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146:). During 1904 Pennell traveled through the Punjab by bicycle, mixing with the local people, with one Afghan companion. He dressed as a sadhu, and was often penniless. He was amazed at the missionaries’ bungalows, more like forts than houses, separating them from the local people, where they sat waiting for inquirers to come to them rather than going out to sit with the people. He was disappointed at the low level of conduct of most
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in Bannu, Jahan Khan. The mullahs strongly opposed his work, warning people not to accept his medicine. The mullahs tried to drive people away by telling them that the medicines contained alcohol and pig's blood, and would turn them forcibly into
Christians. They also said that if the people were fated to die, then it would be better to die as believers.
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shot dead soon after making his profession of faith. In 1896, Pennell was invited to visit the bandit Chakki. Pennell shared the gospel with him to such an effect that soon afterwards Chakki left his banditry; he wrote to
Pennell: "I constantly meditate on your words and I have given up killing and robbery."
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Pennell built a small hospital at Bannu with his mother's money. In 1895, he opened a mission boarding school. Several Muslim inquirers showed an interest in baptism, but faced great opposition from relatives and other
Muslims. Among his converts were Tayib Khan and Sayyid Badshah. Sayyid Badshah was
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In
October 1893, he moved to Bannu to present the gospel to travelers to and from Afghanistan. He was fluent in Urdu and Pushtu by then. He combined medical work with public preaching in Pushtu and selling Christian literature, in Bannu and the surrounding villages, accompanied by the first Christian
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In 1909, Pennell was again seriously ill in Bannu and on his recovery, he was showered with flowers and congratulations by the local people. On 15 March 1912, a very sick patient was admitted to Bannu hospital with a dangerous infectious illness. Pennell's colleague Dr. William Hal
Barnett operated
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Pennell was also afraid that concentrating on the
Chuhras would deter high-caste Hindus and Muslims from coming to Christ. He felt that pressure to produce results in terms of numbers of baptismal candidates was leading to superficial evangelism and slipshod practices, although he acknowledged that
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As I travelled, I sometimes rejoiced and sometimes was saddened. I rejoiced that in almost every village and bustee I would meet a
Christian, and saddened that that so many of them did not smell like Christians. The missions have the custom of baptising Chuhras and Chamars, and changing their names
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In 1897, Pennell bought a printing press from Lahore and began publishing a newspaper. There was fighting between the
British and the Wazirs but Pennell refused to have an armed guard. "Our best defence is our loving relationship with the tribes," he said. "Rifles and other weapons cannot protect
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us." In 1898 Pennell passed his
Persian exams and began studying Arabic. He preached regularly in Bannu bazaar, despite opposition. Once an Afghan bit his finger, but in court Pennell still pleaded for the Afghan's release. Later three Afghans became Christians.
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on him, and fell sick himself. Pennell operated on
Barnett and he too fell sick. Within a few days, Dr. Barnett died and two days later Pennell also died, conscious to the end and unafraid of death. He died at the age of 45 in 1912, from
94:(CMS) in 1890. His father had died during his childhood, so he developed a very close relationship with his mother. When CMS sent Pennell to India, his mother decided to go too, and they both began learning Urdu. They reached
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In 1908, Pennell became very ill and had to return to England, the first time in 16 years. While there, his mother died. On his return to India he got engaged and married to a Parsee doctor,
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In 1901, Pennell began learning Punjabi. In 1903 his disciple, Jahan Khan, went as the first Afghan foreign missionary to the Gulf and East Africa (
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Among the Wild Tribes of the Afghan Frontier : A Record of Sixteen Years Close Intercourse with the Natives of the Indian Marches
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Footnotes to History: The Personal Realm of John Wilson Croker, Secretary to the Admiralty (1809–1830), a "Group Family"
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many of the Chuhra Christians were worthy spiritual leaders. He was afraid that many so-called Christian workers were "
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and qualified as a doctor (MB, MRCS, LRCP) in 1890, completing his MD and FRCS in 1891. He offered his services to the
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without examining them, with the result that their misdoings are a blot on the Christian religion.
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Pennell of the Afghan Frontier; The Life of Theodore Leighton Pennell, M.D., B.Sc., F.R.C.S
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Onder de wilde stammen op de grenzen van Afghanistan, De Aarde en haar Volken, 1917
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for public service in India. He published a work on his life under the title
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dress and living with the people. He made his first visit to
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leaving his widow. His wife died in 1951, aged 76 years, in
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Saleeb kay Alambardar (Pioneer Missionaries of the Punjab)
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A History of Black and Asian Writing in Britain, 1700–2000
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Born in England in 1867, Theodore Pennell was educated at
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in 1893 and established relationships with the Masud and
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Harris, Nigel (2015). "6, Rio and the Afghan Frontier".
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Books and articles by or about Theodore Leighton Pennell
230:. Brighton & Eastbourne: Sussex Academic Press.
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334:. Punjab Religious Book Society, Lahore. 1957.
366:Among the Wild Tribes of the Afghan Frontier
172:", working for the mission for money alone.
72:Among the wild tribes of the Afghan frontier
353:Works by or about Theodore Leighton Pennell
283:(Cambridge University Press, 2002): 283.
221:. London: Seeley, Service & Co., Ltd.
212:. London: Seeley, Service & Co., Ltd.
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74:in 1908. Pennell House at
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30:Theodore Leighton Pennell
25:Theodore Leighton Pennell
321:British Medical Journal
301:"Dr. Pennell, of India"
217:Pennell, Alice (1914).
206:Pennell, T. L. (1909).
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305:The Missionary Review
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82:Early years and 1890s
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68:Kaisar-i-Hind Medal
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259:"Marriages"
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263:The Lancet
246:References
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317:"Deaths"
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64:Pakistan
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