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given to the ladies and door prizes went to the three people wearing the most unusual costumes symbolic of the frogs. With great success in the early years of the event, “The Frolic of the Frogs” was able to tour their event in cities such as
Philadelphia, Richmond, Baltimore and Washington D.C. Popularity in the frolic was found among both Blacks and whites.
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Several years into the establishment of The Frogs, they became known for their big event “The Frolic of the Frogs” or “The Frogs Frolic” every August at the
Manhattan Casino at 155th Street and Eighth Avenue. For 50 cents, people enjoyed a combination ball, party and vaudeville show where favors were
252:
On July 18, 1908, at Walker’s Harlem home at 52 West 153rd Street, eleven of the most prominent names in the industry established the
African American theatrical organization. They held official elections for the positions of president, vice president, secretary and treasurer, as well as established
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In the later years of The Frogs, a clubhouse for the organization was established in Harlem at 111 West 32nd Street. With a strong and variable professional reputation, the organization expanded its member base beyond the walls of actors and performers, bringing in members from professional and
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modeled on The
American Actors Beneficial Association. The Frogs' mission was to build a best-in-class professional organization for Black theater professionals and those in arts-driven professions that rivaled the American Actors Benevolent Association, which did not permit Black membership.
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For performers in the early 1900s, it was apparent that white management ran their shows with a firm grip, allowing for very little advancement of colored actors and performers. Although unions were often negatively perceived in labor professions, it was understood that such professional
232:
His original startup group, The
Colored Vaudeville Benevolent Association, received negative reactions from white producers. The concept of the colored man supporting himself through performance and no longer just “taking what they were given” posed a threat to the white
241:, a group of white actors and performers who started a performers club in the same vision as Walker, heavily oppressed the Black community in terms of equality for white productions versus African American productions — and spurred Walker to create the Frogs
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stepped up as the second president of The Frogs, with the anticipation of Walker’s passing in 1911. With the success of the organization in its early years, the organization continued to flourish well into the 1920s.
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plans to better the professional standings of the
African American man. The Frogs remained a professional club for quite some time, including lawyers and doctors in their mix of members.
229:, wanted to build a fully funded, fully supported all-Black network, a functional counterpart to the white theatrical clubs and organizations that were forming during the early 1900s.
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In addition to “The Frolic of the Frogs,” The Frogs were known for their charity work, donating to several charitable organizations. They were also highly regarded and admired in
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To create an all-Black professional support network in the theater arts and to establish an archival collection of theatrical material
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business backgrounds, continuing to prosper in the success of establishing a highly regarded organization for colored men.
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Will (William) H. Dixon (The
Original Dancing Conductor), Musician, bandleader, composer, singer/songwriter, playwright
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organizations could be seen as beneficial to performers, both Black and white.
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Vaudeville, Old and New: An
Encyclopedia of Variety Performers in America
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Cullen, Frank; Hackman, Florence; McNeilly, Donald (2006). "Frogs Club".
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Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH)
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324:(professional singer, songwriter, and partner of J Rosamond Johnson)
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National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
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Staging Race: Black Performers in Turn of the Century America
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Spreadin' Rhythm Around: Black Popular Songwriters, 1880-1930
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305:(original Treasurer, professional performer and librettist)
507:. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. pp. 202–205.
478:
Bert Williams: A Biography of the Pioneer Black Comedian
421:
348:
Sam Corker, Jr. (business manager and advance agent)
318:(professional comedian and partner of George Walker)
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1677:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
379:. Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture
299:(original Vice President, professional composer)
1722:Black players in professional American football
1672:Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
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2607:Theatrical organizations in the United States
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312:” (original Secretary, professional lyricist)
107:The Colored Vaudeville Benevolent Association
1435:Historically black colleges and universities
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203:The name “The Frogs” originated from one of
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1652:National Black Chamber of Commerce (NBCC)
480:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. p. 106.
66:Learn how and when to remove this message
243:
207:and the comedy by Aristophanes entitled
167:111 West 32nd Street, New York, New York
123:52 West 153rd Street, New York, New York
29:This article includes a list of general
330:(professional critic and actor’s agent)
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2551:Topics related to the African diaspora
1657:National Council of Negro Women (NCNW)
2531:Landmark African-American legislation
582:
556:
475:
449:Jasen, David A.; Jones, Gene (1998).
90:The 11 founding members of the Frogs.
2597:1908 establishments in New York City
1662:National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC)
426:. New York: Routledge. p. 421.
373:"The Frogs Club, artists with style"
367:
365:
15:
2016:African-American Vernacular English
284:
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1934:U.S. cities with large populations
1637:Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
190:was a charitable organization for
35:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
2618:
2602:Organizations established in 1908
807:Inauguration of Barack Obama 2013
803:Inauguration of Barack Obama 2009
610:African American founding fathers
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1687:United Negro College Fund (UNCF)
832:Nadir of American race relations
548:African American musical theater
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693:Civil rights movement 1954–1968
683:Civil rights movement 1865–1896
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345:Tom Brown (professional dancer)
1682:Thurgood Marshall College Fund
688:Civil right movement 1896–1954
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1862:Cherokee freedmen controversy
838:The Negro Motorist Green Book
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293:(original founder, President)
503:Sotiropoulos, Karen (2009).
256:
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1732:Black players in ice hockey
1667:National Urban League (NUL)
1493:American Society of Muslims
731:Selma to Montgomery marches
651:Brown v. Board of Education
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476:Smith, Eric Ledell (1992).
416:The New York Public Library
217:George Walker and The Frogs
198:
10:
2623:
1889:Great Dismal Swamp maroons
1647:Nashville Student Movement
658:Children of the plantation
237:and theatrical community.
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2526:Index of related articles
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1615:
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1527:Doctrine of Father Divine
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671:Voting Rights Act of 1965
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377:African American Registry
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736:Chicago Freedom Movement
2499:African-American firsts
1548:Back-to-Africa movement
1517:Black Hebrew Israelites
1297:Adam Clayton Powell Jr.
845:Partus sequitur ventrem
342:(professional lyricist)
50:more precise citations.
2467:Spingarn Medal winners
1956:States and territories
1727:Black NFL quarterbacks
1227:Martin Luther King Jr.
759:Dred Scott v. Sandford
698:Montgomery bus boycott
453:. New York: Schirmer.
249:
139:Benevolent Association
1777:Athletic associations
1712:Negro league baseball
1483:African-American Jews
1202:Ketanji Brown Jackson
1167:Henry Highland Garnet
1026:Negro National Anthem
776:George Floyd protests
741:Post–civil rights era
513:10.4159/9780674043879
247:
1984:Afro-Seminole Creole
1510:Azusa Street Revival
1382:Booker T. Washington
906:Underground Railroad
771:Free people of color
625:Atlantic slave trade
2379:Trinidad and Tobago
1994:Black American Sign
1821:By African descent
1815:Ethnic subdivisions
1802:Southwestern (SWAC)
1717:Baseball color line
1632:Black Panther Party
1536:Political movements
1453:in computer science
1112:Carol Moseley Braun
901:Tulsa race massacre
894:Treatment of slaves
726:March on Washington
721:Birmingham movement
400:, pp. 202–205.
308:R.C. McPherson or “
297:J. Rosamond Johnson
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2477:US representatives
2472:US cabinet members
2364:Dominican Republic
1951:Metropolitan areas
1792:Mid-Eastern (MEAC)
1617:Civic and economic
1595:Self-determination
1416:Education, science
1337:Fred Shuttlesworth
1317:A. Philip Randolph
1222:Coretta Scott King
1147:Frederick Douglass
974:Harlem Renaissance
879:Separate but equal
869:Reconstruction era
857:Plessy v. Ferguson
748:Cornerstone Speech
662:Civil Rights Acts
645:Black Lives Matter
620:American Civil War
334:James Reese Europe
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155:New York, New York
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2412:African Americans
2284:Dallas–Fort Worth
1879:Black Southerners
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1262:Thurgood Marshall
1232:Bernard Lafayette
827:Million Man March
584:African Americans
522:978-0-674-04387-9
487:978-0-89950-695-1
460:978-0-02-864742-5
433:978-0-415-93853-2
398:Sotiropoulos 2009
192:African Americans
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1182:Fannie Lou Hamer
1152:W. E. B. Du Bois
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316:Bert Williams
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291:George Walker
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278:Bert Williams
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181:George Walker
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99:Aesops Fables
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56:December 2016
49:
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27:
18:
17:
2462:Sportspeople
2432:Billionaires
2349:Sierra Leone
2252:Philadelphia
2088:Jacksonville
1915:Demographics
1747:Jack Johnson
1737:Muhammad Ali
1570:Conservatism
1505:Black church
1402:Andrew Young
1387:Ida B. Wells
1377:David Walker
1372:C. T. Vivian
1327:Paul Robeson
1322:Hiram Revels
1302:Colin Powell
1282:Barack Obama
1237:James Lawson
1192:Jimi Hendrix
1162:James Farmer
1157:Medgar Evers
1127:Ralph Bunche
1077:Maya Angelou
1051:Middle class
929:Afrofuturism
855:
843:
836:
757:
702:
649:
615:Afrocentrism
605:Abolitionism
504:
477:
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423:
415:
408:Bibliography
393:
381:. Retrieved
376:
336:(bandleader)
275:
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235:vaudevillian
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187:
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152:Headquarters
62:
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34:
2482:US senators
2452:Republicans
2437:Journalists
2294:San Antonio
2259:Puerto Rico
2200:Mississippi
2093:Tallahassee
2066:Los Angeles
1757:Jesse Owens
1742:Arthur Ashe
1600:Nationalism
1590:Raised fist
1553:Black power
1458:in medicine
1392:Roy Wilkins
1347:Emmett Till
1332:Al Sharpton
1097:Julian Bond
1092:James Bevel
1056:Upper class
1046:Stereotypes
939:Black mecca
851:Plantations
630:Black Codes
340:Alex Rogers
303:Jesse Shipp
104:Predecessor
96:Named after
48:introducing
2591:Categories
2427:Astronauts
2217:New Jersey
2061:California
1565:Capitalism
1362:Nat Turner
1292:Rosa Parks
1277:Diane Nash
1247:John Lewis
1036:Newspapers
1006:Literature
991:Juneteenth
944:Businesses
798:Exodusters
766:Free Negro
531:1241860450
356:References
310:Cecil Mack
120:Founded at
31:references
2541:Monuments
2417:Activists
2269:Tennessee
2189:Michigan
2173:Baltimore
2163:Louisiana
2156:Lexington
2139:Davenport
2078:Cleveland
1977:Languages
1906:Melungeon
1884:Blaxicans
1752:Joe Louis
1607:Socialism
1543:Anarchism
1272:Bob Moses
1257:Malcolm X
1177:Fred Gray
1041:Soul food
979:New Negro
964:Folktales
874:Redlining
383:3 October
276:In 1910,
257:Influence
210:The Frogs
188:The Frogs
177:President
128:Dissolved
112:Formation
79:The Frogs
2564:Category
2355:America
2321:Diaspora
2306:Virginia
2239:Oklahoma
2222:New York
2205:Nebraska
2168:Maryland
2151:Kentucky
2117:Illinois
2056:Arkansas
1961:Illinois
1899:of color
1585:Populism
1558:Movement
1475:Religion
817:Lynching
600:Timeline
542:See also
496:24910154
469:38216305
442:62430748
322:Bob Cole
199:The name
160:Location
2492:Writers
2457:Singers
2442:Jurists
2390:Europe
2344:Liberia
2289:Houston
2193:Detroit
2129:Indiana
2122:Chicago
2105:Atlanta
2100:Georgia
2083:Florida
2051:Alabama
2001:English
1575:Leftism
1445:Museums
996:Kwanzaa
921:Culture
889:Slavery
592:History
144:Purpose
44:improve
2504:Mayors
2422:Actors
2394:France
2386:Israel
2374:Mexico
2359:Canada
2334:Gambia
2329:Africa
2279:Austin
2244:Oregon
2183:Boston
2146:Kansas
2112:Hawaii
2030:Gullah
1840:Yoruba
1830:Gullah
1701:Sports
1619:groups
1449:Women
986:Hoodoo
860:(1896)
786:Second
762:(1857)
707:(1956)
654:(1954)
529:
519:
494:
484:
467:
457:
440:
430:
267:Harlem
33:, but
2405:Lists
2369:Haiti
2339:Ghana
2274:Texas
2210:Omaha
1488:Islam
1021:Names
1011:Music
949:Dance
131:1920s
2301:Utah
2134:Iowa
1966:Ohio
1927:list
1835:Igbo
1825:Fula
969:Hair
959:Film
676:1968
666:1964
527:OCLC
517:ISBN
492:OCLC
482:ISBN
465:OCLC
455:ISBN
438:OCLC
428:ISBN
385:2016
136:Type
115:1908
934:Art
791:New
509:doi
2593::
805:/
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375:.
364:^
576:e
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511::
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444:.
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63:(
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54:(
40:.
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