451:“Slave on the Block” is an exploration of the relationship between the Carraways, two affluent White New Yorkers, and Black culture. Michael and Anne Carraway, a musician and an artist respectively, are interested in the exotic aesthetic of Black Art and Black Americans. Upon meeting Luther, the Black nephew of their former cook, the Carraways hire him under pretenses as their gardener. Jobless and recently relocated from the South, Luther happily accepts employment and included accommodations. As time progresses, however, the Carraways become more concerned with using Luther as inspiration for their art, rather than employment. Luther is quickly taken under the wing of Mattie, the older Black maid in the Carraway house. Eventually, the two become romantically involved. Throughout the novel, the Carraways remain oblivious to Mattie and Luther’s personal boundaries, perceiving them as objects of entertainment, inspiration, and housework. Building tensions reach a turning point when Mr. Carraway’s mother comes to visit from
468:
his white townsmen, Roy’s mother is elated her violin prodigy son has returned. At his homecoming concert Roy meets Miss Reese, an older White music teacher at the local high school. Miss Reese is particularly impressed with Roy’s talent and invites him to play for her Senior music appreciation class. After the performance, Miss Reese lauds Roy as a true musical artist, despite his poor performance due to the progressing illness. Late one autumn night, a weakened Roy takes a walk through the center of town. During his outing, he is greeted by Miss Reese and the two strike up casual conversation as two appreciators of music. Mid-conversation, Roy is attacked by a White mob under the pretense that he was attacking Miss Reese. The mob
519:. Mr. Lloyd and the young man have an amicable relationship; Mr. Lloyd pays the young man well, the young man does as Mr. Lloyd asks, and the two often drink together. The young man is quite content with their arrangement, until Pauline arrives. Pauline is a Black woman, and the only woman that can hold Mr. Lloyd’s attention. Despite his adoration, Pauline sees Mr. Lloyd as a financial asset, stoking his needs in exchange for financial support. Upon learning Pauline has another lover and is only interested in him monetarily, Mr. Lloyd falls into a drunken stupor. He spends weeks intoxicated and in search of Pauline, who has left Harlem and cannot be found. Upon realizing Pauline is gone, Mr. Lloyd slips into
407:, Cora begins to treat Jessie as her own child. The two develop an incredibly close relationship throughout the years. When Jessie becomes pregnant just before graduating high school, Cora bears the responsibility of informing the senior Studevants. Jessie's parents are incredibly ashamed of the premarital pregnancy and induce an unwanted abortion upon Jessie. Jessie ultimately dies from distress a few weeks after the procedure. Cora is distraught at the loss of Jessie. She attends Jessie’s funeral and publicly accuses the Studevants of killing both Jessie and the child. Afterwards, despite no longer working for the Studevants, the Jenkins family still “manage to get along.
605:“Red-Headed Baby” describes fallout of Mister Clarence, a white seaman’s, return to a small town on the coast of Florida to visit a former lover, a mixed-race Betsy. After a few drinks, Betsy, her mother, and Mister Clarence are interrupted by Clarence, Betsy’s two year old, red-haired, blue-eyed, disabled, white child. Mister Clarence is struck by the existence and appearance of his child, particularly with how similar they look. He leaves abruptly and pays for the alcohol he’s consumed, much to the surprise of Betsy.
672:“Mother and Child” depicts a group of Black women’s discussion of a White woman and Black man in town’s new baby. The birth is notable because the couple is interracial and the woman is married to another White man. The women express concerns over heightened racial tensions, and chatter amongst themselves as to what the future holds for the Ohio town and the couple. The story concludes with the beginning of the monthly meeting of Salvation Rock Ladies’ Missionary Society for the Rescue of the African Heathen.
27:
697:“Father and Son” is a story about Colonel Thomas Norwood and his half-Black son, Bert Lewis. Growing up, Bert constantly sought acknowledgement from the Colonel as his son. The Colonel’s inability to recognize Bert as his child, coupled with a predisposition to mischief, pushes Bert to rebel throughout his childhood. This strained relationship between the two men continues into Bert’s adulthood. Tensions reach their height one summer after Bert returns to the
403:“Cora Unashamed” introduces forty-year-old Cora Jenkins’ life as one of the only Black persons in the rural town of Melton. Cora has a child with a White foreigner, Joe, out of wedlock. Upon realization of Cora’s pregnancy, Joe leaves town and Cora, forcing her to raise Josephine on her own. Cora also works as a maid for the high-society Studevant family, cooking, cleaning, and taking care of the Studevant’s child, Jessie. Upon Josephine’s early death from
565:, Hughes simultaneously criticizes the primitivist camp for its absurdity, while still advocating that jazz music illuminates a suppressed aspect of the Western individual’s consciousness, and that African Americans can access this repressed psyche more readily than White folks. The story also comments on the deep issue of Black Americans’, including Hughes, participation in promoting problematic overreaches of primitivism in the 1920s.
455:. After a snide comment from Luther and seeing him bare-chested in the house, the senior Mrs. Carraway screams, calls Luther a slur, and demands his dismissal. Michael Carraway does so immediately. Mattie joins Luther in departure, admonishing the Carraways for their lack of respect and demanding that she and Luther both be paid before leaving. Mr. Carraway complies.
292:” is the sixth story within the collection. The narrative details the mayhem of con-man Eugene Lesche and his jazz-themed soul colony, created to help people achieve spiritual enlightenment. The work comments on the African primitivist aesthetic, qualifying previous historical focuses of the lens, while still advocating for its relevance.
153:, California. The collection addresses multiple dimensions of racial issues, focusing specifically on the unbalanced yet interdependent power dynamics between Black and White people. According to Hughes, the short stories are inspired either by his own lived experiences or those of others he encountered.
646:
man, to deliver food for the dog. Miss Briggs’ and Flips’ routine is disrupted when Joe, a Black man, becomes the new janitor. Despite Joe’s kindness and adherence to the food delivery routine, Miss Briggs finds herself uncomfortable and anxious around Joe. Ultimately, she and Flips move out of the
585:
and the study of art. Eventually, Osceola realizes that her expression of music requires expression, passion, and living, and stands in contrast to Mrs. Ellsworth’s perception of art. When Pete asks
Osceola to marry him, Osceola accepts at the expense of losing Mrs. Ellsworth’s patronage. The story
467:
in night clubs across Europe. He returns due to illness, certain that he will die soon. Upon return to his hometown, Roy challenges the norms of a Black
American in the small town he grew up in—he is well-dressed, educated, and has financial means from performing abroad. Despite a cold welcome from
502:
status because he is categorized as White by society. Despite these benefits, there are still consequences to this passing. As a member of White society, Jack is unable to share his life with his Black family, his mother, and siblings Gladys and
Charlie. The letter closes with Jack detailing his
688:
movie theatre. Upon a fear-inducing encounter with Santa as the only Black child, Joe flees the store and eventually reunites with his mother. After Joe recounts his terrifying experience in the theatre, Arcie tells Joe that the man he met was not the real Santa—he was just an old White man.
188:
As for his career, the time between 1933 and 1934 spent in Carmel is considered by Hughes to be the first extended amount of time that he could stay in one community and devote himself to his craft. He worked ten to twelve hours each day, completing at least one story or article each week.
663:
its clients and the children in its care. Despite these conditions, Berry forms a close connection with the children. On a trip to the beach with the patients, Berry is blamed for carelessly allowing a child to fall from his wheelchair. Berry is immediately dismissed, without his pay.
415:
David
Herbert Donald called "Cora Unashamed" "a brilliantly realized portrait of an isolated black woman in a small Middle Western town, who stoically survives her own sorrows but in the end lashes out against the hypocrisy of the whites who employ her." That story was
617:
left in the care of the White
Pemberton family. The entire town of Mapelton is overly kind towards Arnie because he is the only Black person in town. Even still, he still feels separated and lonely. In an effort to provide Arnie an unspoiled summer before attending
642:“Little Dog” details the life of Miss Briggs, a lonely head bookkeeper living in New York. One summer, Miss Briggs buys a little white dog and names him “Flips.” After bringing Flips home to her apartment, she enlists the help of her janitor, a young
279:” is the fifth story within the collection. The story explores the occupation of a young man working for a well-off Mr. Lloyd, and the conditions that led to the end of the job. The short work was originally published in the April 1934 edition of
493:
as White, despite identifying as Black. After physically passing his mother on the street and being unable to acknowledge her, Jack writes to his mother reflecting on his ability to pass. Jack acknowledges he can achieve a higher level of
254:
is the third story within the collection, detailing the return of talented violinist Roy
Williams to his hometown of Hopkinsville, Missouri. The work was originally published under the name “The Folks at Home” in the May 1934 edition of
704:
from college. The
Colonel threatens to kill Bert after publicly correcting a young White bank teller for her incorrect counting of change. Before the Colonel can act, Bert strangles him and kills him. Upon discovery of the Colonel’s
227:” is the first story within the collection. The narrative details Cora Jenkins’ life as one of the only Black persons in a rural-American town. The short story explores themes of societal discrimination based on race, class, and sex.
180:
Hughes’ stay in Carmel is marked by notable sense of deep community connection and sustenance. In a letter to close friends, Matt and Evelyn "Nebby" Crawford, he laments: "A few months ago I was worried about being undernourished in
545:“Rejuvenation Through Joy” is a narrative detailing the misadventures of Mr. Eugene Lesche, a con-artist capitalizing upon Black culture and stereotypes. Eugene and his longtime business partner Sol Blum open a jazz-themed
238:
exploration of the
Carraways, a married White artist couple, and the reductive relationship they have with Luther and Mattie, their Black employees. The short story was originally published in the September 1933 edition of
316:” is the eighth story within the collection. The story recounts consequences of Mister Clarence's, a white seaman, return to a small town on the coast of Florida to visit a former lover, a biracial Betsy.
549:, connecting the ideas of Black rhythm, happy souls, and the path to spiritual rejuvenation. Eugene Lesche’s Cult of Joy is initially wildly successful, but ultimately fails after a unsuccessul attempted
680:“One Christmas Eve" depicts Arcie and her five-year-old son's, Joe, Christmas Eve shopping trip. Arcie, intent on providing Joe an acceptable Christmas, does not notice when her son slips away to see
463:"Home" details the return of Roy Williams, a talented young jazz musician, to his hometown of Hopkinsville, Missouri. Roy has spent the last half of a decade traveling, performing with an
527:. The story concludes with the young man completing college with no means to get to dental school, as he has yet to find another occupation since his good job with Mr. Lloyd has gone.
577:. Mrs. Ellsworth demands Osceola prioritize art above else, especially Osceola’s lover, Pete. For a long period of time, Osceola conforms to Mrs. Ellsworth’s requests, moving out of
503:
hopes and plans for the future, including moving to a big city, marrying a White woman, buying a house, acknowledging only his White children, and never seeing his family again.
740:“Some of the best stories that have appeared in this country in years… the author is far and way the most talented member of his race who has ever written on his race.”
717:
Willie, Bert’s older brother. The evening papers report a double lynching of two plantation field hands for murdering
Colonel Thomas Norwood, who left no heirs.
303:
relationship between
Osceola Jones, a young Black pianist, and her patron, Mrs. Ellsworth. The short story was originally published in the May 1934 edition of
443:
Award, for Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography in Movies of the Week/Mini-Series'/Pilot for Network or Basic Broadcast TV, for his work on this film.
268:” is the fourth story within the collection. The narrative is delivered by Jack through a letter to his mother, where he reveals the complex experience of
342:” is the tenth story within the collection, detailing the lives of the lonely Miss Briggs, her little white dog Flips, and the new Black janitor, Joe.
1550:
481:
in the May 1934 edition, including the description “The story of what happens when an uppty nger has forgotten his place in his old hometown.”
573:“The Blues I’m Playing” details the relationship between Oceola Jones, a young Black piano prodigy, and Mrs. Dora Ellsworth, Oceola’s wealthy
360:” is the twelfth story within the collection, depicting the impacts of an interracial affair and the resulting child’s birth on a small
1535:
1247:
643:
634:, Arnie begins to find a community. The story ends with Arnie’s decision to leave the Pembertons mid-trip and remain in Paris.
1540:
775:"Hughes's short stories might occupy a larger place in American literature had they all lived up to the standard he set in
655:“Berry” describes Millberry Jones, a young uneducated Black man hired to work in the kitchen at an outpatient facility for
499:
489:“Passing” is a story told by Jack through a letter to his mother, revealing the complex experience of individuals that can
440:
553:. After Lesche’s disappearance, it is revealed by the tabloids that he was a Black man passing for White the entire time.
349:” is the eleventh story within the collection. The story focuses on Millberry Jones', a young Black man, time working for
876:
495:
1530:
904:
758:
109:
1061:
939:
371:” is the thirteenth story within the collection. The story examines Joe's, a young Black child, experience meeting
783:
and when he was still a passionate socialist. He could not sustain the tone of those powerful, polemical pieces."
1545:
848:
1240:
1114:
150:
386:” is the fourteenth and final story within the collection. The story details the lives and relationship of
1313:
169:. While working, he primarily lived in a cottage, fondly known as “Ennesfree.” The cottage was provided by
1204:
1368:
1306:
1214:
1124:
1090:
515:
student. The young man works for Mr. Lloyd, a well-off man with a propensity for women and liquor, as a
1454:
1320:
1271:
749:
In September 1996, upon the publication of a comprehensive edition of Hughes's short stories entitled
537:
described as “the story twelve men out of every thirteen wanted- but the thirteenth can always skip.”
490:
269:
659:
children. Berry realizes that he is overemployed and underpaid, and suspects that the sanatorium is
1233:
1509:
1352:
1209:
1149:
1119:
967:
709:, a mob forms to punish Bert for his actions. Before the mob can kill him, however, Bert commits
424:
1497:
1491:
989:
944:
713:
with the help of Cora, his mother. The mob is unfulfilled by Bert’s death, so they capture and
594:
305:
241:
205:
55:
1473:
732:
192:
Although the book is his first collection of short stories, several of the works included in
1503:
1446:
1411:
1403:
1334:
1086:
762:
698:
201:
8:
512:
417:
1183:
1039:
767:
685:
532:
477:
376:
331:
Pemberton couple. The story explores Arnie’s isolation as the only Black member of his
281:
257:
197:
162:
1031:
900:
872:
844:
754:
104:
472:
Roy, beating him to death and hanging his naked body on a tree at the edge of town.
1023:
323:” is the ninth story within the collection, describing the life of Arnie, a Black
117:
895:
Hughes, Langston (February 2016). Crawford, Evelyn; Patterson, MaryLouise (eds.).
170:
1427:
1292:
1256:
619:
516:
235:
146:
65:
37:
475:
The short story was originally published under the title “The Folks at Home” in
1419:
1395:
1299:
780:
420:
404:
209:
1144:
1524:
1327:
1278:
1035:
808:, ed. Michael Soto. New York: Peter Lang, 2008, Part II, Chapter 13, 137-144.
432:
428:
70:
593:"The Blues I'm Playing" was originally published in the May 1934 edition of
149:, published in 1934. Hughes wrote the book during a year he spent living in
26:
647:
apartment complex due to Miss Briggs’ inability to reconcile her emotions.
436:
196:
were originally printed in other publications. These publications include
1027:
681:
562:
372:
332:
328:
1187:
1171:
730:
In September 1934 in his monthly column “The Literary Landscape” of the
843:(Reprint ed.). New York: Thunder's Mouth Press. pp. 282–285.
701:
656:
524:
387:
350:
1043:
1011:
1387:
574:
520:
464:
390:
owner Colonel Thomas Norwood and his biracial, rebellious son, Bert.
300:
174:
714:
586:
concludes with an estranged-Osceola playing her own composition of
550:
511:“A Good Job Gone” is written from the perspective of a young Black
469:
299:” is the seventh story within the collection. The work details the
182:
1225:
1012:"Rejuvenation through Joy: Langston Hughes, Primitivism, and Jazz"
710:
627:
582:
1285:
793:
Hans Ostrom. "Langston Hughes's 'The Blues I'm Playing'", in a
706:
623:
614:
613:“Poor Little Black Fellow” explores the life of Arnie, a Black
578:
452:
439:, and released in 2000. Cinematographer Ernest Holzman won an
335:
community, and his experience abroad searching for connection.
324:
166:
660:
631:
587:
546:
361:
797:
ed. Thomas Riggs. Detroit: St. James Press, 1999, 770-771.
118:
530:
The short story was originally published in May 1934 in
185:. Now, I worried about being over-nourished in Carmel."
626:. Upon meeting Claudina Lawrence, a Black starlet from
608:
540:
622:
the next Fall, the Pembertons take Arnie on a trip to
869:
Poetry, Desire, and Fantasy in the Harlem Renaissance
779:
written when he was under the immediate influence of
899:. University of California Press. pp. 109–116.
568:
165:, immediately upon return from an extended trip to
736:, Herschel Brickell described the collection as:
446:
1522:
667:
234:” is the second story within the collection, a
1072:(5): 345–351 – via Internet Archive.org.
952:(3): 141–144 – via Internet Archive.org.
813:Langston Hughes: A Study of the Short Fiction.
600:
506:
1241:
692:
393:
220:The collection consists of 14 short stories:
161:He finished the book in the year he spent in
145:is a collection of fourteen short stories by
1219:, featuring three of the short stories from
1248:
1234:
441:American Society of Cinematographers (ASC)
99:248 (first edition) / 272 (1990 paperback)
25:
637:
1551:African-American short story collections
1169:
1081:
1079:
866:
272:as White, despite identifying as Black.
1009:
867:Comprone, Raphael (November 23, 2005).
1523:
1085:
1059:
987:
965:
937:
922:
894:
838:
725:
675:
484:
1229:
1145:"Cora Unashamed (2000) (TV) - Awards"
1076:
744:
1055:
1053:
1005:
1003:
983:
981:
961:
959:
918:
916:
890:
888:
862:
860:
834:
832:
830:
828:
751:The Short Stories of Langston Hughes
650:
1255:
938:Hughes, Langston (September 1933).
590:for an unimpressed Mrs. Ellsworth.
458:
13:
787:
14:
1562:
1197:
1115:"Cora Unashamed Cast and Credits"
1050:
1000:
978:
956:
913:
885:
857:
825:
795:Reference Guide to Short Fiction,
1536:American short story collections
802:Teaching The Ways of White Folks
212:, Debate, and Abbott’s Monthly.
1170:Brickell, Herschel (Sep 1934).
1163:
1137:
1107:
988:Hughes, Langston (April 1934).
806:Teaching the Harlem Renaissance
133:Scottsboro Limited (1932)
931:
720:
556:
327:left in the care of the White
1:
1060:Hughes, Langston (May 1934).
966:Hughes, Langston (May 1934).
819:
156:
1541:1934 short story collections
1314:Let America be America Again
410:
173:, one of several of Hughes’
7:
1369:Montage of a Dream Deferred
1307:Come to the Waldorf Astoria
765:, in a review published by
215:
10:
1567:
1455:The Sweet Flypaper of Life
1321:Note on Commercial Theatre
1272:The Negro Speaks of Rivers
1205:"Works by Langston Hughes"
609:"Poor Little Black Fellow"
541:"Rejuvenation Through Joy"
398:
124:PZ3.H87313 Way PS3515.U274
1484:
1465:
1438:
1379:
1344:
1263:
1176:The North American Review
1016:American Literary History
923:Hughes, Langston (1934).
871:. UPA. pp. 143–159.
839:Hughes, Langston (1956).
128:
116:
103:
95:
87:
77:
61:
51:
43:
33:
24:
1531:Works by Langston Hughes
1172:"The Literary Landscape"
777:The Ways of White Folks,
581:and devoting herself to
321:Poor Little Black Fellow
290:Rejuvenation Through Joy
210:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle
20:The Ways of White Folks
1510:Langston Hughes Society
1361:The Ways of White Folks
1353:Fine Clothes to the Jew
1221:The Ways of White Folks
1210:The American Collection
1150:Internet Movie Database
1120:The American Collection
1062:"The Blues I'm Playing"
1010:Chinitz, David (1997).
925:The Ways of White Folks
815:New York: Twayne, 1993.
569:"The Blues I'm Playing"
425:The American Collection
353:for disabled children.
194:The Ways of White Folks
142:The Ways of White Folks
16:Book by Langston Hughes
1498:Charles Henry Langston
1492:Carrie Langston Hughes
927:(1st ed.). Knopf.
785:
742:
523:and is checked into a
56:Short story collection
1546:Alfred A. Knopf books
1364:(short stories, 1934)
1089:(September 1, 1996).
1087:Donald, David Herbert
897:Letters from Langston
773:
738:
733:North American Review
297:The Blues I’m Playing
1504:John Mercer Langston
1447:Not Without Laughter
1412:Tambourines to Glory
940:"Slave on the Block"
841:I Wonder as I Wander
763:David Herbert Donald
561:In terms of African
447:"Slave on the Block"
202:The American Mercury
1066:Scribner's Magazine
968:"The Folks at Home"
945:Scribner's Magazine
726:Contemporary Review
676:“One Christmas Eve”
595:Scribner's Magazine
418:adapted into a film
306:Scribner’s Magazine
242:Scribner’s Magazine
21:
1190:– via JSTOR.
1095:The New York Times
1028:10.1093/alh/9.1.60
768:The New York Times
745:Posthumous Reviews
668:"Mother and Child"
232:Slave on the Block
163:Carmel, California
19:
1518:
1517:
990:"A Good Job Gone"
601:"Red-Headed Baby"
507:"A Good Job Gone"
369:One Christmas Eve
151:Carmel-by-the-Sea
138:
137:
88:Publication place
1558:
1335:Mississippi–1955
1250:
1243:
1236:
1227:
1226:
1218:
1192:
1191:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1101:
1083:
1074:
1073:
1057:
1048:
1047:
1007:
998:
997:
985:
976:
975:
963:
954:
953:
935:
929:
928:
920:
911:
910:
892:
883:
882:
864:
855:
854:
836:
693:"Father and Son"
517:domestic servant
429:Deborah M. Pratt
421:of the same name
394:"Cora Unashamed"
358:Mother and Child
282:Esquire Magazine
129:Preceded by
120:
112:(1990 paperback)
79:Publication date
29:
22:
18:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1480:
1461:
1434:
1428:Jerico-Jim Crow
1375:
1340:
1293:The Weary Blues
1259:
1257:Langston Hughes
1254:
1203:
1200:
1195:
1168:
1164:
1155:
1153:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1129:
1127:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1099:
1097:
1091:"Good Race Men"
1084:
1077:
1058:
1051:
1008:
1001:
986:
979:
964:
957:
936:
932:
921:
914:
907:
893:
886:
879:
865:
858:
851:
837:
826:
822:
790:
788:Further reading
747:
728:
723:
695:
678:
670:
653:
640:
611:
603:
571:
559:
551:double-homicide
543:
509:
487:
461:
449:
413:
401:
396:
379:movie theater.
314:Red-Headed Baby
277:A Good Job Done
236:tongue-in-cheek
218:
208:, Opportunity,
159:
147:Langston Hughes
83:June 18th, 1934
80:
69:
68:(first edition)
38:Langston Hughes
17:
12:
11:
5:
1564:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1512:
1507:
1501:
1495:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1474:Way Down South
1469:
1467:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1451:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1424:
1420:Black Nativity
1416:
1408:
1400:
1392:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1373:
1365:
1357:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1338:
1331:
1324:
1317:
1310:
1303:
1296:
1289:
1282:
1275:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1253:
1252:
1245:
1238:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1199:
1198:External links
1196:
1194:
1193:
1182:(3): 279–288.
1162:
1136:
1106:
1075:
1049:
999:
977:
955:
930:
912:
905:
884:
878:978-0761833581
877:
856:
849:
823:
821:
818:
817:
816:
809:
798:
789:
786:
781:D. H. Lawrence
746:
743:
727:
724:
722:
719:
694:
691:
677:
674:
669:
666:
652:
649:
639:
636:
610:
607:
602:
599:
570:
567:
558:
555:
542:
539:
508:
505:
486:
483:
460:
457:
448:
445:
412:
409:
405:whooping-cough
400:
397:
395:
392:
384:Father and Son
225:Cora Unashamed
217:
214:
158:
155:
136:
135:
130:
126:
125:
122:
114:
113:
107:
101:
100:
97:
93:
92:
89:
85:
84:
81:
78:
75:
74:
63:
59:
58:
53:
49:
48:
45:
41:
40:
35:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1563:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1511:
1508:
1506:(great uncle)
1505:
1502:
1500:(grandfather)
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1356:(poems, 1927)
1355:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1311:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1297:
1294:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1279:Mother to Son
1276:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1251:
1246:
1244:
1239:
1237:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1222:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1166:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1140:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1110:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1082:
1080:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1056:
1054:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1006:
1004:
995:
991:
984:
982:
973:
969:
962:
960:
951:
947:
946:
941:
934:
926:
919:
917:
908:
906:9780520285347
902:
898:
891:
889:
880:
874:
870:
863:
861:
852:
846:
842:
835:
833:
831:
829:
824:
814:
811:Hans Ostrom.
810:
807:
803:
800:Hans Ostrom.
799:
796:
792:
791:
784:
782:
778:
772:
770:
769:
764:
760:
759:0-8090-1603-6
756:
752:
741:
737:
735:
734:
718:
716:
712:
708:
703:
700:
690:
687:
683:
673:
665:
662:
658:
648:
645:
635:
633:
629:
625:
621:
616:
606:
598:
596:
591:
589:
584:
580:
576:
566:
564:
554:
552:
548:
538:
536:
534:
528:
526:
522:
518:
514:
504:
501:
497:
492:
482:
480:
479:
473:
471:
466:
456:
454:
444:
442:
438:
434:
433:Regina Taylor
430:
426:
422:
419:
408:
406:
391:
389:
385:
380:
378:
374:
370:
365:
363:
359:
354:
352:
348:
343:
341:
336:
334:
330:
326:
322:
317:
315:
310:
309:
307:
302:
298:
293:
291:
286:
284:
283:
278:
273:
271:
267:
262:
260:
259:
253:
248:
247:
246:
243:
237:
233:
228:
226:
221:
213:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
190:
186:
184:
178:
176:
172:
171:Noel Sullivan
168:
164:
154:
152:
148:
144:
143:
134:
131:
127:
123:
121:
119:LC Class
115:
111:
110:0-679-72817-1
108:
106:
102:
98:
94:
91:United States
90:
86:
82:
76:
72:
67:
64:
60:
57:
54:
50:
46:
42:
39:
36:
32:
28:
23:
1472:
1453:
1445:
1426:
1418:
1410:
1404:Street Scene
1402:
1394:
1386:
1372:(poems 1951)
1367:
1360:
1359:
1351:
1220:
1208:
1179:
1175:
1165:
1154:. Retrieved
1148:
1139:
1128:. Retrieved
1118:
1109:
1098:. Retrieved
1094:
1069:
1065:
1022:(1): 60–78.
1019:
1015:
993:
971:
949:
943:
933:
924:
896:
868:
840:
812:
805:
801:
794:
776:
774:
766:
750:
748:
739:
731:
729:
696:
684:in a nearby
679:
671:
654:
641:
638:"Little Dog"
612:
604:
592:
572:
560:
544:
531:
529:
510:
488:
476:
474:
462:
450:
437:Cherry Jones
427:directed by
414:
402:
383:
381:
368:
366:
357:
355:
346:
344:
339:
337:
320:
318:
313:
311:
304:
296:
294:
289:
287:
280:
276:
274:
265:
263:
256:
251:
249:
244:
240:
231:
229:
224:
222:
219:
193:
191:
187:
179:
160:
141:
140:
139:
132:
1345:Collections
682:Santa Claus
563:primitivism
557:Primitivism
431:, starring
333:New England
329:upper-class
1525:Categories
1156:2010-07-15
1130:2010-07-15
1100:2010-07-15
850:0938410369
820:References
702:plantation
686:White-only
661:defrauding
525:sanatorium
388:plantation
377:White-only
351:sanatorium
340:Little Dog
206:Scribner’s
157:Background
1388:Mule Bone
1036:0896-7148
721:Reception
521:psychosis
485:"Passing"
465:orchestra
411:Reception
301:patronage
62:Publisher
1494:(mother)
1337:" (1955)
1330:" (1951)
1323:" (1940)
1316:" (1938)
1309:" (1931)
1302:" (1926)
1295:" (1926)
1288:" (1925)
1281:" (1922)
1274:" (1921)
1188:25114509
974:: 36–37.
771:, wrote:
657:disabled
513:Columbia
500:economic
216:Contents
183:Tashkent
44:Language
1485:Related
1396:Mulatto
1300:Pierrot
994:Esquire
972:Esquire
711:suicide
699:Georgia
651:"Berry"
644:Swedish
628:Atlanta
583:pianism
533:Esquire
478:Esquire
470:lynches
399:Summary
367:XIII. “
312:VIII. “
270:passing
266:Passing
258:Esquire
198:Esquire
175:patrons
71:Vintage
47:English
1477:(1939)
1458:(1955)
1450:(1930)
1439:Novels
1431:(1964)
1423:(1961)
1415:(1956)
1407:(1947)
1399:(1935)
1391:(1931)
1328:Harlem
1286:I, Too
1186:
1044:490095
1042:
1034:
903:
875:
847:
757:
707:murder
624:Europe
615:orphan
579:Harlem
575:patron
496:social
459:"Home"
453:Kansas
382:XIV. “
364:town.
356:XII. “
325:orphan
295:VII. “
250:III. “
167:Russia
73:(1990)
34:Author
1466:Films
1380:Plays
1264:Poems
1184:JSTOR
1040:JSTOR
996:: 46.
804:, in
715:lynch
632:Paris
630:, in
588:blues
423:from
375:in a
373:Santa
347:Berry
345:XI. “
319:IX. “
288:VI. “
264:IV. “
252:Home”
230:II. “
96:Pages
66:Knopf
52:Genre
1032:ISSN
901:ISBN
873:ISBN
845:ISBN
755:ISBN
620:Fisk
547:cult
498:and
491:pass
435:and
362:Ohio
338:X. “
275:V. “
223:I. “
105:ISBN
1215:PBS
1180:238
1125:PBS
1024:doi
761:),
177:.
1527::
1213:.
1207:.
1178:.
1174:.
1147:.
1123:.
1117:.
1093:.
1078:^
1070:95
1068:.
1064:.
1052:^
1038:.
1030:.
1018:.
1014:.
1002:^
992:.
980:^
970:.
958:^
948:.
942:.
915:^
887:^
859:^
827:^
597:.
285:.
261:.
204:,
200:,
1333:"
1326:"
1319:"
1312:"
1305:"
1298:"
1291:"
1284:"
1277:"
1270:"
1249:e
1242:t
1235:v
1217:.
1159:.
1133:.
1103:.
1046:.
1026::
1020:9
950:9
909:.
881:.
853:.
753:(
535:,
308:.
245:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
