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821:, which used the upper rooms of Temple Bar as storage space. Whilst critiquing the moral poverty of late 18th-century London, Dickens wrote that in matters of crime and punishment, "putting to death was a recipe much in vogue", and illustrated the horror caused by severed heads "exposed on Temple Bar with an insensate brutality and ferocity".
249:. By 1351, a timber archway had been built housing a small prison above it. The earliest known documentary and historical notice of Temple Bar is in 1327, concerning a hearing before the mayor regarding a right of way in the area. In 1384, Richard II granted a licence for paving the Strand Street from Temple Bar to the
151:. To regulate trade into the City, barriers were erected on the major entrance routes wherever the true boundary was a substantial distance from the nearest ancient gatehouse in the walls. Temple Bar was the most used of these, since traffic between the City of London (England's prime commercial centre) and the
566:
resolved to contribute funds for the return of Temple Bar Gate to the City. On 13 October 2003 the first stone was dismantled at
Theobalds Park and all were placed on 500 pallets for storage. In 2004 it was returned to the City of London where it was painstakingly re-erected as an entrance to the
292:. When he had fought his way down Piccadilly to The Strand, Temple Bar was thrown open to him, or forced open by him; but when he had been repulsed at Ludgate he was hemmed in by cavalry at Temple Bar, where he surrendered. This revolt persuaded the government to go through with the execution of
95:
Inns of Court. As the most important entrance to the City of London from
Westminster, it was formerly long the custom for the monarch to halt at the Temple Bar before entering the City of London, in order for the Lord Mayor to offer the Corporation's pearl-encrusted Sword of State as a token of
416:
described it as "that leaden-headed old obstruction, appropriate ornament for the threshold of a leaden-headed old corporation" (the City of London corporation). It was also the subject of jokes, "Why is Temple Bar like a lady's veil? Both must be raised (razed) for
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passed through the Bar on 31 May 1534, the day before her coronation, on her way to the Tower. On that occasion Temple Bar was new painted and repaired, and near it stood singing men and children—the Fleet Street conduit all the time running
725:
562:, but Wren's Temple Bar Gatehouse was excluded from the sale and retained by the Meux trustees in the park. In 1984 it was bought by the Temple Bar Trust from the Meux Trust for the sum of £1. In December 2001 the City's
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The historic ceremony of the monarch halting at Temple Bar and being met by the Lord Mayor has often featured in art and literature. It is commented on in televised coverage of modern-day royal ceremonial processions.
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575:, opening to the public on 10 November 2004. The total cost of the project was over £3 million, funded mainly by the City of London, with donations from the Temple Bar Trust and several City Livery Companies.
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had dropped and the arches were propped up with timbers. The steady increase in horse and cart traffic led to complaints that Temple Bar was becoming a bottleneck, holding back the City trade. In 1878 the
628:, Architect and Surveyor to the City of London, designed a memorial to mark Temple Bar, which was unveiled in 1880. The Temple Bar Memorial stands in the street in front of the Royal Courts of Justice.
1340:
713:
425:). It was noted in jest "as a weak spot in our defences", since one could walk through the adjoining barbershop where one door opened on to the City and the other in the area of Westminster.
161:
437:, eager to widen the road but unwilling to destroy so historic a monument, dismantled it piece-by-piece over an 11-day period and stored its 2,700 stones carefully. In 1880 the brewer
401:) were all demolished in the 1760s, but Temple Bar remained despite its impediment to the ever-growing traffic. The upper-storey room was leased to the neighbouring banking house of
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921:
874:, in which one of the main characters, Martin, points "at the splayed-out figure at Temple Bar; it looked as ridiculous as usual – something between a serpent and a fowl."
345:, it is a two-story structure consisting of one wide central arch for the road traffic, flanked on both sides by narrower arches for pedestrians. On the upper part, four
264:, queen of Henry VII, halted at Temple Bar, on its way from the Tower to Westminster, and at the Bar the Abbots of Westminster and Bermondsey blessed the corpse, and the
578:
In
September 2022, Temple Bar London, consisting of the gateway and an adjacent building (Paternoster Lodge), was officially reopened by the Duke of Gloucester and the
834:, he contrasts the beauty of the Temple Bar gateway at the highest point on the road leading to the hellish paper factory, which he calls a "Dantean Gateway" (in his
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are depicted on the east side. During the 18th century the heads of convicted traitors were frequently mounted on pikes and exhibited on the roof, as was the case on
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99:'Temple Bar' strictly refers to a notional bar or barrier across the route near The Temple precinct, but it is also used to refer to the 17th-century ornamental,
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of 1666, it was decided to rebuild it as part of the general improvement works made throughout the City after that devastating event. Commissioned by King
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to gates, called ‘bars’, which were erected across thoroughfares. To the west of the City of London, the bar was located adjacent to the area known as the
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was borne to
Westminster Abbey by the chief citizens and nobles, and every doorway from Southwark to Temple Bar had a torch-bearer. In 1503 the hearse of
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is first mentioned in 1293 and was probably only a chain or bar between a row of posts. More substantial structures with arches followed. After the
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155:(the political centre) passed through it. It was located where Fleet Street now meets The Strand, which is outside London's old boundary wall.
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The top of one of the gates was offered for sale by
Dreweatts Auctioneers in a London sale of surplus stock from LASSCO on 15 June 2013.
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owned his first London shop at Temple Bar, taken over from the ownership of James McEuen in 1728, to whom Millar had been apprenticed.
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Some authorities believe that the griffin which adorns Temple Bar is a copy of the Welsh dragon. It is Said to be
Curiously like it.
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next to St Paul's
Cathedral. In September 2022, the preserved Wren gateway and an adjacent building were officially opened by the
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971:"The manuscripts, Letter from Allan Ramsay to Andrew Millar, 20 May, 1735. Andrew Millar Project. University of Edinburgh"
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Artist's conception of the Temple Bar Gate at the commencement of the 18th century. Note heads on pikes above the gate.
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At the bar, the
Corporation of the City of London erected a barrier to regulate trade into the City. The 19th century
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following that building's demolition in 1962), while the others are smaller-scale versions of
Bunning's design.
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445:, bought the stones and re-erected the arch as the facade of a new gatehouse in the park of his mansion house
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817:(Book II, Chapter I), noting its proximity to the fictional Tellson's Bank on Fleet Street. This was in fact
107:, which spanned the roadway at the bar for two centuries. After Wren's gateway was removed in 1878, the
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North face, Queen
Victoria and the Prince (Edward VII) and Princess of Wales going to St Paul's, 1872
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monarchy: in its original setting, on the west side King Charles II is shown with his father King
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453:. There it remained, positioned in a woodland clearing, until 2003. A plaque now marks the site.
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were set at other entry points to the City. Two were originally created in 1849 by
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reached beyond the City's ancient defensive walls in several places, known as the
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was constructed between 1669 and 1672, by Thomas Knight, the City Mason, and
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1267:"The Stones of London: Public Art in Charlie Fletcher's Stoneheart Trilogy"
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52:. Temple Bar was situated on the historic royal ceremonial route from the
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Temple Bar Gate in 1870, when it was still located to mark the Temple Bar
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Although the then existing Bar Gate at the Temple escaped damage by the
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in Hertfordshire, the site of a former substantial prodigy house of
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44:. In the middle ages, London expanded city jurisdiction beyond its
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Temple Bar Gate (1878) required timber support props in the 1870s.
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topped by a dragon symbol of London, and containing statues of
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994:
Robinson, John. "Decline and Fall of a Monument: Temple Bar",
958:, Vol. 1. London: Cassell, Petter & Galpin, 1878. pp.22-31
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The dragon on top of the Temple Bar monument comes to life in
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The Collected Novels of Virginia Woolf – The Years, The Waves
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and a large company of nobles joined the funeral procession.
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South face, Queen Victoria's Progress to the Guildhall, 1837
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Relocated buildings and structures in the United Kingdom
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The Old Wooden Temple Bar before the Great Fire of 1666
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punished the rebellious Londoners, who had befriended
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The Paradise of Bachelors and the Tartarus of Maids
776:In the 1960s, similar but smaller and more subdued
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North face, Edward VII, when he was Prince of Wales
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68:, while the road to the west, in Westminster, was
373:. The other seven principal gateways to London, (
79:are located to its north, having been moved from
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1116:"First stone is dismantled - Temple Bar Gateway"
64:. The road east of the bar within the City was
1599:Buildings and structures in the City of London
1552:-gates: Great Stone Gateway and New Stone Gate
1334:The Return of Temple Bar to the City of London
538:Temple Bar Gate after reconstruction in
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196:but now home to two of the legal profession's
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1246:"Paradise of Bachelors and Tartarus of Maids"
554:In March 1938 Theobalds Park was sold by Sir
253:, and collecting tolls to cover the expense.
36:was the principal ceremonial entrance to the
683:Temple Bar Memorial in 2009 (installed 1880)
655:. The pedestal is decorated with statues by
639:style serves as the base for a sculpture by
200:, and within the City's ancient boundaries.
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1298:. New York: Harcourt Brace & Company.
591:Worshipful Company of Chartered Architects
129:Worshipful Company of Chartered Architects
1624:Tourist attractions in the City of London
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960:British History Online. Web. 21 July 2015
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524:Temple Bar Gate at Theobalds Park, 1999
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1065:"Theobalds Park - Temple Bar Gateway"
1594:Christopher Wren buildings in London
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671:which also decorate the structure.
571:redevelopment immediately north of
428:In 1874 it was discovered that the
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1344:website with history of Temple Bar
1043:National Heritage List for England
256:On 5 November 1422, the corpse of
171:Temple Bar (upper centre) between
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1316:
1225:. No. 3. Stanford University
954:Thornbury, Walter. "Temple Bar",
891:, a district of the same name in
855:'s children's book about London,
441:, at the instigation of his wife
284:led an uprising in opposition to
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1629:1672 establishments in England
1461:Listed clockwise from the West
1142:"About Temple Bar: Background"
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804:The Room over Temple Bar, 1876
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1604:History of the City of London
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759:Head (west) end of the dragon
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25:Temple Bar in 2012, with the
864:The dragon also features in
7:
1271:The Literary London Journal
975:www.millar-project.ed.ac.uk
877:
597:'s CIL Neighbourhood fund.
550:Upper room interior in 2024
530:The Gate's present location
16:Monument in London, England
10:
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695:South face, Queen Victoria
653:arms of the City of London
651:) bearing a shield of the
435:City of London Corporation
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184:Its name derives from the
145:City of London Corporation
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1323:Temple Bar London website
1244:Melville, Herman (1855).
844:describes the gateway to
771:The dragon from the south
1292:Woolf, Virginia (1937).
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811:mentioned Temple Bar in
784:for the entrance to the
560:Middlesex County Council
405:for storage of records.
327:, and attributed to Sir
288:'s proposed marriage to
192:, once belonging to the
1357:Encyclopædia Britannica
788:(and were relocated to
564:Court of Common Council
143:, the authority of the
77:Royal Courts of Justice
1360:(11th ed.). 1911.
1192:, Tuesday 1 March 1898
1189:Yorkshire Evening Post
1038:"Temple Bar (1393844)"
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619:, Tuesday 1 March 1898
617:Yorkshire Evening Post
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663:and her son the then
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179:on a 17th-century map
153:Palace of Westminster
58:Palace of Westminster
24:
1609:Grade I listed gates
1383:51.51361°N 0.11194°W
1091:"Temple Bar Gateway"
1013:www.victorianweb.org
884:Dragon boundary mark
814:A Tale of Two Cities
580:Lord Mayor of London
321:Great Fire of London
1525:(Tower) Posterngate
1379: /
1223:Discovering Dickens
790:Victoria Embankment
604:Temple Bar Memorial
573:St Paul's Cathedral
508:Temple Bar Gate at
408:In the 1853 novel,
361:whose parents King
349:celebrate the 1660
331:, the fine arch of
149:Liberties of London
127:as the home of the
109:Temple Bar Memorial
62:St Paul's Cathedral
42:City of Westminster
27:Temple Bar Memorial
1388:51.51361; -0.11194
1351:"Temple Bar"
1273:. 1 September 2011
1202:Details and photos
956:Old and New London
889:Temple Bar, Dublin
806:
747:in the background.
641:Charles Bell Birch
569:Paternoster Square
552:
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540:Paternoster Square
443:Valerie Susan Meux
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290:Philip II of Spain
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125:Duke of Gloucester
121:Paternoster Square
83:. To its south is
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1253:Harper's Magazine
1148:. 17 January 2020
1122:. 13 October 2003
778:dragon sculptures
585:as the home of a
262:Elizabeth of York
243:Simon de Montfort
235:Battle of Evesham
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