1025:
39:
2046:
682:
5116:
1003:
2088:
1388:
1656:
2060:
2074:
1457:
condemnation of homosexual acts, suggesting, among other interpretations, that the passage condemned heterosexuals who experimented with homosexual activity or that Paul's condemnation was relative to his own culture, in which homosexuality was not understood as an orientation and in which being penetrated was seen as shameful. These interpretations are, however, in a minority.
1895:, Professor of Religious Studies at the University of North Carolina, states of Jesus's references to Genesis 1 and 2, " not actually defining marriage. He's answering a specific question." Ehrman notes further "And here the conversation is quite easy. In our surviving records Jesus says nothing about same-sex acts or sexual orientation. Nothing. Nada."
1876:
He answered, "Have you not read that the one who made them at the beginning 'made them male and female', and said, 'For this reason a man shall leave his father and mother and be joined to his wife, and the two shall become one flesh'? So they are no longer two, but one flesh. Therefore what God has
1781:
with their wives". Although the constituent elements of the compound word refer to sleeping with men, he obviously does not use it to mean homosexual intercourse and appears to employ it for anal intercourse, not generic homosexual activity. Particulars of
Boswell's arguments are rejected by several
1438:
That is why God abandoned them to their shameful desires. Even the women turned against the natural way to have sex and instead indulged in sex with each other. And the men, instead of having normal sexual relations with women, burned with lust for each other. Men did shameful things with other men,
2033:
The
Ethiopian eunuch, an early Gentile convert described in Acts 8, has been interpreted by some commentators as an early gay Christian, based on the fact that the word "eunuch" in the Bible was not always used literally, as in Matthew 19:12. Some religious commentators suggest that the combination
1485:
Know ye not that the unrighteous shall not inherit the kingdom of God? Be not deceived: neither fornicators, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor effeminate, nor abusers of themselves with mankind, Nor thieves, nor covetous, nor drunkards, nor revilers, nor extortioners, shall inherit the kingdom of
1993:
in
Matthew's account is the centurion's "boy-love", and that the centurion did not want Jesus to enter his house for fear the boy would be enamoured of Jesus instead. D.B. Saddington writes that, while he does not exclude the possibility, the evidence the two put forward supports "neither of these
1494:
But we know that the law is good, if a man use it lawfully; Knowing this, that the law is not made for a righteous man, but for the lawless and disobedient, for the ungodly and for sinners, for unholy and profane, for murderers of fathers and murderers of mothers, for manslayers; For whoremongers,
918:
Analyses by Saul Olyan, Professor of
Religious Studies and Director of the Judaic Studies Program at Brown University, K. Renato Lings, and others focus on ambiguities embedded in the original Hebrew, arguing these ambiguities may not prohibit all erotic expression between men but rather proscribe
1948:
Matthew's account has parallels in Luke 7:1–10 and John 4:46–53. There are major differences between John's account and those of the two synoptic writers, but such differences exist also between the two synoptic accounts, with next to nothing of the details in Luke 7:2–6 being present also in
1798:
relates to homosexuality. Another work attributed to John the Faster, a series of canons that for various sins provided shorter though stricter penances in place of the previous longer penances, applies a penance of 80 days for "intercourse of men with one another" (canon 9), explained in the
1579:
in contemporaneous sources. Some scholars consider Paul to have adapted this word by translating, to Greek, the verse from
Leviticus 20:13, with additional adaption from the wording of the Septuagint translations of Leviticus 18:22 and 20:23 Due to its unclear definition, English translators
3143:
ed. Judith A. Kates and Gail
Twersky Reimer (New York: Ballatine Books, 1994). Lesleigh Cushing Stahlberg calls the book of Ruth "the prooftext the religious left needs for sanctioning forbidden marriages." Stahlberg, "Modern Day Moabites: The Bible and the Debate About Same-Sex Marriage,"
1087:
Behold, this was the iniquity of thy sister Sodom, pride, fullness of bread, and abundance of idleness was in her and in her daughters, neither did she strengthen the hand of the poor and needy. And they were haughty, and committed abomination before me: therefore I took them away as I saw
1456:
viewed it as referring to heterosexual and homosexual anal sex. Although
Christians of several denominations have historically maintained that this verse is a complete prohibition of all forms of homosexual activity, some 20th- and 21st-century authors contend the passage is not a blanket
2627:, p. 135 The Hebrew Bible only prohibits this practice for men. This is clearly seen by contrasting these verses with Lev. 18:23 and 20:15-16 respectively, where sex with animals is prohibited for both men and women. More recent interpretations focus on its context as part of the
1718:
says the early church seemed to have understood it as a person with a "soft" or weak morality; later, it would come to denote (and be translated as) those who engage in masturbation, or "those who abuse themselves"; all that is factually known about the word is that it means "soft".
1626:". Also translates to "of things subject to touch, "soft" (used in Matthew 11:8 and Luke 7:25 to describe a garment); of things not subject to touch, "gentle"; and, of persons or modes of life, a number of meanings that include "pathic". However, in modern Greek it has come to mean "
1829:
in the original. According to the same work, ordination is not to be conferred on someone who as a boy has been the victim of anal intercourse, but this is not the case if the semen was ejaculated between his thighs (canon 19). These canons are included, with commentary, in the
1939:): a child in relation to descent (son or daughter); a child in relation to age (boy or girl); a slave or servant (male or female). In her detailed study of the episode in Matthew and Luke, Wendy Cotter dismisses as very unlikely the idea that the use of the Greek word
1043:
does not explicitly identify homosexuality as the sin for which they were destroyed. Some interpreters find the story of Sodom and a similar one in Judges 19 to condemn the rape of guests more than homosexuality, but the passage has historically been interpreted within
1460:
Scholars, noting that Romans 1:18–32 represents an exception in the book of Romans as a whole and uses vocabulary elsewhere not seen in Paul's letters, have for decades puzzled over the passage. Some scholars believe these verses are part of a much larger non-Pauline
1465:, a later addition to the letter. Others argue that the grammar of the Greek original demands that Romans 1:18–32 be read as a rhetorical set-up, a summary of Hellenistic Jewish legalist rhetoric that Paul actively forbids followers of Christ from using in Romans 2.
2006:
who were born as such, eunuchs who were made so by others, and eunuchs who choose to live as such for the kingdom of heaven. Jesus's reference to eunuchs who were born as such has been interpreted by some commentators as having to do with homosexual orientation;
3178:
Among feminist authors perceptions of the book's message and value have varied widely, with some seeing the story as a model for lesbian relationships (Alpert), and others as a celebration of the relationship between two strong and resourceful women (Brenner
976:
is found only within
Leviticus 18:22 and 20:13, and Genesis 49:4) is crucial to illuminate the incestuous connotation of the passage, and the translation of miškevē in light of Genesis results in the text of Leviticus 18 and 20 becoming more cohesive.
1443:
This passage, part of a larger discourse in 1:18–32, has been debated by contemporary Bible scholars as to its relevance today, what it actually prohibits and whether it represents Paul's view or rhetoric that Paul is actively arguing against.
915:. Donald J. Wold argues that ancient Israel viewed the Canaanites as "practitioners of homosexuality, rape and incest". They also condemned homosexuality as defying the "male–female model of sexual union" and the holiness of God's sanctuary.
1919:, used in this account to refer to the servant, was sometimes given a sexual meaning. Donald Wold states that its normal meaning is "boy", "child" or "slave" and its application to a boy lover escapes notice in the standard lexica of
1120:
Even as Sodom and
Gomorrha, and the cities about them in like manner, giving themselves over to fornication, and going after strange flesh, are set forth an example, suffering the vengeance of eternal fire. Likewise also these
1059:
While the Jewish prophets spoke only of lack of charity as the sin of Sodom, the exclusively sexual interpretation became so prevalent among
Christian communities that the name "Sodom" became the basis of the word
1148:) were the first reported individuals to assert unambiguously that homosexuality was among the sins of Sodom. By the end of the 1st century AD, Jews commonly identified the sin of Sodom with homosexual practices.
2665:
3750:
ed. C. Cummings (Orthodox Christian Educational Society, Chicago, Illinois, 1957), from the metaphor of the church as a ship, 'the members of the Church guided on their voyage through life by means of the holy
1501:), for menstealers, for liars, for perjured persons, and if there be any other thing that is contrary to sound doctrine; According to the glorious gospel of the blessed God, which was committed to my trust.
1575:) meaning "bed", with a sexual connotation. A direct translation would be "male-bed". Its first recorded use was by Paul in 1 Corinthians and later in 1 Timothy 1 (attributed to Paul), and remains
3139:
Contemporary exegetes have perceived lesbian undertones in the relationship between Ruth and Naomi. 38. See Rebecca Alpert, "Finding Our Past: A Lesbian Interpretation of the Book of Ruth,"
755:
chapter 20 is more comprehensive on matters of detestable sexual acts. Some texts included in the New Testament also reference homosexual individuals and sexual relations, such as the
3763:
5418:
1311:
1792:, to be "consistent with a homosexual meaning". A discussion document issued by the House of Bishops of the Church of England states that most scholars still hold that the word
2359:
1103:
also interprets the sin of Sodom as lack of charity, with the attempted rape of the angels being a manifestation of the city's violation of the social order of hospitality.
365:
1083:
refer vaguely to the sin of Sodom, Ezekiel specifies that the city was destroyed because of its commission of social injustice as well as its commission of "abomination:"
2673:
900:"If a man lies with a man as with a woman, both of them have committed an abomination; they shall surely be put to death; their blood is upon them." Chapter 20 verse 13
2019:
writes, "The first category – those eunuchs who have been so from birth – is the closest description we have in the Bible of what we understand today as homosexual."
2034:
of "eunuch" together with the title "court official" indicates a literal eunuch who would have been excluded from the Temple by the restriction in Deuteronomy 23:1.
1197:
is also occasionally interpreted by contemporary scholars as the story of a lesbian couple. Coogan states that the Hebrew Bible does not even mention lesbianism.
1416:
3969:"Why the Disagreement over the Biblical Witness on Homosexual Practice?: A Response to David G. Myers and Letha Dawson Scanzoni, What God Has Joined Together?"
1273:
4709:
2690:
Olyan, Saul (October 1994). "'And with a male you shall not lie the lying down of a woman': on the meaning and significance of Leviticus 18:22 and 20:13".
1486:
God. And such were some of you: but ye are washed, but ye are sanctified, but ye are justified in the name of the Lord Jesus, and by the Spirit of our God.
1891:
argues that Jesus's back-to-back references to Genesis 1 and Genesis 2 show that he "presupposed a two-sex requirement for marriage". On the other hand,
5355:
4679:
1740:
states that it "did not connote homosexuality to Paul or his early readers", and that in later Christian literature the word is used, for instance, by
1838:, an English translation of which was produced by Denver Cummings and published by the Orthodox Christian Educational Society in 1957 under the title
980:
Some authors suggest that the prohibitions in Leviticus 18 and 20 specifically condemn males penetrating other males, thus "emasculating" the latter (
5632:
1278:
4451:
3647:
Christianity, social tolerance, and homosexuality: gay people in Western Europe from the beginning of the Christian era to the fourteenth century
5600:
1845:
Some scholars consider that the term was not used to refer to a homosexual orientation, but argue that it referred instead to sexual activity.
5270:
2779:
Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 54a and b; Josephus, Against Apion 2.199; and Philo, Abraham 135. Some modern authors stating this view include
5507:
3770:
1539:
is a compound word. Compound words are formed when two or more words are put together to form a new word with a new meaning. In this case,
1129:
This has been interpreted as a reference to homosexuality by some and to the sexual lust of mortals after angels by others. Jewish writers
343:
5700:
5301:
1987:
write that Roman historical data about patron–client relationships and about same-sex relations among soldiers support the view that the
1409:
390:
4884:
4407:
1182:
identifies the story as one of desire for David by both Saul and Jonathan, stating, "Saul's jealousy has driven into Jonathan's arms."
5471:
4930:
Thurston, Thomas (1990). "Leviticus 18:22 and the Prohibition of Homosexual Acts". In Stemmeler, Michael L.; Clark, J. Michael (eds.).
5690:
1246:
5408:
4797:
1369:
1296:
4948:
1913:
In Matthew 8:5–13 and Luke 7:1–10, Jesus heals a centurion's servant who is dying. Daniel A. Helminiak writes that the Greek word
5595:
5130:
1346:
710:
506:
412:
1505:
In the letter to the Corinthians, within the list of people who will not inherit the kingdom of God, Paul uses two Greek words:
923:
between male family members. They argue English translators of Leviticus added to the original text to compensate for perceived
5660:
5540:
5348:
5195:
1402:
312:
193:
188:
2360:
What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It?: What Archeology Can Tell Us About the Reality of Ancient Israel
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3708:
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3451:
3171:
3132:
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1711:
180:
4191:
Saddington, D. B. (2006). "The Centurion in Matthew 8:5–13: Consideration of the Proposal of Theodore W. Jennings, Jr., and
1904:
1860:(another word that appears in 1 Corinthians 6:9) as referring to weakness and effeminacy or to the practice of exploitative
5695:
5680:
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5545:
5200:
4647:
3555:
5400:
5233:
5040:
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1306:
1241:
1231:
1108:
441:
4240:
Clemente de Alejandria: Stromata II-III, Fuentes Patristicas, vol.10 (Marcelo Merino Rodriguez ed.), Madrid 1998, p. 315
5413:
1908:
1301:
1261:
1206:
216:
211:
3462:
3363:(Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1975), 40–56; William O. Walker, Jr., "Romans 1.18–2.29: A Non-Pauline Interpolation?"
5530:
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5433:
5341:
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3514:
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2281:
1872:
In Matthew 19 and parallel in Mark 10, Jesus is asked if a man can divorce his wife. In that context, Jesus replies:
1698:
1341:
1331:
1256:
784:
359:
224:
4156:(2004). "Mistaken Identities but Model Faith: Rereading the Centurion, the Chap, and the Christ in Matthew 8:5–13".
5218:
2941:
1190:, addresses the claim of the alleged homosexual relationship between David and Jonathan and explicitly rejects it.
635:
116:
5675:
5665:
5590:
5497:
5383:
5312:
3163:
Dictionary of the Old Testament: Wisdom, Poetry & Writings: A Compendium of Contemporary Biblical Scholarship
2126:
1665:
1622:, "softness", "weakliness") is an ancient Greek word that, in relation to men, has sometimes been translated as "
675:
545:
307:
4940:
3968:
961:
Lings argues the inclusion of prepositions not in the original text and the translation of Leviticus' otherwise
5514:
4956:
4310:
Freedom, Glorious Freedom: The Spiritual Journey to the Fullness of Life for Gays, Lesbians, and Everybody Else
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2160:
2111:
1994:
interpretations", with Wendy Cotter saying that they fail to take account of Jewish condemnation of pederasty.
1236:
384:
2411:
Mbuwayesango, Dora R. (2016) . "Part III: The Bible and Bodies – Sex and Sexuality in Biblical Narrative". In
5627:
5535:
5423:
1326:
1316:
511:
4676:
767:. Both references in the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament have been interpreted as referring primarily to
5448:
3869:
3019:
955:
3742:
These are contained in several collections; the most widely used today in Greek-speaking Orthodoxy is the
2958:
A Tale of Two Cities: Sodom and Gomorrah in the Old Testament, Early Jewish and Early Christian Traditions
5615:
5438:
5428:
5324:
5265:
5240:
1462:
1364:
1336:
1321:
846:
732:
703:
1732:(which may be of his coinage), with most commentators and translators interpreting it as a reference to
1064:", still a legal synonym for homosexual and non-procreative sexual acts, particularly anal or oral sex.
407:
5655:
5378:
5250:
4688:
3593:
3589:
3357:
Authority in Paul and Peter: The Identification of a Pastoral Stratum in the Pauline Corpus and 1 Peter
2209:
2121:
1805:
as mutual masturbation – double the penalty for solitary masturbation (canon 8) – and three years with
853:" by some), believing and teaching that such behaviors are forbidden because they are considered to be
3956:
2484:(June 2003). Carey, Lindsay B. (ed.). "Religion and Sexuality: The Perversion of a Natural Marriage".
5476:
5296:
4459:
4229:
2755:
2318:
2116:
1733:
1157:
630:
3945:
3934:
2720:
Lings, K. Renato (11 August 2009). "The 'Lyings' of a Woman: Male-Male Incest in Leviticus 18.22?".
38:
5685:
5502:
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5255:
5095:
4672:
4570:
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818:
575:
396:
354:
198:
3530:
2857:
1971:(son) in John. Writers who admit John 4:46–53 as a parallel passage generally interpret Matthew's
1434:
Romans 1:26–27 is commonly cited as one instance of New Testament teaching against homosexuality:
5260:
5100:
5033:
2428:
2207:
Gnuse, Robert K. (May 2015). "Seven Gay Texts: Biblical Passages Used to Condemn Homosexuality".
1801:
1187:
600:
585:
535:
370:
170:
158:
139:
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scholars in a way qualified as persuasive by David F. Greenberg, who declares usage of the term
1676:
5670:
5610:
5180:
5175:
5145:
4825:
Martin, Dale. 1996 "Arsenokoites and malakos: Meanings and Consequences", pp. 117–136. in
4677:
No kingdom of God for softies? or, what was Paul really saying? 1 Corinthians 6:9–10 in context
2364:
2015:
that some men, from birth, are naturally averse to women and should not marry. Catholic priest
1669:
696:
659:
651:
595:
565:
402:
375:
103:
4362:
4335:
4308:
4251:
4092:
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3844:
3698:
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3475:
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2954:
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2011:, for instance, cites in his book "Stromata" (chapter III,1,1) an earlier interpretation from
5190:
5150:
4881:
4402:
4281:
4119:
3882:
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3725:
3242:
3221:
3122:
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2542:
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2141:
2101:
2008:
1835:
1445:
1007:
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736:
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580:
479:
2436:
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1052:
as a punishment for homosexuality due to the interpretation that the men of Sodom wished to
5160:
4192:
4153:
3202:
1984:
924:
772:
530:
516:
431:
338:
265:
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2833:
1680:
897:"You shall not lie with a male as with a woman; it is an abomination." Chapter 18 verse 22
8:
5223:
5165:
5155:
5135:
4734:
4516:
2612:
2592:
2554:
2481:
2065:
1888:
1741:
1017:
890:
876:
842:
775:, though the term homosexual was never used as it was not coined until the 19th century.
560:
555:
540:
521:
456:
451:
244:
1977:
as "child" or "boy", while those who exclude it see it as meaning "servant" or "slave".
1769:, known as John the Faster. In a passage dealing with sexual misconduct, John speaks of
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5026:
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4973:
4626:
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and as a result of this sin, they suffered within themselves the penalty they deserved.
1163:
1036:
1011:
997:
858:
664:
646:
605:
421:
240:
134:
124:
1927:. The Greek-English Lexicon of Liddell and Scott registers three meanings of the word
927:
in the biblical text; but thereby altered the verse's meaning. Leviticus 18:22 reads:
5008:
4920:
4906:
4871:
4848:
4830:
4816:
4811:
Koch, Timothy R 2001 "Cruising as methodology: homoeroticism and the scriptures", in
4787:
4779:
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4756:
4742:
4727:
4717:
4700:
4632:
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4576:
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4505:
4471:
4425:
4368:
4341:
4314:
4287:
4257:
4125:
4098:
4068:
4038:
4011:
3915:
3888:
3850:
3823:
3748:
The Rudder (Pedalion) of the Orthodox Christians or All the Sacred and Divine Canons,
3731:
3704:
3678:
3651:
3612:
3510:
3481:
3432:
3413:
3305:
3280:
3248:
3226:
3167:
3128:
3089:
3038:
3000:
2963:
2897:
2863:
2741:
2699:
2644:
2566:
2507:
2462:
2450:
2440:
2386:
2376:
2332:
2322:
2287:
2277:
2242:
2230:
2218:
1980:
1920:
1789:
1723:
1179:
810:
756:
752:
748:
497:
436:
203:
2527:
1959:
used by both Matthew and Luke and, since it can mean either son or slave, it became
857:, and further compared to or derived from the behaviour of the alleged residents of
5291:
5085:
4965:
4549:
4463:
4204:
4165:
3804:
3401:
2917:
2729:
2558:
2499:
2432:
2350:
2222:
2028:
1474:
1024:
348:
326:
255:
175:
129:
3990:
3884:
The New Testament and homosexuality: contextual background for contemporary debate
3244:
The lavender vote: Lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals in American electoral politics
1765:) who evidently used it in reference to women, and in the writings of 6th-century
4895:
4888:
4840:
4683:
4411:
3645:
3631:
3359:, SNTSMS 45 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983), 113; John C. O'Neill,
2631:, a code of purity meant to distinguish the behaviour of the Israelites from the
2562:
2495:
2372:
2175:"Τὸ μέντοι τῆς ἀρσενοκοιτίας μῦσος πολλοὶ καὶ μετὰ τῶν γυναικῶν αὐτῶν ἐκτελοῦσιν"
2016:
1810:
1576:
1449:
1167:
1113:
1040:
962:
814:
4662:
3531:"Malakia Meaning in Bible – New Testament Greek Lexicon – New American Standard"
3347:(Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press, 1943), 79–86; Alfred Firmin Loisy,
1170:
has been interpreted by traditional and mainstream writers as a relationship of
908:, a code of purity meant to distinguish the behavior of the Israelites from the
5316:
5286:
5090:
5000:
2079:
1268:
1194:
1183:
1076:
768:
760:
570:
446:
260:
51:
22:
4798:"Homosexuality and the Bible: A Case Study in the Use of the Bible for Ethics"
3405:
3392:
Porter, Calvin (1994). "Romans 1:18–32: Its Role in Developing the Argument".
2503:
763:, and Pauline epistles originally directed to the early Christian churches in
5649:
5481:
5066:
5062:
4590:
4435:
Boyarin, Daniel (1995). "Are there any Jews in 'The History of Sexuality'?".
2628:
2608:
2588:
2511:
2424:
2314:
2265:
2234:
2226:
1924:
1813:, 15 without (canon 18) for being "so mad as to copulate with another man" –
1715:
1478:
905:
886:
830:
794:
740:
728:
94:
89:
4538:
Cohen, Martin (1990). "The Biblical Prohibition of Homosexual Intercourse".
2390:
958:
renders Leviticus 18:22 as "You shall not lie with a male as with a woman".
5333:
5320:
5058:
4614:
Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte Romantische Abteilung
4417:
2703:
2106:
2093:
2051:
1945:
indicated a sexual relationship between the centurion and the young slave.
1737:
1627:
1392:
1049:
909:
870:
834:
802:
790:
724:
686:
302:
297:
286:
108:
63:
4561:
4553:
2733:
904:
More recent interpretations focus on the passage's context as part of the
849:
sexual intercourse (of which the penetrative forms have been labelled as "
3474:
Pregeant, Russell (2008). Stefan Koenemann & Ronald A. Jenner (ed.).
1892:
1374:
1175:
4612:
Daube, David (1986). "The Old Testament Prohibitions of Homosexuality".
4216:
2519:
1452:
regarded it as concerning female and male homosexual intercourse, while
5575:
5115:
4977:
4177:
3086:
Jacob's Wound: Homoerotic Narrative in the Literature of Ancient Israel
2632:
1823:
as "guilty of arsenocoetia (i.e., sexual intercourse between males)" –
1623:
985:
912:
806:
764:
625:
275:
73:
3355:(New Hyde Park, NY: University Books, 1962), 363 n.21; Winsome Munro,
2604:
2585:
1726:– Leviticus 18:22 and Leviticus 20:13 – in mind when he used the word
1112:, considered it to be an illicit form of heterosexual intercourse. In
1002:
4801:
4502:
Love Between Women: Early Christian Responses to Female Homoeroticism
4494:
Love Between Women: Early Christian Responses to Female Homoeroticism
4208:
3343:(London: Villiers Publications, 1964), 80–85; Robert Martyr Hawkins,
2368:
2012:
1988:
1972:
1966:
1960:
1955:
used by Matthew may be that used in the hypothetical source known as
1950:
1940:
1934:
1914:
1861:
1855:
1849:
1806:
1793:
1783:
1776:
1770:
1609:
1581:
1564:
1552:
1546:
1540:
1534:
1520:
1506:
1496:
1080:
882:
4969:
4169:
2666:"Out of Order: Homosexuality in the Bible and the Ancient Near East"
1775:
as active or passive and says that "many men even commit the sin of
4805:
3971:
Reformed Review 59.1 (Autumn 2005): 19–130, 56. Available online at
1956:
1752:
1138:
1072:
981:
838:
822:
280:
4525:
Lesbos, Narcissus, and Paulos: Homosexual Myth and Christian Truth
3302:
Fatal Discord: Erasmus, Luther, and the Fight for the Western Mind
2454:
2336:
2291:
5580:
4784:
The Man Jesus Loved: Homoerotic Narratives From the New Testament
4729:
Homosexuality and Catholicism: A Partially Annotated Bibliography
2131:
2059:
1611:
1508:
1045:
798:
492:
292:
78:
3911:
The secular Bible: why nonbelievers must take religion seriously
2756:"Translations and interpretations of Leviticus 18:22; all views"
1788:
by writers such as Aristides of Athens and Eusebius, and in the
4575:(1st ed.). New York, Boston: Twelve. Hachette Book Group.
2550:
2420:
2269:
2003:
1949:
Matthew. The Commentary of Craig A. Evans states that the word
1751:) clearly not for homosexuality and possibly for prostitution,
1171:
1093:
1068:
1061:
920:
850:
487:
270:
4868:
Homoeroticism in the Biblical World: A Historical Perspective.
4454:. In Drinkwater, Gregg; Lesser, Joshua; Shneer, David (eds.).
946:
And with a male you shall not lie the lying downs of a woman.
5049:
2173:
1928:
1130:
744:
68:
30:
5018:
2262:
Reclaiming the Sacred: The Bible in Gay and Lesbian Culture
1053:
4452:"Sex in the Talmud: How to Understand Leviticus 18 and 20"
1473:
In the context of the broader immorality of his audience,
5005:
Theology and Sexuality: Classic and Contemporary Readings
3351:(New Hyde Park, NY: University Books, 1962), 250; ibid.,
1468:
854:
3477:
Knowing truth, doing good: engaging New Testament ethics
3141:
Reading Ruth: Contemporary Women Reclaim a Sacred Story,
2543:"The Unexpected Actuality: "Deviance" and Transgression"
4949:"Leviticus 18:22 and 20:13: Who Is Doing What To Whom?"
1586:. It has been variously rendered as "sexual perverts" (
1174:. It has also been interpreted by some authors as of a
4903:
God Believes in Love. Straight talk about gay marriage
4395:
The five books of Moses: a translation with commentary
3700:
Some Issues in Human Sexuality: A Guide to the Debate
3184:
3102:
2221:
on behalf of Biblical Theology Bulletin Inc.: 68–87.
1722:
Most scholars hold that Paul had two passages of the
1151:
819:
penetrative vaginal intercourse between men and women
5003:
2002 'The Body's Grace', in Eugene F. Rogers (ed.),
3703:. Church House Publishing. 2003. pp. 137, 139.
2041:
1824:
1814:
1727:
1617:
1591:
1570:
1558:
1526:
1514:
971:
965:
935:
2814:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2400:
1834:, the most widely used collection of canons of the
1637:
3502:
2313:. Columbia Contemporary American Religion Series.
1056:, or have sex with, the angels who retrieved Lot.
4917:Tasting the Dish: Rabbinic Rhetorics of Sexuality
4360:
3677:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 213–214.
3160:Longman III, Tremper; Enns, Peter (6 June 2008).
2298:
1867:
1599:
5647:
4601:. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press
4422:Christianity, Social Tolerance and Homosexuality
4361:Johnson, Luke T.; Harrington, Daniel J. (1992).
3805:Text in the original Greek language, pp. 562–578
2397:
1587:
3159:
1603:
743:in the Hebrew Bible are found primarily in the
4739:What the Bible really says about homosexuality
3279:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. p. 111.
3124:River Jordan: The Mythology of a Dividing Line
2476:
2474:
2472:
1905:Homosexuality in the New Testament § Pais
1495:for them that defile themselves with mankind (
984:). This makes the prohibitions more akin to a
5349:
5034:
4898:. Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance.
4882:Book claims Jesus had homosexual relationship
4337:New Testament Commentary, Volume 6: Acts 1–12
3608:The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
2355:"Getting at the "History behind the History""
1410:
704:
5363:
4932:Homophobia and the Judeo-Christian Tradition
4286:(4 ed.). Beacon Press. pp. 64–65.
4275:
4273:
4151:
4094:The Bible Knowledge Commentary: Matthew-Luke
3907:
2999:. University of Chicago Press. p. 201.
2988:
2986:
2896:. Harvard University Press. pp. 37–39.
2410:
2305:Palmer, Randall; Winner, Lauren F. (2005) .
2304:
2249:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2194:
1116:1:7–8 the Bible says of Sodom and Gomorrah:
3914:. Cambridge University Press. p. 108.
3887:. Fortress Press. pp. 62–65, 106–109.
3324:
3127:. University of Chicago Press. p. 61.
2885:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2469:
1631:
1580:struggled with representing the concept of
741:homosexual individuals and sexual relations
5356:
5342:
5114:
5041:
5027:
4190:
4037:. Stanford University Press. p. 257.
3730:. Cambridge University Press. p. 20.
2643:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 67.
1809:or, in accordance with the older canon of
1679:. Please do not remove this message until
1595:
1417:
1403:
805:have historically affirmed and endorsed a
711:
697:
4333:
4270:
4117:
4056:
4054:
4003:
3670:
3500:
3494:
3120:
2992:
2983:
2417:The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Narrative
2343:
2191:
1699:Learn how and when to remove this message
1594:), "abusers of themselves with mankind" (
1247:History of Christianity and homosexuality
1106:Later traditions on Sodom's sin, such as
4929:
4829:. Robert Brawley, ed. Westminster Press
4086:
4084:
3611:. Vol. Q–Z. Eerdmans. p. 437.
3604:
3509:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
3473:
3376:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3218:Patristic Interpretations of Romans 1:26
3083:
2889:
2876:
2804:
2715:
2713:
2685:
2683:
2255:
1675:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1023:
1001:
731:that have been interpreted as involving
5131:Allegorical interpretation of the Bible
4896:What the Bible says about homosexuality
4857:
4572:God and Sex. What the Bible Really Says
4491:
4449:
4434:
4306:
4279:
4249:
3880:
3643:
3299:
3240:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2820:
2796:
2788:
2784:
2480:
1274:LGBTQ-affirming Christian denominations
1158:David and Jonathan § Homoeroticism
797:and its traditional interpretations in
5648:
4568:
4060:
4051:
3980:
3727:Christian Law: Contemporary Principles
3426:
3391:
3190:
3108:
3061:New York: Vintage, 1994. (pp. 135–137)
3030:
2952:
2855:
2791:, p. 61; {{harvp|Cohen|1990|p=6;
2624:
1877:joined together, let no one separate."
1469:1 Corinthians 6:9–11; 1 Timothy 1:8–11
864:
723:There are a number of passages in the
5337:
5022:
4946:
4813:Queer Commentary and the Hebrew Bible
4645:
4624:
4611:
4537:
4392:
4090:
4081:
4030:
3815:
3764:"Cummings translation, pp. 1678–1697"
3556:"Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott,
3272:
3261:
3231:, vol. 1, Kalamazoo 1985, p. 287-291.
3121:Havrelock, Rachel (27 October 2011).
3037:. Greenwood Publishing. p. 117.
2808:
2800:
2792:
2780:
2719:
2710:
2689:
2680:
2636:
2540:
2437:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199967728.013.39
2349:
2206:
1029:The Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah
991:
970:within the context of Genesis (i.e.,
937:w'eth-zäkhār lö' tiškav miškevē 'iššâ
5623:Religious views on same-sex marriage
4514:Brown, Driver, Briggs and Gesenius.
3842:
3059:Same-sex Unions in Premodern Europe.
2840:
2663:
1898:
1649:
929:
4941:All known references to arsenokoit*
4520:. The Old Testament Hebrew Lexicon.
4468:10.18574/nyu/9780814720127.003.0030
4438:Journal of the History of Sexuality
3723:
3353:The Birth of the Christian Religion
3345:The Recovery of the Historical Paul
3166:. InterVarsity Press. p. 699.
3072:One Hundred Years of Homosexuality.
2918:"Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary"
2692:Journal of the History of Sexuality
2260:. In Frontain, Raymond-Jean (ed.).
1819:in the original – explained in the
1767:Patriarch John IV of Constantinople
1242:Christianity and transgender people
1232:Christianity and sexual orientation
1186:, lecturer on the Old Testament at
1109:Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs
13:
5701:Christianity-related controversies
4450:Brodsky, David (28 October 2009).
4250:DeYoung, James B. (6 April 2024).
3074:New York: Routledge, 1990. (p. 83)
2748:
2002:In Matthew 19:12, Jesus speaks of
1207:Homosexuality in the New Testament
1152:David and Jonathan, Ruth and Naomi
893:, including the following verses:
14:
5712:
5186:Internal consistency of the Bible
4827:Biblical Ethics and Homosexuality
4714:The construction of homosexuality
4697:The Bible and Homosexual Practice
4404:Homosexuality in Orthodox Judaism
4367:. Liturgical Press. p. 155.
4064:The Christ of the Miracle Stories
3981:Ehrman, Bart (15 November 2019).
3724:Doe, Norman (12 September 2013).
3674:The Construction of Homosexuality
3505:The Construction of Homosexuality
2996:The Construction of Homosexuality
1645:
1429:
785:Homosexuality in the Hebrew Bible
749:traditionally attributed to Moses
5691:Homosexuality-related mass media
4815:, Ken Stone, ed. Pilgrim Press.
4256:. Kregel Academic. p. 333.
3846:The Theology of Paul the Apostle
3349:The Origins of the New Testament
2893:Homosexuality & Civilization
2834:"Leviticus 18 Gill's Exposition"
2086:
2072:
2058:
2044:
1997:
1848:Other scholars have interpreted
1654:
1598:), "men who have sex with men" (
1479:First Epistle to the Corinthians
1386:
1200:
1035:The story of the destruction of
680:
37:
5591:LGBT-affirming religious groups
5384:Transgender people and religion
4716:. University of Chicago Press.
4655:Journal of Religion and Society
4424:. University of Chicago Press.
4385:
4354:
4327:
4300:
4243:
4234:
4223:
4184:
4145:
4111:
4067:. Baker Academic. p. 125.
4024:
3997:
3974:
3961:
3950:
3939:
3928:
3901:
3874:
3863:
3836:
3809:
3798:
3780:
3756:
3717:
3691:
3664:
3650:. University of Chicago Press.
3637:
3625:
3598:
3583:
3574:
3548:
3523:
3480:. Fortress Press. p. 252.
3467:
3456:
3445:
3431:. Westminster John Knox Press.
3420:
3385:
3370:
3333:
3318:
3293:
3234:
3207:
3196:
3153:
3114:
3077:
3064:
3051:
3024:
3013:
2946:
2935:
2910:
2826:
2773:
2657:
2618:
2307:"Protestants and Homosexuality"
2256:Frontain, Raymond-Jean (2003).
2166:
2154:
2127:Homosexuality in ancient Greece
1909:Healing the centurion's servant
1602:) or "practicing homosexuals" (
891:prohibited forms of intercourse
778:
676:Outline of Bible-related topics
4957:Journal of Biblical Literature
4891:Chicago Sun-Times 29 May 2003.
4870:Augsburg Fortress Publishers.
4599:Homosexuality and Civilization
4517:Hebrew Lexicon entry for Dabaq
4197:Journal of Biblical Literature
4158:Journal of Biblical Literature
4121:Jesus' Emotions in the Gospels
4097:. David C. Cook. p. 169.
3908:Berlinerblau, Jacques (2005).
3849:. Eerdmans. pp. 121–122.
3605:Bromiley, Geoffrey W. (1995).
2859:HarperCollins Bible Dictionary
2598:
2579:
2534:
2487:Journal of Religion and Health
2112:Christianity and homosexuality
1868:Jesus's discussion of marriage
1736:. However, American historian
1237:Christianity and homosexuality
385:Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia
1:
5661:Judaism-related controversies
5048:
4845:The Church and the Homosexual
4597:Crompton, Louis, et al. 2003
4504:University of Chicago Press.
4283:The Church and the homosexual
4091:Evans, Craig A., ed. (2003).
4004:Helminiak, Daniel A. (2012).
3088:. Continuum. pp. 13–36.
2613:42 other English translations
2593:42 other English translations
2184:
1759:
1745:
1642:means "one who masturbates".
1327:Metropolitan Community Church
1219:Christianity and LGBTQ topics
1142:
1125:dreamers defile the flesh..."
1097:
1096:tradition as written between
512:Historical-grammatical method
4847:. Beacon Press. (4th edn.).
4646:Durns, John Barclay (2002).
4631:. Harvard University Press.
4492:Brooten, Bernadette (1996).
3788:"Canons of the Holy Fathers"
3671:Greenberg, David F. (1990).
2993:Greenberg, David F. (1990).
2563:10.5040/9781474210683.ch-003
1989:
1973:
1967:
1961:
1951:
1941:
1935:
1915:
1856:
1850:
1794:
1784:
1777:
1771:
1756:
1610:
1582:
1565:
1553:
1547:
1541:
1535:
1521:
1507:
1497:
1134:
956:New Revised Standard Version
7:
5696:LGBTQ-related controversies
5681:Bible-related controversies
5141:The Bible and homosexuality
4118:Voorwinde, Stephen (2011).
3361:Paul's Letter to the Romans
3327:Paul's Letter to the Romans
3084:Jennings, Theodore (2005).
2856:Powell, Mark Allan (2011).
2541:Sauer, Michelle M. (2015).
2037:
1681:conditions to do so are met
1638:
1370:LGBTQ Roman Catholic clergy
1279:Blessing of same-sex unions
1252:The Bible and homosexuality
972:
966:
936:
769:male homosexual individuals
10:
5717:
5607:Ordination of LGBT clergy
5379:Homosexuality and religion
4894:Robinson, B. A. 1996–2005
4695:Gagnon, Robert A. J. 2001
4689:Biblical Theology Bulletin
4500:Brooten, Bernadette. 1998
4031:Moore, Stephen D. (2001).
4010:. Routledge. p. 192.
3819:Homosexuality and Religion
3816:Siker, Jeffrey S. (2007).
3381:. Baylor University Press.
3031:Ellins, J. Harold (2006).
2760:www.religioustolerance.org
2640:Homosexuality and Religion
2637:Siker, Jeffrey S. (2007).
2547:Gender in Medieval Culture
2210:Biblical Theology Bulletin
2174:
2122:Homosexuality and religion
2026:
1929:
1902:
1825:
1815:
1728:
1618:
1571:
1559:
1527:
1515:
1204:
1155:
1067:While the Jewish prophets
995:
874:
868:
782:
507:Allegorical interpretation
5563:
5523:
5490:
5464:
5399:
5392:
5371:
5310:
5279:
5271:Witchcraft and divination
5211:
5123:
5112:
5073:
5056:
4767:Issues in Human Sexuality
4682:24 September 2015 at the
4460:New York University Press
4307:McNeill, John J. (2010).
4280:McNeill, John J. (1993).
4124:. Continuum. p. 18.
3983:"Jesus and Homosexuality"
3843:Dunn, James D.G. (2006).
3822:. Greenwood. p. 70.
3501:Greenberg, David (1990).
3406:10.1017/S0028688500020567
3367:45, no. 4 (1999): 533–52.
3300:Massing, Michael (2018).
3276:Paul Letter to the Romans
3247:. NYU Press. p. 58.
2319:Columbia University Press
2117:Homosexuality and Judaism
2022:
1734:male same-sex intercourse
1632:
1490:1 Timothy 1:8–11 states:
1481:, chapter 6 verses 9-11:
821:within the boundaries of
5365:Religion and LGBT people
5096:Historicity of the Bible
4648:"Lot's Wife Looked Back"
4569:Coogan, Michael (2010).
4541:Journal of Homosexuality
4364:The Acts of the Apostles
4334:MacArthur, John (1994).
3379:Reading Romans Backwards
3222:Elizabeth E. Livingstone
2890:Crompton, Louis (2006).
2722:Theology & Sexuality
2664:Wold, Donald J. (1999).
2311:Protestantism in America
2227:10.1177/0146107915577097
2147:
1981:Theodore W. Jennings Jr.
1545:is from the Greek words
1291:Denominational positions
825:over all other forms of
817:, favouring exclusively
733:same-sex sexual activity
397:Novum Testamentum Graece
199:Composition of the Torah
5456:United Church of Christ
5101:Chronology of the Bible
4866:Nissinen, Martti. 1998
4858:Milgrom, Jacob (2000).
4625:Dover, Kenneth (1978).
4253:Homosexuality (DeYoung)
4152:Jennings, Theodore W.;
3881:Scroggs, Robin (1983).
3558:A Greek-English Lexicon
3377:McKnight, Scot (2019).
3325:O'Neill, J. C. (1975).
3146:Biblical Interpretation
2504:10.1023/A:1023621612061
2429:Oxford University Press
1188:Harvard Divinity School
5676:LGBTQ and Christianity
5666:Sexuality in the Bible
5541:Unitarian Universalism
5181:Criticism of the Bible
5176:Muhammad and the Bible
5146:The Bible and violence
4947:Walsh, Jerome (2001).
4938:Townsley, Jeramy 2003
4765:House of Bishops 1991
4741:. Alamo Square Press.
4661:: 1–16. Archived from
4393:Alter, Robert (2004).
4340:. Moody. p. 254.
4313:. Lethe. p. 211.
4061:Cotter, Wendy (2010).
3792:holytrinitymission.org
3644:Boswell, John (1981).
3632:Migne PG 88, col. 1896
3427:Martin, Colby (2016).
3341:Paulines and Pastorals
3339:Percy Neale Harrison,
3241:Hertzog, Mark (1996).
2962:. Peeters Publishers.
2953:Loader, J. A. (1990).
2365:Grand Rapids, Michigan
1885:
1630:", and its derivative
1563:) meaning "male", and
1503:
1488:
1441:
1365:LGBTQ Christian clergy
1127:
1090:
1032:
1021:
1014:from raping the angels
944:
933:
881:Chapters 18 and 20 of
747:(the first five books
660:Criticism of the Bible
403:Documentary hypothesis
5191:Biblical hermeneutics
5151:The Bible and slavery
4915:Satlow, Michael 1995
4901:Robinson, Gene. 2012
4769:. Church of England.
4755:. Westminster Press.
4554:10.1300/J082v19n04_02
4410:8 August 2017 at the
4154:Liew, Tat-Siong Benny
3967:Robert A. J. Gagnon,
3394:New Testament Studies
3365:New Testament Studies
3273:Kruse, Colin (2012).
3214:Bernadette J. Brooten
2734:10.1558/tse.v15i2.231
2274:Harrington Park Press
2142:Women in Christianity
2102:Abomination (Judaism)
2009:Clement of Alexandria
1903:Further information:
1882:Matthew 19:4–6 (NRSV)
1874:
1836:Greek Orthodox Church
1492:
1483:
1446:Clement of Alexandria
1436:
1359:LGBT Christian clergy
1347:Seventh-day Adventist
1118:
1085:
1027:
1005:
827:human sexual activity
739:. The passages about
413:NT textual categories
5229:Crime and punishment
5161:Alcohol in the Bible
5136:The Bible and ethics
4887:3 April 2005 at the
4880:Ostling, R. N. 2003
4753:Jonathan Loved David
4668:on 27 February 2006.
4462:. pp. 157–169.
4193:Tat-Siong Benny Liew
3987:The Bart Ehrman Blog
2787:, p. 339, 343;
2783:, p. 623, 632;
2431:. pp. 456–465.
2321:. pp. 149–178.
1985:Tat-Siong Benny Liew
1965:(slave) in Luke and
360:Internal consistency
266:Samaritan Pentateuch
5166:Ethics in the Bible
5156:The Bible and humor
4710:Greenberg, David F.
4628:Greek Homosexuality
4523:Brunson, Hal. 2007
4034:God's Beauty Parlor
3993:on 21 October 2021.
3776:on 5 November 2013.
3562:. Perseus.tufts.edu
3070:Halperin, David M.
2555:Bloomsbury Academic
2375:. pp. 97–102.
2066:Christianity portal
1889:Robert A. J. Gagnon
1742:Aristides of Athens
1668:of this section is
1214:Part of a series on
1172:affectionate regard
1031:, John Martin, 1852
1018:Heinrich Aldegrever
877:Abomination (Bible)
865:Leviticus 18 and 20
194:New Testament canon
189:Old Testament canon
117:Chapters and verses
5171:Women in the Bible
5106:Biblical authority
5081:Biblical criticism
4919:. Scholars Press.
4796:Johns, Loren 2004
4780:Jennings, Theodore
4751:Horner, Tom. 1978
4699:. Abingdon Press.
4007:Sex and the Sacred
2807:, p. 16; and
2557:. pp. 74–78.
2163:, offered by Olyan
2161:formal equivalence
2137:Sexuality of Jesus
1454:Augustine of Hippo
1297:Anglican Communion
1164:David and Jonathan
1037:Sodom and Gomorrah
1033:
1022:
998:Sodom and Gomorrah
992:Sodom and Gomorrah
859:Sodom and Gomorrah
665:Biblical authority
546:Capital punishment
422:Biblical criticism
391:Rahlfs' Septuagint
95:New Testament (NT)
90:Old Testament (OT)
5656:LGBTQ and Judaism
5643:
5642:
5559:
5558:
5331:
5330:
4987:on 4 January 2007
4911:978-0-307-94809-0
4905:. Vintage Press.
4786:. Pilgrim Press.
4735:Helminiak, Daniel
4582:978-0-446-54525-9
4477:978-0-8147-2012-7
4263:978-0-8254-9588-5
4131:978-0-567-43061-8
4104:978-0-7814-3868-1
4074:978-0-8010-3950-8
4044:978-0-8047-4332-7
4017:978-1-136-57075-9
3957:Matthew 19:4–19:6
3921:978-0-521-85314-9
3894:978-0-8006-1854-4
3870:1 Corinthians 6:9
3856:978-0-8028-4423-1
3829:978-0-313-33088-9
3737:978-1-107-00692-8
3710:978-0-7151-3868-7
3684:978-0-226-30628-5
3657:978-0-226-06711-7
3618:978-0-8028-3784-4
3535:Bible Study Tools
3487:978-0-8006-3846-7
3452:1 Corinthians 6:9
3227:Studia Patristica
3173:978-0-8308-1783-2
3134:978-0-226-31959-9
3006:978-0-226-30628-5
2869:978-0-06-207859-9
2862:. HarperCollins.
2676:on 22 March 2024.
2650:978-0-313-33088-9
2572:978-1-4411-2160-8
2482:Leeming, David A.
2382:978-0-8028-2126-3
2351:Dever, William G.
2276:. pp. 1–24.
2219:SAGE Publications
1921:Liddell and Scott
1899:Matthew 8; Luke 7
1790:Sibylline Oracles
1724:Book of Leviticus
1709:
1708:
1701:
1427:
1426:
1312:Latter-day Saints
1226:Overview articles
1180:Theodore Jennings
952:
951:
885:form part of the
813:approach towards
757:Gospel of Matthew
721:
720:
536:Conspiracy theory
465:
464:
204:Mosaic authorship
5708:
5397:
5396:
5358:
5351:
5344:
5335:
5334:
5196:African American
5118:
5086:Biblical studies
5043:
5036:
5029:
5020:
5019:
4996:
4994:
4992:
4986:
4980:. Archived from
4953:
4935:
4863:
4673:Elliott, John H.
4669:
4667:
4652:
4642:
4621:
4594:
4565:
4497:
4488:
4486:
4484:
4446:
4398:
4379:
4378:
4358:
4352:
4351:
4331:
4325:
4324:
4304:
4298:
4297:
4277:
4268:
4267:
4247:
4241:
4238:
4232:
4227:
4221:
4220:
4209:10.2307/27638351
4188:
4182:
4181:
4149:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4138:
4115:
4109:
4108:
4088:
4079:
4078:
4058:
4049:
4048:
4028:
4022:
4021:
4001:
3995:
3994:
3989:. Archived from
3978:
3972:
3965:
3959:
3954:
3948:
3943:
3937:
3932:
3926:
3925:
3905:
3899:
3898:
3878:
3872:
3867:
3861:
3860:
3840:
3834:
3833:
3813:
3807:
3802:
3796:
3795:
3784:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3769:. Archived from
3768:
3760:
3754:
3753:
3721:
3715:
3714:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3668:
3662:
3661:
3641:
3635:
3629:
3623:
3622:
3602:
3596:
3587:
3581:
3578:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3567:
3560:, entry μαλακός"
3552:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3541:
3527:
3521:
3520:
3508:
3498:
3492:
3491:
3471:
3465:
3460:
3454:
3449:
3443:
3442:
3424:
3418:
3417:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3374:
3368:
3337:
3331:
3330:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3270:
3259:
3258:
3238:
3232:
3211:
3205:
3200:
3194:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3118:
3112:
3106:
3100:
3099:
3081:
3075:
3068:
3062:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3034:Sex in the Bible
3028:
3022:
3017:
3011:
3010:
2990:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2950:
2944:
2942:Ezekiel 16:49–50
2939:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2914:
2908:
2907:
2887:
2874:
2873:
2853:
2838:
2837:
2830:
2824:
2818:
2812:
2799:, p. 1568;
2777:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2717:
2708:
2707:
2687:
2678:
2677:
2672:. Archived from
2661:
2655:
2654:
2622:
2616:
2602:
2596:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2478:
2467:
2466:
2413:Fewell, Danna N.
2408:
2395:
2394:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2264:(2nd ed.).
2253:
2247:
2246:
2204:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2172:Original Greek:
2170:
2164:
2158:
2096:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2082:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2068:
2063:
2062:
2054:
2049:
2048:
2047:
2029:Ethiopian eunuch
1992:
1976:
1970:
1964:
1954:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1918:
1883:
1859:
1853:
1828:
1827:
1818:
1817:
1797:
1787:
1780:
1774:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1750:
1747:
1731:
1730:
1704:
1697:
1693:
1690:
1684:
1658:
1657:
1650:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1590:), "sodomites" (
1589:
1585:
1574:
1573:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1538:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1500:
1475:Paul the Apostle
1419:
1412:
1405:
1393:LGBTQ portal
1391:
1390:
1389:
1307:Eastern Orthodox
1211:
1210:
1147:
1144:
1136:
1102:
1099:
975:
969:
939:
930:
847:non-heterosexual
773:sexual practices
713:
706:
699:
687:Bible portal
685:
684:
683:
408:Synoptic problem
332:
331:
327:Biblical studies
256:Dead Sea scrolls
217:Petrine epistles
212:Pauline epistles
41:
18:
17:
5716:
5715:
5711:
5710:
5709:
5707:
5706:
5705:
5686:Biblical topics
5646:
5645:
5644:
5639:
5555:
5531:Modern paganism
5519:
5486:
5465:Other Abrahamic
5460:
5444:Catholic Church
5388:
5367:
5362:
5332:
5327:
5306:
5280:Christian Bible
5275:
5207:
5119:
5110:
5069:
5052:
5047:
5017:
5001:Williams, Rowan
4990:
4988:
4984:
4970:10.2307/3268292
4951:
4889:Wayback Machine
4860:Leviticus 17–22
4726:Halsall, Paul.
4684:Wayback Machine
4665:
4650:
4639:
4583:
4482:
4480:
4478:
4412:Wayback Machine
4401:Amsel, Nachum.
4388:
4383:
4382:
4375:
4359:
4355:
4348:
4332:
4328:
4321:
4305:
4301:
4294:
4278:
4271:
4264:
4248:
4244:
4239:
4235:
4228:
4224:
4189:
4185:
4170:10.2307/3268043
4150:
4146:
4136:
4134:
4132:
4116:
4112:
4105:
4089:
4082:
4075:
4059:
4052:
4045:
4029:
4025:
4018:
4002:
3998:
3979:
3975:
3966:
3962:
3955:
3951:
3944:
3940:
3933:
3929:
3922:
3906:
3902:
3895:
3879:
3875:
3868:
3864:
3857:
3841:
3837:
3830:
3814:
3810:
3803:
3799:
3786:
3785:
3781:
3773:
3766:
3762:
3761:
3757:
3738:
3722:
3718:
3711:
3697:
3696:
3692:
3685:
3669:
3665:
3658:
3642:
3638:
3630:
3626:
3619:
3603:
3599:
3594:Leviticus 20:13
3590:Leviticus 18:22
3588:
3584:
3579:
3575:
3565:
3563:
3554:
3553:
3549:
3539:
3537:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3517:
3499:
3495:
3488:
3472:
3468:
3461:
3457:
3450:
3446:
3439:
3425:
3421:
3390:
3386:
3375:
3371:
3338:
3334:
3323:
3319:
3312:
3298:
3294:
3287:
3271:
3262:
3255:
3239:
3235:
3212:
3208:
3201:
3197:
3189:
3185:
3174:
3158:
3154:
3148:16 (2008): 474.
3135:
3119:
3115:
3107:
3103:
3096:
3082:
3078:
3069:
3065:
3057:Boswell, John.
3056:
3052:
3045:
3029:
3025:
3018:
3014:
3007:
2991:
2984:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2951:
2947:
2940:
2936:
2926:
2924:
2922:Merriam-Webster
2916:
2915:
2911:
2904:
2888:
2877:
2870:
2854:
2841:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2819:
2815:
2805:Thurston (1990)
2803:, p. 185;
2795:, p. 447;
2778:
2774:
2764:
2762:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2718:
2711:
2688:
2681:
2670:Denver Seminary
2662:
2658:
2651:
2623:
2619:
2605:Leviticus 20:13
2603:
2599:
2586:Leviticus 18:22
2584:
2580:
2573:
2539:
2535:
2496:Springer Verlag
2479:
2470:
2447:
2409:
2398:
2383:
2373:Wm. B. Eerdmans
2369:Cambridge, U.K.
2348:
2344:
2329:
2303:
2299:
2284:
2254:
2250:
2205:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2181:
2171:
2167:
2159:
2155:
2150:
2092:
2087:
2085:
2078:
2073:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2050:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2031:
2025:
2017:John J. McNeill
2000:
1911:
1901:
1884:
1881:
1870:
1816:ἀρρενομανήσαντα
1811:Basil the Great
1762:
1748:
1705:
1694:
1688:
1685:
1674:
1659:
1655:
1648:
1471:
1450:John Chrysostom
1432:
1423:
1387:
1385:
1380:
1379:
1360:
1352:
1351:
1292:
1284:
1283:
1227:
1209:
1203:
1168:Books of Samuel
1162:The account of
1160:
1154:
1145:
1100:
1000:
994:
948:
941:
879:
873:
867:
843:non-penetrative
815:human sexuality
811:heteronormative
787:
781:
751:). The book of
717:
681:
679:
678:
670:
669:
656:
642:
620:
612:
611:
610:
526:
502:
475:
467:
466:
461:
380:
364:
353:
329:
319:
318:
317:
250:
249:
230:
229:
225:Johannine works
221:
185:
165:
164:
161:and development
148:
147:
146:
113:
99:
85:
58:
57:
12:
11:
5:
5714:
5704:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5641:
5640:
5638:
5637:
5636:
5635:
5630:
5620:
5619:
5618:
5613:
5605:
5604:
5603:
5598:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5567:
5565:
5561:
5560:
5557:
5556:
5554:
5553:
5551:Zoroastrianism
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5527:
5525:
5521:
5520:
5518:
5517:
5512:
5511:
5510:
5500:
5494:
5492:
5488:
5487:
5485:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5468:
5466:
5462:
5461:
5459:
5458:
5453:
5452:
5451:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5405:
5403:
5394:
5390:
5389:
5387:
5386:
5381:
5375:
5373:
5369:
5368:
5361:
5360:
5353:
5346:
5338:
5329:
5328:
5311:
5308:
5307:
5305:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5283:
5281:
5277:
5276:
5274:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5237:
5236:
5234:Capital crimes
5226:
5221:
5215:
5213:
5209:
5208:
5206:
5205:
5204:
5203:
5201:Asian American
5198:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5127:
5125:
5121:
5120:
5113:
5111:
5109:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5091:Biblical canon
5088:
5083:
5077:
5075:
5071:
5070:
5057:
5054:
5053:
5046:
5045:
5038:
5031:
5023:
5016:
5015:
4998:
4997:Also available
4964:(2): 201–209.
4944:
4936:
4927:
4913:
4899:
4892:
4878:
4864:
4855:
4841:McNeill, J. J.
4838:
4823:
4809:
4794:
4777:
4763:
4749:
4732:
4724:
4707:
4693:
4692:, Spring 2004.
4670:
4643:
4637:
4622:
4609:
4595:
4581:
4566:
4535:
4521:
4512:
4498:
4489:
4476:
4456:Torah Queeries
4447:
4432:
4415:
4399:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4373:
4353:
4346:
4326:
4319:
4299:
4292:
4269:
4262:
4242:
4233:
4222:
4203:(1): 140–142.
4183:
4164:(3): 467–494.
4144:
4130:
4110:
4103:
4080:
4073:
4050:
4043:
4023:
4016:
3996:
3973:
3960:
3949:
3938:
3927:
3920:
3900:
3893:
3873:
3862:
3855:
3835:
3828:
3808:
3797:
3779:
3755:
3736:
3716:
3709:
3690:
3683:
3663:
3656:
3636:
3624:
3617:
3597:
3582:
3573:
3547:
3522:
3515:
3493:
3486:
3466:
3463:1 Timothy 1:10
3455:
3444:
3437:
3419:
3384:
3369:
3332:
3317:
3310:
3292:
3285:
3260:
3253:
3233:
3206:
3203:Romans 1:26–27
3195:
3193:, p. 135.
3183:
3172:
3152:
3133:
3113:
3111:, p. 121.
3101:
3094:
3076:
3063:
3050:
3043:
3023:
3012:
3005:
2982:
2968:
2945:
2934:
2909:
2902:
2875:
2868:
2839:
2825:
2821:Brodsky (2009)
2813:
2811:, p. 208.
2797:Milgrom (2000)
2789:Brooten (1996)
2785:Boyarin (1995)
2772:
2747:
2728:(2): 231–250.
2709:
2698:(2): 179–206.
2679:
2656:
2649:
2617:
2597:
2578:
2571:
2533:
2468:
2445:
2396:
2381:
2342:
2327:
2297:
2282:
2258:"Introduction"
2248:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2165:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2083:
2080:Judaism portal
2069:
2055:
2039:
2036:
2027:Main article:
2024:
2021:
1999:
1996:
1900:
1897:
1879:
1869:
1866:
1707:
1706:
1662:
1660:
1653:
1647:
1646:Interpretation
1644:
1470:
1467:
1431:
1430:Romans 1:26–27
1428:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1414:
1407:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1342:Roman Catholic
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1269:Queer theology
1266:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1215:
1205:Main article:
1202:
1199:
1195:Ruth and Naomi
1184:Michael Coogan
1156:Main article:
1153:
1150:
1101: 370–500
996:Main article:
993:
990:
950:
949:
942:
902:
901:
898:
869:Main article:
866:
863:
783:Main article:
780:
777:
761:Gospel of Luke
719:
718:
716:
715:
708:
701:
693:
690:
689:
672:
671:
668:
667:
662:
655:
654:
649:
643:
641:
640:
639:
638:
628:
622:
621:
618:
617:
614:
613:
609:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
527:
525:
524:
519:
514:
509:
503:
501:
500:
495:
490:
484:
483:
482:
476:
474:Interpretation
473:
472:
469:
468:
463:
462:
460:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
428:
425:
424:
418:
417:
416:
415:
410:
405:
400:
393:
388:
379:
378:
373:
368:
362:
357:
351:
346:
341:
335:
330:
325:
324:
321:
320:
316:
315:
310:
308:English Bibles
305:
300:
295:
290:
283:
278:
273:
268:
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261:Masoretic Text
258:
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137:
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121:
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81:
76:
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60:
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48:
47:
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43:
42:
34:
33:
27:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5713:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5671:Religious law
5669:
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5564:Related pages
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5246:Homosexuality
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5067:New Testament
5064:
5063:Old Testament
5060:
5055:
5051:
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5039:
5037:
5032:
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5025:
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5021:
5014:
5013:0-631-21277-9
5010:
5007:, Blackwell.
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4722:0-226-30628-3
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3095:9780826417121
3091:
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3044:0-275-98767-1
3040:
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2998:
2997:
2989:
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2971:
2969:9789024253333
2965:
2961:
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2957:
2956:J.A. Loader,
2949:
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2629:Holiness Code
2626:
2621:
2615:of the verse.
2614:
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2609:Bible Gateway
2606:
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2595:of the verse.
2594:
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2283:9781560233558
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2067:
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2020:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2005:
1998:Matthew 19:12
1995:
1991:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1969:
1963:
1958:
1953:
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1716:Gene Robinson
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1477:wrote in the
1476:
1466:
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1463:interpolation
1458:
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1295:
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1262:New Testament
1260:
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1235:
1233:
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1222:
1218:
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1213:
1212:
1208:
1201:New Testament
1198:
1196:
1193:The story of
1191:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1178:. Theologian
1177:
1176:sexual nature
1173:
1169:
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916:
914:
911:
907:
906:Holiness code
899:
896:
895:
894:
892:
888:
887:Holiness code
884:
878:
872:
862:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
831:autoeroticism
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
795:Old Testament
792:
786:
776:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
737:relationships
734:
730:
729:New Testament
726:
714:
709:
707:
702:
700:
695:
694:
692:
691:
688:
677:
674:
673:
666:
663:
661:
658:
657:
653:
652:Infallibility
650:
648:
645:
644:
637:
634:
633:
632:
629:
627:
624:
623:
616:
615:
607:
604:
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587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
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572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
551:Homosexuality
549:
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539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
528:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
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458:
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389:
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386:
382:
381:
377:
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369:
367:
363:
361:
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352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
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334:
333:
328:
323:
322:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
288:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
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253:
246:
242:
239:
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234:
233:
226:
223:
222:
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210:
209:
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172:
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141:
138:
136:
133:
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128:
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118:
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110:
107:
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101:
96:
93:
91:
88:
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62:
61:
53:
50:
49:
45:
44:
40:
36:
35:
32:
29:
28:
24:
20:
19:
16:
5633:Christianity
5616:Christianity
5601:Christianity
5585:
5508:Hare Krishna
5472:Bahá'í Faith
5449:Pope Francis
5434:Presbyterian
5401:Christianity
5219:Commentaries
5212:Hebrew Bible
5140:
5059:Hebrew Bible
5004:
4989:. Retrieved
4982:the original
4961:
4955:
4939:
4931:
4916:
4902:
4867:
4859:
4844:
4826:
4812:
4783:
4766:
4752:
4738:
4728:
4713:
4696:
4687:
4663:the original
4658:
4654:
4627:
4617:
4613:
4598:
4571:
4545:
4539:
4524:
4515:
4501:
4493:
4481:. Retrieved
4455:
4442:
4436:
4421:
4403:
4394:
4386:Bibliography
4363:
4356:
4336:
4329:
4309:
4302:
4282:
4252:
4245:
4236:
4225:
4200:
4196:
4186:
4161:
4157:
4147:
4135:. Retrieved
4120:
4113:
4093:
4063:
4033:
4026:
4006:
3999:
3991:the original
3986:
3976:
3963:
3952:
3946:Genesis 2:24
3941:
3935:Genesis 1:27
3930:
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