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spacecraft, obtainable only by telescopic observation. All the observatories that could have done this were clouded over, except
Oakland's Chabot Observatory, where members of the Eastbay Astronomical Society had been tracking the Moon flights. EAS members received an urgent call from NASA Ames Research Station, which had ties with Chabot's educational program since the 60s, and they put the Observatory's historic 20-inch refractor to work. They were able to send the needed data to Ames, and the Apollo crew was able to make the needed correction and to return safely to Earth on this date in 1970.
773:
962:
1015:
140:
214:
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155:
20:
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1290:
1104:
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167:
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542:, independently detected and recorded transmissions between the Apollo 11 astronauts on the lunar surface and the Lunar Module. Recordings made by Baysinger share certain characteristics with recordings made at Bochum Observatory by Kaminski, in that both Kaminski's and Baysinger's recordings do not include the
1197:
missions. Most MSFN stations were only needed during the launch, Earth orbit and landing phases of the lunar missions, but three "deep space" sites with larger antennas provided continuous coverage during the trans-lunar, trans-Earth and lunar mission phases. Today, these three sites form the NASA
1003:
After the images shown here were taken, the LRO mission moved into a lower orbit for higher resolution camera work. All of the sites have since been re-imaged at higher resolution. Comparison of the original 16 mm Apollo 17 LM camera footage during ascent to the 2011 LRO photos of the landing
735:
and dust were collected during the Apollo 11, 12, 14, 15, 16 and 17 missions. Some 10 kg (22 lb) of the Moon rocks have been used in hundreds of experiments performed by both NASA researchers and planetary scientists at research institutions unaffiliated with NASA. These experiments have
618:
Rachel, Chabot
Observatory's 20-inch refracting telescope, helps bring Apollo 13 and its crew home. One last burn of the lunar lander engines was needed before the crippled spacecraft's re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere. In order to compute that last burn, NASA needed a precise position of the
874:
are received from the Moon. The dark line shows that a large number come back at a specific time, and hence were reflected by something quite small (well under a metre in size). Photons reflected from the surface come back over a much broader range of times (the whole vertical range of the plot
287:
Aside from NASA, a number of entities and individuals observed, through various means, the Apollo missions as they took place. On later missions, NASA released information to the public explaining where third party observers could expect to see the various craft at specific times according to
865:
observatories regularly use the Apollo LRRR. Lick
Observatory attempted to detect from Apollo 11's retroreflector while Armstrong and Aldrin were still on the Moon but did not succeed until August 1, 1969. The Apollo 14 astronauts deployed a retroreflector on February 5, 1971, and McDonald
2801:
NASA's Lunar
Reconnaissance Orbiter, or LRO, has returned its first imagery of the Apollo Moon landing sites. The pictures show the Apollo missions' lunar module descent stages sitting on the moon's surface, as long shadows from a low sun angle make the modules' locations
875:
corresponds to only 18 metres or so in range). The concentration of photons at a specific time appears when the laser is aimed at the
Apollos 11, 14 or 15 landing sites; otherwise the expected featureless distribution is observed. The Apollo reflectors are still in use.
1007:
Further imaging in 2012 shows the shadows cast by the flags planted by the astronauts on all Apollo landing sites. The exception is that of Apollo 11, which matches Buzz Aldrin's account of the flag being blown over by the lander's rocket exhaust on leaving the Moon.
180:
The light-colored area of blown lunar surface dust created by the lunar module engine blast at the Apollo 15 landing site was photographed and confirmed by comparative analysis of photographs in May 2008. They correspond well to photographs taken from the Apollo 15
267:, which was launched in 2010 is capable of capturing lunar surface images with a resolution of up to 1.3 metres. It claims to have spotted traces of the Apollo landings and the lunar Rover, though the relevant imagery has not been publicly identified.
987:
tire tracks. These images are the most effective proof to date to rebut the "landing hoax" theories. Although this probe was indeed launched by NASA, the camera and the interpretation of the images are under the control of an academic group â the
952:
by imaging the Apollo landing sites. The telescope was used to image the Moon and provided a resolution of 130 meters (430 ft), which was not good enough to resolve the 4.2 meters (14 ft) wide lunar landers or their long shadows.
1251:. It would have been relatively easy for NASA to avoid using the Parkes Observatory to receive the Apollo 11 EVA television signals by scheduling the EVA at an earlier time when the Goldstone station could provide complete coverage.
903:(LRO) and its retroreflector is now in use. Both the United States and the USSR had the capability to soft-land objects on the surface of the Moon for several years before that. The USSR successfully landed its first uncrewed probe (
1088:
Comparison of the Apollo 17 landing site between the original 16 mm footage shot from the LM window during ascent in 1972, and the 2011 lunar reconnaissance orbiter image of the Apollo 17 landing site. From the EEVdiscover
695:
using their sole quad machine. The transmissions are only of the astronauts and do not contain any voice from
Houston, as the signal received came from the Moon only. The videotapes are held in storage at the observatory.
878:
Strictly speaking, although retroreflectors left by Apollo astronauts are strong evidence that human-manufactured artifacts currently exist on the Moon and that human visitors left them there, they are not, on their own,
1237:, Australia, to supplement the three deep space sites, most famously during the Apollo 11 EVA as documented by radio astronomer John Sarkissian and portrayed (humorously and not quite accurately) in the 2000 film
869:
The image on the left shows what is considered some of the most unambiguous evidence. This experiment repeatedly fires a laser at the Moon, at the spots where the Apollo landings were reported. The dots show when
722:
In this section is evidence, by independent researchers, that NASA's account is correct. However, at least somewhere in the investigation, there was some NASA involvement, or use of US government resources.
1014:
791:
pulses sent to the Moon (X axis). This data, along with similar data from the other landing sites, shows there are man-made objects on the Moon in the locations of the Apollo landings. Credit: The
413:
Justus Dunlap and others at
Corralitos Observatory (then operated by Northwestern University) obtained over 400 short-exposure intensified images, giving very accurate locations for the spacecraft.
77:
In this section are only those observations that are completely independent of NASAâno NASA facilities were used, and there was no NASA funding. Each of the countries mentioned in this section (
406:
to observe a cluster of objects which were obscured by the appearance of a nebulous cloud at a time which matches a firing of the service module engine to assure adequate separation from the
279:, which was launched in 2022 is capable of capturing lunar surface images. It imaged both Apollo 11 and Apollo 17 landing sites in 2023, with a good enough resolution to spot the landers.
608:
Apollo 13 was intended to land on the Moon, but an oxygen tank explosion resulted in the mission being aborted after trans-lunar injection. It flew by the Moon but did not orbit or land.
915:
in
November 1970. The retroreflectors are proof that human-made probes reached the exact locations of the Apollo 11, 14, and 15 landing sites at exactly the same time as those missions.
420:
at McDonald
Observatory, from 01:50 to 2:37 UT on December 23, observed the brightest object flashing as bright as magnitude 15, with the flash pattern recurring about once a minute.
558:
heard in NASA audio and seen on NASA Apollo 11 transcripts. Kaminski and
Baysinger could only hear the transmissions from the Moon, and not transmissions to the Moon from the Earth.
185:
showing a change in surface reflectivity due to the plume. This was the first visible trace of crewed landings on the Moon seen from space since the close of the Apollo program.
3386:
2725:
1819:
1244:
2369:
Baryshev, VB; Kudryashova, AF; Tarasov, LS; Ulyanov, AA; Zolotarev, KV (2001). "Geochemistry of rare elements in different types of lunar rocks (based on ÎŒXFA-SR data)".
296:
The Soviet Union monitored the missions at their Space Transmissions Corps, which was "fully equipped with the latest intelligence-gathering and surveillance equipment".
1304:, which landed on the Moon in April 1967, were brought back to Earth by Apollo 12 in November 1969. These samples were shown to have been exposed to lunar conditions.
654:
Paul Wilson and Richard T. Knadle, Jr. received voice transmissions from the Command/Service Module in lunar orbit on the morning of August 1, 1971. In an article for
883:
evidence. Uncrewed missions are known to have placed such objects on the Moon, albeit not before 1970. Smaller retroreflectors were carried by the uncrewed landers
129:
astronauts August 2, 1971 during EVA 3 at station 9A near Hadley Rille. On the right is a 2008 reconstruction from images taken by the SELENE terrain camera and
858:
792:
866:
Observatory detected it the same day. The Apollo 15 retroreflector was deployed on July 31, 1971, and was detected by McDonald Observatory within a few days.
477:
During the Apollo 10 mission The Corralitos Observatory was linked with the CBS news network. Images of the spacecraft going to the Moon were broadcast live.
1161:
This section contains reports of the lunar missions from facilities that had significant numbers of non-NASA employees. This includes facilities such as the
524:
2784:
2606:
1034:
748:
eon and dated 3.8 to 4.3 billion years ago. The rocks returned by Apollo are very close in composition to the samples returned by the independent Soviet
398:
Dr. Michael Moutsoulas at Pic du Midi Observatory reported an initial sighting around 17:10 UT on December 21 with the 1.1-metre reflector as an object (
1070:
423:
The Lick Observatory observations during the return coast to Earth produced live television pictures broadcast to United States west coast viewers via
687:
Bochum Observatory tracked the astronauts and intercepted the television signals from Apollo 16. The image was re-recorded in black and white in the
4991:
4986:
3137:
2298:
2045:
1788:
The TLI firing was begun at 7:41 a.m. (PST) while the craft was over Hawaii, and it was reported there that the burn was visible from the ground.
1433:
839:
For those few misguided souls who still cling to the belief that the Moon landings never happened, examination of the results of five decades of
300:, in an interview for the article "The Moon Programme That Faltered", describes how the Soviet Moon programme dwindled after the Apollo landing.
3825:
1271:
5891:
4296:
1270:, near Madrid, Spain, tracked Apollo 11. A large majority of the people working at this station were not employees of NASA, but of Spain's
931:
scientific packages placed on the Moon surface by all Apollo landing missions excluding Apollo 11. Their selenographic coordinates and the
1944:
133:
projected to the same vantage point as the surface photos. The terrain is a close match within the SELENE camera resolution of 10 metres.
3251:
1403:
1380:
1203:
125:
lunar probe obtained several photographs showing evidence of Moon landings. On the left are two photos taken on the lunar surface by the
4760:
3882:
5962:
5497:
5491:
5485:
4194:
3954:
1215:
2757:
337:
On December 21, 1968, at 18:00 UT, amateur astronomers (H. R. Hatfield, M. J. Hendrie, F. Kent, Alan Heath, and M. J. Oates) in the
3672:
3291:
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2430:
980:
831:
139:
1839:
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2704:
Pisma v Astronomicheskii Zhurnal, vol. 4, Dec. 1978, p. 562-565. (Soviet Astronomy Letters, vol. 4, Nov.-Dec. 1978, p. 302-303).
1207:
972:
Post-Apollo lunar exploration missions have located and imaged artifacts of the Apollo program remaining on the Moon's surface.
5886:
3349:
2840:
1318:
39:
in 1967. Parts of Surveyor were brought back to Earth by Apollo 12. The camera (near Conrad's right hand) is on display at the
5288:
3180:
440:
1510:
319:
and calculated their orbits. According to the group, in December 1972 a member "picks up Apollo 17 on its way to the Moon".
5587:
5293:
2914:
1921:
1135:
684:
At least two different radio amateurs, W4HHK and K2RIW, reported reception of Apollo 16 signals with home-built equipment.
410:. This event can be traced with the Apollo 8 Flight Journal, noting that launch was at 0751 EST or 12:51 UT on December 21.
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1119:
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106:
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118:
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confirmed the age and origin of the rocks as lunar, and were used to identify lunar meteorites collected later from
5957:
5906:
5628:
4001:
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3344:
3339:
62:
202:
5623:
5208:
4250:
757:
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2071:
1449:"Chandrayaan-1 captures Halo around Apollo-15 landing site using stereoscopic views from Terrain Mapping Camera"
4060:
3810:
1627:
1058:
840:
808:
360:
2788:
2558:
Paper presented at the Proceedings of the "Journées 2005 SystÚmes de référence spatio-temporels," held at the
1448:
5181:
4187:
4145:
3918:
1661:
1294:
756:
of plus or minus 6 million years. The test was done by a group of researchers headed by Alexander Nemchin at
614:
calendar records an application of optical tracking during the final phases of Apollo 13, on April 17, 1970:
182:
154:
40:
2452:
848:
5921:
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5704:
5663:
5435:
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4337:
4203:
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3959:
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3284:
989:
966:
900:
711:
3144:
201:
to record Apollo hardware. Nevertheless, as with SELENE, Chandrayaan-1 independently recorded evidence of
5901:
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5763:
5238:
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4082:
3805:
3406:
3073:
2891:
2721:
2171:
1514:
1363:
1229:
Although most MSFN stations were NASA-owned, they employed many local citizens. NASA also contracted the
1182:
1126:
on April 21, 1972, from the surface of the Moon. Some of these photos show the Earth with stars from the
678:
166:
5795:
3986:
3902:
3800:
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2219:
1465:
1351:
1219:
761:
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near 10, through clouds) moving eastward near the predicted location of Apollo 8. He used a 60 cm
3371:
2312:
2020:
740:. The oldest Moon rocks are up to 4.5 billion years old, making them 200 million years older than the
5785:
5557:
5263:
4569:
4424:
3928:
3323:
1355:
1347:
5581:
2334:
Laul, JC; Schmitt, RA (1973). "Chemical composition of Luna 20 rocks and soil and Apollo 16 soils".
1535:
975:
Images taken by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission beginning in July 2009 show the six Apollo
5866:
4180:
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3316:
1856:
1267:
1131:
1107:
AS16-123-19657: Long-exposure photograph taken from the surface of the Moon by Apollo 16 using the
993:
932:
516:
392:
312:
198:
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1243:. The Parkes Observatory is not NASA-owned; it is, and always has been, owned and operated by the
5967:
5916:
5825:
5753:
5673:
5668:
5593:
4981:
4976:
4640:
4411:
4215:
3820:
3815:
3774:
3311:
3277:
1248:
997:
531:, which was trying to land on the Moon. In July 2009, Jodrell released some recordings they made.
376:
255:, the Apollo 11 landing site, was released to the public in a presentation on September 3, 2021.
65:(the second party). This evidence provides independent confirmation of NASA's account of the six
5845:
1771:
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1618:
1115:
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348:
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1411:
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in the UK, the telescope was used to observe the mission, as it was used years previously for
5711:
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5575:
5173:
5163:
5011:
4289:
4245:
3848:
3795:
2735:
2589:
2559:
2123:
1377:"The "halo" area around Apollo 15 landing site observed by Terrain Camera on SELENE (KAGUYA)"
862:
417:
364:
3059:
October 2000 website version, part 1 of 12: "Introduction." Original version available from
2254:
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5871:
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1631:
1489:
GUJCOST Celebrates Vigyan Utsav (STI Ecosystem for Atmanirbhar Bharat) | 3rd September 2021
961:
949:
854:
772:
539:
403:
380:
303:
The missions were tracked by radar from several countries on the way to the Moon and back.
172:
146:
130:
2959:
2001:
1973:
1730:
8:
5758:
5735:
5697:
5268:
4822:
4601:
3969:
3923:
3712:
3470:
3460:
3396:
3172:
3122:
2438:
2415:
1978:
562:
384:
4735:
3242:
shows calculations of relative signal gain when using retroreflectors for Lunar ranging.
3037:
3013:
2614:
2382:
2347:
2087:
1835:
1715:
1680:
1635:
5643:
5569:
5539:
5107:
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4347:
4065:
4040:
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3664:
3214:
2993:
2634:
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1230:
1199:
1170:
1162:
674:
611:
494:
432:
399:
245:
221:
3239:
2707:
2660:
2390:
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was unknown for nearly 40 years but it was rediscovered in 2010 in photographs by the
5790:
5447:
5298:
4778:
3858:
3218:
3176:
2821:
2701:
2626:
2597:
2587:
2546:
2355:
1917:
1469:
1427:
94:
2638:
1688:
5768:
5747:
5563:
5243:
4730:
4265:
4124:
4072:
3975:
3790:
3697:
3677:
3199:
3041:
3025:
2678:
2618:
2482:
2386:
2351:
1820:"The Corralitos Observatory Program for the Detection of Lunar Transient Phenomena"
1684:
752:. A rock brought back by Apollo 17 was dated to be 4.417 billion years old, with a
388:
356:
252:
228:
4415:
4172:
1173:, which were hired by NASA for specific tasks, but staffed by non-NASA personnel.
470:
A list of sightings of Apollo 10 were reported in "Apollo 10 Optical Tracking" by
5896:
5774:
5351:
5203:
5193:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4395:
4255:
4235:
4055:
4045:
4034:
3996:
2622:
2294:
2204:. Newington, Connecticut: American Radio Relay League. July 1971. pp. 90â91.
2189:. Newington, Connecticut: American Radio Relay League. June 1971. pp. 93â94.
1949:
1456:
1379:(Press release). ChĆfu, Tokyo: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. May 20, 2008.
1234:
1186:
996:, along with many other academic groups. At least some of these groups, such as
803:(LRRRs, or arrays of corner-cube prisms used as targets for Earth-based tracking
800:
753:
352:
58:
3245:
1586:
4342:
4260:
4230:
3300:
3263:
3206:
2504:
2215:
1815:
1313:
1190:
826:
749:
498:
338:
102:
66:
2937:
1974:"Lunar Eavesdropping: Louisvillians Hear Moon Walk Talk on Homemade Equipment"
1487:
1090:
1000:, Berlin, are not located in the US, and are not funded by the US government.
660:
magazine they provide a detailed description of their work, with photographs.
501:) was able to provide confirmation of events and data independent of both the
5951:
5850:
5368:
5248:
4904:
4634:
4629:
4389:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3422:
3194:
3014:"On Eagle's Wings: The Parkes Observatory's Support of the Apollo 11 Mission"
2862:
2825:
1473:
1293:
Surveyor 3 camera brought back from the Moon by Apollo 12, on display at the
843:
should evidence how delusional their rejection of the Moon landing really is.
573:, also detected transmissions coming from the mission using a 10 meters dish.
555:
297:
238:
217:
194:
2588:
Bender, P. L.; Currie, D. G.; Dicke, R. H.; et al. (October 19, 1973).
5522:
5516:
5415:
5081:
5076:
5001:
4971:
4834:
4829:
4813:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4460:
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4352:
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3259:
2630:
1323:
976:
333:
Apollo 8 was the first crewed mission to orbit the Moon, but did not land.
264:
78:
50:
5648:
2404:
Pendick, Daniel (June 2009). "Apollo sample pinpoints lunar crust's age".
1662:"A school satellite tracking station as an aid to the teaching of physics"
5815:
5551:
5407:
5375:
4925:
4650:
4645:
3876:
3190:
3108:
2275:
James Papike; Grahm Ryder & Charles Shearer (1998). "Lunar Samples".
1146:
1127:
984:
741:
98:
28:
19:
2783:
Hautaluoma, Grey; Freeberg, Andy (July 17, 2009). Garner, Robert (ed.).
2164:
Wilson, P. M.; Knadle, R. T. (June 1972). "Houston, This is Apollo...".
1266:
The Madrid Apollo Station, now part of the Deep Space Network, built in
1111:. It shows the Earth with the correct background of stars (some labeled)
5800:
5399:
5383:
5360:
5258:
5152:
5147:
5142:
4966:
4961:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4379:
3853:
2046:"La notte che da Arcetri ascoltarono gli astronauti parlare sulla luna"
1755:
Liemohn, Harold B. (1969). "Feature Optical Observations of Apollo 8".
1301:
908:
891:
885:
737:
372:
316:
213:
32:
2991:
Keel, William C. (July 2007). "The Earth and Stars in the Lunar Sky".
2274:
588:
Paul Maley reports several sightings of the Apollo 12 Command Module.
508:
A compilation of sightings appeared in "Observations of Apollo 11" by
5840:
5690:
5545:
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5187:
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3601:
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3576:
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3566:
3437:
3210:
2700:
Naugolnaia, M. N.; Spangenberg, E. E.; Soboleva, N. S.; Fomin, V. A.
2661:"APOLLO (the Apache Point Observatory Lunar Laser-ranging Operation)"
2303:
1895:
1328:
1284:
1260:
1142:
1123:
1021:
924:
911:
in June 1966, but no uncrewed landers carried retroreflectors before
819:
814:
777:
732:
705:
692:
669:
649:
629:
603:
583:
535:
487:
461:
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observed the trans-lunar injection burn near 15:44 UT on December 21.
242:
126:
24:
3046:
2726:"World's biggest telescope to prove Americans really walked on Moon"
907:) on the Moon in February 1966, and the United States followed with
776:
AS11-40-5952: Lunar Laser Ranging Experiment as left on the Moon by
640:
magazine published reports of the optical sighting of this mission.
594:
magazine published reports of the optical sighting of this mission.
5835:
5810:
5805:
5278:
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2702:
Determination of selenographic coordinates of objects by RATAN-600.
2222:[Bochum Observatory Observed U.S. Apollo Moon Experiments]
1239:
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328:
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4675:
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3269:
2814:
Talcott, Richard (November 2009). "LRO takes first Moon images".
2485:(March 2009). "Is there something we don't know about gravity?".
2368:
1359:
547:
528:
520:
424:
282:
3111:(November 2007). "50th anniversary of first microbes in orbit".
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4429:
4401:
4313:
4102:
3870:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3644:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
1211:
1194:
904:
871:
783:
745:
502:
448:
276:
122:
2687:
534:
Larry Baysinger, a radio amateur (W4EJA) and a technician for
5253:
4665:
4655:
3702:
3692:
3687:
3682:
1702:
Roberts, G. (1986). "The Amateur and Artificial Satellites".
1166:
1139:
928:
804:
788:
570:
551:
407:
342:
90:
86:
82:
5934:
Missions are ordered by launch date. Crewed missions are in
2876:
1245:
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
1185:(MSFN) was a worldwide network of stations that tracked the
1165:, which employed (and still employs) many local citizens in
466:
Like Apollo 8, Apollo 10 orbited the Moon but did not land.
5441:
4915:
4284:
4225:
4207:
4077:
3255:
3201:
Two Sides of the Moon: Our Story of the Cold War Space Race
1464:(5). Current Science Association in collaboration with the
688:
444:
235:
54:
36:
1447:
Chauhan, Prakash; Kirankumar, A. S. (September 10, 2009).
787:
Plot of arrival time of photons (Y axis) for each of many
315:, using simple radio equipment, monitored Soviet and U.S.
2969:
2299:"House Passes Bill to Award Apollo Astronauts Moon Rocks"
2166:
2070:
CantĂč, A. M.; Felli, M.; Landini, M.; Tofani, G. (1967).
1704:
Monthly Notes of the Astronomical Society of South Africa
656:
3252:"Bezos Expeditions recovers pieces of Apollo 11 rockets"
2220:"Sternwarte Bochum beobachtet US-Apollo-Mondexperimente"
1918:"Recording of Russia's lunar gatecrash attempt released"
3240:"Relative Signal Strengths Using Lunar Retroreflectors"
2676:
2069:
436:
contained many reports of optical tracking of Apollo 8.
2130:. Educational Foundation for Nuclear Science, Inc.: 33
983:(ALSEP) science experiments, astronaut footpaths, and
714:
has described several amateur sightings of Apollo 17.
193:
As with SELENE, the Terrain Mapping Camera of India's
3018:
Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia
2537:
1028:
lunar module descent stage as photographed by the LRO
1004:
site show an almost exact match of the rover tracks.
923:
In OctoberâNovember 1977, the Soviet radio telescope
2677:
Williams, James G.; Dickey, Jean O. (October 2002).
2507:(March 2011). "Secrets beneath the Moon's surface".
4202:
3092:"Madrid Apollo Facility NASA/INTA Personnel Roster"
2672:
2670:
2607:
American Association for the Advancement of Science
1145:later scanned the sky for stars that are bright in
3246:"Telescopic Tracking of the Apollo Lunar Missions"
3198:
2807:
2782:
2758:"How to find Apollo 11's landing site on the Moon"
1945:"Recording tracks Russia's Moon gatecrash attempt"
1772:"Apollo 8 Mission Leaves Earth on Historic Voyage"
1587:"Telescopic Tracking of the Apollo Lunar Missions"
1536:"[êł íŽìëìčŽë©ëŒ] ìíŽëĄ 11íž ì°©ë„ì§ì ('23.3.30., 5.10.)"
726:
1446:
1346:See, for example, the references in the articles
1149:light. The TD-1A data obtained with the shortest
288:scheduled launch times and planned trajectories.
16:Independent confirmations of Apollo Moon landings
5949:
2863:"Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera - Our Team"
2667:
2021:"CosĂŹ da Arcetri captarono lo sbarco sulla Luna"
1153:is a close match for the Apollo 16 photographs.
935:(20 W) were in agreement with the NASA reports.
918:
895:in 1970 and 1973, respectively. The location of
718:Independent research consistent with NASA claims
49:is evidence, or analysis of evidence, about the
3078:A Tribute to Honeysuckle Creek Tracking Station
3074:"The Fresnedillas (Madrid, Spain) MSFN station"
2960:"Apollo Moon flags still standing, images show"
2841:"LROC's First Look at the Apollo Landing Sites"
1861:A Tribute to Honeysuckle Creek Tracking Station
1511:"China publishes high-resolution full moon Map"
1076:Apollo 15 landing site (from Lunar Module film)
818:AS14-67-9386: Retroflector left on the Moon by
634:Corralitos Observatory photographed Apollo 14.
2515:(3). Waukesha, WI: Kalmbach Publishing: 24â29.
2493:(3). Waukesha, WI: Kalmbach Publishing: 22â27.
1580:
1578:
1576:
1176:
948:In 2002, astronomers tested the optics of the
825:Quoting from James Hansen's 2005 biography of
439:The first post-launch sightings were from the
283:Apollo missions tracked by independent parties
5912:Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings
4188:
4151:Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings
3285:
3101:
2540:"Contribution of SLR Results to LLR Analysis"
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1157:Apollo missions tracked by non-NASA personnel
341:photographed a fuel dump from the jettisoned
47:Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings
5892:List of species that have landed on the Moon
4163:Symbol indicates failure or partial failure
2688:13th International Workshop on Laser Ranging
2200:"K2RIW Apollo 16 Reception & 2300 EME".
2163:
1659:
523:. At the same time, Jodrell Bank scientists
291:
3135:
2333:
2270:
2268:
2018:
2006:Lunar Eavesdropping in Louisville, Kentucky
1701:
1432:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1204:Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex
799:The detection on Earth of reflections from
306:
69:Moon missions flown between 1969 and 1972.
4195:
4181:
3370:
3292:
3278:
3011:
2538:Bouquillon, S.; Chapront, J.; Francou, G.
2149:"Some Optical Observations of Apollo 14".
2124:"The Relevance of Space (inset Apollo 14)"
2121:
2076:Memorie della Societa Astronomica Italiana
1971:
1553:
1272:Instituto Nacional de TĂ©cnica Aeroespacial
1169:and Australia, and facilities such as the
1098:
943:
811:left on the Moon is evidence of landings.
731:A total of 382 kilograms (842 lb) of
689:625 lines, 25 frames/s television standard
3045:
2820:. Vol. 37, no. 11. p. 22.
2185:"432 Record, W4HHK Apollo 16 Reception".
1851:
1849:
1216:Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex
1040:Apollo 14 landing site, photograph by LRO
3168:First Man: The Life of Neil A. Armstrong
3136:Price, P. Buford; Zinner, Ernst (2004).
2952:
2912:
2889:
2838:
2755:
2720:
2566:, Warsaw, Poland, September 19â21, 2005.
2503:
2481:
2428:
2293:
2265:
2214:
2002:"Otter Creek-South Harrison Observatory"
1888:
1288:
1102:
981:Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package
960:
832:First Man: The Life of Neil A. Armstrong
813:
782:
771:
212:
18:
3189:
2813:
2680:Lunar Geophysics, Geodesy, and Dynamics
2431:"What Neil & Buzz Left on the Moon"
2403:
1754:
1603:
1509:Zhang, Nannan, ed. (February 7, 2012).
1401:
1208:Madrid Deep Space Communication Complex
965:Apollo 11 landing site photographed by
72:
5950:
5887:List of artificial objects on the Moon
2277:Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry
1878:. No. 11. 1969. pp. 358â359.
1846:
1319:Examination of Apollo Moon photographs
1134:constellations in the background. The
430:An article in the March 1969 issue of
251:descent stage. The orbiter's image of
4176:
3273:
3107:
2935:
2890:Robinson, Mark (September 29, 2009).
2694:
2107:"Optical Observations of Apollo 12".
1942:
1882:
1814:
1808:
1769:
1508:
1410:(Blog). Steve Packard. Archived from
1395:
956:
441:Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
112:
5588:International Lunar Research Station
3826:50th Anniversary commemorative coins
2990:
2938:"How To Prove We Landed On The Moon"
2776:
2590:"The Lunar Laser Ranging Experiment"
1922:Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics
1616:"The Moon Programme That Faltered".
1584:
1542:(in Korean). South Korea. 2023-09-27
1136:European Space Research Organisation
474:magazine, July 1969, pp. 62â63.
2913:Robinson, Mark (October 28, 2009).
2230:(in German). Vol. 57. Munich:
2122:Kantrowitz, Arthur (1 April 1971).
2019:Bucciantini, NiccolĂČ (2019-07-16).
1804:. No. 7. 1969. pp. 62â63.
1728:
1540:Korean Areospace Research Institute
1538:[ Apollo 11 landing site].
1440:
1362:(European Deep Space Network), and
1120:Far Ultraviolet Camera/Spectrograph
1109:Far Ultraviolet Camera/Spectrograph
795:(Lunar Laser Ranging) Collaboration
13:
4302:Japanese Lunar Exploration Program
3299:
2658:
2461:National Space Science Data Center
1972:Rutherford, Glenn (23 July 1969).
1891:"The other space race: Transcript"
1889:Portillo, Michael (June 2, 2005).
1404:"Apollo 15: Confirmed Times Three"
1383:from the original on 14 March 2022
1247:(CSIRO), a research agency of the
927:observed all five transmitters of
767:
395:all filed reports of observations.
119:Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
63:Apollo Moon landing hoax theorists
14:
5979:
3248:at Bill Keel's Space History Bits
3233:
3030:Astronomical Society of Australia
2255:"Tracking Apollo-17 from Florida"
2252:
2128:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
1778:. Pasadena, California. p. 1
1770:Swaim, Dave (December 22, 1968).
681:reported sightings of Apollo 16.
241:orbiter captured an image of the
5963:Moon landing conspiracy theories
5907:Moon landing conspiracy theories
3262:'s published claim that genuine
3258:(March 20, 2013), contradicting
2839:Robinson, Mark (July 17, 2009).
2756:Lawrence, Pete (July 17, 2019).
2706:
2429:Phillips, Tony (July 20, 2004).
2153:. No. 4. 1971. p. 251.
2111:. No. 2. 1970. p. 127.
1206:near Goldstone, California; the
1081:
1069:
1057:
1045:
1033:
1013:
208:
188:
165:
153:
138:
107:deep space communication network
101:which are launched on their own
5624:Lunar Polar Exploration Mission
4078:Apollo Lunar Sounder Experiment
3213:(1st U.S. ed.). New York:
3129:
3084:
3066:
3005:
2984:
2929:
2906:
2883:
2869:
2855:
2832:
2785:"LRO Sees Apollo Landing Sites"
2749:
2714:
2652:
2581:
2569:
2531:
2519:
2497:
2475:
2445:
2422:
2397:
2362:
2327:
2287:
2246:
2208:
2193:
2178:
2157:
2142:
2115:
2100:
2063:
2038:
2012:
1994:
1965:
1943:Brown, Jonathan (3 July 2009).
1936:
1910:
1867:
1793:
1763:
1748:
1722:
1695:
1653:
1641:
1609:
1064:Apollo 15 landing site (by LRO)
1020:Higher resolution image of the
809:Lunar Laser Ranging experiments
758:Curtin University of Technology
727:Existence and age of Moon rocks
527:the uncrewed Soviet spacecraft
53:that does not come from either
3903:"Houston, we've had a problem"
3392:Cape Kennedy Air Force Station
2936:Jones, David (July 26, 2017).
2915:"Exploring the Apollo 17 Site"
2453:"Laser Ranging Retroreflector"
2072:"1967MmSAI..38..539C Page 539"
1800:"Apollo 10 Optical Tracking".
1628:British Interplanetary Society
1597:
1591:Bill Keel's Space History Bits
1528:
1502:
1480:
1369:
1340:
1278:
1254:
990:LROC Science Operations Center
938:
850:Observatoire de la CĂŽte d'Azur
801:laser ranging retro-reflectors
361:Lunar and Planetary Laboratory
160:AS15-82-11122: Apollo 15 photo
1:
4146:Stolen and missing Moon rocks
3919:Modular Equipment Transporter
3157:
2391:10.1016/S0168-9002(01)01089-0
2228:Neues von Rohde & Schwarz
1874:"Observations of Apollo 11".
1824:NASA Technical Reports Server
1295:National Air and Space Museum
919:Radio-telescopic observations
41:National Air and Space Museum
5922:List of crewed lunar landers
5882:List of missions to the Moon
5705:Lockheed Martin Lunar Lander
5664:Lunar Crater Radio Telescope
5436:Firefly Aerospace Blue Ghost
4751:SELENE (Kaguya, Okina, Ouna)
4407:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
3197:; Toomey, Christine (2004).
3024:(3). Collingwood, Victoria:
3012:Sarkissian, John M. (2001).
2877:"Institute of Space Systems"
2623:10.1126/science.182.4109.229
2356:10.1016/0016-7037(73)90190-7
1982:. Louisville, KY. p. B1
1402:drbuzz0 (November 7, 2009).
1334:
901:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
699:
663:
643:
623:
597:
577:
481:
455:
263:China's second lunar probe,
258:
7:
5764:International Lunar Network
4083:Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey
3407:Manned Space Flight Network
3164:
2575:
2525:
2172:American Radio Relay League
1647:
1515:Chinese Academy of Sciences
1364:Japanese Deep Space Network
1307:
1183:Manned Space Flight Network
679:Washington State University
322:
275:South Korea's lunar probe,
205:around the Apollo 15 site.
10:
5984:
3466:Command and Service Module
3368:
2605:(4109). Washington, D.C.:
2564:Polish Academy of Sciences
2170:. Newington, Connecticut:
1759:. No. 3. p. 156.
1731:"Kettering Group Timeline"
1585:Keel, Bill (August 2008).
1466:Indian Academy of Sciences
1352:Chinese Deep Space Network
1282:
1258:
1220:Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve
703:
667:
647:
627:
601:
581:
485:
459:
326:
197:probe did not have enough
175:SELENE reconstructed photo
61:(the first party), or the
35:, which had landed on the
5930:
5859:
5725:
5682:
5616:
5607:
5532:
5507:
5458:
5426:
5350:
5341:
5172:
5090:
5010:
4924:
4812:
4759:
4579:
4570:List of Apollo astronauts
4519:
4510:
4490:
4474:
4448:
4372:
4363:
4214:
4159:
4133:
4091:
4026:
4010:
3942:
3911:
3895:
3841:
3767:
3744:
3711:
3663:
3610:
3539:
3493:
3486:
3453:
3415:
3379:
3332:
3324:List of Apollo astronauts
3307:
3165:Hansen, James R. (2005).
2218:(OctoberâNovember 1972).
1689:10.1088/0031-9120/3/6/301
1356:Soviet Deep Space Network
1348:Indian Deep Space Network
1177:Observers of all missions
1024:landing site showing the
933:transmitter power outputs
292:Observers of all missions
270:
145:AS15-82-11121: Apollo 15
5867:Colonization of the Moon
3061:CSIRO Parkes Observatory
2892:"Apollo 11: Second look"
2463:. NSSDC ID: 1971-063C-08
2371:Nucl. Instrum. Methods A
2336:Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta
2052:(in Italian). 2019-07-16
994:Arizona State University
517:Jodrell Bank Observatory
512:magazine, November 1969.
505:and U.S. space agencies.
393:University of California
313:Kettering Grammar School
307:Kettering Grammar School
5958:Observational astronomy
5917:Apollo 11 anniversaries
5754:European Lunar Explorer
4977:Pragyan (Chandrayaan-2)
1604:Scott & Leonov 2004
1099:Ultraviolet photographs
998:German Aerospace Center
944:Ground-based telescopes
377:Northwestern University
349:Pic du Midi Observatory
203:lighter, disturbed soil
5103:Emirates Lunar Mission
4141:Lunar orbit rendezvous
4002:Postal covers incident
3992:Hadley Rille meteorite
3866:Bench Crater meteorite
3387:Mission Control Center
3266:engines were not used.
2787:. NASA. Archived from
2309:TechMediaNetwork, Inc.
2297:(September 27, 2000).
1297:
1112:
1052:Apollo 12 landing site
969:
845:
822:
796:
780:
621:
369:Corralitos Observatory
231:
183:Command/Service Module
43:
5712:Lunar Orbital Station
5164:Peregrine Mission One
3811:Lunar sample displays
2762:Sky at Night Magazine
2736:Telegraph Media Group
2724:(November 24, 2002).
2560:Space Research Centre
2547:Observatoire de Paris
1776:Independent Star News
1660:Perry, G. E. (1968).
1414:on September 17, 2012
1292:
1249:Australian government
1106:
964:
847:The NASA-independent
837:
817:
786:
775:
744:, which are from the
712:Swedish space program
616:
554:, and the associated
418:Otto Struve Telescope
365:University of Arizona
216:
22:
5877:List of lunar probes
5872:Google Lunar X Prize
5821:Project Harvest Moon
4934:Lunar Roving Vehicle
4414:(relay satellite at
4061:Lunar sample display
4051:Nansen-Apollo crater
3478:Lunar Roving Vehicle
3454:Spacecraft and rover
3402:Kennedy Space Center
3173:Simon & Schuster
3121:(11). Waukesha, WI:
3097:. February 29, 1972.
2791:on November 16, 2009
2731:The Sunday Telegraph
2457:NSSDC Master Catalog
1118:were taken with the
1116:Long-exposure photos
950:Very Large Telescope
544:Capsule Communicator
540:Louisville, Kentucky
497:director (Professor
381:McDonald Observatory
147:Lunar Roving Vehicle
73:Independent evidence
5902:Apollo 17 Moon mice
5831:Resource Prospector
5759:First Lunar Outpost
5742:Baden-WĂŒrttemberg 1
5698:Boeing Lunar Lander
4823:Apollo Lunar Module
4637:(propulsion module)
4602:Apollo Lunar Module
4204:Spacecraft missions
3924:Fra Mauro formation
3885:Streptococcus mitis
3397:Crawler-transporter
3123:Kalmbach Publishing
3038:2001PASA...18..287S
2615:1973Sci...182..229B
2416:Kalmbach Publishing
2414:(6). Waukesha, WI:
2383:2001NIMPA.470..422B
2348:1973GeCoA..37..927L
2315:on October 17, 2000
2232:Rohde & Schwarz
2088:1967MmSAI..38..539C
1979:The Courier-Journal
1836:1976STIN...7623125H
1729:Christy, Robert D.
1716:1986MNSSA..45....5R
1681:1968PhyEd...3..281P
1636:1991SpFl...33....2.
1630:: 2â3. March 1991.
563:Arcetri Observatory
472:Sky & Telescope
433:Sky & Telescope
404:refractor telescope
385:University of Texas
375:, then operated by
345:third rocket stage.
5570:Cislunar Explorers
4066:Lunar basalt 70017
4027:Apollo 17 specific
4011:Apollo 16 specific
3943:Apollo 15 specific
3912:Apollo 14 specific
3896:Apollo 13 specific
3842:Apollo 12 specific
3833:In popular culture
3801:Little West crater
3768:Apollo 11 specific
3254:by Jay Greene for
3215:Thomas Dunne Books
3209:; introduction by
3138:"Robert M. Walker"
2994:Skeptical Inquirer
2917:. LROC news system
2894:. LROC News System
2843:. LROC News System
2259:Sven's Space Place
1492:, 3 September 2021
1298:
1231:Parkes Observatory
1218:, adjacent to the
1200:Deep Space Network
1171:Parkes Observatory
1163:Deep Space Network
1113:
970:
957:New lunar missions
823:
797:
781:
762:Bentley, Australia
742:oldest Earth rocks
710:Sven Grahn of the
675:Jewett Observatory
612:Chabot Observatory
495:Bochum Observatory
234:In April 2021 the
232:
113:SELENE photographs
105:, and has its own
44:
31:with the uncrewed
5945:
5944:
5791:Lunar Mission One
5748:#dearMoon project
5721:
5720:
5603:
5602:
5448:Lunar Trailblazer
5337:
5336:
4779:Moon Impact Probe
4506:
4505:
4170:
4169:
3806:Goodwill messages
3745:Apollo 8 specific
3740:
3739:
3461:Apollo spacecraft
3380:Ground facilities
3350:Launch Complex 39
3345:Launch Complex 37
3340:Launch Complex 34
3317:canceled missions
3182:978-0-743-25631-5
2483:Anderson, John D.
2441:on April 5, 2010.
2151:Sky and Telescope
2109:Sky and Telescope
1876:Sky and Telescope
1802:Sky and Telescope
1757:Sky and Telescope
1669:Physics Education
1214:, Spain; and the
638:Sky and Telescope
592:Sky and Telescope
510:Sky and Telescope
443:(SAO) station on
427:in San Francisco.
227:descent stage at
97:, builds its own
5975:
5614:
5613:
5564:Lunar Pathfinder
5348:
5347:
5244:Lunar Flashlight
4731:Lunar Prospector
4517:
4516:
4398:(service module)
4370:
4369:
4197:
4190:
4183:
4174:
4173:
4073:Troctolite 76535
3976:Fallen Astronaut
3955:Lunar operations
3791:Tranquility Base
3698:Pad Abort Test-2
3678:Pad Abort Test-1
3491:
3490:
3374:
3333:Launch complexes
3312:List of missions
3294:
3287:
3280:
3271:
3270:
3228:
3204:
3186:
3152:
3151:
3150:on July 6, 2007.
3149:
3143:. Archived from
3142:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3070:
3064:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3049:
3026:CSIRO Publishing
3009:
3003:
3002:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2798:
2796:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2722:Matthews, Robert
2718:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2685:
2674:
2665:
2664:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2594:
2585:
2579:
2573:
2567:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2544:
2535:
2529:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2437:. Archived from
2426:
2420:
2419:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2377:(1â2): 422â425.
2366:
2360:
2359:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2295:Pearlman, Robert
2291:
2285:
2284:
2272:
2263:
2262:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2234:. pp. 24â27
2225:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2016:
2010:
2009:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1853:
1844:
1843:
1838:. Archived from
1812:
1806:
1805:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1785:
1783:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1666:
1657:
1651:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1613:
1607:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1582:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1453:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1431:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1408:Depleted Cranium
1399:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1373:
1367:
1344:
1085:
1073:
1061:
1049:
1037:
1017:
979:descent stages,
841:LRRR experiments
389:Lick Observatory
357:Catalina Station
253:Tranquility Base
229:Tranquility Base
169:
157:
142:
5983:
5982:
5978:
5977:
5976:
5974:
5973:
5972:
5948:
5947:
5946:
5941:
5926:
5897:Lunar resources
5855:
5727:
5717:
5678:
5609:
5599:
5528:
5503:
5454:
5422:
5343:
5333:
5168:
5160:(Chandrayaan-2)
5091:Failed landings
5086:
5006:
4982:(Chandrayaan-3)
4920:
4907:(Chandrayaan-3)
4808:
4755:
4706:Lunar Orbiter 1
4575:
4520:Crewed landings
4512:
4502:
4486:
4470:
4444:
4419:
4365:
4359:
4251:Lunar Precursor
4218:
4210:
4201:
4171:
4166:
4155:
4129:
4095:
4087:
4035:The Blue Marble
4022:
4006:
3997:Seatbelt basalt
3970:HadleyâApennine
3965:Return to Earth
3960:Solo operations
3938:
3907:
3891:
3859:Surveyor crater
3849:Statio Cognitum
3837:
3775:Command Module
3763:
3759:Genesis reading
3736:
3707:
3659:
3620:Saturn-Apollo 1
3612:
3606:
3535:
3482:
3449:
3416:Launch vehicles
3411:
3375:
3366:
3328:
3303:
3298:
3236:
3231:
3225:
3183:
3160:
3155:
3147:
3140:
3134:
3130:
3106:
3102:
3094:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3052:
3050:
3047:10.1071/AS01038
3010:
3006:
2989:
2985:
2975:
2973:
2972:. July 30, 2012
2958:
2957:
2953:
2943:
2941:
2934:
2930:
2920:
2918:
2911:
2907:
2897:
2895:
2888:
2884:
2875:
2874:
2870:
2861:
2860:
2856:
2846:
2844:
2837:
2833:
2812:
2808:
2794:
2792:
2781:
2777:
2767:
2765:
2754:
2750:
2740:
2738:
2719:
2715:
2705:
2699:
2695:
2683:
2675:
2668:
2657:
2653:
2643:
2641:
2592:
2586:
2582:
2574:
2570:
2551:
2549:
2542:
2536:
2532:
2524:
2520:
2505:Dorminey, Bruce
2502:
2498:
2480:
2476:
2466:
2464:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2427:
2423:
2402:
2398:
2367:
2363:
2332:
2328:
2318:
2316:
2292:
2288:
2273:
2266:
2251:
2247:
2237:
2235:
2223:
2213:
2209:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2162:
2158:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2133:
2131:
2120:
2116:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2092:
2090:
2068:
2064:
2055:
2053:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2030:
2028:
2017:
2013:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1985:
1983:
1970:
1966:
1956:
1954:
1950:The Independent
1941:
1937:
1927:
1925:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1901:
1899:
1887:
1883:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1855:
1854:
1847:
1830:. NASA: 23125.
1816:Hynek, J. Allen
1813:
1809:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1781:
1779:
1768:
1764:
1753:
1749:
1739:
1737:
1727:
1723:
1700:
1696:
1664:
1658:
1654:
1646:
1642:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1602:
1598:
1583:
1554:
1545:
1543:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1519:
1517:
1507:
1503:
1495:
1493:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1457:Current Science
1451:
1445:
1441:
1425:
1424:
1417:
1415:
1400:
1396:
1386:
1384:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1310:
1287:
1281:
1263:
1257:
1235:New South Wales
1179:
1159:
1101:
1094:
1086:
1077:
1074:
1065:
1062:
1053:
1050:
1041:
1038:
1029:
1018:
959:
946:
941:
921:
770:
768:Retroreflectors
754:margin of error
729:
720:
708:
702:
672:
666:
652:
646:
632:
626:
606:
600:
586:
580:
490:
484:
464:
458:
416:The 2.1 m
353:French Pyrenees
331:
325:
309:
294:
285:
273:
261:
211:
191:
176:
170:
161:
158:
149:
143:
115:
103:launch vehicles
75:
59:U.S. government
17:
12:
11:
5:
5981:
5971:
5970:
5968:Apollo program
5965:
5960:
5943:
5942:
5940:
5939:
5931:
5928:
5927:
5925:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5863:
5861:
5857:
5856:
5854:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5796:Lunar Observer
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5744:
5739:
5731:
5729:
5723:
5722:
5719:
5718:
5716:
5715:
5708:
5701:
5694:
5686:
5684:
5680:
5679:
5677:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5620:
5618:
5611:
5605:
5604:
5601:
5600:
5598:
5597:
5591:
5585:
5579:
5573:
5567:
5561:
5555:
5549:
5543:
5536:
5534:
5530:
5529:
5527:
5526:
5520:
5513:
5511:
5505:
5504:
5502:
5501:
5495:
5489:
5483:
5477:
5471:
5464:
5462:
5456:
5455:
5453:
5452:
5451:
5450:
5439:
5432:
5430:
5424:
5423:
5421:
5420:
5412:
5404:
5396:
5388:
5380:
5372:
5365:
5356:
5354:
5345:
5339:
5338:
5335:
5334:
5332:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5184:
5178:
5176:
5170:
5169:
5167:
5166:
5161:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5094:
5092:
5088:
5087:
5085:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5052:
5045:
5038:
5031:
5024:
5016:
5014:
5008:
5007:
5005:
5004:
4999:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4958:
4957:
4950:
4943:
4930:
4928:
4922:
4921:
4919:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4818:
4816:
4810:
4809:
4807:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4765:
4763:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4606:
4605:
4591:
4583:
4581:
4577:
4576:
4574:
4573:
4566:
4559:
4552:
4545:
4538:
4531:
4523:
4521:
4514:
4508:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4500:
4494:
4492:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4484:
4478:
4476:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4452:
4450:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4393:
4387:
4382:
4376:
4374:
4367:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4357:
4356:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4330:
4329:
4328:
4318:
4317:
4316:
4306:
4305:
4304:
4294:
4293:
4292:
4282:
4281:
4280:
4270:
4269:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4222:
4220:
4212:
4211:
4200:
4199:
4192:
4185:
4177:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4164:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4137:
4135:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4122:
4121:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4099:
4097:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4069:
4068:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4041:TaurusâLittrow
4038:
4030:
4028:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4020:
4014:
4012:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3946:
3944:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3915:
3913:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3905:
3899:
3897:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3880:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3862:
3861:
3856:
3845:
3843:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3780:
3771:
3769:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3761:
3756:
3748:
3746:
3742:
3741:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3718:
3716:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3669:
3667:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3616:
3614:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3543:
3541:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3497:
3495:
3488:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3480:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3468:
3457:
3455:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3447:
3446:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3425:
3419:
3417:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3383:
3381:
3377:
3376:
3369:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3363:
3362:
3357:
3347:
3342:
3336:
3334:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3321:
3320:
3319:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3301:Apollo program
3297:
3296:
3289:
3282:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3264:Rocketdyne F-1
3249:
3243:
3235:
3234:External links
3232:
3230:
3229:
3223:
3207:Neil Armstrong
3205:. Foreword by
3195:Leonov, Alexei
3187:
3181:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3128:
3100:
3083:
3065:
3004:
2983:
2951:
2928:
2905:
2882:
2868:
2854:
2831:
2806:
2775:
2748:
2713:
2693:
2666:
2651:
2580:
2568:
2530:
2518:
2496:
2474:
2444:
2421:
2396:
2361:
2342:(4): 927â942.
2326:
2311:Archived from
2286:
2264:
2245:
2207:
2192:
2177:
2156:
2141:
2114:
2099:
2062:
2037:
2011:
1993:
1964:
1935:
1909:
1881:
1866:
1845:
1842:on 2013-05-09.
1818:(April 1976).
1807:
1792:
1762:
1747:
1721:
1694:
1652:
1640:
1608:
1596:
1552:
1527:
1501:
1479:
1439:
1394:
1368:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1314:Apollo program
1309:
1306:
1283:Main article:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1275:
1259:Main article:
1256:
1253:
1178:
1175:
1158:
1155:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1087:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1032:
1030:
1019:
1012:
958:
955:
945:
942:
940:
937:
920:
917:
827:Neil Armstrong
769:
766:
750:Luna programme
728:
725:
719:
716:
704:Main article:
701:
698:
668:Main article:
665:
662:
648:Main article:
645:
642:
628:Main article:
625:
622:
602:Main article:
599:
596:
582:Main article:
579:
576:
575:
574:
559:
532:
513:
506:
499:Heinz Kaminski
486:Main article:
483:
480:
479:
478:
475:
460:Main article:
457:
454:
453:
452:
437:
428:
421:
414:
411:
396:
346:
327:Main article:
324:
321:
308:
305:
293:
290:
284:
281:
272:
269:
260:
257:
210:
207:
190:
187:
178:
177:
171:
164:
162:
159:
152:
150:
144:
137:
114:
111:
93:) has its own
74:
71:
67:Apollo program
23:AS12-48-7134:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5980:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5955:
5953:
5937:
5933:
5932:
5929:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5864:
5862:
5858:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5776:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5749:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5737:
5733:
5732:
5730:
5724:
5714:
5713:
5709:
5707:
5706:
5702:
5700:
5699:
5695:
5693:
5692:
5688:
5687:
5685:
5681:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5621:
5619:
5615:
5612:
5606:
5595:
5592:
5589:
5586:
5583:
5580:
5577:
5574:
5571:
5568:
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5562:
5559:
5556:
5553:
5550:
5547:
5544:
5541:
5538:
5537:
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5531:
5524:
5521:
5518:
5515:
5514:
5512:
5510:
5506:
5499:
5496:
5493:
5490:
5487:
5484:
5481:
5478:
5475:
5472:
5469:
5466:
5465:
5463:
5461:
5457:
5449:
5446:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5437:
5434:
5433:
5431:
5429:
5425:
5418:
5417:
5413:
5410:
5409:
5405:
5402:
5401:
5397:
5394:
5393:
5389:
5386:
5385:
5381:
5378:
5377:
5373:
5371:
5370:
5369:Lunar Gateway
5366:
5363:
5362:
5358:
5357:
5355:
5353:
5349:
5346:
5340:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5249:Lunar IceCube
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5189:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5179:
5177:
5175:
5171:
5165:
5162:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5095:
5093:
5089:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5057:
5053:
5051:
5050:
5046:
5044:
5043:
5039:
5037:
5036:
5032:
5030:
5029:
5025:
5023:
5022:
5018:
5017:
5015:
5013:
5012:Sample return
5009:
5003:
5000:
4997:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4956:
4955:
4951:
4949:
4948:
4944:
4942:
4941:
4937:
4936:
4935:
4932:
4931:
4929:
4927:
4923:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4825:
4824:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4815:
4811:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4762:
4758:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4636:
4635:Chandrayaan-3
4633:
4631:
4630:Chandrayaan-1
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4604:
4603:
4599:
4598:
4597:
4596:
4592:
4590:
4589:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4578:
4571:
4567:
4565:
4564:
4560:
4558:
4557:
4553:
4551:
4550:
4546:
4544:
4543:
4539:
4537:
4536:
4532:
4530:
4529:
4525:
4524:
4522:
4518:
4515:
4509:
4499:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4489:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4473:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4447:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4420:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4397:
4394:
4391:
4390:Chandrayaan-2
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4371:
4368:
4362:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4335:
4334:
4331:
4327:
4324:
4323:
4322:
4319:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4310:
4307:
4303:
4300:
4299:
4298:
4295:
4291:
4288:
4287:
4286:
4283:
4279:
4276:
4275:
4274:
4271:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4246:Lunar Orbiter
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4228:
4227:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4217:
4213:
4209:
4205:
4198:
4193:
4191:
4186:
4184:
4179:
4178:
4175:
4162:
4161:
4158:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4132:
4126:
4123:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4105:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4094:
4090:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4056:Shorty crater
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4036:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4025:
4019:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4009:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3977:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3945:
3941:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3910:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3894:
3888:
3886:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3840:
3834:
3831:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3822:
3821:Anniversaries
3819:
3817:
3816:Missing tapes
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3796:Double crater
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3786:
3783:Lunar Module
3781:
3779:
3778:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3766:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3754:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3743:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3710:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3662:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3609:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3538:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3489:
3485:
3479:
3476:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3452:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3423:Little Joe II
3421:
3420:
3418:
3414:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3378:
3373:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3331:
3325:
3322:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3306:
3302:
3295:
3290:
3288:
3283:
3281:
3276:
3275:
3272:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3250:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3226:
3224:0-312-30865-5
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3203:
3202:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3169:
3163:
3162:
3146:
3139:
3132:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3104:
3093:
3087:
3079:
3075:
3069:
3062:
3048:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3008:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2987:
2971:
2967:
2966:
2961:
2955:
2939:
2932:
2916:
2909:
2893:
2886:
2878:
2872:
2864:
2858:
2842:
2835:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2818:
2810:
2803:
2790:
2786:
2779:
2763:
2759:
2752:
2737:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2723:
2717:
2709:
2703:
2697:
2689:
2682:
2681:
2673:
2671:
2662:
2659:Murphy, Tom.
2655:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2599:
2591:
2584:
2577:
2572:
2565:
2561:
2548:
2541:
2534:
2528:, pp. 515â516
2527:
2522:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2500:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2478:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2448:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2425:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2408:
2400:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2365:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2330:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2305:
2300:
2296:
2290:
2282:
2278:
2271:
2269:
2260:
2256:
2253:Grahn, Sven.
2249:
2233:
2229:
2221:
2217:
2211:
2203:
2196:
2188:
2181:
2173:
2169:
2168:
2160:
2152:
2145:
2129:
2125:
2118:
2110:
2103:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2066:
2051:
2050:la Repubblica
2047:
2041:
2026:
2022:
2015:
2007:
2003:
1997:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1968:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1939:
1924:. 3 July 2009
1923:
1919:
1913:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1885:
1877:
1870:
1862:
1858:
1852:
1850:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1811:
1803:
1796:
1789:
1777:
1773:
1766:
1758:
1751:
1736:
1732:
1725:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1698:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1663:
1656:
1649:
1644:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1612:
1605:
1600:
1592:
1588:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1541:
1537:
1531:
1516:
1512:
1505:
1491:
1490:
1483:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1450:
1443:
1435:
1429:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1398:
1382:
1378:
1372:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1343:
1339:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1305:
1303:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1226:, Australia.
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1193:, Apollo and
1192:
1188:
1184:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1110:
1105:
1092:
1084:
1079:
1072:
1067:
1060:
1055:
1048:
1043:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1016:
1011:
1010:
1009:
1005:
1001:
999:
995:
991:
986:
982:
978:
973:
968:
963:
954:
951:
936:
934:
930:
926:
916:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
893:
888:
887:
882:
876:
873:
867:
864:
860:
856:
852:
851:
844:
842:
836:
834:
833:
828:
821:
816:
812:
810:
806:
802:
794:
790:
785:
779:
774:
765:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
734:
724:
715:
713:
707:
697:
694:
690:
685:
682:
680:
676:
671:
661:
659:
658:
651:
641:
639:
635:
631:
620:
615:
613:
609:
605:
595:
593:
589:
585:
572:
568:
564:
560:
557:
556:Quindar tones
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
530:
526:
525:were tracking
522:
518:
514:
511:
507:
504:
500:
496:
492:
491:
489:
476:
473:
469:
468:
467:
463:
450:
446:
442:
438:
435:
434:
429:
426:
422:
419:
415:
412:
409:
405:
401:
397:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
347:
344:
340:
336:
335:
334:
330:
320:
318:
314:
304:
301:
299:
298:Vasily Mishin
289:
280:
278:
268:
266:
256:
254:
250:
249:
246:Lunar Module
244:
240:
239:Chandrayaan-2
237:
230:
226:
225:
222:Lunar Module
220:image of the
219:
218:Chandrayaan-2
215:
209:Chandrayaan-2
206:
204:
200:
196:
195:Chandrayaan-1
189:Chandrayaan-1
186:
184:
174:
168:
163:
156:
151:
148:
141:
136:
135:
134:
132:
128:
124:
120:
117:In 2008, the
110:
108:
104:
100:
96:
95:space program
92:
88:
84:
80:
70:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
51:Moon landings
48:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
21:
5935:
5911:
5786:Lunar Lander
5773:
5746:
5734:
5710:
5703:
5696:
5689:
5590:(late 2020s)
5416:Artemis VIII
5414:
5406:
5398:
5390:
5382:
5374:
5367:
5359:
5194:Chang'e 5-T1
5186:
5054:
5047:
5040:
5033:
5026:
5019:
4952:
4945:
4938:
4821:
4600:
4593:
4586:
4561:
4554:
4547:
4540:
4533:
4526:
4396:Chang'e 5-T1
4309:South Korean
4150:
4125:ApolloâSoyuz
4046:Tracy's Rock
4033:
3982:Genesis Rock
3974:
3884:
3875:
3784:
3776:
3751:
3471:Lunar Module
3260:Bill Kaysing
3200:
3191:Scott, David
3171:. New York:
3167:
3145:the original
3131:
3118:
3112:
3109:Oberg, James
3103:
3086:
3077:
3068:
3051:. Retrieved
3021:
3017:
3007:
2998:
2992:
2986:
2974:. Retrieved
2963:
2954:
2942:. Retrieved
2931:
2919:. Retrieved
2908:
2896:. Retrieved
2885:
2871:
2857:
2845:. Retrieved
2834:
2815:
2809:
2800:
2793:. Retrieved
2789:the original
2778:
2766:. Retrieved
2761:
2751:
2739:. Retrieved
2729:
2716:
2696:
2679:
2654:
2642:. Retrieved
2602:
2596:
2583:
2571:
2550:. Retrieved
2533:
2521:
2512:
2508:
2499:
2490:
2486:
2477:
2465:. Retrieved
2456:
2447:
2439:the original
2435:Science@NASA
2434:
2424:
2411:
2405:
2399:
2374:
2370:
2364:
2339:
2335:
2329:
2317:. Retrieved
2313:the original
2307:. New York:
2302:
2289:
2283:: 5.1â5.234.
2280:
2276:
2258:
2248:
2236:. Retrieved
2227:
2216:Kaminski, H.
2210:
2201:
2195:
2186:
2180:
2165:
2159:
2150:
2144:
2132:. Retrieved
2127:
2117:
2108:
2102:
2091:. Retrieved
2079:
2075:
2065:
2054:. Retrieved
2049:
2040:
2029:. Retrieved
2027:(in Italian)
2024:
2014:
2005:
1996:
1984:. Retrieved
1977:
1967:
1955:. Retrieved
1948:
1938:
1926:. Retrieved
1912:
1900:. Retrieved
1894:
1884:
1875:
1869:
1860:
1840:the original
1827:
1823:
1810:
1801:
1795:
1787:
1780:. Retrieved
1775:
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1756:
1750:
1738:. Retrieved
1734:
1724:
1707:
1703:
1697:
1672:
1668:
1655:
1643:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1599:
1590:
1544:. Retrieved
1539:
1530:
1518:. Retrieved
1504:
1494:, retrieved
1488:
1482:
1461:
1455:
1442:
1416:. Retrieved
1412:the original
1407:
1397:
1385:. Retrieved
1371:
1342:
1324:Moon landing
1299:
1268:Fresnedillas
1238:
1228:
1180:
1160:
1114:
1025:
1006:
1002:
977:Lunar Module
974:
971:
947:
922:
912:
896:
890:
884:
880:
877:
868:
859:Apache Point
849:
846:
838:
830:
824:
798:
730:
721:
709:
691:onto 2-inch
686:
683:
673:
655:
653:
637:
636:
633:
617:
610:
607:
591:
590:
587:
546:(CAPCOM) in
509:
471:
465:
431:
332:
310:
302:
295:
286:
274:
262:
247:
233:
223:
192:
179:
116:
99:space probes
79:Soviet Union
76:
46:
45:
5816:OrbitBeyond
5726:Cancelled /
5594:Argonaut M1
5552:Beresheet 2
5540:Hakuto-R M2
5408:Artemis VII
5376:Artemis III
5214:Longjiang-1
5108:Hakuto-R M1
4671:Longjiang-2
4646:Explorer 35
4290:Chandrayaan
4216:Exploration
4096:capsule use
4093:Post-Apollo
3987:Great Scott
3887:on the Moon
3883:Reports of
3877:Moon Museum
3665:Abort tests
3613:development
3032:: 287â310.
3001:(4): 47â50.
2609:: 229â238.
2576:Hansen 2005
2526:Hansen 2005
2134:January 25,
1902:February 6,
1648:Hansen 2005
1619:Spaceflight
1513:. Beijing:
1147:ultraviolet
1128:Capricornus
985:lunar rover
939:Photographs
311:A group at
29:Pete Conrad
5952:Categories
5826:Prospector
5801:Lunokhod 3
5674:Moon Diver
5669:McCandless
5582:MoonRanger
5400:Artemis VI
5384:Artemis IV
5361:Artemis II
5259:Mariner 10
5148:Surveyor 2
5143:OMOTENASHI
4962:Lunokhod 1
4880:Surveyor 1
4641:Clementine
3929:Big Bertha
3854:Surveyor 3
3158:References
2968:. London:
2734:. London:
2093:2021-11-11
2056:2021-11-11
2031:2021-11-11
2025:MEDIA INAF
1735:zarya.info
1675:(6): 281.
1626:. London:
1546:2024-09-02
1520:January 9,
1496:2021-10-25
1468:: 630â31.
1302:Surveyor 3
1026:Challenger
913:Lunokhod 1
909:Surveyor 1
897:Lunokhod 1
892:Lunokhod 2
886:Lunokhod 1
881:conclusive
738:Antarctica
733:Moon rocks
536:WHAS radio
447:. Many in
373:New Mexico
317:spacecraft
199:resolution
33:Surveyor 3
27:astronaut
5841:Ukrselena
5691:DSE-Alpha
5649:Garatéa-L
5639:Blue Moon
5634:Artemis-7
5558:ispace M3
5523:Chang'e 8
5517:Chang'e 7
5460:Luna-Glob
5392:Artemis V
5274:Pioneer 4
5264:NEA Scout
5239:LunaH-Map
5188:Apollo 13
5098:Beresheet
5077:Chang'e 5
5021:Apollo 11
4940:Apollo 15
4830:Chang'e 5
4761:Impactors
4615:Chang'e 1
4610:Artemis I
4528:Apollo 11
4456:Chang'e 3
4412:Queqiao 1
4326:Luna-Glob
4018:Big Muley
3934:Moon tree
3753:Earthrise
3602:Apollo 17
3597:Apollo 16
3592:Apollo 15
3587:Apollo 14
3582:Apollo 13
3577:Apollo 12
3572:Apollo 11
3567:Apollo 10
3438:Saturn IB
3211:Tom Hanks
3114:Astronomy
2940:. EEVblog
2826:0091-6358
2817:Astronomy
2768:March 15,
2545:. Paris:
2509:Astronomy
2487:Astronomy
2407:Astronomy
2304:Space.com
2238:April 25,
1896:OpenLearn
1474:0011-3891
1335:Citations
1329:Moon rock
1300:Parts of
1285:Apollo 12
1279:Apollo 12
1261:Apollo 11
1255:Apollo 11
1181:The NASA
1143:satellite
1124:Apollo 16
1022:Apollo 17
925:RATAN-600
863:HaleakalÄ
820:Apollo 14
778:Apollo 11
706:Apollo 17
700:Apollo 17
693:videotape
670:Apollo 16
664:Apollo 16
650:Apollo 15
644:Apollo 15
630:Apollo 14
624:Apollo 14
604:Apollo 13
598:Apollo 13
584:Apollo 12
578:Apollo 12
488:Apollo 11
482:Apollo 11
462:Apollo 10
456:Apollo 10
400:magnitude
265:Chang'e 2
259:Chang'e 2
243:Apollo 11
127:Apollo 15
25:Apollo 12
5836:SELENE-2
5811:MoonRise
5806:MoonLITE
5728:concepts
5654:ISOCHRON
5610:missions
5608:Proposed
5344:missions
5279:Ranger 5
4911:EagleCam
4784:Ranger 4
4588:Apollo 8
4580:Orbiters
4513:missions
4498:ArgoMoon
4430:Tiandu-1
4385:CAPSTONE
4373:Orbiters
4366:missions
4348:Lunokhod
4297:Japanese
4266:Surveyor
4226:American
4219:programs
3777:Columbia
3655:Apollo 6
3650:Apollo 4
3562:Apollo 9
3557:Apollo 8
3552:Apollo 7
3547:Apollo 1
3531:Apollo 6
3526:Apollo 5
3521:Apollo 4
3494:Uncrewed
3443:Saturn V
3433:Saturn I
3028:for the
2976:July 30,
2965:BBC News
2944:July 26,
2847:July 17,
2802:evident.
2795:July 18,
2639:32027563
2631:17749298
2578:, p. 515
2552:July 26,
2174:: 60â65.
1957:July 20,
1953:. London
1928:July 20,
1857:"Bochum"
1650:, p. 639
1606:, p. 247
1428:cite web
1381:Archived
1308:See also
1240:The Dish
1224:Canberra
1151:passband
1132:Aquarius
855:McDonald
567:Florence
351:(in the
329:Apollo 8
323:Apollo 8
5936:italics
5860:Related
5781:Lunar-A
5659:LunaNet
5617:Robotic
5584:(2020s)
5578:(2020s)
5572:(2020s)
5546:DESTINY
5500:(2030s)
5498:Luna 31
5494:(2030s)
5492:Luna 30
5488:(2030s)
5486:Luna 29
5480:Luna 28
5474:Luna 27
5468:Luna 26
5444:(2025)
5352:Artemis
5342:Planned
5204:Galileo
5199:Geotail
5062:Luna 16
5002:Jinchan
4814:Landers
4746:SMART-1
4676:Luna 10
4449:Landers
4440:ICUBE-Q
4392:Orbiter
4380:ARTEMIS
4321:Russian
4278:Chang'e
4273:Chinese
4256:Pioneer
4236:Artemis
4206:to the
4134:Related
3950:Journey
3715:flights
3713:Pegasus
3487:Flights
3034:Bibcode
2921:May 15,
2898:May 15,
2741:May 15,
2644:May 15,
2611:Bibcode
2598:Science
2562:of the
2467:July 8,
2379:Bibcode
2344:Bibcode
2319:May 14,
2084:Bibcode
2082:: 539.
1986:May 14,
1832:Bibcode
1712:Bibcode
1677:Bibcode
1632:Bibcode
1387:May 20,
1360:ESTRACK
1222:, near
1187:Mercury
872:photons
548:Houston
529:Luna 15
521:Sputnik
503:Russian
425:KQED-TV
391:of the
383:of the
359:of the
355:); the
121:(JAXA)
57:or the
5736:Altair
5683:Crewed
5596:(2031)
5566:(2026)
5560:(2026)
5554:(2025)
5548:(2025)
5542:(2024)
5533:Others
5525:(2028)
5519:(2026)
5482:(2030)
5476:(2028)
5470:(2027)
5438:(2024)
5419:(2033)
5411:(2032)
5403:(2031)
5395:(2030)
5387:(2028)
5379:(2026)
5364:(2025)
5329:PAS-22
5304:Zond 3
5284:STEREO
5269:Nozomi
5219:Luna 1
5174:Flybys
5158:Vikram
5113:Luna 5
4996:Sora-Q
4926:Rovers
4905:Vikram
4840:Luna 9
4774:Luna 2
4769:LCROSS
4491:Flybys
4482:Yutu-2
4475:Rovers
4402:Danuri
4364:Active
4338:Crewed
4333:Soviet
4314:Danuri
4285:Indian
4261:Ranger
4231:Apollo
4103:Skylab
3871:J002E3
3732:AS-105
3727:AS-104
3722:AS-103
3645:AS-203
3611:Saturn
3540:Crewed
3516:AS-202
3511:AS-201
3506:AS-102
3501:AS-101
3428:Saturn
3221:
3179:
3063:(PDF).
3053:May 2,
2824:
2637:
2629:
1782:May 9,
1740:May 9,
1472:
1418:May 2,
1212:Madrid
1202:: the
1195:Skylab
1191:Gemini
905:Luna 9
861:, and
805:lasers
793:APOLLO
746:Hadean
449:Hawaii
387:; and
277:Danuri
271:Danuri
123:SELENE
89:, and
5851:VIPER
5644:BOLAS
5629:ALINA
5254:LunIR
4992:LEV-2
4987:LEV-1
4741:PFS-2
4736:PFS-1
4666:LADEE
4661:Hiten
4656:GRAIL
3785:Eagle
3703:A-004
3693:A-003
3688:A-002
3683:A-001
3148:(PDF)
3141:(PDF)
3095:(PDF)
2764:. BBC
2684:(PDF)
2635:S2CID
2593:(PDF)
2543:(PDF)
2418:: 16.
2224:(PDF)
1710:: 5.
1665:(PDF)
1452:(PDF)
1210:near
1167:Spain
1140:TD-1A
1091:video
929:ALSEP
807:) on
789:laser
571:Italy
565:near
552:Texas
408:S-IVB
343:S-IVB
248:Eagle
224:Eagle
91:India
87:China
83:Japan
5846:XL-1
5576:CU-E
5509:CLEP
5442:IM-2
5428:CLPS
5299:Wind
5294:WMAP
5289:TESS
4972:Yutu
4916:IM-1
4511:Past
4466:SLIM
4353:Zond
4343:Luna
4241:CLPS
4208:Moon
3640:SA-5
3635:SA-4
3630:SA-3
3625:SA-2
3256:CNET
3219:ISBN
3177:ISBN
3125:: 2.
3055:2013
2978:2012
2946:2017
2923:2013
2900:2013
2849:2009
2822:ISSN
2797:2007
2770:2020
2743:2013
2646:2013
2627:PMID
2554:2007
2469:2009
2321:2013
2240:2011
2136:2023
1988:2013
1959:2009
1930:2009
1904:2006
1784:2013
1742:2013
1522:2024
1470:ISSN
1434:link
1420:2013
1389:2008
1130:and
889:and
561:The
493:The
445:Maui
236:ISRO
55:NASA
37:Moon
5769:LEO
5209:ICE
3673:QTV
3042:doi
2970:BBC
2619:doi
2603:182
2387:doi
2375:470
2352:doi
2202:QST
2187:QST
2167:QST
1685:doi
1233:in
1138:'s
1122:by
992:at
967:LRO
760:in
677:at
657:QST
538:in
515:At
367:);
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5182:4M
5138:25
5133:18
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