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The Fruits of Enlightenment

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26: 1173: 146:, this version, first performed on 30 December 1889, deliberately reflected the contemporaneous realities of Yasnaya Polyana and the neighboring country estates, even using the real names of Tula gentry for the stage characters (these names were replaced with purely fictitious ones later). The first performance washed out the border between imaginary characters and the real personalities playing them, removing the 202:. The show was a success and premiered in Moscow's Maly Theatre in December 1891. Tolstoy attended Maly Theatre production in January 1892 and left dissatisfied with the artists' rendition of the three peasants. The play has remained in Russian and Soviet theatre repertory ever since. 197:
in September 1891. The leading role of Zvezdintsev was offered to Vladimir Davydov, who declined the honour and chose the lesser role of third peasant; the second peasant wore makeup to resemble Leo Tolstoy himself, and the first peasant's makeup was designed by
138:. Tolstoy initially resisted but quickly took the lead in directing the amateur actors; the cast included four of his children, two nieces, a court prosecutor from Tula, and a judge from 150:
between actors and the audience; it has never been reproduced in this form. The audience received the play well, and it was reproduced by Tula amateurs, including
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but it was incomplete. Three years later, his children and wife persuaded him to complete the manuscript sufficiently for a house performance in
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In 1891, Konstantin Stanislavski directed the first public performance in Moscow for his
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as Zvezdintsev in The Moscow Society of Art and Literature's production in 1891.
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satirizing the persistence of unenlightened attitudes towards the
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Tolstoy created the first draft of the play in 1886, along with
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The Triumph of the Farmer or Industry and Parasitism
95:(1889–90, pub. 1891) is a play by Russian writer 1189: 173:Society of Art and Literature in its theatre on 326: 971:Posthumous Notes of the Hermit Fëdor Kuzmich 111:achieved success directing the play for his 333: 319: 24: 1053:Lev Tolstoy and the Russia of Nicholas II 142:. According to the author's eldest son, 296: 261:Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1190: 485:Walk in the Light While There is Light 314: 287: 89: 13: 565:Recollections of a Billiard-marker 14: 1224: 162:and independent theatre director 1172: 1171: 913:The Kingdom of God Is Within You 830:The Light Shines in the Darkness 276:London and Boston: Faber, 1986. 340: 259:The Cambridge Guide to Theatre. 747:A Dialogue Among Clever People 698:How Much Land Does a Man Need? 670:Evil Allures, But Good Endures 238: 229: 220: 211: 1: 1208:Plays set in the 19th century 733:The Two Brothers and the Gold 607:God Sees the Truth, But Waits 205: 164:Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko 113:Society of Art and Literature 1045:Departure of a Grand Old Man 614:The Prisoner of the Caucasus 7: 838:The Fruits of Enlightenment 85:The Fruits of Enlightenment 19:The Fruits of Enlightenment 10: 1229: 257:Banham, Martin, ed. 1998. 250: 177:. This production starred 118: 52:30 December 1889 1167: 1128: 1100: 1021: 980: 954: 936:The Inevitable Revolution 864: 805: 775:Work, Death, and Sickness 754:The Coffee-House of Surat 551:The Cutting of the Forest 535: 436: 361: 348: 272:Magarshack, David. 1950. 226:Magarshack (1950, 78–79). 71: 63: 48: 38: 23: 18: 1082:Story of One Appointment 477:The Death of Ivan Ilyich 1149:Aylmer and Louise Maude 301:Fruits of Enlightenment 297:Rybkova, Yulia (1982). 185:(Stanislavski's wife), 109:Konstantin Stanislavski 31:Konstantin Stanislavski 1154:Translators of Tolstoy 873:A History of Yesterday 179:Vera Komissarzhevskaya 134:, Tolstoy's home near 814:The Power of Darkness 656:Where Love Is, God Is 445:A Landowner's Morning 274:Stanislavsky: A Life. 195:Alexandrinsky Theatre 126:The Power of Darkness 1198:Plays by Leo Tolstoy 944:A Calendar of Wisdom 217:Banham (1998, 1116). 103:amongst the Russian 1213:Plays set in Russia 1039:Christian anarchism 929:A Letter to a Hindu 905:What Is to Be Done? 889:The Gospel in Brief 854:The Cause of It All 822:The First Distiller 649:An Old Acquaintance 558:Sevastopol Sketches 493:The Kreutzer Sonata 1113:Tolstoj quadrangle 1056:(1928 documentary) 1034:Tolstoyan movement 740:A Lost Opportunity 677:Wisdom of Children 635:Diary of a Lunatic 600:The Porcelain Doll 105:landed aristocracy 93:Fruits of Culture, 1185: 1184: 1144:Vladimir Chertkov 846:The Living Corpse 691:Promoting a Devil 684:The Three Hermits 525:The Forged Coupon 299:"Comments to the 288:Gritsenko, I. P. 244:Rybkova, 495–496. 81: 80: 64:Original language 1220: 1175: 1174: 1159:Tolstoy scholars 1069:The Last Station 719:Croesus and Fate 642:Quench the Spark 628:What Men Live By 461:Family Happiness 335: 328: 321: 312: 311: 306: 293: 245: 242: 236: 233: 227: 224: 218: 215: 191:Saint Petersburg 175:Tverskaya Street 160:Alexander Yuzhin 152:Tatyana Tolstaya 91: 59: 57: 28: 16: 15: 1228: 1227: 1223: 1222: 1221: 1219: 1218: 1217: 1188: 1187: 1186: 1181: 1163: 1124: 1096: 1029:Yasnaya Polyana 1022:Life and legacy 1017: 976: 963:The Decembrists 950: 860: 801: 789:Alyosha the Pot 782:Three Questions 531: 432: 357: 344: 339: 309: 253: 248: 243: 239: 234: 230: 225: 221: 216: 212: 208: 132:Yasnaya Polyana 121: 55: 53: 34: 12: 11: 5: 1226: 1216: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1200: 1183: 1182: 1180: 1179: 1168: 1165: 1164: 1162: 1161: 1156: 1151: 1146: 1141: 1132: 1130: 1126: 1125: 1123: 1122: 1121: 1120: 1110: 1104: 1102: 1098: 1097: 1095: 1094: 1086: 1078: 1073: 1065: 1057: 1049: 1041: 1036: 1031: 1025: 1023: 1019: 1018: 1016: 1015: 1009: 1003: 997: 991: 984: 982: 978: 977: 975: 974: 967: 958: 956: 952: 951: 949: 948: 940: 932: 925: 917: 909: 901: 897:What I Believe 893: 885: 877: 868: 866: 862: 861: 859: 858: 850: 842: 834: 826: 818: 809: 807: 803: 802: 800: 799: 796:After the Ball 792: 785: 778: 771: 764: 761:The Young Tsar 757: 750: 743: 736: 729: 722: 715: 708: 701: 694: 687: 680: 673: 666: 659: 652: 645: 638: 631: 624: 617: 610: 603: 596: 589: 582: 575: 568: 561: 554: 547: 539: 537: 533: 532: 530: 529: 521: 517:Father Sergius 513: 509:Master and Man 505: 497: 489: 481: 473: 465: 457: 449: 440: 438: 434: 433: 431: 430: 422: 414: 406: 398: 390: 382: 374: 365: 363: 359: 358: 356: 355: 349: 346: 345: 338: 337: 330: 323: 315: 308: 307: 294: 285: 270: 254: 252: 249: 247: 246: 237: 228: 219: 209: 207: 204: 187:Vasily Luzhsky 144:Sergei Tolstoy 120: 117: 79: 78: 73: 69: 68: 65: 61: 60: 50: 49:Date premiered 46: 45: 40: 36: 35: 29: 21: 20: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1225: 1214: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1204: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1195: 1193: 1178: 1170: 1169: 1166: 1160: 1157: 1155: 1152: 1150: 1147: 1145: 1142: 1139: 1138: 1134: 1133: 1131: 1127: 1119: 1116: 1115: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1105: 1103: 1099: 1092: 1091: 1087: 1084: 1083: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1071: 1070: 1066: 1063: 1062: 1058: 1055: 1054: 1050: 1047: 1046: 1042: 1040: 1037: 1035: 1032: 1030: 1027: 1026: 1024: 1020: 1013: 1010: 1007: 1004: 1001: 998: 995: 992: 989: 986: 985: 983: 979: 972: 968: 965: 964: 960: 959: 957: 953: 946: 945: 941: 938: 937: 933: 930: 926: 923: 922: 918: 915: 914: 910: 907: 906: 902: 899: 898: 894: 891: 890: 886: 883: 882: 878: 875: 874: 870: 869: 867: 863: 856: 855: 851: 848: 847: 843: 840: 839: 835: 832: 831: 827: 824: 823: 819: 816: 815: 811: 810: 808: 804: 797: 793: 790: 786: 783: 779: 776: 772: 769: 765: 762: 758: 755: 751: 748: 744: 741: 737: 734: 730: 727: 723: 720: 716: 713: 709: 706: 702: 699: 695: 692: 688: 685: 681: 678: 674: 671: 667: 664: 663:Ivan the Fool 660: 657: 653: 650: 646: 643: 639: 636: 632: 629: 625: 622: 621:The Bear Hunt 618: 615: 611: 608: 604: 601: 597: 594: 590: 587: 583: 580: 576: 573: 572:The Snowstorm 569: 566: 562: 559: 555: 552: 548: 545: 541: 540: 538: 536:Short stories 534: 527: 526: 522: 519: 518: 514: 511: 510: 506: 503: 502: 498: 495: 494: 490: 487: 486: 482: 479: 478: 474: 471: 470: 466: 463: 462: 458: 455: 454: 450: 447: 446: 442: 441: 439: 435: 428: 427: 423: 420: 419: 415: 412: 411: 410:Anna Karenina 407: 404: 403: 402:War and Peace 399: 396: 395: 391: 388: 387: 383: 380: 379: 375: 372: 371: 367: 366: 364: 360: 354: 351: 350: 347: 343: 336: 331: 329: 324: 322: 317: 316: 313: 304: 302: 295: 292:(in Russian). 291: 286: 283: 282:0-571-13791-1 279: 275: 271: 268: 267:0-521-43437-8 264: 260: 256: 255: 241: 232: 223: 214: 210: 203: 201: 196: 192: 188: 184: 180: 176: 172: 167: 165: 161: 157: 153: 149: 145: 141: 137: 133: 129: 127: 116: 114: 110: 106: 102: 98: 94: 87: 86: 77: 74: 70: 66: 62: 51: 47: 44: 41: 37: 32: 27: 22: 17: 1135: 1108:Tolstoy Farm 1088: 1080: 1072:(1990 novel) 1068: 1059: 1051: 1044: 961: 942: 934: 921:What Is Art? 919: 911: 903: 895: 887: 879: 871: 852: 844: 837: 836: 828: 820: 812: 593:Three Deaths 523: 515: 507: 499: 491: 483: 475: 467: 459: 451: 443: 424: 418:Resurrection 416: 408: 400: 394:The Cossacks 392: 384: 376: 368: 353:Bibliography 300: 273: 258: 240: 231: 222: 213: 183:Maria Lilina 168: 156:Maly theatre 124: 122: 92: 84: 83: 82: 1093:(2022 film) 1085:(2018 film) 1064:(1984 film) 1061:Lev Tolstoy 1048:(1912 film) 1006:Lev Lvovich 865:Non-fiction 453:Two Hussars 426:Hadji Murat 342:Leo Tolstoy 148:fourth wall 107:. In 1891, 97:Leo Tolstoy 43:Leo Tolstoy 1203:1889 plays 1192:Categories 1076:2009 film) 1014:(daughter) 996:(daughter) 955:Unfinished 881:Confession 726:Kholstomer 712:Repentance 469:Polikúshka 235:Gritsenko. 206:References 200:Ilya Repin 56:1889-12-30 39:Written by 994:Alexandra 768:Too Dear! 705:The Grain 501:The Devil 370:Childhood 1177:Category 1090:A Couple 973:" (1905) 931:" (1908) 798:" (1911) 791:" (1905) 784:" (1903) 777:" (1903) 770:" (1897) 763:" (1894) 756:" (1893) 749:" (1892) 742:" (1889) 735:" (1886) 728:" (1886) 721:" (1886) 714:" (1886) 707:" (1886) 700:" (1886) 693:" (1886) 686:" (1886) 679:" (1885) 672:" (1885) 665:" (1885) 658:" (1885) 651:" (1885) 644:" (1885) 637:" (1884) 630:" (1881) 623:" (1872) 616:" (1872) 609:" (1872) 602:" (1863) 595:" (1859) 588:" (1858) 581:" (1857) 574:" (1856) 567:" (1855) 560:" (1855) 553:" (1855) 546:" (1852) 544:The Raid 437:Novellas 101:peasants 1129:Related 1012:Tatyana 579:Lucerne 378:Boyhood 251:Sources 171:amateur 119:History 76:Realism 67:Russian 54: ( 1140:(1888) 1118:crater 1101:Honors 990:(wife) 988:Sophia 981:Family 966:(1884) 947:(1910) 939:(1909) 924:(1897) 916:(1894) 908:(1886) 900:(1884) 892:(1883) 884:(1882) 876:(1851) 857:(1910) 849:(1900) 841:(1891) 833:(1890) 825:(1886) 817:(1886) 586:Albert 528:(1904) 520:(1898) 512:(1895) 504:(1889) 496:(1889) 488:(1888) 480:(1886) 472:(1860) 464:(1859) 456:(1856) 448:(1856) 429:(1912) 421:(1899) 413:(1878) 405:(1869) 397:(1863) 389:(1856) 381:(1854) 373:(1852) 362:Novels 280:  265:  158:actor 140:Moscow 90:a.k.a. 1008:(son) 1002:(son) 806:Plays 386:Youth 72:Genre 1000:Ilya 278:ISBN 263:ISBN 136:Tula 193:'s 1194:: 181:, 166:. 88:, 969:" 927:" 794:" 787:" 780:" 773:" 766:" 759:" 752:" 745:" 738:" 731:" 724:" 717:" 710:" 703:" 696:" 689:" 682:" 675:" 668:" 661:" 654:" 647:" 640:" 633:" 626:" 619:" 612:" 605:" 598:" 591:" 584:" 577:" 570:" 563:" 556:" 549:" 542:" 334:e 327:t 320:v 303:" 284:. 269:. 128:, 58:)

Index


Konstantin Stanislavski
Leo Tolstoy
Realism
Leo Tolstoy
peasants
landed aristocracy
Konstantin Stanislavski
Society of Art and Literature
The Power of Darkness
Yasnaya Polyana
Tula
Moscow
Sergei Tolstoy
fourth wall
Tatyana Tolstaya
Maly theatre
Alexander Yuzhin
Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko
amateur
Tverskaya Street
Vera Komissarzhevskaya
Maria Lilina
Vasily Luzhsky
Saint Petersburg
Alexandrinsky Theatre
Ilya Repin
ISBN
0-521-43437-8
ISBN

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