241:. This is based on his belief that he was nearly wrecked by a German yacht luring him into a shoal in rough weather during a previous trip. The yacht was owned and captained by a mysterious German entrepreneur called Dollmann, whom Davies suspects of being in fact an expatriate Englishman posing as a German. The situation was further complicated by Davies having fallen deeply in love with Dollmann's daughter, Clara – who, Davies is sure, is not involved in whatever nefarious scheme her father is engaged upon. In any case, Davies is suspicious about what would motivate Dollmann to try to kill him, and believed that it is some scheme involving the German Imperial government. Having failed to interest anyone in the British government in the incident, Davies feels it is his patriotic duty to investigate further on his own – hence the invitation to Carruthers.
449:- in his book Childers was espousing the arguments made in favour of the Volunteer Reserve but the novel was by no means the source of the idea or the force behind its creation. However the impact of the book and its popularity has been credited with adding backing to the Naval Forces Bill and speeding its passage through parliament. Childers would in fact be commissioned into the RNVR on the outbreak of the First World War
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has changed sides again. They promise
Dollman immunity from being charged for treason in Britain – which, acting on their own and not having any authorization from the British government, they were not truly in a position to promise. As they sail across the North Sea, Dollmann commits suicide by jumping overboard, presumably to avoid disgrace and probable arrest.
432:, but it fizzled out, and nobody really cares. And what’s the result? Using every man of what reserves we’ve got, there’s about enough to man the fleet on a war footing, and no more. They’ve tinkered with fishermen, and merchant sailors, and yachting hands, but everyone of them ought to be got hold of; and the colonies, too.
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Germany in time to be present at the conspirators' rendezvous (to which
Dollmann, significantly, was not invited). He manages to follow von BrĂĽning and his men without being noticed, and trails them to a port where they board a tugboat towing a barge. Carruthers then sneaks aboard and hides, and the convoy heads to sea.
273:. There, they find Dollmann and von BrĂĽning have beaten them and are seemingly suspicious. However, getting in the fog from Norderney to Memmert and back is a nearly impossible feat, which only Davies' superb seamanship could have achieved, and the Germans do not seriously suspect them of having done that.
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Von BrĂĽning invites them to
Dollmann's villa for a dinner, where he attempts to subtly cross-examine them to find out if they are British spies. Carruthers plays a dangerous game, admitting they are curious. But he convinces von BrĂĽning that he believes the cover story about treasure and merely wants
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Taking advantage of a thick fog, Davies navigates them covertly through the complicated sandbanks in a small boat to investigate the
Memmert site. Carruthers investigates the island. He overhears von BrĂĽning and Dollmann discussing something more than treasure hunting, including cryptic references to
257:, and its commander von Brüning – who is friendly and affable, but still makes a veiled warning. This makes them all the more sure that there is something more than a treasure dig on the island. And meanwhile, they discover that not only is Dollmann indeed an Englishman, he had been an officer in the
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and many others." All of the physical background is completely authentic – the various
Frisian islands and towns named in the book actually exist and the descriptions of them accurate (often, from the author's own experience). The same is true for the various "sands" of the title – vast areas which
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to invade
Britain's east coast. He escapes after grounding the tugboat and rushes back to Davies. He finds him and explains how they must flee before the Germans come after them. They convince Dollmann and Clara to come with them to avoid Dollmann's being arrested by the Germans, who will think he
436:
In fact the influence the book had on the formation of the
Volunteer Reserve has been overstated. The 1903 Naval Forces Bill authorising the formation of the RNVR was introduced to Parliament in March 1903 (the novel would debut in May) and was passed in June. The formation of a naval reserve for
280:
Carruthers announces that the
Foreign Office has recalled him to England. He heads off, being accompanied part of the way to the Dutch border by one of the German conspirators – outwardly an affable fellow-traveller. But instead of embarking from Amsterdam to England, he doubles back, returns to
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Lower in the hierarchy, Carruthers several times states that he likes
Commander von Brüning as a person – and this liking is not diminished by the discovery that von Brüning is deeply involved in the plan to invade England. In general, the book's protagonists feel no malice towards the Germans.
528:, undertook a sailing holiday along the same section of the Frisian coast, during which they collected information about German naval installations. The two men were sentenced to four years custody by a military court in Leipzig, but they were pardoned by the Emperor in 1913. They joined "
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Carruthers finally puts the riddle together. The
Germans are linking the canals and the railways, dredging passages through the shifting sands and hiding a fleet of tugs and barges. The only explanation is that they are preparing to secretly transport a powerful German army across the
44:
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was written as "... a story with a purpose", written from "a patriot's natural sense of duty", which predicted war with Germany and called for British preparedness. The whole genre of "invasion novels" raised the public's awareness of the "potential threat" of Imperial Germany.
539:. To the contrary, on several occasions the character Davies expresses admiration for the German Emperor: "He is a fine fellow, that emperor. By Jove! We want a man like that Kaiser, who doesn't wait to be kicked, but works like a nigger for his country, and sees ahead".
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An epilogue by the "editor" examines the details of a report prepared by Dollmann, outlining his plan for the invasion force. A postscript notes that the Royal Navy is finally taking countermeasures to intercept any German invasion fleet and urges haste.
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Though wars with Germany would become a central issue for Britain for much of the first half of the 20th century, few Britons anticipated that before 1900. Historically, it was France which was the traditional enemy of England and Britain, from the
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There must be hundreds of chaps like me—I know a good many myself—who know our coasts like a book—shoals, creeks, tides, rocks; there’s nothing in it, it’s only practice. They ought to make some use of us as a naval reserve.
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at ebb. Navigating a small boat under these conditions requires a specialized kind of skilled seamanship, of which the character Davies is an unsurpassed master, and the descriptions of his feats are of abiding interest to
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Carruthers and Davies spend some time exploring the shallow tidal waters of the Frisian Islands, moving closer to the mysterious site where there is a rumoured secret treasure recovery project in progress on the island of
226:, a reference to Childers's own sister of that name), not the comfortable crewed yacht that he expected. However, Carruthers agrees to go on the trip and joins Davies in Flensburg on the Baltic, whence they head for the
396:, raising the spectre of a French surprise invasion of England, reaching London – with Germany cast as Britain's loyal ally, rushing to help and in the nick of time saving England from the French. But Emperor
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noted: "For the next ten years Childers's book remained the most powerful contribution of any English writer to the debate on Britain's alleged military unpreparedness." It was a notable influence on
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to see the imaginary "wreck". The party also serves to show that the Germans do not fully trust the renegade Englishman Dollmann and that there is some rift between them which might be widened.
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A 90-minute BBC Radio 4 adaptation was broadcast in January 1994, as part of the Saturday Night Theatre strand, starring Laurence Kennedy as Carruthers and Charles Simpson as Davies.
314:, who described it as "an open-air adventure thriller about two young men who stumble upon a German armada preparing to invade England." Follett has also called it "the first modern
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It is noteworthy that the demonization and vilification of Kaiser Wilhelm, which would become a staple of British propaganda in later years, are conspicuously absent from
423:, which trained civilians with no professional sea-going experience for service with the Royal Navy. In the book, Davies is an enthusiastic advocate of such a body:
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in which he warned of outdated British army tactics in the event of "conflicts of the future". He developed this theme in two further works he published in 1911:
219:. Carruthers agrees, as his other plans for a holiday have fallen through, and because of a heartbreak due to a woman he courted becoming engaged to another man.
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Rather, they take a "sporting" attitude, frankly admiring the Germans' audacity and resourcefulness while being determined to outwit them and foil their plans.
265:"Chatham", "Seven" and "the tide serving", and hears of a rendezvous at the Frisian railway station, several days ahead. The pair return through the fog to the
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to find Childers, whom he had met when the author was campaigning to represent a naval seat in Parliament, and employ him. At the time Childers was writing
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that "established a formula that included a mass of verifiable detail, which gave authenticity to the story – the same ploy that would be used so well by
249:. The two men discover that Dollmann is involved in the recovery project. Carruthers and Davies try to approach Memmert. They are warned away by a
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on 5 March 1903, two months before the novel's publication, and some time after secret negotiations for the purchase had begun. Although
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had decided to establish the new naval bases, this seems unlikely. When war was declared he ordered the
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Similarly, the belief has grown that the book was responsible for the development of the naval base at
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in the Frisian Islands in April 1903 and the Conclusion of the Events described by Erskine Childers."
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Davies gradually reveals that he suspects that the Germans are undertaking something sinister in the
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effected a change in the actual power relations – reflected in the specific literary genre of
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This article is about the 1903 adventure novel. For the 1979 film based on the novel, see
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The novel contains many realistic details based on Childers' own sailing trips along the
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starting in December 1949, with Dyall himself taking the role of Carruthers.
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and its formation came after a concerted political and press campaign led by
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He arrives to find that Davies has a small sailing boat (the vessel is named
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162:. It has been made into feature-length films for both cinema and television.
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Buchan, Alastair; McGreary, Jeremy (January 2006). "The Book and the Boat".
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The Second Oldest Profession: Spies and Spying in the Twentieth Century
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enthusiasts, quite apart from their role in the book's espionage plot.
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The Riddle of the Sands has been credited with the creation of the
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and the identity assigned to the possible invader of British soil.
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has cited the book as the second best spy novel of all time, after
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615:. This is subtitled "being an account of the cruise of the yacht
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included it in his list of the 100 greatest novels of all time.
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234:. Carruthers has to learn quickly how to sail the small boat.
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building up the German Navy and challenging British sea power
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Imperial German plans for the invasion of the United Kingdom
587:(1984), produced by the public television and radio station
969:(1). Middletown, Rhode Island: World Publications: 86–91.
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Uncommon Courage: The Yachtsmen Volunteers of World War II
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he was also contributing to a factual book published by
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cruise "appear almost unedited in the book". The yacht
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In Germany, the novel was popularised by the TV movie
734:. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. pp.
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The Riddle of the Sands: A Record of Secret Service
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556:(1979) is a film adaptation of the book, starring
468:later credited the book as a major reason why the
1062:"Saturday Night Theatre: The Riddle of the Sands"
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992:. London, England: Continuum. pp. 105–107.
812:"What to Read: The Best Spy Novels of All Time"
787:"The 100 greatest novels of all time: The list"
437:civilians had been heavily discussed since the
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547:Film, television, and theatrical adaptations
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328:as one of the ten classic spy novels, in
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611:wrote a continuation of the story named
411:As described in its author's own words,
23:. For the 1984 Jimmy Buffett album, see
759:Jeffreys-Jones, Rhodri (26 June 2013).
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165:The novel "owes a lot to the wonderful
27:. For the 2021 Sara Sheridan book, see
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16:1903 novel by Robert Erskine Childers
852:. London: Adlard Coles. p. 45.
211:Carruthers, a minor official in the
194:are flooded at high tide but become
1178:German Influence on British Cavalry
492:German Influence on British Cavalry
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785:McCrum, Robert (12 October 2003).
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1312:Cultural depictions of Wilhelm II
1292:British novels adapted into films
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731:Voices Prophesying War, 1763–1984
567:A seven-part radio adaptation by
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818:. 6 January 2017. Archived from
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880:. London: Pimlico. p. 17.
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761:"The top 10 classic spy novels"
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1297:Fictional invasions of England
1133:The Riddle of Erskine Childers
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664:"Erskine Childers's log books"
524:and Lieutenant Vivian Brandon
501:coast, and large parts of his
474:Director of Naval Intelligence
121:Print (hardback and paperback)
21:The Riddle of the Sands (film)
1:
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421:Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve
1317:Smith, Elder & Co. books
1101:. London: Headline Feature.
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1240:public domain audiobook at
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513:in the novel is based upon
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1175:Childers, Erskine (1911).
1152:Childers, Erskine (1910).
560:as Charles Carruthers and
269:, moored at the island of
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1044:"The Riddle of the Sands"
835:, pp. 108 & 140.
607:In 1998, nautical writer
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382:. Just nine years before
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1282:British adventure novels
1155:War and the Arme Blanche
728:Clark, Ignatius (1992).
669:National Maritime Museum
488:War and the Arme Blanche
393:The Great War in England
173:, that were a staple of
37:The Riddle of the Sands
1247:The Riddle of the Sands
1237:The Riddle of the Sands
1220:The Riddle of the Sands
1206:The Riddle of the Sands
1099:The Shadow in the Sands
1097:Llewellyn, Sam (1999).
1080:The Riddle of the Sands
1026:The Riddle of the Sands
1013:The Riddle of the Sands
988:Piper, Leonard (2007).
613:The Shadow in the Sands
584:Das Rätsel der Sandbank
553:The Riddle of the Sands
537:The Riddle of the Sands
447:Charles Chadwyck-Healey
384:The Riddle of the Sands
337:s best spy novel list.
326:The Riddle of the Sands
1137:. London: Hutchinson.
434:
302:Childers's biographer
239:German Frisian islands
704:"The Art of Suspense"
702:Follett, Ken (2016).
571:was broadcast on the
505:entries from an 1897
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322:Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones
102:Smith, Elder & Co
822:on 14 December 2020.
160:genre of spy fiction
1307:Public domain books
1287:1903 British novels
1272:Invasion literature
951:, pp. 136–137.
915:, pp. 129–130.
903:, pp. 196–197.
816:The Daily Telegraph
634:Invasion literature
573:BBC Light Programme
562:Simon MacCorkindale
413:Riddle of the Sands
352:The Daily Telegraph
230:, off the coast of
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29:Secret of the Sands
25:Riddles in the Sand
1277:British spy novels
1050:. 2 December 1949.
874:Knightley, Phillip
564:as Arthur Davies.
430:They tried to once
376:Hundred Years' War
369:Historical context
298:Literary criticism
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1225:Project Gutenberg
1108:978-0-747-26005-9
1068:. 8 January 1994.
999:978-1-84725-020-9
593:Burghart KlauĂźner
466:Winston Churchill
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645:Notes
515:Vixen
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