590:. In the Lê dynasty it was called Thái Học Viện and was developed further. This development included the Minh Luân house, west and east classrooms, a storehouse for wooden printing blocks and two sets of three 25 room dormitories. The Khải Thánh shrine was built to honour the parents of Confucius. In 1946, the courtyard was destroyed during the First Indochina War. In the year 2000, the fifth courtyard was reconstructed on grounds of the original "Imperial Academy". It honours the talents, the national traditions and the culture and education of Vietnam. The design of the new fifth courtyard were based on the traditional architecture in harmony with the surrounding sights of the temple. Several buildings were constructed including the front building, the rear building, the left and right buildings, a bell house and a drum house. The Thái Học courtyard occupies 1530 sq.m. of the temple's total area of 6150 sq.m. The front building has a number of functions. Ceremonies in memory of cultural scholars are organised from the front building as are scientific activities and cultural events. The rear building has two levels. The ground floor has a statue of Chu Văn An (a rector of the academy) and shows exhibits of the temple and the academy with a display on Confucian education in Vietnam.
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410:, Confucius' birthplace. It covers an area of over 54,000 square metres (580,000 sq ft), including the Văn lake, Giám park and the interior courtyards which are surrounded by a brick wall. In front of the Great Gate are four tall pillars. On either side of the pillars are two stelae commanding horsemen to dismount.
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The gate opens onto three pathways which continues through the complex. The centre path was reserved for the monarch and above the center path there is a big bronze bell, The path to the left is for the administrative
Mandarins and the path to the right is for military Mandarins. The interior of the
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with elaborate motifs to honour talent and encourage study. The Turtle (Quy, 龜) is one of the nation's four holy creatures - the others are the Dragon (Long, 龍), the
Unicorn (Lân, 麟) and the Phoenix (Phượng, 鳳). The turtle is a symbol of longevity and wisdom. The shape and size of the turtle changed
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On either side of the rear building are square buildings which hold a drum and a bronze bell. The drum is 2.01 metres (6 ft 7 in) wide, 2.65 metres (8 ft 8 in) high, has a volume of 10 m and weighs 700 kilograms (1,500 lb). The bell was cast in 2000, with dimensions of 2.1
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The upper floor is dedicated to the three monarchs who contributed most to the foundation of the temple and the academy: Lý Thánh Tông (1023–1072), who founded the temple in 1070, Lý Nhân Tông (1066–1127), who founded the
Imperial Academy, and Lê Thánh Tông (1442–1497), who ordered the erection of
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The bell located above the main gate was used to signify that an important person was coming through and was added to the Văn Miếu in the 19th century. The bell was made out of Bronze and could only be touched by monks. On the bell several patterns can be found including an outline of a phoenix,
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The doctors' steles are a valuable historical resource for the study of culture, education and sculpture in
Vietnam. 82 stelae remain. They depict the names and birthplaces of 1307 graduates of 82 triennial royal exams. Between 1442 and 1779, eighty-one exams were held by the
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242:(1225–1400) and in the subsequent dynasties. For nearly two centuries, despite wars and disasters, the temple has preserved ancient architectural styles of many dynasties as well as precious relics. Major restorations have taken place in 1920, 1954 and 2000.
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The students enrolled for three to seven years. They had minor tests each month and four major tests per year. Success in the exams, certified by the
Ministry of Rites (Bộ Lễ, 部禮) qualified them to sit the national exam (Hội Examination -
727:), held at court. At this exam, the monarch himself posed the questions, responded to the candidate's answer and then ranked those who passed into different grades. The Imperial Academy was the largest centre in the country.
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One enters the third courtyard from the Khuê Văn pavilion. In the third courtyard is the Thiên Quang well. On either side of the well stand two great halls which house the treasures of the temple.
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One enters the fourth courtyard through the Đại Thành gate. On either side are two smaller gates: Kim Thanh gate and the Ngọc Chấn gate. This courtyard is the ceremonial heart of the complex.
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In 1077 , Emperor Lý Nhân Tông ordered the construction of an imperial academy as a fifth courtyard. Literate mandarins were selected as students. In 1236, the academy was enlarged and named
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site is divided into five courtyards. The first two courtyards are quiet areas with ancient trees and trimmed lawns, where scholars would relax away from the bustle of the outside world.
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which represents beauty, and a dragon, which represents power. Both of these symbols are used to represent the
Emperor and Queen. A bell can be found in all of the pagodas in Vietnam.
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They are a valuable historical resource for the study of philosophy history, culture, education, society and sculpture in
Vietnam. The stelae were inscribed on
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On each side of the ceremonial fourth courtyard stand two halls. Their original purpose was to house altars to the seventy-two most honoured disciples of
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The first courtyard extends from the Great
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The second courtyard is known as the great central courtyard or sometimes the courtyard of great success. It features the Khuê Văn pavilion (
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Van Mieu Quoc Tu Giám: The Temple of
Literature, School for the Sons of the Nation, Hà Noi Viet Nam. A Walking Tour
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in 1906. During the period of 1945–1954, the French demolished parts of the temple to make additional room for the
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A military mandarin, a provincial chief and a prefect in solemn audience costume at the Văn Miếu temple in 1915,
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1017:(Chapter on history of Hanoi's Temple of Literature). Chiang Mai. Cognoscenti Books, 2012. ASIN: B006DCCM9Q.
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Van Mieu Quoc Tu Giam, The Gioi Publishers, Hanoi, Socialist Republic of Vietnam, 1994
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Third Courtyard of the temple with the Thiên Quang well and the red Khuê Văn pavilion
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Orchestra performing traditional music in honour of the royal founders and Confucius
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capital where they established a new imperial academy. The academy at the
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The Văn Miếu is one of several temples in Vietnam which is dedicated to
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Thiên Quang ("Heaven Light") Well, also known as Literature Well
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Many students lived and studied at the Temple. Most students (
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by 0.99 metres (6 ft 11 in by 3 ft 3 in).
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took place. The temple is featured on the back of the 100,000
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temple lost its prominence and became a school of the
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the turtle stone stelae of doctor laureates in 1484.
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will assemble outside the temple and write wishes in
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1021:Tran Doàn Lâm; Lê Bích Thuy; Bùi Kim Tuyen (2004).
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962:, EFEO, vol. 45, n° 45-1, pp. 89-118 (in French)
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1025:. Hanoi: Thế Giới Publishers. p. 85.
937:"The Best Things to do in Hanoi, Vietnam"
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554:Altars to Confucius and his disciples
949:"Complete History of the Great Viet"
917:. Hanoi Government. 26 November 2018
897:"Dịch hai chữ Văn Miếu ra tiếng Tây"
1015:Vietnam Past and Present: The North
1013:Forbes, Andrew, and Henley, David:
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31:: 文廟), literally translated as
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1512:Lệ Mật snake village
1177:Temple of Literature
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915:english.hanoi.gov.vn
874:in Đồng Nai, Vietnam
673:Doctrine of the Mean
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33:Temple of Literature
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1594:Vinhomes Times City
1502:Hàng Trống painting
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1436:Museum of Ethnology
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1275:Ba Vì National Park
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1192:Flag Tower of Hanoi
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703:" (Kinh Thư, 經書), "
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108:21.02861; 105.83556
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1610:Hilton Hanoi Opera
1584:Lotte Center Hanoi
1451:Ho Chi Minh Museum
975:. Vietnamnet. 2016
872:Văn Miếu Trấn Biên
784:Mandarins in Hanoi
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699:(Kinh Thi, 經詩), "
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738:
731:
709:Book of Change
660:The Four Books
615:
612:
579:
576:
544:
541:
490:
487:
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471:
438:
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387:
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330:Nguyễn dynasty
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227:
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216:calligraphists
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1558:Hanoi Circuit
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1245:Hỏa Lò Prison
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1199:
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1188:
1187:Đống Đa Mound
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1183:
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1178:
1175:
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1142:Labour Square
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1096:Landmarks of
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705:Book of Rites
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629:
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621:
611:
607:
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595:
591:
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588:Quốc Học Viện
585:
575:
573:
569:
568:Đại Bái Đường
565:
561:
552:
548:
540:
538:
534:
529:
527:
523:
517:
514:
513:stone turtles
510:
509:Lê Thánh Tông
503:
499:
498:Turtle Steles
495:
486:
479:
470:
468:
464:
461:
458:
450:
449:
443:
434:
426:
422:
411:
409:
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401:
392:
381:
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315:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
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276:
271:
266:
261:
257:
253:
249:
248:Lý Thánh Tông
245:
244:
243:
241:
232:
223:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
183:
179:
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159:
156:
153:
151:
147:
142:
135:
130:
123:
118:
115:
112:
80:
78:
75:
72:
67:
62:
58:
57:Lý Thánh Tông
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
18:
1446:Hanoi Museum
1328:Hương Temple
1215:Grand Palais
1176:
1117:Turtle Tower
1105:Public space
1062:
1022:
1014:
997:
988:
977:. Retrieved
967:
954:
945:
931:
919:. Retrieved
914:
905:
891:
796:
724:
720:
717:
694:
690:
684:
677:The Analects
664:
658:
654:
650:
648:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
617:
608:
604:
587:
584:Quốc Tử Viện
583:
581:
571:
567:
557:
546:
530:
518:
506:
484:
454:
446:
432:
423:
419:
397:
377:
352:
346:
322:Lý Nhân Tông
311:
300:Duke of Zhou
240:Trần dynasty
237:
189:
176:Architecture
155:Confucianism
84:
66:Quốc Tử Giám
40:
36:
32:
16:
15:
1641:Hanoi Metro
1579:Landmark 72
1343:Láng Temple
1333:Thầy Temple
1127:Old Quarter
572:Thượng Điện
526:Mạc dynasty
502:royal exams
326:bureaucrats
150:Affiliation
106: /
51:, northern
1671:Categories
1250:State Bank
1156:Historical
1147:Lenin Park
979:2017-12-09
884:References
636:Trực giảng
620:Lý dynasty
599:Chu Văn An
586:and later
564:Chu Văn An
522:Lê dynasty
374:Autochrome
347:Under the
94:105°50′8″E
21:Vietnamese
1624:Transport
1295:Red River
1280:West Lake
1158:monuments
655:Thi Hương
651:Giám sinh
628:Tư nghiệp
597:Altar to
560:Confucius
539:in 2011.
467:topiaries
312:In 1076,
256:disciples
252:Confucius
192:Confucius
91:21°1′43″N
1485:Shopping
1357:Catholic
1311:Buddhist
1203:colonial
861:See also
725:Thi Đình
693:, 五經): "
691:Ngũ Kinh
667:, 四書): "
640:Trợ giáo
632:Giáo thụ
408:Shandong
305:Chu Công
265:Nhan Hồi
204:Đại Việt
166:Location
161:Location
144:Religion
126:Văn Miếu
25:Văn Miếu
17:Văn Miếu
1429:Museums
806:Gallery
721:Thi Hội
681:Mencius
314:Vietnam
295:Mạnh Tử
290:Mencius
288:), and
275:Tăng Tử
260:Yan Hui
226:History
220:Chữ Hán
53:Vietnam
29:chữ Hán
1603:Hotels
1531:Sports
1388:Taoist
1201:French
1165:Feudal
921:5 July
665:Tứ thư
644:Bác sĩ
624:Tế tửu
533:UNESCO
400:temple
386:Layout
270:Zengzi
200:stelae
1409:Other
1098:Hanoi
338:Hanoi
285:Tử Tư
170:Hanoi
49:Hanoi
39:, as
923:2019
642:and
562:and
448:Legs
404:Qufu
280:Zisi
184:1070
535:'s
415:Map
402:at
334:Huế
278:),
268:),
212:Tết
47:in
41:Văn
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638:,
634:,
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463:閣
460:文
457:奎
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77:監
74:子
71:國
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