28:
346:. It gives as an example a new law, passed in 2008, that grants Thai citizenship to stateless people. But it applies only to those who were born before 26 February 1992, thus impacting the young most harshly. The good news is that stateless children can now attend state schools. Also, a new law allows stateless people to seek employment in professions not explicitly reserved for Thais. State hospitals now issue birth certificates to all children, a formality often neglected in the past. Importantly, the Thai military government has adopted the goal of "zero statelessness" by 2024.
2395:
340:
government facilities where they must first show an ID card. They cannot go to a clinic or hospital for treatment of illness or injury. They cannot open a bank account. They cannot buy and use a smartphone, or own and drive a car, or buy property or a home. Some progress is being made, but "...these efforts are halfhearted and plagued with bureaucratic hurdles" according to the
377: Prior to the 3rd revision to the Thai nationality act in 1992, Thai women who did take up the nationality of their foreign spouse did automatically lose their Thai citizenship. However, Section 13 of the current act effectively allows a person in this situation to keep both nationalities, and Thai citizenship is only lost if she makes a formal request for renunciation.
222:
order for their child to be granted Thai citizenship at birth, and revoked citizenship from many people who had it under the earlier act. This caused difficulties for members of hill tribes in border areas who were not registered in the 1956 census, since they had no way to prove that their parents were Thai as opposed to having entered the country as refugees.
265:, as well as send their children to Thai schools; these rules were part of a broader trend of laws designed to promote the assimilation of the Thai Chinese community. From 1935 to 1958, a total of 4,652 Chinese naturalised as Thai citizens. More than half of the naturalisations occurred in 1943 alone, during the
384:
Female foreigners who naturalize as Thai's are also generally able to keep their foreign citizenship unless their original country prohibits it. However, Thai nationality may be stripped from them if they were found to make a false declaration in their Thai citizenship application, makes use of their
225:
Article 23 of the 2008 Nationality Act reversed the 1972 act, restoring citizenship to those who had it before, and allowing people born in
Thailand before 1992 to apply for Thai citizenship anew. However, applicants have reported various difficulties in getting government officials to process their
221:
was restored just four years later by the 1956 Nationality Act. In 1972, due to illegal immigration from Burma and concerns over communist insurgency in border areas, the
Nationality Act was amended to require that both parents be legally resident and domiciled in Thailand for at least five years in
339:
As of 2016 there were 443,862 stateless people in
Thailand who were born in Thailand and live there. Mostly they are from hill tribes or are the children of illegal migrants, most of them from Myanmar. Stateless people in Thailand suffer serious disadvantages. Unlike Thai citizens, they cannot use
277:
one's previous citizenship. However, for foreign women married to Thai men, the requirements are reduced to income over 15,000 baht for the husband, only three years of residence, and the applicant is not required to prove language ability or renounce their previous citizenship. In 2003, 48 people
369:
A major misconception is that a child born with Thai and a foreign nationality must, at the age of 20, choose to renounce their foreign nationality if they wish to remain a Thai citizen. However, Section 14 of the Thai nationality act actually does not force a renunciation, but merely gives a
260:
The strictness of
Thailand's requirements for naturalisation have varied over the years, beginning with fairly loose restrictions, which were tightened in the mid-20th century before being loosened again. The Nationality Act of 1939 tightened the requirements, stipulating that applicants for
385:
former nationality (which mainly means using their foreign passport to enter
Thailand); have lived outside of Thailand for more than five years; does anything prejudicial to the Thai state, national security or public order; or retains the nationality of a state at war with Thailand.
272:
Under the 1992 Nationality Act, naturalisation as a Thai citizen requires five years of residence in
Thailand, Thai language proficiency, as well as proof of a certain over 80,000 baht income and pay income tax over five years, and a declaration of intent to
358:
As the law currently stands, a Thai citizen who is born with another nationality, a person who naturalizes as a Thai, or a Thai who takes a foreign citizenship are generally allowed to maintain their Thai citizenship without issue.
174:
The law of bloodright is the primary mode of acquiring Thai nationality. Any person who is a child of a mother or a father who possesses Thai nationality is a Thai national at birth under
Section 7 of the Thailand Nationality Act.
285:, a naturalised citizen does not gain the right to vote until five years after naturalisation; under Sections 101, 115, 174, and 205, naturalised citizens have no right at all to stand for election to the
354:
There is some confusion regarding the issue of holding Thai dual nationality, largely owing to outdated preconceptions or confused interpretations about what the Thai nationality act states on the matter.
252:
proposed new immigration regulations, based on
Section 7 of the 2008 Nationality Act, to declare children who did not gain Thai citizenship at birth as illegal immigrants and have them deported.
370:
one-year window following that persons 20th birthday for renunciation. If no application is made for renunciation in that one year window, there is also no penalty for not making a ‘choice’.
192:
1745:
1650:
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applications. Following the act's passage, one of the first people to gain citizenship under
Article 23 was Fongchan Suksaneh, a child of American missionaries to the
854:
Napaumporn, Bongkot (February 2011). "Experience in
Solving Statelessness and Nationalitylessness in Thailand: Identification, Prevention, Reduction and Protection".
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may still lose Thai citizenship under various conditions of the 2008 act (such as living abroad) which do not apply to people who have Thai citizenship by virtue of
1785:
975:
1775:
482:
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via the paternal line requires a submission to appropriate authorities indicating legitimacy of the child, or a DNA test proving a biological relationship.
1114:
1420:
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Naturalized person, a person who is naturalized as a Thai must have obtained Thai nationality for at least five years to be eligible to vote.
2164:
2160:
1465:
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234:. Children, neither of whose parents are citizens and at least one of whose parents is an illegal alien, remain not entitled to
2006:
1450:
1352:
1279:
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Natural-born-citizen, is reserved for political careers and some government work (such as judiciary, attorney, police etc.).
624:
1319:
286:
2036:
1705:
1392:
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885:
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486:
294:
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1254:
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If father is Natural-born-citizen, the individual can wait to become commissioned after five years of employment.
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209:, though at times with various restrictions. The 1952 Nationality Act rescinded the 1913 act's provisions for
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International Symposium on Human Rights and Support for the Stateless People around the World: Japan's Role
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2011:
1991:
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2016:
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1249:
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2101:
2001:
1945:
1930:
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1740:
1715:
1685:
1610:
1570:
1402:
1274:
1209:
1194:
1179:
315:
203:
The first Thai Nationality Act of 1913 and most subsequent acts have included the principle of
77:
35:
655:
571:
459:
444:
2207:
1965:
1920:
1885:
1870:
1840:
1695:
1625:
1382:
897:"Life and Death Away from the Golden Land: The Plight of Burmese Migrant Workers in Thailand"
670:
943:"Development of Concepts on Nationality and the Efforts to Reduce Statelessness in Thailand"
27:
2328:
2301:
2192:
8:
2318:
2237:
1780:
231:
2217:
874:
105:
999:, translation by Bongkot Napaumporn of the United Nations High Commission for Refugees
2359:
2311:
881:
840:
821:
732:
290:
996:
2242:
957:
2323:
1033:
269:, apparently driven by the desire to escape wartime restrictions on foreigners.
164:'s first Nationality Act was passed in 1913. The most recent law dates to 2008.
2354:
2254:
413:
919:
485:. Republic of the Philippines: Office of the Solicitor General. Archived from
2415:
2384:
2333:
2265:
1807:
855:
394:
305:
Thai nationality can generally be divided into three levels of citizenship:
240:
citizenship. Furthermore, someone who has Thai citizenship by sole virtue of
227:
150:
2280:
510:
342:
214:
92:
961:
2338:
2296:
46:
262:
191:
2306:
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1002:
793:
362:
The main categories of people this affects includes the following:
236:
205:
161:
156:
67:
733:"Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand (Unofficial Translation)"
213:, in response to concerns over the integration of the children of
537:"Thailand: Legal Obstacles to Citizenship for Indigenous Groups"
794:"Thai Citizenship – Establish yourself in Thailand permanently"
837:
Subject Siam: Family, Law, And Colonial Modernity in Thailand
976:"English Summary of Constitutional Court Ruling No. 15/2551"
997:
Full Text of the Nationality Act No. 4, B.E. 2551 (2008 AD)
261:
naturalisation had to abandon their foreign names and take
818:
The Chinese Émigrés of Thailand in the Twentieth Century
511:"Reaching out to the people languishing in nowhere land"
406:
293:, or to be appointed as a minister or a justice of the
278:
applied for naturalisation, of whom ten were approved.
195:
Fongchan Suksaneh was one of the first people to gain
505:
503:
753:การได้สัญชาติไทย ตาม พ.ร.บ.สัญชาติ พ.ศ.๒๕๐๘ มาตรา ๑๐
541:
Jurist Legal News and Research International Edition
382:
Foreign women taking their Thai husband nationality:
873:
500:
647:
645:
2413:
941:Saisoonthorn, Phunthip Kanchanachittra (2006).
978:. Constitutional Court of Thailand. 2008-10-22
642:
1018:
927:Royal Government Gazette Vol. 129, Chapter 28
625:"Ministry cops flak over push to deport kids"
375:Thai women taking their spouse's nationality:
2165:Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
940:
860:. Osaka, Japan: National Museum of Ethnology
681:
871:
706:
651:
455:
1025:
1011:
853:
559:
199:citizenship under the 2008 Nationality Act
26:
735:. Asian Legal Information Institute. 2007
577:. Canberra, Australia: Royal Thai Embassy
880:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
815:
666:
596:"Amendments to the Nationality Act 2008"
190:
2414:
564:
534:
1006:
682:Suphachaiwat, Suraphan (2003-10-30).
300:
1032:
894:
834:
684:"Thai nationality for foreign women"
470:
440:
55:An Act relating to Thai citizenship
349:
13:
934:
876:Ethnic Chinese as Southeast Asians
707:Khanthawong, Somdej (2004-10-28).
14:
2438:
990:
255:
2394:
2393:
1115:Democratic Republic of the Congo
334:
167:
2260:Birth aboard aircraft and ships
929:. refworld.org. March 21, 2012.
786:
757:
746:
725:
700:
675:
660:
617:
588:
572:"To Acquire a Thai Nationality"
267:Japanese occupation of Thailand
2097:Federated States of Micronesia
1461:St. Vincent and the Grenadines
600:Government Gazette of Thailand
553:
528:
475:
464:
449:
434:
1:
920:""Nationality Act, B.E. 2508"
895:Yang, Bryant Yuan-Fu (2009).
809:
283:2007 Constitution of Thailand
2378:British Overseas Territories
839:. Cornell University Press.
709:"Thai citizenship procedure"
535:Hobbes, Necia (2009-01-31).
148:includes principles of both
7:
2248:Renunciation of citizenship
816:Chansiri, Disaphol (2008).
388:
184:
10:
2443:
835:Loos, Tamara Lynn (2006).
414:"NATIONALITY ACT B.E.2508"
2373:
2347:
2289:
2230:
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2084:
1974:
1801:
1794:
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1488:
1345:
1338:
1047:
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872:Suryadinata, Leo (1997).
765:"Plight of the stateless"
135:
124:
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91:
83:
73:
63:
41:
34:
25:
20:
1095:Central African Republic
950:Refugee Survey Quarterly
400:
287:House of Representatives
281:Under Section 99 of the
2193:Commonwealth of Nations
367:Dual national children:
2007:Bosnia and Herzegovina
200:
78:Government of Thailand
36:Parliament of Thailand
2390:Partially recognized.
1255:São Tomé and Príncipe
309:Both parents must be
194:
2422:Thai nationality law
2329:Second-class citizen
2302:Multiple citizenship
1771:United Arab Emirates
1405:(Kingdom of Denmark)
901:Thailand Law Journal
316:Commissioned officer
311:Natural-born-citizen
295:Constitutional Court
250:Ministry of Interior
146:Thai nationality law
21:Thai Citizenship Act
2319:Permanent residency
2238:Loss of citizenship
2213:Caribbean Community
1466:Trinidad and Tobago
1451:St. Kitts and Nevis
1353:Antigua and Barbuda
962:10.1093/rsq/hdi0145
232:Chiang Mai Province
1393:Dominican Republic
301:Citizenship status
215:Chinese immigrants
201:
106:Bhumibol Adulyadej
64:Territorial extent
2409:
2408:
2383:Open border with
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2225:
2080:
2079:
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1479:US Virgin Islands
1406:
1130:Equatorial Guinea
820:. Cambria Press.
774:. 7 December 2016
143:
142:
2434:
2397:
2396:
2243:Denaturalization
2132:Papua New Guinea
2117:Marshall Islands
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1798:
1404:
1343:
1342:
1045:
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1034:Nationality laws
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456:Suryadinata 1997
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350:Dual nationality
230:who was born in
217:, but unlimited
30:
18:
17:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2427:Law of Thailand
2412:
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2410:
2405:
2369:
2343:
2324:Right of return
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2222:
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2179:
2142:Solomon Islands
2076:
2042:Northern Cyprus
2037:North Macedonia
1970:
1805:
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1334:
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935:Further reading
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248:. In 2013, the
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74:Enacted by
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2255:Naturalization
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2072:United Kingdom
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1975:Rest of Europe
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1320:Western Sahara
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1110:Congo Republic
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991:External links
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667:Chansiri 2008
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489:on 2014-01-26
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335:Statelessness
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228:Mlabri people
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179:Jus sanguinis
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169:Jus sanguinis
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151:jus sanguinis
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125:February 1992
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115:5 August 1965
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87:4 August 1965
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40:
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29:
24:
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16:
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2365:Soviet Union
2360:Ancient Rome
2355:Nazi Germany
2281:Repatriation
2271:
2264:
2231:By procedure
1766:Turkmenistan
1755:
1721:Saudi Arabia
1285:South Africa
1270:Sierra Leone
1075:Burkina Faso
1041:By continent
980:. Retrieved
965:. Retrieved
956:(3): 40–53.
953:
949:
926:
909:. Retrieved
904:
900:
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862:. Retrieved
856:
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797:. Retrieved
788:
776:. Retrieved
772:Bangkok Post
771:
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737:. Retrieved
727:
716:. Retrieved
712:
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691:. Retrieved
687:
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662:
633:. Retrieved
631:. 2013-01-18
629:Bangkok Post
628:
619:
608:. Retrieved
606:. 2008-02-27
603:
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579:. Retrieved
566:
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544:. Retrieved
540:
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519:. Retrieved
517:. 2012-06-10
515:Bangkok Post
514:
491:. Retrieved
487:the original
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424:. Retrieved
421:Refworld.org
420:
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343:Bangkok Post
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155:
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145:
144:
136:
97:21 July 1965
93:Royal assent
45:
15:
2339:Travel visa
2297:Citizenship
2122:New Zealand
1966:Switzerland
1921:Netherlands
1731:South Korea
1711:Philippines
1691:North Korea
1571:Afghanistan
1475:Puerto Rico
1398:El Salvador
1290:South Sudan
1175:Ivory Coast
768:(Editorial)
2416:Categories
2052:San Marino
2032:Montenegro
1997:Azerbaijan
1911:Luxembourg
1776:Uzbekistan
1746:Tajikistan
1651:Kyrgyzstan
1646:Kazakhstan
1606:East Timor
1581:Bangladesh
1403:Greenland
1378:Costa Rica
1280:Somaliland
1265:Seychelles
1230:Mozambique
1215:Mauritania
1200:Madagascar
1155:The Gambia
1090:Cape Verde
982:2013-01-23
967:2013-01-23
911:2013-01-23
864:2013-01-23
810:References
799:2019-10-24
778:7 December
739:2013-01-23
718:2018-09-29
693:2018-09-29
669:, p.
654:, p.
635:2013-01-23
610:2012-06-22
581:2013-01-23
546:2013-01-23
521:2012-09-21
493:2012-06-22
483:"Thailand"
458:, p.
443:, p.
263:Thai names
127:March 1992
47:Long title
2290:By result
2092:Australia
1906:Lithuania
1736:Sri Lanka
1726:Singapore
1706:Palestine
1616:Indonesia
1551:Venezuela
1496:Argentina
1456:St. Lucia
1441:Nicaragua
1416:Guatemala
1220:Mauritius
471:Yang 2009
441:Loos 2006
112:Commenced
2400:Category
2312:Internal
2307:Passport
2273:Ius soli
2203:Mercosur
2112:Kiribati
1951:Slovenia
1946:Slovakia
1936:Portugal
1826:Bulgaria
1756:Thailand
1701:Pakistan
1676:Mongolia
1671:Malaysia
1596:Cambodia
1541:Suriname
1531:Paraguay
1516:Colombia
1426:Honduras
1388:Dominica
1363:Barbados
1339:Americas
1330:Zimbabwe
1300:Tanzania
1145:Ethiopia
1140:Eswatini
1120:Djibouti
1085:Cameroon
1070:Botswana
389:See also
365:–
275:renounce
242:jus soli
237:jus soli
219:jus soli
211:jus soli
206:jus soli
197:jus soli
186:Jus soli
162:Thailand
157:jus soli
68:Thailand
2348:Defunct
2175:Vanuatu
2085:Oceania
2067:Ukraine
2022:Moldova
2012:Georgia
2002:Belarus
1992:Andorra
1987:Armenia
1982:Albania
1941:Romania
1886:Ireland
1881:Iceland
1876:Hungary
1866:Germany
1856:Finland
1851:Estonia
1846:Denmark
1831:Croatia
1821:Belgium
1816:Austria
1781:Vietnam
1681:Myanmar
1666:Lebanon
1576:Bahrain
1546:Uruguay
1521:Ecuador
1501:Bolivia
1431:Jamaica
1411:Grenada
1358:Bahamas
1310:Tunisia
1275:Somalia
1260:Senegal
1245:Nigeria
1235:Namibia
1225:Morocco
1190:Liberia
1185:Lesotho
1135:Eritrea
1105:Comoros
1080:Burundi
1055:Algeria
426:17 July
289:or the
139:Amended
137:Status:
2152:Tuvalu
2062:Turkey
2057:Serbia
2047:Russia
2027:Monaco
2017:Kosovo
1961:Sweden
1931:Poland
1926:Norway
1896:Latvia
1871:Greece
1861:France
1836:Cyprus
1795:Europe
1761:Turkey
1751:Taiwan
1656:Kuwait
1641:Jordan
1631:Israel
1591:Brunei
1586:Bhutan
1526:Guyana
1506:Brazil
1446:Panama
1436:Mexico
1373:Canada
1368:Belize
1325:Zambia
1315:Uganda
1250:Rwanda
1205:Malawi
1165:Guinea
1060:Angola
1048:Africa
884:
843:
824:
291:Senate
120:Amends
84:Passed
2147:Tonga
2137:Samoa
2127:Palau
2107:Nauru
1956:Spain
1916:Malta
1891:Italy
1786:Yemen
1741:Syria
1716:Qatar
1686:Nepal
1636:Japan
1611:India
1601:China
1511:Chile
1489:South
1421:Haiti
1346:North
1295:Sudan
1240:Niger
1195:Libya
1180:Kenya
1160:Ghana
1150:Gabon
1125:Egypt
1065:Benin
946:(PDF)
923:(PDF)
575:(PDF)
417:(PDF)
401:Notes
2169:Guam
2102:Fiji
1806:and
1696:Oman
1661:Laos
1626:Iraq
1621:Iran
1564:Asia
1536:Peru
1383:Cuba
1305:Togo
1210:Mali
1100:Chad
882:ISBN
841:ISBN
822:ISBN
780:2016
428:2019
313:, a
154:and
131:2012
129:2008
958:doi
907:(1)
656:252
604:125
460:251
445:134
2418::
2167:,
2163:,
1477:,
954:25
952:.
948:.
925:.
905:12
903:.
899:.
770:.
711:.
686:.
671:71
644:^
627:.
602:.
598:.
539:.
513:.
502:^
419:.
380:–
373:–
297:.
160:.
2387:.
2380:.
2171:)
2159:(
1481:)
1473:(
1026:e
1019:t
1012:v
985:.
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960::
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867:.
849:.
830:.
802:.
782:.
742:.
721:.
696:.
638:.
613:.
584:.
549:.
524:.
496:.
430:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
