812:
language teaching. Their tutors are generally drawn from industry rather than academia and the goal for most learners is to reach employment quickly. It has been argued that private trainers have the ability to respond quickly to the changing needs of industry. Most providers provide courses that are NZQA-accredited; these usually lead to certificates and diplomas, although a small number of PTEs also offer degrees. PTE programmes that are NZQA-approved receive government funding subsidies, and students in these programmes are able to access the public student financial support system. Private trainers offer an alternative to state schools and many learners prefer the supportive environment of most private trainers. Several peak bodies represent this sector, including
Independent Tertiary Education New Zealand, Quality Tertiary Institutions, and English New Zealand.
194:. Not every degree follows this 3+1 pattern: there are some four-year degrees (which may or may not be awarded with Honours), and some specialist bachelor's degrees which take longer to complete. Typically, Honours may be awarded with first class, upper second class, lower second class or third class, but this can vary from degree to degree. A bachelor's degree may be followed by a master's degree. A candidate who does not hold an Honours degree may be awarded a master's degree with honours: such a degree usually involves two years study, compared to one year for a master's degree for a candidate who does have an Honours degree. A candidate who has either a master's degree or a bachelor's degree with Honours may proceed to a
513:
postgraduate programmes, and are increasingly offering these programs, including a small number of doctorates. The vocational qualifications offered by ITPs are developed by
Industry Training Organisations, but they are free to set their own curricula and assessments. These are generally based on practical knowledge in a working environment, and learning may take place in classrooms, simulated work environments, external workplaces, or a combination of these. Certification upon graduation is industry-related and real work experiences are often part of the curriculum. The peak body for this sector is New Zealand Institutes of Technology and Polytechnics (NZITP) .
837:
they must demonstrate they have sufficient support from the industry for which they claim coverage. Each ITO has to regularly reapply for recognition, and industries can decide that their skill needs are best-served by joining with one or more other ITOs. This means that the number of industry training organisations can change over time, and has fluctuated from a high of 52 in 1996 to 11 in 2019. ITOs currently cover most of New
Zealand's industries from traditional trades like building and plumbing, the primary industries, and manufacturing, through to retail, government, and community services. The Industry Training Federation represents ITOs.
821:
qualifications related to their industry, and co-ordinate apprenticeships and other structured training for employees (which may involve on-job learning, off-job courses at another tertiary organisation, or a mix of both). This enables employees to gain a qualification from the New
Zealand Qualifications Framework while being in a full-time job. From 2001 to 2014 they also had a formal role to provide skills leadership for their industry or industries, but this was removed by the National Government following a review of industry training ordered by then-Minister for Tertiary Education, Skills, and Employment
867:
that assist in paying some tuition fees. Universities and other funders also provide scholarships or funding grants to promising students, though mostly at a postgraduate level. Some employers will also assist their employees to study (full-time or part-time) towards a qualification that is relevant to their work. People who receive state welfare benefits and are retraining, or returning to the workforce after raising children, may be eligible for supplementary assistance, however students already in full or part-time study are not eligible for most state welfare benefits.
240:
53:(NZQA) is responsible for quality assuring all courses and tertiary education organisations other than universities. Under the Education Act 1989, The Committee on University Academic Programmes (CUAP) and the Academic Quality Agency (AQA) have delegated authority for quality assurance of university education. The Tertiary Education Commission (TEC) is responsible for administering the funding of tertiary education, primarily through negotiated investment plans with each funded organisation.
854:
lower than per-EFTS rates for courses in the same field and at the same level. The difference in per-learner funding levels between provider-based and ITO-based tertiary education has been a considerable source of tension since the establishment of the industry training system. Apprentices and trainees learning through ITOs are unable to access student financial support (both allowances and loans), on the basis that they are full-time employees earning a wage or salary.
781:
567:
248:
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Government's proposed merger, claiming that it would damage an already working system. Building and
Construction Industry Training Organisation chief executive Warwick Quinn described the Government's decision as disappointing. Garry Fisseden, CEO of The Skills Organisation, also spoke out against the merger proposal, saying that ITOs played an essential role in bridging the communication gap between industry and learning organisations.
940:
675:
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requires. Courses are rated on an equivalent full-time
Student (EFTS) basis. Specific funding for each individual organisation is negotiated with the Tertiary Education Commission and established through an Investment Plan that allocates funding over a rolling triennium. Students enrolled in NZQA-approved courses at providers can access student loans and student allowances to assist with fees and living costs.
915:, which they were. From April 2006, the interest component on Student Loans was abolished for students who live in New Zealand. This has eased pressure on the government from current students. However, it has caused resentment from past students many of whom have accumulated large interests amounts in the years 1992–2006. The
836:
ITOs are owned by industries, recognised under statute, and receive funding from both government and industry. Rather than being established directly by government, they exist as independent organisations and must apply for recognition as an ITO from the
Minister of Education; as part of this process
828:
ITOs are the only organisations permitted to develop non-degree vocational qualifications, with a few specific exceptions in areas such as adult teaching. However, individual tertiary providers (including ITPs, PTEs, and wānanga) are able to develop their own programmes and curricula that lead toward
811:
Private
Training Establishments (PTEs) are privately owned firms or NGOs that provide training, usually in a specific niche such as tourism, design or ICT. They also provide training to special needs groups or in time frames that support different learner needs, and a significant number offer English
512:
Institutes of
Technology and Polytechnics (ITP) offer general technical and vocational education, as well as undertaking applied research. Most learners study vocational programmes at levels 1–6 of the NZQF, but following education reforms during the 1990s ITPs have been permitted to offer degree and
414:
The name 'College of
Education' is protected by Act of Parliament. (Previously the name 'Teachers' College' was protected.) Only universities and standalone colleges of education may use this title. Thus, privately owned institutions that are not listed in Acts and that provide teacher education such
857:
Funding for tertiary institutions has been criticised recently due to high fees and funding not keeping pace with costs or inflation. Some also point out that high fees are leading to skills shortages in New Zealand as high costs discourage participation and graduating students seek well paying jobs
820:
Industry Training Organisations (ITOs) are established under the Industry Training and Apprenticeships Act 1992 to set skill standards and establish training arrangements for a given industry or set of related industries. To do this they develop and maintain competency-based Assessment Standards and
210:
or Bursary). However, most courses at New Zealand universities now have selective admission, where candidates have to fulfill additional requirements through qualifications, with the University of Auckland offering the largest number of selective-entry courses. Mature students usually do not need to
890:
Student Allowances, which are non-refundable grants to students of limited means, are means tested and the weekly amount granted depends on residential and citizenship qualifications, age, location, marital status, dependent children as well as personal, spousal or parental income. The allowance is
849:
Funding for tertiary education in New Zealand is through a combination of government subsidies and student fees. The government funds approved courses by a bulk grant (the Student Achievement Component) based on the number of enrolled students in each course and the amount of study time each course
263:
was founded – the overarching university entity which eventually had a number of university colleges under it. The University of New Zealand was initially based in Wellington, but additionally opened Canterbury College in 1873, University of Otago came under its control in 1874, Auckland University
866:
Most tertiary education students rely on some form of state funding to pay for their tuition and living expenses. Mostly, students rely on state provided student loans and allowances. Secondary school students sitting the state run examinations are awarded scholarships, depending on their results,
853:
Industry Training is funded differently than other forms of tertiary education. A separate pool of funding – the Industry Training Fund – is used to support training and apprenticeships organised through ITOs, and this system is based on a Standard Training Measure (STM) rate that is considerably
903:
is available to all New Zealand citizens and permanent residents. It covers course fees, course related expenses, and can also provide a weekly living allowance for full-time students. The loan must be repaid at a rate dependent on income and repayments are normally recovered via the income tax
230:
is awarded to school leavers by a competitive examination and also provides financial support to school-leavers pursuing a university degree but does not entail any requirement to stay in the country after they finish university. International students pay full (non-subsidised) fees and are not
1047:
The New Zealand Tertiary Education Union (TEU) (in Maori: Te Hautū Kahurangi o Aotearoa) is the main union in the tertiary education sector, and represents the interests of more than 10,000 workers employed sector across New Zealand. Its membership includes teachers and workers employed in all
881:
tertiary education for all New Zealand school leavers. This entitlement applies to New Zealand citizens or permanent residents who have not yet undertaken post-compulsory education at Level 3 or above of the Qualifications Framework. It covers fees for any study at Level 3 or above, including
489:
Most colleges of education in New Zealand in the past 30 years have gradually consolidated (for example, Ardmore with Auckland), with the trend in the last 15 years to consider and effect mergers with universities closely allied to them, for example, the Hamilton and Palmerston North colleges
840:
On 1 August 2019, Education Minister Chris Hipkins announced that the Government would be replacing the eleven industrial training organisations with four to seven workforce development councils that would be set up by 2022 to influence vocational education and training. ITOs had opposed the
527:
into a single entity in April 2020, citing declining student numbers and better allocation of government resources. Polytechnics have been cautiously optimistic about the changes despite concerns about losing their autonomy to a national organisation. While
270:
Now the colleges are independent universities in their own right, and since 1961 four new universities have been created: Auckland University of Technology, Lincoln University, Massey University and Waikato University.
49:. All post-compulsory education is regulated within the New Zealand Qualifications Framework, a unified system of national qualifications for schools, vocational education and training, and 'higher' education. The
223:. Weekly stipends can be drawn from the loan for living expenses, or the student can apply for a needs based (on assessment of parental income) "Student Allowance", which does not need to be paid back.
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respectively. In 2007, the Christchurch College of Education merged with the University of Canterbury. The remaining stand-alone college in Dunedin merged with the University of Otago in January 2007.
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There are a large number of student associations in New Zealand. The system of student associations operated on the basis of compulsory membership until 2012, after ACT MP
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Most universities have a student association, and some have additional Māori and Pacific student associations which generally work in parallel with the main association.
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Below is a partial list of historical or existing colleges—specifically those listed in Acts of Parliament as public (Crown-owned) teacher education providers:
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Domestic students will pay fees subsidised by the Government, and the student-paid portion of the fee can be loaned from the Government under the Government's
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conveyed meanings related to highly evolved knowledge, lore, occult arts, and also "forum" in the sense of a discussion to arrive at deeper understanding.
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initially opposed the interest free loans policy, but after it lost the 2005 election, in early 2008 said it would keep interest off student loans.
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or Australia's Industry Skills Councils, ITOs work with individual firms and trainees to directly enrol learners and often manage assessments.
385:(ii) their research and teaching are closely interdependent and most of their teaching is done by people who are active in advancing knowledge:
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occupations in universities, polytechnics, institutes of technology, wānanga, other tertiary education providers and allied organisations.
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off shore to pay for their student loans debts. As a result, education funding has been undergoing an ongoing review in recent years.
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in 2005) specifies that wānanga resemble mainstream universities in many ways. As of 2009, wānanga offer certificates, diplomas, and
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In addition to the main students' associations at each institution, there are also a number of other student bodies, which include:
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intended for living expenses, so most students receiving an allowance will still need a student loan to pay for their tuition fees.
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system by wage deductions. Low income earners and students in full-time study can have the interest on their loans written off.
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Entry to most universities was previously "open" to all who met the minimum requirements in school-leaving examinations (be it
60:, with university colleges around the country. Eventually the colleges became degree-awarding universities in their own right.
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Over the term of the fifth National Government (2008–2017), considerable changes were made to the tertiary education sector.
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amalgamated with Waikato and Massey respectively. In the 2004–2005 period, the Auckland and Wellington colleges merged with
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The University of New Zealand system – where it was the only degree-granting university in New Zealand – lasted until 1961.
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The New Zealand Union of Students Associations has compiled a list of all the changes made by the National Government. See
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383:(i) they are primarily concerned with more advanced learning, the principal aim being to develop intellectual independence:
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kept interest off loans, but increased the repayment rate from 10 to 12 per cent and reduced eligibility for the loans.
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apprenticeships, provider-based vocational education, or degree-level study; it does not contribute to living costs.
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1214:"Education Act 1989 No 80 (as at 21 December 2018), Public Act 241 Functions of Committee – New Zealand Legislation"
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33:, institutes of technology and polytechnics, private training establishments, industry training organisations, and
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those qualifications. Uniquely in comparison to similar bodies in other countries, such as the United Kingdom's
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226:"Bonded Merit Scholarships" are also provided by the Government to cover the student-paid portion of fees. The
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1420:"Joyce, Steven: Industry Training and Apprenticeships Amendment Bill – First Reading – New Zealand Parliament"
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In 2017, following the election of the sixth Labour-led Government, Minister of Education
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State sector organisations in New Zealand § Institutes of Technology and Polytechnics
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meet the academic criteria demanded of students who enter directly from secondary school.
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education). It ranges from informal non-assessed community courses in schools through to
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According to the Education Act 1989, universities have the following characteristics:
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CEO Penny Simonds have opposed the merger, saying that it would lead to job losses.
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1381:"16 institutes of technology and polytechnics being replaced by one mega polytech"
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announced that they would abolish interest on Student Loans, if re-elected at the
617:-level degrees, with some wānanga providing programmes in specialized areas up to
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632:, and are partly governed by New Zealand's Tertiary Education Commission (TEC).
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chief executive Phil Ker have cautiously welcomed the changes, the opposition
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964: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
699: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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98: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1355:"Government confirms polytechnics will merge as single entity in 2020"
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State sector organisations in New Zealand § Colleges of education
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1326:"Government confirms major overhaul of polytechnics, apprenticeships"
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Victoria University of Wellington's Hunter Building (completed 1906)
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1077:(NZUSA). The parallel overarching student association for Māori is
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will take three years, and a further year of study will lead to an
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387:(iii) they meet international standards of research and teaching:
375:, made up of the Vice-Chancellors of the respective institutions.
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College in 1883, and later Victoria University College in 1889.
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391:(v) they accept a role as critic and conscience of society;...
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Until 1961, all university education was organised under the
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Wānanga educational programmes are accredited through the
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The University of Otago Registry Building (completed 1879)
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1188:"Background to the New Zealand Qualifications Framework"
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The overarching representative body for universities is
389:(iv) they are a repository of knowledge and expertise:
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Aotearoa New Zealand Tertiary Chaplaincy Association
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1528:Education, New Zealand Ministry of (17 July 2018).
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List of New Zealand tertiary students' associations
259:, was founded in 1869. The next year, in 1870, the
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601:tertiary institution that provides education in a
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523:announced that the Government would merge all 16
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525:institutes of technology and polytechnics (ITPs)
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1353:Small, Zane; Macdonald, Laura (1 August 2019).
502:Institutes of Technology and Polytechnics (ITP)
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231:eligible for Government financial assistance.
1530:"Eligibility criteria and fees-free coverage"
1314:
1194:. New Zealand Qualifications Authority (NZQA)
1555:"Nats U-turn on interest free student loans"
1081:, the National Māori Students' Association.
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1075:New Zealand Union of Students' Associations
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274:The eight universities of New Zealand are:
1527:
1323:
1140:New Zealand Medical Students' Association
1024:Learn how and when to remove this message
759:Learn how and when to remove this message
255:The first university in New Zealand, the
158:Learn how and when to remove this message
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877:introduced an entitlement of one year's
425:New Zealand Graduate School of Education
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17:
1590:of the Ministry for Education's website
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1504:"80,000 people eligible for fees free"
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1115:Tertiary Students Christian Fellowship
665:Other tertiary education organisations
449:Massey University College of Education
1300:"Vocational education in New Zealand"
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1131:New Zealand Law Students' Association
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605:cultural context. Section 162 of the
397:Education Act 1989, section 162(4)(a)
1043:New Zealand Tertiary Education Union
962:adding citations to reliable sources
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697:adding citations to reliable sources
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626:New Zealand Qualifications Authority
561:
96:adding citations to reliable sources
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51:New Zealand Qualifications Authority
973:"Tertiary education in New Zealand"
708:"Tertiary education in New Zealand"
177:List of universities in New Zealand
107:"Tertiary education in New Zealand"
13:
1379:Devlin, Collette (1 August 2019).
1097:Aotearoa Student Press Association
22:University of Auckland clock tower
14:
1630:
1576:
1324:Gerritsen, John (1 August 2019).
1111:(Christian students' association)
930:Unions and students' associations
643:Recognised wānanga in New Zealand
469:Christchurch College of Education
361:Victoria University of Wellington
279:Auckland University of Technology
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27:Tertiary education in New Zealand
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684:needs additional citations for
654:Te Whare Wānanga o Awanuiārangi
459:Wellington College of Education
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83:needs additional citations for
1469:Industry Training Federation.
1446:"History of Industry Training"
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1103:Every Nation Campus Ministries
532:chief executive Tony Gray and
431:) must use alternative names.
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1583:Tertiary Education Commission
1534:Tertiary Education Commission
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1159:Academic ranks in New Zealand
1073:A large number belong to the
439:Auckland College of Education
1126:University Sport New Zealand
1068:voluntary student membership
635:In Maori tradition the word
479:Dunedin College of Education
7:
1619:Higher education by country
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530:Ara Institute of Canterbury
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1588:Tertiary education section
1245:"Universities before 1990"
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540:'s Education spokesperson
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1070:bill was passed in 2011.
924:Fifth National Government
261:University of New Zealand
58:University of New Zealand
1614:Education in New Zealand
1594:Tertiary Education Union
1169:Education in New Zealand
1136:Student Job Search (SJS)
1109:Student Life New Zealand
1037:Tertiary Education Union
373:Universities New Zealand
327:University of Canterbury
1444:Ministry of Education.
1218:www.legislation.govt.nz
228:New Zealand Scholarship
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831:Sector Skills Councils
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317:University of Auckland
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1302:. UNESCO-UNEVOC. 2012
913:2005 general election
907:On 26 July 2005, the
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630:Ministry of Education
404:Colleges of education
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347:University of Waikato
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64:Tertiary institutions
43:undergraduate degrees
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1270:"Education Act 1989"
1052:Student associations
958:improve this article
693:improve this article
649:Te Wānanga o Raukawa
609:(re-affirmed by the
92:improve this article
47:postgraduate degrees
1405:section 162 of the
1274:Legislation.govt.nz
901:Student Loan Scheme
496:Victoria University
492:Auckland University
417:Bethlehem Institute
337:University of Otago
257:University of Otago
221:Student Loan Scheme
45:and research-based
1407:Education Act 1989
1146:Thursdays in Black
886:Student allowances
791:. You can help by
607:Education Act 1989
577:. You can help by
518:Education Minister
289:Lincoln University
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1561:. 31 January 2008
1559:The Dominion Post
1424:www.parliament.nz
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