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400:. Since most polymers are incompatible with one another, forming a block polymer will usually result in phase separation, and the principle has been widely exploited since the introduction of the SBS block polymers, especially where one of the block is highly crystalline. One exception to the rule of incompatibility is the material
163:. Thermoplastic elastomers show advantages typical of both rubbery materials and plastic materials. The benefit of using thermoplastic elastomers is the ability to stretch to moderate elongations and return to its near original shape creating a longer life and better physical range than other materials.
436:
Depending on the environment, TPEs have outstanding thermal properties and material stability when exposed to a broad range of temperatures and non-polar materials. TPEs consume less energy to produce, can be colored easily by most dyes, and allow economical quality control. TPE requires little or no
348:
blocks, the former separating into spheres or rods depending on the exact composition. With low polystyrene content, the material is elastomeric with the properties of the polybutadiene predominating. Generally they offer a much wider range of properties than conventional cross-linked rubbers because
331:
TPE became a commercial reality when thermoplastic polyurethane polymers became available in the 1950s. During the 1960s styrene block copolymer became available, and in the 1970s a wide range of TPEs came on the scene. The worldwide usage of TPEs (680,000 tons/year in 1990) is growing at about nine
419:
Other TPEs have crystalline domains where one kind of block co-crystallizes with other block in adjacent chains, such as in copolyester rubbers, achieving the same effect as in the SBS block polymers. Depending on the block length, the domains are generally more stable than the latter owing to the
515:
Owing to their unrivaled abilities in two-component injection molding to various thermoplastic substrates, engineered TPS materials also cover a broad range of technical applications ranging from automotive market to consumer and medical products. Examples of those are soft grip surfaces, design
437:
compounding, with no need to add reinforcing agents, stabilizers or cure systems. Hence, batch-to-batch variations in weighting and metering components are absent, leading to improved consistency in both raw materials and fabricated articles. TPE materials have the potential to be
470:
is seldom, if ever, used. Fabrication via injection molding is extremely rapid and highly economical. Both the equipment and methods normally used for the extrusion or injection molding of a conventional thermoplastic are generally suitable for TPEs. TPEs can also be processed by
499:
TPEs are used where conventional elastomers cannot provide the range of physical properties needed in the product. These materials find large application in the automotive sector and in household appliances sector. For instance, copolyester TPEs are used in
441:
since they can be molded, extruded and reused like plastics, but they have typical elastic properties of rubbers which are not recyclable owing to their thermosetting characteristics. They can also be ground up and turned into 3D printing filament with a
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for automotive performance applications because of its greater resistance to deformation when compared to regular rubber bushings. Thermoplastics have experienced growth in the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
424:. That point determines the processing temperatures needed to shape the material, as well as the ultimate service use temperatures of the product. Such materials include Hytrel, a polyester-polyether copolymer and
360:
Block copolymers are interesting because they can "microphase separate" to form periodic nanostructures, as in the styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) block copolymer shown at right. The polymer is known as
392:
of the polystyrene blocks in the main picture is 102,000; the inset picture has a molecular weight of 91,000, producing slightly smaller domains. The spacing between domains has been confirmed by
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Alemán, J. V.; Chadwick, A. V.; He, J.; Hess, M.; Horie, K.; Jones, R. G.; KratochvĂl, P.; Meisel, I.; Mita, I.; Moad, G.; Penczek, S.; Stepto, R. F. T. (1 January 2007).
504:
tracks where stiffness and abrasion resistance are at a premium. Thermoplastic olefins (TPO) are increasingly used as a roofing material. TPEs are also widely used for
508:
where nylon block copolymers offer a range of softness ideal for patients. Thermoplastic silicone and olefin blends are used for extrusion of glass run and dynamic
243:
TPE materials that come from the block copolymers group include CAWITON†, MELIFLEX, THERMOLAST K†, THERMOLAST M†, Chemiton, Arnitel, Hytrel, Dryflex†, Mediprene,
584:"Definitions of terms relating to the structure and processing of sols, gels, networks, and inorganic-organic hybrid materials (IUPAC Recommendations 2007)"
557:
174:
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89:
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elements, back-lit switches and surfaces, as well as sealings, gaskets, or damping elements. TPE is commonly used to make suspension
305:
The ability to be stretched to moderate elongations and, upon the removal of stress, return to something close to its original shape
61:
42:
202:
There are six generic classes of commercial TPEs (designations according to ISO 18064) together with one unclassified category:
623:
68:
799:
712:"Is Flexible 3D Printer Filament Worth the Investment? | 3DPrint.com | The Voice of 3D Printing / Additive Manufacturing"
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bond in their structures. In fact, crosslinking is a critical structural factor which imparts high elastic properties.
818:
512:
car profiles. Styrene block copolymers are used in shoe soles for their ease of processing, and widely as adhesives.
159:, thermoplastic elastomers are not, in contrast making them relatively easy to use in manufacturing, for example, by
108:
57:
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In order to qualify as a thermoplastic elastomer, a material must have these three essential characteristics:
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Sarlink, Santoprene, Termoton, Solprene, THERMOLAST V, Vegaprene, and
Forprene are examples of TPV materials.
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The styrene-butadiene materials possess a two-phase microstructure due to incompatibility between the
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82:
209:
761:"ASTM D6878 / D6878M - 17 Standard Specification for Thermoplastic Polyolefin Based Sheet Roofing"
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The principal difference between thermoset elastomers and thermoplastic elastomers is the type of
35:
680:"Distributed Manufacturing of Flexible Products: Technical Feasibility and Economic Viability"
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and have been shown to be economically advantageous to make products using
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Modern
Plastic Mid-October Encyclopedia Issue, Introduction to TPEs,
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144:(usually a plastic and a rubber) that consist of materials with both
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737:"Processing methods for thermoplastic elastomers-TPE - Introduction"
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Laripur, Desmopan, Estane, Texin and
Elastollan are examples of
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Type of polymer with both thermoplastic and elastic properties
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Latest
Material and Technological Developments for Activewear
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The two most important manufacturing methods with TPEs are
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the composition can vary to suit final construction goals.
388:, so helping to create a very regular microstructure. The
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653:"Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPEs): An Ultimate Guide"
581:
273:elastomers (TPO) compound are For-Tec E or Engage.
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
678:Woern, Aubrey L.; Pearce, Joshua M. (2017-10-30).
408:or PPO form a continuous blend with one another.
184:Elastomer comprising a thermoreversible network.
810:
251:†indicates styrenic block copolymers (TPE-s).
529:into a variety of covers, fans and housings.
308:Processable as a melt at elevated temperature
428:, a nylon or polyamide-polyether copolymer.
396:, a technique which gives information about
327:SBS block copolymer schematic microstructure
677:
247:, Pibiflex, Sofprene†, Tuftec†and Laprene†.
558:"The Benefits of Hytrel in Modern Belting"
233:Unclassified thermoplastic elastomers, TPZ
695:
599:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
531:
490:
410:
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322:
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536:Recycled TPE foam and fabric lamination
458:and injection molding. TPEs can now be
811:
555:
369:. Owing to the microfine structure, a
227:Thermoplastic copolyester, TPC (TPE-E)
206:Styrenic block copolymers, TPS (TPE-s)
415:Schematic crystalline block copolymer
286:Criteria for thermoplastic elastomers
230:Thermoplastic polyamides, TPA (TPE-A)
551:
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47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
377:to provide contrast in the image.
13:
780:
210:Thermoplastic polyolefinelastomers
14:
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371:transmission electron microscope
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365:and is used for shoe soles and
34:needs additional citations for
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384:so that the blocks are almost
1:
540:
449:
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394:small-angle X-ray scattering
128:), sometimes referred to as
7:
697:10.3390/technologies5040071
257:thermoplastic polyurethanes
237:
222:Thermoplastic polyurethanes
198:Thermoplastic polyurethanes
10:
845:
588:Pure and Applied Chemistry
495:Chef's knife with TPE grip
356:SBS block copolymer in TEM
318:
216:Thermoplastic vulcanizates
155:While most elastomers are
624:"Innovation in materials"
464:distributed manufacturing
380:The material was made by
58:"Thermoplastic elastomer"
819:Thermoplastic elastomers
404:, where polystyrene and
189:
182:Thermoplastic elastomer:
142:physical mix of polymers
122:Thermoplastic elastomers
601:10.1351/pac200779101801
311:Absence of significant
786:PR Lewis and C Price,
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802:, (Joanne Yip, 2020,
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382:living polymerization
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130:thermoplastic rubbers
475:, melt calendaring,
271:thermoplastic olefin
218:, TPV (TPE-v or TPV)
43:improve this article
468:Compression molding
406:polyphenylene oxide
332:percent per year.
628:www.hutchinson.com
556:Levensalor, Alex.
538:
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161:injection moulding
136:), are a class of
594:(10): 1801–1829.
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560:. Archived from
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510:weatherstripping
390:molecular weight
375:osmium tetroxide
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659:. SpecialChem
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32:This article
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824:Biomaterials
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795:page:109-110
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768:. Retrieved
765:www.astm.org
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720:. Retrieved
718:. 2017-10-30
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684:Technologies
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661:. Retrieved
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636:. Retrieved
632:the original
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566:. Retrieved
562:the original
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487:Applications
481:heat welding
473:blow molding
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386:monodisperse
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269:Examples of
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41:Please help
36:verification
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804:page 66-67)
716:3dprint.com
342:polystyrene
279:3D printing
224:, TPU (TPU)
150:elastomeric
813:Categories
770:2018-03-18
746:2016-10-27
741:www.tut.fi
722:2018-03-10
638:2017-02-27
568:2016-10-27
541:References
502:snowmobile
460:3D printed
450:Processing
444:recyclebot
439:recyclable
432:Advantages
177:definition
157:thermosets
138:copolymers
69:newspapers
690:(4): 71.
663:1 January
506:catheters
456:extrusion
367:adhesives
277:used for
275:Ninjaflex
829:Polymers
610:97620232
518:bushings
238:Examples
788:Polymer
657:Omnexus
319:History
83:scholar
608:
479:, and
363:Kraton
290:": -->
259:(TPU).
245:Kraton
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606:S2CID
426:Pebax
402:Noryl
313:creep
190:Types
175:IUPAC
140:or a
90:JSTOR
76:books
665:2024
523:HVAC
344:and
292:edit
148:and
62:news
692:doi
596:doi
134:TPR
126:TPE
45:by
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