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gap; the
Soviets would not "gain a strategic posture which might tempt them to initiate a surprise attack." Gates based his thinking in part on a debatable approach to intelligence estimates, which took account of Soviet intentions as well as capabilities, leading to the conclusion that the disparity
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Gates retired from office on 20 January 1961. There were those who regarded him as the first of a new breed of secretaries of defense who would take a more active management approach evidenced by his regular meetings with the JCS and establishment of the Joint
Strategic Target Planning Staff. Gates,
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Eisenhower indicated that the flights would not be resumed but rejected the other demands, whereupon
Khrushchev refused to proceed with the summit meeting. Gates suggested later that the Russian leader used the U-2 crisis to abort a meeting that he had determined in advance would not result in gains
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to the development of basic defense policy, a sphere in which the president remained dominant. While he instituted no radical departure from the New Look approach, the changing nature of nuclear weapons and delivery systems, the related assumed need for continental defense systems, and the pressing
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as the nucleus of the U.S. "forward strategy." As he put it, "Should we ever abandon our forward strategy in favor of the so-called 'Fortress
America' concept, we would retreat forever." He urged Congress to continue adequate funding for military assistance, which had brought very high returns for
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targeting, Gates set up the JSTPS. The SAC commander, supported by an integrated joint staff, assumed separate duties as director of strategic target planning, to be, as Gates indicated, "the planning agent for the Joint Chiefs of Staff in developing and keeping up to date the detailed plans which
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In a lengthy statement entitled "Department of
Defense, 1953-1960," prepared at the close of Gates's tenure, the Department of Defense summarized its accomplishments during the Eisenhower years, concluding that "today our armed forces have the greatest striking power in our history, many times
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that they used to launch space satellites earlier than the United States. Gates told a House committee, "We are not behind the
Russians in our military effort overall . . . . It is one thing to admit you are behind in the ability to put big payloads in space for which we have at the moment no
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January 1960, the two principal U.S. defense objectives were "to deter the outbreak of general war by maintaining and improving our present capability to retaliate with devastating effectiveness in case of a major attack upon us or our allies" and "to maintain, together with our allies, a
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On the eve of the summit conference, Gates ordered a worldwide alert of U.S. military communications facilities a decision criticized by some as provocative. Stoutly defending his action, Gates later explained that he decided, with the concurrence of
Eisenhower and Secretary of State
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delivery systems. Also during this period, there occurred movement toward greater emphasis on counterforce targeting a potential enemy's military installations and forces. Not only was the United States developing or beginning to deploy a variety of missile systems during this
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and military programs. When the U.S. long-range ballistic missile program began in the early 1950s, Gates observed, the development of small, lightweight nuclear warheads by
American scientists made it possible for smaller ballistic missiles to carry them.
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Gates saw no clear distinction between general war and limited war forces. As he put it, "All forces are a deterrent to and would be employed in a general war. Most of our forces could be employed in a limited war, if required." He noted as an example that
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objected to the new arrangement, Gates encouraged him to argue his case with
President Eisenhower, who ultimately upheld Gates's decision. Thereafter Burke supported the JSTPS and assigned to it highly qualified naval officers.
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By December 1960 the JSTPS had prepared the first Single Integrated Operational Plan (SIOP), which specified for various attack options the timing, weapons, delivery systems, and targets to be used by U.S. strategic forces.
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capability initially because they are deployed in the world's trouble zones and they have on-the-spot ability to react"; yet, he added, they could contribute to the strategic offensive forces during general war.
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1961 budget after Congress completed its work. Total obligational authority amounted to $ 44.6 billion, almost $ 4.4 billion over the previous year. The bulk of the increase went to the Navy and the
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appointed him chairman of the Advisory Commission on an All-Volunteer Force, which presented its recommendations to end the draft on February 21, 1970. From 1976 to 1977 he served, with the rank of
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Gates married the former Millicent Anne Brengle on September 29, 1928. They had one son and three daughters. After graduating, he joined his father's Philadelphia-based investment banking firm,
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and the ultimate decision-maker, Gates appeared to operate with more authority and independence than his immediate predecessors, especially in areas such as strategic policy and planning.
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Another important Gates initiative was the creation in August 1960 of the Joint Strategic Target Planning Staff (JSTPS). Previously, inadequate coordination of targeting plans between the
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that had been scheduled prior to the U-2 affair. There Khrushchev demanded termination of all U.S. flights over the Soviet Union, an apology, and punishment of those responsible.
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Gates conceded that the Soviets might have more strategic missiles than the United States for a few years, perhaps peaking in 1962, but he denied that there was a real missile or
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who had observed the gradual downgrading of service secretary positions, he felt that the service secretaries should play a more important role, and he encouraged them to do so.
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announced the incident four days later and accused the United States of spying, the Eisenhower administration initially suggested that the plane might have strayed into Soviet
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rather than the manned bomber as its primary strategic delivery system presaged a threat of such magnitude to the United States that, together with the
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1434:"Franklin's Legacy: Ambassadors and Others of International Diplomatic Rank Roster of Alumni, Faculty, and Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania"
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of course, had the advantages of long prior service in DoD and the expanded authority of the office resulting from the 1953 and 1958 reorganizations.
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capability to apply to local situations the degree of force necessary to deter local wars, or to win or contain them promptly if they do break out."
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and Defense departments, including Gates, President Eisenhower later admitted that the U-2 was on an intelligence-gathering mission (actually under
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and the Navy led to redundancy and disputed priorities. These differences became especially significant with the advent of the Navy's sea-based
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Although Gates adhered to the usual budget posture and strategy of the Eisenhower administration, there was 8.2 percent real growth in DoD's
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Perhaps the most spectacular event of Gates's administration occurred on 1 May 1960 when the Soviet Union shot down over its territory a
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on 1 April 1957, positions in which he earned the president's approval. It was a foregone conclusion when Gates became Defense Secretary
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and was a member of the school's basketball team, where in March 1928, he was arrested along with 16 other students with charges of
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During Gates's tenure, two missile elements—the ICBM and the submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) -- joined the manned
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between the number of Soviet and U.S. missiles by 1962 or 1963 would not be as great as estimated during the McElroy period.
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during the periods 1972–1976 and 1978–1983. The community center at College of the Atlantic is named in his honor.
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Although President Eisenhower continued to be, as during the Wilson and McElroy periods, the chief author of
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military requirement, and another thing to admit that we are behind in our total military posture."
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Among other accomplishments, it cited development of medium- and long-range bombers (including the
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question of how to respond to local or "limited" wars, dictated a gradual shift in defense policy.
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is named after the late Secretary of Defense. It is the only such cruiser named after a person.
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put into service during the 1950s) and ICBMs; installation of a continental defense system the
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control) and assumed responsibility for the flight. In mid-May Gates accompanied Eisenhower to
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Citation Accompanying the Medal of Freedom Presented to Thomas S. Gates. January 18, 1961
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UNIVERSITY HISTORY Student Traditions Rowbottom: Documented Rowbottoms, 1910-1970
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in his cabinet and that Gates would be high on the list of possible appointees.
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The House of Morgan: An American Banking Dynasty and the Rise of Modern Finance
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As a top-level DoD official since 1953, Gates was familiar with the 1953 and
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ballistic missiles. Acting on a proposal by SAC Commander in Chief General
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shock, it forced an acceleration in the pace of U.S. missile development.
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Biographical Directory of the United States Executive Branch, 1774-1989
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An official portrait of Gates during his tenure as Secretary of Defense
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1090:(DEW) Line, the Ballistic Missile Early Warning System (BMEWS), and
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Like all of his predecessors, Gates supported U.S. participation in
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718:. Gates became a full partner at Drexel and Company in 1940.
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U.S. Army's Transition to the All-volunteer Force, 1868–1974
1252:"Thomas S. Gates, Jr. - Dwight D. Eisenhower Administration"
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The Russians, on the other hand, concentrated on very large
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Administrator of the Federal Civil Defense Administration
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Robert K. Griffith Jr.; John Wyndham Mountcastle (1997).
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Director of the Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization
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to become Intercollegiate League champions. A member of
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Office of the Secretary of Defense - Historical Office
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Gates cultivated a good working relationship with the
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60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1145:On January 18, 1961, Gates was presented with the
996:On the recommendation of representatives from the
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27:American diplomat and 7th US Secretary of Defense
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602:reconnaissance flights, including the flight of
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3442:Director of the Office of Defense Mobilization
923:Gates, like McElroy, had to contend with the "
846:Gates devoted more time than his predecessors
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1043:Summary of Gates' tenure as defense secretary
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714:for two years where he was an apprentice for
4140:United States Navy personnel of World War II
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226:December 2, 1959 – January 20, 1961
4175:United States Under Secretaries of the Navy
4125:United States deputy secretaries of defense
3315:Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare
2800:United States Deputy Secretaries of Defense
1646:Chief of the U.S. Liaison Office in Beijing
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1352:Historical Dictionary of the Eisenhower Era
1328:Ashish Shrestha; Mary D. McConaghy (2005).
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611:Chief of the U.S. Liaison Office in Beijing
157:Chief of the U.S. Liaison Office in Beijing
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4210:Ambassadors of the United States to China
4190:Eisenhower administration cabinet members
1540:United States Deputy Secretary of Defense
1349:Burton I. Kaufman; Diane Kaufman (2008).
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671:, in 1924. He was then accepted into the
393:United States Under Secretary of the Navy
277:United States Deputy Secretary of Defense
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1302:. time.com. June 1, 1959. Archived from
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653:from 1930 to 1944, and his wife, Marie (
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594:from 1957 to 1959, both under President
405:October 7, 1953 – April 1, 1957
289:June 8, 1959 – December 1, 1959
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1207:, on March 25, 1983, at the age of 76.
774:1958 Defense Department reorganizations
733:, and participated in campaigns in the
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3423:Director of the Mutual Security Agency
2508:Research, Development and Acquisitions
1485:October 7, 1953 – April 1, 1957
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912:The USSR's emphasis on the land-based
609:Later in his career, he served as the
4130:United States secretaries of the navy
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3511:Chair of the Atomic Energy Commission
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2498:Energy, Installations and Environment
1695:United States Secretaries of the Navy
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1056:Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
753:President Eisenhower appointed Gates
342:April 1, 1957 – June 8, 1959
4155:Military personnel from Philadelphia
4120:United States secretaries of defense
3361:Director of the Bureau of the Budget
2594:United States Secretaries of Defense
2493:Financial Management and Comptroller
1300:"National Affairs: SALT AT THE HELM"
1111:-type carriers; and creation of the
659:Rogers) Gates. Gates graduated from
58:adding citations to reliable sources
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1512:April 1, 1957 – June 8, 1959
1508:United States Secretary of the Navy
981:reconnaissance aircraft piloted by
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330:United States Secretary of the Navy
24:
4180:Recipients of the Medal of Freedom
3648:United States Ambassadors to China
784:Relationship with the Joint Chiefs
214:United States Secretary of Defense
169:May 6, 1976 – May 8, 1977
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4200:University of Pennsylvania people
4195:20th-century American politicians
4145:University of Pennsylvania alumni
3555:White House Deputy Chief of Staff
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2541:Research, Engineering and Systems
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1188:Gates served as a Trustee of the
871:"are probably the country's best
4170:Members of the Philadelphia Club
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3398:Ambassador to the United Nations
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1412:. DIANE Publishing. p. 38.
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1097:systems; production of several
45:needs additional citations for
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4150:Politicians from Philadelphia
3580:White House Cabinet Secretary
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1163:Morgan Guaranty Trust Company
1113:Defense Communications Agency
905:, and Polaris-but so was the
4205:Chestnut Hill Academy alumni
4101:American Institute in Taiwan
2503:Manpower and Reserve Affairs
1179:United States Liaison Office
952:Views on collective security
741:areas. He was released from
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4135:United States Navy officers
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2526:Installations and Logistics
2513:General Counsel of the Navy
1481:Under Secretary of the Navy
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755:Under Secretary of the Navy
695:, Gates graduated with his
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3984:Chiefs of the U.S. Liaison
3976:People's Republic of China
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3530:White House Chief of Staff
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2546:Shipbuilding and Logistics
1336:University of Pennsylvania
1190:University of Pennsylvania
1183:People's Republic of China
1088:Distant Early Warning Line
880:Views on strategic weapons
858:As Gates pointed out at a
677:Penn Quakers football team
673:University of Pennsylvania
669:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
651:University of Pennsylvania
584:Thomas Sovereign Gates Jr.
532:University of Pennsylvania
470:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
457:Thomas Sovereign Gates Jr.
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825:Chief of Naval Operations
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4185:Pennsylvania Republicans
4020:Ambassador Extraordinary
3930:Ambassador Extraordinary
3881:Ambassador Extraordinary
3840:Minister Plenipotentiary
3742:Minister Plenipotentiary
3412:James Jeremiah Wadsworth
3246:Secretary of Agriculture
2536:Research and Development
964:programs. He identified
3838:Envoy Extraordinary and
3740:Envoy Extraordinary and
1194:College of the Atlantic
1167:chief executive officer
1161:in New York, later the
1141:Later career and honors
1079:greater than in 1953."
637:, Gates was the son of
1095:surface-to-air missile
1075:
1016:for the Soviet Union.
985:. When Soviet Premier
842:Role in defense policy
793:
729:, rose to the rank of
693:Phi Beta Kappa Society
663:, an all-male private
590:from 1959 to 1961 and
521:Thomas Sovereign Gates
3406:Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.
3298:Martin Patrick Durkin
3265:Secretary of Commerce
1614:Morgan Guaranty Trust
1101:, beginning with the
1050:
888:to form a "triad" of
860:congressional hearing
805:Strategic Air Command
798:Joint Chiefs of Staff
791:
778:Secretary of the Navy
767:Department of Defense
661:Chestnut Hill Academy
621:Early life and career
592:Secretary of the Navy
69:"Thomas S. Gates Jr."
3279:Frederick H. Mueller
3185:Herbert Brownell Jr.
3154:Charles Erwin Wilson
3146:Secretary of Defense
3048:Dwight D. Eisenhower
1573:Dwight D. Eisenhower
1550:James H. Douglas Jr.
1385:. google.books.com.
1275:. google.books.com.
1269:Rober Sobel (1990).
1151:Dwight D. Eisenhower
1054:Thomas S. Gate with
1052:Secretary of Defense
757:in October 1953 and
731:lieutenant commander
691:fraternity, and the
683:after Penn defeated
596:Dwight D. Eisenhower
588:Secretary of Defense
562:Lieutenant Commander
414:Dwight D. Eisenhower
351:Dwight D. Eisenhower
322:James H. Douglas Jr.
298:Dwight D. Eisenhower
245:James H. Douglas Jr.
235:Dwight D. Eisenhower
54:improve this article
4022:and Plenipotentiary
3932:and Plenipotentiary
3883:and Plenipotentiary
3166:Thomas S. Gates Jr.
1591:Business positions
1466:Government offices
1355:. Scarecrow Press.
1169:in 1965. President
1153:. After he left at
1064:Army Chief of Staff
1022:Christian A. Herter
983:Francis Gary Powers
973:The U-2 controversy
962:military assistance
958:collective security
639:Thomas S. Gates Sr.
604:Francis Gary Powers
136:Thomas S. Gates Jr.
3290:Secretary of Labor
3210:Arthur Summerfield
3202:Postmaster General
3135:Robert B. Anderson
3129:George M. Humphrey
3104:John Foster Dulles
3096:Secretary of State
1599:Henry C. Alexander
1525:Political offices
1177:, as chief of the
1159:Morgan and Company
1099:nuclear submarines
1076:
794:
708:Drexel and Company
665:preparatory school
552:United States Navy
4107:
4106:
3917:Republic of China
3821:Republic of China
3714:chargé d’affaires
3665:Great Qing Empire
3607:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3594:Robert Keith Gray
3381:Percival Brundage
3344:
3343:
3304:James P. Mitchell
3191:William P. Rogers
3007:
3006:
2766:
2765:
2560:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2121:
2120:
1662:
1661:
1653:Succeeded by
1639:George H. W. Bush
1631:Diplomatic posts
1621:Succeeded by
1581:Succeeded by
1575:
1547:Succeeded by
1533:Donald A. Quarles
1518:William B. Franke
1515:Succeeded by
1501:Charles S. Thomas
1491:William B. Franke
1488:Succeeded by
1474:Charles S. Thomas
1419:978-0-7881-7864-1
1060:Nathan F. Twining
987:Nikita Khrushchev
969:the money spent.
890:strategic nuclear
869:aircraft carriers
848:Charles E. Wilson
817:strategic weapons
815:that SAC control
745:in October 1945.
725:he served in the
643:investment banker
581:
580:
504:Millicent Brengle
438:William B. Franke
385:William B. Franke
361:William B. Franke
310:Donald A. Quarles
194:George H. W. Bush
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
4217:
3717:
3693:
3676:
3656:
3655:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3634:
3627:
3620:
3611:
3610:
3569:Gerald D. Morgan
3350:
3349:
3329:Marion B. Folsom
3323:Oveta Culp Hobby
3254:Ezra Taft Benson
3177:Attorney General
3110:Christian Herter
3089:
3088:
3057:
3056:
3034:
3027:
3020:
3011:
3010:
3002:
2812:
2793:
2786:
2779:
2770:
2769:
2761:
2606:
2587:
2580:
2573:
2564:
2563:
2417:T. Roosevelt Jr.
2372:T. Roosevelt Sr.
2342:
2341:
2143:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2129:
2128:
1965:Dept. of Defense
1708:
1707:
1688:
1681:
1674:
1665:
1664:
1656:Leonard Woodcock
1650:1976–1977
1636:Preceded by
1618:1965–1976
1596:Preceded by
1578:1959–1961
1570:
1557:Preceded by
1530:Preceded by
1498:Preceded by
1471:Preceded by
1463:
1462:
1438:
1437:
1430:
1424:
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1315:
1313:
1311:
1306:on July 13, 2007
1296:
1287:
1286:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1248:
1171:Richard M. Nixon
1147:Medal of Freedom
831:Arleigh A. Burke
820:are necessary."
749:Political career
697:Bachelor of Arts
543:Military service
483:
466:
464:
448:Personal details
434:
422:
403:
381:
369:
340:
318:
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206:Leonard Woodcock
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3668:
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3638:
3608:
3599:
3588:Maxwell M. Rabb
3574:
3549:
3524:
3505:
3486:
3461:
3450:Arthur Flemming
3436:
3417:
3392:
3355:
3340:
3335:Arthur Flemming
3309:
3284:
3259:
3240:
3215:
3196:
3171:
3160:Neil H. McElroy
3140:
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2117:
1959:
1697:
1692:
1658:
1649:
1641:
1626:
1617:
1601:
1586:
1584:Robert McNamara
1577:
1569:
1562:
1560:Neil H. McElroy
1552:
1543:
1535:
1520:
1511:
1503:
1493:
1484:
1476:
1446:
1441:
1436:. June 6, 2013.
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1231:Thomas S. Gates
1213:
1157:, Gates joined
1143:
1131:John F. Kennedy
1068:Lyman Lemnitzer
1045:
975:
954:
882:
852:Neil H. McElroy
844:
813:Thomas S. Power
786:
751:
681:inciting a riot
623:
491:Political party
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3563:Wilton Persons
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3548:
3547:
3544:Wilton Persons
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3519:John A. McCone
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3431:Harold Stassen
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3273:Sinclair Weeks
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3235:Fred A. Seaton
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3068:Vice President
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1199:Gates died in
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1124:defense policy
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3538:Sherman Adams
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3387:Maurice Stans
3385:
3382:
3379:
3376:
3373:
3370:
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3358:
3354:Cabinet-level
3351:
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3229:Douglas McKay
3227:
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3077:
3076:Richard Nixon
3074:
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2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
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2001:
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1996:
1994:
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1989:
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1746:
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1741:
1740:Crowninshield
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1712:Cabinet-level
1709:
1706:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1689:
1684:
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1677:
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1670:
1669:
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1496:
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1453:
1451:
1450:DoD Biography
1448:
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1435:
1429:
1421:
1415:
1411:
1410:
1402:
1394:
1392:9780802138293
1388:
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1364:
1362:9780810862845
1358:
1354:
1353:
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1322:
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1282:9780313265938
1278:
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1236:
1234:
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1195:
1191:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1149:by President
1148:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1120:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1109:
1105:in 1954, and
1104:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
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1038:
1034:
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949:
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926:
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904:
900:
896:
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887:
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853:
849:
839:
835:
832:
829:
826:
821:
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801:
799:
790:
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770:
768:
764:
760:
756:
746:
744:
740:
739:Mediterranean
736:
732:
728:
724:
719:
717:
713:
712:New York City
709:
704:
702:
698:
694:
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541:
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124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
4005:
3974:
3915:
3819:
3713:
3706:
3682:Commissioner
3663:
3475:Val Peterson
3369:Joseph Dodge
3165:
2854:
2643:
2432:H. Roosevelt
2407:F. Roosevelt
2199:
1997:
1644:
1604:
1565:
1538:
1506:
1479:
1456:
1428:
1408:
1401:
1381:
1371:
1351:
1344:
1330:
1308:. Retrieved
1304:the original
1271:
1264:
1255:
1246:
1230:
1217:
1214:
1205:Pennsylvania
1201:Philadelphia
1198:
1187:
1155:The Pentagon
1144:
1128:
1121:
1117:
1107:
1081:
1077:
1072:The Pentagon
1026:
1018:
1014:
995:
979:Lockheed U-2
976:
955:
942:
934:
922:
911:
907:Soviet Union
883:
865:
857:
845:
836:
822:
802:
795:
771:
763:Neil McElroy
752:
723:World War II
720:
705:
654:
635:Pennsylvania
631:Philadelphia
624:
608:
583:
582:
572:World War II
568:Battles/wars
482:(1983-03-25)
433:Succeeded by
400:
380:Succeeded by
337:
317:Succeeded by
284:
264:Succeeded by
221:
201:Succeeded by
182:Jimmy Carter
164:
116:
110:January 2008
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
4165:1983 deaths
4160:1906 births
3596:(1958–1961)
3590:(1954–1958)
3571:(1958–1961)
3565:(1953–1958)
3546:(1958–1961)
3540:(1953–1958)
3521:(1958–1961)
3502:(1958–1961)
3483:(1957–1958)
3477:(1953–1957)
3458:(1957–1958)
3456:Gordon Gray
3452:(1953–1957)
3414:(1960–1961)
3408:(1953–1960)
3389:(1958–1961)
3383:(1956–1958)
3377:(1954–1956)
3371:(1953–1954)
3337:(1958–1961)
3331:(1955–1958)
3325:(1953–1955)
3306:(1953–1961)
3281:(1959–1961)
3275:(1953–1958)
3256:(1953–1961)
3237:(1956–1961)
3231:(1953–1956)
3212:(1953–1961)
3193:(1957–1961)
3187:(1953–1957)
3168:(1959–1961)
3162:(1957–1959)
3156:(1953–1957)
3137:(1957–1961)
3131:(1953–1957)
3112:(1959–1961)
3106:(1953–1959)
3078:(1953–1961)
3050:(1953–1961)
2669:Schlesinger
2412:G. Woodbury
2337:Secretaries
2300:Livingstone
2152:Secretaries
2108:Braithwaite
1760:L. Woodbury
1703:Secretaries
1377:Ron Chernow
1218:Ticonderoga
1029:fiscal year
925:missile gap
873:limited war
743:active duty
615:Gerald Ford
421:Preceded by
368:Preceded by
305:Preceded by
252:Preceded by
189:Preceded by
178:Gerald Ford
4114:Categories
4099:See also:
3986:Office in
3959:McConaughy
3759:Burlingame
2684:Weinberger
2664:Richardson
2245:Middendorf
2038:Middendorf
1850:R Thompson
1745:S Thompson
1239:References
1175:ambassador
1135:Republican
960:pacts and
627:Germantown
495:Republican
463:1906-04-10
80:newspapers
3944:Drumright
3867:MacMurray
3500:Leo Hoegh
3481:Leo Hoegh
3045:President
2955:Wolfowitz
2895:Ellsworth
2865:Gilpatric
2845:Robertson
2614:Forrestal
2517:defunct:
2486:Post–1954
2397:Satterlee
2335:Assistant
2255:Macdonald
2190:Whitehair
2160:Forrestal
1955:Forrestal
1900:Bonaparte
1765:Dickerson
1310:April 17,
1108:Forrestal
1033:Air Force
945:deterrent
903:Minuteman
759:Secretary
703:in 1928.
685:Princeton
528:Education
517:Relatives
410:President
401:In office
347:President
338:In office
294:President
285:In office
231:President
222:In office
174:President
165:In office
4084:Branstad
4069:Huntsman
4029:Woodcock
4011:Woodcock
3862:Schurman
3804:Rockhill
3721:Marshall
2985:Norquist
2980:Shanahan
2910:Carlucci
2890:Clements
2840:Anderson
2719:R. Gates
2714:Rumsfeld
2689:Carlucci
2674:Rumsfeld
2654:Clifford
2649:McNamara
2644:T. Gates
2624:Marshall
2531:Material
2422:Robinson
2402:Winthrop
2392:Newberry
2345:Pre–1954
2315:Davidson
2270:Goodrich
2200:T. Gates
2175:Sullivan
2170:A. Gates
2113:Del Toro
2023:Ignatius
2008:Connally
1998:T. Gates
1988:Anderson
1978:Matthews
1973:Sullivan
1910:Newberry
1865:Chandler
1800:Bancroft
1770:Paulding
1750:Southard
1730:Hamilton
1720:Stoddert
1606:Chairman
1379:(2010).
1211:Namesake
1103:Nautilus
1066:General
1058:General
1037:security
991:airspace
937:boosters
689:Zeta Psi
625:Born in
523:(father)
509:Children
4059:Prueher
3988:Beijing
3890:Johnson
3872:Johnson
3852:Reinsch
3847:Calhoun
3829:Nanjing
3825:Beijing
3809:Calhoun
3697:Everett
3692:(Envoy)
3689:Cushing
3061:Cabinet
3041:Cabinet
2960:England
2950:de Leon
2905:Claytor
2880:Packard
2860:Douglas
2850:Quarles
2724:Panetta
2639:McElroy
2619:Johnson
2467:Koehler
2462:Andrews
2442:Compton
2427:Jahncke
2387:Darling
2382:Hackett
2275:Garrett
2260:Woolsey
2240:Sanders
2225:Baldwin
2185:Kimball
2103:Spencer
2088:England
2073:O'Keefe
2068:Garrett
2048:Hidalgo
2043:Claytor
1983:Kimball
1940:Swanson
1920:Daniels
1905:Metcalf
1880:Herbert
1870:Whitney
1845:Robeson
1820:Kennedy
1810:Preston
1785:Henshaw
1233:(CG-51)
1226:cruiser
1181:in the
1039:needs.
918:Sputnik
893:period-
828:Admiral
809:Polaris
735:Pacific
721:During
701:English
94:scholar
4079:Baucus
4054:Sasser
4044:Lilley
4034:Hummel
3954:Wright
3939:Rankin
3921:Taipei
3905:Stuart
3900:Hurley
3799:Conger
3784:Angell
3779:Seward
3764:Browne
3731:Parker
3726:McLane
3708:Parker
3433:(1953)
3300:(1953)
2970:Carter
2935:Deutch
2925:Atwood
2915:Thayer
2900:Duncan
2830:Foster
2825:Lovett
2749:Austin
2739:Mattis
2734:Carter
2694:Cheney
2634:Wilson
2629:Lovett
2477:Fogler
2472:Askins
2457:Kenney
2452:Hensel
2437:Edison
2367:McAdoo
2305:Aviles
2290:Hultin
2285:Danzig
2280:Howard
2265:Murray
2250:Potter
2235:Warner
2220:BeLieu
2205:Franke
2195:Thomas
2180:Kenney
2093:Winter
2083:Danzig
2078:Dalton
2053:Lehman
2033:Warner
2028:Chafee
2003:Franke
1993:Thomas
1945:Edison
1930:Wilbur
1895:Morton
1835:Welles
1830:Toucey
1825:Dobbin
1815:Graham
1790:Gilmer
1780:Upshur
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2013:Korth
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