63:
56:
40:
332:
451:, craters and buildings demolitions were recorded at Tell el-Ajjul and in its vicinity through aerial photography. Though thousands of artefacts have been discovered at from Tell el-Ajjul, evidencing that the settlement was "an extremely rich and important trade hub", the finds were moved to other countries.
437:
A large amount of imported pottery from Cyprus has been discovered. These imports begin with Base-ring I, and White Slip I types of pottery. In particular, over 200 sherds of White Slip I have been found, which pottery is rarely found outside of Cyprus. The majority of the sherds, nevertheless, are
446:
A combination of erosion and human intervention in the form of bulldozing have left the tell smaller than it was in the first half of the 20th century. After the conclusion of excavations at Tell el-Ajjul in the early 21st century the site was buried and adapted to agriculture. The area underwent
421:
in Sweden. The department was established in 1994 and the work at Tell el-Ajjul was one of several international collaborations as the
Palestinian people took on a greater role in fieldwork in the country. In 1999 and 2000 the archaeological fieldwork was led by
438:
of the later White Slip II and Base-ring II wares. There are also sherds of other kinds of
Cypriot pottery, including Bichrome Wheel-made, Monochrome, Red Lustrous Wheel-made, and White Painted V/VI. Mycenean pottery and such from Upper Egypt were also found.
351:, in contrast with Petrie's initial identification with ancient Gaza. Eusebius placed Beth Eglaim at eight Roman miles from Gaza. The name is absent from the Bible, and is given by Eusebius in Greek as Bethaglaim.
1228:
The White Slip Ware of Late Bronze Age Cyprus: Proceedings of an
International Conference Organized by the Anastasios G. Leventis Foundation, Nicosia, in Honour of Malcolm Wiener. Nicosia, 29th-30th October
790:
Green, John D. M., and Ros Henry, editors. “Tell El-‘Ajjul, 1930-2.” Olga
Tufnell’s “Perfect Journey”: Letters and Photographs of an Archaeologist in the Levant and Mediterranean, UCL Press, 2021, pp. 154–98
779:
1121:
Fischer, Peter M.; Sadeq, Moain (2002). "Tell el-ʿAjjul 2000: Second Season
Preliminary Report, with contributions by Anne Lykke, Rainer Feldbacher, Michael Weigl and Christa Mlinar".
1219:
A comparative study of the regional distribution of
Cypriote pottery in Canaan and Egypt in the Late Bronze Age. Doctoral Dissertation, Department of Fine Arts, New York University
1256:
The
Chronology of Base-ring Ware and Bichrome Wheel-made Ware: Proceedings of a Colloquium held in the Royal Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities, Stockholm, May 18-19 2000
1238:
The
Chronology of Base-ring Ware and Bichrome Wheel-made Ware: Proceedings of a Colloquium held in the Royal Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities, Stockholm, May 18-19 2000
417:
Plans for new investigations at Tell el-Ajjul began to be developed in 1998 as a joint collaboration between the recently formed
Department of Antiquities of Palestine and the
1254:
Fischer, Peter M. (2001). "Cypriote
Bichrome Wheel-made Ware and Base-ring Ware from the New Excavations Tell El-ʿAjjul: Synchronism and Dating". In Åström, Paul (ed.).
447:
significant landcapes changes with clearances in the 2000s followed by the construction of new buildings nearby and infrastructure such as roads. Around the time of the
238:
Tell el-Ajjul is about 1.8 kilometres (1.1 mi) inland from the modern coastline. It is close to the main land route between ancient Egypt and the Levant.
1136:
The Synchronization of Civilizations in the Second Millenium B.C. II: Proceedings of the SCIEM 2000 — EuroConference, Haindorf 2nd of May - 7th of May 2001
1134:
Fischer, Peter M. (2003). "The Preliminary Chronology of Tell El-ʿAjjul: Results of the Renewed Excavations in 1999 and 2000". In Bietak, Manfred (ed.).
355:
1410:. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University Microfilms. pp. 46–57, 82–84, 101–129, 146–147, 149–150, 162, 166, 231–242, 287–289, 339–353, 389–404, 430–442.
1570:
768:
1108:
Fischer, Peter M.; Sadeq, Moain (1999). "Tell el-ʿAjjul 1999. A Joint Palestinian-Swedish Field Project: First Season Preliminary Report".
757:
746:
735:
102:
271:
In the MB IIB, the population increased and many sites developed in the southern Levant. Tell el-Ajjul had the largest number of Egyptian
319:
of Egypt in a very powerful position. The follow-up treaty was signed at Jaffa by Al-Kamil and the leader of the Sixth Crusade, Emperor
1479:
The Chronology of the Middle Bronze Age Tombs at Tell el Ajjul. Doctoral Dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Utah
55:
942:
El Khoudary, Yasmeen (2019), "Gaza's Historical Cycles of Prosperity and Destruction", in Yacobi, Haim; Nasasra, Mansour (eds.),
430:
because of a common interest in the protection and exploration of the site. The work was interrupted due to the outbreak of the
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320:
1350:
Merrillees, Robert S. (1974). "Appendix III: Tell el-ʿAjjul Fine and Imported Wares". In Kassis, Hanna E. (ed.).
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1502:; Kempinski, Aharon (1993). "ʿAjjul, Tel". In Stern, Ephraim; Lewinson-Gilboa, Ayelet; Aviram, Joseph (eds.).
300:
1575:
303:. These were in fact two different treaties, the first being the one signed at Tell Ajul by the competing
19:
This article is about an archaeological site near Gaza. For the Palestinian village in the West Bank, see
929:
In : Leaving No Stones Unturned / Hansen Donald P. - Winona Lake : Eisenbrauns, 2002. - p.23-41
283:
Large quantities of pumice were deposited during the Late Bronze Age, which may have been caused by the
802:
1150:
Artzy, Michal; Asaro, Frank; Perlman, Isadore (1973). "The Origin of the Palestinian 'Bichrome' Ware".
1408:
Burial Practices in Palestine During the Bronze Age. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Pennsylvania
631:
Jerusalem in the Time of the Crusades: Society, Landscape and Art in the Holy City Under Frankish Rule
460:
379:
1310:
Kenyon, Kathleen (1956). "Tombs of the Intermediate Early Bronze–Middle Bronze Age at Tell Ajjul".
1303:
Syrien und Palästina (Kanaan) in der letzten Phase der Mittelbronze-zwei-B-Zeit (1650-1570 v. Chr.)
418:
315:
and various smaller principalities. This treaty settled their territorial disputes and left Sultan
219:
1038:
842:"Tell El-ʿajjul 1999: A Joint Palestinian-Swedish Field Project: First Season Preliminary Report"
551:"Tell El-ʿajjul 1999: A Joint Palestinian-Swedish Field Project: First Season Preliminary Report"
517:"Tell El-ʿajjul 1999: A Joint Palestinian-Swedish Field Project: First Season Preliminary Report"
1236:
Bergoffen, Celia J. (2001). "The Base Ring Pottery from Tell El-ʿAjjul". In Åström, Paul (ed.).
1226:
Bergoffen, Celia J. (2001). "The Proto White Slip and White Slip I Pottery from Tell El-Ajjul".
701:
491:"II. Preliminary Results | Swedish Archaeology in Jordan, Palestine and Cyprus, Peter Fischer"
1325:"A Group of Metal Weapons from Tell el-ʿAjjul in the Hunterian Museum, University of Glasgow"
924:
667:
629:
1272:
1179:
Albright, William F. (1938). "The Chronology of a South Palestinian City, Tell El-ʿAjjul".
1192:
382:
of Bronze Age gold jewellery, considered to be among the greatest Bronze Age finds in the
370:
In 1930-1934 Tell el-Ajjul was excavated by British archaeologists under the direction of
8:
371:
1399:
A Future for the Past: Petrie's Palestinian Collection. Essays and Exhibition Catalogue
1385:
1196:
1167:
978:"Establishing a baseline for the study of maritime cultural heritage in the Gaza Strip"
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562:
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411:
206:
82:
1258:. Stockholm: The Royal Academy of Letters, History, and Antiquities. pp. 221–230.
1389:
1200:
999:
957:
894:
781:
Petrie W.M.F. 1954. "City of shepherd Kings, and Ancient Gaza V", (BSAE LXIV). London
709:
673:
639:
596:
387:
1240:. Stockholm: The Royal Academy of Letters, History, and Antiquities. pp. 31–50.
1377:
1368:
Sparks, Rachael Thyrza (2005). "The Lost Loci of Tell el-ʿAjjul: Petrie's Area C".
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39:
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431:
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Position of Tell el-Ajjul among other Bronze and Early Iron Age tells in the area
304:
284:
176:
24:
1094:. Israel Antiquities Authority Scientific Archive, British Mandatory Collection.
1545:
1341:
1324:
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Swedish Archaeology in Jordan, Palestine and Cyprus, Tell el-’Ajjul excavations
911:
490:
407:
403:
223:
214:. The fortified city excavated at the site dates as far back as ca. 2000-1800
1554:
1099:
Petrie, William Flinders; Mackay, Ernest J. H .; Murray, Margaret A. (1952).
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898:
813:
465:
448:
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proposed identifying Tell el-Ajjul with Sharuhen, the last stronghold of the
296:
117:
104:
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953:
1504:
The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land, Vol. I
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1487:
1440:
1424:
375:
287:. If proven correct, this would offer a good correlation and dating tool.
263:
In the MBIIA, Tell el-Ajjul was an important city in the Southern Levant.
246:
Archaeologists have excavated remains dated mainly to the Middle and Late
770:
Petrie W.M.F. 1934. "Ancient Gaza III: Tell el Ajjūl", (BSAE LVI). London
708:. Vol. 1 (reprint, revised ed.). Wm. B. Eerdmans. p. 465.
470:
427:
186:
1490:(1976). "El-ʿAjjul, Tell (Beth ʿEglayim)". In Avi-Yonah, Michael (ed.).
1468:
Liid, Dale (1992). ""ʿAjjul, Tell el-"". In Freedman, David Noel (ed.).
1288:
Kempinski, Aharon (1974). "Tell el-ʿAjjûl — Beth-Aglayim or Sharuḥen?".
1231:. Wien: Östterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. pp. 145–156.
1221:. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University Microfilms. pp. 153–210, 390–496.
857:
841:
759:
Petrie W.M.F. 1933. "Ancient Gaza III: Tell el Ajjūl", (BSAE LV). London
748:
Petrie W.M.F. 1934. "Ancient Gaza II: Tell el Ajjūl", (BSAE LIV). London
737:
Petrie W.M.F. 1931. "Ancient Gaza I: Tell el Ajjūl", (BSAE LIII). London
566:
550:
532:
516:
1427:(1962). "The Courtyard Cemetery at Tell el-Tell el-ʿAjjul, Palestine".
1138:. Wien: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. pp. 263–294.
615:
Daphna Ben-Tor (2007) Scarabs, Chronology, and Interconnections, p. 168
215:
211:
150:
1171:
1103:. London: British School of Egypitan Archaeology, University College.
1083:. London: British School of Archaeology in Egypt, University College.
1074:. London: British School of Archaeology in Egypt, University College.
1065:. London: British School of Archaeology in Egypt, University College.
1056:. London: British School of Archaeology in Egypt, University College.
635:
323:, thus removing the threat posed to Al-Kamil by the European armies.
227:
1518:
1506:. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society & Carta. pp. 49–53.
1459:
Dessel, J. P. (1997). "ʿAjjul, Tell el-". In Meyers, Eric M. (ed.).
1032:
Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine
1492:
Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land, Vol. I
1163:
340:
316:
1443:(1980). "A Review of the Contents of Cave 303 at Tell el-ʿAjjul".
1265:
Burial Patterns & Cultural Diversity in Late Bronze Age Canaan
889:
1461:
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Middle East, Vol. 1
1091:
Tell El Ajjul Drawings books 1933/34. Doc. no. SRF_187a (278/278)
406:
were also uncovered. Most of the collection is preserved at the
1463:. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 38–40.
672:. State University of New York (SUNY) Press. pp. 197–198.
669:
From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus 1193-1260
590:
395:
383:
374:, who thought the site was ancient Gaza. He was accompanied by
359:
1498:
1401:. London: Institute of Archaeology, University College London.
976:
Andreou, Georgia M.; Fradley, M.; Blue, L.; Breen, C. (2024).
827:
Ancient Gaza Chapter III: Scarabs Tell El Ajjul (London, 1933)
1275:"A Palestinian Vase-Painter of the Sixteenth Century B. C.".
391:
312:
308:
20:
591:
Avraham Negev and Shimon Gibson (2001). "Ajjul (Tell el-)".
926:
Early Late Cypriot Ceramic Exports to Canaan: White Slip I.
699:
331:
1277:
Quarterly of the Department of Antiquities of Palestine
975:
1525:. Institute of Archaeology, University College, London
914:, Season 2000, Preliminary Results -- by Peter Fischer
1349:
1181:
American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures
1035:. Vol. 1: Judee, pt. 2. Paris, L'Imprimerie Imp.
665:
1267:. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns. pp. 70–82.
1143:
1225:
1098:
595:. New York and London: Continuum. pp. 25–26.
1149:
1133:
937:
935:
1552:
1312:Annual of the Department of Antiquities (Jordan)
1415:Stewart, J. R. (1974). Kassis, Hanna E. (ed.).
1207:Stewart, J. R. (1974). Kassis, Hanna E. (ed.).
873:"The Current State of Archaeology in Palestine"
932:
627:
1486:
1481:. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University Microfilms.
1458:
706:The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
586:
584:
582:
580:
578:
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1546:Palestinian-Swedish Project at Tell el-Ajjul
1417:Tel El-ʿAjjul: The Middle Bronze Age Remains
1352:Tel el-'Ajjul: The Middle Bronze Age Remains
1305:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. pp. 131–148.
1209:Tel El-ʿAjjul: The Middle Bronze Age Remains
1120:
1107:
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593:Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land
548:
544:
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378:. One of Flinders Petrie's discoveries were
16:Archaeological site in Gaza Strip, Palestine
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1361:The Hoards of Goldwork from Tell el-ʿAjjul
846:Ägypten und Levante / Egypt and the Levant
798:
796:
623:
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555:Ägypten und Levante / Egypt and the Levant
521:Ägypten und Levante / Egypt and the Levant
38:
23:. For the tell in the Jezreel Valley, see
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1101:City of Shepherd Kings and Ancient Gaza V
993:
888:
539:
1472:. New York: Doubleday. pp. 133–134.
1452:
1429:Bulletin of the Institute of Archaeology
1322:
1178:
1152:Journal of the American Oriental Society
945:Routledge Handbook on Middle East Cities
840:Fischer, Peter M.; Sadeq, Moain (2000).
824:
549:Fischer, Peter M.; Sadeq, Moain (2000).
515:Fischer, Peter M.; Sadeq, Moain (2000).
330:
1439:
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1249:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. passim.
1244:
793:
700:Geoffrey William Bromiley, ed. (1979).
618:
339:Ajjul is one of the proposed sites for
1571:Archaeological sites in the Gaza Strip
1553:
1519:"Institute of Archaeology Collections"
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1511:
1406:Stiebeing, William Henry Jr. (1970).
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1193:10.1086/amerjsemilanglit.55.4.3088117
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948:(1 ed.), Routledge, p. 92,
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1523:Institute of Archaeology Collections
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1470:The Anchor Bible Dictionary, Vol. I
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285:Thera (Santorini) volcanic eruption
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299:came to an end with the so-called
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1587:
1539:
1144:Subsequent Archaeological Studies
1079:Petrie, William Flinders (1934).
1070:Petrie, William Flinders (1933).
1061:Petrie, William Flinders (1932).
1052:Petrie, William Flinders (1931).
365:
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354:In the 1970s, the archaeologist
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222:. It is located at the mouth of
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1397:Sparks, Rachael Thyrza (2007).
1370:Palestine Exploration Quarterly
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70:Shown within State of Palestine
1477:Robertson, Brian Mark (1999).
1447:. XIV (English Series): 37–48.
1419:. Göteborg: P. Aströms Förlag.
1354:. Göteborg: P. Aströms Förlag.
1211:. Göteborg: P. Aströms Förlag.
729:
693:
666:Humphreys, R. Stephen (1977).
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204:is an archaeological mound or
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1561:History of Palestine (region)
995:10.1080/00310328.2022.2037923
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301:Treaty of Jaffa and Tell Ajul
218:and was inhabited during the
1566:Archaeology of the Near East
1088:Murray, Margaret A. (1934).
7:
1535:(Search for "place=Ajjul").
454:
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1592:
1342:10.53131/VO2724-587X2013_7
1301:Kempinski, Aharon (1983).
1290:Israel Exploration Journal
814:Rockefeller Museum website
291:Treaty of Tell Ajul (1229)
273:Second Intermediate Period
241:
226:just south of the town of
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1323:Massafra, Angela (2013).
1247:Palestinian Bichrome Ware
1217:Bergoffen, Celia (1989).
825:Flinders, Petrie (1933).
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461:Tell el-Ajjul gold hoards
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1363:. Gothenburg: P. Ästrøm.
1245:Epstein, Claire (1966).
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347:mentioned in Eusebius's
1382:10.1179/174313005x37943
954:10.4324/9781315625164-7
628:Adrian J. Boas (2001).
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1453:Encyclopedia Articles
1263:Gonen, Rivka (1992).
871:Taha, Hamdan (2010).
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162:Excavation dates
44:Tell el-Ajjul in 1954
1359:Negbi, Oren (1970).
923:Celia J. Bergoffen,
165:1930–1934; 1999–2000
1576:Tells (archaeology)
1037:(visit in 1863: p.
495:Fischer Archaeology
372:Sir Flinders Petrie
267:Middle Bronze IIB-C
118:31.4677°N 34.4043°E
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1512:Museum Collections
1123:Ägypten und Levant
1110:Ägypten und Levant
1046:Excavation Reports
1020:Early Descriptions
860:– via JSTOR.
569:– via JSTOR.
535:– via JSTOR.
412:Rockefeller Museum
410:in London and the
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963:978-1-315-62516-4
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1527:. Retrieved
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498:. Retrieved
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442:Conservation
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388:Scarab seals
380:three hoards
376:Olga Tufnell
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29:
1335:: 115–133.
527:: 212–213.
471:Ein HaBesor
428:Moain Sadeq
349:Onomasticon
345:Beth Eglaim
279:Late Bronze
187:Moain Sadeq
121: /
97:Coordinates
1555:Categories
721:9 December
679:0873952634
634:. London:
500:19 October
477:References
307:rulers of
248:Bronze Age
220:Bronze Age
212:Gaza Strip
157:Site notes
151:Bronze Age
137:Settlement
109:34°24′15″E
106:31°28′04″N
92:Gaza Strip
1390:162607846
1201:171054400
1004:0031-0328
899:1759-2941
636:Routledge
400:Sekhaenre
275:imports.
83:Palestine
1318:: 41–55.
1283:: 21–37.
1029:(1869).
858:23783495
567:23783495
533:23783495
455:See also
343:and for
341:Sharuhen
317:Al-Kamil
234:Location
79:Location
1529:30 June
1445:ʿAtiqot
1435:: 1–37.
852:: 211.
561:: 213.
305:Ayyubid
242:History
210:in the
147:Periods
142:History
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1172:600164
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396:Sheshi
384:Levant
360:Hyksos
89:Region
1386:S2CID
1197:S2CID
1168:JSTOR
854:JSTOR
563:JSTOR
529:JSTOR
404:'Ammu
392:Apepi
313:Syria
309:Egypt
21:Ajjul
1531:2015
1333:XVII
1229:1998
1000:ISSN
958:ISBN
895:ISSN
723:2019
710:ISBN
687:2015
674:ISBN
653:2015
640:ISBN
597:ISBN
502:2020
426:and
402:and
295:The
228:Gaza
207:tell
134:Type
1378:doi
1374:137
1337:doi
1189:doi
1160:doi
1127:XII
1039:212
990:doi
986:156
950:doi
885:doi
216:BCE
200:or
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