2516:
2371:
2004:
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1698:
2865:, the decision was made by secret ballot among the Achaeans. In all story versions, the arms were awarded to Odysseus. Driven mad with grief, Ajax desired to kill his comrades, but Athena caused him to mistake for the Achaean warriors the cattle and their herdsmen. In his frenzy he scourged two rams, believing them to be Agamemnon and Menelaus. In the morning, he came to his senses and killed himself by jumping on the sword that had been given to him by Hector, so that it pierced his armpit, his only vulnerable part. According to an older tradition, he was killed by the Trojans who, seeing he was invulnerable, attacked him with clay until he was covered by it and could no longer move, thus dying of starvation.
2740:
2649:. During the next days, however, the Trojans drove the Achaeans back to their camp and were stopped at the Achaean wall by Poseidon. The next day, though, with Zeus' help, the Trojans broke into the Achaean camp and were on the verge of setting fire to the Achaean ships. An earlier appeal to Achilles to return was rejected, but after Hector burned Protesilaus' ship, he allowed his companion Patroclus to go into battle wearing Achilles' armour and lead his army. Patroclus drove the Trojans all the way back to the walls of Troy, and was only prevented from storming the city by the intervention of Apollo. Patroclus was then killed by Hector, who took Achilles' armour from the body of Patroclus.
2701:
3294:
3759:
2680:, and a battle of the gods followed. The Trojan army returned to the city, except for Hector, who remained outside the walls because he was tricked by Athena. Achilles killed Hector, and afterwards he dragged Hector's body from his chariot and refused to return the body to the Trojans for burial. The body nevertheless remained unscathed as it was preserved from all injury by Apollo and Aphrodite. The Achaeans then conducted funeral games for Patroclus. Afterwards, Priam came to Achilles' tent, guided by Hermes, and asked Achilles to return Hector's body. The armies made a temporary truce to allow the burial of the dead. The
62:
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3342:
661:
1558:
1432:
1931:
2637:, came to Agamemnon to ask for the return of his daughter. Agamemnon refused, and insulted Chryses, who prayed to Apollo to avenge his ill-treatment. Enraged, Apollo afflicted the Achaean army with plague. Agamemnon was forced to return Chryseis to end the plague, and took Achilles' concubine Briseis as his own. Enraged at the dishonour Agamemnon had inflicted upon him, Achilles decided he would no longer fight. He asked his mother, Thetis, to intercede with Zeus, who agreed to give the Trojans success in the absence of Achilles, the best warrior of the Achaeans.
7356:
2653:
1474:, inscribed "for the fairest". Each of the goddesses claimed to be the "fairest", and the rightful owner of the apple. They submitted the judgment to a shepherd they encountered tending his flock. Each of the goddesses promised the young man a boon in return for his favour: power, wisdom, or love. The youth—in fact Paris, a Trojan prince who had been raised in the countryside—chose love, and awarded the apple to Aphrodite. As his reward, Aphrodite caused Helen, the Queen of Sparta, and most beautiful of all women, to fall in love with Paris. The
3033:
1483:
2266:
2994:
3907:
Achilles's campaigns in the North Aegean and
Telamonian Ajax's campaigns in Thrace and Phrygia. Most of these regions were part of Assuwa. That most Achaean heroes did not return to their homes and founded colonies elsewhere was interpreted by Thucydides as being due to their long absence. Nowadays the interpretation followed by most scholars is that the Achaean leaders driven out of their lands by the turmoil at the end of the Mycenaean era preferred to claim descent from exiles of the Trojan War.
2784:, who took one of Memnon's blows to save his father Nestor. Achilles and Memnon then fought. Zeus weighed the fate of the two heroes; the weight containing that of Memnon sank, and he was slain by Achilles. Achilles chased the Trojans to their city, which he entered. The gods, seeing that he had killed too many of their children, decided that it was his time to die. He was killed after Paris shot a poisoned arrow that was guided by Apollo. In another version he was killed by a knife to the back (or
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1713:
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1771:
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1653:, that, like his father Cronus, he would be overthrown by one of his sons. Another prophecy stated that a son of the sea-nymph Thetis, with whom Zeus fell in love after gazing upon her in the oceans off the Greek coast, would become greater than his father. For one or both of these reasons, either upon Zeus' orders or because she wished to please Hera, who had raised her, Thetis was betrothed to an elderly human king, Peleus, son of
2936:
1690:, because of a prophecy that he would be the downfall of Troy. After bathing in the spring of Ida, the goddesses appeared to him naked, either for the sake of winning or at Paris' request. Paris was unable to decide among them, so the goddesses resorted to bribes. Athena offered Paris wisdom, skill in battle, and the abilities of the greatest warriors; Hera offered him political power and control of all of
3325:
her lover to kill
Agamemnon. Cassandra foresaw this murder, and warned Agamemnon, but he disregarded her. He was killed, either at a feast or in his bath, according to different versions. Cassandra was also killed. Agamemnon's son Orestes, who had been away, returned and conspired with his sister Electra to avenge their father. He killed Clytemnestra and Aegisthus and succeeded to his father's throne.
7966:
1052:
2792:, daughter of Priam, in the temple of Thymbraean Apollo, the site where he had earlier killed Troilus. Both versions conspicuously deny the killer any sort of valour, saying Achilles remained undefeated on the battlefield. His bones were mingled with those of Patroclus, and funeral games were held. Like Ajax, Achilles is represented as living after his death in the island of
1686:("To the fairest"). The apple was claimed by Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite. They quarrelled bitterly over it, and none of the other gods would venture an opinion favouring one, for fear of earning the enmity of the other two. Eventually, Zeus ordered Hermes to lead the three goddesses to Paris, a prince of Troy, who, unaware of his ancestry, was being raised as a shepherd on
2394:
due to lack of money. They raided the Trojan allies and spent time farming the
Thracian peninsula. Troy was never completely besieged, thus it maintained communications with the interior of Asia Minor. Reinforcements continued to come until the very end. The Achaeans controlled only the entrance to the Dardanelles, and Troy and her allies controlled the shortest point at
2833:
between the two competitors, referred the dispute to the decision of the Trojan prisoners, inquiring of them which of the two heroes had done most harm to the
Trojans. Alternatively, the Trojans and Pallas Athena were the judges in that, following Nestor's advice, spies were sent to the walls to overhear what was said. A girl said that Ajax was braver:
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lives of the demi-gods, that the children of the gods should not mate with wretched mortals, seeing their fate with their own eyes; but that the blessed gods henceforth even as aforetime should have their living and their habitations apart from men. But on those who were born of immortals and of mankind verily Zeus laid toil and sorrow upon sorrow.
2092:
3454:, came to Ithaca and plundered the island. Odysseus, attempting to fight off the attack, was killed by his unrecognised son. After Telegonus realised he had killed his father, he brought the body to his mother Circe, along with Telemachus and Penelope. Circe made them immortal; then Telegonus married Penelope and Telemachus married Circe.
1378:, and the Cyclic Epics, the myths of the Trojan War were passed on orally in many genres of poetry and through non-poetic storytelling. Events and details of the story that are only found in later authors may have been passed on through oral tradition and could be as old as the Homeric poems. Visual art, such as
3317:, a shape-shifting sea god, to find out what sacrifices to which gods he would have to make to guarantee safe passage. According to some stories the Helen who was taken by Paris was a fake, and the real Helen was in Egypt, where she was reunited with Menelaus. Proteus also told Menelaus that he was destined for
2338:, landed first. Odysseus had tricked him, in throwing his own shield down to land on, so that while he was first to leap off his ship, he was not the first to land on Trojan soil. Hector killed Protesilaus in single combat, though the Trojans conceded the beach. In the second wave of attacks, Achilles killed
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The historicity of the Trojan War, including whether it occurred at all and where Troy was located if it ever existed, is still subject to debate. Most classical Greeks thought that the war was a historical event, but many believed that the
Homeric poems had exaggerated the events to suit the demands
2663:
Achilles, maddened with grief over the death of
Patroclus, swore to kill Hector in revenge. The exact nature of Achilles' relationship to Patroclus is the subject of some debate. Although certainly very close, Achilles and Patroclus are never explicitly cast as lovers by Homer, but they were depicted
2550:
Odysseus had never forgiven
Palamedes for threatening the life of his son. In revenge, Odysseus conceived a plot where an incriminating letter was forged, from Priam to Palamedes, and gold was planted in Palamedes' quarters. The letter and gold were "discovered", and Agamemnon had Palamedes stoned to
2405:
Achilles and Ajax were the most active of the
Achaeans, leading separate armies to raid lands of Trojan allies. According to Homer, Achilles conquered 11 cities and 12 islands. According to Apollodorus, he raided the land of Aeneas in the Troäd region and stole his cattle. He also captured Lyrnassus,
2393:
The
Achaeans besieged Troy for nine years. This part of the war is the least developed among surviving sources, which prefer to talk about events in the last year of the war. After the initial landing the army was gathered in its entirety again only in the tenth year. Thucydides deduces that this was
2082:
Some scholars have regarded the expedition against
Telephus and its resolution as a derivative reworking of elements from the main story of the Trojan War, but it has also been seen as fitting the story-pattern of the "preliminary adventure" that anticipates events and themes from the main narrative,
3817:
texts that date to the time of the Trojan War. While they give a general description of the political situation in the region at the time, their information on whether this particular conflict took place is limited. Andrew Dalby notes that while the Trojan War most likely did take place in some form
3324:
Agamemnon returned home with Cassandra to Argos. His wife Clytemnestra (Helen's sister) was having an affair with Aegisthus, son of Thyestes, Agamemnon's cousin who had conquered Argos before Agamemnon himself retook it. Possibly out of vengeance for the death of Iphigenia, Clytemnestra plotted with
3755:, which he and others believed to be Troy, and of the Mycenaean cities of Greece. Today many scholars agree that the Trojan War is based on a historical core of a Greek expedition against the city of Troy, but few would argue that the Homeric poems faithfully represent the actual events of the war.
3279:
According to Homer, Idomeneus reached his house safe and sound. Another tradition later formed. After the war, Idomeneus's ship hit a horrible storm. Idomeneus promised Poseidon that he would sacrifice the first living thing he saw when he returned home if Poseidon would save his ship and crew. The
2980:
warned against keeping the horse. While Cassandra had been given the gift of prophecy by Apollo, she was also cursed by Apollo never to be believed. Serpents then came out of the sea and devoured either Laocoön and one of his two sons, Laocoön and both his sons, or only his sons, a portent which so
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After the withdrawal of Achilles, the Achaeans were initially successful. Both armies gathered in full for the first time since the landing. Menelaus and Paris fought a duel, which ended when Aphrodite snatched the beaten Paris from the field. With the truce broken, the armies began fighting again.
1988:
went to retrieve Achilles. Achilles' mother disguised him as a woman so that he would not have to go to war, but, according to one story, they blew a horn, and Achilles revealed himself by seizing a spear to fight intruders, rather than fleeing. According to another story, they disguised themselves
3543:
The Trojan survivors escape with a number of ships, seeking to establish a new homeland elsewhere. They land in several nearby countries that prove inhospitable, and are finally told by an oracle that they must return to the land of their forebears. They first try to establish themselves in Crete,
2078:
and held him for ransom, demanding the wound be healed. Achilles refused, claiming to have no medical knowledge. Odysseus reasoned that the spear that had inflicted the wound must be able to heal it. Pieces of the spear were scraped off onto the wound, and Telephus was healed. Telephus then showed
3024:
The Trojans, fuelled with desperation, fought back fiercely, despite being disorganised and leaderless. With the fighting at its height, some donned fallen enemies' attire and launched surprise counterattacks in the chaotic street fighting. Other defenders hurled down roof tiles and anything else
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A great battle raged around the dead Achilles. Ajax held back the Trojans, while Odysseus carried the body away. When Achilles' armour was offered to the smartest warrior, the two that had saved his body came forward as competitors. Agamemnon, unwilling to undertake the invidious duty of deciding
2119:
Agamemnon refused, and the other commanders threatened to make Palamedes commander of the expedition. According to some versions, Agamemnon relented and performed the sacrifice, but others claim that he sacrificed a deer in her place, or that at the last moment, Artemis took pity on the girl, and
1603:
Now all the gods were divided through strife; for at that very time Zeus who thunders on high was meditating marvelous deeds, even to mingle storm and tempest over the boundless earth, and already he was hastening to make an utter end of the race of mortal men, declaring that he would destroy the
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When the Trojans discovered that the Greeks were gone, believing the war was over, they "joyfully dragged the horse inside the city", while they debated what to do with it. Some thought they ought to hurl it down from the rocks, others thought they should burn it, while others said they ought to
2676:. He was reconciled with Agamemnon and received Briseis back, untouched by Agamemnon. He received a new set of arms, forged by the god Hephaestus, and returned to the battlefield. He slaughtered many Trojans, and nearly killed Aeneas, who was saved by Poseidon. Achilles fought with the river god
2064:. Because the wound would not heal, Telephus asked an oracle, "What will happen to the wound?" The oracle responded, "he that wounded shall heal". The Achaean fleet then set sail and was scattered by a storm. Achilles landed in Skyros and married Deidamia. A new gathering was set again in Aulis.
1274:. There is no single, authoritative text which tells the entire events of the war. Instead, the story is assembled from a variety of sources, some of which report contradictory versions of the events. The most important literary sources are the two epic poems traditionally credited to Homer, the
3155:
Ajax the Lesser, who had endured more than the others the wrath of the Gods, never returned. His ship was wrecked by a storm sent by Athena, who borrowed one of Zeus' thunderbolts and tore the ship to pieces. The crew managed to land in a rock but Poseidon struck it and Ajax fell in the sea and
3906:
were forced to abandon the lands they controlled in the coast of the Aegean. It is possible that the Trojan War was a conflict between the king of Ahhiyawa and the Assuwa confederation. This view has been supported in that the entire war includes the landing in Mysia (and Telephus' wounding),
2573:
sailed to the Troäd and asked for justice, but was refused. In revenge, Nauplius travelled among the Achaean kingdoms and told the wives of the kings that they were bringing Trojan concubines to dethrone them. Many of the Greek wives were persuaded to betray their husbands, most significantly
3556:(since according to tradition Carthage was founded in 814 BC, the arrival of Trojan refugees a few hundred years earlier exposes chronological difficulties within the mythic tradition). Eventually the gods order Aeneas to continue onward, and he and his people arrive at the mouth of the
3113:
The gods were very angry over the destruction of their temples and other sacrilegious acts by the Achaeans, and decided that most would not return home. A storm fell on the returning fleet off Tenos island. Nauplius, in revenge for the murder of his son Palamedes, set up false lights in
4076:
notes developments that were made in the intervening ten years since his first edition was published. Scholarly skepticism about Schliemann's identification has been dispelled by the more recent archaeological discoveries, linguistic research, and translations of clay-tablet records of
1921:
Menelaus then asked Agamemnon to help him enforce the oath of Helen's suitors, which was to defend her marriage, regardless of which suitor was chosen. Agamemnon agreed, and sent emissaries to all the Achaean kings and princes to call them to observe their oath and retrieve Helen.
2897:
vied over the hand of Helen. Deiphobus prevailed, and Helenus abandoned Troy for Mount Ida. Calchas said that Helenus knew the prophecies concerning the fall of Troy, so Odysseus waylaid Helenus. Under coercion, Helenus told the Achaeans that they would win if they retrieved
1808:, he suggested that Tyndareus require all of Helen's suitors to promise that they would defend the marriage of Helen, regardless of whom he chose. The suitors duly swore the required oath on the severed pieces of a horse, although not without a certain amount of grumbling.
1725:
had prophesied that Troy could not again fall without his help. A number of sources credit Thetis with attempting to make Achilles immortal when he was an infant. Some of these state that she held him over fire every night to burn away his mortal parts and rubbed him with
1521:. The Achaeans slaughtered the Trojans, except for some of the women and children whom they kept or sold as slaves and desecrated the temples, thus earning the gods' wrath. Few of the Achaeans returned safely to their homes and many founded colonies in distant shores. The
2280:
Philoctetes was Heracles' friend, and because he lit Heracles's funeral pyre when no one else would, he received Heracles' bow and arrows. He sailed with seven ships full of men to the Trojan War, where he was planning on fighting for the Achaeans. They stopped either at
3054:, who had given hospitality to Menelaus and Odysseus when they asked for the return of Helen, and who had advocated so, was spared, along with his family. Aeneas took his father on his back and fled, and, according to Apollodorus, was allowed to go because of his piety.
2736:, a simple soldier and the ugliest Achaean, taunted Achilles over his grief and gouged out Penthesilea's eyes. Achilles slew Thersites, and after a dispute sailed to Lesbos, where he was purified for his murder by Odysseus after sacrificing to Apollo, Artemis, and Leto.
3028:
Neoptolemus killed Priam, who had taken refuge at the altar of Zeus of the Courtyard. Menelaus killed Deiphobus, Helen's husband after Paris' death, and also intended to kill Helen, but, overcome by her beauty, threw down his sword and took her to the ships.
3189:
Neoptolemus, following the advice of Helenus, who accompanied him when he travelled over land, was always accompanied by Andromache. He met Odysseus and they buried Achilles' teacher Phoenix on the land of the Ciconians. They then conquered the land of the
1793:, who had been either raped or seduced by Zeus in the form of a swan. Accounts differ over which of Leda's four children, two pairs of twins, were fathered by Zeus and which by Tyndareus. However, Helen is usually credited as Zeus' daughter, and sometimes
2909:
The Greeks retrieved Pelops' bones, and sent Odysseus to retrieve Neoptolemus, who was hiding from the war in King Lycomedes's court in Skyros. Odysseus gave him his father's arms. Eurypylus, son of Telephus, leading, according to Homer, a large force of
1720:
Peleus and Thetis bore a son, whom they named Achilles. It was foretold that he would either die of old age after an uneventful life, or die young in a battlefield and gain immortality through poetry. Furthermore, when Achilles was nine years old,
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argued that while the war was historical, it ended with the Trojans winning, and the Greeks attempted to hide that fact. Around 1870 it was generally agreed in Western Europe that the Trojan War had never happened and Troy never existed. Then
3667:
Since this war was considered among the ancient Greeks as either the last event of the mythical age or the first event of the historical age, several dates are given for the fall of Troy. They usually derive from genealogies of kings.
3072:
down from the walls of Troy, either out of cruelty and hate or to end the royal line, and the possibility of a son's revenge. They (by usual tradition Neoptolemus) also sacrificed the Trojan princess Polyxena on the grave of Achilles.
2889:
After the tenth year, it was prophesied that Troy could not fall without Heracles' bow, which was with Philoctetes in Lemnos. Odysseus and Diomedes retrieved Philoctetes, whose wound had healed. Philoctetes then shot and killed Paris.
1811:
Tyndareus chose Menelaus. Menelaus was a political choice on her father's part. He had wealth and power. He had humbly not petitioned for her himself, but instead sent his brother Agamemnon on his behalf. He had promised Aphrodite a
2964:
grove sacred to Apollo, with the inscription: "The Greeks dedicate this thank-offering to Athena for their return home". The hollow horse was filled with soldiers led by Odysseus. The rest of the army burned the camp and sailed for
1742:, making him invulnerable wherever he was touched by the water. Because she had held him by the heel, it was not entirely immersed during the bathing and thus the heel remained mortal and vulnerable to injury (hence the expression "
2168:
that differs somewhat but agrees in numbers. Some scholars have claimed that Homer's catalogue is an original Bronze Age document, possibly the Achaean commander's order of operations. Others believe it was a fabrication of Homer.
2040:, a snake slithered from the altar to a sparrow's nest in a plane tree nearby. It ate the mother and her nine chicks, then was turned to stone. Calchas interpreted this as a sign that Troy would fall in the tenth year of the war.
1694:; and Aphrodite offered him the love of the most beautiful woman in the world, Helen of Sparta. Paris awarded the apple to Aphrodite, and, after several adventures, returned to Troy, where he was recognised by his royal family.
2349:
The walls served as sturdy fortifications for defence against the Greeks. The build of the walls was so impressive that legend held that they had been built by Poseidon and Apollo during a year of forced service to Trojan King
3144:, who had the best conduct in Troy and did not take part in the looting, was the only hero who had a fast and safe return. Those of his army that survived the war also reached home with him safely but later left and colonised
3222:, where he was buried. In Roman myths, the kingdom of Phtia was taken over by Helenus, who married Andromache. They offered hospitality to other Trojan refugees, including Aeneas, who paid a visit there during his wanderings.
3587:, who has Virgil act as his narrator's guide. Aeneas is given a vision of the future majesty of Rome, which it was his duty to found, and returns to the world of the living. He negotiates a settlement with the local king,
3707:, was destroyed around 1180 BC; it was long considered a poorer city, and dismissed as a candidate for Homeric Troy, but since the excavation campaign of 1988, it has come to be regarded as the most likely candidate.
5258:
3791:. Their conclusion was that there is regularly a consistency between the location of Troy as identified by Schliemann (and other locations such as the Greek camp), the geological evidence, and descriptions of the
2590:
Near the end of the ninth year since the landing, the Achaean army, tired from the fighting and from the lack of supplies, mutinied against their leaders and demanded to return to their homes. According to the
3047:
raped Cassandra on Athena's altar while she was clinging to her statue. Because of Ajax's impiety, the Acheaens, urged by Odysseus, wanted to stone him to death, but he fled to Athena's altar, and was spared.
4131:
It is unknown whether this Proclus is the Neoplatonic philosopher, in which case the summary dates to the 5th century AD, or whether he is the lesser-known grammarian of the 2nd century AD. See Burgess, p.
1842:
According to one account, Hera, still jealous over the judgement of Paris, sent a storm. The storm caused the lovers to land in Egypt, where the gods replaced Helen with a likeness of her made of clouds,
1478:
earned him the ire of both Hera and Athena, and when Helen left her husband, Menelaus, the Spartan king, for Paris of Troy, Menelaus called upon all the kings and princes of Greece to wage war upon Troy.
2103:
Eight years after the storm had scattered them, the fleet of more than a thousand ships was gathered again. When they had all reached Aulis, the winds ceased. The prophet Calchas stated that the goddess
1733:
According to some versions of this story, Thetis had already killed several sons in this manner, and Peleus' action therefore saved his son's life. Other sources state that Thetis bathed Achilles in the
1827:
Paris, under the guise of a supposed diplomatic mission, went to Sparta to get Helen and bring her back to Troy. Before Helen could look up to see him enter the palace, she was shot with an arrow from
2547:
Odysseus was sent to Thrace to return with grain, but came back empty-handed. When scorned by Palamedes, Odysseus challenged him to do better. Palamedes set out and returned with a shipload of grain.
3548:
had once settled, but find it ravaged by the same plague that had driven Idomeneus away. They find the colony led by Helenus and Andromache, but decline to remain. After seven years they arrive in
2732:), and according to one version, Achilles himself, who was resurrected at the request of Thetis. In another version, Penthesilia was killed by Achilles, who would later mourn her after her death.
2108:
was punishing Agamemnon for killing either a sacred deer or a deer in a sacred grove, and boasting that he was a better hunter than she. The only way to appease Artemis, he said, was to sacrifice
2921:
Disguised as a beggar, Odysseus went to spy inside Troy, but was recognised by Helen. Homesick, Helen plotted with Odysseus. Later, with Helen's help, Odysseus and Diomedes stole the Palladium.
3170:, son of Telamon and half-brother of Ajax, stood trial by his father for his half-brother's death. He was disowned by his father and was not allowed back on Salamis Island. He was at sea near
6121:
Pausanias 5.13.4–6, says that Pelop's shoulder-blade was brought to Troy from Pisa, and on its return home was lost at sea, later to be found by a fisherman, and identified as Pelop's by the
1958:
outwitted him by placing Telemachus, then an infant, in front of the plough's path. Odysseus turned aside, unwilling to kill his son, so revealing his sanity and forcing him to join the war.
7145:
3921:
The inspiration provided by these events produced many literary works, far more than can be listed here. The siege of Troy provided inspiration for many works of art, most famously Homer's
3178:. He was acquitted of responsibility but found guilty of negligence because he did not return his dead body or his arms. He left with his army (who took their wives) and founded Salamis in
7988:
3280:
first living thing he saw was his son, whom Idomeneus duly sacrificed. The gods were angry at his murder of his own son and they sent a plague to Crete. His people sent him into exile to
5461:
According to other accounts Odysseus, with the other Greek captains, including Agamemnon, conspired together against Palamedes, as all were envious of his accomplishments. See Simpson,
2162:' ships only had the fifty rowers, these probably being maximum and minimum. These numbers would mean a total force of 70,000 to 130,000 men. Another catalogue of ships is given by the
3210:
also claimed to be descended from Heracles. Helenus founded a city in Molossia and inhabited it, and Neoptolemus gave him his mother Deidamia as wife. After Peleus died he succeeded
2985:, an Achaean spy, signalled the fleet stationed at Tenedos when "it was midnight and the clear moon was rising" and the soldiers from inside the horse emerged and killed the guards.
3826:(Achaea, or Greece) that lies beyond the sea (that would be the Aegean) and controls Milliwanda, which is identified with Miletus. Also mentioned in this and other letters is the
3313:, Menelaus's fleet was blown by storms to Crete and Egypt, where they were unable to sail away because the winds were calm. Only five of his ships survived. Menelaus had to catch
1226:
remains an open question. Many scholars believe that there is a historical core to the tale, though this may simply mean that the Homeric stories are a fusion of various tales of
1816:, a sacrifice of 100 oxen, if he won Helen, but forgot about it and earned her wrath. Menelaus inherited Tyndareus' throne of Sparta with Helen as his queen when her brothers,
5255:
3383:. For this sacrilege Odysseus' ships were destroyed, and all his men perished. Odysseus had not eaten the cattle, and was allowed to live; he washed ashore on the island of
2330:
Calchas had prophesied that the first Achaean to walk on land after stepping off a ship would be the first to die. Thus even the leading Greeks hesitated to land. Finally,
2539:). They were absorbed in the game and oblivious to the surrounding battle. The Trojans attacked and reached the heroes, who were only saved by an intervention of Athena.
2248:, and the allied contingents are said to have spoken many languages, requiring orders to be translated by their individual commanders. The Trojans and Achaeans in the
2025:
of Cyprus. Though he sent breastplates to Agamemnon and promised to send 50 ships, he sent only one real ship, led by the son of Mygdalion, and 49 ships made of clay.
6254:
a figure of 3,000, a number that Simpson, p. 265, calls "absurd", saying that the surviving fragments only say that the Greeks put their "best men" inside the horse.
2462:
Kakrides comments that the list is wrong in that it extends too far into the south. Other sources talk of Achilles taking Pedasus, Monenia, Mythemna (in Lesbos), and
2533:
Numerous paintings on pottery have suggested a tale not mentioned in the literary traditions. At some point in the war Achilles and Ajax were playing a board game (
3560:
in Italy. Dido commits suicide, and Aeneas's betrayal of her was regarded as an element in the long enmity between Rome and Carthage that expressed itself in the
3360:. Odysseus and his men were blown far off course to lands unknown to the Achaeans; there Odysseus had many adventures, including the famous encounter with the
8067:
5599:
2029:
was willing to lead the Cretan contingent in Mycenae's war against Troy, but only as a co-commander, which he was granted. The last commander to arrive was
3230:
1910:, Paris was emboldened by these examples to steal himself a wife from Greece, and expected no retribution, since there had been none in the other cases.
1588:, and had many relationships from which many children were born. Since Zeus believed that there were too many people populating the earth, he envisioned
2307:, son of Apollo, despite a warning by his mother that if he did so he would be killed himself by Apollo. From Tenedos, Agamemnon sent an embassy to the
1660:
All of the gods were invited to Peleus and Thetis' wedding and brought many gifts, except Eris (the goddess of discord), who was stopped at the door by
7751:
7171:
Kraft, J. C.; Rapp, G. (Rip); Kayan, I.; Luce, J. V. (2003). "Harbor areas at ancient Troy: Sedimentology and geomorphology complement Homer's Iliad".
4047:
2981:
alarmed the followers of Aeneas that they withdrew to Ida. The Trojans decided to keep the horse and turned to a night of mad revelry and celebration.
2515:
3866:) which is addressed to the king of Ahhiyawa actually says: "Now as we have reached agreement on the matter of Wilusa over which we went to war-..."
3406:, who died in his lap. He then discovered that his wife, Penelope, had been faithful to him during the 20 years he was absent, despite the countless
3025:
heavy down on the rampaging attackers. The outlook was grim though, and eventually the remaining defenders were destroyed along with the whole city.
1989:
as merchants bearing trinkets and weaponry, and Achilles was marked out from the other women for admiring weaponry instead of clothes and jewellery.
1080:
2645:
and nearly killing Aeneas, who was only saved by his mother, Aphrodite. With the assistance of Athena, Diomedes then wounded the gods Aphrodite and
7149:
2358:, or Ephorbus as his slayer. The Achaeans buried him as a god on the Thracian peninsula, across the Troäd. After Protesilaus' death, his brother,
1804:
Finally, one of the suitors, Odysseus of Ithaca, proposed a plan to solve the dilemma. In exchange for Tyndareus' support of his own suit towards
660:
3844:
river. While the identification of Wilusa with Ilium (that is, Troy) is always controversial, in the 1990s it gained majority acceptance. In the
2599:, son of Apollo, who had the gift of producing by touch wine, wheat, and oil from the earth, in order to relieve the supply problem of the army.
7418:, translated by Sir James George Frazer, two volumes, Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press and London: William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. Volume 1:
4447:
4424:
2289:, along with the rest of the fleet. Then Philoctetes was bitten by a snake. The wound festered and had a foul smell; on Odysseus's advice, the
1918:
According to Homer, Menelaus and his ally, Odysseus, travelled to Troy, where they unsuccessfully sought to recover Helen by diplomatic means.
7781:
7567:) translated by W. H. S. Jones; Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. (1918). Vol 1, Books I–II,
7410:
4102:
Now, more than ever, in the 125 years since Schliemann put his spade into Hisarlik, there appears to be a historical basis to the tale of Troy
3777:
of the region that had started in 1977. The geologists compared the present geology with the landscapes and coastal features described in the
5414:
2370:
7681:
7628:
7446:
5388:
3422:
to ensure it was him, and he forgave her. The next day the suitors' relatives tried to take revenge on him but they were stopped by Athena.
8292:
7555:
7498:
7474:
2252:
share the same religion, same culture and the enemy heroes speak to each other in the same language, though this could be dramatic effect.
7525:
1938:
where Odysseus (Ulysses) discovers Achilles dressed as a woman and hiding among the princesses at the royal court of Skyros. A late Roman
3446:
leaves off, beginning with the burial of the dead suitors, and continues until the death of Odysseus. Some years after Odysseus' return,
3171:
5566:
4410:
3241:. The Athenians, unaware that they were allies, attacked them. Many were killed, and Demophon took the Palladium. He finally landed in
7238:
3126:
Agamemnon had made it back to Argos safely with Cassandra in his possession after some stormy weather. He and Cassandra were slain by
2918:
or Mysians according to Apollodorus, arrived to aid the Trojans. Eurypylus killed Machaon and Peneleos, but was slain by Neoptolemus.
2003:
8113:
1505:
troops to Troy and besieged the city for ten years because of Paris' insult. After the deaths of many heroes, including the Achaeans
3470:
The journey of the Trojan survivor Aeneas and his resettling of Trojan refugees in Italy are the subject of the Latin epic poem the
2873:
7208:
1746:" for an isolated weakness). He grew up to be the greatest of all mortal warriors. After Calchas' prophecy, Thetis hid Achilles in
7613:
5362:
8502:
7258:
4470:
7688:, translated by Horace Leonard Jones; Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. (1924)
8482:
8446:
1754:, where he was disguised as a girl. At a crucial point in the war, she assists her son by providing weapons divinely forged by
1525:
later traced their origin to Aeneas, Aphrodite's son and one of the Trojans, who was said to have led the surviving Trojans to
8047:
6504:
403–406. The rape of Cassandra was a popular theme of ancient Greek paintings; see Pausanias, 1.15.2, 5.11.6, 5.19.5, 10.26.3.
1238:. Those who believe that the stories of the Trojan War are derived from a specific historical conflict usually date it to the
8082:
7290:
5576:
4026:
4016:
3916:
2387:
1073:
151:
7296:
6270:
xii.314–335, gives the names of thirty, and says that there were more. In late tradition it seems it was standardized at 40.
3276:. After making war on the Leucanians he founded there a sanctuary of Apollo the Wanderer, to whom also he dedicated his bow.
1995:
said that, according to Homer, Achilles did not hide in Skyros, but rather conquered the island, as part of the Trojan War.
8144:
8057:
8031:
7661:, Arthur Sanders Way (Ed. & Trans.), Loeb Classics #19; Harvard University Press, Cambridge MA. (1913). (1962 edition:
3418:, a local singer who had only been forced to help the suitors against Penelope. Penelope tested Odysseus with his unstrung
625:
3036:
Menelaus captures Helen in Troy, Ajax the Lesser drags Cassandra from Palladium before the eyes of Priam (fresco from the
3008:
The Achaeans entered the city and killed the sleeping population. A great massacre followed which continued into the day.
1151:(Books II – XXIII) describes a period of four days and two nights in the tenth year of the decade-long siege of Troy; the
8105:
2354:. Protesilaus had killed many Trojans but was killed by Hector in most versions of the story, though others list Aeneas,
1961:
According to Homer, however, Odysseus supported the military adventure from the beginning, and travelled the region with
7127:
2566:
says that Odysseus and Diomedes lured Palamedes into a well, which they said contained gold, then stoned him to death.
1363:, after the composition of the Homeric poems, though it is widely believed that they were based on earlier traditions.
8672:
8014:
7947:
7939:
7924:
7916:
7899:
7883:
7868:
7860:
7846:
7821:
7806:
7798:
7724:
7709:
7666:
7596:
7588:
7580:
7572:
7541:
7462:
7431:
7423:
7399:
7391:
5549:
4095:
3284:
in Italy, and then to Colophon, in Asia Minor, where he died. Among the lesser Achaeans very few reached their homes.
42:
1697:
1409:, wrote a number of dramas that portray episodes from the Trojan War. Among Roman writers the most important is the
1200:. By the mid-19th century AD, both the war and the city were widely seen as non-historical, but in 1868, the German
8285:
7855:
7383:
2164:
1355:. The authorship of the Cyclic Epics is uncertain. It is generally thought that the poems were written down in the
1066:
8071:
5593:
2903:
2739:
1532:
The following summary of the Trojan War follows the order of events as given in Proclus' summary, along with the
642:
7194:
5158:
3264:
Philoctetes, due to a sedition, was driven from his city and emigrated to Italy, where he founded the cities of
4087:
2595:, Achilles forced the army to stay. According to Apollodorus, Agamemnon brought the Wine Growers, daughters of
1219:. On the basis of excavations conducted by Schliemann and others, this claim is now accepted by most scholars.
17:
3696:
12 Thargelion (26 May) while others give the 23rd of Sciroforion (7 July) or the 23rd of Ponamos (7 October).
2154:, ships with 50 rowers. Thucydides says that according to tradition there were about 1200 ships, and that the
4043:
3703:
by many twentieth century AD authors, and destroyed about 1275 BC, probably by an earthquake. Its successor,
3202:, to whom he later gave the throne. Thus the kings of Epirus claimed their lineage from Achilles, and so did
3199:
1446:
Traditionally, the Trojan War arose from a sequence of events beginning with a quarrel between the goddesses
1223:
7732:
3738:, who is known for being critical, considers it a true event but doubts that 1,186 ships were sent to Troy.
3057:
The Greeks then burned the city and divided the spoils. Cassandra was awarded to Agamemnon. Neoptolemus got
2772:, came with his host to help his stepbrother Priam. He did not come directly from Ethiopia, but either from
2724:. She was purified from this action by Priam, and in exchange she fought for him and killed many, including
2700:
1627:
1596:, who was to use the Trojan War as a means to depopulate the Earth, especially of his demigod descendants.
123:
3293:
3225:
Diomedes was first thrown by a storm on the coast of Lycia, where he was to be sacrificed to Ares by king
3182:. The Athenians later created a political myth that his son left his kingdom to Theseus' sons (and not to
2776:
in Persia, conquering all the peoples in between, or from the Caucasus, leading an army of Ethiopians and
8702:
8667:
8557:
8527:
8451:
8428:
8278:
7654:
3447:
2729:
1955:
3233:, the king's daughter, took pity upon him, and assisted him in escaping. He then accidentally landed in
2314:
Philoctetes stayed on Lemnos for ten years, which was a deserted island according to Sophocles' tragedy
8692:
8512:
5153:
3076:
2233:
1393:, and other intellectuals would create works inspired by the Trojan War. The three great tragedians of
1014:
360:
3595:. This triggered a war with other local tribes, which culminated in the founding of the settlement of
3410:
that were eating his food and spending his property. With the help of his son Telemachus, Athena, and
8717:
8662:
8370:
7830:
Karykas, Pantelis, 2003. Μυκηναίοι Πολεμιστές ("Mycenean Warriors"), Communications Editions, Athens.
4444:
4421:
3704:
3576:
3321:(Heaven) after his death. Menelaus returned to Sparta with Helen eight years after he had left Troy.
2813:
1029:
77:
7778:
7407:
7317:Ιστορία του Ελληνικού Έθνους (History of the Greek Nation) Volume A. Athens: Ekdotiki Athinon, 1968.
7282:
Letters of the Great Kings of the Ancient Near East: The Royal Correspondence of the Late Bronze Age
3402:
Once in his home land, Odysseus travelled disguised as an old beggar. He was recognised by his dog,
2311:
king of Troy composed of Menelaus and Odysseus, asking for Helen's return. The embassy was refused.
1631:
8722:
8712:
8707:
8652:
8487:
8137:
7996:
7992:
7976:
7790:
4208:
Translated by Evelyn-White, H. G. Loeb Classical Library Volume 57. London: William Heinemann, 1914
4079:
4073:
3998:(2004). The war has also been featured in many books, television series, and other creative works.
3716:
3553:
2501:
2454:; then Endium, and Linaeum, and Colone. He took also Hypoplacian Thebes and Lyrnessus, and further
2379:
2057:
1985:
1255:
1134:
680:
618:
559:
61:
8038:
Maybe so. From Archeology, a publication of the Archaeological Institute of America. May/June 2004
7676:
7441:
5418:
1345:. Though these poems survive only in fragments, their content is known from a summary included in
8380:
8332:
7838:
7625:
7552:
7493:
7469:
5392:
4990:Ιστορία του Ελληνικού Έθνους (History of the Greek Nation) vol. A, Ekdotiki Athinon, Athens 1968.
3988:
3903:
3758:
3529:
3515:
2414:; it was said that if he reached 20 years of age, Troy would not fall. According to Apollodorus,
2148:
1250:, 1194–1184 BC, which roughly correspond to archaeological evidence of a catastrophic burning of
38:
7520:
3341:
1835:, and fell in love with Paris when she saw him, as promised by Aphrodite. Menelaus had left for
8727:
8697:
8687:
8605:
8587:
8562:
8421:
7564:
7547:
5523:
3656:
3545:
3526:
of Troy, which the historical Romans claimed to preserve as guarantees of Rome's own security.
2664:
as such in the archaic and classical periods of Greek literature, particularly in the works of
2018:
1992:
1668:
1557:
1024:
530:
5541:
3813:
Since the twentieth century, scholars have attempted to draw conclusions based on Hittite and
2485:
and brought back to Troy. Only 12 days later Achilles slew him, after the death of Patroclus.
1302:
following the sack of Troy and contains several flashbacks to particular episodes in the war.
8609:
8601:
8551:
8543:
8301:
8111:
A New Astronomical Dating Of The Trojan War's End, Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry
2474:
2074:, and either pretended to be a beggar, asking Agamemnon to help heal his wound, or kidnapped
1778:
1045:
964:
933:
7457:, with an English translation by David Kovacs. Cambridge. Harvard University Press. (1996).
6368:
5.17 says that Cassandra warned of an armed force inside the horse, and that Laocoön agreed.
4407:
2447:
1801:, and her father was unwilling to choose one for fear the others would retaliate violently.
1431:
8547:
8539:
8474:
8327:
7233:
7182:
3982:
3964:
3943:
3933:
3693:
3480:, Virgil has his hero give a first-person account of the fall of Troy in the second of the
3391:. After seven years, the gods decided to send Odysseus home; on a small raft, he sailed to
3215:
2570:
1977:
1702:
974:
921:
597:
525:
7255:
4467:
3414:, the swineherd, he killed all of them except Medon, who had been polite to Penelope, and
2952:
The end of the war came with one final plan. Odysseus devised a new ruse –
2652:
2469:
Among the loot from these cities was Briseis, from Lyrnessus, who was awarded to him, and
2048:
When the Achaeans left for the war, they did not know the way, and accidentally landed in
1930:
8:
8647:
8375:
8317:
8218:
8194:
8130:
8070:
The location of Troy and possible connections with the city of Teuthrania. Archived from
3948:
3762:
3748:
3677:
3600:
3407:
3388:
3203:
3106:
2780:. Like Achilles, he wore armour made by Hephaestus. In the ensuing battle, Memnon killed
2725:
2177:
1794:
1212:
1204:
849:
726:
700:
611:
577:
369:
7355:
7212:
7186:
8677:
8461:
8360:
8258:
8234:
7607:
5366:
3298:
3242:
3141:
3080:
2757:
2657:
2656:
Triumphant Achilles dragging Hector's body around Troy, from a panoramic fresco of the
2395:
2335:
2270:
2132:
1973:
1966:
1875:
1614:
1581:
1475:
820:
341:
288:
240:
169:
116:
8110:
3742:
started changing Greek myths at will, including those of the Trojan War. Near AD 100,
3032:
8682:
8572:
8395:
8385:
8106:
Warburg Institute Iconographic Database (about 2500 images related to the Trojan War)
7943:
7935:
7920:
7912:
7895:
7879:
7864:
7842:
7827:
Kakridis, J., 1988. Ελληνική Μυθολογία ("Greek mythology"), Ekdotiki Athinon, Athens.
7817:
7802:
7794:
7720:
7705:
7662:
7639:
7592:
7584:
7576:
7568:
7537:
7458:
7427:
7419:
7395:
7286:
7173:
6263:
5572:
5545:
4091:
4022:
3819:
3624:
3226:
3134:
and Orestes later avenged their father but Orestes was the one who was chased by the
3096:
3037:
2902:' bones, persuaded Achilles' son Neoptolemus to fight for them, and stole the Trojan
2785:
2777:
2300:
1817:
1743:
1526:
1346:
1299:
1165:, which have survived through fragments. Episodes from the war provided material for
1114:
540:
321:
190:
31:
7984:
3349:
2504:, one of Priam's children, of whom he had custody. He then attacked the town of the
2180:, consisting of the Trojans themselves, led by Hector, and various allies listed as
1482:
8627:
8597:
8582:
8507:
8436:
8352:
8337:
8051:
7190:
6122:
3938:
3927:
3870:
3681:
3537:
2824:
2265:
1859:. Paris, fearful of getting caught, spent some time there and then sailed to Troy.
1798:
1790:
1739:
1735:
1502:
1459:
1267:
1231:
1170:
1102:
690:
587:
520:
394:
270:
137:
8086:
2993:
2303:
took control of Philoctetes's men. While landing on Tenedos, Achilles killed king
1855:, while for Homer the Helen in Troy was one and the same. The ship then landed in
1129:. The war is one of the most important events in Greek mythology, and it has been
8535:
8416:
8117:
8035:
8028:
7785:
7685:
7658:
7632:
7617:
7559:
7529:
7502:
7478:
7450:
7414:
7280:
7262:
7242:
5262:
4474:
4451:
4428:
4414:
3837:
3692:
gives 1334 BC. As for the exact day Ephorus gives 23/24 Thargelion (6 or 7 May),
3689:
3646:
3604:
3214:'s throne. He had a feud with Orestes (son of Agamemnon) over Menelaus' daughter
3051:
3044:
2630:
2619:
2527:
2427:
2286:
2245:
2241:
2181:
1098:
650:
545:
535:
505:
284:
5674:
Ptolemy Hephaestion, New History Bk6 (as summarized in Photius, Myriobiblon 190)
3619:. The Trojan origins of Rome became particularly important in the propaganda of
2512:. Ajax also hunted the Trojan flocks, both on Mount Ida and in the countryside.
1954:. In order to avoid the war, he feigned madness and sowed his fields with salt.
8517:
8405:
8400:
8309:
8061:
3974:
3743:
3726:
3511:
3115:
1903:
1871:
1573:
1510:
1440:
1367:
1185:
1106:
957:
890:
373:
250:
7911:, edited by Martin M. Winkler. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 2007 (hardcover,
3079:, Theseus' mother and one of Helen's handmaids, was rescued by her grandsons,
2615:
8657:
8641:
8615:
8365:
8342:
8322:
7360:
6308:, says that the Trojans pulled down a part of their walls to admit the horse.
3892:
3814:
3620:
3608:
3568:
3206:, whose mother was of that royal house. Alexander the Great and the kings of
3130:(in the oldest versions of the story) or by Clytemnestra or by both of them.
2439:
2419:
2282:
2112:, who was either the daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, or of Helen and
1712:
1379:
1208:
1166:
1118:
1101:
that took place around the 12th or 13th century BC. The war was waged by the
945:
779:
230:
175:
8092:
6555:, says Odysseus killed Astyanax, while Pausanias, 10.25.9, says Neoptolemus.
3840:
implies this city lies on the north of the Assuwa confederation, beyond the
3352:: the Cyclops' curse delays the homecoming of Odysseus for another ten years
2808:
1950:
Since Menelaus's wedding, Odysseus had married Penelope and fathered a son,
1770:
1701:
Thetis gives her son Achilles weapons forged by Hephaestus (detail of Attic
8577:
8567:
8410:
8201:
8095:
8077:
7644:
7533:
6255:
3881:
3770:
3652:
2953:
2940:
2930:
2473:, from Hypoplacian Thebes, who was awarded to Agamemnon. Achilles captured
2451:
1821:
1522:
1518:
1471:
1351:
1329:
1323:
1247:
1056:
878:
180:
143:
3752:
2060:
to settle there. In the battle, Achilles wounded Telephus, who had killed
8592:
8522:
8497:
8492:
8441:
7892:
The Trojan War: Literature and Legends from the Bronze Age to the Present
7737:
Fr. 149 (Austin) and the Folk-Tale Origins of the Teuthranian Expedition"
6250:
5.14, says the hollow horse held 50, but attributes to the author of the
3994:
3969:
3869:
Formerly under the Hittites, the Assuwa confederation defected after the
3830:
confederation made of 22 cities and countries which included the city of
3787:
3685:
3579:, where the shade of his dead father serves as a guide; this book of the
3494:
Aeneas leads a group of survivors away from the city, among them his son
3419:
3403:
3149:
3145:
2997:
2961:
2709:
2331:
2159:
2151:
2140:
2011:
1981:
1852:
1785:
The most beautiful woman in the world was Helen, one of the daughters of
1619:
1562:
1201:
1189:
916:
839:
351:
130:
7509:, edited by Whitney J. Oates and Eugene O'Neill, Jr. in two volumes. 1.
7485:, edited by Whitney J. Oates and Eugene O'Neill, Jr. in two volumes. 1.
2641:
Diomedes won great renown amongst the Achaeans, killing the Trojan hero
2508:
king Teleutas, killed him in single combat and carried off his daughter
2477:, son of Priam, while he was cutting branches in his father's orchards.
8469:
8390:
8213:
8153:
8099:
8041:
7719:. Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK: Pen and Sword Books, 2006 (hardcover,
7369:
6525:
xiii.322–331, Livy, 1.1; Pausanias, 10.26.8, 27.3 ff.; Strabo, 13.1.53.
6075:
3792:
3735:
3700:
3640:
3596:
3561:
3396:
3364:
3191:
3058:
2781:
2497:
2435:
2197:
2144:
2061:
1951:
1913:
1755:
1691:
1642:
1390:
1386:
1306:
1294:
covers a short period in the last year of the siege of Troy, while the
1235:
1162:
1130:
1019:
952:
873:
582:
412:
331:
185:
102:
3818:
and is therefore grounded in history, its true nature is unknown. The
3721:
2977:
8270:
8189:
7516:
7437:
6059:
5148:
3845:
3739:
3376:
3368:
3258:
3246:
3127:
2894:
2878:
2761:
2733:
2721:
2677:
2669:
2665:
2623:
2575:
2478:
2463:
2455:
2217:
2213:
2189:
2109:
2026:
1943:
1907:
1879:
1786:
1751:
1687:
1667:
Insulted, she threw from the door a gift of her own: a golden apple (
1494:
1455:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1317:
1271:
1161:, one of the war's heroes. Other parts of the war are described in a
940:
861:
774:
510:
500:
470:
445:
326:
275:
265:
260:
220:
71:
3802:
3253:. According to later traditions, he had some adventures and founded
3101:
2120:
took her to be a maiden in one of her temples, substituting a lamb.
1862:
8253:
8170:
7995:
external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into
7146:"Yale University: Introduction to Ancient Greek History: Lecture 2"
3855:) the king of the city is named Alaksandu, and Paris's name in the
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3549:
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3495:
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3433:
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during the day, but Peleus discovered her actions and stopped her.
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755:
743:
733:
721:
705:
515:
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432:
255:
245:
235:
225:
67:
3000:, son of Achilles, kills King Priam (detail of Attic black-figure
2346:. The Trojans then fled to the safety of the walls of their city.
2096:
1382:, was another medium in which myths of the Trojan War circulated.
8241:
8206:
5993:
3774:
3765:
was the first man to locate Troy at the mound known as Hisarlık
3669:
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Ajax, son of Telamon, laid waste the Thracian peninsula of which
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844:
827:
815:
803:
786:
761:
592:
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355:
346:
195:
3925:, set in the last year of the siege. Some of the others include
2838:
For Aias took up and carried out of the strife the hero, Peleus'
2481:
sold him as a slave in Lemnos, where he was bought by Eetion of
8225:
8165:
8102:
and others on historicity, history and archaeology of the war.
7672:
7455:
Euripides: Children of Heracles, Hippolytus, Andromache, Hecuba
4744:
Il.11.767–770, (lines rejected by Aristophanes and Aristarchus)
3859:(among other works) is Alexander. The Tawagalawa letter (dated
3832:
3827:
3782:
3518:
is killed during the sack of the city. Aeneas also carries the
3487:
s twelve books; the Trojan Horse, which does not appear in the
3472:
3465:
3384:
3380:
3273:
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3219:
3195:
3183:
3179:
3167:
3119:
3084:
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2862:
2848:
shoulder; but she could not fight. For she would fail with fear
2797:
2717:
2563:
2482:
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2399:
2339:
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738:
685:
550:
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427:
422:
407:
336:
316:
311:
200:
107:
7771:
The Hinge Factor:How Chance and Stupidity Have Changed History
7649:
7513:, translated by E. P. Coleridge. New York. Random House. 1938.
7489:, translated by E. P. Coleridge. New York. Random House. 1938.
5478:
3.8, Odysseus forced a Phrygian prisoner, to write the letter.
4389:
4387:
3699:
The glorious and rich city Homer describes was believed to be
3356:
Odysseus' ten-year journey home to Ithaca was told in Homer's
8246:
8230:
8182:
8177:
8122:
7934:. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998 (paperback,
6666:
6664:
5309:
3616:
3584:
3572:
3557:
3519:
3507:
3451:
3372:
3211:
3161:
2982:
2844:
Why, what is this you say? A thing against reason and untrue!
2793:
2747:
2673:
2610:
2596:
2534:
2443:
2308:
2304:
2229:
2139:. They consisted of 28 contingents from mainland Greece, the
2049:
1962:
1887:
1883:
1856:
1836:
1832:
1681:
1676:
1589:
1290:
centuries BC. Each poem narrates only a part of the war. The
1227:
1143:
1138:
1004:
769:
695:
306:
96:
5719:
5717:
4865:
4863:
3729:, Ahhiyawa (possibly the Achaeans (Homer)) and Wilusa (Troy)
2956:, an animal that was sacred to the Trojans. It was built by
2856:
Scholiast on Aristophanes, Knights 1056 and Aristophanes ib)
2846:
Even a woman could carry a load once a man had put it on her
1462:, the goddess of discord, was not invited to the wedding of
1305:
Other parts of the Trojan War were told in the poems of the
7702:
The Tradition of the Trojan War in Homer and the Epic Cycle
7388:
Gods & Heroes of the Greeks: The Library of Apollodorus
7195:
10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0163:HAAATS>2.0.CO;2
5489:
Gods & Heroes of the Greeks: The Library of Apollodorus
5463:
Gods & Heroes of the Greeks: The Library of Apollodorus
4384:
3841:
3807:
3630:
3611:: three hundred years later, in the more famous tradition,
2939:
The earliest known depiction of the Trojan Horse, from the
2773:
2646:
1828:
1585:
1569:
1447:
1366:
Both the Homeric epics and the Epic Cycle take origin from
1178:
1110:
475:
465:
455:
417:
7816:, Penguin (Non-Classics); Cmb/Rep edition (6 April 1993).
6661:
2500:, a son-in-law of Priam, was king. Polymestor surrendered
2008:
The Discovery of Achilles among the Daughters of Lycomedes
37:"Fall of Troy" redirects here. For the American band, see
7536:(translator), Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1920;
5714:
4860:
3769:
In November 2001, geologist John C. Kraft and classicist
3688:
1212 BC, Herodotus around 1250 BC, Eretes 1291 BC, while
2769:
1820:, became gods, and when Agamemnon married Helen's sister
5538:
The Tribal Imagination: Civilization and the Savage Mind
2695:
2091:
1847:. The myth of Helen being switched is attributed to the
1266:
The events of the Trojan War are found in many works of
1211:, who convinced Schliemann that Troy was at what is now
6611:
107–125, 218–224, 391–393, 521–582; Quintus Smyrnaeus,
2116:
entrusted to Clytemnestra when Helen married Menelaus.
7620:
translated by H.G. Evelyn-White, 1914 (public domain).
2893:
According to Apollodorus, Paris' brothers Helenus and
2716:, arrived with her warriors. Penthesilea, daughter of
2318:, but according to earlier tradition was populated by
2269:
Philoctetes on Lemnos, with Heracles' bow and quiver (
1544:, supplemented with details drawn from other authors.
1192:
and that the Trojan War was a historical event of the
3379:, Odysseus' men ate the cattle sacred to the sun-god
7835:
Troy and Homer: Towards a Solution of an Old Mystery
5661:
5659:
3891:–1210 BC) campaigned against this federation. Under
2083:
and therefore as likely to be "early and integral".
1914:
Gathering of Achaean forces and the first expedition
7878:. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006 (hardcover,
7793:and London: William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. Volume 1:
4323:
2574:Agamemnon's wife, Clytemnestra, who was seduced by
1489:(1759–1762), oil painting by Johann Georg Trautmann
666:
Theseus slays the Minotaur under the gaze of Athena
7170:
6300:5.16, as translated by Simpson, p. 246. Proculus,
3799:, although of course this could be a coincidence.
3013:Blood ran in torrents, drenched was all the earth,
2410:, and many of the neighbouring cities, and killed
2131:The Achaean forces are described in detail in the
1870:Paris' abduction of Helen had several precedents.
7979:may not follow Knowledge's policies or guidelines
7544:. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library].
5656:
3773:presented the results of investigations into the
1984:. Odysseus, Telamonian Ajax, and Achilles' tutor
1298:concerns Odysseus's return to his home island of
8639:
4044:"Troy VII and the Historicity of the Trojan War"
3297:The murder of Agamemnon (1879 illustration from
2842:To this another replied by Athena's contrivance:
2446:, the so-called Hundred Cities; then, in order,
2021:. All the suitors sent their forces except King
2728:(according to Pausanias, Machaon was killed by
2056:, son of Heracles, who had led a contingent of
1765:
1584:. Zeus was not faithful to his wife and sister
7128:"LacusCurtius • Dio Chrysostom – Discourse 11"
6972:, New York: Emory and Waugh, volume III p. 244
6041:says Odysseus and Neoptolemus, while Proclus,
8286:
8138:
7773:. Coronet Books; New Ed edition (7 Oct 1999).
6641:5.22; Pausanias, 10.25.8; Quintus Smyrnaeus,
6437:xiii. 100–104, Translation by A.S. Way, 1913.
3249:committing adultery. In disgust, he left for
3198:) and Neoptolemus had a child by Andromache,
2720:and Ares, had accidentally killed her sister
2562:drowned Palamedes, while he was fishing, and
2488:
1169:and other works of Greek literature, and for
1074:
619:
6496:5.22; Pausanias 10.31.2; Quintus Smyrnaeus,
4141:Burgess, pp. 10–12; cf. W. Kullmann (1960),
3627:through Aeneas's son Iulus (hence the Latin
2821:
1898:had been taken by Heracles, who gave her to
1599:These can be supported by Hesiod's account:
1517:and Paris, the city fell to the ruse of the
8083:The Trojan War: A Prologue to Homer's Iliad
7372:depicting scenes from Trojan War narratives
5277:3.33; translation, Sir James George Frazer.
5224:
5018:
5003:
3644:
3628:
3017:Here were men lying quelled by bitter death
2877:A fresco depicting Odysseus, Diomedes, and
1998:
1580:; Cronus in turn had overthrown his father
8293:
8279:
8145:
8131:
7909:Troy: From Homer's Iliad to Hollywood Epic
7744:Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik
7269:, 12 December 2006. Accessed 30 June 2008.
7227:
5146:
4998:
4996:
3662:
3491:, became legendary from Virgil's account.
2244:; the Carians are specifically said to be
1081:
1067:
626:
612:
8015:Learn how and when to remove this message
6445:
6443:
6326:
6324:
6322:
6320:
6318:
6316:
6314:
5911:
5909:
5907:
5905:
5903:
5529:
4760:
3751:popularised his excavations at Hisarlık,
3615:founded Rome after murdering his brother
3061:, wife of Hector, and Odysseus was given
3019:All up and down the city in their blood.
2960:and guided by Athena, from the wood of a
2840:son: this great Odysseus cared not to do.
1716:Musician figures from clay in Troy Museum
1243:
1239:
1197:
1193:
7889:
7354:
5686:
5684:
5682:
5680:
5645:
5643:
5564:
3801:
3757:
3720:
3528:
3340:
3292:
3100:
3031:
3015:As Trojans and their alien helpers died.
2992:
2934:
2872:
2807:
2738:
2699:
2651:
2614:
2514:
2402:and communicated with allies in Europe.
2369:
2264:
2090:
2002:
1929:
1925:
1861:
1769:
1711:
1696:
1618:
1556:
1481:
1430:
1188:believed that Troy was located near the
7201:
5011:
4993:
4747:
3734:of poetry. For instance, the historian
3676:1172 BC, Eratosthenes 1184 BC/1183 BC,
3068:The Achaeans threw Hector's infant son
2704:Achilles killing the Amazon Penthesilea
2147:islands, Crete, and Ithaca, comprising
2124:says that Iphigenia became the goddess
1848:
1360:
1356:
1287:
1283:
14:
8640:
8300:
7730:
6440:
6311:
6201:
5900:
5568:Achilles in Love: Intertextual Studies
4622:
4620:
4618:
4616:
4614:
4612:
4610:
4608:
4606:
4604:
3980:Films based on the Trojan War include
3476:by Virgil. Writing during the time of
2365:
1309:, also known as the Cyclic Epics: the
1246:, often preferring the dates given by
8274:
8126:
7390:, translated by Michael Simpson, The
7365:
7278:
6262:641–650, gives a figure of 23, while
5677:
5640:
5591:
4014:
3917:Trojan War in literature and the arts
3910:
3781:and other classical sources, notably
3607:attempted to reconcile two different
3510:, his faithful sidekick Achates, and
3498:(also known as Iulus), his trumpeter
2882:
2696:Penthesilea and the death of Achilles
2542:
2519:Achilles and Ajax engaged in a game,
2388:Naples National Archaeological Museum
2386:, fresco, 1st century AD, now in the
2017:The Achaean forces first gathered at
1824:and took back the throne of Mycenae.
1797:is credited as her mother. Helen had
1608:
1547:
1410:
152:Trojan War in literature and the arts
8503:Pyrrhus' invasion of the Peloponnese
8078:The Greek Age of Bronze "Trojan war"
7959:
7209:"Geologists show Homer got it right"
5602:from the original on 20 October 2021
5540:. Harvard University Press. p.
5348:Dictis Cretensis ii. 18; Sophocles,
4078:
4021:. Taylor & Francis. p. 37.
3623:, whose family claimed descent from
3599:, ruled by Aeneas and Lavinia's son
3156:drowned. He was buried by Thetis in
3118:(also known today as Cavo D'Oro, in
3105:Poseidon smites Ajax the Lesser, by
2708:Shortly after the burial of Hector,
2255:
1370:. Even after the composition of the
7651:Quintus Smyrnaeus: The Fall of Troy
6517:3.203–207, 7.347–353; Apollodorus,
5535:
4601:
4050:from the original on 9 January 2023
3710:
3268:, Old Crimissa, and Chone, between
2803:
2633:, a priest of Apollo and father of
2086:
1470:, and so arrived bearing a gift: a
24:
8483:Antigonid–Nabataean confrontations
7626:Proclus' Summary of the Epic Cycle
7376:
7350:
6058:Philoctetes was cured by a son of
6021:This is according to Apollodorus,
5217:
5161:from the original on 23 April 2021
5147:Cartwright, Mark (2 August 2012).
4041:
3795:and accounts of the battle in the
3552:, where Aeneas has an affair with
3399:, who gave him passage to Ithaca.
3288:
2752:) in the gardens of the Achilleion
2687:
1675:) on which was inscribed the word
1270:and depicted in numerous works of
25:
8739:
8068:The Historicity of the Trojan War
7955:
7861:University of Massachusetts Press
7854:Gods & Heroes of the Greeks:
7757:from the original on 14 June 2007
7693:
7392:University of Massachusetts Press
7299:from the original on 5 April 2023
7256:Was The Iliad written by a woman?
5992:9.325–479), or by Paris' brother
5984:Either by Calchas, (Apollodorus,
5233:issue 14, June–July 2004, Athens.
4320:P.Oxy. 56, 3829 (L. Koppel, 1989)
3387:, and lived there with the nymph
3303:Stories from the Greek Tragedians
1789:, King of Sparta. Her mother was
43:The Fall of Troy (disambiguation)
7964:
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6102:
6089:
6052:
6015:
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5952:
5939:
5926:
5887:
5874:
5862:
5853:
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5827:
5814:
5805:
5792:
5783:
5770:
5757:
5748:
5739:
5730:
5701:
5668:
5627:
5614:
5585:
5558:
5516:
5507:
5494:
5481:
5468:
5455:
5442:
5433:
4979:History of the Pelloponesian War
4018:The Trojans and their neighbours
3873:between Egypt and the Hittites (
3367:, and an audience with the seer
2812:The suicide of Ajax depicted on
2684:ends with the funeral of Hector.
2554:However, Pausanias, quoting the
2079:the Achaeans the route to Troy.
1282:, composed sometime between the
1050:
1039:
659:
60:
27:Legendary war in Greek mythology
7015:Chronographiai FGrHist 241 F 1d
5407:
5381:
5355:
5342:
5329:
5316:
5302:
5289:
5280:
5267:
5245:
5236:
5208:
5199:
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5173:
5140:
5127:
5118:
5105:
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5083:
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5057:
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5026:
4984:
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4898:
4885:
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4851:
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4829:
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4786:
4777:
4738:
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4703:
4694:
4681:
4668:
4655:
4642:
4629:
4588:
4571:
4554:
4545:
4532:
4515:
4508:Pausanias 1.33.1; Apollodorus,
4502:
4493:
4480:
4457:
4434:
4400:
4375:
4358:
4349:
4336:
4314:
4301:
4284:
4267:
4254:
4233:
4220:
4211:
4192:
4179:
4166:
3591:, and was wed to his daughter,
2988:
2924:
2293:ordered Philoctetes to stay on
1637:Zeus came to learn from either
1552:
201:Aeneas and the Founding of Rome
8152:
8058:Mortal Women of the Trojan War
5020:Η ναυτική ηγεμονία των Μυκηνών
4368:298; Div. i. 21; Apollodorus,
4203:Catalogue of Women Fra asgment
4189:3.1, Hesiod Fragment 204,95ff.
4157:
4148:
4135:
4125:
4116:
4107:
4088:University of California Press
4062:
4035:
4008:
3655:" presented frequently by the
3575:leads Aeneas on an archetypal
2442:; and afterwards Aegialus and
2362:, took command of his troops.
2260:
1759:
1568:According to Greek mythology,
1413:poet Virgil; in Book 2 of his
1157:describes the journey home of
13:
1:
7876:The Trojan War: A New History
7789:, two volumes, Cambridge MA:
6594:709–739, 1133–1135; Hyginus,
6411:Scholiast on Lycophroon, 344.
5226:"Τα όπλα του Τρωϊκού Πολέμου"
4956:5 (as summarized in Photius,
4564:4 (as summarized in Photius,
4068:In the second edition of his
4001:
3896:
3885:
3874:
3860:
3849:
3806:The walls of late Bronze Age
3122:) and many were shipwrecked.
2943:
2868:
2626:for his daughter (360–350 BC)
2520:
2033:, who was then 15 years old.
1946:, Spain, 4th–5th centuries AD
1738:, the river that runs to the
1224:historicity of the Trojan War
8048:The Legend of the Trojan War
7942:); London: BBC Books, 1985 (
7894:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland.
6062:, either Machaon, (Proclus,
5487:Pausanias 10.31.2; Simpson,
5223:Papademetriou Konstantinos,
4086:(2 ed.). Berkeley, CA:
2748:
2535:
2135:, in the second book of the
2099:(Troas) in modern-day Turkey
1839:to bury his uncle, Crateus.
1766:Elopement of Paris and Helen
1682:
1628:Hendrick van Balen the Elder
1097:was a legendary conflict in
7:
8452:Wars of Alexander the Great
7932:In Search of the Trojan War
7700:Burgess, Jonathan S. 2004.
7583:; Vol 3, Books VI–VIII.21,
7115:In Search of the Trojan War
6521:, 5.21; Quintus Smyrnaeus,
5571:. Oxford University Press.
5450:Scholium on Virgil's Aeneid
5295:Demetrius (2nd century BC)
5205:Scholiast on Lycophron 532.
4084:In Search of the Trojan War
4077:contemporaneous diplomacy.
4070:In Search of the Trojan War
3880:). In 1230 BC Hittite king
3564:and led to Roman hegemony.
3425:
2954:a giant hollow wooden horse
2788:) by Paris, while marrying
2043:
1576:by overthrowing his father
1423:narrates the sack of Troy.
10:
8744:
7890:Thompson, Diane P (2004).
7856:The Library of Apollodorus
7776:Frazer, Sir James George,
7591:; Vol 4, Books VIII.22–X,
7285:. Routledge. p. 198.
6793:Tzetzes ad Lycophroon 609.
6398:xii.444–497; Apollodorus,
6033:9.325–479, and Euripides,
5789:Quintus Smyrnaeus ii. 224.
5310:
5154:World History Encyclopedia
4882:Aeschylus fragment 405–410
3914:
3714:
3463:
3450:, the son of Odysseus and
3431:
3334:
3328:
3245:, where he found his wife
3094:
3090:
2928:
2608:
2325:
1894:, and the Trojan princess
1781:, with Aphrodite directing
1677:
1672:
1649:had released him from the
1612:
1261:
36:
29:
8624:
8460:
8371:Wars of the Delian League
8351:
8308:
8160:
7784:21 September 2008 at the
7413:21 September 2008 at the
5736:Tzetzes ad Lycophroon 18.
5513:Apollodorus, Epitome 3.10
5474:According to Apollodorus
5225:
5019:
5004:
4217:Apollonius Rhodius 4.757.
3577:descent to the underworld
3534:Aeneas Flees Burning Troy
3457:
2822:
2585:
2558:, says that Odysseus and
2240:. Nothing is said of the
2158:ships had 120 men, while
2036:Following a sacrifice to
1426:
1046:Ancient Greece portal
1030:List of Mycenaean deities
8673:Late Bronze Age collapse
8396:Second Peloponnesian War
7791:Harvard University Press
7779:Apollodorus: The Library
7731:Davies, Malcolm (2000).
7616:20 February 2005 at the
7507:The Complete Greek Drama
7483:The Complete Greek Drama
7408:Apollodorus: The Library
6466:155; Quintus Smyrnaeus,
6351:8.505 ff.; Apollodorus,
6283:8.500–504; Apollodorus,
6211:8.492–495; Apollodorus,
6082:5.8; Quintus Smyrnaeus,
6074:571–595) or his brother
6029:103, Quintus Smyrnaeus,
5988:5.8; Quintus Smyrnaeus,
5565:Fantuzzi, Marco (2012).
4796:11.19 ff.; Apollodurus,
3717:Historicity of the Iliad
2820:, now on display at the
2602:
2458:, and many other cities.
2380:House of the Tragic Poet
1999:First gathering at Aulis
1980:, resulting in a child,
1972:At Skyros, Achilles had
1874:was taken from Mycenae,
1561:Polyxena Sarcophagus in
1256:Late Bronze Age collapse
560:Historicity of the Iliad
8381:First Peloponnesian War
8116:28 October 2020 at the
8044:at Greek Mythology Link
8029:Was There a Trojan War?
7841:(US), 2005 (hardcover,
7839:Oxford University Press
7657:1 December 2019 at the
7558:25 October 2008 at the
7528:1 February 2009 at the
7261:12 October 2007 at the
7241:7 December 2004 at the
6970:Commentary on the Bible
6112:5.10; Pausanias 5.13.4.
5868:Argument of Sophocles'
5754:Dictys Cretensis iv. 4.
5261:19 October 2022 at the
4904:Davies, esp. pp. 8, 10.
4473:15 October 2007 at the
4463:Alluded to in Statius,
4440:Frazer on Apollodorus,
4413:18 January 2008 at the
4199:Berlin Papyri, No. 9739
3663:Dates of the Trojan War
3346:Odysseus and Polyphemus
2973:dedicate it to Athena.
2881:, from Pompeii, Italy,
2378:to Agamemnon, from the
2374:Achilles' surrender of
2172:The second book of the
1866:A map of Homeric Greece
1572:had become king of the
1501:, led an expedition of
1437:Golden Apple of Discord
39:The Fall of Troy (band)
30:For the 1997 film, see
8588:Seleucid Dynastic Wars
8513:Seleucid–Parthian Wars
8447:Expansion of Macedonia
7636:, trans. Gregory Nagy.
7631:9 October 2009 at the
7575:; Vol 2, Books III–V,
7565:Loeb Classical Library
7373:
7279:Bryce, Trevor (2004).
6500:xiii.462–473; Virgil,
6237:5.15, Simpson, p. 246.
5709:Scholiast on Lycophron
5524:Achilles and Patroclus
5439:Kakrides vol. 5 p. 92.
4626:Proclus Chrestomathy 1
4163:Scholium on Homer A.5.
4015:Bryce, Trevor (2005).
3836:(Ilios or Ilium). The
3822:mentions a kingdom of
3810:
3766:
3730:
3657:Julio-Claudian dynasty
3645:
3643:(see for instance the
3629:
3540:
3353:
3306:
3110:
3041:
3022:
3005:
2949:
2886:
2859:
2829:
2796:, at the mouth of the
2756:While they were away,
2753:
2705:
2660:
2627:
2530:
2460:
2390:
2277:
2100:
2014:
1947:
1867:
1782:
1775:The Abduction of Helen
1717:
1709:
1634:
1632:Gemäldegalerie, Berlin
1624:The Judgement of Paris
1606:
1565:
1490:
1443:
1133:through many works of
1109:) against the city of
1025:Ancient Greek religion
531:Manapa-Tarhunta letter
196:Wanderings of Odysseus
78:Attic red-figure kylix
41:. For other uses, see
7553:Description of Greece
7501:19 March 2008 at the
7477:21 March 2008 at the
7449:21 March 2008 at the
7358:
7328:The Peloponnesian War
7132:penelope.uchicago.edu
6859:Scholiast on Homer's
6824:6.15b; Strabo, 6.1.3.
5880:Scholiast on Homer's
5192:Eustathius on Homer,
4952:Ptolemy Hephaestion,
4939:Antoninus Liberalis,
4766:Scholiast on Homer's
4581:11 ep4; Apollodorus,
4560:Ptolemy Hephaestion,
4450:21 March 2008 at the
4427:21 March 2008 at the
4239:Scholiast on Homer's
4143:Die Quellen der Ilias
3805:
3761:
3724:
3532:
3514:as a guide. His wife
3344:
3296:
3104:
3035:
3010:
2996:
2938:
2876:
2850:if she should fight.
2835:
2811:
2742:
2703:
2655:
2618:
2518:
2416:
2373:
2268:
2094:
2006:
1969:, to recruit forces.
1933:
1926:Odysseus and Achilles
1865:
1831:, otherwise known as
1779:Francesco Primaticcio
1773:
1750:at the court of King
1715:
1700:
1622:
1601:
1560:
1485:
1434:
934:Ancient Olympic Games
8488:Seleucid–Mauryan war
8328:Second Messenian War
8074:on 23 November 2011.
8064:on 19 December 2014.
7985:improve this article
7684:9 March 2008 at the
6968:Adam Clarke (1831),
6705:Scholiast on Homer,
6381:2.199–227; Hyginus,
6049:says Diomedes alone.
5620:Scholiast on Homer,
5421:on 15 September 2006
5005:Μυκηναίοι Πολεμιστές
4113:Wood (1985: 116–118)
3965:Joost van den Vondel
3944:Troilus and Cressida
3934:Troilus and Criseyde
3583:directly influenced
3218:, and was killed in
2285:for supplies, or in
1976:the king's daughter
975:Calydonian boar hunt
922:Eleusinian Mysteries
526:Late Bronze Age Troy
70:tending the wounded
8376:Third Messenian War
8333:Lydian–Milesian War
8318:First Messenian War
8219:Arctinus of Miletus
8195:Arctinus of Miletus
8054:on 28 October 2007.
7997:footnote references
7715:Castleden, Rodney.
7187:2003Geo....31..163K
6718:Pausanias, 1.28.11.
6577:Quintus Smyrnaeus,
6433:Quintus Smyrnaeus,
6394:Quintus Smyrnaeus,
5833:Quintus Smyrnaeus,
5633:Quintus of Smyrna,
5536:Fox, Robin (2011).
5389:"Greek Board Games"
5311:Ερωτικά Παθήματα 21
4709:Il. 3.205-6; 11.139
4499:Apollodorus 3.10.7.
4406:Apollonius Rhodius
4082:(1998). "Preface".
3949:William Shakespeare
3749:Heinrich Schliemann
3442:picks up where the
3375:. On the island of
3204:Alexander the Great
3107:Bonaventura Genelli
2976:Both Cassandra and
2551:death for treason.
2489:Ajax and a game of
2366:Achilles' campaigns
1673:το μήλον της έριδος
1487:The Burning of Troy
1230:and expeditions by
1205:Heinrich Schliemann
1163:cycle of epic poems
578:Bronze Age Collapse
506:Archaeology of Troy
440:On the Trojan side:
370:Trojan Battle Order
8703:Deeds of Aphrodite
8668:Military deception
8563:Roman–Seleucid War
8422:Theban–Spartan War
8361:Greco-Persian Wars
8302:Ancient Greek wars
8259:Eugammon of Cyrene
8235:Eumelus of Corinth
8034:2012-12-28 at the
7852:Simpson, Michael.
7769:Durschmied, Erik.
7717:The Attack on Troy
7374:
7152:on 5 February 2011
6946:Pausanias, 2.16.7.
6911:Pausanias, 2.16.6.
6784:Pausanias, 1.28.9.
6224:Pausanias, 3.13.5.
6008:604–613; Tzetzes,
5859:Pausanias 3.19.13.
5800:Library of History
5798:Diodorus Siculus,
5745:Pausanias 10.31.7.
5369:on 9 December 2006
5102:Herodotus 4.145.3.
5002:Pantelis Karykas,
4969:Pausanias, 1.43.1.
4857:Pausanias, 9.5.14.
4783:Pausanias, 1.22.6.
4355:Pausanias, 15.9.5.
4292:Catalogue of Women
4042:Rutter, Jeremy B.
3959:by Samuel Coster,
3911:In popular culture
3811:
3767:
3731:
3639:), and during the
3541:
3395:, the home of the
3354:
3307:
3261:in Southern Italy.
3111:
3042:
3006:
2950:
2887:
2830:
2754:
2749:Achilleas thniskon
2706:
2661:
2628:
2569:Palamedes' father
2543:Death of Palamedes
2531:
2391:
2278:
2246:barbarian-speaking
2133:Catalogue of Ships
2101:
2015:
1948:
1868:
1783:
1718:
1710:
1664:, on Zeus' order.
1635:
1615:Judgement of Paris
1609:Judgement of Paris
1566:
1548:Origins of the war
1513:, and the Trojans
1493:Menelaus' brother
1491:
1476:judgement of Paris
1444:
1147:. The core of the
714:Heroes and heroism
402:On the Greek side:
300:Trojans and allies
289:Catalogue of Ships
170:Judgement of Paris
117:Iphigenia in Aulis
8693:Deeds of Poseidon
8635:
8634:
8573:War against Nabis
8386:Second Sacred War
8268:
8267:
8093:BBC audio podcast
8089:on 19 April 2019.
8025:
8024:
8017:
7833:Latacz, Joachim.
7704:(Johns Hopkins).
7640:Quintus Smyrnaeus
7608:Fragments of the
7292:978-1-134-57586-2
7024:FGrHist 566 F 125
6727:Pausanias, 8.15.7
6264:Quintus Smyrnaeus
6172:Pausanias 9.5.15.
6037:– but Sophocles,
5811:Pausanias 1.13.9.
5665:Pausanias 3.26.9.
5595:Against Timarchus
5578:978-0-19-162611-1
5297:Scholium on Iliad
4835:Pausanias, 1.4.6.
4700:Herodotus, 1.3.1.
4551:Pausanias 3.20.9.
4525:3.10.5; Hyginus,
4381:Homer Iliad I.410
4154:Burgess, pp. 3–4.
4028:978-0-415-34959-8
3820:Tawagalawa letter
3684:1209 BC/1208 BC,
3641:reign of Augustus
3309:According to the
3097:Returns from Troy
3038:Casa del Menandro
2823:Château-musée de
2524: 540–530 BC
2256:Nine years of war
1934:A scene from the
1818:Castor and Pollux
1799:scores of suitors
1121:from her husband
1091:
1090:
636:
635:
598:Mycenaean warfare
541:Tawagalawa letter
214:Greeks and allies
32:Trojan War (film)
16:(Redirected from
8735:
8718:Deeds of Artemis
8663:War in mythology
8628:Military history
8598:Mithridatic Wars
8583:Maccabean Revolt
8531:
8508:Chremonidean War
8437:Third Sacred War
8432:
8338:First Sacred War
8295:
8288:
8281:
8272:
8271:
8147:
8140:
8133:
8124:
8123:
8085:. Archived from
8060:. Archived from
8050:. Archived from
8020:
8013:
8009:
8006:
8000:
7968:
7967:
7960:
7905:
7874:Strauss, Barry.
7812:Graves, Robert.
7766:
7764:
7762:
7756:
7741:
7367:
7344:
7343:, "The Returns".
7339:Graves, Robert.
7337:
7331:
7324:
7318:
7315:
7309:
7308:
7306:
7304:
7276:
7270:
7252:
7246:
7231:
7225:
7224:
7222:
7220:
7211:. Archived from
7205:
7199:
7198:
7168:
7162:
7161:
7159:
7157:
7148:. Archived from
7142:
7136:
7135:
7124:
7118:
7111:
7105:
7098:
7092:
7085:
7079:
7076:
7070:
7067:
7061:
7058:
7052:
7049:
7043:
7040:
7034:
7033:FGrHist 239, §24
7031:
7025:
7022:
7016:
7013:
7007:
7004:
6998:
6997:FGrHist 70 F 223
6995:
6989:
6979:
6973:
6966:
6960:
6953:
6947:
6944:
6938:
6931:
6925:
6918:
6912:
6909:
6903:
6896:
6890:
6883:
6877:
6870:
6864:
6857:
6851:
6844:
6838:
6831:
6825:
6818:
6812:
6809:
6803:
6800:
6794:
6791:
6785:
6782:
6776:
6773:
6767:
6760:
6754:
6747:
6741:
6734:
6728:
6725:
6719:
6716:
6710:
6703:
6697:
6690:
6684:
6681:
6675:
6668:
6659:
6652:
6646:
6635:
6629:
6622:
6616:
6605:
6599:
6588:
6582:
6575:
6569:
6562:
6556:
6545:
6539:
6532:
6526:
6511:
6505:
6490:
6484:
6477:
6471:
6460:
6454:
6447:
6438:
6431:
6425:
6418:
6412:
6409:
6403:
6392:
6386:
6375:
6369:
6362:
6356:
6345:
6339:
6328:
6309:
6294:
6288:
6277:
6271:
6244:
6238:
6231:
6225:
6222:
6216:
6205:
6199:
6192:
6186:
6179:
6173:
6170:
6164:
6157:
6151:
6145:
6139:
6132:
6126:
6123:Oracle at Delphi
6119:
6113:
6106:
6100:
6093:
6087:
6056:
6050:
6019:
6013:
5982:
5976:
5969:
5963:
5956:
5950:
5943:
5937:
5930:
5924:
5913:
5898:
5891:
5885:
5878:
5872:
5866:
5860:
5857:
5851:
5844:
5838:
5831:
5825:
5818:
5812:
5809:
5803:
5796:
5790:
5787:
5781:
5774:
5768:
5761:
5755:
5752:
5746:
5743:
5737:
5734:
5728:
5721:
5712:
5705:
5699:
5688:
5675:
5672:
5666:
5663:
5654:
5647:
5638:
5631:
5625:
5618:
5612:
5611:
5609:
5607:
5589:
5583:
5582:
5562:
5556:
5555:
5533:
5527:
5520:
5514:
5511:
5505:
5498:
5492:
5485:
5479:
5472:
5466:
5459:
5453:
5446:
5440:
5437:
5431:
5430:
5428:
5426:
5417:. Archived from
5411:
5405:
5404:
5402:
5400:
5391:. Archived from
5385:
5379:
5378:
5376:
5374:
5365:. Archived from
5359:
5353:
5346:
5340:
5333:
5327:
5320:
5314:
5313:
5312:
5306:
5300:
5293:
5287:
5284:
5278:
5271:
5265:
5249:
5243:
5240:
5234:
5228:
5227:
5221:
5215:
5214:Thucydides 1.11.
5212:
5206:
5203:
5197:
5190:
5184:
5177:
5171:
5170:
5168:
5166:
5144:
5138:
5131:
5125:
5124:Pausanias 4.2.7.
5122:
5116:
5109:
5103:
5100:
5094:
5087:
5081:
5074:
5068:
5061:
5055:
5054:Pausanias 8.33.4
5052:
5046:
5045:Diodorus iv, 38.
5043:
5037:
5030:
5024:
5022:
5021:
5015:
5009:
5007:
5006:
5000:
4991:
4988:
4982:
4976:
4970:
4967:
4961:
4950:
4944:
4937:
4931:
4924:
4918:
4911:
4905:
4902:
4896:
4889:
4883:
4880:
4874:
4867:
4858:
4855:
4849:
4842:
4836:
4833:
4827:
4820:
4814:
4807:
4801:
4790:
4784:
4781:
4775:
4764:
4758:
4751:
4745:
4742:
4736:
4729:
4723:
4716:
4710:
4707:
4701:
4698:
4692:
4685:
4679:
4672:
4666:
4659:
4653:
4646:
4640:
4633:
4627:
4624:
4599:
4592:
4586:
4575:
4569:
4558:
4552:
4549:
4543:
4536:
4530:
4519:
4513:
4506:
4500:
4497:
4491:
4484:
4478:
4461:
4455:
4438:
4432:
4404:
4398:
4391:
4382:
4379:
4373:
4362:
4356:
4353:
4347:
4340:
4334:
4327:
4321:
4318:
4312:
4305:
4299:
4288:
4282:
4271:
4265:
4258:
4252:
4237:
4231:
4228:Prometheus Bound
4224:
4218:
4215:
4209:
4196:
4190:
4183:
4177:
4170:
4164:
4161:
4155:
4152:
4146:
4139:
4133:
4129:
4123:
4120:
4114:
4111:
4105:
4104:
4066:
4060:
4059:
4057:
4055:
4039:
4033:
4032:
4012:
3989:The Trojan Horse
3939:Geoffrey Chaucer
3901:
3898:
3890:
3887:
3879:
3876:
3871:battle of Kadesh
3865:
3862:
3854:
3851:
3725:Map showing the
3711:Historical basis
3650:
3634:
3538:Federico Barocci
3486:
3065:, Priam's wife.
2948:
2945:
2885:– 1st century AD
2884:
2857:
2828:
2827:
2825:Boulogne-sur-Mer
2804:Judgment of Arms
2751:
2538:
2525:
2522:
2334:, leader of the
2271:Attic red-figure
2087:Second gathering
2052:, ruled by King
1850:
1685:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1412:
1362:
1358:
1289:
1285:
1268:Greek literature
1245:
1241:
1232:Mycenaean Greeks
1199:
1195:
1173:poets including
1135:Greek literature
1083:
1076:
1069:
1057:Myths portal
1055:
1054:
1053:
1044:
1043:
1042:
663:
653:
638:
637:
628:
621:
614:
588:Homeric Question
521:Homeric Question
385:Participant gods
138:The Trojan Women
89:Literary sources
64:
50:
49:
21:
8743:
8742:
8738:
8737:
8736:
8734:
8733:
8732:
8723:Deeds of Hermes
8713:Deeds of Apollo
8708:Deeds of Athena
8653:12th century BC
8638:
8637:
8636:
8631:
8620:
8536:Macedonian Wars
8529:
8456:
8430:
8417:Theban hegemony
8347:
8304:
8299:
8269:
8264:
8156:
8151:
8118:Wayback Machine
8036:Wayback Machine
8021:
8010:
8004:
8001:
7982:
7973:This section's
7969:
7965:
7958:
7953:
7930:Wood, Michael.
7902:
7814:The Greek Myths
7786:Wayback Machine
7760:
7758:
7754:
7739:
7696:
7691:
7686:Wayback Machine
7659:Wayback Machine
7633:Wayback Machine
7618:Wayback Machine
7560:Wayback Machine
7530:Wayback Machine
7503:Wayback Machine
7479:Wayback Machine
7451:Wayback Machine
7415:Wayback Machine
7379:
7377:Ancient authors
7353:
7351:Further reading
7348:
7347:
7341:The Greek Myths
7338:
7334:
7325:
7321:
7316:
7312:
7302:
7300:
7293:
7277:
7273:
7263:Wayback Machine
7254:Wilson, Emily.
7253:
7249:
7243:Wayback Machine
7232:
7228:
7218:
7216:
7215:on 2 April 2003
7207:
7206:
7202:
7169:
7165:
7155:
7153:
7144:
7143:
7139:
7126:
7125:
7121:
7112:
7108:
7099:
7095:
7086:
7082:
7078:FGrHist 4 F 152
7077:
7073:
7069:FGrHist 76 F 41
7068:
7064:
7060:FGrHist 242 F 1
7059:
7055:
7051:Histories 2,145
7050:
7046:
7041:
7037:
7032:
7028:
7023:
7019:
7014:
7010:
7006:FGrHist 595 F 1
7005:
7001:
6996:
6992:
6980:
6976:
6967:
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6910:
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6897:
6893:
6884:
6880:
6871:
6867:
6858:
6854:
6845:
6841:
6832:
6828:
6819:
6815:
6810:
6806:
6801:
6797:
6792:
6788:
6783:
6779:
6774:
6770:
6761:
6757:
6748:
6744:
6735:
6731:
6726:
6722:
6717:
6713:
6704:
6700:
6691:
6687:
6683:Strabo, 6.1.15.
6682:
6678:
6669:
6662:
6653:
6649:
6636:
6632:
6623:
6619:
6606:
6602:
6589:
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6572:
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6559:
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6508:
6491:
6487:
6478:
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6461:
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6448:
6441:
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6428:
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6415:
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6406:
6393:
6389:
6376:
6372:
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6329:
6312:
6295:
6291:
6278:
6274:
6245:
6241:
6232:
6228:
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6219:
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6202:
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6180:
6176:
6171:
6167:
6158:
6154:
6146:
6142:
6133:
6129:
6120:
6116:
6107:
6103:
6094:
6090:
6057:
6053:
6020:
6016:
5983:
5979:
5970:
5966:
5957:
5953:
5944:
5940:
5931:
5927:
5914:
5901:
5892:
5888:
5879:
5875:
5867:
5863:
5858:
5854:
5845:
5841:
5832:
5828:
5819:
5815:
5810:
5806:
5797:
5793:
5788:
5784:
5775:
5771:
5762:
5758:
5753:
5749:
5744:
5740:
5735:
5731:
5722:
5715:
5706:
5702:
5689:
5678:
5673:
5669:
5664:
5657:
5648:
5641:
5632:
5628:
5619:
5615:
5605:
5603:
5598:. Section 133.
5590:
5586:
5579:
5563:
5559:
5552:
5534:
5530:
5521:
5517:
5512:
5508:
5499:
5495:
5486:
5482:
5473:
5469:
5460:
5456:
5447:
5443:
5438:
5434:
5424:
5422:
5413:
5412:
5408:
5398:
5396:
5395:on 8 April 2009
5387:
5386:
5382:
5372:
5370:
5361:
5360:
5356:
5347:
5343:
5334:
5330:
5321:
5317:
5307:
5303:
5294:
5290:
5285:
5281:
5272:
5268:
5263:Wayback Machine
5250:
5246:
5241:
5237:
5231:Panzer Magazine
5222:
5218:
5213:
5209:
5204:
5200:
5191:
5187:
5178:
5174:
5164:
5162:
5145:
5141:
5132:
5128:
5123:
5119:
5110:
5106:
5101:
5097:
5088:
5084:
5075:
5071:
5062:
5058:
5053:
5049:
5044:
5040:
5031:
5027:
5017:P. E. Konstas,
5016:
5012:
5001:
4994:
4989:
4985:
4977:
4973:
4968:
4964:
4951:
4947:
4938:
4934:
4925:
4921:
4912:
4908:
4903:
4899:
4893:Natural History
4890:
4886:
4881:
4877:
4868:
4861:
4856:
4852:
4843:
4839:
4834:
4830:
4821:
4817:
4808:
4804:
4791:
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4765:
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4752:
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4717:
4713:
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4695:
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4682:
4673:
4669:
4660:
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4647:
4643:
4634:
4630:
4625:
4602:
4593:
4589:
4576:
4572:
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4555:
4550:
4546:
4537:
4533:
4520:
4516:
4507:
4503:
4498:
4494:
4485:
4481:
4475:Wayback Machine
4462:
4458:
4452:Wayback Machine
4439:
4435:
4429:Wayback Machine
4417:; Apollodorus,
4415:Wayback Machine
4405:
4401:
4392:
4385:
4380:
4376:
4363:
4359:
4354:
4350:
4341:
4337:
4328:
4324:
4319:
4315:
4306:
4302:
4289:
4285:
4277:5 ep2; Pindar,
4272:
4268:
4259:
4255:
4238:
4234:
4225:
4221:
4216:
4212:
4197:
4193:
4184:
4180:
4171:
4167:
4162:
4158:
4153:
4149:
4140:
4136:
4130:
4126:
4122:Wood (1985: 19)
4121:
4117:
4112:
4108:
4098:
4067:
4063:
4053:
4051:
4040:
4036:
4029:
4013:
4009:
4004:
3919:
3913:
3899:
3888:
3877:
3863:
3852:
3838:Milawata letter
3719:
3713:
3672:gives 1135 BC,
3665:
3647:Tabulae Iliacae
3484:
3468:
3462:
3436:
3430:
3339:
3333:
3291:
3289:House of Atreus
3099:
3093:
3045:Ajax the Lesser
3021:
3018:
3016:
3014:
2991:
2946:
2933:
2927:
2871:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2806:
2712:, queen of the
2698:
2693:
2613:
2607:
2588:
2545:
2528:Vatican Museums
2523:
2494:
2368:
2328:
2263:
2258:
2242:Trojan language
2184:led by Aeneas,
2176:also lists the
2089:
2046:
2001:
1928:
1916:
1906:. According to
1878:was taken from
1777:(1530–1539) by
1768:
1617:
1611:
1555:
1550:
1429:
1264:
1244:11th century BC
1198:12th century BC
1137:, most notably
1099:Greek mythology
1087:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1040:
1038:
668:
652:Greek mythology
651:
632:
603:
602:
573:
572:
563:
562:
555:
546:Trojan language
536:Milawata letter
491:
490:
481:
480:
437:
399:
390:Caused the war:
387:
386:
377:
376:
365:
302:
301:
292:
291:
285:Achaean Leaders
280:
216:
215:
206:
205:
165:
164:
155:
154:
91:
90:
81:
75:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8741:
8731:
8730:
8725:
8720:
8715:
8710:
8705:
8700:
8695:
8690:
8685:
8680:
8675:
8670:
8665:
8660:
8655:
8650:
8633:
8632:
8625:
8622:
8621:
8619:
8618:
8613:
8595:
8590:
8585:
8580:
8575:
8570:
8565:
8560:
8555:
8533:
8525:
8520:
8518:Cleomenean War
8515:
8510:
8505:
8500:
8495:
8490:
8485:
8480:
8472:
8466:
8464:
8458:
8457:
8455:
8454:
8449:
8444:
8439:
8434:
8426:
8425:
8424:
8413:
8408:
8406:Corinthian War
8403:
8401:Phyle Campaign
8398:
8393:
8388:
8383:
8378:
8373:
8368:
8363:
8357:
8355:
8349:
8348:
8346:
8345:
8340:
8335:
8330:
8325:
8320:
8314:
8312:
8306:
8305:
8298:
8297:
8290:
8283:
8275:
8266:
8265:
8263:
8262:
8250:
8238:
8222:
8210:
8198:
8186:
8174:
8161:
8158:
8157:
8150:
8149:
8142:
8135:
8127:
8121:
8120:
8108:
8103:
8090:
8080:
8075:
8065:
8055:
8045:
8042:The Trojan War
8039:
8023:
8022:
7977:external links
7972:
7970:
7963:
7957:
7956:External links
7954:
7952:
7951:
7928:
7906:
7900:
7887:
7872:
7850:
7831:
7828:
7825:
7810:
7774:
7767:
7728:
7713:
7697:
7695:
7694:Modern authors
7692:
7690:
7689:
7670:
7637:
7621:
7600:
7545:
7514:
7490:
7466:
7435:
7403:
7380:
7378:
7375:
7366:1st-century BC
7352:
7349:
7346:
7345:
7332:
7319:
7310:
7291:
7271:
7267:Slate Magazine
7247:
7226:
7200:
7163:
7137:
7119:
7117:, pp. 114–116.
7106:
7102:The Trojan War
7093:
7089:Troy and Homer
7080:
7071:
7062:
7053:
7044:
7035:
7026:
7017:
7008:
6999:
6990:
6974:
6961:
6948:
6939:
6926:
6913:
6904:
6891:
6878:
6865:
6852:
6839:
6826:
6813:
6811:Strabo, 6.1.3.
6804:
6802:Strabo, 6.3.9.
6795:
6786:
6777:
6768:
6755:
6742:
6729:
6720:
6711:
6698:
6685:
6676:
6660:
6647:
6630:
6617:
6600:
6583:
6570:
6557:
6540:
6527:
6506:
6485:
6472:
6462:Aristophanes,
6455:
6439:
6426:
6413:
6404:
6387:
6370:
6357:
6340:
6310:
6289:
6272:
6239:
6226:
6217:
6200:
6187:
6174:
6165:
6152:
6140:
6127:
6114:
6101:
6088:
6078:(Apollodorus,
6051:
6025:5.8, Hyginus,
6014:
5977:
5964:
5951:
5938:
5925:
5899:
5886:
5873:
5861:
5852:
5839:
5826:
5813:
5804:
5791:
5782:
5769:
5756:
5747:
5738:
5729:
5713:
5700:
5676:
5667:
5655:
5639:
5626:
5613:
5584:
5577:
5557:
5550:
5528:
5515:
5506:
5493:
5480:
5467:
5454:
5441:
5432:
5406:
5380:
5354:
5341:
5328:
5315:
5301:
5288:
5286:Volume 5 p. 80
5279:
5266:
5244:
5235:
5216:
5207:
5198:
5185:
5172:
5139:
5126:
5117:
5104:
5095:
5082:
5069:
5056:
5047:
5038:
5025:
5010:
5008:, Athens 1999.
4992:
4983:
4971:
4962:
4945:
4932:
4919:
4906:
4897:
4895:24.42, 34.152.
4884:
4875:
4859:
4850:
4837:
4828:
4815:
4809:Philostratus,
4802:
4785:
4776:
4770:19.326; Ovid,
4759:
4746:
4737:
4724:
4711:
4702:
4693:
4680:
4667:
4654:
4641:
4628:
4600:
4587:
4570:
4553:
4544:
4531:
4514:
4501:
4492:
4479:
4456:
4433:
4399:
4383:
4374:
4357:
4348:
4335:
4322:
4313:
4300:
4283:
4266:
4253:
4232:
4219:
4210:
4191:
4178:
4165:
4156:
4147:
4134:
4124:
4115:
4106:
4096:
4061:
4034:
4027:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3975:Hector Berlioz
3931:by Euripides,
3915:Main article:
3912:
3909:
3902:–1205 BC) the
3878: 1274 BC
3864: 1250 BC
3853: 1280 BC
3744:Dio Chrysostom
3727:Hittite Empire
3712:
3709:
3664:
3661:
3609:founding myths
3464:Main article:
3461:
3456:
3432:Main article:
3429:
3424:
3350:Arnold Böcklin
3335:Main article:
3332:
3327:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3277:
3262:
3223:
3187:
3165:
3153:
3150:Southern Italy
3139:
3116:Cape Caphereus
3095:Main article:
3092:
3089:
3011:
2990:
2987:
2929:Main article:
2926:
2923:
2883:1st century BC
2870:
2867:
2853:
2836:
2805:
2802:
2744:Dying Achilles
2697:
2694:
2692:
2686:
2622:pleading with
2609:Main article:
2606:
2601:
2587:
2584:
2544:
2541:
2493:
2487:
2367:
2364:
2327:
2324:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2088:
2085:
2045:
2042:
2000:
1997:
1974:an affair with
1927:
1924:
1915:
1912:
1851:Sicilian poet
1849:6th century BC
1767:
1764:
1744:Achilles' heel
1613:Main article:
1610:
1607:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1441:Jacob Jordaens
1428:
1425:
1411:1st century BC
1385:In later ages
1368:oral tradition
1361:6th century BC
1263:
1260:
1215:in modern-day
1186:ancient Greeks
1089:
1088:
1086:
1085:
1078:
1071:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
999:
998:
994:
993:
992:
991:
990:
989:
979:
978:
977:
967:
962:
961:
960:
958:Teumessian fox
950:
949:
948:
938:
937:
936:
926:
925:
924:
914:
909:
908:
907:
895:
894:
893:
883:
882:
881:
871:
866:
865:
864:
854:
853:
852:
847:
837:
836:
835:
825:
824:
823:
813:
812:
811:
801:
800:
799:
794:
784:
783:
782:
772:
767:
766:
765:
753:
752:
751:
741:
736:
731:
730:
729:
716:
715:
711:
710:
709:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
675:
674:
670:
669:
664:
656:
655:
647:
646:
634:
633:
631:
630:
623:
616:
608:
605:
604:
601:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
574:
571:Related topics
570:
569:
568:
565:
564:
554:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
492:
488:
487:
486:
483:
482:
479:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
436:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
398:
397:
388:
384:
383:
382:
379:
378:
374:Trojan Leaders
364:
363:
358:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
303:
299:
298:
297:
294:
293:
279:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
223:
217:
213:
212:
211:
208:
207:
204:
203:
198:
193:
188:
183:
178:
172:
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162:
161:
160:
157:
156:
147:
146:
141:
134:
127:
120:
113:
105:
100:
92:
88:
87:
86:
83:
82:
65:
57:
56:
26:
18:The trojan war
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8740:
8729:
8728:Deeds of Ares
8726:
8724:
8721:
8719:
8716:
8714:
8711:
8709:
8706:
8704:
8701:
8699:
8698:Deeds of Hera
8696:
8694:
8691:
8689:
8688:Deeds of Zeus
8686:
8684:
8681:
8679:
8676:
8674:
8671:
8669:
8666:
8664:
8661:
8659:
8656:
8654:
8651:
8649:
8646:
8645:
8643:
8630:
8629:
8623:
8617:
8616:War of Actium
8614:
8611:
8607:
8603:
8599:
8596:
8594:
8591:
8589:
8586:
8584:
8581:
8579:
8576:
8574:
8571:
8569:
8566:
8564:
8561:
8559:
8556:
8553:
8549:
8545:
8541:
8537:
8534:
8532:
8526:
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8516:
8514:
8511:
8509:
8506:
8504:
8501:
8499:
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8494:
8491:
8489:
8486:
8484:
8481:
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8478:
8473:
8471:
8468:
8467:
8465:
8463:
8459:
8453:
8450:
8448:
8445:
8443:
8440:
8438:
8435:
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8427:
8423:
8420:
8419:
8418:
8414:
8412:
8409:
8407:
8404:
8402:
8399:
8397:
8394:
8392:
8389:
8387:
8384:
8382:
8379:
8377:
8374:
8372:
8369:
8367:
8366:Aeginetan War
8364:
8362:
8359:
8358:
8356:
8354:
8350:
8344:
8343:Sicilian Wars
8341:
8339:
8336:
8334:
8331:
8329:
8326:
8324:
8323:Lelantine War
8321:
8319:
8316:
8315:
8313:
8311:
8307:
8303:
8296:
8291:
8289:
8284:
8282:
8277:
8276:
8273:
8260:
8256:
8255:
8251:
8248:
8244:
8243:
8239:
8236:
8232:
8228:
8227:
8223:
8220:
8216:
8215:
8211:
8208:
8204:
8203:
8199:
8196:
8192:
8191:
8187:
8184:
8180:
8179:
8175:
8172:
8168:
8167:
8163:
8162:
8159:
8155:
8148:
8143:
8141:
8136:
8134:
8129:
8128:
8125:
8119:
8115:
8112:
8109:
8107:
8104:
8101:
8097:
8094:
8091:
8088:
8084:
8081:
8079:
8076:
8073:
8069:
8066:
8063:
8059:
8056:
8053:
8049:
8046:
8043:
8040:
8037:
8033:
8030:
8027:
8026:
8019:
8016:
8008:
8005:February 2020
7998:
7994:
7993:inappropriate
7990:
7986:
7980:
7978:
7971:
7962:
7961:
7949:
7948:0-563-20161-4
7945:
7941:
7940:0-520-21599-0
7937:
7933:
7929:
7926:
7925:1-4051-3183-7
7922:
7919:; paperback,
7918:
7917:1-4051-3182-9
7914:
7910:
7907:
7903:
7901:0-7864-1737-4
7897:
7893:
7888:
7885:
7884:0-7432-6441-X
7881:
7877:
7873:
7870:
7869:0-87023-205-3
7866:
7862:
7858:
7857:
7851:
7848:
7847:0-19-926308-6
7844:
7840:
7836:
7832:
7829:
7826:
7823:
7822:0-14-017199-1
7819:
7815:
7811:
7808:
7807:0-674-99136-2
7804:
7800:
7799:0-674-99135-4
7796:
7792:
7788:
7787:
7783:
7780:
7775:
7772:
7768:
7753:
7749:
7745:
7738:
7736:
7729:
7726:
7725:1-84415-175-1
7722:
7718:
7714:
7711:
7710:0-8018-7890-X
7707:
7703:
7699:
7698:
7687:
7683:
7680:
7679:
7674:
7671:
7668:
7667:0-674-99022-6
7664:
7660:
7656:
7653:
7652:
7647:
7646:
7641:
7638:
7635:
7634:
7630:
7627:
7622:
7619:
7615:
7612:
7611:
7605:
7601:
7598:
7597:0-674-99328-4
7594:
7590:
7589:0-674-99300-4
7586:
7582:
7581:0-674-99207-5
7578:
7574:
7573:0-674-99104-4
7570:
7566:
7562:
7561:
7557:
7554:
7549:
7546:
7543:
7542:0-674-99133-8
7539:
7535:
7531:
7527:
7524:
7523:
7518:
7515:
7512:
7508:
7504:
7500:
7497:
7496:
7491:
7488:
7484:
7480:
7476:
7473:
7472:
7467:
7464:
7463:0-674-99533-3
7460:
7456:
7452:
7448:
7445:
7444:
7439:
7436:
7433:
7432:0-674-99136-2
7429:
7425:
7424:0-674-99135-4
7421:
7417:
7416:
7412:
7409:
7405:Apollodorus,
7404:
7401:
7400:0-87023-205-3
7397:
7393:
7389:
7385:
7382:
7381:
7371:
7363:
7362:
7361:Tabula Iliaca
7357:
7342:
7336:
7329:
7323:
7314:
7298:
7294:
7288:
7284:
7283:
7275:
7268:
7264:
7260:
7257:
7251:
7244:
7240:
7237:
7236:
7230:
7214:
7210:
7204:
7196:
7192:
7188:
7184:
7180:
7176:
7175:
7167:
7151:
7147:
7141:
7133:
7129:
7123:
7116:
7110:
7103:
7097:
7090:
7084:
7075:
7066:
7057:
7048:
7042:Bios Hellados
7039:
7030:
7021:
7012:
7003:
6994:
6988:
6984:
6978:
6971:
6965:
6958:
6952:
6943:
6936:
6930:
6923:
6920:Apollodorus,
6917:
6908:
6901:
6898:Apollodorus,
6895:
6888:
6882:
6875:
6869:
6862:
6856:
6849:
6843:
6836:
6830:
6823:
6820:Apollodorus,
6817:
6808:
6799:
6790:
6781:
6775:Plutarch, 23.
6772:
6765:
6762:Apollodorus,
6759:
6752:
6749:Apollodorus,
6746:
6739:
6736:Apollodorus,
6733:
6724:
6715:
6708:
6702:
6695:
6692:Apollodorus,
6689:
6680:
6673:
6670:Apollodorus,
6667:
6665:
6657:
6654:Apollodorus,
6651:
6645:xiii.547–595.
6644:
6640:
6637:Apollodorus,
6634:
6627:
6621:
6614:
6610:
6604:
6597:
6593:
6587:
6581:xiii.279–285.
6580:
6574:
6567:
6564:Apollodorus,
6561:
6554:
6550:
6544:
6537:
6534:Apollodorus.
6531:
6524:
6520:
6516:
6510:
6503:
6499:
6495:
6492:Apollodorus,
6489:
6482:
6479:Apollodorus,
6476:
6470:xiii.423–457.
6469:
6465:
6459:
6452:
6449:Apollodorus.
6446:
6444:
6436:
6430:
6423:
6420:Apollodorus,
6417:
6408:
6401:
6397:
6391:
6384:
6380:
6374:
6367:
6364:Apollodorus,
6361:
6354:
6350:
6344:
6337:
6333:
6327:
6325:
6323:
6321:
6319:
6317:
6315:
6307:
6303:
6299:
6296:Apollodorus,
6293:
6286:
6282:
6276:
6269:
6265:
6261:
6257:
6253:
6249:
6246:Apollodorus,
6243:
6236:
6233:Apollodorus,
6230:
6221:
6214:
6210:
6204:
6197:
6194:Apollodorus,
6191:
6184:
6178:
6169:
6162:
6159:Apollodorus,
6156:
6149:
6144:
6137:
6134:Apollodorus,
6131:
6124:
6118:
6111:
6108:Apollodorus,
6105:
6098:
6095:Apollodorus,
6092:
6085:
6081:
6077:
6073:
6069:
6065:
6061:
6055:
6048:
6044:
6040:
6036:
6032:
6028:
6024:
6018:
6011:
6007:
6004:; Sophocles,
6003:
5999:
5995:
5991:
5987:
5981:
5975:42, 277, 852.
5974:
5968:
5961:
5955:
5948:
5945:Apollodorus,
5942:
5935:
5929:
5922:
5918:
5912:
5910:
5908:
5906:
5904:
5896:
5890:
5883:
5877:
5871:
5865:
5856:
5849:
5846:Apollodorus,
5843:
5836:
5830:
5823:
5817:
5808:
5801:
5795:
5786:
5779:
5773:
5766:
5760:
5751:
5742:
5733:
5726:
5723:Apollodorus,
5720:
5718:
5710:
5704:
5697:
5693:
5687:
5685:
5683:
5681:
5671:
5662:
5660:
5652:
5649:Apollodorus,
5646:
5644:
5636:
5630:
5623:
5617:
5601:
5597:
5596:
5588:
5580:
5574:
5570:
5569:
5561:
5553:
5551:9780674060944
5547:
5543:
5539:
5532:
5525:
5519:
5510:
5503:
5500:Apollodorus,
5497:
5490:
5484:
5477:
5471:
5464:
5458:
5451:
5445:
5436:
5420:
5416:
5410:
5394:
5390:
5384:
5368:
5364:
5358:
5351:
5345:
5338:
5332:
5325:
5322:Apollodorus,
5319:
5305:
5298:
5292:
5283:
5276:
5273:Apollodorus,
5270:
5264:
5260:
5257:
5254:
5251:Apollodorus,
5248:
5239:
5232:
5220:
5211:
5202:
5195:
5189:
5182:
5179:Apollodorus,
5176:
5160:
5156:
5155:
5150:
5143:
5136:
5133:Apollodorus,
5130:
5121:
5114:
5111:Apollodorus,
5108:
5099:
5092:
5089:Apollodorus,
5086:
5079:
5076:Apollodorus,
5073:
5066:
5063:Apollodorus,
5060:
5051:
5042:
5035:
5029:
5023:, Athens 1966
5014:
4999:
4997:
4987:
4980:
4975:
4966:
4959:
4955:
4949:
4942:
4941:Metamorphoses
4936:
4929:
4923:
4916:
4913:Apollodorus,
4910:
4901:
4894:
4888:
4879:
4872:
4869:Apollodorus,
4866:
4864:
4854:
4847:
4841:
4832:
4825:
4822:Apollodorus,
4819:
4812:
4806:
4799:
4795:
4789:
4780:
4773:
4772:Metamorphoses
4769:
4763:
4756:
4750:
4741:
4734:
4731:Apollodorus,
4728:
4721:
4718:Apollodorus,
4715:
4706:
4697:
4690:
4687:Apollodorus,
4684:
4677:
4671:
4664:
4661:Apollodorus,
4658:
4651:
4645:
4638:
4635:Apollodorus,
4632:
4623:
4621:
4619:
4617:
4615:
4613:
4611:
4609:
4607:
4605:
4597:
4594:Apollodorus,
4591:
4584:
4580:
4574:
4567:
4563:
4557:
4548:
4541:
4538:Apollodorus,
4535:
4528:
4524:
4521:Apollodorus,
4518:
4511:
4505:
4496:
4489:
4483:
4476:
4472:
4469:
4466:
4460:
4453:
4449:
4446:
4443:
4437:
4430:
4426:
4423:
4420:
4416:
4412:
4409:
4403:
4396:
4393:Apollodorus,
4390:
4388:
4378:
4371:
4367:
4361:
4352:
4345:
4339:
4332:
4326:
4317:
4310:
4304:
4297:
4293:
4287:
4280:
4276:
4270:
4263:
4260:Apollodorus,
4257:
4250:
4249:Metamorphoses
4246:
4242:
4236:
4229:
4223:
4214:
4207:
4204:
4200:
4195:
4188:
4185:Apollodorus,
4182:
4175:
4169:
4160:
4151:
4144:
4138:
4128:
4119:
4110:
4103:
4099:
4097:0-520-21599-0
4093:
4090:. p. 4.
4089:
4085:
4081:
4080:Wood, Michael
4075:
4071:
4065:
4049:
4045:
4038:
4030:
4024:
4020:
4019:
4011:
4007:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3991:
3990:
3985:
3984:
3983:Helen of Troy
3978:
3976:
3972:
3971:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3945:
3940:
3936:
3935:
3930:
3929:
3924:
3918:
3908:
3905:
3894:
3893:Arnuwanda III
3883:
3872:
3867:
3858:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3834:
3829:
3825:
3821:
3816:
3809:
3804:
3800:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3789:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3754:
3750:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3708:
3706:
3702:
3697:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3682:Parian marble
3680:1193 BC, the
3679:
3675:
3671:
3660:
3658:
3654:
3649:
3648:
3642:
3638:
3633:
3632:
3626:
3622:
3621:Julius Caesar
3618:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3565:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3506:, the healer
3505:
3501:
3497:
3492:
3490:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3435:
3428:
3423:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3400:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3363:
3359:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3338:
3331:
3326:
3322:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3304:
3300:
3299:Alfred Church
3295:
3283:
3278:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3188:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3166:
3163:
3159:
3154:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3088:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3071:
3066:
3064:
3060:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3046:
3039:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3020:
3009:
3004:, 520–510 BC)
3003:
2999:
2995:
2986:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2970:
2968:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2947: 670 BC
2942:
2937:
2932:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2913:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2880:
2875:
2866:
2864:
2861:According to
2851:
2834:
2826:
2819:
2815:
2814:Greek pottery
2810:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2750:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2702:
2691:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2659:
2654:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2612:
2605:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2552:
2548:
2540:
2537:
2529:
2517:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2492:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2467:
2465:
2459:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2418:He also took
2415:
2413:
2409:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2372:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2283:Chryse Island
2275:
2272:
2267:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2178:Trojan allies
2175:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2098:
2095:A map of the
2093:
2084:
2080:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2041:
2039:
2034:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2013:
2009:
2005:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1959:
1957:
1953:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1932:
1923:
1919:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1864:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1846:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1809:
1807:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1729:
1724:
1714:
1708:, 575–550 BC)
1707:
1704:
1699:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1684:
1670:
1669:Ancient Greek
1665:
1663:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1616:
1605:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1564:
1559:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1417:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1381:
1380:vase painting
1377:
1373:
1369:
1364:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1343:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1319:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1209:Frank Calvert
1206:
1203:
1202:archaeologist
1191:
1187:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1167:Greek tragedy
1164:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1146:
1145:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1117:of Troy took
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1084:
1079:
1077:
1072:
1070:
1065:
1064:
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1031:
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1021:
1018:
1016:
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988:
985:
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983:
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976:
973:
972:
971:
968:
966:
963:
959:
956:
955:
954:
951:
947:
946:Centauromachy
944:
943:
942:
939:
935:
932:
931:
930:
927:
923:
920:
919:
918:
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905:
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877:
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867:
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859:
858:
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851:
848:
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838:
834:
831:
830:
829:
826:
822:
819:
818:
817:
814:
810:
807:
806:
805:
802:
798:
795:
793:
790:
789:
788:
785:
781:
780:Golden Fleece
778:
777:
776:
773:
771:
768:
764:
763:
759:
758:
757:
754:
750:
747:
746:
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742:
740:
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735:
732:
728:
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724:
723:
720:
719:
718:
717:
713:
712:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
678:
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672:
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667:
662:
658:
657:
654:
649:
648:
644:
640:
639:
629:
624:
622:
617:
615:
610:
609:
607:
606:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
575:
567:
566:
561:
558:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
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537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
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502:
499:
497:
494:
493:
485:
484:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
443:
442:
441:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
405:
404:
403:
396:
393:
392:
391:
381:
380:
375:
371:
368:
362:
359:
357:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
304:
296:
295:
290:
286:
283:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
218:
210:
209:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:Seduction of
173:
171:
168:
167:
159:
158:
153:
150:
145:
142:
140:
139:
135:
133:
132:
128:
126:
125:
121:
119:
118:
114:
112:
110:
106:
104:
101:
99:
98:
94:
93:
85:
84:
79:
74:
73:
69:
63:
59:
58:
55:
52:
51:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
8626:
8578:Galatian War
8568:Aetolian War
8530:(220–217 BC)
8476:
8475:Wars of the
8431:(357–355 BC)
8415:Wars of the
8411:Boeotian War
8252:
8240:
8224:
8212:
8202:Little Iliad
8200:
8188:
8176:
8164:
8096:Melvyn Bragg
8087:the original
8072:the original
8062:the original
8052:the original
8011:
8002:
7987:by removing
7974:
7931:
7908:
7891:
7875:
7853:
7837:. New York:
7834:
7813:
7801:. Volume 2:
7777:
7770:
7759:. Retrieved
7747:
7743:
7734:
7716:
7701:
7677:
7650:
7645:Posthomerica
7643:
7624:
7609:
7604:Chrestomathy
7603:
7551:
7534:A. D. Godley
7521:
7510:
7506:
7494:
7486:
7482:
7470:
7454:
7442:
7426:. Volume 2:
7406:
7387:
7359:
7340:
7335:
7327:
7326:Thucydides.
7322:
7313:
7301:. Retrieved
7281:
7274:
7266:
7250:
7245:, Discovery.
7234:
7229:
7217:. Retrieved
7213:the original
7203:
7178:
7172:
7166:
7154:. Retrieved
7150:the original
7140:
7131:
7122:
7114:
7109:
7101:
7096:
7088:
7083:
7074:
7065:
7056:
7047:
7038:
7029:
7020:
7011:
7002:
6993:
6986:
6983:Chrestomathy
6982:
6977:
6969:
6964:
6956:
6951:
6942:
6934:
6929:
6921:
6916:
6907:
6899:
6894:
6886:
6881:
6873:
6868:
6860:
6855:
6847:
6842:
6834:
6829:
6821:
6816:
6807:
6798:
6789:
6780:
6771:
6763:
6758:
6750:
6745:
6737:
6732:
6723:
6714:
6706:
6701:
6693:
6688:
6679:
6671:
6655:
6650:
6643:Posthomerica
6642:
6638:
6633:
6625:
6620:
6615:xiv.193–328.
6613:Posthomerica
6612:
6608:
6603:
6595:
6592:Trojan Women
6591:
6586:
6579:Posthomerica
6578:
6573:
6565:
6560:
6552:
6549:Chrestomathy
6548:
6543:
6535:
6530:
6523:Posthomerica
6522:
6518:
6514:
6509:
6501:
6498:Posthomerica
6497:
6493:
6488:
6480:
6475:
6468:Posthomerica
6467:
6463:
6458:
6450:
6435:Posthomerica
6434:
6429:
6421:
6416:
6407:
6399:
6396:Posthomerica
6395:
6390:
6382:
6378:
6373:
6365:
6360:
6352:
6348:
6343:
6336:Iliou Persis
6335:
6332:Chrestomathy
6331:
6306:Little Iliad
6305:
6302:Chrestomathy
6301:
6297:
6292:
6284:
6280:
6275:
6268:Posthomerica
6267:
6260:Posthomerica
6259:
6252:Little Iliad
6251:
6247:
6242:
6234:
6229:
6220:
6212:
6208:
6203:
6195:
6190:
6182:
6177:
6168:
6160:
6155:
6147:
6143:
6135:
6130:
6117:
6109:
6104:
6096:
6091:
6084:Posthomerica
6083:
6079:
6072:Posthomerica
6071:
6068:Little Iliad
6067:
6064:Chrestomathy
6063:
6054:
6047:Little Iliad
6046:
6043:Chrestomathy
6042:
6038:
6034:
6031:Posthomerica
6030:
6026:
6022:
6017:
6010:Posthomerica
6009:
6005:
6002:Little Iliad
6001:
5998:Chrestomathy
5997:
5990:Posthomerica
5989:
5985:
5980:
5972:
5967:
5959:
5954:
5946:
5941:
5933:
5928:
5921:Little Iliad
5920:
5917:Chrestomathy
5916:
5894:
5889:
5881:
5876:
5869:
5864:
5855:
5847:
5842:
5835:Posthomerica
5834:
5829:
5821:
5816:
5807:
5799:
5794:
5785:
5777:
5772:
5764:
5759:
5750:
5741:
5732:
5724:
5708:
5703:
5695:
5692:Chrestomathy
5691:
5670:
5650:
5635:Posthomerica
5634:
5629:
5624:. xxiv. 804.
5621:
5616:
5604:. Retrieved
5594:
5587:
5567:
5560:
5537:
5531:
5526:for details.
5518:
5509:
5501:
5496:
5488:
5483:
5475:
5470:
5462:
5457:
5449:
5444:
5435:
5423:. Retrieved
5419:the original
5415:"Latrunculi"
5409:
5397:. Retrieved
5393:the original
5383:
5371:. Retrieved
5367:the original
5357:
5349:
5344:
5336:
5331:
5323:
5318:
5308:Parthenius,
5304:
5296:
5291:
5282:
5274:
5269:
5252:
5247:
5242:Iliad IX.328
5238:
5230:
5219:
5210:
5201:
5193:
5188:
5180:
5175:
5163:. Retrieved
5152:
5142:
5134:
5129:
5120:
5112:
5107:
5098:
5090:
5085:
5077:
5072:
5064:
5059:
5050:
5041:
5033:
5028:
5013:
4986:
4978:
4974:
4965:
4957:
4953:
4948:
4940:
4935:
4927:
4926:Philodemus,
4922:
4914:
4909:
4900:
4892:
4887:
4878:
4870:
4853:
4845:
4840:
4831:
4823:
4818:
4810:
4805:
4797:
4793:
4788:
4779:
4771:
4767:
4762:
4754:
4749:
4740:
4732:
4727:
4719:
4714:
4705:
4696:
4688:
4683:
4675:
4670:
4662:
4657:
4649:
4644:
4636:
4631:
4595:
4590:
4582:
4578:
4573:
4565:
4561:
4556:
4547:
4539:
4534:
4526:
4522:
4517:
4509:
4504:
4495:
4487:
4482:
4464:
4459:
4441:
4436:
4418:
4402:
4394:
4377:
4369:
4365:
4360:
4351:
4343:
4342:Apollodorus
4338:
4330:
4325:
4316:
4308:
4303:
4295:
4291:
4286:
4281:8 str3–str5.
4278:
4274:
4269:
4261:
4256:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4235:
4227:
4222:
4213:
4205:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4186:
4181:
4173:
4168:
4159:
4150:
4142:
4137:
4127:
4118:
4109:
4101:
4083:
4074:Michael Wood
4069:
4064:
4052:. Retrieved
4037:
4017:
4010:
3993:
3987:
3981:
3979:
3968:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3942:
3932:
3926:
3922:
3920:
3882:Tudhaliya IV
3868:
3856:
3831:
3823:
3812:
3796:
3786:
3778:
3771:John V. Luce
3768:
3732:
3698:
3666:
3636:
3580:
3566:
3542:
3533:
3493:
3488:
3481:
3471:
3469:
3458:
3443:
3439:
3437:
3426:
3401:
3357:
3355:
3345:
3329:
3323:
3310:
3308:
3302:
3112:
3075:
3067:
3056:
3050:
3043:
3027:
3023:
3012:
3007:
2989:Sack of Troy
2975:
2971:
2951:
2941:Mykonos vase
2931:Trojan Horse
2925:Trojan Horse
2920:
2911:
2908:
2892:
2888:
2860:
2837:
2831:
2755:
2743:
2707:
2689:
2681:
2662:
2639:
2629:
2603:
2592:
2589:
2568:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2546:
2532:
2495:
2490:
2468:
2461:
2417:
2404:
2392:
2348:
2329:
2315:
2313:
2299:
2279:
2249:
2173:
2171:
2163:
2152:pentekonters
2136:
2130:
2118:
2102:
2081:
2066:
2047:
2035:
2016:
2007:
1991:
1971:
1960:
1949:
1935:
1920:
1917:
1869:
1841:
1826:
1822:Clytemnestra
1810:
1803:
1784:
1774:
1732:
1719:
1703:black-figure
1666:
1659:
1636:
1623:
1602:
1598:
1567:
1553:Plan of Zeus
1541:
1537:
1533:
1531:
1519:Trojan Horse
1492:
1486:
1472:golden apple
1445:
1436:
1414:
1384:
1375:
1371:
1365:
1352:Chrestomathy
1350:
1340:
1334:
1330:Iliou Persis
1328:
1324:Little Iliad
1322:
1316:
1310:
1304:
1295:
1291:
1279:
1275:
1265:
1248:Eratosthenes
1221:
1183:
1152:
1148:
1142:
1094:
1092:
902:
879:Golden apple
760:
748:
665:
556:
439:
438:
401:
400:
389:
366:
281:
186:Sack of Troy
181:Trojan Horse
148:
144:Posthomerica
136:
129:
122:
115:
108:
95:
80:, c. 500 BC)
66:
53:
47:
8593:Achaean War
8528:Social War
8523:Lyttian War
8498:Syrian Wars
8493:Pyrrhic War
8462:Hellenistic
8442:Foreign War
8429:Social War
8098:interviews
7733:"Euripides
7492:Euripides,
7468:Euripides,
7384:Apollodorus
6955:Sophocles,
6607:Euripides,
6590:Euripides,
6553:Ilio Persis
6086:9.325–479).
6070:; Tzetzes,
6039:Philoctetes
6035:Philoctetes
6006:Philoctetes
5971:Sophocles,
5934:Nemean Odes
5837:iv. 88–595.
5820:Euripides,
5606:21 February
5592:Aeschines.
5425:11 December
5399:11 December
5373:11 December
4958:Myriobiblon
4954:New History
4674:Herodotus,
4648:Euripides,
4566:Myriobiblon
4562:New History
4309:Myrobiblion
4243:; Hyginus,
4226:Aeschylus,
3992:(1961) and
3970:Les Troyens
3900: 1210
3889: 1240
3788:Geographica
3686:Dicaearchus
3558:Tiber River
3420:recurve bow
3146:Metapontium
3109:(1798–1868)
2998:Neoptolemus
2962:cornel tree
2710:Penthesilea
2332:Protesilaus
2316:Philoctetes
2261:Philoctetes
2216:, Mysians,
2190:Adrasteians
2165:Bibliotheca
2160:Philoctetes
2141:Peloponnese
2012:Jan de Bray
1982:Neoptolemus
1853:Stesichorus
1563:Troy Museum
1387:playwrights
1234:during the
1190:Dardanelles
917:Triptolemus
840:Bellerophon
489:Historicity
352:Penthesilea
191:The Returns
124:Philoctetes
8648:Trojan War
8642:Categories
8558:Cretan War
8470:Lamian War
8391:Samian War
8214:Iliupersis
8154:Epic Cycle
8100:Edith Hall
7863:, (1976).
7443:Andromache
7394:, (1976).
7370:bas-relief
7219:9 February
7181:(2): 163.
6937:1.30, 298.
6464:Lysistrata
6076:Podalirius
5996:(Proclus,
5958:Zenobius,
5036:Β.803–806.
4774:13.162 ff.
4366:Andromache
4364:Euripides
4247:54; Ovid,
4201:; Hesiod.
4054:31 January
4002:References
3793:topography
3763:Schliemann
3736:Thucydides
3715:See also:
3694:Hellanicus
3605:Roman myth
3597:Alba Longa
3562:Punic Wars
3554:Queen Dido
3536:(1598) by
3397:Phaeacians
3365:Polyphemus
3231:Callirrhoe
3192:Molossians
3059:Andromache
3040:, Pompeii)
2869:Prophecies
2782:Antilochus
2688:After the
2658:Achilleion
2498:Polymestor
2448:Adramytium
2436:Clazomenae
2336:Phylaceans
2208:spearmen,
2198:Pelasgians
2194:Percotians
2182:Dardanians
2145:Dodecanese
2062:Thersander
2010:(1664) by
1952:Telemachus
1756:Hephaestus
1740:underworld
1643:Prometheus
1626:(1599) by
1497:, king of
1391:historians
1307:Epic Cycle
1254:, and the
1236:Bronze Age
1125:, king of
1095:Trojan War
1020:Demogorgon
953:Amphitryon
874:Hippomenes
749:Trojan War
681:Primordial
583:Euhemerism
413:Hephaestus
332:Andromache
103:Epic Cycle
54:Trojan War
8678:Agamemnon
8353:Classical
8190:Aethiopis
7989:excessive
7678:Geography
7623:Proclus,
7602:Proclus,
7548:Pausanias
7522:Histories
7517:Herodotus
7438:Euripides
7330:, 1.12.2.
7100:Strauss,
7091:, p. 286.
6547:Proclus,
6330:Proclus,
6185:4.242 ff.
6060:Asclepius
6012:571–595).
5936:8.46(25).
5915:Proclus,
5776:Pindarus
5707:Tzetzes,
5696:Aethiopis
5690:Proclus,
5491:, p. 251.
5465:, p. 251.
5448:Servius,
5363:"Petteia"
5339:Φ 35–155.
4755:Achilleid
4753:Statius,
4676:Histories
4486:Hyginus,
4468:1.269–270
4465:Achilleid
4408:4.869–879
4329:Hyginus,
4307:Photius,
3961:Palamedes
3953:Iphigenia
3846:Alaksandu
3753:Çanakkale
3740:Euripides
3705:Troy VIIa
3653:Troy Game
3651:and the "
3502:, father
3448:Telegonus
3377:Thrinacia
3369:Teiresias
3259:Argyrippa
3247:Aegialeia
3172:Phreattys
3128:Aegisthus
2904:Palladium
2895:Deiphobus
2879:Cassandra
2764:, son of
2734:Thersites
2730:Eurypylus
2722:Hippolyte
2678:Scamander
2670:Aeschines
2666:Aeschylus
2624:Agamemnon
2578:, son of
2576:Aegisthus
2502:Polydorus
2479:Patroclus
2464:Peisidice
2456:Antandrus
2342:, son of
2276:, 420 BC)
2226:Miletians
2222:Maeonians
2218:Phrygians
2214:Halizones
2212:archers,
2202:Thracians
2110:Iphigenia
2058:Arcadians
2027:Idomeneus
1993:Pausanias
1956:Palamedes
1944:La Olmeda
1908:Herodotus
1880:Phoenicia
1787:Tyndareus
1752:Lycomedes
1688:Mount Ida
1495:Agamemnon
1456:Aphrodite
1407:Euripides
1403:Sophocles
1399:Aeschylus
1318:Aethiopis
1272:Greek art
965:Narcissus
941:Pirithous
862:Labyrinth
775:Argonauts
691:Olympians
557:See also:
511:Attarsiya
501:Alaksandu
471:Scamander
446:Aphrodite
367:See also:
327:Cassandra
282:See also:
276:Myrmidons
266:Thersites
261:Patroclus
221:Agamemnon
149:See also:
72:Patroclus
8683:Odysseus
8477:Diadochi
8254:Telegony
8171:Stasinus
8114:Archived
8032:Archived
7782:Archived
7761:10 April
7752:Archived
7750:: 7–10.
7735:Telephus
7682:Archived
7655:Archived
7629:Archived
7614:Archived
7556:Archived
7526:Archived
7499:Archived
7475:Archived
7447:Archived
7411:Archived
7297:Archived
7259:Archived
7239:Archived
7104:, p. 10.
7087:Latacz,
6987:Telegony
6981:Proclus
6846:Virgil,
6424:5.19–20.
6377:Virgil,
6355:5.16–15.
5932:Pindar,
5763:Virgil,
5637:i.18 ff.
5600:Archived
5259:Archived
5165:23 April
5159:Archived
4928:On Piety
4846:Isthmian
4844:Pindar,
4811:Heroicus
4585:3.11.15.
4577:Pindar,
4471:Archived
4448:Archived
4425:Archived
4411:Archived
4294:fr. 57;
4290:Hesiod,
4279:Isthmian
4273:Pindar,
4174:Republic
4048:Archived
3986:(1956),
3957:Polyxena
3904:Hittites
3848:treaty (
3824:Ahhiyawa
3815:Egyptian
3674:Sosibius
3550:Carthage
3546:Dardanus
3504:Anchises
3496:Ascanius
3478:Augustus
3440:Telegony
3434:Telegony
3427:Telegony
3282:Calabria
3255:Canusium
3239:Phaleron
3216:Hermione
3200:Molossus
3176:Peiraeus
3081:Demophon
3070:Astyanax
2916:Hittites
2854:—
2790:Polyxena
2766:Tithonus
2762:Ethiopia
2643:Pandaros
2635:Chryseis
2580:Thyestes
2571:Nauplius
2560:Diomedes
2510:Tecmessa
2506:Phrygian
2471:Chryseis
2428:Colophon
2360:Podarces
2352:Laomedon
2344:Poseidon
2291:Atreidae
2274:lekythos
2234:Sarpedon
2210:Paionian
2206:Ciconian
2186:Zeleians
2156:Boeotian
2070:went to
2068:Telephus
2054:Telephus
2044:Telephus
2031:Achilles
1978:Deidamia
1965:' king,
1814:hecatomb
1806:Penelope
1728:ambrosia
1683:Kallistē
1678:καλλίστῃ
1651:Caucasus
1647:Heracles
1645:, after
1507:Achilles
1342:Telegony
1278:and the
1252:Troy VII
1213:Hisarlık
1159:Odysseus
1131:narrated
1123:Menelaus
1103:Achaeans
1010:Centaurs
970:Meleager
912:Phaethon
869:Atalanta
857:Daedalus
833:Minotaur
756:Odysseus
744:Diomedes
734:Achilles
722:Heracles
706:Chthonic
643:a series
641:Part of
516:Hisarlık
496:Ahhiyawa
433:Poseidon
361:Sarpedon
354:and the
271:Achaeans
256:Diomedes
246:Odysseus
236:Menelaus
226:Achilles
163:Episodes
111:, Book 2
68:Achilles
8600: (
8538: (
8310:Archaic
8242:Odyssey
8207:Lesches
7983:Please
7975:use of
7303:1 April
7183:Bibcode
7174:Geology
7156:29 July
6957:Electra
6935:Odyssey
6933:Homer,
6922:Epitome
6900:Epitome
6887:Odyssey
6885:Homer,
6874:Odyssey
6872:Homer,
6863:13.259.
6861:Odyssey
6835:Odyssey
6833:Homer,
6822:Epitome
6764:Epitome
6751:Epitome
6738:Epitome
6694:Epitome
6672:Epitome
6656:Epitome
6639:Epitome
6624:Homer,
6596:Fabulae
6566:Epitome
6536:Epitome
6519:Epitome
6513:Homer,
6494:Epitome
6481:Epitome
6451:Epitome
6422:Epitome
6400:Epitome
6383:Fabulae
6366:Epitome
6353:Epitome
6349:Odyssey
6347:Homer,
6298:Epitome
6285:Epitome
6281:Odyssey
6279:Homer,
6256:Tzetzes
6248:Epitome
6235:Epitome
6213:Epitome
6209:Odyssey
6207:Homer,
6196:Epitome
6183:Odyssey
6181:Homer,
6161:Epitome
6148:Odyssey
6136:Epitome
6110:Epitome
6097:Epitome
6080:Epitome
6027:Fabulae
6023:Epitome
5994:Helenus
5986:Epitome
5947:Epitome
5895:Odyssey
5893:Homer,
5882:Odyssey
5848:Epitome
5802:4.75.4.
5780:vi. 30.
5778:Pythian
5725:Epitome
5651:Epitome
5502:Epitome
5476:Epitome
5335:Homer,
5326:3.12.5.
5324:Library
5275:Epitome
5253:Epitome
5196:ii.701.
5181:Epitome
5135:Epitome
5113:Epitome
5091:Epitome
5078:Epitome
5065:Epitome
5032:Homer,
4915:Epitome
4891:Pliny,
4871:Epitome
4824:Epitome
4798:Epitome
4792:Homer,
4733:Epitome
4720:Epitome
4691:3.12.7.
4689:Library
4663:Epitome
4637:Epitome
4596:Epitome
4583:Library
4579:Pythian
4542:3.10.9.
4540:Library
4527:Fabulae
4523:Library
4512:3.10.7.
4510:Library
4488:Fabulae
4442:Library
4419:Library
4397:3.13.8.
4395:Library
4372:3.12.5.
4370:Library
4344:Epitome
4331:Fabulae
4262:Library
4251:11.217.
4245:Fabulae
4187:Epitome
4176:2,379e.
4172:Plato,
3928:Troädes
3775:geology
3701:Troy VI
3678:Timaeus
3670:Ephorus
3613:Romulus
3601:Silvius
3593:Lavinia
3589:Latinus
3524:Penates
3500:Misenus
3444:Odyssey
3416:Phemius
3412:Eumaeus
3408:suitors
3393:Scheria
3389:Calypso
3362:Cyclops
3358:Odyssey
3337:Odyssey
3330:Odyssey
3319:Elysium
3315:Proteus
3311:Odyssey
3266:Petilia
3251:Aetolia
3208:Macedon
3158:Myconos
3132:Electra
3091:Returns
3052:Antenor
3002:amphora
2978:Laocoön
2967:Tenedos
2912:Kêteioi
2818:Exekias
2800:River.
2778:Indians
2726:Machaon
2714:Amazons
2631:Chryses
2620:Chryses
2536:petteia
2491:petteia
2426:, then
2424:Phocaea
2412:Troilus
2408:Pedasus
2384:Pompeii
2376:Briseis
2356:Achates
2326:Arrival
2320:Minyans
2287:Tenedos
2238:Carians
2232:led by
2230:Lycians
2114:Theseus
2106:Artemis
2076:Orestes
2023:Cinyras
1986:Phoenix
1904:Salamis
1900:Telamon
1896:Hesione
1892:Colchis
1845:Nephele
1795:Nemesis
1723:Calchas
1538:Odyssey
1503:Achaean
1499:Mycenae
1376:Odyssey
1347:Proclus
1296:Odyssey
1280:Odyssey
1262:Sources
1154:Odyssey
1015:Dragons
997:Related
987:Amazons
850:Chimera
845:Pegasus
828:Theseus
821:Orphism
816:Orpheus
804:Oedipus
787:Perseus
762:Odyssey
727:Labours
673:Deities
593:Mycenae
461:Artemis
356:Amazons
347:Troilus
8606:Second
8552:Fourth
8544:Second
8226:Nostoi
8166:Cypria
7946:
7938:
7923:
7915:
7898:
7882:
7867:
7859:, The
7845:
7820:
7805:
7797:
7723:
7708:
7673:Strabo
7665:
7610:Kypria
7595:
7587:
7579:
7571:
7540:
7511:Hecuba
7495:Hecuba
7461:
7430:
7422:
7398:
7368:Roman
7289:
7113:Wood,
6889:4.382.
6876:4.360.
6848:Aeneid
6837:3.191.
6709:13.66.
6628:3.144.
6609:Hecuba
6502:Aeneid
6379:Aeneid
5897:λ 542.
5884:λ.547.
5822:Hecuba
5767:8.372.
5765:Aeneid
5575:
5548:
5149:"Troy"
4445:3.13.6
4422:3.13.6
4298:fr. 4.
4296:Cypria
4275:Nemean
4264:3.168.
4094:
4025:
3833:Wilusa
3828:Assuwa
3783:Strabo
3690:Douris
3637:Iulius
3581:Aeneid
3571:, the
3544:where
3516:Creusa
3482:Aeneid
3473:Aeneid
3466:Aeneid
3459:Aeneid
3385:Ogygia
3381:Helios
3274:Thurii
3270:Croton
3235:Attica
3229:, but
3220:Delphi
3196:Epirus
3184:Megara
3180:Cyprus
3168:Teucer
3142:Nestor
3136:Furies
3120:Euboea
3085:Acamas
3077:Aethra
3063:Hecuba
2958:Epeius
2900:Pelops
2863:Pindar
2798:Danube
2758:Memnon
2718:Otrera
2593:Cypria
2586:Mutiny
2564:Dictys
2556:Cypria
2483:Imbros
2475:Lycaon
2438:, and
2434:, and
2432:Smyrna
2430:, and
2420:Lesbos
2400:Sestos
2396:Abydos
2340:Cycnus
2295:Lemnos
2143:, the
2126:Hecate
2122:Hesiod
2038:Apollo
1967:Nestor
1940:mosaic
1876:Europa
1748:Skyros
1706:hydria
1662:Hermes
1655:Aeacus
1639:Themis
1594:Themis
1582:Uranus
1578:Cronus
1542:Aeneid
1540:, and
1523:Romans
1515:Hector
1468:Thetis
1464:Peleus
1454:, and
1452:Athena
1427:Legend
1421:Aeneas
1416:Aeneid
1395:Athens
1339:, and
1336:Nostoi
1312:Cypria
1300:Ithaca
1228:sieges
1217:Turkey
1175:Virgil
1127:Sparta
1113:after
1107:Greeks
1005:Satyrs
982:Otrera
929:Pelops
904:Aeneid
898:Aeneas
891:Thebes
886:Cadmus
809:Sphinx
797:Gorgon
792:Medusa
739:Hector
696:Nymphs
686:Titans
551:Wilusa
451:Apollo
428:Thetis
423:Hermes
408:Athena
342:Memnon
337:Aeneas
317:Hector
312:Hecuba
241:Nestor
109:Aeneid
8610:Third
8602:First
8548:Third
8540:First
8247:Homer
8231:Agias
8183:Homer
8178:Iliad
7755:(PDF)
7740:(PDF)
7648:, in
7606:, in
7505:, in
7487:Helen
7481:, in
7471:Helen
7453:, in
7235:Iliad
6959:1405.
6924:6.23.
6902:6.29.
6850:3.400
6766:6.14.
6753:6.13.
6707:Iliad
6674:5.24.
6658:6.11.
6626:Iliad
6568:5.23.
6538:5.23.
6515:Iliad
6483:5.22.
6453:5.21.
6402:5.18.
6287:5.15.
6215:5.14.
6198:5.13.
6163:5.12.
6150:λ.520
6138:5.11.
5962:i.43.
5960:Cent.
5622:Iliad
5337:Iliad
5194:Iliad
5183:3.30.
5137:3.31.
5115:3.29.
5093:3.28.
5080:3.26.
5067:3.27.
5034:Iliad
4981:1,10.
4960:190).
4917:3.19.
4873:3.20.
4826:3.15.
4794:Iliad
4768:Iliad
4650:Helen
4598:2.15.
4568:190).
4346:E.3.2
4241:Iliad
3923:Iliad
3857:Iliad
3797:Iliad
3779:Iliad
3635:name
3625:Venus
3617:Remus
3585:Dante
3573:Sibyl
3569:Cumae
3520:Lares
3512:Mimas
3508:Iapyx
3489:Iliad
3485:'
3452:Circe
3404:Argos
3373:Hades
3243:Argos
3237:, in
3227:Lycus
3212:Phtia
3162:Delos
2983:Sinon
2914:, or
2794:Leuke
2690:Iliad
2682:Iliad
2674:Plato
2611:Iliad
2604:Iliad
2597:Anius
2444:Tenos
2309:Priam
2305:Tenes
2301:Medon
2250:Iliad
2174:Iliad
2137:Iliad
2097:Troäd
2072:Aulis
2050:Mysia
2019:Aulis
1963:Pylos
1942:from
1936:Iliad
1890:from
1888:Medea
1886:took
1884:Jason
1857:Sidon
1837:Crete
1833:Cupid
1760:below
1758:(see
1590:Momus
1534:Iliad
1527:Italy
1372:Iliad
1292:Iliad
1276:Iliad
1171:Roman
1149:Iliad
1144:Iliad
1139:Homer
1119:Helen
1115:Paris
770:Jason
701:Water
322:Paris
307:Priam
231:Helen
176:Helen
97:Iliad
8658:Troy
7944:ISBN
7936:ISBN
7921:ISBN
7913:ISBN
7896:ISBN
7880:ISBN
7865:ISBN
7843:ISBN
7818:ISBN
7803:ISBN
7795:ISBN
7763:2007
7721:ISBN
7706:ISBN
7663:ISBN
7593:ISBN
7585:ISBN
7577:ISBN
7569:ISBN
7538:ISBN
7459:ISBN
7428:ISBN
7420:ISBN
7396:ISBN
7364:, a
7305:2023
7287:ISBN
7221:2008
7158:2011
6740:6.12
6696:6.6.
6598:109.
6385:135;
6099:5.9.
5973:Ajax
5949:5.6.
5870:Ajax
5850:5.5.
5727:5.3.
5711:999.
5653:5.1.
5608:2021
5573:ISBN
5546:ISBN
5522:See
5504:6.9.
5452:2.81
5427:2006
5401:2006
5375:2006
5352:210.
5350:Ajax
5299:Z,35
5256:3.32
5167:2021
4800:3.9.
4757:1.25
4735:3.7.
4722:3.6.
4678:1.2.
4665:3.4.
4639:3.3.
4311:190.
4230:767.
4092:ISBN
4056:2022
4023:ISBN
3995:Troy
3967:and
3955:and
3842:Seha
3808:Troy
3631:gens
3522:and
3438:The
3272:and
3257:and
3083:and
2786:heel
2774:Susa
2768:and
2672:and
2647:Ares
2452:Side
2450:and
2440:Cyme
2422:and
2398:and
2236:and
2149:1186
1829:Eros
1791:Leda
1736:Styx
1692:Asia
1586:Hera
1574:gods
1570:Zeus
1511:Ajax
1509:and
1466:and
1460:Eris
1448:Hera
1435:The
1405:and
1359:and
1286:and
1240:12th
1222:The
1207:met
1194:13th
1184:The
1179:Ovid
1177:and
1111:Troy
1093:The
476:Zeus
466:Leto
456:Ares
418:Hera
395:Eris
251:Ajax
131:Ajax
7991:or
7748:133
7563:, (
7191:doi
6985:2,
6551:4,
6334:4,
6304:3,
6066:3,
6045:3,
6000:3,
5919:3,
5824:40.
5694:2,
5542:223
4943:27.
4652:40.
4529:77.
4490:96.
4333:92.
4206:68.
4132:12.
3973:by
3963:by
3947:by
3937:by
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3659:).
3567:At
3371:in
3348:by
3301:'s
3174:in
3160:or
3148:in
2816:by
2770:Eos
2760:of
2382:in
1902:of
1762:).
1641:or
1592:or
1439:by
1357:7th
1288:6th
1284:9th
1242:or
1196:or
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