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assumption that the earned wages were ones that should âsupplement the family income rather than provide itâ, which was typically done by that of the breadwinning father or husband. It was commonly acknowledged that the role of a woman as a textile worker was a "secondary occupation and that a woman's real work was raising children and running the householdâ. This socially accepted convention was illustrated in the hiring process of female textile workers, employers preferred âhiring women who were young and unmarried: most machine operatives were between the ages of 16 and 25â. This also affected the wage of female textile workers, since it was considered that a womenâs wage in the textile industry was one to supplement the family, there was a âbelief that women did not merit or require wages as high as those of menâ.
1552:
2009:(Catalan: indianes) was produced as an import substitution. The market quickly expanded to the American colonies from where dyes and (later) cotton raw materials could be sourced. Spinning was a late addition to the industry and took off after English spinning technology was introduced at the turn of the 19th century. Industrialisation of the industry occurred in the 1830s after adoption of the factory system, and the removal of restrictions by Britain on the emigration of expert labour (1825) and of machinery (1842). Steam power was introduced but the cost of imported coal and steam engines, led to the extensive use of hydraulic power from the late 1860s.
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1795:. The export trade in woolen goods accounted for more than a quarter of British exports during most of the 18th century, doubling between 1701 and 1770. The British textile industry drove the Industrial Revolution, triggering advancements in technology, stimulating the coal and iron industries, boosting raw material imports, and improving transportation, which made Britain the global leader of industrialization, trade, and scientific innovation.
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2098:. However, this was not the case. It turns out that even in the face of other economic giants, Bangladesh's labor is "cheaper than anywhere else in the world." While some smaller factories were documented making pay cuts and layoffs, most downsizing was essentially speculative â the orders for goods kept coming even after the MFA expired. In fact, Bangladesh's exports increased in value by about $ 500 million in 2006.
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sets. Some examples of synthetic fibers are polyester, rayon, acrylic fibers and microfibers. All these fibres will be of great length, often kilometres long. Synthetic fibers are more durable than most natural fibers and will readily pick-up different dyes. Artificial fibres can be processed as long fibres or batched and cut so they can be processed like natural fibre.
1925:
April 2013, at least 1,135 textile workers died in the collapse of their factory. Other fatal accidents due to unsanitary factories have affected
Bangladesh: in 2005 a factory collapsed and caused the death of 64 people. In 2006, a series of fires killed 85 people and injured 207 others. In 2010, some 30 people died of asphyxiation and burns in two serious fires.
1318:, that produced a knit and purl stitch. This allowed stockings to be manufactured in silk and later in cotton. In 1768, Hammond modified the stocking frame to weave weft-knitted openworks or nets by crossing over the loops, using a mobile tickler bar â this led in 1781 to Thomas Frost's square net. Cotton had been too coarse for
3505:
Akhtar, Muhammad Furqan; Ashraf, Muhammad; Javeed, Aqeel; Anjum, Aftab Ahmad; Sharif, Ali; Saleem, Mohammad; Mustafa, Ghulam; Ashraf, Moneeb; Saleem, Ammara; Akhtar, Bushra (28 February 2018). "Association of textile industry effluent with mutagenicity and its toxic health implications upon acute and
1701:
The textile industry in India traditionally, after agriculture, is the only industry that has generated huge employment for both skilled and unskilled labour in textiles. The textile industry continues to be the second-largest employment generating sector in India. It offers direct employment to over
1633:
By the late 1980s, the apparel segment was no longer the largest market for fibre products, with industrial and home furnishings together representing a larger proportion of the fibre market. Industry integration and global manufacturing led to many small firms closing for good during the 1970s and
1536:
Women began entering the workforce in the 19th century through textile factories, the industrial and garment assembly jobs done during this time â point for participation by rural women in the formal economyâ. While women began entering the workforce and earning wages for themselves, there was an
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to work the cotton. It shows that these children were housed, clothed, fed and provided with some education. In 1830, the average power of a mill engine was 48 hp, but Quarry Bank mill installed a new 100 hp water wheel. William
Fairbairn addressed the problem of line-shafting and was
1153:
The main steps in the production of cloth are producing the fibre, preparing it, converting it to yarn, converting yarn to cloth, and then finishing the cloth. The cloth is then taken to the manufacturer of garments. The preparation of the fibres differs the most, depending on the fibre used. Flax
1039:
into a medium where it hardens. Wet spinning (rayon) uses a coagulating medium. In dry spinning (acetate and triacetate), the polymer is contained in a solvent that evaporates in the heated exit chamber. In melt spinning (nylons and polyesters) the extruded polymer is cooled in gas or air and then
2300:
and chest pain. Respiratory disorder symptoms in textile workers not using personal protective equipment were 1,130 times more likely than their coworkers who used personal protective equipment and other protective measures. The study also found that when the amount of dust in the air was greater
2001:
The cotton industry in
Catalonia was the first industry in Spain to industrialise and led, by the mid 19th century, to Catalonia becoming the main industrial region of Spain, a position it maintained until well into the 20th century. Catalonia is the one Mediterranean exception to the tendency of
1949:, receive a monthly salary of 26 dollars per month. These very low wages have led to low productivity, frequent strikes and high turnover. Some factories have replaced all their employees on average every 12 months, according to the 2019 report of the Stern Centre for Business and Human Rights at
1928:
In 2006, tens of thousands of workers mobilized in one of the country's largest strike movements, affecting almost all of the 4,000 factories. The
Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BGMEA) uses police forces to crack down. Three workers were killed, and hundreds more were
1443:
Thirdly, also in 1830, Richard
Roberts patented the first self-acting mule. Stalybridge mule spinners strike was in 1824; this stimulated research into the problem of applying power to the winding stroke of the mule. The draw while spinning had been assisted by power, but the push of the wind had
1019:
In the textile industry, textile engineering is an area of engineering that involves the design, production, and distribution of textile products through processes including cultivation, harvesting, spinning, weaving, and finishing of raw materials, encompassing both natural and synthetic fibers.
1924:
Many
Western multinationals use labor in Bangladesh, which is one of the cheapest in the world: 30 euros per month compared to 150 or 200 in China. Four days is enough for the CEO of one of the top five global textile brands to earn what a Bangladeshi garment worker will earn in her lifetime. In
1344:
With the
Cartwright Loom, the Spinning Mule and the Boulton & Watt steam engine, the pieces were in place to build a mechanised woven fabric textile industry. From this point there were no new inventions, but a continuous improvement in technology as the mill-owner strove to reduce cost and
1985:
The
European textile and clothing industry is a highly diversified, innovation and creativity driven industrial sector made up largely of SMEs: firms had an average of 10 employees in 2009, down from 18 employees at the beginning of the decade. In 2011, the sector consisted of more than 185 000
1294:
and a failure to patent the invention until 1770 forced
Hargreaves from Blackburn, but his lack of protection of the idea allowed the concept to be exploited by others. As a result, there were more than 20,000 spinning jennies in use by the time of his death. Also in 1764, Thorp Mill, the first
1048:
Sheep, goats, rabbits, silkworms, and other animals, as well as minerals like asbestos, are sources of natural fibers (cotton, flax, sisal). These vegetable fibers can originate from the seed (cotton), the stem (bast fibres: flax, hemp, jute), or the leaf (sisal). All of these sources require a
1911:
Pakistan is the 4th largest producer of cotton with the third largest spinning capacity in Asia. It contributes 5% to the global spinning capacity. At present, there are 1,221 ginning units, 442 spinning units and 124 large spinning units in addition to 425 small units which produce textiles.
1586:
Major changes came to the textile industry during the 20th century, with continuing technological innovations in machinery, synthetic fibre, logistics, and globalization of the business. The business model that had dominated the industry for centuries was to change radically. Cotton and wool
1956:
The report states: "Rather than the docile and cheap labour force promoted in
Ethiopia, foreign-based suppliers have met employees who are unhappy with their pay and living conditions and who want to protest more and more by stopping work or even quitting. In their eagerness to create a
2044:
The MFA was introduced in 1974 as a short-term measure intended to allow developed countries to adjust to imports from the developing world. Developing countries have a natural advantage in textile production because it is labor-intensive and they have low labor costs. According to a
2211:
which can cause large economic problems. The problem usually occurs when there is no division of ownership rights. This means that the problem of pollution is largely caused because of incomplete information about which company pollutes and at what scale the damage was caused by the
3649:
Behera, Meerambika; Nayak, Jayato; Banerjee, Shirsendu; Chakrabortty, Sankha; Tripathy, Suraj K. (1 August 2021). "A review on the treatment of textile industry waste effluents towards the development of efficient mitigation strategy: An integrated system design approach".
1802:– had grown tenfold during this time, but still accounted for only a tenth of the value of the woolen trade. Before the 17th century, the manufacture of goods was performed on a limited scale by individual workers, usually on their own premises (such as
1389:
responsible for improving the efficiency of the mill. In 1815 he replaced the wooden turning shafts that drove the machines at 50rpm, to wrought iron shafting working at 250 rpm, these were a third of the weight of the previous ones and absorbed less power.
1142:
a wonderful tree which bore tiny lambs on the edges of its branches. These branches were so pliable that they bent down to allow the lambs to feed when they are hungry." This aspect is retained in the name for cotton in many European languages, such as
1444:
been done manually by the spinner, the mule could be operated by semiskilled labor. Before 1830, the spinner would operate a partially powered mule with a maximum of 400 spindles; after, self-acting mules with up to 1300 spindles could be built.
1915:
In 1950, textile manufacturing emerged as the central of Pakistan industrialisation. Between 1947 and 2000, the number of textile Mills increased from 3 to 600. In the same time, spindles increased in number from 177,000 to 805 million.
2882:
1908:'s exports. The industry's contribution in the nation's exports account for 8.5% of the total GDP. Textile exports stood at $ 4.4 billion in 2017â18. The industry employs a large section of the labour force in the country.
2191:, causing "carcinogenic, mutagenic, genotoxic, cytotoxic and allergenic threats to living organisms". The textile industry uses over 8000 chemicals in its supply chain, also polluting the environment with large amounts of
2280:. Other common pain areas reported were upper back, shoulders, and the hips and thighs. Additionally, 69% of the workers reported hard knuckles within the past 12 months, which occurs from scissor induced calluses.
998:
is the world's most important natural fibre. In the year 2007, the global yield was 25 million tons from 35 million hectares cultivated in more than 50 countries. There are five stages of cotton manufacturing:
2271:
When producing textiles, many repetitive physical movements are made by workers. From this, issues and pain can arise, particularly in textile sewing machine operators. Of these operators, many experienced
7965:
4134:
Griffiths, Trevor; Hunt, Philip; O'Brien, Patrick. "Scottish, Irish, and imperial connections: Parliament, the three kingdoms, and the mechanization of cotton spinning in eighteenth-century Britain",
2137:
In the European Union, the Textile Regulation (Regulation 1007/2011 on textile fibre names and related labelling and marking of fibre composition of textile products) applies. This replaced earlier
2301:
than the quality standard, workers were at a higher risk of having respiratory disorder symptoms. Fiber dust exposure has also been found to contribute to the risk of cancers, such as lung cancer.
7980:
3087:
Report From the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council regarding possible new labelling requirements of textile products and on a study on allergenic substances in textile products
1384:
still exists as a well-preserved museum, having been in use from its construction in 1784 until 1959. It also illustrates how the mill owners exploited child labour, taking orphans from nearby
2106:
For textiles, like for many other products, there are certain national and international standards and regulations that need to be complied with to ensure quality, safety and sustainability.
2083:
provided for the gradual dismantling of the quotas that existed under the MFA. This process was completed on 1 January 2005. However, large tariffs remain in place on many textile products.
3455:
Kishor, Roop; Purchase, Diane; Saratale, Ganesh Dattatraya; Saratale, Rijuta Ganesh; Ferreira, Luiz Fernando Romanholo; Bilal, Muhammad; Chandra, Ram; Bharagava, Ram Naresh (1 April 2021).
2886:
1228:. Resistance by workers to the perceived threat to jobs delayed the widespread introduction of this technology, even though the higher rate of production generated an increased demand for
2125:
3428:
Madhav, Sughosh; Ahamad, Arif; Singh, Pardeep; Mishra, Pradeep Kumar (March 2018). "A review of textile industry: Wet processing, environmental impacts, and effluent treatment methods".
1180:. Spindles or parts of them have been found in archaeological sites and may represent one of the first pieces of technology available. The spinning wheel was most likely invented in the
1053:
is produced. All of these fibers, with the exception of silk, are short, only a few centimeters long, and have a rough surface that allows them to adhere to other like staple fibers.
3066:
2467:
Cotton: Origin, History, Technology, and Production By C. Wayne Smith, Joe Tom Cotton. Page viii. Published 1999. John Wiley and Sons. Technology & Industrial Arts. 864 pages.
1634:
1980s in the United States; during those decades, 95% of the looms in North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia shut down, and Alabama and Virginia also saw many factories close.
1345:
improve quality. Developments in the transport infrastructure; that is the canals and after 1831 the railways facilitated the import of raw materials and export of finished cloth.
2187:
that many or most market-driven companies use despite "eco-friendly alternatives". Textile industry wastewater is considered to be one the largest polluters of water and soil
7951:
4432:
1710:
55 billion, 64% of which services domestic demand. In 2010, there were 2,500 textile weaving factories and 4,135 textile finishing factories in all of India. According to
1630:
were introduced in the 1950s. Polyester became hugely popular in the apparel market, and by the late 1970s, more polyester was sold in the United States than cotton.
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1286:
which multiplied the spun thread production capacity of a single worker — initially eightfold and subsequently much further. Others credit the invention to
2949:
1303:, Lancashire, and was used for carding cotton. With the spinning and weaving process now mechanized, cotton mills cropped up all over the North West of England.
3035:
1961:' brand, the government, global brands and foreign manufacturers did not anticipate that the base salary was simply too low for workers to make a living from."
4495:
1721:
and shares 63% of the global textile and garment market. India is second in global textile manufacturing and also second in silk and cotton production. 100%
1533:
Textile production in England peaked in 1926, and as mills were decommissioned, many of the scrapped mules and looms were bought up and reinstated in India.
2258:. Studies of textile workers have shown an increased risk of nasal, bladder and urinary cancers, which are thought to be related to the dyes that are used.
3856:
1774:
1193:
3457:"Ecotoxicological and health concerns of persistent coloring pollutants of textile industry wastewater and treatment approaches for environmental safety"
2246:
occurs when pregnant textile workers are exposed to natural and synthetic fibers. Other diseases can be caused by frequent hazardous chemical exposures.
1929:
wounded by bullets, or imprisoned. In 2010, after a new strike movement, nearly 1,000 people were injured among workers as a result of the repression.
1912:
Pakistan is the third largest consumer of cotton. Exports of $ 3.5 billion were recorded in 2017â18 (6.5% of the total exported cotton on the world).
1779:
The key British industry at the beginning of the 18th century was the production of textiles made with wool from the large sheep-farming areas in the
1718:
1599:, invented in 1935 as in inexpensive silk substitute, and used for products ranging from women's stockings to tooth brushes and military parachutes.
1587:
producers were not the only source for fibres, as chemical companies created new synthetic fibres that had superior qualities for many uses, such as
7958:
4437:
2288:
Various health effects occur when regularly exposed to dust without protective measures. Common dust related respiratory symptoms include cough,
1150:, which translates as "tree wool". By the end of the 16th century, cotton was cultivated throughout the warmer regions of Asia and the Americas.
1067:
3273:
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3955:
Yildirim, Ilhami; Kilinc, Metin; Okur, Erdogan; Inanc Tolun, Fatma; Kiliç, M. Akif; Kurutas, Ergul Belge; EkerbiÌçEr, Hasan Ăetin (2007).
1996:
2977:
Lectures On The Industrial Revolution In England: Public Addresses, Notes and Other Fragments, together with a Short Memoir by B. Jowett
1706:, the share of textiles in total exports during AprilâJuly 2010 was 11.04%. During 2009â2010, the Indian textile industry was pegged at
3210:
3168:
Haider, Mahtab. "Defying predictions, Bangladesh's garment factories thrive". The Christian Science Monitor. 7 Feb 2006. 11 Feb 2007.
2094:
Bangladesh was expected to suffer the most from the ending of the MFA, as it was expected to face more competition, particularly from
2411:
1830:, and linen were being eclipsed by cotton, which was becoming the most important textile. This set the foundations for the changes.
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2080:
1348:
Firstly, the use of water power to drive mills was supplemented by steam driven water pumps, and then superseded completely by the
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or nonbiodegradable. Some textile factory workers handle dangerous chemicals every day, leading to increased occupational risk of
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world of mostly free market dominated socioeconomic systems. Chemically polluted textile wastewater degrades the quality of the
1356:
joined his uncle's firm of textile merchants, and, on taking over the company in 1782, he sought out a site to establish a mill.
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1134:, noting its similarities to wool, people in the region could only imagine that cotton must be produced by plant-borne sheep.
8000:
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2226:
Within the textile industry, more than 8000 different chemicals may be used in the manufacturing process, many of which are
1787:). This was a labour-intensive activity providing employment throughout Britain, with major centres being the West Country;
4685:
3296:"GB Standards - China Certification â CCC mark certificate (3C) for China â Your expert for China Compulsory Certification"
4098:
Conrad Jr., James L. "'Drive That Branch': Samuel Slater, the Power Loom, and the Writing of America's Textile History",
3005:
5192:
4006:"Assessment of Noise Exposure and Hearing Loss Among Workers in Textile Mill (Thamine), Myanmar: A Cross-Sectional Study"
3813:"Prevalence of ergonomic hazards and persistent work-related musculoskeletal pain among textile sewing machine operators"
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1814:. Some of the cloth was made into clothes for people living in the same area, and a large amount of cloth was exported.
7975:
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1970:
2548:
Great Industries of Great Britain, Volume I, published by Cassell Petter and Galpin, (London, Paris, New York, c1880).
7995:
5996:
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3557:
Nimkar, Ullhas (1 February 2018). "Sustainable chemistry: A solution to the textile industry in a developing world".
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The variety of synthetic fibres used in manufacturing fibre grew steadily throughout the 20th century. In the 1920s,
30:
This article is about the production of fibres and fabric. For the production of apparel, clothing and garments, see
17:
5329:
3594:"Pollution characteristics and fate of microfibers in the wastewater from textile dyeing wastewater treatment plant"
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2950:"Emerging Markets Offer Growth Opportunities for Apparel Retailers Battling Declines in Domestic Consumer Spending"
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industry. The flying shuttle increased the width of cotton cloth and speed of production of a single weaver at a
1551:
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2053:(IMF) study, the system has cost the developing world 27 million jobs and $ 40 billion a year in lost exports.
1869:
1714:'s 'Retail Apparel Index', India was ranked as the fourth most promising market for apparel retailers in 2009.
4004:
Zaw, Aung K.; Myat, Aung M.; Thandar, Mya; Htun, Ye M.; Aung, Than H.; Tun, Kyaw M.; Han, Zaw M. (June 2020).
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3855:
Berlian, Alifia; Setiani, Onny; Sulistiyani, Sulistiyani; Raharjo, Mursid; Darundiati, Yusniar (2023-03-01).
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2205:
to commit to achieving zero discharges of hazardous chemicals by 2020 (global goal) appears to have failed.
7092:
5913:
5906:
5878:
4610:
4171:
Tucker, Barbara M., "The Merchant, the Manufacturer, and the Factory Manager: The Case of Samuel Slater",
4086:
3373:"A review on the sustainability of textile industries wastewater with and without treatment methodologies"
3325:
NiinimÀki, Kirsi; Peters, Greg; Dahlbo, Helena; Perry, Patsy; Rissanen, Timo; Gwilt, Alison (April 2020).
1424:: although it is self-acting, it has to be stopped to recharge empty shuttles. It was the mainstay of the
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High noise exposures have been observed in textile industries across countries, as well as high rates of
2050:
3753:"Impact of chemical substances used in textile industry on the employee's health: Epidemiological study"
2195:
and has been identified in one review as the industry sector producing the largest amount of pollution.
1396:
A Roberts loom in a weaving shed in 1835. Note the wrought iron shafting, fixed to the cast iron columns
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3857:"The Relationship of Dust Exposure with Respiratory Disorders Symptoms Among Textile Industry Workers"
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In Roman times, wool, linen and leather clothed the European population, and silk, imported along the
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Griffiths, T., Hunt, P.A., and O'Brien, P. K. "Inventive activity in the British textile industry",
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Social Change in the Industrial Revolution: An Application of Theory to the British Cotton Industry
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4210:(1953) pp. 1051â98; with many tables and maps on the worldwide textile industry in 19508
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companies employing 1.7 million people in Europe and with a total turnover of ⏠152 billion.
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3136:, EC Conference on the Future of Textiles and Clothing after 2004, Brussels, 5â6 May 2003.
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The U.S. textile and apparel industry : a revolution in progress : special report
2831:
The U.S. textile and apparel industry : a revolution in progress : special report
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1322:, but by 1805 Houldsworths of Manchester were producing reliable 300 count cotton thread.
8:
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Tounsadi, Hanane; Metarfi, Yousra; Taleb, M.; El Rhazi, Karima; Rais, Zakia (July 2020).
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However, the Arrangement was not negative for all developing countries. For example, the
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2060:(EU) imposed no restrictions or duties on imports from the very poor countries, such as
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fiber in the manufacturing of cloth in Northern Europe dates back to Neolithic times.
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3067:"En Ethiopie, les petites mains de H&M ou Calvin Klein gagnent 23 euros par mois"
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2176:
2038:
1958:
1822:. In the early 18th century, artisans were inventing ways to become more productive.
1546:
1432:(invented in 1894, with an automatic weft replenishment function) gained ascendancy.
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2793:"Global Women's Work: Historical Perspectives on the Textile and Garment Industries"
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A campaign of big clothing brands like Nike, Adidas and Puma to voluntarily reform
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Xu, Xia; Hou, Qingtong; Xue, Yingang; Jian, Yun; Wang, LiPing (20 November 2018).
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2183:. The pollution comes from the type of conduct of chemical treatments used e.g.,
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1252:
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1203:
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Pattnaik, Punyasloka; Dangayach, G. S.; Bhardwaj, Awadhesh Kumar (1 June 2018).
3266:"REACH Regulations - How they apply to Textile and Leather articles (hktdc.com)"
2860:. United States Congress, Office of Technology Assessment. 1987. pp. 31â2.
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Engineering Textiles: Integrating the Design and Manufacture of Textile Products
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1974:
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introduced an attachment for the frame which produced what became known as the
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3519:
3342:
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2005:
The industry began in the early 18th century in Barcelona, when printed cloth
1220:— one of the first of a series of inventions associated with the cotton
1138:, writing in 1350, stated as fact the now-preposterous belief: "There grew in
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2833:. United States Congress, Office of Technology Assessment. 1987. p. 39.
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2883:"India overtakes Germany and Italy, is new world No. 2 in textile exports"
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2075:, it was decided to bring the textile trade under the jurisdiction of the
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Samuel Slater and the Origins of the American Textile Industry, 1790-1860
3957:"The Effects of Noise on Hearing and Oxidative Stress in Textile Workers"
3610:
3593:
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2208:
2131:
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1515:
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number of steps, each of which has a distinct name, before a clean, even
4258:
2816:
2792:
2727:
by Julie Lorenzen, Central Michigan University. Retrieved November 2006.
1761:
are some of the foreign textile companies invested or working in India.
1337:
For further details of the operation and history of spinning mules, see
1130:. Without any knowledge of what it came from, other than that it was a
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71:
is primarily concerned with the design, production and distribution of
44:
5396:
5359:
4901:
4308:
2962:
2435:(2nd ed.). Sawston, Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing. p. 462.
2254:
With increased exposure to toxic chemicals comes an increased risk of
2163:
1937:
Employees of Ethiopian garment factories, who work for brands such as
1271:
resulted, in 1775, in the commercial production of the more efficient
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27:
Industry related to design, production and distribution of textiles.
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The textile industry also creates a lot of pollution that leads to
2022:
1905:
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1658:
1523:
1381:
1369:
1115:
84:
3053:"Au Bangladesh, une ouvriĂšre du textile meurt tous les deux jours"
1783:
and across the country (created as a result of land-clearance and
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4268:
3694:"Destination Zero: seven years of Detoxing the clothing industry"
2242:
when not using protective measures. Additionally, an increase of
2086:
1827:
1788:
1650:
1627:
1607:
1582:
warp yarns being prepared for weaving in a modern textile factory
1568:
1503:
1248:
1198:
The woven fabric portion of the textile industry grew out of the
1163:
1155:
1077:
1072:
There are some indications that weaving was already known in the
1032:
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285:
80:
72:
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3719:"Greenpeace Calls Out Nike, Adidas and Puma for Toxic Clothing"
3648:
2323:
2297:
2289:
2034:
2006:
2002:
early industrialisation to be concentrated in northern Europe.
1942:
1750:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1592:
1518:. The geographical focus of textile manufacture in Britain was
1330:
For further details of the operation and history of looms, see
1300:
1127:
1119:
995:
463:
3454:
3102:
A distinctive industrialisation. Cotton in Barcelona 1728-1832
39:
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2912:"A brief history of Textile Industry in India, January, 2010"
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1938:
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146:
115:
4433:
Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution
3750:
3171:"Defying predictions, Bangladesh's garment factories thrive"
2171:
The textile industry is one of the largest polluters in the
51:
7741:
7553:
7241:
7144:
7097:
6516:
6227:
5594:
5584:
5259:
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2185:
in pretreatment, dyeing, printing, and finishing operations
2119:
1823:
1319:
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and dressing, while wool requires carding and washing. The
1108:
680:
607:
577:
563:
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490:
469:
392:
313:
268:
153:
76:
4148:
Power from Steam: A History of the Stationary Steam Engine
3324:
2167:
Indigo color water pollution in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 2005
2109:
The following standards amongst others apply to textiles:
2090:
Women work in a textile factory outside Dhaka, Bangladesh.
6898:
6217:
6139:
4987:
3370:
2563:
2488:
Technology in World Civilization: A Thousand-Year History
2116:, e.g. Standard for the Flammability of Clothing Textiles
3811:
Okareh, O.T.; Solomon, O.E.; Olawoyin, R. (April 2021).
2064:, leading to a massive expansion of the industry there.
3504:
3427:
2141:
73/44/EC, 96/73/EC and 2008/121/EC, which had required
4083:
The cotton manufacturing industry of the United States
2551:
1310:
invented in 1589 for silk became viable when in 1759,
3810:
3686:
1172:
evolved from twisting the fibers by hand, to using a
3200:"Standard for the Flammability of Clothing Textiles"
1775:
Textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution
1194:
Textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution
1166:
processes are very similar between fibers, however.
4208:
World Population and Production Trends and Outlooks
1798:Exports by the cotton industry – centered in
4003:
3559:Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry
3132:Presentation by H.E. K.M. Chandrasekhar, Chairman
3029:Industrial Revolution and the Standard of Living:
2485:
1107:from China, was an extravagant luxury. The use of
3006:"Textile Manufacturing | Boundless World History"
2654:Africans and the Industrial Revolution in England
2580:
2578:
8330:
4175:Vol. 55, No. 3 (Autumn, 1981), pp. 297â313
1806:). Goods were transported around the country by
1206:of yarn and cloth became a mainstream industry.
4438:Textile manufacturing by pre-industrial methods
3902:Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology
3896:Singh, Zorawar; Chadha, Pooja (December 2016).
2145:into national law, with effect from 8 May 2012.
1637:The largest exporters of textiles in 2013 were
1068:Textile manufacturing by pre-industrial methods
4188:
4093:Samuel Slater, Father of American Manufactures
2614:
2608:
2575:
2536:
2506:
2025:and garments from 1974 through 2004, imposing
1439:Roberts self-acting mule with quadrant gearing
4679:
4229:
4102:Vol. 36, No. 1 (January 1995), pp. 1â28
3652:Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
3464:Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
2852:
2850:
2523:, London: Longmans, Green and co., p. 51
1818:were constructed, and some contour-following
1810:who visited the village with their trains of
1506:The three key drivers in these changes were
4443:Timeline of clothing and textiles technology
3591:
2675:
1702:35 million in the country. According to the
1325:
4151:, Cambridge University Press, p. 244,
3895:
1997:History of the cotton industry in Catalonia
1872:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1247:connected Manchester to the coal fields of
4686:
4672:
4236:
4222:
3898:"Textile industry and occupational cancer"
2847:
2678:"Rehabilitating the Industrial Revolution"
2379:Cotton and textiles â the challenges ahead
2012:
1977:'s textile industry has been noted by the
4037:
3972:
3931:
3913:
3872:
3609:
3388:
3327:"The environmental price of fast fashion"
2430:
1892:Learn how and when to remove this message
1428:cotton industry for a century, until the
1400:Secondly, in 1830, using an 1822 patent,
1267:. His partnership with Scottish engineer
4108:
2718:Rehabilitating the Industrial Revolution
2569:
2557:
2396:
2216:
2162:
2085:
2081:Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC)
1733:, Soktas, Zambiati, Bilsar, Monti, CMT,
1673:
1574:
1558:
1555:Textile factory workers in Poland, 1950s
1550:
1434:
1391:
1234:
1187:
50:
43:An old textile factory ("Cvernovka") in
38:
4206:Woytinsky, W. S., and E. S. Woytinsky.
4063:
3508:Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
3098:
2973:
2790:
2634:The Age of Revolution: Europe 1789â1848
2455:
2431:Elmogahzy, Yehia E. (August 15, 2019).
2149:
2101:
1904:The textile sector accounts for 70% of
1725:via automatic route in textile sector.
1376:, but installed steam engines in 1810.
101:
14:
8331:
7712:
3757:Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
3556:
3331:Nature Reviews Earth & Environment
3082:
3080:
2936:"Wearing Apparel Manufacturing Report"
2906:
2904:
2532:
2530:
2410:, Manchester City Council: Libraries,
2375:
2069:General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
7926:
7711:
6976:
5440:
5439:
4706:
4667:
4217:
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4138:Aug 2008, Vol. 61 Issue 3, pp 625â650
3850:
3848:
3846:
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3802:
3746:
3744:
3742:
3740:
3031:The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics
2745:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2620:
2596:
2584:
2483:
2386:from the original on January 23, 2009
2369:
2221:
8298:
4693:
3306:from the original on 13 January 2018
2461:
2266:
1870:adding citations to reliable sources
1837:
1414:James Bullough and William Kenworthy
3216:from the original on 8 January 2013
3077:
2928:
2901:
2880:
2874:
2748:"The Mechanization of Women's Work"
2527:
2261:
1404:manufactured the first loom with a
1023:
90:
24:
6977:
4707:
4496:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
4387:
4191:Cotton Mills of Greater Manchester
3889:
3843:
3799:
3737:
3276:from the original on 30 April 2018
3246:from the original on 30 April 2018
3042:, Library of Economics and Liberty
2784:
2772:10.1038/scientificamerican0982-166
2746:Scott, Joan Wallach (1982-09-01).
2730:
2021:(MFA) governed the world trade in
1092:excavations in Switzerland and at
25:
8360:
4085:(Harvard University Press, 1912)
3861:Journal of Ecological Engineering
2636:, Weidenfeld & Nicolson Ltd.
2157:Chemical waste § Textile industry
1964:
1275:which used a separate condenser.
1043:
8309:
8297:
8286:
8285:
4648:
4243:
3430:Environmental Quality Management
2885:. Times of India. Archived from
2797:Journal of International Affairs
2283:
2155:This section is an excerpt from
2041:. It expired on 1 January 2005.
1842:
1764:
1372:. It was initially powered by a
1299:in the world was constructed at
1061:
961:
952:
943:
932:
923:
905:
896:
887:
869:
853:
844:
835:
817:
801:
792:
783:
765:
749:
740:
731:
713:
695:
686:
679:
672:
642:
633:
624:
606:
594:
583:
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569:
562:
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489:
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452:
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416:
398:
391:
384:
373:
355:
346:
335:
319:
312:
305:
274:
267:
260:
232:
223:
197:
188:
177:
159:
152:
145:
114:
8310:
5840:Outdoors & sports equipment
4189:Williams, Mike; Farnie (1992),
4111:Lace Machines and Machine Laces
4068:, Pergamon Press, p. 258,
3997:
3948:
3711:
3642:
3585:
3550:
3498:
3448:
3421:
3377:Reviews on Environmental Health
3364:
3318:
3288:
3258:
3228:
3192:
3181:from the original on 2007-09-30
3162:
3151:from the original on 2008-12-21
3126:
3092:
3059:
3045:
3022:
2998:
2967:
2956:
2942:
2823:
2711:
2669:
2646:
2626:
2602:
2590:
2542:
2414:from the original on 2008-10-23
2249:
1540:
1282:is credited as inventor of the
1096:at a site which dates to about
107:Cotton manufacturing processes
8349:Occupational safety and health
3105:. Cambridge University Press.
2656:, Cambridge University Press.
2517:The Skilled Labourer 1760â1832
2500:
2477:
2449:
2424:
2376:Majeed, A (January 19, 2009),
2345:
2333:Textile industry in Bangladesh
13:
1:
5844:Personal protective equipment
2382:, Dawn-the Internet edition,
2358:
1919:
1080:impression has been found at
60:
4574:Conservation and restoration
4131:52 (1992), pp. 881â906.
4129:Journal of Economic History,
3777:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110594
3598:Water Science and Technology
2363:
1990:
1971:small and medium enterprises
1664:
1606:was invented; in the 1940s,
7:
7927:
4637:Textile manufacturing terms
3571:10.1016/j.cogsc.2017.11.002
2685:The Economic History Review
2351:includes Knitting processes
2317:
2051:International Monetary Fund
1932:
1833:
1522:and the small towns of the
1245:Duke of Bridgewater's canal
1031:can be made by extruding a
1015:Finishing â giving textiles
10:
8365:
4601:Mathematics and fiber arts
4095:(1960) scholarly biography
4057:
4022:10.1016/j.shaw.2020.04.002
3829:10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105159
3664:10.1016/j.jece.2021.105277
3476:10.1016/j.jece.2020.105012
2609:Williams & Farnie 1992
2537:Williams & Farnie 1992
2154:
1994:
1768:
1694:
1688:
1544:
1448:Number of looms in the UK
1336:
1329:
1191:
1065:
1056:
1003:Cultivating and harvesting
94:
29:
8280:
8128:
8011:
7937:
7933:
7922:
7881:
7831:
7724:
7720:
7707:
7574:
7509:
7466:
7336:
7227:
7167:
7071:
6989:
6985:
6972:
6837:
6728:
6634:
6291:
6059:
5859:
5459:
5452:
5448:
5435:
5242:
5063:
4949:
4726:
4719:
4715:
4702:
4645:
4619:
4561:
4451:
4398:
4385:
4251:
4081:Copeland, Melvin Thomas.
4010:Safety and Health at Work
3915:10.1186/s12995-016-0128-3
3520:10.1007/s10661-018-6569-7
3343:10.1038/s43017-020-0039-9
3175:Christian Science Monitor
3139:"ćŸéșçăæźăăăăȘäș€éäșæ
ă§æ°ăă€ăăăă€ăłă"
3010:courses.lumenlearning.com
2938:. AnythingResearch India.
2311:occupational hearing loss
2240:ophthalmological symptoms
1717:India is first in global
1697:Economic history of India
1691:Textile industry in India
1326:19th-century developments
976:
133:
129:
124:
8158:Mergers and acquisitions
7899:Research and development
6259:Chemical & hormonal
5914:Communications equipment
4173:Business History Review,
4136:Economic History Review,
4064:Collier, Ann M. (1970),
3974:10.2486/indhealth.45.743
3874:10.12911/22998993/157389
3099:Thomson, J.K.J. (1992).
2974:Toynbee, Arnold (1884).
2338:
2128:Regulations for Textiles
2077:World Trade Organization
1793:West Riding of Yorkshire
1669:
1591:, invented in 1910, and
1012:Weaving â giving fabrics
864:Sizing/slashing/dressing
131:
127:
122:
6944:Painting and decorating
5968:Medical imaging systems
5901:Parts & peripherals
4193:, Carnegie Publishing,
4100:Technology and Culture,
3506:sub-chronic exposure".
3390:10.1515/reveh-2018-0013
3300:china-certification.com
2980:. London: Rivington's.
2963:Sectors â Make In India
2484:Pacey, Arnold (1991) .
2019:Multi Fibre Arrangement
2013:Commerce and regulation
1202:in the 18th century as
1088:textiles were found in
47:, Slovakia (1901â2004).
8344:Industries (economics)
8262:State-owned enterprise
8242:Nonprofit organization
8153:Horizontal integration
5961:Scientific instruments
5924:Network infrastructure
4392:
4109:Earnshaw, Pat (1986).
4066:A Handbook of Textiles
2791:English, Beth (2013).
2168:
2132:China Product Standard
2091:
1988:
1791:and environs; and the
1686:
1583:
1572:
1556:
1498:changed the nature of
1440:
1397:
1240:
1009:Spinning â giving yarn
64:
48:
7605:Private investigation
4476:Australian Aboriginal
4406:Clothing and textiles
4391:
4181:Tucker, Barbara M.,,
4143:Hills, Richard Leslie
2676:Berg, Maxine (1992).
2217:Worker Health Impacts
2166:
2089:
1983:
1695:Further information:
1677:
1578:
1562:
1554:
1508:textile manufacturing
1496:industrial revolution
1438:
1395:
1259:engineering works in
1238:
1200:Industrial Revolution
1188:Industrial Revolution
1184:by the 11th century.
1006:Preparatory processes
97:Textile manufacturing
54:
42:
8173:Vertical integration
6174:Speciality chemicals
6014:Electrical equipment
5931:Consumer electronics
4611:Units of measurement
3611:10.2166/wst.2018.476
2150:Environmental impact
2102:Regulatory standards
2031:developing countries
1866:improve this section
1704:Ministry of Textiles
1614:, metal fibres, and
1037:spinneret (polymers)
102:Cotton manufacturing
8257:Sole proprietorship
8232:Joint-stock company
7501:Veterinary medicine
7326:Property management
7120:Passenger transport
6147:Commodity chemicals
5973:Optical instruments
5941:Video game consoles
5834:Musical instruments
5675:Media reproduction
4655:Clothing portal
4452:Regional and ethnic
4426:Indian subcontinent
4091:Cameron, Edward H.
3769:2020EcoES.19710594T
3236:"Textile Standards"
2881:TNN (3 June 2014).
2764:1982SciAm.247c.166S
2752:Scientific American
2294:shortness of breath
2256:occupational cancer
2200:their manufacturing
2039:developed countries
1979:European Commission
1951:New York University
1743:Marks & Spencer
1678:Textile workers in
1657:($ 28 billion) and
1563:Textile workers at
1449:
108:
8205:Putting-out system
7714:Information sector
7635:Personal services
7237:Financial services
6709:offshore platforms
6558:advanced materials
6539:Ready-mix concrete
5992:Laser construction
5952:Clocks and watches
5786:Injection moulding
5757:Other fabrication
5710:household hardware
4584:wearable fiber art
4393:
4164:Smelser; Neil J.,
3442:10.1002/tqem.21538
3038:2008-02-21 at the
2723:2006-11-09 at the
2652:Joseph E Inikori.
2404:"Machin processes"
2222:Chemical Exposures
2169:
2092:
1973:(SMEs) within the
1969:The prominence of
1687:
1584:
1573:
1557:
1447:
1441:
1420:, a semiautomatic
1398:
1241:
243:Finishing scutcher
106:
65:
49:
8326:
8325:
8276:
8275:
8272:
8271:
8103:Natural resources
7948:Production-based
7918:
7917:
7914:
7913:
7856:Vocational school
7703:
7702:
7699:
7698:
6968:
6967:
6964:
6963:
6929:Electrical wiring
6915:Specialty trades
6869:Civil engineering
6724:
6723:
6398:Vulcanized rubber
6194:Cleaning products
6034:Electric lighting
5751:Surface finishing
5741:Powder metallurgy
5696:Metal fabrication
5442:Industrial sector
5431:
5430:
5427:
5426:
5330:Rare-earth metals
5238:
5237:
4661:
4660:
4200:978-0-948789-89-2
4075:978-0-08-018057-1
3961:Industrial Health
3604:(10): 2046â2054.
2987:978-1-4191-2952-0
2572:, pp. 24â26.
2267:Ergonomic Hazards
2232:hearing disorders
2122:Textile Standards
1902:
1901:
1894:
1816:River navigations
1804:weavers' cottages
1641:($ 274 billion),
1571:, Finland in 1951
1565:Finlayson factory
1547:Clothing industry
1492:
1491:
1360:was built on the
1292:Industrial unrest
1273:Watt steam engine
1029:Artificial fibres
993:
992:
55:Textile factory (
32:Clothing industry
18:Textiles industry
16:(Redirected from
8356:
8339:Textile industry
8313:
8312:
8301:
8300:
8289:
8288:
8185:Enforced breakup
8180:Decentralization
8108:Physical capital
7935:
7934:
7924:
7923:
7722:
7721:
7709:
7708:
7585:Customer service
7496:Residential care
7444:Public relations
7252:Financial advice
7229:Asset management
7024:Department store
6987:
6986:
6974:
6973:
6954:Site preparation
6802:Telecom networks
6770:Waste management
6746:Gas distribution
6430:Synthetic fibers
6157:Industrial gases
5896:Computer systems
5830:Medical supplies
5457:
5456:
5450:
5449:
5437:
5436:
4867:Animal husbandry
4838:Medicinal plants
4724:
4723:
4717:
4716:
4704:
4703:
4688:
4681:
4674:
4665:
4664:
4653:
4652:
4369:Textile printing
4238:
4231:
4224:
4215:
4214:
4203:
4161:
4124:
4078:
4052:
4051:
4041:
4001:
3995:
3994:
3976:
3952:
3946:
3945:
3935:
3917:
3893:
3887:
3886:
3876:
3852:
3841:
3840:
3808:
3797:
3796:
3748:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3730:
3715:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3698:
3690:
3684:
3683:
3646:
3640:
3639:
3613:
3589:
3583:
3582:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3502:
3496:
3495:
3461:
3452:
3446:
3445:
3425:
3419:
3418:
3392:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3292:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3262:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3232:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3215:
3204:
3196:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3150:
3143:
3130:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3096:
3090:
3084:
3075:
3074:
3063:
3057:
3056:
3049:
3043:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2990:. Archived from
2971:
2965:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2917:. Archived from
2916:
2908:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2854:
2845:
2844:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2743:
2728:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2682:
2673:
2667:
2650:
2644:
2630:
2624:
2618:
2612:
2606:
2600:
2594:
2588:
2582:
2573:
2567:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2546:
2540:
2534:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2512:Hammond, Barbara
2504:
2498:
2497:
2491:
2481:
2475:
2465:
2459:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2428:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2419:
2408:Spinning the Web
2400:
2394:
2393:
2392:
2391:
2373:
2352:
2349:
2262:Physical Hazards
1959:made in Ethiopia
1897:
1890:
1886:
1883:
1877:
1846:
1838:
1709:
1661:($ 27 Billion).
1653:($ 35 billion),
1649:($ 36 billion),
1645:($ 40 billion),
1618:were developed;
1450:
1446:
1378:Quarry Bank Mill
1358:Quarry Bank Mill
1280:James Hargreaves
1211:Bury, Lancashire
1114:During the late
1076:. An indistinct
1024:Synthetic fibres
965:
956:
947:
936:
927:
909:
900:
891:
873:
857:
848:
839:
821:
805:
796:
787:
769:
753:
744:
735:
717:
699:
690:
683:
676:
646:
637:
628:
610:
598:
587:
580:
573:
566:
559:
548:
541:
534:
500:
493:
486:
472:
456:
438:
420:
402:
395:
388:
377:
359:
350:
339:
323:
316:
309:
278:
271:
264:
236:
227:
201:
192:
181:
163:
156:
149:
118:
109:
91:Industry process
69:textile industry
62:
21:
8364:
8363:
8359:
8358:
8357:
8355:
8354:
8353:
8329:
8328:
8327:
8322:
8321:
8268:
8237:Nationalization
8124:
8094:Primary inputs
8015:
8007:
7940:
7939:Classification
7929:
7910:
7877:
7827:
7811:Social networks
7728:
7716:
7695:
7679:Business travel
7581:Administrative
7570:
7549:Amusement parks
7513:
7505:
7479:Dentist offices
7462:
7332:
7299:Pension funding
7272:Risk management
7257:Holding company
7223:
7163:
7075:
7067:
7039:Specialty store
7034:Online shopping
6981:
6960:
6833:
6720:
6630:
6287:
6245:Pharmaceuticals
6189:Aroma compounds
6125:Petroleum jelly
6055:
6044:Home appliances
6039:Electric motors
5987:spotting scopes
5948:Instrumentation
5861:
5855:
5837:Office supplies
5444:
5423:
5407:Dimension stone
5341:Other minerals
5286:Mining of ores
5234:
5059:
4945:
4892:Other livestock
4778:Permanent crops
4711:
4698:
4692:
4662:
4657:
4647:
4641:
4615:
4557:
4447:
4394:
4383:
4247:
4242:
4201:
4159:
4121:
4076:
4060:
4055:
4002:
3998:
3953:
3949:
3894:
3890:
3853:
3844:
3809:
3800:
3749:
3738:
3728:
3726:
3725:. 9 August 2011
3717:
3716:
3712:
3702:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3691:
3687:
3647:
3643:
3590:
3586:
3555:
3551:
3503:
3499:
3459:
3453:
3449:
3426:
3422:
3369:
3365:
3355:
3353:
3323:
3319:
3309:
3307:
3294:
3293:
3289:
3279:
3277:
3264:
3263:
3259:
3249:
3247:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3202:
3198:
3197:
3193:
3184:
3182:
3169:
3167:
3163:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3141:
3137:
3131:
3127:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3097:
3093:
3085:
3078:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3040:Wayback Machine
3027:
3023:
3014:
3012:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2988:
2972:
2968:
2961:
2957:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2924:on 22 May 2012.
2921:
2914:
2910:
2909:
2902:
2892:
2890:
2889:on 30 June 2016
2879:
2875:
2868:
2856:
2855:
2848:
2841:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2789:
2785:
2776:
2774:
2744:
2731:
2725:Wayback Machine
2716:
2712:
2697:10.2307/2598327
2680:
2674:
2670:
2651:
2647:
2632:Eric Hobsbawm,
2631:
2627:
2619:
2615:
2607:
2603:
2595:
2591:
2583:
2576:
2568:
2564:
2556:
2552:
2547:
2543:
2535:
2528:
2520:
2505:
2501:
2482:
2478:
2466:
2462:
2454:
2450:
2443:
2429:
2425:
2417:
2415:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2389:
2387:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2346:
2341:
2328:cloth merchants
2320:
2315:
2286:
2269:
2264:
2252:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2213:
2160:
2152:
2104:
2079:(WTO). The WTO
2015:
1999:
1993:
1967:
1935:
1922:
1898:
1887:
1881:
1878:
1863:
1847:
1836:
1777:
1769:Main articles:
1767:
1729:, Trutzschler,
1719:jute production
1707:
1699:
1693:
1672:
1667:
1549:
1543:
1418:Lancashire Loom
1402:Richard Roberts
1352:. For example,
1342:
1335:
1328:
1312:Jedediah Strutt
1253:Matthew Boulton
1204:mass production
1196:
1190:
1136:John Mandeville
1094:El Fayum, Egypt
1070:
1064:
1059:
1046:
1026:
104:
99:
93:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8362:
8352:
8351:
8346:
8341:
8324:
8323:
8320:
8319:
8307:
8295:
8282:
8281:
8278:
8277:
8274:
8273:
8270:
8269:
8267:
8266:
8265:
8264:
8259:
8254:
8249:
8244:
8239:
8234:
8229:
8219:
8218:
8217:
8215:Temporary work
8212:
8207:
8202:
8197:
8192:
8187:
8177:
8176:
8175:
8170:
8165:
8160:
8155:
8150:
8145:
8138:Centralization
8134:
8132:
8126:
8125:
8123:
8122:
8117:
8112:
8111:
8110:
8105:
8100:
8092:
8087:
8086:
8085:
8080:
8075:
8070:
8060:
8055:
8054:
8053:
8048:
8043:
8038:
8033:
8022:
8020:
8009:
8008:
8006:
8005:
8004:
8003:
7998:
7993:
7985:
7984:
7983:
7978:
7973:
7968:
7963:
7954:
7945:
7943:
7931:
7930:
7920:
7919:
7916:
7915:
7912:
7911:
7909:
7908:
7907:
7906:
7904:Basic research
7896:
7891:
7885:
7883:
7879:
7878:
7876:
7875:
7870:
7865:
7864:
7863:
7858:
7848:
7843:
7837:
7835:
7829:
7828:
7826:
7825:
7824:
7823:
7818:
7813:
7808:
7798:
7797:
7796:
7791:
7786:
7776:
7775:
7774:
7769:
7764:
7756:
7755:
7754:
7749:
7744:
7735:
7733:
7718:
7717:
7705:
7704:
7701:
7700:
7697:
7696:
7694:
7693:
7692:
7691:
7686:
7681:
7673:
7668:
7667:
7666:
7661:
7656:
7651:
7646:
7641:
7633:
7628:
7627:
7626:
7621:
7613:
7612:
7611:
7602:
7597:
7592:
7587:
7578:
7576:
7572:
7571:
7569:
7568:
7566:Tabletop games
7563:
7562:
7561:
7556:
7551:
7546:
7538:
7533:
7532:
7531:
7520:
7518:
7507:
7506:
7504:
7503:
7498:
7493:
7492:
7491:
7486:
7481:
7472:
7470:
7464:
7463:
7461:
7460:
7459:
7458:
7448:
7447:
7446:
7441:
7431:
7429:Legal services
7426:
7425:
7424:
7419:
7414:
7404:
7403:
7402:
7400:system testing
7389:
7384:
7370:
7369:
7368:
7363:
7358:
7353:
7342:
7340:
7334:
7333:
7331:
7330:
7329:
7328:
7323:
7313:
7312:
7311:
7306:
7301:
7296:
7291:
7281:
7280:
7279:
7274:
7269:
7264:
7262:Money transfer
7259:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7233:
7231:
7225:
7224:
7222:
7221:
7216:
7215:
7214:
7209:
7204:
7199:
7194:
7189:
7184:
7173:
7171:
7165:
7164:
7162:
7161:
7160:
7159:
7149:
7148:
7147:
7142:
7137:
7135:Passenger rail
7132:
7127:
7117:
7116:
7115:
7110:
7105:
7103:Moving company
7100:
7095:
7090:
7079:
7077:
7069:
7068:
7066:
7065:
7064:
7063:
7058:
7053:
7043:
7042:
7041:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7016:
7011:
7009:Consumer goods
7006:
7004:Car dealership
6995:
6993:
6983:
6982:
6979:Service sector
6970:
6969:
6966:
6965:
6962:
6961:
6959:
6958:
6957:
6956:
6951:
6946:
6941:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6921:
6913:
6912:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6866:
6865:
6864:
6859:
6854:
6843:
6841:
6835:
6834:
6832:
6831:
6830:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6799:
6794:
6793:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6777:
6767:
6766:
6765:
6755:
6754:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6734:
6732:
6726:
6725:
6722:
6721:
6719:
6718:
6713:
6712:
6711:
6702:
6697:
6682:
6677:
6676:
6675:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6640:
6638:
6636:Heavy industry
6632:
6631:
6629:
6628:
6623:
6622:
6621:
6616:
6606:
6605:
6604:
6594:
6593:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6575:Metal refining
6572:
6571:
6570:
6568:Synthetic gems
6565:
6560:
6551:
6545:Other mineral
6543:
6542:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6521:
6520:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6489:
6488:
6487:
6482:
6473:
6468:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6443:
6442:
6441:
6435:Thermoplastics
6432:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6402:
6401:
6400:
6395:
6385:
6384:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6358:
6357:
6356:
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6326:
6325:
6324:
6315:
6310:
6295:
6293:
6289:
6288:
6286:
6285:
6284:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6261:contraceptives
6257:
6255:Blood products
6252:
6242:
6240:Fine chemicals
6237:
6236:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6171:
6170:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6144:
6143:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6120:Petrochemicals
6117:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6065:
6063:
6057:
6056:
6054:
6053:
6052:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6021:
6011:
6010:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5980:
5970:
5965:
5964:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5945:
5944:
5943:
5938:
5928:
5927:
5926:
5921:
5911:
5910:
5909:
5903:
5898:
5888:
5887:
5886:
5884:Semiconductors
5881:
5879:Circuit boards
5876:
5865:
5863:
5857:
5856:
5854:
5853:
5852:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5838:
5835:
5832:
5827:
5824:
5819:
5813:
5810:
5809:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5755:
5754:
5753:
5748:
5746:Prefabrication
5743:
5738:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5703:
5693:
5692:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5679:Cassette tapes
5673:
5672:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5641:
5640:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5599:
5598:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5547:
5546:
5545:
5540:
5537:
5534:
5529:
5519:
5518:
5517:
5515:Vegetable oils
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5489:
5488:Dairy products
5486:
5481:
5476:
5465:
5463:
5461:Light industry
5454:
5446:
5445:
5433:
5432:
5429:
5428:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5421:
5420:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5369:
5368:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5339:
5338:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5284:
5283:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5246:
5244:
5240:
5239:
5236:
5235:
5233:
5232:
5231:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5202:
5201:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5150:
5149:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5067:
5065:
5061:
5060:
5058:
5057:
5056:
5055:
5050:
5043:Wild mushrooms
5040:
5039:
5038:
5033:
5020:
5018:Natural rubber
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4985:
4980:
4979:
4978:
4968:
4967:
4966:
4955:
4953:
4947:
4946:
4944:
4943:
4942:
4941:
4931:
4930:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4864:
4863:
4862:
4857:
4847:
4846:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4803:Tropical fruit
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4775:
4774:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4736:Arable farming
4732:
4730:
4721:
4713:
4712:
4709:Natural sector
4700:
4699:
4691:
4690:
4683:
4676:
4668:
4659:
4658:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4623:
4621:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4587:
4586:
4576:
4571:
4565:
4563:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4544:
4543:
4538:
4530:
4529:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4493:
4488:
4487:
4486:
4478:
4473:
4472:
4471:
4466:
4455:
4453:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4429:
4428:
4423:
4413:
4408:
4402:
4400:
4399:History of ...
4396:
4395:
4386:
4384:
4382:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4255:
4253:
4249:
4248:
4241:
4240:
4233:
4226:
4218:
4212:
4211:
4204:
4199:
4186:
4179:
4169:
4162:
4157:
4139:
4132:
4125:
4120:978-0713446845
4119:
4106:
4096:
4089:
4079:
4074:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4053:
4016:(2): 199â206.
3996:
3967:(6): 743â749.
3947:
3888:
3842:
3817:Safety Science
3798:
3736:
3710:
3685:
3641:
3584:
3549:
3497:
3447:
3420:
3383:(2): 163â203.
3363:
3337:(4): 189â200.
3317:
3287:
3270:info.hktdc.com
3257:
3227:
3191:
3177:. 2006-02-07.
3161:
3125:
3111:
3091:
3076:
3058:
3055:. 15 May 2013.
3044:
3021:
2997:
2994:on 2016-03-03.
2986:
2966:
2955:
2941:
2927:
2900:
2873:
2866:
2846:
2839:
2822:
2783:
2758:(3): 166â187.
2729:
2710:
2668:
2645:
2625:
2613:
2601:
2589:
2574:
2562:
2550:
2541:
2526:
2499:
2476:
2460:
2448:
2442:978-0081024881
2441:
2423:
2395:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2330:
2319:
2316:
2305:Noise exposure
2285:
2282:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2251:
2248:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2161:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2135:
2129:
2123:
2117:
2103:
2100:
2058:European Union
2029:on the amount
2014:
2011:
1995:Main article:
1992:
1989:
1975:European Union
1966:
1965:European Union
1963:
1934:
1931:
1921:
1918:
1900:
1899:
1850:
1848:
1841:
1835:
1832:
1766:
1763:
1723:FDI is allowed
1689:Main article:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1542:
1539:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1327:
1324:
1308:stocking frame
1295:water-powered
1284:spinning jenny
1218:flying shuttle
1192:Main article:
1189:
1186:
1178:spinning wheel
1126:into Northern
1090:pile dwellings
1066:Main article:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1045:
1044:Natural fibres
1042:
1025:
1022:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
991:
990:
985:
983:
975:
970:
967:
966:
959:
957:
950:
948:
941:
938:
937:
930:
928:
921:
919:
914:
911:
910:
903:
901:
894:
892:
885:
882:
881:
879:
876:
874:
867:
865:
862:
859:
858:
851:
849:
842:
840:
833:
830:
829:
827:
824:
822:
815:
813:
810:
807:
806:
799:
797:
790:
788:
781:
778:
777:
775:
772:
770:
763:
761:
758:
755:
754:
747:
745:
738:
736:
729:
726:
725:
723:
720:
718:
711:
709:
704:
701:
700:
693:
691:
684:
677:
670:
667:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
648:
647:
640:
638:
631:
629:
622:
619:
618:
616:
611:
604:
601:
599:
592:
589:
588:
581:
574:
567:
560:
553:
550:
549:
542:
535:
528:
525:
524:
519:
517:
512:
510:
505:
502:
501:
494:
487:
480:
477:
476:
473:
466:
461:
458:
457:
450:
447:
446:
443:
440:
439:
432:
429:
428:
425:
422:
421:
414:
411:
410:
407:
404:
403:
396:
389:
382:
379:
378:
371:
369:
364:
361:
360:
353:
351:
344:
341:
340:
333:
331:
328:
325:
324:
317:
310:
303:
300:
299:
294:
292:
290:
288:
283:
280:
279:
272:
265:
258:
255:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
238:
237:
230:
228:
221:
218:
217:
214:
212:
206:
203:
202:
195:
193:
186:
183:
182:
175:
173:
168:
165:
164:
157:
150:
143:
140:
139:
137:
132:
130:
128:
126:
123:
120:
119:
112:
103:
100:
95:Main article:
92:
89:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8361:
8350:
8347:
8345:
8342:
8340:
8337:
8336:
8334:
8318:
8317:
8308:
8306:
8305:
8296:
8294:
8293:
8284:
8283:
8279:
8263:
8260:
8258:
8255:
8253:
8252:Privatization
8250:
8248:
8245:
8243:
8240:
8238:
8235:
8233:
8230:
8228:
8225:
8224:
8223:
8220:
8216:
8213:
8211:
8208:
8206:
8203:
8201:
8198:
8196:
8193:
8191:
8188:
8186:
8183:
8182:
8181:
8178:
8174:
8171:
8169:
8166:
8164:
8161:
8159:
8156:
8154:
8151:
8149:
8146:
8144:
8141:
8140:
8139:
8136:
8135:
8133:
8131:
8127:
8121:
8118:
8116:
8113:
8109:
8106:
8104:
8101:
8099:
8096:
8095:
8093:
8091:
8088:
8084:
8081:
8079:
8076:
8074:
8071:
8069:
8066:
8065:
8064:
8061:
8059:
8056:
8052:
8049:
8047:
8044:
8042:
8039:
8037:
8034:
8032:
8029:
8028:
8027:
8026:Externalities
8024:
8023:
8021:
8019:
8014:
8010:
8002:
7999:
7997:
7994:
7992:
7989:
7988:
7987:Market-based
7986:
7982:
7979:
7977:
7974:
7972:
7969:
7967:
7964:
7962:
7961:
7960:
7955:
7953:
7950:
7949:
7947:
7946:
7944:
7942:
7936:
7932:
7925:
7921:
7905:
7902:
7901:
7900:
7897:
7895:
7892:
7890:
7887:
7886:
7884:
7880:
7874:
7871:
7869:
7866:
7862:
7859:
7857:
7854:
7853:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7844:
7842:
7839:
7838:
7836:
7834:
7830:
7822:
7819:
7817:
7814:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7803:
7802:
7799:
7795:
7792:
7790:
7787:
7785:
7782:
7781:
7780:
7777:
7773:
7770:
7768:
7765:
7763:
7760:
7759:
7758:Audio-visual
7757:
7753:
7750:
7748:
7745:
7743:
7740:
7739:
7737:
7736:
7734:
7732:
7727:
7723:
7719:
7715:
7710:
7706:
7690:
7687:
7685:
7682:
7680:
7677:
7676:
7674:
7672:
7669:
7665:
7662:
7660:
7657:
7655:
7652:
7650:
7647:
7645:
7642:
7640:
7637:
7636:
7634:
7632:
7629:
7625:
7622:
7620:
7617:
7616:
7614:
7610:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7598:
7596:
7593:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7582:
7580:
7579:
7577:
7573:
7567:
7564:
7560:
7557:
7555:
7552:
7550:
7547:
7545:
7542:
7541:
7539:
7537:
7534:
7530:
7527:
7526:
7525:
7522:
7521:
7519:
7517:
7512:
7511:Entertainment
7508:
7502:
7499:
7497:
7494:
7490:
7487:
7485:
7482:
7480:
7477:
7476:
7474:
7473:
7471:
7469:
7465:
7457:
7454:
7453:
7452:
7449:
7445:
7442:
7440:
7437:
7436:
7435:
7432:
7430:
7427:
7423:
7420:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7409:
7408:
7405:
7401:
7397:
7393:
7390:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7380:
7379:
7378:
7374:
7371:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7348:
7347:
7344:
7343:
7341:
7339:
7335:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7318:
7317:
7314:
7310:
7307:
7305:
7302:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7286:
7285:
7282:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7267:Payment cards
7265:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7239:
7238:
7235:
7234:
7232:
7230:
7226:
7220:
7217:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7202:Food delivery
7200:
7198:
7195:
7193:
7190:
7188:
7185:
7183:
7182:Drink service
7180:
7179:
7178:
7175:
7174:
7172:
7170:
7166:
7158:
7155:
7154:
7153:
7150:
7146:
7143:
7141:
7138:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7122:
7121:
7118:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7085:
7084:
7081:
7080:
7078:
7076:& Storage
7074:
7070:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7048:
7047:
7044:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7019:Grocery store
7017:
7015:
7014:General store
7012:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7001:
7000:
6997:
6996:
6994:
6992:
6988:
6984:
6980:
6975:
6971:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6916:
6914:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6871:
6870:
6867:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6850:
6849:
6848:
6845:
6844:
6842:
6840:
6836:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6804:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6795:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6772:
6771:
6768:
6764:
6761:
6760:
6759:
6756:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6738:
6736:
6735:
6733:
6731:
6727:
6717:
6714:
6710:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6700:Rail vehicles
6698:
6696:
6692:
6689:
6688:
6687:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6674:
6673:wind turbines
6670:
6667:
6665:
6664:Machine tools
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6646:
6645:
6642:
6641:
6639:
6637:
6633:
6627:
6624:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6611:
6610:
6607:
6603:
6600:
6599:
6598:
6595:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6577:
6576:
6573:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6555:
6554:Carbon fibers
6552:
6550:
6547:
6546:
6544:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6526:
6525:
6522:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6494:
6493:
6490:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6448:
6447:
6444:
6440:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6407:
6406:
6403:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6390:
6389:
6386:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6363:
6362:
6359:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6331:
6330:
6327:
6323:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6305:
6302:
6301:
6300:
6297:
6296:
6294:
6290:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6271:Illegal drugs
6269:
6267:
6266:Generic drugs
6264:
6262:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6247:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6184:Agrochemicals
6182:
6180:
6177:
6176:
6175:
6172:
6168:
6167:Pure elements
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6149:
6148:
6145:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6135:Synthetic oil
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6072:
6071:
6067:
6066:
6064:
6062:
6058:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6029:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6016:
6015:
6012:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5997:Lens grinding
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5975:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5951:
5950:
5949:
5946:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5933:
5932:
5929:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5919:Mobile phones
5917:
5916:
5915:
5912:
5908:
5907:storage media
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5893:
5892:
5889:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5871:
5870:
5867:
5866:
5864:
5862:& optical
5858:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5839:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5817:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5758:
5756:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5698:
5697:
5694:
5690:
5689:Optical discs
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5676:
5674:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5646:
5645:
5642:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5604:
5603:
5600:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5552:
5551:
5548:
5544:
5541:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5532:Bottled water
5530:
5528:
5525:
5524:
5523:
5520:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5471:
5470:
5467:
5466:
5464:
5462:
5458:
5455:
5453:Manufacturing
5451:
5447:
5443:
5438:
5434:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5374:
5373:
5370:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5342:
5340:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5252:
5251:
5248:
5247:
5245:
5241:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5213:Sea cucumbers
5211:
5209:
5206:
5205:
5203:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5155:
5154:
5151:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5073:
5072:
5069:
5068:
5066:
5062:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5045:
5044:
5041:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5028:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4990:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4977:
4974:
4973:
4972:
4969:
4965:
4962:
4961:
4960:
4957:
4956:
4954:
4952:
4948:
4940:
4937:
4936:
4935:
4932:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4877:Dairy farming
4875:
4873:
4870:
4869:
4868:
4865:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4852:
4851:
4848:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4783:Apples et al.
4781:
4780:
4779:
4776:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4738:
4737:
4734:
4733:
4731:
4729:
4725:
4722:
4718:
4714:
4710:
4705:
4701:
4697:
4689:
4684:
4682:
4677:
4675:
4670:
4669:
4666:
4656:
4651:
4644:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4618:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4596:Manufacturing
4594:
4592:
4589:
4585:
4582:
4581:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4566:
4564:
4560:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4533:
4531:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4498:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4460:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4450:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4418:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4397:
4390:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4324:Passementerie
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4256:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4239:
4234:
4232:
4227:
4225:
4220:
4219:
4216:
4209:
4205:
4202:
4196:
4192:
4187:
4184:
4180:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4167:
4163:
4160:
4158:9780521458344
4154:
4150:
4149:
4144:
4140:
4137:
4133:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4116:
4112:
4107:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4094:
4090:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4077:
4071:
4067:
4062:
4061:
4049:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4007:
4000:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3951:
3943:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3892:
3884:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3851:
3849:
3847:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3814:
3807:
3805:
3803:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3747:
3745:
3743:
3741:
3724:
3720:
3714:
3695:
3689:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3658:(4): 105277.
3657:
3653:
3645:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3588:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3553:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3501:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3470:(2): 105012.
3469:
3465:
3458:
3451:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3424:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3367:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3321:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3291:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3261:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3231:
3212:
3208:
3201:
3195:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3165:
3147:
3140:
3135:
3129:
3114:
3112:0-521-39482-1
3108:
3104:
3103:
3095:
3088:
3083:
3081:
3073:. 8 May 2019.
3072:
3068:
3062:
3054:
3048:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3032:
3025:
3011:
3007:
3001:
2993:
2989:
2983:
2979:
2978:
2970:
2964:
2959:
2951:
2945:
2937:
2931:
2920:
2913:
2907:
2905:
2888:
2884:
2877:
2869:
2867:9781428922945
2863:
2859:
2853:
2851:
2842:
2840:9781428922945
2836:
2832:
2826:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2787:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2726:
2722:
2719:
2714:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2679:
2672:
2666:
2663:
2662:0-521-01079-9
2659:
2655:
2649:
2643:
2642:0-349-10484-0
2639:
2635:
2629:
2623:, p. 117
2622:
2617:
2610:
2605:
2599:, p. 118
2598:
2593:
2587:, p. 113
2586:
2581:
2579:
2571:
2570:Earnshaw 1986
2566:
2560:, p. 17.
2559:
2558:Earnshaw 1986
2554:
2545:
2538:
2533:
2531:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2509:
2508:Hammond, J.L.
2503:
2495:
2490:
2489:
2480:
2474:
2473:0-471-18045-9
2470:
2464:
2457:
2452:
2444:
2438:
2434:
2427:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2399:
2385:
2381:
2380:
2372:
2368:
2348:
2344:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2314:
2312:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2284:Dust Exposure
2281:
2279:
2275:
2259:
2257:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2210:
2209:externalities
2206:
2204:
2203:supply chains
2201:
2196:
2194:
2193:microplastics
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2165:
2158:
2144:
2143:transposition
2140:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2107:
2099:
2097:
2088:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2073:Uruguay Round
2070:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2010:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1987:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1962:
1960:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1930:
1926:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1907:
1896:
1893:
1885:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1851:This section
1849:
1845:
1840:
1839:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1776:
1772:
1765:Great Britain
1762:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1715:
1713:
1705:
1698:
1692:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1635:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1581:
1577:
1570:
1566:
1561:
1553:
1548:
1538:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:and southern
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1512:iron founding
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1445:
1437:
1433:
1431:
1430:Northrop Loom
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1394:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1350:steam engines
1346:
1340:
1339:Spinning mule
1333:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1251:and in 1762,
1250:
1246:
1243:In 1761, the
1237:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1216:invented the
1215:
1212:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1195:
1185:
1183:
1182:Islamic world
1179:
1176:, to using a
1175:
1171:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1069:
1062:Cottage stage
1054:
1052:
1041:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1021:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
1001:
1000:
997:
989:
988:Sewing thread
986:
984:
982:
979:
978:Yarn (cheese)
974:
971:
969:
968:
964:
960:
958:
955:
951:
949:
946:
942:
940:
939:
935:
931:
929:
926:
922:
920:
918:
915:
913:
912:
908:
904:
902:
899:
895:
893:
890:
886:
884:
883:
880:
877:
875:
872:
868:
866:
863:
861:
860:
856:
852:
850:
847:
843:
841:
838:
834:
832:
831:
828:
825:
823:
820:
816:
814:
811:
809:
808:
804:
800:
798:
795:
791:
789:
786:
782:
780:
779:
776:
773:
771:
768:
764:
762:
759:
757:
756:
752:
748:
746:
743:
739:
737:
734:
730:
728:
727:
724:
721:
719:
716:
712:
710:
708:
705:
703:
702:
698:
694:
692:
689:
685:
682:
678:
675:
671:
669:
668:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
649:
645:
641:
639:
636:
632:
630:
627:
623:
621:
620:
617:
615:
612:
609:
605:
602:
600:
597:
593:
591:
590:
586:
582:
579:
575:
572:
568:
565:
561:
558:
554:
552:
551:
547:
543:
540:
536:
533:
529:
527:
526:
523:
520:
518:
516:
515:Ring spinning
513:
511:
509:
508:Mule spinning
506:
504:
503:
499:
495:
492:
488:
485:
481:
479:
478:
474:
471:
467:
465:
462:
460:
459:
455:
451:
449:
448:
445:Intermediate
444:
442:
441:
437:
433:
431:
430:
426:
424:
423:
419:
415:
413:
412:
408:
406:
405:
401:
397:
394:
390:
387:
383:
381:
380:
376:
372:
370:
368:
365:
363:
362:
358:
354:
352:
349:
345:
343:
342:
338:
334:
332:
329:
327:
326:
322:
318:
315:
311:
308:
304:
302:
301:
298:
295:
293:
291:
289:
287:
284:
282:
281:
277:
273:
270:
266:
263:
259:
257:
256:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
239:
235:
231:
229:
226:
222:
220:
219:
215:
213:
211:
207:
205:
204:
200:
196:
194:
191:
187:
185:
184:
180:
176:
174:
172:
169:
167:
166:
162:
158:
155:
151:
148:
144:
142:
141:
138:
136:
121:
117:
113:
111:
110:
98:
88:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
58:
53:
46:
41:
37:
33:
19:
8315:
8303:
8291:
8210:Spinning-off
8195:Homesteading
8148:Conglomerate
8130:Organization
8083:Raw material
8078:Intermediate
7957:
7956:
7779:Broadcasting
7684:Cruise lines
7654:Maid service
7644:Dry cleaning
7615:Maintenance
7373:Architecture
7338:Professional
7157:Self storage
7061:Distribution
6839:Construction
6684:Other heavy
6609:Formed metal
6563:Mineral wool
6485:Safety glass
6456:Fused quartz
6451:Borosilicate
6115:Paraffin wax
6070:oil refining
6049:Transformers
5815:Other goods
5801:Stonemasonry
5781:Glassblowing
5766:Blow molding
5725:Locksmithing
5701:Boilermaking
5549:
5250:Fossil fuels
5048:Fungiculture
5003:Gutta-percha
4993:Frankincense
4988:Tree tapping
4959:Silviculture
4939:Fur trapping
4850:Horticulture
4798:Stone fruits
4632:Sewing terms
4627:Dyeing terms
4590:
4252:Fundamentals
4245:Textile arts
4207:
4190:
4182:
4172:
4165:
4147:
4135:
4128:
4113:. Batsford.
4110:
4099:
4092:
4082:
4065:
4013:
4009:
3999:
3964:
3960:
3950:
3905:
3901:
3891:
3867:(3): 35â46.
3864:
3860:
3820:
3816:
3760:
3756:
3729:30 September
3727:. Retrieved
3722:
3713:
3703:30 September
3701:. Retrieved
3699:. Greenpeace
3688:
3655:
3651:
3644:
3601:
3597:
3587:
3562:
3558:
3552:
3511:
3507:
3500:
3467:
3463:
3450:
3436:(3): 31â41.
3433:
3429:
3423:
3380:
3376:
3366:
3354:. Retrieved
3334:
3330:
3320:
3308:. Retrieved
3299:
3290:
3278:. Retrieved
3269:
3260:
3248:. Retrieved
3240:www.astm.org
3239:
3230:
3218:. Retrieved
3206:
3194:
3183:. Retrieved
3174:
3164:
3153:. Retrieved
3128:
3116:. Retrieved
3101:
3094:
3070:
3061:
3047:
3030:
3024:
3013:. Retrieved
3009:
3000:
2992:the original
2976:
2969:
2958:
2944:
2930:
2919:the original
2891:. Retrieved
2887:the original
2876:
2857:
2830:
2825:
2803:(1): 67â82.
2800:
2796:
2786:
2775:. Retrieved
2755:
2751:
2713:
2691:(1): 24â50.
2688:
2684:
2671:
2653:
2648:
2633:
2628:
2616:
2604:
2592:
2565:
2553:
2544:
2539:, p. 11
2516:
2502:
2487:
2479:
2463:
2458:, p. 33
2456:Collier 1970
2451:
2432:
2426:
2416:, retrieved
2407:
2398:
2388:, retrieved
2378:
2371:
2347:
2308:
2304:
2303:
2287:
2270:
2253:
2250:Cancer Risks
2244:miscarriages
2225:
2197:
2170:
2134:for Textiles
2108:
2105:
2093:
2066:
2055:
2043:
2016:
2004:
2000:
1984:
1968:
1955:
1947:Calvin Klein
1936:
1927:
1923:
1914:
1910:
1903:
1888:
1879:
1864:Please help
1852:
1797:
1778:
1716:
1700:
1636:
1632:
1604:the computer
1601:
1585:
1541:20th century
1535:
1532:
1493:
1442:
1410:Roberts Loom
1399:
1362:River Bollin
1347:
1343:
1305:
1288:Thomas Highs
1277:
1257:Soho Foundry
1242:
1222:woven fabric
1208:
1197:
1174:drop spindle
1168:
1152:
1147:
1122:began to be
1113:
1102:
1074:Palaeolithic
1071:
1047:
1035:, through a
1027:
1018:
994:
987:
980:
977:
972:
707:Weaving shed
706:
521:
475:Fine roving
297:Carding room
296:
135:Blowing room
134:
125:Bale breaker
68:
66:
36:
8247:Partnership
8227:Cooperative
8200:Outsourcing
8190:Freelancing
8068:Commodities
7772:Video games
7747:Periodicals
7624:Landscaping
7554:Fairgrounds
7456:Advertising
7377:engineering
7361:Bookkeeping
7316:Real estate
7309:Reinsurance
7207:Restaurants
7177:Foodservice
7169:Hospitality
7152:Warehousing
7140:Ridesharing
7130:Car rentals
6862:Residential
6797:Remediation
6680:Automobiles
6502:Earthenware
6471:Glass fiber
6466:Float glass
6276:Supplements
6250:Antibiotics
6152:Fertilizers
6110:Mineral oil
6085:Diesel fuel
6068:Coal &
6028:fiber optic
6002:Microscopes
5956:GPS devices
5936:Televisions
5869:Electronics
5860:Electrical
5806:Woodworking
5761:3D printing
5720:Gunsmithing
5684:Phonographs
5669:Typesetting
5649:Bookbinding
5612:Dressmaking
5607:Accessories
5539:Soft drinks
5474:Animal feed
5265:Natural gas
5153:Aquaculture
5136:Sea urchins
5008:Maple syrup
4882:Fur farming
4872:Beef cattle
4808:Viticulture
4756:Fiber crops
4728:Agriculture
4532:Indonesian
4314:NĂ„lebinding
3071:Le Monde.fr
2893:2 September
2611:, p. 9
1882:August 2023
1771:Calico Acts
1684:South India
1580:Manila hemp
1516:steam power
1416:, made the
1408:frame, the
1374:water wheel
1354:Samuel Greg
1297:cotton mill
1255:opened the
1209:In 1734 in
1084:, Moravia.
8333:Categories
8120:Technology
8090:Innovation
8051:Well-being
7861:University
7794:Television
7731:Mass media
7726:Publishing
7559:Nightclubs
7468:Healthcare
7439:Consulting
7434:Management
7382:Inspection
7366:Tax advice
7346:Accounting
7277:Securities
7093:Intermodal
7029:Mail order
6924:Demolition
6857:Industrial
6852:Commercial
6775:Collection
6626:Cast metal
6512:Refractory
6480:fiberglass
6476:Glass wool
6439:thermosets
6415:Engineered
6344:Engineered
6339:Sawmilling
6233:Toiletries
6204:Explosives
6024:Electrical
6007:Telescopes
5874:Components
5632:Shoemaking
5350:Phosphorus
5243:Geological
5193:Microalgae
5036:Pine resin
5023:Palm sugar
4998:Gum arabic
4912:Beekeeping
4751:Vegetables
4696:industries
4620:Glossaries
4349:Rug making
4319:Needlework
4279:Embroidery
3823:: 105159.
3763:: 110594.
3514:(3): 179.
3185:2007-02-11
3155:2011-10-05
3015:2021-10-29
2777:2024-04-04
2621:Hills 1993
2597:Hills 1993
2585:Hills 1993
2418:2009-01-29
2390:2009-02-12
2359:References
2274:lower back
2236:dermatitis
2212:pollution.
2189:ecosystems
2173:globalized
2139:Directives
2062:Bangladesh
2047:World Bank
1920:Bangladesh
1812:packhorses
1800:Lancashire
1712:AT Kearney
1655:Bangladesh
1612:modacrylic
1545:See also:
1528:Lancashire
1520:Manchester
1426:Lancashire
1422:power loom
1412:. In 1842
1386:Manchester
1332:Power loom
1269:James Watt
1265:Birmingham
1261:Handsworth
330:Sliver lap
45:Bratislava
8222:Ownership
8168:Monopsony
8046:Pollution
8031:Community
7941:standards
7846:Secondary
7833:Education
7816:Streaming
7484:Hospitals
7475:Medicine
7451:Marketing
7387:Surveying
7351:Assurance
7321:Brokerage
7284:Insurance
7212:Teahouses
7197:Fast food
7088:Air cargo
7073:Transport
7056:Brokerage
7046:Wholesale
6934:Elevators
6919:Cabinetry
6847:Buildings
6827:Telephone
6822:Satellite
6790:Recycling
6785:Hazardous
6751:Renewable
6730:Utilities
6691:Aerospace
6659:Hydraulic
6649:Conveyors
6644:Machinery
6549:Abrasives
6507:Porcelain
6461:Soda-lime
6420:Specialty
6410:Commodity
6371:Cardboard
6354:Composite
6292:Materials
6209:Fireworks
6199:Cosmetics
6179:Adhesives
6061:Chemicals
6019:Batteries
5891:Computers
5826:Jewellery
5812:Furniture
5796:Sintering
5776:Extrusion
5730:Machining
5706:Builders'
5659:Engraving
5654:Embossing
5637:Tailoring
5622:Hatmaking
5522:Beverages
5505:Preserved
5402:Limestone
5372:Quarrying
5345:Gemstones
5315:Palladium
5280:Tar sands
5275:Petroleum
5270:Oil shale
5116:Swordfish
5076:Anchovies
4917:Cochineal
4606:Recycling
4579:Fiber art
4421:Byzantine
4329:Patchwork
4030:2093-7911
3983:0019-8366
3924:1745-6673
3908:(1): 39.
3883:2299-8993
3837:233072066
3793:216557035
3680:233901225
3672:2213-3437
3620:0273-1223
3579:2452-2236
3565:: 13â17.
3528:1573-2959
3492:233532794
3484:2213-3437
3399:2191-0308
3351:2662-138X
2809:0022-197X
2364:Citations
2278:neck pain
1991:Catalonia
1853:does not
1808:clothiers
1785:enclosure
1739:Nisshinbo
1665:By region
1624:polyester
1406:cast iron
1316:Derby Rib
1278:In 1764,
1154:requires
1148:Baumwolle
1105:Silk Road
1086:Neolithic
663:Bleaching
427:Slubbing
171:Willowing
8292:Category
8163:Monopoly
8115:Services
7894:Language
7889:Creative
7873:Tutoring
7851:Tertiary
7821:Websites
7801:Internet
7752:Software
7738:Written
7659:Pet care
7619:Janitors
7609:security
7600:Staffing
7524:Gambling
7417:Interior
7398:, &
7392:Physical
7304:Property
7192:Catering
7125:Airlines
7113:Trucking
6949:Plumbing
6904:Dredging
6879:Railways
6812:Internet
6807:Cable TV
6741:Electric
6686:vehicles
6585:Aluminum
6492:Ceramics
6405:Plastics
6318:Currying
6308:deliming
6281:Vaccines
6223:Perfumes
6162:Pigments
6105:Kerosene
6100:Jet fuel
6095:Gasoline
6090:Fuel oil
5822:Bicycles
5736:smithing
5644:Printing
5602:Clothing
5570:Spinning
5550:Textiles
5500:Prepared
5320:Platinum
5290:Aluminum
5218:Scallops
5131:Lobsters
5106:Mackerel
5086:Sardines
5053:Truffles
5029:, &
4976:Firewood
4951:Forestry
4761:Oilseeds
4591:Industry
4569:Blocking
4536:Balinese
4480:Burmese
4411:Quilting
4359:Spinning
4339:Quilting
4299:Knitting
4264:Beadwork
4259:Appliqué
4177:in JSTOR
4145:(1993),
4104:in JSTOR
4048:32596016
3991:18212468
3942:27532013
3785:32335392
3636:58649372
3628:30629532
3536:29492685
3415:44084197
3407:29858909
3310:30 April
3304:Archived
3280:30 April
3274:Archived
3250:30 April
3244:Archived
3220:30 April
3211:Archived
3207:cpsc.gov
3179:Archived
3146:Archived
3036:Archived
2817:24461672
2721:Archived
2514:(1919),
2412:archived
2384:archived
2318:See also
2298:wheezing
2023:textiles
1933:Ethiopia
1906:Pakistan
1834:Pakistan
1826:, wool,
1781:Midlands
1755:Benetton
1680:Tiruppur
1659:Pakistan
1524:Pennines
1382:Cheshire
1370:Cheshire
1239:Shuttles
1232:cotton.
1214:John Kay
1170:Spinning
1160:spinning
1124:imported
1118:period,
1116:medieval
878:Spooling
658:Bundling
614:Doubling
522:Spinning
409:Drawing
253:Teasing
216:Batting
210:scutcher
208:Breaker
85:clothing
73:textiles
8316:Outline
8304:Commons
8058:Funding
8041:Culture
8018:outputs
7928:Related
7868:Testing
7841:Primary
7806:Hosting
7689:Tourism
7675:Travel
7671:Poverty
7649:Funeral
7631:Repairs
7595:Renting
7590:Leasing
7544:Arcades
7540:Venues
7516:leisure
7489:Nursing
7422:Product
7412:Fashion
7396:product
7242:Banking
7051:Auction
6909:Harbors
6889:Tunnels
6874:Bridges
6780:Dumping
6716:Weapons
6534:Plaster
6425:Pellets
6313:Tanning
6299:Leather
6130:Propane
6075:Bitumen
5978:Cameras
5818:Baggage
5791:Pottery
5771:Drawing
5715:Cutlery
5580:Carpets
5575:Weaving
5555:Carding
5484:Canning
5412:Granite
5335:Uranium
5325:Lithium
5198:Seaweed
5183:Oysters
5178:Mussels
5173:Abalone
5168:Tilapia
5163:Catfish
5146:Whaling
5101:Pollock
5096:Haddock
5081:Herring
5071:Fishing
5064:Aquatic
4971:Logging
4934:Hunting
4922:Shellac
4907:Poultry
4855:Flowers
4788:Berries
4771:Tobacco
4746:Legumes
4741:Cereals
4562:Related
4526:Oaxacan
4516:Mexican
4506:Mapuche
4459:African
4374:Weaving
4309:Macramé
4289:Felting
4269:Crochet
4058:Sources
4039:7303531
3933:4986180
3765:Bibcode
3723:Reuters
3544:3710964
3118:14 July
2760:Bibcode
2705:2598327
2665:Read it
2324:Drapers
2071:(GATT)
2067:At the
1943:H&M
1874:removed
1859:sources
1828:fustian
1789:Norwich
1651:Germany
1628:spandex
1620:acrylic
1608:acetate
1569:Tampere
1504:society
1488:250000
1249:Worsley
1164:weaving
1156:retting
1098:5000 BC
1078:textile
1057:History
1033:polymer
917:Weaving
826:Gassing
812:Warping
774:Cabling
760:Beaming
722:Winding
653:Winding
603:Reeling
367:Combing
286:Carding
248:Lapping
57:Germany
8143:Cartel
8016:&
8013:Inputs
7952:ANZSIC
7729:&
7639:Beauty
7607:&
7529:Online
7514:&
7407:Design
7375:&
7289:Health
7247:Credit
7219:Hotels
6999:Retail
6894:Canals
6817:Mobile
6763:Sewage
6737:Power
6707:&
6693:&
6671:&
6619:Forged
6614:Rolled
6597:Alloys
6590:Copper
6556:&
6529:Mortar
6524:Cement
6478:&
6437:&
6388:Rubber
6381:Tissue
6366:Sizing
6349:Lumber
6334:Drying
6322:oiling
6320:&
6306:&
6304:Liming
6216:&
6214:Paints
6030:cables
6026:&
5985:&
5905:Blank
5734:Other
5708:&
5664:Secure
5627:Sewing
5590:Linens
5565:Prints
5560:Dyeing
5536:Liquor
5510:Sweets
5479:Baking
5417:Marble
5397:Gypsum
5377:Gravel
5365:Sulfur
5355:Potash
5310:Silver
5295:Copper
5228:Shrimp
5223:Salmon
5188:Pearls
5013:Mastic
4983:Rattan
4964:Bamboo
4887:Horses
4843:Spices
4833:Olives
4818:Coffee
4793:Citrus
4720:Biotic
4694:Major
4548:Korean
4521:Navajo
4501:Andean
4484:Acheik
4364:Stitch
4354:Sewing
4334:Plying
4284:Fabric
4274:Dyeing
4197:
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4168:(1959)
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1757:, and
1751:Promod
1735:E-land
1731:Saurer
1727:Rieter
1626:, and
1593:DuPont
1485:100000
1473:Looms
1301:Royton
1145:German
1128:Europe
1120:cotton
1082:Pavlov
1051:staple
996:Cotton
981:Bundle
464:Roving
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8098:Labor
8073:Final
8063:Goods
8036:Crime
7981:UKSIC
7971:NAICS
7882:Other
7789:Radio
7767:Music
7742:Books
7575:Other
7536:Sport
7356:Audit
7187:Cafés
7145:Taxis
7083:Cargo
6991:Sales
6884:Roads
6758:Water
6705:Ships
6695:space
6669:Power
6654:Heavy
6602:Steel
6497:Brick
6446:Glass
6393:Tires
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5491:Flour
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5208:Clams
5204:Both
5141:Squid
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5111:Shark
5027:syrup
4860:Seeds
4813:Cocoa
4766:Sugar
4553:MÄori
4541:Sumba
4491:Hmong
4464:Kongo
4294:Fiber
3833:S2CID
3789:S2CID
3697:(PDF)
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3632:S2CID
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3460:(PDF)
3411:S2CID
3214:(PDF)
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2813:JSTOR
2701:JSTOR
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2521:(pdf)
2339:Notes
2228:toxic
2181:water
2126:REACH
2114:CPSIA
2096:China
1939:Guess
1670:India
1647:Italy
1643:India
1639:China
1616:saran
1597:nylon
1589:rayon
1482:55500
1479:14650
1468:1857
1453:Year
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7966:NACE
7959:ISIC
7784:News
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5585:Lace
5543:Wine
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5469:Food
5392:Clay
5382:Sand
5360:Salt
5305:Gold
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5260:Peat
5255:Coal
5158:Carp
5121:Tuna
5031:wine
4927:Silk
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4511:Maya
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3347:ISSN
3312:2018
3282:2018
3252:2018
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2895:2016
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