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for an already-written work morphs into one where the "Little Sweep" narrative is related by Gladys (Mrs. Parworthy) as a true story which happened to her grandmother, Juliet Brook, when Juliet was a fourteen-year-old in 1809 or 1810. In this telling the long-term happy ending is revealed, that Juliet's uncle (the father of the visiting Crome children) took Sammy the rescued sweep-boy on as a gardener's boy. Gladys's mother remembered him as "old Samuel
Sparrow, the head gardener", who used to give her apricots on her birthday. The group of six adults (including the conductor) and six children choose this as the subject of their home-made opera, libretto by Anne Dougall, a young Scottish bank clerk, and music by Norman Chaffinch, an enthusiastic amateur. The opera is written, composed, cast, produced and rehearsed in the space of less than an hour.
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tray with her breakfast. They call Sammy out of the cupboard and feed him Juliet's breakfast, while Juliet sings a charming farewell aria. Sammy tries to refuse the money Juliet gives him, but she is insistent. The other children enter, the three Cromes ready to leave for home. They pack Sammy into Jonny's trunk, with yet more food, only to run into a problem when it proves to be too heavy for Tom the coachman and Alfred the gardener to lift. The children and Rowan break into the growing argument between Miss Baggot and the men, and offer to help lift the trunk. The extra manpower does the trick, and Juliet, Gay and Sophie watch from the window as it is loaded into the coach taking Jonny and the twins away.
734:. Miss Baggot, the elderly sharp-tongued housekeeper, escorts in Black Bob, the master sweep, and his son Clem, "a sullen apprentice as black as his dad". Last of all Sam trails in, a small white figure struggling with an armful of buckets and rope. While Miss Baggot gives the instructions, Rowan is shocked by the wretchedness of the little boy, and begs the sweeps not to send him up the chimney. The sweeps mock her and pallid white Sammy as they drive him up his first chimney, to be transformed into a black, "chimbley-stack" boy. Rowan runs from the room in distress, and the sweeps leave to prepare the next chimney.
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apprentice. There is a mad scramble to hide Sammy and look as innocent and natural as possible as Miss
Baggott enters the room. At the spectacle of the grubby, sooty, untidy state of the nursery, the housekeeper's ire is redirected towards the children. Seeing toys lying around she approaches the toy-cupboard where Sammy is hiding, reaching for the door-handle. In desperation Juliet fakes a fainting fit, which has the desired effect. Everyone fusses around Juliet, who is eventually carried to her bedroom, as Jonny reassures Sam and urges him to "sit tight, and tomorrow you're a free man."
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waggoner who broke his hip so that he couldn't work, and Sammy was sold into an apprenticeship with the sweeps because "there wasn't anything to eat". Sammy stoically declares that it was time he began work, as "I shall be nine next birthday", and the wealthy children become even more dismayed. Sam reveals that his home is in the village of Little
Glemham, which by coincidence is also Rowan's home.
246:, personal friends of the composer's. Fidelity was at that time Chairman of the Aldeburgh Festival. Britten and Crozier adopted the names and personas of her children and nephews for the opera (although the children themselves were not involved in the production), and the opera is "affectionately dedicated to the real Gay, Juliet, Sophie, Tina, Hughie, Jonny and Sammy – the
142:. The first part takes the form of a play in which the cast portray contemporary amateur performers conceiving, creating and rehearsing the opera. Intended as an introduction to and demystification of the operatic genre, the play also provides an opportunity to rehearse the audience in the four "Audience Songs" they will sing after the interval.
757:) expressing her wish that she could help Sam escape. Overhearing this, the children gradually emerge from under the dust-sheets and set about persuading her to help them get Sam away from the sweeps. A decision is taken to feed him and bath him, and the curtain falls on the preparations for the bath.
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The format of the play altered radically in the early months of its existence, passing through at least three versions (including one specially written for radio) utilising different approaches to the exposition. An initial version set "on the stage of any village hall" during an open dress-rehearsal
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The adult characters in the play were given the cast members' own first names and invented surnames, while the children originally had the first names of the children in the opera. For these, Britten used the names of the children and nephews of
Fidelity Cranbrook, (wife of John Gathorne-Hardy, 4th
778:
The third
Audience Song evokes the passing of the night. For this, the audience is divided into four groups, taking the parts of owls, herons, turtle-doves and chaffinches engaging in a singing competition. The curtain rises to reveal Juliet sitting in her dressing-gown, as Rowan enters carrying a
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Jonny conceives the plan of smuggling Sam into his travelling-trunk so that he can be carried out of the house unseen when the Crome children leave the following day. Rowan agrees, just as Miss
Baggott returns in a furious rage over her treatment by the sweeps, who have accused her of hiding their
745:. Jonny finds Juliet and joins her in her hiding-place, but their game is interrupted by a cry of distress from Sammy, who has become stuck in the chimney. The commotion attracts the other four children, and they succeed in extricating the sweep-boy from his predicament while singing the shanty
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The second
Audience Song is again sung to a closed curtain, vividly describing the splashing and scrubbing which is happening out of sight. The curtain rises to reveal Sam, "whiter than swans as they fly", and Juliet begins to question him about his background. He reveals that his father is a
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required for the four birdsong choirs in the "Night Song". The performance was a huge success, with the final "Coaching Song" in which the children on stage improvised a coach using a rocking-horse, a couple of chairs, and two parasols for the wheels, hailed as a triumph.
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As soon as the coach has notionally departed, the entire cast returns to the stage for the
Coaching Song. They form a tableau with a rocking-horse and chairs arranged to form a coach, and sing together with the audience, describing Sammy's journey to safety and freedom.
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Britten and
Crozier had been thinking about a children's opera for some years, but only began to put the concept into practice in the autumn of 1948 when planning the programme for the second Aldeburgh Festival. One afternoon Britten suggested two
166:. In later versions of the play the children also acquired the names of the respective cast members, and Elisabeth Parrish became Pamela, to reflect the part of Rowan having been taken over by Pamela Woolmore, who originally understudied the role.
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Miss
Baggott and Rowan return with the sweeps, and are thoroughly taken in by the ruse. Black Bob and Clem run off in search of Sammy, pursued by Miss Baggott insisting that they get on with the job. Thinking herself alone, Rowan sings an aria
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While their mother is absent "seeing papa off to join his ship", the three Brook children of Iken Hall have been playing host to their three Crome cousins, together with their nursery-maid. The visit is due to end the following day.
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Britten chose modest orchestral forces; string quartet (one instrument per part), piano duet (four hands on one piano), and percussion (cymbal, tenor drum and bass drum) requiring only one player. The vocal score, published by
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encouraged Britten and Crozier to build on this concept, and rely on the audience themselves to provide the chorus. The five adult parts (including that of Juliet, the eldest girl) were written for five members of the
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was the first of Britten's operas to be entirely conceived, composed and produced at Aldeburgh. Work continued throughout the spring and the first performance was given on 14 June 1949 in the Jubilee Hall.
749:. Like Rowan, the children are horrified by Sammy's condition. They decide to hide him in the nursery while faking up a line of footprints to make it seem as if he has escaped through the window.
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The first Audience Song is sung before the curtain rises to reveal the children's nursery at Iken Hall, which Rowan the nursery-maid is covering in dust-sheets in preparation for a visit from the
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describes "a hubbub of excited comment" from the first audience as even seasoned opera-goers raised their eyebrows at the standard expected of the audience/chorus ("What! In
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in 1950, incorporates a version for two pianos and percussion, with additional notation in the piano parts for use if the percussion instruments are unavailable.
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The door opens and Juliet enters furtively, before climbing into an armchair and covering herself with a dust-sheet. The children are playing
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205:", and as Crozier relates, "by that evening we had planned the structure, action and characters of a short opera in three scenes."
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The part of the "small, quiet and timid" 8-year-old Tina was understudied for the first performance by future
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1338:(This picture is wrongly dated, being from the 1949 production not the 1951 revival.) (Boosey & Hawkes)
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Del Mar/Sharp/Woolmore/Moules/Parr/Worthley/Lumsden (1949) BBC archive performance, no commercial release
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154:), a personal friend of the composer's, whose family seat Glemham House lies a few miles inland from
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Diminished octaves?"), and the consternation of a "tall thin music critic" uncertain of the precise
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1937:
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1152:"The Little Sweep op. 45": Eaton took over the part the following year for the television broadcast
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The enthusiastic response of the audience to the congregational hymns incorporated in the cantata
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222:. The child characters were transplanted from a nearby country house, Glemham House in
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178:"Songs for the audience" booklet, handed to the audience in the original production.
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Halsey/Milne/Flowers/Yeo/Palmer/Graham-Hall/Richardson (1996, Weigl movie), Arthaus
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Juzeau/Vautier/Kapeluche/Soula?/Murano/Battedou/Legendre (1979, in French), Adès
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1972:
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Kares/Pokorná/Sormová/Prusek/Mixová/Procházka/Hanus (1975, in Czech), Supraphon
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Hall, a large rambling farmhouse on the banks of the river Alde, the home of
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113:, Op. 45, is an opera for children in three scenes by the English composer
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1365:(Boosey & Hawkes / ArenaPAL : Performing Arts Image Library)
1329:(Boosey & Hawkes / ArenaPAL : Performing Arts Image Library)
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1278:, Vol. Two, p. 1293. London: MacMillan Publishers, Inc. 1998
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Britten/Cantelo/Vyvyan/Hemmings/Thomas/Pears/Anthony (1956), Decca
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242:. Glemham House was the home of Fidelity and Jock, Countess and
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play, Norman Del Mar rehearsing the audience in the "Night Song"
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226:, which in the late eighteenth century had been the home of
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Pictures of the first production, 1949 Aldeburgh Festival
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which had formed the basis of Britten's 1945 masterpiece
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Alfred, Tom, Miss Baggott, later Rowan and the Children
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Ledger/Benson/Wells/Monck/Begg/Tear/Lloyd (1977), HMV
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beginning of scene 1, the sweeps arrive at Iken Hall
1009:(Conductor/Juliet/Rowan/Sam/Baggott/Clem/Black Bob)
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office boy and odd job lad at Leiston Printing Works
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on www.brittenpears.org. Retrieved 29 December 2012
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Roles in play and opera, voice types, premiere cast
362:a zealous, enthusiastic amateur actor and producer
138:is the second part of a stage production entitled
2310:Benjamin Britten: A Life in the Twentieth Century
660:choirboy at church; one of Miss Parrish's juniors
550:good at maths; knows all about fuses and circuits
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1336:later in scene 1, freeing Sammy from the chimney
458:has recently left school and works at the bank;
877:The Children, later Miss Baggott, Bob and Clem
429:and has helped the children write their opera;
427:teaches English and Music at the local school
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1696:Diversions for Piano Left Hand and Orchestra
1864:Canticle I: My beloved is mine and I am his
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962:Aria "Soon the coach will carry you away"
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1657:The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra
2126:Prelude and Fugue on a Theme of Vittoria
1251:New York: Oxford University Press: 1992
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1187:The Little Sweep (Let's Make an Opera!)
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910:Audience, later Rowan and the Children
401:with great experience of amateur acting
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2075:Sacred and Profane (8 medieval lyrics)
940:Finale "Help! Help! She's collapsed!"
440:nursery-maid to the Woodbridge cousins
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1625:Variations on a Theme of Frank Bridge
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943:Rowan, Miss Baggott and the Children
2242:Britten Pears Young Artist Programme
1882:Canticle IV: The Journey of the Magi
1745:Serenade for Tenor, Horn and Strings
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194:Songs of Innocence and of Experience
72:Songs of Innocence and of Experience
2324:Cantus in Memoriam Benjamin Britten
1922:Songs and Proverbs of William Blake
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1122:. L'Almanacco di Gherardo Casaglia
984:Trio and Ensemble "Ready, Alfred?"
808:The Sweep's Song, Audience Song I.
250:family of Great Glemham, Suffolk."
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2195:Variations on an Elizabethan Theme
1876:Canticle III: Still falls the rain
1345:beginning of scene 2, Sammy's bath
1234:, New York: Penguin Putnam, 2001.
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951:The Night Song, Audience Song III
822:Miss Baggott, Rowan, Clem and Bob
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741:, apparently the version known as
399:a kind, motherly neighbour of his
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1354:scene 3, trying to lift the trunk
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1275:The New Grove Dictionary of Opera
1169:operadis-opera-discography.org.uk
841:Hide and Seek. "Juliet! Juliet!"
606:home from school for the holidays
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1185:Britten, Benjamin, vocal score:
995:Coaching Song, Audience Song IV
830:Duet "Now the little white boy"
644:one of the children at Iken Hall
617:one of the children at Iken Hall
471:one of the children at Iken Hall
907:Sammy's Bath, Audience Song II
1870:Canticle II: Abraham and Isaac
1851:Britten's Purcell realizations
1844:The Holy Sonnets of John Donne
1249:The Oxford Dictionary of Opera
1198:The Operas of Benjamin Britten
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1129:
1104:
1083:
1065:
1044:
918:Ensemble "O why do you weep?"
852:Shanty "Pull the rope gently"
633:cheerful girl with a big smile
460:friends with Elisabeth Parrish
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1836:Seven Sonnets of Michelangelo
1309:play, rehearsing the audience
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899:Rowan and later the Children
819:Quartet "Sweep the chimney!"
811:Audience, later Clem and Bob
590:one of the Woodbridge cousins
561:one of the Woodbridge cousins
498:Black Bob's son and assistant
2156:Nocturnal after John Dowland
2134:Six Metamorphoses after Ovid
1215:The Great Composers: Britten
1073:"Britten Thematic Catalogue"
921:Sam, Rowan and the Children
687:also a choirboy and a junior
525:organist at the local church
278:Co-operative Society Choir.
7:
2252:Snape Maltings Concert Hall
1232:The New Penguin Opera Guide
896:Aria "Run, poor sweep boy"
888:Miss Baggott, Bob and Clem
711:
10:
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2404:Operas by Benjamin Britten
2142:Fanfare for St Edmundsbury
1110:Casaglia, Gherardo (2005).
863:Ensemble "Is he wounded?"
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186:First page of the booklet.
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2101:String Quartet in D major
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1956:
1914:Sechs Hölderlin-Fragmente
1828:Beware! Three Early Songs
1819:
1712:
1667:
1594:
1584:The Prince of the Pagodas
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1541:The Burning Fiery Furnace
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1498:A Midsummer Night's Dream
1417:
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1200:. Hamish Hamilton, 1979.
973:Ensemble "Morning Sammy"
671:Black Bob's new sweep boy
540:
490:
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353:
230:, the author of the poem
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66:
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48:
36:
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2278:Benjamin Britten Academy
2273:Benjamin Britten (train)
2257:The Red House, Aldeburgh
410:housekeeper at Iken Hall
380:coachman from Woodbridge
323:
2409:English-language operas
2247:Britten-Pears Orchestra
1938:Who Are These Children?
1713:Vocal/Choral Orchestral
1217:. Faber and Faber, 1966
2145:(three trumpets, 1959)
1906:Songs from the Chinese
1363:scene 3, final tableau
1196:Herbert, David (Ed.),
579:small, quiet and timid
431:tall, pretty and eager
187:
179:
88:14 June 1949
2424:Operas based on books
1793:Cantata misericordium
1729:The Company of Heaven
1482:The Turn of the Screw
976:Sam and the Children
866:Sam and the Children
508:gardener at Iken Hall
371:a brutal sweep-master
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177:
2187:Homage to Paderewski
2169:String Quartet No. 3
2119:String Quartet No. 2
2113:String Quartet No. 1
2109:(oboe quartet, 1932)
2094:Chamber/Instrumental
2051:A Hymn of St Columba
1997:A Ceremony of Carols
1890:A Charm of Lullabies
1861:(1947–75, including
1442:The Rape of Lucretia
1411:List of compositions
1316:Let's Make an Opera!
1307:Let's Make an Opera!
1101:Britten, vocal score
929:Pantomime and Scena
747:Pull the rope gently
140:Let's Make an Opera!
130:Let's Make an Opera!
43:The composer in 1968
2330:English Opera Group
2266:Named after Britten
2021:Rejoice in the Lamb
1721:Our Hunting Fathers
1641:Sinfonia da Requiem
1191:Boosey & Hawkes
1142:, then aged twelve.
998:Omnes and Audience
755:Run, poor sweep-boy
667:("Sammy") Sparrow,
546:Johnnie Chaffinch,
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295:Performance history
289:Boosey & Hawkes
272:English Opera Group
220:Margery Spring Rice
203:The Chimney Sweeper
170:Composition history
2317:Britten's Children
2237:Britten Pears Arts
2232:Aldeburgh Festival
2165:(1964, 1967, 1972)
2067:Children's Crusade
2005:Hymn to St Cecilia
1801:Children's Crusade
1649:Matinées musicales
1418:Opera and operetta
1077:brittenproject.org
694:("Hughie") Crome,
629:Sophie Stevenson,
424:Elisabeth Parrish
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188:
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99:Aldeburgh Festival
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2059:The Golden Vanity
2029:Five Flower Songs
1989:Advance Democracy
1965:Friday Afternoons
1946:A Birthday Hansel
1777:Cantata academica
1737:Les Illuminations
1683:(1939, rev. 1958)
1677:(1938, rev. 1945)
1617:Soirées musicales
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396:Gladys Parworthy
359:Norman Chaffinch
152:Earl of Cranbrook
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2302:Related articles
2293:Britten Sinfonia
2206:Film adaptations
2107:Phantasy Quartet
2037:Hymn to St Peter
2013:Festival Te Deum
1699:(1940 rev. 1954)
1549:The Prodigal Son
1458:The Little Sweep
1402:Benjamin Britten
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1266:The Little Sweep
1262:Whittall, Arnold
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450:Elisabeth Parry
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300:The Little Sweep
136:The Little Sweep
115:Benjamin Britten
110:The Little Sweep
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31:Benjamin Britten
29:for children by
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2179:Collaborations
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339:Role (opera)
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2163:Cello suites
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2149:Cello sonata
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2137:(oboe, 1951)
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2083:Jubilate Deo
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1981:Te Deum in C
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419:Gladys Parr
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347:Premier cast
336:Role (play)
316:
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305:Imogen Holst
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239:Peter Grimes
237:
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192:
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123:Eric Crozier
109:
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53:Eric Crozier
15:
2419:1949 operas
2216:(1989 film)
2214:War Requiem
1968:(1932–1935)
1879:(1954) and
1858:5 Canticles
1785:War Requiem
1668:Concertante
1602:Sinfonietta
1560:Film/Ballet
1426:Paul Bunyan
1079:. May 1949.
926:XI and XII
698:Tina's twin
683:Hugh Lark,
233:The Borough
2393:Categories
1595:Orchestral
1576:Night Mail
1466:Billy Budd
1189:. London:
1033:References
1005:Recordings
717:Time: 1810
529:conductor
479:Anne Sharp
354:Grown-ups
343:Voice type
309:five-four?
282:Orchestral
92:1949-06-14
49:Librettist
1831:(1922–26)
1633:Mont Juic
1272:, (Ed.),
1137:Bond Girl
954:Audience
541:Children
415:contralto
367:Black Bob
162:close to
156:Aldeburgh
117:, with a
2358:Category
1873:(1952),
1769:Nocturne
1474:Gloriana
743:sardines
712:Synopsis
642:aged 10
631:aged 11
615:aged 13
604:aged 13
559:aged 15
548:aged 15
475:soprano
469:aged 14
208:As with
119:libretto
84:Premiere
67:Based on
59:Language
1853:(1945)+
1809:Phaedra
1230:(Ed.),
965:Juliet
794:Number
774:Scene 3
761:Scene 2
726:Scene 1
702:treble
696:aged 8
685:aged 8
675:treble
669:aged 8
658:aged 8
648:treble
640:Brook,
621:treble
613:Brook,
594:treble
588:aged 8
586:Crome,
577:aged 9
557:Crome,
467:Brook,
446:soprano
276:Ipswich
90: (
62:English
2399:Operas
2369:Portal
2225:Legacy
2198:(1953)
2190:(1941)
2171:(1975)
2151:(1961)
2121:(1945)
2115:(1941)
2103:(1931)
2086:(1961)
2078:(1974)
2070:(1968)
2062:(1966)
2054:(1962)
2046:(1959)
2040:(1955)
2032:(1950)
2024:(1943)
2016:(1944)
2008:(1942)
2000:(1942)
1992:(1938)
1984:(1934)
1976:(1933)
1957:Choral
1949:(1975)
1941:(1969)
1933:(1965)
1925:(1965)
1917:(1958)
1909:(1957)
1901:(1954)
1893:(1947)
1885:(1971)
1847:(1945)
1839:(1940)
1812:(1975)
1804:(1969)
1796:(1963)
1788:(1961)
1780:(1959)
1772:(1958)
1764:(1949)
1756:(1948)
1748:(1943)
1740:(1939)
1732:(1937)
1724:(1936)
1705:(1963)
1691:(1939)
1660:(1946)
1652:(1941)
1644:(1940)
1636:(1937)
1628:(1937)
1620:(1937)
1612:(1934)
1604:(1932)
1587:(1956)
1579:(1936)
1571:(1931)
1552:(1968)
1544:(1966)
1536:(1964)
1517:(1973)
1509:(1971)
1501:(1960)
1493:(1958)
1485:(1954)
1477:(1953)
1469:(1951)
1461:(1949)
1453:(1947)
1445:(1946)
1437:(1945)
1429:(1941)
1289:
1282:
1255:
1238:
1204:
1193:, 1950
1118:
992:XVIII
797:Title
638:Sophie
566:treble
555:Johnny
504:Alfred
465:Juliet
317:divisi
2383:Opera
1820:Vocal
1268:" in
1038:Notes
981:XVII
937:XIII
893:VIII
885:Trio
838:IIIa
800:Cast
513:tenor
436:Rowan
324:Roles
313:What?
259:Vocal
164:Snape
158:, in
27:Opera
1287:ISBN
1280:ISBN
1253:ISBN
1236:ISBN
1202:ISBN
970:XVI
948:XIV
882:VII
827:III
692:Hugh
584:Tina
501:and
494:Clem
385:bass
373:and
216:Iken
1264:, "
959:XV
904:IX
871:VI
849:IV
816:II
665:Sam
611:Gay
376:Tom
311:" "
197:by
121:by
76:by
2395::
1867:,
1213:,
1167:.
1094:^
1075:.
1055:^
915:X
860:V
805:I
125:.
2371::
1394:e
1387:t
1380:v
1171:.
1126:.
1116:,
1112:"
753:(
94:)
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