wildlife Foundation" 5710: 5674: 5343:"Toutswemogala Hill Iron Age Settlement" 3963: 3873: 3826: 3641: 3421:has caused a decline in life expectancy. 3412: 3363: 2584: 2369: 2304:GDP per capita of Botswana, 1950 to 2018 2299: 2216: 2208: 2191:in education and other critical areas." 2152: 2044: 1807: 1640: 1571: 1548: 1444: 1393: 1250: 1221: 1047: 143: 9881: 9772: 9770: 9310: 9187:"Mogae shifts stress to HIV prevention" 9110:. Geneva: UN AIDS. 2014. Archived from 9099: 9097: 9095: 9093: 9091: 9089: 9087: 9085: 8897: 8895: 8871: 8869: 8175:"RANKED: World's richest diamond mines" 7609:. Gov.bw. Retrieved on 27 October 2016. 7363: 7361: 7133:Journal of Contemporary African Studies 7067:Journal of Contemporary African Studies 6438: 5792: 5790: 5741:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 5369:"From Monuments to Cultural Landscapes" 5366: 4785: 3831:Botswana Ministry of Education building 1266:During the 1840s and 1850s, trade with 1164:, moved into the southern areas of the 14: 14435: 14231:Local Government and Rural Development 12718:Southern African Development Community 11402:English in the Commonwealth of Nations 10860:Key Development Forecasts for Botswana 10516: 10313: 10138:"Solar Powered Hearing Aids, Botswana" 9961: 9959: 9957: 9955: 9761: 9567: 9184: 8716: 8651:from the original on 25 September 2023 8374:"Home | Botswana Tourism Organisation" 8250: 8100: 7829: 7827: 7825: 7823: 7732: 7313: 7307: 7127:Mogalakwe, Monageng (2 January 2015). 6946: 6944: 6888: 6857: 6669: 6667: 6665: 6636: 6321:"Too many elephants in African parks?" 6254: 6252: 5551: 5524: 5337: 5335: 5236: 4925:. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 4674:"HDR23-24 Summary (Specifically IHDI)" 3791:after finishing in first place in the 2221:Districts and subdistricts of Botswana 1757:million in 1995, a 161% increase in 24 1200:occupied areas to the west, while the 1014:The country's name means "Land of the 996:Southern African Development Community 14129: 13569: 13327:Specialised agencies and institutions 12918: 12690: 12119: 11368: 11316: 11303: 10903: 10877: 10605: 10571:Botswana's Top50 Ultimate Experiences 10503: 10484: 10443:from the original on 14 December 2021 10430: 10314:Africa, Space in (23 December 2020). 10265:from the original on 24 November 2020 10199:"Hardy breed named Musi at unveiling" 9869:from the original on 3 September 2011 9743:from the original on 27 February 2008 9427:"An Introduction to Bushman Rock Art" 8854:from the original on 21 February 2024 7845:from the original on 23 February 2024 7835:"Administrative Division of Botswana" 7759: 7568: 7465:from the original on 14 February 2024 7301: 7289: 7271:from the original on 14 November 2022 7122: 7120: 6983:from the original on 13 February 2024 6853: 6851: 6849: 6725: 6723: 6721: 6706:from the original on 14 November 2022 6383: 5933: 5750: 5643:from the original on 24 November 2020 4826: 4824: 4308: 4306: 4304: 4302: 4300: 4235: 1941:and vice-president (later president) 1462:at independence talks in London, 1965 1430:government in 1948, which instituted 1301:defeated Afrikaner incursions at the 935:, Bechuanaland became an independent 14296:Civil Aviation Authority of Botswana 14286:Botswana Energy Regulatory Authority 13076:Permanent Representatives' Committee 11304: 10784:Tlou, Thomas, and Alec C. Campbell. 10688: 10587:"An African Success Story: Botswana" 10517:Dionne, Kim Yi (30 September 2016). 10468:Botswana – A Modern Economic History 10466:Hillbom, Ellen; Bolt, Jutta (2018). 10239:from the original on 10 January 2019 10209:from the original on 10 January 2019 10038:from the original on 18 January 2024 10009: 9767: 9365:from the original on 26 January 2020 9166:from the original on 13 January 2023 9082: 8943:from the original on 8 February 2024 8925: 8892: 8866: 8828:from the original on 3 February 2024 8796:"Culture and Traditions of Botswana" 8704:from the original on 27 October 2020 8669:Lovgren, Stefan (14 September 2004) 8538:from the original on 28 October 2020 8508:from the original on 21 January 2019 8456:from the original on 22 October 2023 8384:from the original on 24 January 2024 8232:from the original on 9 February 2008 8155:from the original on 8 December 2015 8056:from the original on 15 January 2010 7913:"Botswana, administrative divisions" 7581:from the original on 11 January 2012 7550:from the original on 31 October 2022 7396: 7358: 7186:Somolekae, Gloria (1 January 2005). 6858:Sharma, Keshav C. (23 August 2020). 6792:from the original on 8 February 2024 6762:from the original on 13 October 2023 6650:from the original on 2 November 2009 6523:from the original on 1 December 2009 6416:"Central Botswana | Botswana Safari" 6118:from the original on 8 February 2024 5898:from the original on 3 November 2016 5787: 5719:from the original on 28 October 2021 5435: 5097:from the original on 29 October 2019 4953:. Voices of Africa. 17 August 2015. 4943: 4738:United Nations Development Programme 4731:"Human Development Report 2023/2024" 4513:Total Country Area ('000)ha / 58 173 4282:from the original on 22 October 2023 3773:4 × 400 metres relay at the Olympics 3402: 2589:Population pyramid of Botswana, 2016 2539:at 3%. The remaining 7% consists of 2067:Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army 1783:United Nations Development Programme 1774:of the land. The country had a 2018 14478:Member states of the United Nations 13485:Single African Air Transport Market 13480:African Continental Free Trade Area 10608:Journal of Southern African Affairs 10489:. McGill-Queen's University Press. 10412:from the original on 9 January 2019 10322:from the original on 2 January 2021 10169:"Dept pleads for marketing of Musi" 10167:Kgathileng, Tebogo (27 July 2015). 10148:from the original on 9 January 2019 10118:from the original on 9 January 2019 9968:UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030 9952: 9467:from the original on 6 January 2023 8776:from the original on 9 October 2022 8740:from the original on 6 October 2018 8558:"Botswana - energy sector overview" 8268:from the original on 29 August 2011 8226:"The Government of Botswana – Home" 8082:from the original on 22 August 2017 7893:from the original on 12 August 2011 7875: 7820: 7346:from the original on 3 October 2023 7054: 6995: 6941: 6889:Norton, Philip (21 December 2004). 6774: 6662: 6318: 6249: 5862:British Pathé historical collection 5479:from the original on 16 August 2020 5332: 4957:from the original on 6 January 2018 4711:from the original on 12 August 2022 4702: 4569:from the original on 9 October 2022 4000:. Ditec specialises in customising 2644:Largest cities or towns in Botswana 2626:United Nations Human Rights Council 2605:are still living their traditional 2185:UN Special Rapporteur on Minorities 2023:. Botswana is also a member of the 1519:was the subject of a ruling by the 24: 14463:Member states of the African Union 11352: 10562: 10539: 10372:"Almaz enters Botswana ICT sector" 10295:from the original on 15 April 2021 9991:from the original on 22 March 2017 9610:from the original on 18 April 2024 9494:, vol. 2 (2) (2013) 170–175, 9395:from the original on 21 March 2020 9259:from the original on 29 March 2023 9203:from the original on 29 March 2023 9136:Rollnick, Roman (September 2002). 8913:from the original on 31 March 2022 8802:from the original on 21 April 2024 8767:POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS 2022 8324:from the original on 13 March 2024 8294:from the original on 27 April 2009 8256:"Diamonds are Forever in Botswana" 7974:from the original on 26 March 2023 7782:from the original on 25 March 2016 7626:from the original on 6 August 2019 7218: 7117: 6895:The Journal of Legislative Studies 6882: 6846: 6803: 6718: 6447: 5628: 5470: 5129:from the original on 15 April 2024 5000:from the original on 17 April 2024 4821: 4747:from the original on 13 March 2024 4503:from the original on 17 March 2023 4297: 3917:(lasting up to three years) and a 3870:Science and technology in Botswana 3769:2022 World Athletics Championships 3701:International Badminton Federation 3699:. Botswana became a member of the 2348:. It earned the highest sovereign 1850:consists of the President and the 1701:located in the Kalahari Desert in 25: 14509: 13971:Heard Island and McDonald Islands 12944: 11369: 10869:Government Directory for Botswana 10793: 10727:Journal of Modern African Studies 10691:Journal of Modern African Studies 10685:(Pretoria: J.L. van Schaik, 1998) 10667:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. 10084:. 28 October 2013. Archived from 9817:from the original on 1 April 2023 9784:from the original on 25 July 2008 9778:"UNESCO Institute for Statistics" 9568:Ramsay, George (4 October 2022). 9229:from the original on 31 July 2022 8482:from the original on 29 July 2018 8426:from the original on 26 July 2018 8004:from the original on 20 July 2019 7733:Tshosa, Onkemetse (25 May 2021). 7714:from the original on 11 June 2019 7644:Pounds, Lance (14 December 2015) 7501:from the original on 7 March 2024 6816:African Journal of Public Affairs 6207:from the original on 27 June 2016 5972:from the original on 7 March 2021 5367:Dichaba, Tsholofelo Sele (2009). 5020:Historical Dictionary of Botswana 4898:from the original on 7 April 2023 4809:from the original on 26 July 2019 4467:from the original on 1 April 2018 3468:Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation 2432: 2053:plane to Mozambique in July 2021. 1645:Zebras roaming the Okavango Basin 970:. Botswana has a per capita GDP ( 14498:Former least developed countries 14291:Botswana Unified Revenue Service 14264: 14256:Youth, Gender, Sport and Culture 14186:Education and Skills Development 13814:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 13550: 13549: 13400:African Union–Ethiopia relations 13081:Specialized Technical Committees 12743:Democratic Republic of the Congo 12668: 12657: 12656: 12464:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 12441: 12222:Democratic Republic of the Congo 11596:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 10943: 10844: 10834: 10718:Good, Kenneth (September 1994). 10544: 10504:Benza, Brian (25 October 2019). 10424: 10394: 10364: 10334: 10307: 10277: 10251: 10221: 10191: 10179:from the original on 20 May 2020 10160: 10130: 10100: 10070: 10003: 9940:from the original on 1 June 2024 9922: 9910:Botswana brings back school fees 9903: 9891:UNESCO-UNEVOC's Botswana profile 9855: 9829: 9729: 9703: 9678: 9666:from the original on 4 June 2024 9652: 9640:from the original on 31 May 2024 9622: 9592: 9580:from the original on 1 July 2024 9561: 9535: 9509: 9498:from the original on 4 June 2024 9479: 9449: 9437:from the original on 4 June 2024 9419: 9377: 9347: 9313:South African Historical Journal 9304: 9293:from the original on 1 June 2013 9271: 9241: 9215: 9178: 9129: 9059:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01910.x 9021:from the original on 28 May 2013 9015:"Cancer Association of Botswana" 8995:from the original on 9 July 2011 8981: 8955: 8840: 8814: 8788: 8752: 8686: 8663: 8633: 8621:from the original on 31 May 2024 8601: 8573: 8520: 8494: 8468: 8438: 8408: 8396: 8366: 8354:from the original on 31 May 2024 8336: 8306: 8218: 8192: 8167: 8141: 8129:from the original on 4 June 2024 8094: 8068: 8041: 8016: 7986: 7955: 7941:US Department of State website, 7935: 7923:from the original on 1 June 2024 7905: 7808:from the original on 4 June 2024 7747:from the original on 25 May 2021 7726: 7695: 7675: 7658: 7638: 7612: 7593: 7562: 7532: 7513: 7477: 7447: 7435:from the original on 4 June 2024 7384:from the original on 4 June 2024 7241:from the original on 4 June 2024 7194:from the original on 1 June 2023 7167:from the original on 4 June 2024 7042:from the original on 4 June 2024 7008:Constitutional Political Economy 6929:from the original on 4 June 2024 6870:from the original on 4 June 2024 6834:from the original on 4 June 2024 6426:from the original on 31 May 2024 6396:from the original on 31 May 2023 6331:from the original on 31 May 2024 6300:from the original on 4 June 2024 6270:from the original on 31 May 2024 6237:from the original on 31 May 2024 6177:from the original on 4 June 2024 6147:from the original on 31 May 2024 6088:from the original on 31 May 2024 6058:from the original on 31 May 2024 6028:from the original on 31 May 2024 5942:from the original on 6 June 2024 5868:from the original on 4 June 2024 5838:from the original on 2 June 2024 5753:The International History Review 5631:"The Guns of Khutiyabasadi (II)" 5554:South African Historical Journal 5527:South African Historical Journal 5320:from the original on 24 May 2019 4982:South African Journal of Science 4684:from the original on 21 May 2024 4599:from the original on 1 July 2024 4182: 4126: 4036: 4022: 3511: 3500: 2754: 2711: 2701: 2452: 2441: 2394:avoid overreliance on diamonds. 2131:Botswana Centre for Human Rights 1896:Independent Electoral Commission 1776:Forest Landscape Integrity Index 1523:in December 1999. It ruled that 1505:Mokgweetsi Eric Keabetswe Masisi 1122: 1111: 976:gross national income per capita 677: 676: 651: 629: 628: 610: 609: 577: 576: 558: 557: 119: 74: 60: 14488:1966 establishments in Botswana 12885:Southern African Customs Union 11392:History of the English language 10665:Culture and Customs of Botswana 10622:(Oxford University Press, 1980) 10431:Flood, Zoe (14 December 2021). 9807:"Literacy - The World Factbook" 9185:Powell, Alvin (16 April 2009). 8446:"About Our Country § Transport" 7701: 7253: 7179: 6535: 6492:from the original on 1 May 2024 6474: 6408: 6377: 6359: 6343: 6312: 6282: 6219: 6189: 6159: 6129: 6100: 6070: 6040: 6010: 5984: 5954: 5927: 5910: 5880: 5850: 5832:clintonwhitehouse3.archives.gov 5820: 5744: 5731: 5704: 5691: 5668: 5655: 5622: 5595: 5585:. Cape Town: CASAS, pp. 28–38. 5572: 5545: 5518: 5491: 5464: 5429: 5419:. Cape Town: CASAS, pp. 10–14; 5406: 5383: 5360: 5273: 5230: 5210: 5166: 5141: 5109: 5012: 4969: 4910: 4859: 4759: 4723: 4696: 4666: 4611: 4581: 4518: 4221: 4110: 4057:List of Botswana-related topics 3948:Canadian Food Inspection Agency 3891:Tenth National Development Plan 3593:Examples of Botswana food are: 3476:Harvard School of Public Health 3472:Botswana–Harvard AIDS Institute 3106:, which refers to the country, 2516: 2162:San and other indigenous tribes 2118: 1987:Democracy Index (The Economist) 1707:Makgadikgadi Pans National Park 1565:. Botswana is dominated by the 1466: 1398:Postage stamp of British-ruled 14041:British Indian Ocean Territory 13950:Australian Antarctic Territory 10683:Botswana: Politics and Society 10459: 9225:. Brazzaville: UN AIDS. 2021. 8822:"South African History Online" 8564:. 22 June 2012. Archived from 8202:. 20 July 2007. Archived from 8048:Kästle, Klaus (24 July 2009). 7952:, May 2009. Retrieved 7–23–09. 7569:Parks, Michael (20 May 1986). 5665:. Portsmouth, N.H.: Heinemann. 5239:The Journal of African History 4769:. 20 July 1984. Archived from 4740:. 13 March 2024. p. 275. 4479: 4449: 4400: 4365: 4337: 4237:[lɪˈfatsʰɪlabʊˈtswana] 4089: 4069: 3968:Cubesat miniaturized satellite 3841:Botswana Ministry of Education 3392:Cancer Association of Botswana 3110:, which refers to the people, 2334:high level of economic freedom 2031:Foreign relations and military 1924:Umbrella for Democratic Change 1521:International Court of Justice 1342: 1212:Mfecane and Batswana-Boer Wars 1043: 992:Southern African Customs Union 525:4.1/km (10.6/sq mi) ( 13: 1: 14306:Office of the Auditor General 13532:United States of Latin Africa 13226:Rural Economy and Agriculture 13003:Organisation of African Unity 9919:. BBC News (11 January 2006). 9865:. Africanlibraryproject.org. 8609:"Botswana U-PENN Partnership" 8534:. Gaborone. 3 December 2017. 7188:Political Parties in Botswana 7145:10.1080/02589001.2015.1021210 7103:"The Hierarchy of the Courts" 7080:10.1080/02589001.2017.1286636 6450:"Desertification in Botswana" 6384:Bunge, Bianca (31 May 2021). 5992:"Namibia General Information" 5936:"Seretse Khama (1921-1980) •" 5934:Zuber, David (4 April 2022). 5765:10.1080/07075332.1980.9640222 5711:Morton, Barry; Ramsay, Jeff. 5675:Morton, Barry; Ramsay, Jeff. 4247: 3697:International Cricket Council 3396:non-governmental organisation 3369:Scottish Livingstone Hospital 2622:Central Kalahari Game Reserve 2360:Gemstones and precious metals 2324:is responsible for promoting 2213:Districts of Botswana in 1977 2037:Foreign relations of Botswana 1699:Central Kalahari Game Reserve 1631:Biodiversity and conservation 1555:Köppen climate classification 1018:", referring to the dominant 917:migrated into southern Africa 14251:Transport and Communications 14191:Ministry of Entrepreneurship 13389:United States military bases 13385:United States Africa Command 11640:United States Virgin Islands 9711:"Botswana Bridge Federation" 9543:"Opinion the Academic World" 9414:Cunningham & Milton 1987 9325:10.1080/02582473.2014.898081 8726:Anaya, James (2 June 2010). 5347:UNESCO World Heritage Centre 5196:10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.04.006 4407:Selolwane, Onalenna (2002). 4252: 3810: 3138:, Yeyi, and, in some parts, 3075: 2073:bases respectively that the 1934:being re-elected president. 1693:The Chobe National Park and 1530: 1385:British South Africa Company 1052:The 'Two Rhino' painting at 1009: 962:The economy is dominated by 953:Corruption Perceptions Index 884:to the south and southeast, 117:"Blessed Be This Noble Land" 7: 14332:Water Utilities Corporation 14035:British Antarctic Territory 13944:Ashmore and Cartier Islands 13216:HR, Sciences and Technology 10849:Geographic data related to 10840:Wikimedia Atlas of Botswana 10810:Central Intelligence Agency 10569:Charles, Thalefang (2016). 9934:www.collegescholarships.org 8591:Central Intelligence Agency 7519:Transparency International 7494:. pp. 14, 16, 21, 28. 7459:Economist Intelligence Unit 6907:10.1080/1357233042000322436 6290:"African wild dog | Canids" 4872:Anthropological Linguistics 4842:Central Intelligence Agency 4536:Central Intelligence Agency 4413:African Sociological Review 4383:Central Intelligence Agency 4355:Central Intelligence Agency 4324:Central Intelligence Agency 4015: 3767:with a time of 9.94 at the 3705:Africa Badminton Federation 3543: 3518:Folklore musician Sereetsi 3145: 3114:, which is one person, and 2366:Mining industry of Botswana 2330:International Monetary Fund 1898:(IEC). Botswana operates a 1083:peoples. Both groups speak 10: 14514: 14448:Southern African countries 14372:Law Enforcement and Prison 14327:Botswana Power Corporation 13470:African Economic Community 13275:Peace and Security Council 12982:African and Malagasy Union 11357:English speaking countries 10788:(Macmillan Botswana, 1984) 10573:. Mmegi Publishing House. 9517:"Sparks to fly at Diamond" 8989:"World Bank Botswana Data" 8107:. : Lulu Com. p. 66. 7529:. Retrieved 12 April 2024. 7320:Botswana Notes and Records 6957:Botswana Notes and Records 6603:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 5962:"Botswana country profile" 5604:Botswana Notes and Records 5500:Botswana Notes and Records 5438:Botswana Notes and Records 5176:Journal of Human Evolution 5022:. Scarecrow Press, p. 34; 4798:Collins English Dictionary 4707:(Report). United Nations. 3867: 3820: 3814: 3657:2012 Africa Cup of Nations 3647:Obed Itani Chilume Stadium 3576: 3489: 3485: 3480:University of Pennsylvania 3406: 3149: 3079: 2753: 2700: 2635: 2550:Native groups include the 2520: 2401: 2397: 2363: 2293: 2289: 2198: 2122: 2049:Botswana soldiers board a 2034: 2010:Transparency International 1797: 1634: 1545:Climate Change in Botswana 1534: 1346: 1293:. In 1852, a coalition of 1274:chiefdoms to rebuild. The 1215: 1058:UNESCO World Heritage Site 1036: 1032: 957:Transparency International 27:Country in Southern Africa 14371: 14351:Military and Intelligence 14350: 14319: 14273: 14262: 14163: 14113: 14009: 13984: 13934: 13925: 13902: 13607: 13545: 13514: 13493: 13445: 13408: 13395:United States ambassadors 13355: 13346: 13326: 13273: 13247: 13211:Social Affairs and Health 13206:Infrastructure and Energy 13186: 13168: 13140: 13107: 13089: 13066: 13057: 13024: 12952: 12869: 12839: 12818: 12811: 12725: 12652: 12632: 12601: 12580: 12559: 12538: 12527: 12511: 12495: 12482: 12450: 12439: 12157: 12147:Countries and territories 12091: 11979: 11949: 11895: 11877: 11756: 11743: 11734: 11693: 11649: 11482: 11462: 11449: 11440: 11436: 11415: 11379: 11375: 11364: 11350: 11310: 11259: 11192: 11144: 11135: 11080: 11071: 11007: 10998: 10961: 10952: 10941: 10930:Bechuanaland Protectorate 10915: 10739:10.1017/S0022278X00015202 10703:10.1017/S0022278X00007734 10078:"Global Innovation Index" 8378:www.botswanatourism.co.bw 8078:. mmegi.bw. 19 May 2017. 7943:Background Note: Botswana 7666:"2024 Global Peace Index" 7020:10.1007/s10602-006-0002-x 5727:– via academia.edu. 5687:– via academia.edu. 5566:10.1080/02582479708671276 5539:10.1080/02582479708671276 5251:10.1017/S0021853700029170 5075:10.1038/s41586-019-1714-1 3637: 3355: 3256: 3246: 3241: 3231: 3226: 3216: 3211: 3201: 3196: 3186: 3177: 3172: 3160: 2205:Sub-districts of Botswana 2096:, and supporting foreign 1912:Botswana Democratic Party 1864:, who serves as both the 1724:Botswana faces two major 1509:Botswana Democratic Party 1349:Bechuanaland Protectorate 1329:London Missionary Society 1208:, probably in the 1790s. 949:Botswana Democratic Party 900:, Botswana is one of the 848: 835: 822: 811: 806: 783: 771: 759: 747: 737: 729: 711: 696: 666: 641: 622: 603: 589: 570: 551: 533: 519: 509: 495: 488: 478: 464: 457: 453: 439: 435: 421: 405: 401: 390:National Assembly Speaker 386: 371: 356: 352: 339: 320: 262: 225: 215: 205: 161: 135: 104: 90: 56: 34: 14101:Turks and Caicos Islands 13170:African Court of Justice 12967:Decolonisation of Africa 12207:Central African Republic 12037:Northern Mariana Islands 11628:Turks and Caicos Islands 10780:– via harvard.edu. 10485:Leith, J. Clark (2005). 9780:. Stats.uis.unesco.org. 9739:. English Bridge Union. 9431:VISIONARY ART EXHIBITION 8881:16 December 2013 at the 8682:National Geographic News 8597:(Archived 2022 edition.) 8288:"Botswana Country Brief" 8101:Mugoti, Godfrey (2009). 7688:18 February 2018 at the 7314:Ntuane, Botsalo (2018). 5924:, accessed 11 June 2024. 4855:(Archived 2007 edition.) 4396:(Archived 2019 edition.) 4361:(Archived 2022 edition.) 4062: 3903:research and development 3382:throughout the country. 2523:Demographics of Botswana 2495:Morupule A Power Station 2491:Morupule B Power Station 2465:and Thapama Interchange 2195:Administrative divisions 2125:Human rights in Botswana 1829:Constitution of Botswana 1768:United States Government 1020:ethnic group in Botswana 933:Decolonisation of Africa 14384:Botswana Prison Service 14379:Botswana Police Service 14337:Botswana Fibre Networks 14226:Lands and Water Affairs 14221:Labour and Home Affairs 14196:Environment and Tourism 13961:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 13601:Commonwealth of Nations 13537:East African Federation 13527:United States of Africa 13265:African Investment Bank 11913:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 9915:3 February 2006 at the 7525:4 February 2023 at the 7485:"V-Dem Democracy Index" 7213:Hillbom & Bolt 2018 6549:. UNCCD. Archived from 5888:"Fireworks at Midnight" 3907:Global Innovation Index 3845:African Library Project 3781:Netball World Youth Cup 3715:won Botswana its first 3522:and traditional basket 3427:economic impact of AIDS 3134:, Kgalagadi, Tswapong, 2599:Zimbabweans in Botswana 2507:Mmamabula Power Station 2503:Phakalane Power Station 2415:Mokolodi Nature Reserve 2315:purchasing power parity 2183:On 24 August 2018, the 2166:Many of the indigenous 2108:) base in the country. 2094:preparing for disasters 2025:Commonwealth of Nations 1995:V-Dem Democracy Indices 1794:Government and politics 1314:Battle of Khutiyabasadi 1136:and clay pottery plate 1000:Commonwealth of Nations 984:Human Development Index 982:and the second-highest 972:purchasing power parity 902:most sparsely populated 888:to the west and north, 511:• 2022 census 345:Unitary dominant-party 206:Official languages 14363:Botswana Defence Force 14157:Government of Botswana 14046:British Virgin Islands 13248:Financial institutions 13239:Cross-Cutting Programs 13142:Pan-African Parliament 11527:British Virgin Islands 11387:English-speaking world 11358: 11344:English-speaking world 10487:Why Botswana Prospered 10470:. Palgrave Macmillan. 9737:"English Bridge Union" 8903:"Health and nutrition" 8450:Government of Botswana 7455:"Democracy Index 2023" 7409:African Studies Review 7107:Government of Botswana 4994:10520/AJA00382353_5386 4426:10.4314/asr.v6i1.23203 4232: 4121: 3969: 3955:Square Kilometre Array 3944:foot-and-mouth disease 3915:rechargeable batteries 3882: 3878:Physicist in a lab at 3864:Science and technology 3858:University of Botswana 3849:Government of Botswana 3832: 3649: 3422: 3375: 3317:Seventh-day Adventists 2590: 2379: 2378:, richest in the world 2340:, despite consecutive 2305: 2222: 2214: 2158: 2075:Botswana Defence Force 2054: 2051:Botswana Defence Force 2041:Botswana Defence Force 1999:democratic backsliding 1973:and Jacob Nkate. When 1904:many political parties 1886:High Court of Botswana 1848:Parliament of Botswana 1841:centralised government 1825:parliamentary republic 1820: 1804:Government of Botswana 1711:Nxai Pan National Park 1646: 1580: 1557: 1501:Botswana Defence Force 1463: 1403: 1263: 1231: 1060: 941:parliamentary republic 913:Bantu-speaking peoples 562:$ 54.647 billion ( 110: 95: 40: 18:Television in Botswana 14019:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 13927:Dependent territories 13804:Saint Kitts and Nevis 13288:African Standby Force 13260:African Monetary Fund 12893:Common Monetary Area 12368:São Tomé and Príncipe 12227:Republic of the Congo 11965:Akrotiri and Dhekelia 11586:Saint Kitts and Nevis 11356: 10864:International Futures 10233:rapidmicromethods.com 9896:16 April 2014 at the 9280:World AIDS Day Report 9255:. 30 September 2022. 9040:Kallings, LO (2008). 8676:8 August 2016 at the 8314:"Letlhakane Overview" 8200:"Department of Mines" 8052:. Nationsonline.org. 6582:Nature Communications 4705:Specific country data 4663:Retrieved 30 May 2024 3967: 3877: 3830: 3823:Education in Botswana 3645: 3581:The national dish is 3451:anti-retroviral drugs 3416: 3367: 3307:Dutch Reformed Church 3082:Languages of Botswana 2588: 2373: 2311:gross national income 2303: 2220: 2212: 2201:Districts of Botswana 2156: 2048: 1892:Elections in Botswana 1862:President of Botswana 1817:President of Botswana 1811: 1644: 1575: 1552: 1537:Geography of Botswana 1527:belongs to Botswana. 1448: 1408:Union of South Africa 1397: 1254: 1225: 1051: 937:Commonwealth republic 614:$ 21.90 billion ( 480:• Water (%) 14458:Landlocked countries 14181:Defense and Security 13679:Eswatini (Swaziland) 13255:African Central Bank 11184:World Heritage Sites 10601:– via mit.edu. 10291:. 20 December 2020. 10235:. 20 December 2016. 9359:www.dailynews.gov.bw 8963:"Ministry of Health" 8206:on 10 September 2013 8023:Baten, Jörg (2016). 7883:"Botswana Districts" 7651:18 July 2017 at the 7113:on 18 February 2011. 6319:Moseley, William G. 6078:"Where is Botswana?" 5298:10.15184/aqy.2014.50 4593:www.statsbots.org.bw 4357:. 14 September 2022. 4233:Lefatshe la Botswana 3805:English Bridge Union 3783:. On 8 August 2024, 3409:HIV/AIDS in Botswana 3162:Religion in Botswana 3152:Religion in Botswana 2648:Census Botswana 2022 2543:/European Batswana, 2376:Jwaneng diamond mine 2326:business development 2063:South African armies 1963:Ponatshego Kedikilwe 1800:Politics of Botswana 1637:Wildlife of Botswana 880:. It is bordered by 866:Republic of Botswana 497:• 2023 estimate 441:• Established ( 41:Lefatshe la Botswana 36:Republic of Botswana 14493:Countries in Africa 14419:24.6583°S 25.9083°E 14415: / 14311:Statistics Botswana 14236:Minerals and Energy 13869:Trinidad and Tobago 13619:Antigua and Barbuda 12840:Secretaries-General 12624:Plazas de soberanía 12528:African territories 12468:unclear sovereignty 12453:States with limited 11622:Trinidad and Tobago 11499:Antigua and Barbuda 10976:Reservoirs and dams 10935:History of Gaborone 10786:History of Botswana 10640:1987EcBot..41..386C 10524:The Washington Post 10289:Botswana Daily News 10173:Botswana Daily News 10088:on 2 September 2021 10022:10.34667/tind.46596 9717:on 27 February 2008 9690:www.nbcolympics.com 8887:Pew Research Center 8568:on 21 January 2019. 8502:"Botswana Railways" 8228:. 9 February 2008. 7948:4 June 2019 at the 7683:Ditshwanelo Website 7605:6 July 2011 at the 7421:10.1017/asr.2021.69 7267:. 3 February 2017. 6828:10520/EJC-6a061f80d 6594:2020NatCo..11.5978G 5892:Britishempire.co.uk 5737:Parsons, N. (1998) 5216:Wilmsen, E. (1989) 5188:2014JHumE..75..153S 5125:. 28 October 2019. 5067:2019Natur.575..185C 4659:2 June 2024 at the 4272:"About Our Country" 4052:Outline of Botswana 3789:2024 Paris Olympics 3761:world junior record 3709:Botswana Golf Union 3549:Fatshe leno la rona 3492:Culture of Botswana 3322:Jehovah's Witnesses 2499:Orapa Power Station 2427:World Heritage Site 2404:Tourism in Botswana 2296:Economy of Botswana 2003:electoral autocracy 1969:faction was led by 1953:faction was led by 1910:state in which the 1695:Moremi Game Reserve 1663:Chobe National Park 1541:Climate of Botswana 1355:Scramble for Africa 1146:It is unclear when 1039:History of Botswana 723:Central Africa Time 332:Motswana (singular) 190:24.6583°S 25.9083°E 186: / 112:Fatshe leno la rona 14246:Trade and Industry 13506:African Border Day 13221:Trade and Industry 13196:Peace and Security 13188:ECOSOCC Committees 13122:Deputy Chairperson 12532:non-African states 11359: 11108:Telecommunications 10805:The World Factbook 10648:10.1007/BF02859055 10352:on 10 January 2019 9604:worldathletics.org 9523:on 14 January 2009 9461:www.botswana.co.za 9197:Harvard University 8969:on 24 October 2017 8698:Kubwa Five Safaris 8586:The World Factbook 8261:The New York Times 7804:. United Nations. 7778:. 7 January 2014. 7655:. U.S. Army Africa 7540:"Member countries" 6786:The World Factbook 6462:on 10 October 2010 6112:The World Factbook 6082:www.botswana.co.za 5661:Landau, P. (1995) 4837:The World Factbook 4628:. 2022. p. 12 4531:The World Factbook 4378:The World Factbook 4350:The World Factbook 4319:The World Factbook 4122:Land of the Tswana 4004:-powered devices. 3982:University of Oulu 3970: 3883: 3833: 3650: 3601:(maize porridge), 3423: 3376: 2591: 2380: 2306: 2223: 2215: 2189:minority languages 2159: 2148:Capital punishment 2113:Global Peace Index 2079:commander-in-chief 2055: 1900:multi-party system 1870:head of government 1837:Westminster system 1821: 1647: 1623:at a place called 1581: 1558: 1464: 1404: 1264: 1232: 1185:Toutswemogala Hill 1061: 988:Sub-Saharan Africa 980:standard of living 923:600. In 1885, the 870:landlocked country 599:2024 estimate 547:2024 estimate 227:Ethnic groups 154:Show map of Africa 14424:-24.6583; 25.9083 14398: 14397: 14392: 14391: 14123: 14122: 14109: 14108: 13966:Coral Sea Islands 13904:Associated states 13563: 13562: 13441: 13440: 13365:Foreign relations 13342: 13341: 13293:Panel of the Wise 13201:Political Affairs 13071:Executive Council 13014:Secretary General 12992:Sirte Declaration 12912: 12911: 12865: 12864: 12831:Kgalema Motlanthe 12684: 12683: 12648: 12647: 12523: 12522: 12243:Equatorial Guinea 12113: 12112: 12109: 12108: 12105: 12104: 12087: 12086: 12083: 12082: 11730: 11729: 11297: 11296: 11255: 11254: 11227:Human trafficking 11131: 11130: 11067: 11066: 11049:Political parties 11037:Human trafficking 11022:Foreign relations 10994: 10993: 10674:978-0-313-33178-7 10477:978-3-319-73144-5 10408:. 5 August 2016. 10406:botswanayouth.com 10382:on 9 January 2019 10205:. 6 August 2007. 10031:978-92-805-3432-0 9981:978-92-3-100129-1 9549:on 3 October 2006 8589:(2024 ed.). 8254:(8 August 2008). 8114:978-1-4357-2890-5 7998:Our World in Data 7575:Los Angeles Times 6448:Darkoh, Michael. 6420:www.itravelto.com 6143:. 20 March 2014. 5715:. pp. 7–11. 4840:(2024 ed.). 4703:Nations, United. 4534:(2024 ed.). 4463:. 28 March 2018. 4381:(2024 ed.). 4353:(2024 ed.). 4322:(2024 ed.). 3740:Kabelo Kgosiemang 3447:HIV/AIDS epidemic 3403:HIV/AIDS epidemic 3344:, and 700 of the 3261: 3260: 3072: 3071: 2537:the San (Basarwa) 2511:solar power plant 2482:Botswana Railways 2146:homosexual acts. 2071:Umkhonto we Sizwe 1932:Mokgweetsi Masisi 1852:National Assembly 1813:Mokgweetsi Masisi 1688:private ownership 1671:African elephants 1619:r meets with the 1391:in January 1896. 1367:Warren Expedition 1363:Berlin Conference 1297:chiefdoms led by 1132:Ruins Stone Wall 931:. As part of the 892:to the north and 864:, officially the 859: 858: 802: 801: 660:medium inequality 624:• Per capita 572:• Per capita 449:30 September 1966 415:National Assembly 366:Mokgweetsi Masisi 329:Batswana (plural) 216:National language 195:-24.6583; 25.9083 128: 16:(Redirected from 14505: 14430: 14429: 14427: 14426: 14425: 14420: 14416: 14413: 14412: 14411: 14408: 14268: 14150: 14143: 14136: 14127: 14126: 14086:Pitcairn Islands 14056:Falkland Islands 13956:Christmas Island 13932: 13931: 13794:Papua New Guinea 13609:Sovereign states 13590: 13583: 13576: 13567: 13566: 13553: 13552: 13465:Development Bank 13353: 13352: 13235:Women and Gender 13231:Economic Affairs 13160:Gallagher Estate 13064: 13063: 12972:Casablanca Group 12939: 12932: 12925: 12916: 12915: 12904: 12896: 12888: 12880: 12816: 12815: 12711: 12704: 12697: 12688: 12687: 12672: 12660: 12659: 12536: 12535: 12493: 12492: 12445: 12239:(partly in Asia) 12159:Sovereign states 12140: 12133: 12126: 12117: 12116: 12048:Papua New Guinea 12016:Marshall Islands 11906:Christmas Island 11741: 11740: 11737: 11721:Pitcairn Islands 11551:Falkland Islands 11447: 11446: 11443: 11438: 11437: 11377: 11376: 11366: 11365: 11355: 11337: 11330: 11323: 11314: 11313: 11305:Related articles 11301: 11300: 11282: 11275: 11268: 11142: 11141: 11103: 11078: 11077: 11005: 11004: 10959: 10958: 10947: 10898: 10891: 10884: 10875: 10874: 10848: 10847: 10838: 10837: 10781: 10779: 10777: 10771: 10765:. Archived from 10724: 10714: 10678: 10659: 10615: 10602: 10600: 10598: 10589:. Archived from 10548: 10535: 10533: 10531: 10513: 10500: 10481: 10453: 10452: 10450: 10448: 10428: 10422: 10421: 10419: 10417: 10398: 10392: 10391: 10389: 10387: 10378:. Archived from 10368: 10362: 10361: 10359: 10357: 10348:. Archived from 10338: 10332: 10331: 10329: 10327: 10311: 10305: 10304: 10302: 10300: 10281: 10275: 10274: 10272: 10270: 10255: 10249: 10248: 10246: 10244: 10225: 10219: 10218: 10216: 10214: 10195: 10189: 10188: 10186: 10184: 10164: 10158: 10157: 10155: 10153: 10134: 10128: 10127: 10125: 10123: 10104: 10098: 10097: 10095: 10093: 10082:INSEAD Knowledge 10074: 10068: 10067: 10061: 10057: 10055: 10047: 10045: 10043: 10007: 10001: 10000: 9998: 9996: 9990: 9973: 9963: 9950: 9949: 9947: 9945: 9926: 9920: 9907: 9901: 9888: 9879: 9878: 9876: 9874: 9859: 9853: 9852: 9850: 9848: 9843:on 4 August 2012 9833: 9827: 9826: 9824: 9822: 9803: 9794: 9793: 9791: 9789: 9774: 9765: 9759: 9753: 9752: 9750: 9748: 9733: 9727: 9726: 9724: 9722: 9707: 9701: 9700: 9698: 9696: 9682: 9676: 9675: 9673: 9671: 9662:. 22 July 2019. 9656: 9650: 9649: 9647: 9645: 9626: 9620: 9619: 9617: 9615: 9596: 9590: 9589: 9587: 9585: 9565: 9559: 9558: 9556: 9554: 9539: 9533: 9532: 9530: 9528: 9513: 9507: 9506: 9505: 9503: 9483: 9477: 9476: 9474: 9472: 9453: 9447: 9446: 9444: 9442: 9423: 9417: 9411: 9405: 9404: 9402: 9400: 9385:"Botswana Music" 9381: 9375: 9374: 9372: 9370: 9351: 9345: 9344: 9308: 9302: 9301: 9300: 9298: 9292: 9286:, UNAIDS, 2011, 9285: 9275: 9269: 9268: 9266: 9264: 9245: 9239: 9238: 9236: 9234: 9219: 9213: 9212: 9210: 9208: 9182: 9176: 9175: 9173: 9171: 9133: 9127: 9126: 9124: 9122: 9116: 9109: 9105:"The Gap Report" 9101: 9080: 9079: 9061: 9037: 9031: 9030: 9028: 9026: 9011: 9005: 9004: 9002: 9000: 8985: 8979: 8978: 8976: 8974: 8965:. Archived from 8959: 8953: 8952: 8950: 8948: 8929: 8923: 8922: 8920: 8918: 8899: 8890: 8873: 8864: 8863: 8861: 8859: 8844: 8838: 8837: 8835: 8833: 8818: 8812: 8811: 8809: 8807: 8792: 8786: 8785: 8783: 8781: 8775: 8764: 8756: 8750: 8749: 8747: 8745: 8739: 8732: 8723: 8714: 8713: 8711: 8709: 8690: 8684: 8667: 8661: 8660: 8658: 8656: 8637: 8631: 8630: 8628: 8626: 8620: 8613: 8605: 8599: 8594: 8577: 8571: 8569: 8554: 8548: 8547: 8545: 8543: 8524: 8518: 8517: 8515: 8513: 8498: 8492: 8491: 8489: 8487: 8472: 8466: 8465: 8463: 8461: 8442: 8436: 8435: 8433: 8431: 8412: 8406: 8400: 8394: 8393: 8391: 8389: 8370: 8364: 8363: 8361: 8359: 8340: 8334: 8333: 8331: 8329: 8310: 8304: 8303: 8301: 8299: 8284: 8278: 8277: 8275: 8273: 8248: 8242: 8241: 8239: 8237: 8222: 8216: 8215: 8213: 8211: 8196: 8190: 8189: 8187: 8185: 8171: 8165: 8164: 8162: 8160: 8145: 8139: 8138: 8136: 8134: 8098: 8092: 8091: 8089: 8087: 8072: 8066: 8065: 8063: 8061: 8045: 8039: 8038: 8020: 8014: 8013: 8011: 8009: 7994:"GDP per capita" 7990: 7984: 7983: 7981: 7979: 7959: 7953: 7939: 7933: 7932: 7930: 7928: 7909: 7903: 7902: 7900: 7898: 7887:www.statoids.com 7879: 7873: 7872: 7867:. Archived from 7861: 7855: 7854: 7852: 7850: 7839:www.geonames.org 7831: 7818: 7817: 7815: 7813: 7798: 7792: 7791: 7789: 7787: 7768: 7757: 7756: 7754: 7752: 7746: 7739: 7730: 7724: 7723: 7721: 7719: 7699: 7693: 7679: 7673: 7672: 7670: 7662: 7656: 7642: 7636: 7635: 7633: 7631: 7616: 7610: 7597: 7591: 7590: 7588: 7586: 7566: 7560: 7559: 7557: 7555: 7536: 7530: 7517: 7511: 7510: 7508: 7506: 7500: 7489: 7481: 7475: 7474: 7472: 7470: 7451: 7445: 7444: 7442: 7440: 7400: 7394: 7393: 7391: 7389: 7365: 7356: 7355: 7353: 7351: 7311: 7305: 7299: 7293: 7287: 7281: 7280: 7278: 7276: 7257: 7251: 7250: 7248: 7246: 7222: 7216: 7210: 7204: 7203: 7201: 7199: 7183: 7177: 7176: 7174: 7172: 7124: 7115: 7114: 7109:. Archived from 7099: 7093: 7092: 7082: 7058: 7052: 7051: 7049: 7047: 6999: 6993: 6992: 6990: 6988: 6948: 6939: 6938: 6936: 6934: 6886: 6880: 6879: 6877: 6875: 6855: 6844: 6843: 6841: 6839: 6807: 6801: 6800: 6799: 6797: 6778: 6772: 6771: 6769: 6767: 6727: 6716: 6715: 6713: 6711: 6671: 6660: 6659: 6657: 6655: 6640: 6634: 6633: 6623: 6605: 6572: 6566: 6565: 6563: 6561: 6555: 6548: 6539: 6533: 6532: 6530: 6528: 6513: 6502: 6501: 6499: 6497: 6478: 6472: 6471: 6469: 6467: 6461: 6454: 6445: 6436: 6435: 6433: 6431: 6412: 6406: 6405: 6403: 6401: 6381: 6375: 6374: 6363: 6357: 6356: 6347: 6341: 6340: 6338: 6336: 6316: 6310: 6309: 6307: 6305: 6286: 6280: 6279: 6277: 6275: 6256: 6247: 6246: 6244: 6242: 6223: 6217: 6216: 6214: 6212: 6193: 6187: 6186: 6184: 6182: 6163: 6157: 6156: 6154: 6152: 6133: 6127: 6126: 6125: 6123: 6104: 6098: 6097: 6095: 6093: 6074: 6068: 6067: 6065: 6063: 6044: 6038: 6037: 6035: 6033: 6014: 6008: 6007: 6005: 6003: 5988: 5982: 5981: 5979: 5977: 5968:. 3 April 2018. 5958: 5952: 5951: 5949: 5947: 5931: 5925: 5914: 5908: 5907: 5905: 5903: 5884: 5878: 5877: 5875: 5873: 5854: 5848: 5847: 5845: 5843: 5824: 5818: 5817: 5815: 5813: 5804:. Archived from 5794: 5785: 5784: 5748: 5742: 5735: 5729: 5728: 5726: 5724: 5708: 5702: 5695: 5689: 5688: 5686: 5684: 5672: 5666: 5659: 5653: 5652: 5650: 5648: 5626: 5620: 5619: 5599: 5593: 5576: 5570: 5569: 5549: 5543: 5542: 5522: 5516: 5515: 5495: 5489: 5488: 5486: 5484: 5475:. pp. 5–9. 5468: 5462: 5461: 5433: 5427: 5410: 5404: 5403: 5395: 5387: 5381: 5380: 5364: 5358: 5357: 5355: 5353: 5339: 5330: 5329: 5327: 5325: 5292:(344): 361–377. 5277: 5271: 5270: 5234: 5228: 5214: 5208: 5207: 5170: 5164: 5163: 5161: 5159: 5145: 5139: 5138: 5136: 5134: 5113: 5107: 5106: 5104: 5102: 5041:Timmermann, Axel 5036: 5030: 5016: 5010: 5009: 5007: 5005: 4973: 4967: 4966: 4964: 4962: 4947: 4941: 4940: 4924: 4914: 4908: 4907: 4905: 4903: 4863: 4857: 4852: 4850: 4848: 4828: 4819: 4818: 4816: 4814: 4789: 4783: 4782: 4780: 4778: 4773:on 28 March 2017 4763: 4757: 4756: 4754: 4752: 4746: 4735: 4727: 4721: 4720: 4718: 4716: 4700: 4694: 4693: 4691: 4689: 4670: 4664: 4651: 4638: 4637: 4635: 4633: 4623: 4615: 4609: 4608: 4606: 4604: 4585: 4579: 4578: 4576: 4574: 4568: 4561: 4553: 4547: 4546: 4544: 4542: 4522: 4516: 4515: 4510: 4508: 4502: 4491: 4483: 4477: 4476: 4474: 4472: 4453: 4447: 4446: 4428: 4404: 4398: 4393: 4391: 4389: 4369: 4363: 4358: 4341: 4335: 4334: 4332: 4330: 4310: 4295: 4294: 4289: 4287: 4268: 4241: 4239: 4225: 4219: 4217: 4216: 4213: 4212: 4209: 4206: 4203: 4200: 4195: 4194: 4191: 4188: 4181: 4174: 4170: 4169: 4168: 4167: 4160: 4157: 4156: 4153: 4150: 4147: 4144: 4141: 4138: 4135: 4132: 4114: 4108: 4093: 4087: 4073: 4046: 4041: 4040: 4039: 4032: 4027: 4026: 4025: 3793:men's 200m final 3744:African champion 3742:is a three-time 3719:in 2012, taking 3546: 3515: 3504: 3327:Serbian Orthodox 3181: 3158: 3157: 2758: 2715: 2705: 2645: 2633: 2632: 2597:, the number of 2527:As of 2024, the 2456: 2445: 2013:Corruption Index 1959:Daniel Kwelagobe 1947:Kgabo Commission 1827:governed by the 1787:overexploitation 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1719:Makgadikgadi Pan 1715:Central District 1684:public ownership 1659:African wild dog 1553:Botswana map of 1303:Battle of Dimawe 1126: 1115: 1079:("Bushmen") and 804: 803: 797: 794: 792: 720: 687: 686: 680: 679: 673: 662: 661: 655: 654: 648: 632: 631: 613: 612: 596: 580: 579: 561: 560: 544: 396:Phandu Skelemani 381:Slumber Tsogwane 313:0.3% unspecified 201: 200: 198: 197: 196: 191: 187: 184: 183: 182: 179: 164:and largest city 155: 152: 145: 142: 130: 129: 115: 98: 78: 64: 51: 43: 32: 31: 21: 14513: 14512: 14508: 14507: 14506: 14504: 14503: 14502: 14433: 14432: 14423: 14421: 14417: 14414: 14409: 14406: 14404: 14402: 14401: 14399: 14394: 14393: 14388: 14367: 14346: 14315: 14269: 14260: 14241:State President 14206:Foreign Affairs 14159: 14154: 14124: 14119: 14105: 14005: 13995:Ross Dependency 13980: 13921: 13898: 13839:Solomon Islands 13611: 13603: 13594: 13564: 13559: 13541: 13510: 13489: 13437: 13404: 13338: 13322: 13269: 13243: 13182: 13164: 13136: 13103: 13085: 13053: 13020: 12948: 12943: 12913: 12908: 12902: 12894: 12886: 12878: 12861: 12835: 12807: 12721: 12715: 12685: 12680: 12644: 12628: 12597: 12576: 12572:Pelagie Islands 12555: 12531: 12529: 12519: 12507: 12489: 12486: 12478: 12457: 12454: 12446: 12437: 12153: 12144: 12114: 12101: 12079: 12058:Solomon Islands 11975: 11945: 11891: 11873: 11752: 11735: 11726: 11689: 11645: 11478: 11458: 11441: 11432: 11411: 11371: 11360: 11346: 11341: 11306: 11298: 11293: 11285: 11278: 11271: 11264: 11251: 11188: 11174:Public holidays 11127: 11101: 11063: 10990: 10948: 10939: 10925:Bantu expansion 10911: 10902: 10845: 10835: 10796: 10791: 10775: 10773: 10772:on 3 April 2018 10769: 10722: 10717: 10675: 10662: 10628:Economic Botany 10596: 10594: 10593:on 18 July 2018 10584: 10565: 10563:Further reading 10542: 10540:General sources 10529: 10527: 10497: 10478: 10462: 10457: 10456: 10446: 10444: 10429: 10425: 10415: 10413: 10400: 10399: 10395: 10385: 10383: 10370: 10369: 10365: 10355: 10353: 10346:itwebafrica.com 10340: 10339: 10335: 10325: 10323: 10312: 10308: 10298: 10296: 10283: 10282: 10278: 10268: 10266: 10257: 10256: 10252: 10242: 10240: 10227: 10226: 10222: 10212: 10210: 10197: 10196: 10192: 10182: 10180: 10165: 10161: 10151: 10149: 10144:. 2 June 2017. 10136: 10135: 10131: 10121: 10119: 10114:. 6 July 2015. 10106: 10105: 10101: 10091: 10089: 10076: 10075: 10071: 10059: 10058: 10049: 10048: 10041: 10039: 10032: 10008: 10004: 9994: 9992: 9988: 9982: 9971: 9965: 9964: 9953: 9943: 9941: 9928: 9927: 9923: 9917:Wayback Machine 9908: 9904: 9898:Wayback Machine 9889: 9882: 9872: 9870: 9861: 9860: 9856: 9846: 9844: 9835: 9834: 9830: 9820: 9818: 9805: 9804: 9797: 9787: 9785: 9776: 9775: 9768: 9760: 9756: 9746: 9744: 9735: 9734: 9730: 9720: 9718: 9709: 9708: 9704: 9694: 9692: 9684: 9683: 9679: 9669: 9667: 9658: 9657: 9653: 9643: 9641: 9628: 9627: 9623: 9613: 9611: 9598: 9597: 9593: 9583: 9581: 9566: 9562: 9552: 9550: 9541: 9540: 9536: 9526: 9524: 9515: 9514: 9510: 9501: 9499: 9484: 9480: 9470: 9468: 9455: 9454: 9450: 9440: 9438: 9425: 9424: 9420: 9412: 9408: 9398: 9396: 9383: 9382: 9378: 9368: 9366: 9353: 9352: 9348: 9309: 9305: 9296: 9294: 9290: 9283: 9277: 9276: 9272: 9262: 9260: 9247: 9246: 9242: 9232: 9230: 9221: 9220: 9216: 9206: 9204: 9192:Harvard Gazette 9183: 9179: 9169: 9167: 9134: 9130: 9120: 9118: 9117:on 20 June 2016 9114: 9107: 9103: 9102: 9083: 9038: 9034: 9024: 9022: 9013: 9012: 9008: 8998: 8996: 8987: 8986: 8982: 8972: 8970: 8961: 8960: 8956: 8946: 8944: 8931: 8930: 8926: 8916: 8914: 8901: 8900: 8893: 8883:Wayback Machine 8874: 8867: 8857: 8855: 8850:. August 2017. 8846: 8845: 8841: 8831: 8829: 8820: 8819: 8815: 8805: 8803: 8794: 8793: 8789: 8779: 8777: 8773: 8762: 8758: 8757: 8753: 8743: 8741: 8737: 8730: 8724: 8717: 8707: 8705: 8692: 8691: 8687: 8678:Wayback Machine 8668: 8664: 8654: 8652: 8639: 8638: 8634: 8624: 8622: 8618: 8611: 8607: 8606: 8602: 8579: 8578: 8574: 8556: 8555: 8551: 8541: 8539: 8532:Sunday Standard 8526: 8525: 8521: 8511: 8509: 8500: 8499: 8495: 8485: 8483: 8474: 8473: 8469: 8459: 8457: 8444: 8443: 8439: 8429: 8427: 8414: 8413: 8409: 8401: 8397: 8387: 8385: 8372: 8371: 8367: 8357: 8355: 8342: 8341: 8337: 8327: 8325: 8318:Lotus Resources 8312: 8311: 8307: 8297: 8295: 8286: 8285: 8281: 8271: 8269: 8249: 8245: 8235: 8233: 8224: 8223: 8219: 8209: 8207: 8198: 8197: 8193: 8183: 8181: 8173: 8172: 8168: 8158: 8156: 8147: 8146: 8142: 8132: 8130: 8115: 8099: 8095: 8085: 8083: 8074: 8073: 8069: 8059: 8057: 8050:"GNI PPP table" 8046: 8042: 8035: 8021: 8017: 8007: 8005: 7992: 7991: 7987: 7977: 7975: 7960: 7956: 7950:Wayback Machine 7940: 7936: 7926: 7924: 7911: 7910: 7906: 7896: 7894: 7881: 7880: 7876: 7871:on 6 June 2017. 7863: 7862: 7858: 7848: 7846: 7833: 7832: 7821: 7811: 7809: 7800: 7799: 7795: 7785: 7783: 7770: 7769: 7760: 7750: 7748: 7744: 7737: 7731: 7727: 7717: 7715: 7700: 7696: 7690:Wayback Machine 7680: 7676: 7668: 7664: 7663: 7659: 7653:Wayback Machine 7643: 7639: 7629: 7627: 7618: 7617: 7613: 7607:Wayback Machine 7598: 7594: 7584: 7582: 7567: 7563: 7553: 7551: 7538: 7537: 7533: 7527:Wayback Machine 7518: 7514: 7504: 7502: 7498: 7487: 7483: 7482: 7478: 7468: 7466: 7453: 7452: 7448: 7438: 7436: 7401: 7397: 7387: 7385: 7366: 7359: 7349: 7347: 7312: 7308: 7300: 7296: 7288: 7284: 7274: 7272: 7259: 7258: 7254: 7244: 7242: 7223: 7219: 7211: 7207: 7197: 7195: 7184: 7180: 7170: 7168: 7125: 7118: 7101: 7100: 7096: 7059: 7055: 7045: 7043: 7000: 6996: 6986: 6984: 6949: 6942: 6932: 6930: 6887: 6883: 6873: 6871: 6856: 6847: 6837: 6835: 6808: 6804: 6795: 6793: 6780: 6779: 6775: 6765: 6763: 6728: 6719: 6709: 6707: 6672: 6663: 6653: 6651: 6642: 6641: 6637: 6573: 6569: 6559: 6557: 6556:on 24 July 2010 6553: 6546: 6540: 6536: 6526: 6524: 6515: 6514: 6505: 6495: 6493: 6480: 6479: 6475: 6465: 6463: 6459: 6452: 6446: 6439: 6429: 6427: 6414: 6413: 6409: 6399: 6397: 6382: 6378: 6365: 6364: 6360: 6349: 6348: 6344: 6334: 6332: 6317: 6313: 6303: 6301: 6288: 6287: 6283: 6273: 6271: 6258: 6257: 6250: 6240: 6238: 6233:. 1 July 2013. 6225: 6224: 6220: 6210: 6208: 6195: 6194: 6190: 6180: 6178: 6165: 6164: 6160: 6150: 6148: 6135: 6134: 6130: 6121: 6119: 6106: 6105: 6101: 6091: 6089: 6076: 6075: 6071: 6061: 6059: 6046: 6045: 6041: 6031: 6029: 6016: 6015: 6011: 6001: 5999: 5998:on 16 July 2011 5990: 5989: 5985: 5975: 5973: 5960: 5959: 5955: 5945: 5943: 5932: 5928: 5915: 5911: 5901: 5899: 5886: 5885: 5881: 5871: 5869: 5856: 5855: 5851: 5841: 5839: 5826: 5825: 5821: 5811: 5809: 5796: 5795: 5788: 5749: 5745: 5736: 5732: 5722: 5720: 5709: 5705: 5696: 5692: 5682: 5680: 5673: 5669: 5660: 5656: 5646: 5644: 5627: 5623: 5600: 5596: 5577: 5573: 5550: 5546: 5523: 5519: 5496: 5492: 5482: 5480: 5469: 5465: 5434: 5430: 5411: 5407: 5393: 5389: 5388: 5384: 5377:Rice University 5365: 5361: 5351: 5349: 5341: 5340: 5333: 5323: 5321: 5278: 5274: 5235: 5231: 5215: 5211: 5171: 5167: 5157: 5155: 5147: 5146: 5142: 5132: 5130: 5115: 5114: 5110: 5100: 5098: 5059:Nature Research 5037: 5033: 5017: 5013: 5003: 5001: 4974: 4970: 4960: 4958: 4949: 4948: 4944: 4937: 4915: 4911: 4901: 4899: 4864: 4860: 4846: 4844: 4830: 4829: 4822: 4812: 4810: 4791: 4790: 4786: 4776: 4774: 4765: 4764: 4760: 4750: 4748: 4744: 4733: 4729: 4728: 4724: 4714: 4712: 4701: 4697: 4687: 4685: 4672: 4671: 4667: 4661:Wayback Machine 4652: 4641: 4631: 4629: 4621: 4617: 4616: 4612: 4602: 4600: 4587: 4586: 4582: 4572: 4570: 4566: 4559: 4555: 4554: 4550: 4540: 4538: 4524: 4523: 4519: 4506: 4504: 4500: 4489: 4485: 4484: 4480: 4470: 4468: 4455: 4454: 4450: 4405: 4401: 4387: 4385: 4371: 4370: 4366: 4343: 4342: 4338: 4328: 4326: 4312: 4311: 4298: 4285: 4283: 4270: 4269: 4260: 4255: 4250: 4245: 4244: 4226: 4222: 4197: 4185: 4176: 4175: 4172: 4163: 4162: 4129: 4125: 4115: 4111: 4094: 4090: 4074: 4070: 4065: 4044:Botswana portal 4042: 4037: 4035: 4028: 4023: 4021: 4018: 3990:virtual tourism 3984:in Finland and 3872: 3866: 3825: 3819: 3813: 3732:Amantle Montsho 3693:track and field 3640: 3579: 3571:Kalahari Desert 3530: 3529: 3528: 3527: 3526: 3516: 3507: 3506: 3505: 3494: 3488: 3411: 3405: 3394:is a voluntary 3384:Life expectancy 3358: 3296:Roman Catholics 3263: 3262: 3254: 3239: 3224: 3209: 3194: 3179: 3154: 3148: 3088: 3080:Main articles: 3078: 3073: 2759: 2716: 2710: 2706: 2650: 2649: 2646: 2643: 2641: 2638: 2607:hunter-gatherer 2558:, Baherero and 2525: 2519: 2473: 2472: 2471: 2470: 2469: 2457: 2448: 2447: 2446: 2435: 2406: 2400: 2368: 2362: 2342:budget deficits 2298: 2292: 2207: 2199:Main articles: 2197: 2164: 2135:homosexual acts 2127: 2121: 2043: 2035:Main articles: 2033: 1971:Mompati Merafhe 1857:Ntlo ya Dikgosi 1806: 1798:Main articles: 1796: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1734:desertification 1703:Ghanzi District 1639: 1633: 1567:Kalahari Desert 1547: 1535:Main articles: 1533: 1525:Kasikili Island 1469: 1351: 1345: 1220: 1214: 1178:rhinoceros horn 1144: 1143: 1142: 1141: 1140: 1127: 1118: 1117: 1116: 1087:from the small 1085:click languages 1046: 1041: 1035: 1012: 986:of continental 947:, although the 878:Kalahari Desert 874:Southern Africa 798: 789: 788: 715: 684: 683: 682: 671: 659: 658: 657: 646: 625: 606: 594: 573: 554: 538: 522: 512: 501:2,417,596 ( 498: 481: 467: 446: 431: 412: 392: 377: 362: 335: 316: 295: 266: 258: 231: 194: 192: 188: 185: 180: 177: 175: 173: 172: 171: 165: 157: 156: 153: 146: 131: 120: 116: 99: 86: 85: 84: 79: 71: 70: 65: 52: 45: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 14511: 14501: 14500: 14495: 14490: 14485: 14480: 14475: 14470: 14465: 14460: 14455: 14450: 14445: 14396: 14395: 14390: 14389: 14387: 14386: 14381: 14375: 14373: 14369: 14368: 14366: 14365: 14360: 14354: 14352: 14348: 14347: 14345: 14344: 14339: 14334: 14329: 14323: 14321: 14317: 14316: 14314: 14313: 14308: 14303: 14298: 14293: 14288: 14283: 14277: 14275: 14271: 14270: 14263: 14261: 14259: 14258: 14253: 14248: 14243: 14238: 14233: 14228: 14223: 14218: 14213: 14208: 14203: 14198: 14193: 14188: 14183: 14178: 14173: 14167: 14165: 14161: 14160: 14153: 14152: 14145: 14138: 14130: 14121: 14120: 14114: 14111: 14110: 14107: 14106: 14104: 14103: 14098: 14093: 14088: 14083: 14078: 14073: 14068: 14063: 14058: 14053: 14051:Cayman Islands 14048: 14043: 14038: 14031: 14026: 14021: 14015: 14013: 14011:United Kingdom 14007: 14006: 14004: 14003: 13998: 13990: 13988: 13982: 13981: 13979: 13978: 13976:Norfolk Island 13973: 13968: 13963: 13958: 13953: 13946: 13940: 13938: 13929: 13923: 13922: 13920: 13919: 13914: 13908: 13906: 13900: 13899: 13897: 13896: 13891: 13886: 13884:United Kingdom 13881: 13876: 13871: 13866: 13861: 13856: 13851: 13846: 13841: 13836: 13831: 13826: 13821: 13816: 13811: 13806: 13801: 13796: 13791: 13786: 13781: 13776: 13771: 13766: 13761: 13756: 13751: 13746: 13741: 13736: 13731: 13726: 13721: 13716: 13711: 13706: 13701: 13696: 13691: 13686: 13681: 13676: 13671: 13666: 13661: 13656: 13651: 13646: 13641: 13636: 13631: 13626: 13621: 13615: 13613: 13605: 13604: 13593: 13592: 13585: 13578: 13570: 13561: 13560: 13558: 13557: 13546: 13543: 13542: 13540: 13539: 13534: 13529: 13524: 13518: 13516: 13512: 13511: 13509: 13508: 13503: 13497: 13495: 13491: 13490: 13488: 13487: 13482: 13477: 13472: 13467: 13462: 13451: 13449: 13443: 13442: 13439: 13438: 13436: 13435: 13430: 13425: 13420: 13414: 13412: 13406: 13405: 13403: 13402: 13397: 13392: 13382: 13377: 13372: 13367: 13362: 13356: 13350: 13344: 13343: 13340: 13339: 13337: 13336: 13330: 13328: 13324: 13323: 13321: 13320: 13315: 13310: 13305: 13300: 13295: 13290: 13285: 13279: 13277: 13271: 13270: 13268: 13267: 13262: 13257: 13251: 13249: 13245: 13244: 13242: 13241: 13236: 13233: 13228: 13223: 13218: 13213: 13208: 13203: 13198: 13192: 13190: 13184: 13183: 13181: 13180: 13174: 13172: 13166: 13165: 13163: 13162: 13157: 13152: 13146: 13144: 13138: 13137: 13135: 13134: 13129: 13124: 13119: 13113: 13111: 13105: 13104: 13102: 13101: 13095: 13093: 13087: 13086: 13084: 13083: 13078: 13073: 13067: 13061: 13055: 13054: 13052: 13051: 13046: 13041: 13039:Extreme points 13036: 13030: 13028: 13022: 13021: 13019: 13018: 13017: 13016: 13011: 12999: 12994: 12989: 12984: 12979: 12977:Monrovia Group 12974: 12969: 12964: 12962:Pan-Africanism 12958: 12956: 12950: 12949: 12942: 12941: 12934: 12927: 12919: 12910: 12909: 12907: 12906: 12898: 12890: 12882: 12873: 12871: 12867: 12866: 12863: 12862: 12860: 12859: 12854: 12849: 12843: 12841: 12837: 12836: 12834: 12833: 12828: 12826:Levy Mwanawasa 12822: 12820: 12813: 12809: 12808: 12806: 12805: 12800: 12795: 12790: 12785: 12780: 12775: 12770: 12765: 12760: 12755: 12750: 12745: 12740: 12735: 12729: 12727: 12723: 12722: 12714: 12713: 12706: 12699: 12691: 12682: 12681: 12679: 12678: 12666: 12653: 12650: 12649: 12646: 12645: 12643: 12642: 12636: 12634: 12630: 12629: 12627: 12626: 12621: 12616: 12611: 12609:Canary Islands 12605: 12603: 12599: 12598: 12596: 12595: 12593:Savage Islands 12590: 12584: 12582: 12578: 12577: 12575: 12574: 12569: 12563: 12561: 12557: 12556: 12554: 12553: 12548: 12542: 12540: 12533: 12525: 12524: 12521: 12520: 12515: 12513: 12512:United Kingdom 12509: 12508: 12506: 12505: 12499: 12497: 12490: 12483: 12480: 12479: 12477: 12476: 12471: 12460: 12458: 12451: 12448: 12447: 12440: 12438: 12436: 12435: 12430: 12425: 12420: 12415: 12410: 12405: 12400: 12395: 12390: 12385: 12380: 12375: 12370: 12365: 12360: 12355: 12350: 12345: 12340: 12335: 12330: 12325: 12320: 12315: 12310: 12305: 12300: 12295: 12290: 12285: 12280: 12275: 12270: 12265: 12260: 12255: 12250: 12245: 12240: 12234: 12229: 12224: 12219: 12214: 12209: 12204: 12199: 12194: 12189: 12184: 12179: 12174: 12169: 12163: 12161: 12155: 12154: 12143: 12142: 12135: 12128: 12120: 12111: 12110: 12107: 12106: 12103: 12102: 12092: 12089: 12088: 12085: 12084: 12081: 12080: 12078: 12077: 12072: 12067: 12060: 12055: 12050: 12045: 12040: 12033: 12028: 12023: 12018: 12013: 12008: 12001: 11996: 11991: 11988:American Samoa 11983: 11981: 11977: 11976: 11974: 11973: 11968: 11961: 11953: 11951: 11947: 11946: 11944: 11943: 11938: 11933: 11928: 11923: 11916: 11909: 11901: 11899: 11893: 11892: 11890: 11889: 11881: 11879: 11875: 11874: 11872: 11871: 11866: 11861: 11856: 11851: 11846: 11841: 11836: 11831: 11826: 11821: 11816: 11811: 11806: 11801: 11796: 11791: 11786: 11781: 11776: 11771: 11766: 11760: 11758: 11754: 11753: 11751: 11750: 11738: 11732: 11731: 11728: 11727: 11725: 11724: 11717: 11714:Norfolk Island 11710: 11705: 11699: 11697: 11691: 11690: 11688: 11687: 11685:United Kingdom 11682: 11675: 11668: 11663: 11655: 11653: 11647: 11646: 11644: 11643: 11636: 11631: 11624: 11619: 11612: 11605: 11602:Sint Eustatius 11598: 11593: 11588: 11583: 11576: 11569: 11564: 11559: 11554: 11547: 11542: 11539:Cayman Islands 11535: 11530: 11523: 11516: 11511: 11506: 11501: 11496: 11488: 11486: 11480: 11479: 11477: 11476: 11468: 11466: 11460: 11459: 11457: 11456: 11444: 11434: 11433: 11431: 11430: 11425: 11419: 11417: 11413: 11412: 11410: 11409: 11404: 11399: 11397:British Empire 11394: 11389: 11383: 11381: 11373: 11372: 11362: 11361: 11351: 11348: 11347: 11340: 11339: 11332: 11325: 11317: 11311: 11308: 11307: 11295: 11294: 11292: 11291: 11284: 11283: 11276: 11269: 11261: 11260: 11257: 11256: 11253: 11252: 11250: 11249: 11244: 11239: 11234: 11229: 11224: 11219: 11214: 11209: 11207:Child marriage 11204: 11198: 11196: 11190: 11189: 11187: 11186: 11181: 11176: 11171: 11166: 11161: 11156: 11151: 11145: 11139: 11133: 11132: 11129: 11128: 11126: 11125: 11120: 11115: 11110: 11105: 11097: 11092: 11087: 11081: 11075: 11069: 11068: 11065: 11064: 11062: 11061: 11059:Vice-President 11056: 11051: 11046: 11041: 11040: 11039: 11034: 11024: 11019: 11014: 11008: 11002: 10996: 10995: 10992: 10991: 10989: 10988: 10983: 10978: 10973: 10968: 10962: 10956: 10950: 10949: 10942: 10940: 10938: 10937: 10932: 10927: 10921: 10919: 10913: 10912: 10901: 10900: 10893: 10886: 10878: 10872: 10871: 10866: 10857: 10842: 10832: 10823: 10813: 10795: 10794:External links 10792: 10790: 10789: 10782: 10733:(3): 499–521. 10715: 10686: 10679: 10673: 10660: 10634:(3): 386–402. 10623: 10616: 10603: 10582: 10566: 10564: 10561: 10541: 10538: 10537: 10536: 10514: 10501: 10495: 10482: 10476: 10461: 10458: 10455: 10454: 10423: 10393: 10363: 10333: 10306: 10276: 10250: 10220: 10190: 10159: 10142:deutschland.de 10129: 10099: 10069: 10060:|website= 10030: 10002: 9980: 9951: 9921: 9902: 9880: 9854: 9828: 9795: 9766: 9754: 9728: 9702: 9677: 9651: 9621: 9591: 9560: 9534: 9508: 9478: 9448: 9418: 9406: 9376: 9346: 9319:(3): 504–520. 9303: 9270: 9240: 9214: 9177: 9152:United Nations 9143:Africa Renewal 9128: 9081: 9052:(3): 218–243. 9032: 9006: 8980: 8954: 8924: 8907:www.unicef.org 8891: 8865: 8839: 8813: 8787: 8751: 8715: 8685: 8662: 8632: 8614:. p. 10. 8600: 8593:. 10 May 2022. 8572: 8549: 8519: 8493: 8467: 8437: 8420:whc.unesco.org 8407: 8395: 8365: 8335: 8305: 8290:. World Bank. 8279: 8243: 8217: 8191: 8166: 8140: 8113: 8093: 8067: 8040: 8033: 8015: 7985: 7954: 7934: 7904: 7874: 7856: 7819: 7793: 7758: 7725: 7694: 7674: 7657: 7637: 7611: 7592: 7561: 7531: 7512: 7476: 7446: 7415:(4): 854–883. 7395: 7380:(2): 343–360. 7357: 7306: 7294: 7282: 7252: 7217: 7205: 7178: 7139:(1): 105–120. 7116: 7094: 7053: 7014:(2): 103–115. 6994: 6940: 6881: 6866:(7): 135–142. 6845: 6802: 6773: 6717: 6661: 6635: 6567: 6534: 6503: 6486:Compton Herald 6473: 6437: 6407: 6376: 6358: 6342: 6311: 6294:www.canids.org 6281: 6248: 6218: 6188: 6158: 6128: 6099: 6069: 6039: 6009: 5983: 5953: 5926: 5909: 5879: 5849: 5819: 5808:on 3 June 2012 5786: 5759:(3): 453–484. 5743: 5730: 5703: 5690: 5679:. pp. 4–7 5667: 5654: 5629:Ramsay, Jeff. 5621: 5594: 5571: 5544: 5517: 5490: 5471:Morton, Fred. 5463: 5428: 5405: 5382: 5359: 5331: 5272: 5229: 5209: 5165: 5140: 5108: 5039:Chan, Eva KF; 5031: 5011: 4988:(4): 227–230. 4968: 4942: 4935: 4909: 4858: 4820: 4784: 4758: 4722: 4695: 4665: 4639: 4610: 4580: 4548: 4517: 4478: 4448: 4399: 4364: 4336: 4296: 4257: 4256: 4254: 4251: 4249: 4246: 4243: 4242: 4220: 4109: 4088: 4067: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4060: 4059: 4054: 4048: 4047: 4033: 4017: 4014: 3868:Main article: 3865: 3862: 3821:Main article: 3812: 3809: 3798:The card game 3785:Letsile Tebogo 3757:Letsile Tebogo 3752:Baboloki Thebe 3736:world champion 3639: 3636: 3578: 3575: 3517: 3510: 3509: 3508: 3499: 3498: 3497: 3496: 3495: 3490:Main article: 3487: 3484: 3439:antiretroviral 3407:Main article: 3404: 3401: 3357: 3354: 3330: 3329: 3324: 3319: 3314: 3309: 3303: 3298: 3293: 3288: 3259: 3258: 3255: 3252: 3250: 3244: 3243: 3240: 3237: 3235: 3229: 3228: 3225: 3222: 3220: 3214: 3213: 3210: 3207: 3205: 3199: 3198: 3195: 3192: 3190: 3184: 3183: 3176: 3174: 3170: 3169: 3156: 3155: 3150:Main article: 3147: 3144: 3100:Bantu language 3077: 3074: 3070: 3069: 3066: 3061: 3056: 3053: 3050: 3045: 3040: 3036: 3035: 3032: 3027: 3022: 3019: 3016: 3011: 3006: 3002: 3001: 2998: 2993: 2988: 2985: 2982: 2977: 2972: 2968: 2967: 2964: 2959: 2954: 2951: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2934: 2933: 2930: 2925: 2920: 2917: 2914: 2909: 2904: 2900: 2899: 2896: 2891: 2886: 2883: 2880: 2875: 2870: 2866: 2865: 2862: 2857: 2852: 2849: 2846: 2841: 2836: 2832: 2831: 2828: 2823: 2818: 2815: 2812: 2807: 2802: 2798: 2797: 2794: 2789: 2784: 2781: 2778: 2773: 2768: 2764: 2763: 2752: 2749: 2744: 2739: 2736: 2733: 2728: 2723: 2720: 2698: 2697: 2695: 2690: 2685: 2680: 2675: 2670: 2665: 2660: 2655: 2652: 2651: 2647: 2642: 2639: 2636: 2631: 2618:United Nations 2554:, Bambukushu, 2541:White Batswana 2521:Main article: 2518: 2515: 2458: 2451: 2450: 2449: 2440: 2439: 2438: 2437: 2436: 2434: 2433:Infrastructure 2431: 2423:Okavango Delta 2402:Main article: 2399: 2396: 2388:diamond mining 2386:, the largest 2364:Main article: 2361: 2358: 2294:Main article: 2291: 2288: 2280: 2279: 2276: 2273: 2270: 2267: 2264: 2261: 2258: 2255: 2252: 2249: 2246: 2243: 2240: 2237: 2234: 2196: 2193: 2163: 2160: 2140:decriminalised 2123:Main article: 2120: 2117: 2032: 2029: 2021:the Seychelles 1908:dominant-party 1874:vice-president 1823:Botswana is a 1795: 1792: 1749:million to 5.5 1680:primary forest 1667:Chobe District 1635:Main article: 1632: 1629: 1578:Okavango Delta 1532: 1529: 1468: 1465: 1347:Main article: 1344: 1341: 1281:Following the 1216:Main article: 1213: 1210: 1206:Okavango Delta 1128: 1121: 1120: 1119: 1110: 1109: 1108: 1107: 1106: 1045: 1042: 1037:Main article: 1034: 1031: 1011: 1008: 1004:United Nations 857: 856: 850: 846: 845: 837: 833: 832: 824: 820: 819: 813: 809: 808: 800: 799: 784: 781: 780: 775: 769: 768: 763: 757: 756: 751: 745: 744: 741: 735: 734: 731: 727: 726: 713: 709: 708: 698: 694: 693: 674: 664: 663: 649: 639: 638: 626: 623: 620: 619: 607: 604: 601: 600: 597: 587: 586: 581:$ 20,158 ( 574: 571: 568: 567: 555: 552: 549: 548: 545: 531: 530: 523: 521:• Density 520: 517: 516: 513: 510: 507: 506: 499: 496: 493: 492: 486: 485: 482: 479: 476: 475: 468: 465: 462: 461: 455: 454: 451: 450: 447: 440: 437: 436: 433: 432: 429:United Kingdom 426: 419: 418: 407: 403: 402: 399: 398: 393: 387: 384: 383: 378: 375:Vice-President 372: 369: 368: 363: 357: 354: 353: 350: 349: 343: 337: 336: 334: 333: 330: 326: 324: 318: 317: 315: 314: 311: 308: 302: 296: 294: 293: 292: 291: 285: 272: 269: 267: 264: 260: 259: 257: 256: 253: 247: 241: 234: 232: 229: 223: 222: 217: 213: 212: 207: 203: 202: 166: 163: 159: 158: 147: 137: 136: 133: 132: 118: 102: 101: 88: 87: 80: 73: 72: 66: 59: 58: 57: 54: 53: 38: 35: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14510: 14499: 14496: 14494: 14491: 14489: 14486: 14484: 14481: 14479: 14476: 14474: 14471: 14469: 14466: 14464: 14461: 14459: 14456: 14454: 14451: 14449: 14446: 14444: 14441: 14440: 14438: 14431: 14428: 14385: 14382: 14380: 14377: 14376: 14374: 14370: 14364: 14361: 14359: 14356: 14355: 14353: 14349: 14343: 14340: 14338: 14335: 14333: 14330: 14328: 14325: 14324: 14322: 14318: 14312: 14309: 14307: 14304: 14302: 14299: 14297: 14294: 14292: 14289: 14287: 14284: 14282: 14279: 14278: 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13468: 13466: 13463: 13460: 13459:Gold standard 13456: 13453: 13452: 13450: 13448: 13444: 13434: 13431: 13429: 13426: 13424: 13421: 13419: 13416: 13415: 13413: 13411: 13407: 13401: 13398: 13396: 13393: 13390: 13386: 13383: 13381: 13378: 13376: 13373: 13371: 13368: 13366: 13363: 13361: 13358: 13357: 13354: 13351: 13349: 13345: 13335: 13332: 13331: 13329: 13325: 13319: 13316: 13314: 13311: 13309: 13306: 13304: 13301: 13299: 13296: 13294: 13291: 13289: 13286: 13284: 13281: 13280: 13278: 13276: 13272: 13266: 13263: 13261: 13258: 13256: 13253: 13252: 13250: 13246: 13240: 13237: 13234: 13232: 13229: 13227: 13224: 13222: 13219: 13217: 13214: 13212: 13209: 13207: 13204: 13202: 13199: 13197: 13194: 13193: 13191: 13189: 13185: 13179: 13176: 13175: 13173: 13171: 13167: 13161: 13158: 13156: 13153: 13151: 13148: 13147: 13145: 13143: 13139: 13133: 13132:2025 election 13130: 13128: 13125: 13123: 13120: 13118: 13115: 13114: 13112: 13110: 13106: 13100: 13097: 13096: 13094: 13092: 13088: 13082: 13079: 13077: 13074: 13072: 13069: 13068: 13065: 13062: 13060: 13056: 13050: 13047: 13045: 13044:Member states 13042: 13040: 13037: 13035: 13032: 13031: 13029: 13027: 13023: 13015: 13012: 13010: 13007: 13006: 13005: 13004: 13000: 12998: 12995: 12993: 12990: 12988: 12985: 12983: 12980: 12978: 12975: 12973: 12970: 12968: 12965: 12963: 12960: 12959: 12957: 12955: 12951: 12947: 12946:African Union 12940: 12935: 12933: 12928: 12926: 12921: 12920: 12917: 12905: 12899: 12897: 12891: 12889: 12883: 12881: 12875: 12874: 12872: 12868: 12858: 12857:Tomaz Salomão 12855: 12853: 12852:Prega Ramsamy 12850: 12848: 12847:Kaire Mbuende 12845: 12844: 12842: 12838: 12832: 12829: 12827: 12824: 12823: 12821: 12817: 12814: 12810: 12804: 12801: 12799: 12796: 12794: 12791: 12789: 12786: 12784: 12781: 12779: 12776: 12774: 12771: 12769: 12766: 12764: 12761: 12759: 12756: 12754: 12751: 12749: 12746: 12744: 12741: 12739: 12736: 12734: 12731: 12730: 12728: 12726:Member states 12724: 12719: 12712: 12707: 12705: 12700: 12698: 12693: 12692: 12689: 12677: 12676: 12675:Africa portal 12671: 12667: 12665: 12664: 12655: 12654: 12651: 12641: 12638: 12637: 12635: 12631: 12625: 12622: 12620: 12617: 12615: 12612: 12610: 12607: 12606: 12604: 12600: 12594: 12591: 12589: 12586: 12585: 12583: 12579: 12573: 12570: 12568: 12565: 12564: 12562: 12558: 12552: 12549: 12547: 12544: 12543: 12541: 12537: 12534: 12530:fully part of 12526: 12518: 12514: 12510: 12504: 12501: 12500: 12498: 12494: 12491: 12488: 12481: 12475: 12472: 12469: 12465: 12462: 12461: 12459: 12456: 12449: 12444: 12434: 12431: 12429: 12426: 12424: 12421: 12419: 12416: 12414: 12411: 12409: 12406: 12404: 12401: 12399: 12396: 12394: 12391: 12389: 12386: 12384: 12381: 12379: 12376: 12374: 12371: 12369: 12366: 12364: 12361: 12359: 12356: 12354: 12351: 12349: 12346: 12344: 12341: 12339: 12336: 12334: 12331: 12329: 12326: 12324: 12321: 12319: 12316: 12314: 12311: 12309: 12306: 12304: 12301: 12299: 12296: 12294: 12291: 12289: 12286: 12284: 12283:Guinea-Bissau 12281: 12279: 12276: 12274: 12271: 12269: 12266: 12264: 12261: 12259: 12256: 12254: 12251: 12249: 12246: 12244: 12241: 12238: 12235: 12233: 12230: 12228: 12225: 12223: 12220: 12218: 12215: 12213: 12210: 12208: 12205: 12203: 12200: 12198: 12195: 12193: 12190: 12188: 12185: 12183: 12180: 12178: 12175: 12173: 12170: 12168: 12165: 12164: 12162: 12160: 12156: 12152: 12148: 12141: 12136: 12134: 12129: 12127: 12122: 12121: 12118: 12099: 12095: 12090: 12076: 12073: 12071: 12068: 12066: 12065: 12061: 12059: 12056: 12054: 12051: 12049: 12046: 12044: 12041: 12039: 12038: 12034: 12032: 12029: 12027: 12024: 12022: 12019: 12017: 12014: 12012: 12009: 12007: 12006: 12002: 12000: 11997: 11995: 11992: 11990: 11989: 11985: 11984: 11982: 11978: 11972: 11969: 11967: 11966: 11962: 11960: 11959: 11955: 11954: 11952: 11948: 11942: 11939: 11937: 11934: 11932: 11929: 11927: 11924: 11922: 11921: 11917: 11915: 11914: 11910: 11908: 11907: 11903: 11902: 11900: 11898: 11894: 11888: 11887: 11883: 11882: 11880: 11876: 11870: 11867: 11865: 11862: 11860: 11857: 11855: 11852: 11850: 11847: 11845: 11842: 11840: 11837: 11835: 11832: 11830: 11827: 11825: 11822: 11820: 11817: 11815: 11812: 11810: 11807: 11805: 11802: 11800: 11797: 11795: 11792: 11790: 11787: 11785: 11782: 11780: 11777: 11775: 11772: 11770: 11767: 11765: 11762: 11761: 11759: 11755: 11749: 11746: 11745: 11742: 11739: 11733: 11723: 11722: 11718: 11716: 11715: 11711: 11709: 11706: 11704: 11701: 11700: 11698: 11696: 11692: 11686: 11683: 11681: 11680: 11676: 11674: 11673: 11669: 11667: 11664: 11662: 11661: 11657: 11656: 11654: 11652: 11648: 11642: 11641: 11637: 11635: 11634:United States 11632: 11630: 11629: 11625: 11623: 11620: 11618: 11617: 11613: 11611: 11610: 11606: 11604: 11603: 11599: 11597: 11594: 11592: 11589: 11587: 11584: 11582: 11581: 11577: 11575: 11574: 11570: 11568: 11565: 11563: 11560: 11558: 11555: 11553: 11552: 11548: 11546: 11543: 11541: 11540: 11536: 11534: 11531: 11529: 11528: 11524: 11522: 11521: 11517: 11515: 11512: 11510: 11507: 11505: 11502: 11500: 11497: 11495: 11494: 11490: 11489: 11487: 11485: 11481: 11475: 11474: 11470: 11469: 11467: 11465: 11461: 11455: 11452: 11451: 11448: 11445: 11439: 11435: 11429: 11426: 11424: 11421: 11420: 11418: 11414: 11408: 11405: 11403: 11400: 11398: 11395: 11393: 11390: 11388: 11385: 11384: 11382: 11378: 11374: 11370:Further links 11367: 11363: 11349: 11345: 11338: 11333: 11331: 11326: 11324: 11319: 11318: 11315: 11309: 11302: 11290: 11287: 11286: 11281: 11277: 11274: 11270: 11267: 11263: 11262: 11258: 11248: 11245: 11243: 11240: 11238: 11235: 11233: 11230: 11228: 11225: 11223: 11220: 11218: 11217:Ethnic groups 11215: 11213: 11210: 11208: 11205: 11203: 11200: 11199: 11197: 11195: 11191: 11185: 11182: 11180: 11177: 11175: 11172: 11170: 11167: 11165: 11162: 11160: 11157: 11155: 11152: 11150: 11147: 11146: 11143: 11140: 11138: 11134: 11124: 11121: 11119: 11116: 11114: 11111: 11109: 11106: 11104: 11098: 11096: 11093: 11091: 11088: 11086: 11083: 11082: 11079: 11076: 11074: 11070: 11060: 11057: 11055: 11052: 11050: 11047: 11045: 11042: 11038: 11035: 11033: 11030: 11029: 11028: 11025: 11023: 11020: 11018: 11015: 11013: 11010: 11009: 11006: 11003: 11001: 10997: 10987: 10984: 10982: 10979: 10977: 10974: 10972: 10969: 10967: 10964: 10963: 10960: 10957: 10955: 10951: 10946: 10936: 10933: 10931: 10928: 10926: 10923: 10922: 10920: 10918: 10914: 10910: 10906: 10899: 10894: 10892: 10887: 10885: 10880: 10879: 10876: 10870: 10867: 10865: 10861: 10858: 10856: 10855:OpenStreetMap 10852: 10843: 10841: 10833: 10831: 10827: 10824: 10821: 10820:UCB Libraries 10817: 10814: 10811: 10807: 10806: 10801: 10798: 10797: 10787: 10783: 10768: 10764: 10760: 10756: 10752: 10748: 10744: 10740: 10736: 10732: 10728: 10721: 10716: 10712: 10708: 10704: 10700: 10696: 10692: 10687: 10684: 10680: 10676: 10670: 10666: 10661: 10657: 10653: 10649: 10645: 10641: 10637: 10633: 10629: 10624: 10621: 10617: 10613: 10609: 10604: 10592: 10588: 10583: 10580: 10579:9789996845413 10576: 10572: 10568: 10567: 10560: 10558: 10557: 10552: 10547: 10526: 10525: 10520: 10515: 10511: 10507: 10502: 10498: 10496:0-7735-2820-2 10492: 10488: 10483: 10479: 10473: 10469: 10464: 10463: 10442: 10438: 10434: 10427: 10411: 10407: 10403: 10397: 10381: 10377: 10373: 10367: 10351: 10347: 10343: 10337: 10321: 10317: 10310: 10294: 10290: 10286: 10280: 10264: 10260: 10254: 10238: 10234: 10230: 10224: 10208: 10204: 10200: 10194: 10178: 10174: 10170: 10163: 10147: 10143: 10139: 10133: 10117: 10113: 10112:Quartz Africa 10109: 10103: 10087: 10083: 10079: 10073: 10065: 10053: 10037: 10033: 10027: 10023: 10019: 10015: 10014: 10010:WIPO (2022). 10006: 9987: 9983: 9977: 9970: 9969: 9962: 9960: 9958: 9956: 9939: 9935: 9931: 9925: 9918: 9914: 9911: 9906: 9899: 9895: 9892: 9887: 9885: 9868: 9864: 9858: 9842: 9838: 9832: 9816: 9812: 9808: 9802: 9800: 9783: 9779: 9773: 9771: 9763: 9758: 9742: 9738: 9732: 9716: 9712: 9706: 9691: 9687: 9681: 9665: 9661: 9655: 9639: 9635: 9631: 9625: 9609: 9605: 9601: 9595: 9579: 9575: 9571: 9564: 9548: 9544: 9538: 9522: 9518: 9512: 9497: 9493: 9489: 9482: 9466: 9462: 9458: 9452: 9436: 9432: 9428: 9422: 9415: 9410: 9394: 9390: 9386: 9380: 9364: 9360: 9356: 9350: 9342: 9338: 9334: 9330: 9326: 9322: 9318: 9314: 9307: 9289: 9282: 9281: 9274: 9258: 9254: 9250: 9244: 9228: 9224: 9218: 9202: 9198: 9194: 9193: 9188: 9181: 9165: 9161: 9157: 9153: 9149: 9145: 9144: 9139: 9132: 9113: 9106: 9100: 9098: 9096: 9094: 9092: 9090: 9088: 9086: 9077: 9073: 9069: 9065: 9060: 9055: 9051: 9047: 9043: 9036: 9020: 9016: 9010: 8994: 8990: 8984: 8968: 8964: 8958: 8942: 8938: 8934: 8928: 8912: 8908: 8904: 8898: 8896: 8888: 8884: 8880: 8877: 8872: 8870: 8853: 8849: 8843: 8827: 8823: 8817: 8801: 8797: 8791: 8772: 8768: 8761: 8755: 8736: 8729: 8722: 8720: 8703: 8699: 8695: 8689: 8683: 8679: 8675: 8672: 8666: 8650: 8646: 8642: 8636: 8617: 8610: 8604: 8598: 8592: 8588: 8587: 8582: 8576: 8567: 8563: 8559: 8553: 8537: 8533: 8529: 8523: 8507: 8503: 8497: 8481: 8477: 8471: 8455: 8451: 8447: 8441: 8425: 8421: 8417: 8411: 8404: 8399: 8383: 8379: 8375: 8369: 8353: 8349: 8348:www.11ikc.com 8345: 8339: 8323: 8319: 8315: 8309: 8293: 8289: 8283: 8267: 8263: 8262: 8257: 8253: 8247: 8231: 8227: 8221: 8205: 8201: 8195: 8180: 8176: 8170: 8154: 8150: 8144: 8128: 8124: 8120: 8116: 8110: 8106: 8105: 8097: 8081: 8077: 8071: 8055: 8051: 8044: 8036: 8034:9781107507180 8030: 8026: 8019: 8003: 7999: 7995: 7989: 7973: 7969: 7968:Africa Portal 7965: 7958: 7951: 7947: 7944: 7938: 7922: 7918: 7914: 7908: 7892: 7888: 7884: 7878: 7870: 7866: 7860: 7844: 7840: 7836: 7830: 7828: 7826: 7824: 7807: 7803: 7797: 7781: 7777: 7773: 7767: 7765: 7763: 7743: 7740:. p. 3. 7736: 7729: 7713: 7709: 7705: 7698: 7691: 7687: 7684: 7678: 7667: 7661: 7654: 7650: 7647: 7641: 7625: 7621: 7615: 7608: 7604: 7601: 7596: 7580: 7576: 7572: 7565: 7549: 7545: 7541: 7535: 7528: 7524: 7521: 7516: 7497: 7493: 7486: 7480: 7464: 7460: 7456: 7450: 7434: 7430: 7426: 7422: 7418: 7414: 7410: 7406: 7399: 7383: 7379: 7375: 7371: 7364: 7362: 7345: 7341: 7337: 7333: 7329: 7325: 7321: 7317: 7310: 7304:, p. 58. 7303: 7298: 7291: 7286: 7270: 7266: 7262: 7256: 7240: 7236: 7232: 7228: 7221: 7215:, p. 74. 7214: 7209: 7193: 7189: 7182: 7166: 7162: 7158: 7154: 7150: 7146: 7142: 7138: 7134: 7130: 7123: 7121: 7112: 7108: 7104: 7098: 7090: 7086: 7081: 7076: 7072: 7068: 7064: 7057: 7041: 7037: 7033: 7029: 7025: 7021: 7017: 7013: 7009: 7005: 6998: 6982: 6978: 6974: 6970: 6966: 6962: 6958: 6954: 6947: 6945: 6928: 6924: 6920: 6916: 6912: 6908: 6904: 6900: 6896: 6892: 6885: 6869: 6865: 6861: 6854: 6852: 6850: 6833: 6829: 6825: 6821: 6817: 6813: 6806: 6791: 6787: 6783: 6777: 6761: 6757: 6753: 6749: 6745: 6741: 6737: 6733: 6726: 6724: 6722: 6705: 6701: 6697: 6693: 6689: 6685: 6681: 6677: 6670: 6668: 6666: 6649: 6645: 6639: 6631: 6627: 6622: 6617: 6613: 6609: 6604: 6599: 6595: 6591: 6587: 6583: 6579: 6571: 6552: 6545: 6538: 6522: 6518: 6512: 6510: 6508: 6491: 6487: 6483: 6477: 6458: 6451: 6444: 6442: 6425: 6421: 6417: 6411: 6395: 6391: 6390:Secret Africa 6387: 6380: 6372: 6368: 6362: 6354: 6353: 6346: 6330: 6326: 6322: 6315: 6299: 6295: 6291: 6285: 6269: 6265: 6261: 6255: 6253: 6236: 6232: 6228: 6222: 6206: 6202: 6198: 6192: 6176: 6172: 6168: 6162: 6146: 6142: 6138: 6132: 6117: 6113: 6109: 6103: 6087: 6083: 6079: 6073: 6057: 6053: 6052:www.goway.com 6049: 6043: 6027: 6023: 6019: 6013: 5997: 5993: 5987: 5971: 5967: 5963: 5957: 5941: 5937: 5930: 5923: 5919: 5913: 5897: 5893: 5889: 5883: 5867: 5863: 5859: 5853: 5837: 5833: 5829: 5823: 5807: 5803: 5799: 5793: 5791: 5782: 5778: 5774: 5770: 5766: 5762: 5758: 5754: 5747: 5740: 5734: 5718: 5714: 5707: 5700: 5694: 5678: 5671: 5664: 5658: 5642: 5638: 5637: 5632: 5625: 5617: 5613: 5609: 5605: 5598: 5592: 5591:9781920287702 5588: 5584: 5580: 5575: 5567: 5563: 5559: 5555: 5548: 5540: 5536: 5532: 5528: 5521: 5513: 5509: 5505: 5501: 5494: 5478: 5474: 5467: 5459: 5455: 5451: 5447: 5443: 5439: 5432: 5426: 5425:9781920287702 5422: 5418: 5414: 5409: 5401: 5400: 5392: 5386: 5378: 5374: 5370: 5363: 5348: 5344: 5338: 5336: 5319: 5315: 5311: 5307: 5303: 5299: 5295: 5291: 5287: 5283: 5276: 5268: 5264: 5260: 5256: 5252: 5248: 5244: 5240: 5233: 5227: 5226:9780226900155 5223: 5219: 5213: 5205: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5189: 5185: 5181: 5177: 5169: 5154: 5150: 5144: 5128: 5124: 5123: 5118: 5112: 5096: 5092: 5088: 5084: 5080: 5076: 5072: 5068: 5064: 5060: 5056: 5052: 5051: 5046: 5042: 5035: 5029: 5028:9780810854673 5025: 5021: 5015: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4987: 4983: 4979: 4972: 4956: 4952: 4946: 4938: 4936:9780823920082 4932: 4928: 4923: 4922: 4913: 4897: 4893: 4889: 4885: 4881: 4877: 4873: 4869: 4862: 4856: 4843: 4839: 4838: 4833: 4827: 4825: 4808: 4804: 4803:HarperCollins 4800: 4799: 4794: 4788: 4772: 4768: 4762: 4743: 4739: 4732: 4726: 4710: 4706: 4699: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4669: 4662: 4658: 4655: 4654:IMF, Botswana 4650: 4648: 4646: 4644: 4627: 4620: 4614: 4598: 4594: 4590: 4584: 4565: 4562:. p. 9. 4558: 4552: 4537: 4533: 4532: 4527: 4521: 4514: 4499: 4495: 4488: 4482: 4466: 4462: 4461:Bloomberg.com 4458: 4452: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4427: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4403: 4397: 4384: 4380: 4379: 4374: 4368: 4362: 4356: 4352: 4351: 4346: 4340: 4325: 4321: 4320: 4315: 4309: 4307: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4293: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4267: 4265: 4263: 4258: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4224: 4215: 4179: 4166: 4159: 4123: 4119: 4113: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4092: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4072: 4068: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4049: 4045: 4034: 4031: 4030:Africa portal 4020: 4013: 4010: 4005: 4003: 3999: 3998:mobile phones 3995: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3966: 3962: 3960: 3956: 3951: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3925: 3920: 3919:solar charger 3916: 3910: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3893:for 2016 and 3892: 3888: 3881: 3876: 3871: 3861: 3859: 3853: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3837: 3829: 3824: 3818: 3808: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3753: 3749: 3748:Isaac Makwala 3745: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3728: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3717:Olympic medal 3714: 3710: 3707:in 1991. The 3706: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3661:national team 3658: 3654: 3648: 3644: 3635: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3591: 3588: 3584: 3574: 3572: 3567: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3552: 3550: 3545: 3540: 3536: 3525: 3521: 3514: 3503: 3493: 3483: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3459: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3443: 3440: 3435: 3433: 3432:AIDS pandemic 3428: 3420: 3415: 3410: 3400: 3397: 3393: 3388: 3385: 3381: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3353: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3336:(mainly from 3335: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3320: 3318: 3315: 3313: 3310: 3308: 3304: 3302: 3299: 3297: 3294: 3292: 3289: 3287: 3284: 3283: 3282: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3251: 3249: 3245: 3236: 3234: 3230: 3221: 3219: 3215: 3206: 3204: 3200: 3191: 3189: 3185: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3153: 3143: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3126:(Sekalanga), 3125: 3120: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3087: 3083: 3067: 3065: 3062: 3060: 3057: 3054: 3051: 3049: 3046: 3044: 3041: 3038: 3037: 3033: 3031: 3028: 3026: 3023: 3020: 3017: 3015: 3012: 3010: 3007: 3004: 3003: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2992: 2989: 2986: 2983: 2981: 2978: 2976: 2973: 2970: 2969: 2965: 2963: 2960: 2958: 2955: 2952: 2949: 2947: 2944: 2942: 2939: 2936: 2935: 2931: 2929: 2926: 2924: 2921: 2918: 2915: 2913: 2910: 2908: 2905: 2902: 2901: 2897: 2895: 2892: 2890: 2887: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2868: 2867: 2863: 2861: 2858: 2856: 2853: 2850: 2847: 2845: 2842: 2840: 2837: 2834: 2833: 2829: 2827: 2824: 2822: 2819: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2800: 2799: 2795: 2793: 2790: 2788: 2787:Selibe Phikwe 2785: 2782: 2779: 2777: 2774: 2772: 2769: 2766: 2765: 2762: 2757: 2750: 2748: 2745: 2743: 2740: 2737: 2734: 2732: 2729: 2727: 2724: 2721: 2719: 2714: 2709: 2704: 2699: 2696: 2694: 2691: 2689: 2686: 2684: 2681: 2679: 2676: 2674: 2671: 2669: 2666: 2664: 2661: 2659: 2656: 2654: 2653: 2634: 2630: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2610: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2587: 2583: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2557: 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fair 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1866:head of state 1863: 1859: 1858: 1853: 1849: 1844: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1818: 1815:has been the 1814: 1810: 1805: 1801: 1791: 1788: 1784: 1779: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1763: 1742: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1726:environmental 1722: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1691: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1643: 1638: 1628: 1626: 1622: 1621:Zambezi River 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1585:Limpopo River 1579: 1574: 1570: 1568: 1564: 1556: 1551: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1528: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1517:Caprivi Strip 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1485: 1483: 1482:Seretse Khama 1479: 1475: 1461: 1458: 1454: 1451: 1450:Seretse Khama 1447: 1443: 1439: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1401: 1396: 1392: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1376: 1374: 1373: 1372:fait accompli 1368: 1364: 1360: 1359:German Empire 1356: 1350: 1340: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1326: 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