Thunderbolt (interface)

2350: 717: 1267: 725: 737: 1825: 2266:. If users extend the PCI Express bus (the most common high-speed expansion bus in systems as of 2018) with Thunderbolt, it allows very low-level access to the computer. An attacker could physically attach a malicious device, which, through its direct and unimpeded access to system memory and other devices, would be able to bypass almost all security measures of the operating system, allowing the attacker to read and write system memory, potentially exposing encryption keys or installing 1035:, not USB. As the system was described, Intel's solution to the display connection problem became clear: Thunderbolt controllers multiplex data from existing DP systems with data from the PCIe port into a single cable. Older displays that using DP 1.1a or earlier must be located at the end of a Thunderbolt device chain, but native displays can be anywhere along the line. Thunderbolt devices can go anywhere on the chain. In that respect, Thunderbolt shares a relationship with the older 918: ... and piggyback on USB 3.0 or 4.0 DC power." Light Peak aimed to make great strides in consumer-ready optical technology, by then having achieved " for 7,000 insertions, which matches or exceeds other PC connections ... cables in multiple knots to make sure it didn't break and the loss is acceptable," and, "You can almost get two people pulling on it at once and it won't break the fibre." They predicted that "Light Peak cables will be no more expensive than HDMI." 9814: 8853: 2458:

conditioning circuitry. Interestingly, Apple are currently the only company that offers a 3 m (9.8 ft) copper cable, whilst other companies maximum length of copper cables are 2 m (6.6 ft). Optical Thunderbolt 4 cables were targeting lengths from ~5 m (16 ft) to 50 m (160 ft), although this may not happen, instead jumping to Thunderbolt 5 optical cables, sometime after the arrival of that standard in late 2024.

1275: 701: 1838: 885:, Intel demonstrated a laptop with a Light Peak connector, indicating that the technology had shrunk enough to fit inside such a device, and had the laptop send two simultaneous HD video streams down the connection, indicating that at least some fraction of the software/firmware stacks and protocols were functional. At the same demonstration, Intel officials said they expected hardware manufacturing to begin around the end of 2010. 709: 977:. Just over a year later, in September 2020, Corning released their optical Thunderbolt 3 cables in lengths of 5 m (20 ft), 10 m (30 ft), 15 m (50 ft), 25 m (80 ft), and 50 m (160 ft). In the meantime, Taiwanese company Areca released optical Thunderbolt 3 cables in April 2020 in lengths of 10 m (30 ft), 20 m (70 ft), and 30 m (100 ft). 36: 1021:'s Brooke Crothers said it was rumored that the early-2011, MacBook Pro update would include some sort of new data port, and he speculated it would be Light Peak (Thunderbolt). At the time, there were no details on the physical implementation, and mock-ups appeared showing a system similar to the earlier Intel demos using a combined USB/Light Peak port. Shortly before the release of the new machines, the 1624:

backwards compatibility. This means multiple rival devices may use different brandings to accomplish the same task. USB4 PCIe devices can be backwards compatible with Thunderbolt 1–3 but this is not required. USB4 PCIe Mode is not an Alternate Mode like DisplayPort Alternate Mode, and Microsoft requires devices with USB4 to include PCIe support currently, in order to be WHQL/Windows certified PCs.

2331:. They allow a malicious party to access all data stored in a computer, even if the device is locked, password-protected, and has an encrypted hard drive. These vulnerabilities affect all Thunderbolt 1, 2 and 3 ports. The attack requries the computer to be in sleep mode and have a Thunderbolt controller with a writable fireware chip. A well-trained attacker with physical access to the computer (" 1717:'s (USB-IF) USB4 2.0 specification. It provides symmetric bandwidth of 80 Gbit/s, e.g. for mass-storage devices, double that of Thunderbolt 4, and unidirectional bandwidth of 120 Gbit/s for displays (three times that of Thunderbolt 3 and 4), supporting dual 8K displays at 60 Hz. The minimum required bandwidth remains unchanged from Thunderbolt 4: 32 Gbit/s for PCIe link. 2335:") can perform the required steps in 5 minutes. With a malicious firmware, the attacker can covertly disable Thunderbolt security, clone device identities, and proceed to use DMA to extract data. Thunderspy vulnerabilities can largely be mitigated using Kernel DMA Protection, along with traditional anti-intrusion hardware features. 2275:

malicious device could take advantage of complex interactions between multiple emulated peripherals, exposing subtle bugs and vulnerabilities. Some motherboard and UEFI implementations offer Kernel DMA Protection. Intel VT-d-based direct memory access (DMA) protection is a mandatory requirement for Thunderbolt 4 Host Certification.

2383:. In the third quarter of 2012, other manufacturers started shipping Thunderbolt cables, including cables reaching the 3 metres (9.8 feet) length limit, while some storage-enclosure builders began bundling Thunderbolt cables with their devices, rather than making customers buy them separately, as had been standard practice. 959:

protocol and the 20 Gbit/s Thunderbolt 2 protocol, and thus are able to work with all self-powered Thunderbolt devices (unlike copper cables, optical cables cannot provide power). The cables extend the current 30 m (100 ft) maximum length offered by copper to a maximum of 60 m (200 ft).

1536:(DSC). That would be 51.84 Gbit/s, impossible for Thunderbolt 3, but it works because the two 3008×3384 10bpc 60 Hz 648.91 MHz signals of the XDR display only require 38.9 Gbit/s total and Thunderbolt does not transmit the DisplayPort stuffing symbols used to fill the HBR3 bandwidth. 1797:

CPU and Titan Ridge add-in card working by modifying the firmware, indicating that the lack of Thunderbolt support on non-Intel systems is not due to any hardware limitations. As of May 2019, it is possible to have Thunderbolt 3 support on AMD using add-in cards without any problems, and motherboards

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The DisplayPort standard is partially compatible with Thunderbolt, as the two share Apple's physically compatible MDP connector. The Target Display mode on iMacs requires a Thunderbolt cable to accept a video-in signal from another Thunderbolt-capable computer. A DP monitor must be the last (or only)

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A single Mini DisplayPort monitor or other device of any kind may be connected directly or at the very end of the chain. Thunderbolt is interoperable with DP-1.1a compatible devices. When connected to a DP-compatible device, the Thunderbolt port can provide a native DisplayPort signal with four lanes

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Copper versions of Thunderbolt 4 cables offer full 40 Gbit/s speed and support backward compatibility with all versions of USB (up to USB4), DisplayPort Alternate Mode (DP 1.4 HBR3), and Thunderbolt 3. Released in early 2021, they were also to be available in three specified lengths: 0.2 m

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at 60 Hz losslessly due to new UHBR 10, 13.5, and 20 signaling standards (DSC 1.2 used in DisplayPort 1.4 for that resolution is not lossless) in 8 bit and 8K 60 Hz with 10 bit color and use up to 80 Gbit/s (effective bandwidth 77.37 Gbit/s), which is double the amount available

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Some systems load Option ROMs during firmware updates, allowing the malware in a Thunderbolt device's Option ROM to potentially overwrite the SPI flash ROM containing the system's boot firmware. In February 2015, Apple issued a Security Update to Mac OS X to eliminate the vulnerability of loading

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Gbit/s; video data will be using all needed speed, limiting PCIe data. DP 1.2 support is mandatory, while DP 1.4 is optional. Other overheads are possible on PCIe data (1.5% of 128b/130b is also removed) and Thunderbolt 3 protocol (you either optimise for speed or for latency), the last one gives

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released the first range of optical Thunderbolt cables available in the Western marketplace, along with optical USB 3.0 cables, both under the brand name "Optical Cables". Half the diameter and a fifth the mass of comparable copper Thunderbolt cables, they work with the 10 Gbit/s Thunderbolt

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would run "tens of meters" but would not supply power, at least not initially. The version from Corning contains four 80/125 μm VSDN (Very Short Distance Network) fibers to transport an infrared signal up to 190 m (600 ft). The conversion of electrical signal to optical is embedded

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card, with two optical buses powering four ports. Jason Ziller, head of Intel's Optical I/O Program Office showed the internal components of the technology under a microscope and the sending of data through an oscilloscope. The technology was described as having an initial speed of 10 Gbit/s

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USB4 makes the PCIe aspects of Thunderbolt "open source" – PCIe USB devices can be released without Thunderbolt certification. But notably, those devices will not be allowed to use Thunderbolt branding. However, Thunderbolt 4 devices use PCIe Mode with added certification labeling, and promoting

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announced that the next version of Thunderbolt, based on the controller code-named "Falcon Ridge" (running at 20 Gbit/s), is officially named "Thunderbolt 2" and entered production in 2013. The data-rate of 20 Gbit/s is made possible by joining the two existing 10 Gbit/s-channels,

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The late 2013 Retina MacBook Pro was the first product to have Thunderbolt 2 ports, following which manufacturers started to update their model offerings to those featuring the newer, faster, 20 Gbit/s connection throughout 2014. Again, among the first was Promise Technology, who released

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On 8 January 2018, Intel announced a product refresh (codenamed Titan Ridge) with "enhanced robustness" and support for DisplayPort 1.4. Intel offers a single port (JHL7340) and double port (JHL7540) version of this host controller and a peripheral controller supporting two Thunderbolt 3 ports

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At the physical level, the bandwidth of Thunderbolt 1 and Thunderbolt 2 are identical, and Thunderbolt 1 cabling is thus compatible with Thunderbolt 2 interfaces. At the logical level, Thunderbolt 2 enables channel aggregation, whereby the two previously separate 10 Gbit/s channels can be

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of output data at no more than 5.4 Gbit/s per Thunderbolt lane. When connected to a Thunderbolt device, the per-lane data rate becomes 10 Gbit/s and the four Thunderbolt lanes are configured as two duplex lanes, each 10 Gbit/s comprising one lane of input and one lane of output.

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virtualization, if present, and configured by the BIOS and the operating system, can close a computer's vulnerability to DMA attacks, but only if the IOMMU can block the DMA access of malicious device. As of 2019, the major OS vendors had not taken into account the variety of ways in which a

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Asus currently supports Thunderbolt 3 on AMD with the add-in card Thunderboltex 3-TR, being compatible with AMD motherboards and Ryzen 3, 5 (56xx): ROG Strix B550-E Gaming, ROG Strix B550-F Gaming, Prime B550-PLUS, TUF Gaming B550-Plus. The ASUS ProArt B550-Creator has 2 Thunderbolt 4 ports.

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A single Thunderbolt 3 or later port provides data transfer, support for two 4K 60 Hz displays, and quick notebook charging up to 100W with a single cable. Any Thunderbolt or USB dock can connect to a Thunderbolt 3 computer. USB devices can be connected to a Thunderbolt 3 or later port.

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lengths: 0.2 m (0.66 ft), 0.8 m (2.6 ft), and 2 m (6.6 ft) – with many companies initially offering 0.8 m (2.6 ft) lengths. Copper Thunderbolt 4 cables up to 1 m (3.3 ft) are passive cables, while longer cables must integrate active signal

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that initial Thunderbolt implementations would be based on copper wires. "The copper came out very good, surprisingly better than what we thought," he said. A major advantage of copper is the ability to carry power. The final Thunderbolt standard specifies 10 W DC on every port.

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for maximum performance for cable lengths over 0.5 meters (1.5 feet). Compared to Thunderbolt 2, it doubles the bandwidth to 40 Gbit/s (5 GB/s). It allows up to 4 lanes of PCI Express 3.0 (32.4 Gbit/s) for general-purpose data transfer, and 4 lanes of DisplayPort 1.4 HBR3

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one or more individual data lanes from connected PCIe and DisplayPort devices for transmission via two duplex Thunderbolt lanes, then de-multiplex them for use by PCIe and DisplayPort devices on the other end. A single Thunderbolt port supports up to six Thunderbolt devices via hubs or

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Although Thunderbolt initially had poor hardware support outside of Apple devices, and had been relegated to a niche gadget port, adoption of Thunderbolt 3, which uses the USB-C connector standard, meant wider market acceptance, especially as it later became part of the USB4 standard.

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Thunderbolt 4 was announced at CES 2020 and the final specification was released in July 2020. The key differences between Thunderbolt 4 and Thunderbolt 3 are a minimum bandwidth requirement of 32 Gbit/s for PCIe link, support for dual 4K displays (DisplayPort 1.4), and

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In 2009, Intel officials said the company was "working on bundling the optical fiber with copper wire so Light Peak can be used to power devices plugged into the PC." In 2010, Intel said the original intent was "to have one single connector technology" that would let "electrical

1914:(who manufacture much of the world's supply of hard-drives) resulting in a cut to worldwide hard-drive production and a subsequent driving-up of storage costs, hence the retail price of these Promise units increased in response, contributing to a slower take-up of the devices. 1153:

line of notebook computers that had a "Power Media Dock" that uses optical Thunderbolt (Light Peak) to connect to an external graphics card using a combination port that behaves like USB electrically, but that also includes the optical interconnect required for Thunderbolt.

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from attached devices. A malicious Option ROM can allow malware to execute before an operating system is started. It can then invade the kernel, log keystrokes, or steal encryption keys. The ease of connecting Thunderbolt devices to portable computers makes them ideal for

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implementation runs on the underlying Thunderbolt low-latency packet-switching fabric, and the PCI Express protocol is not present on the cable. That means that if IPoTB networking is used between a group of computers, there is no threat of such DMA attack between them.

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compatible with Thunderbolt 3, and is backwards compatible with USB 3.2 and USB 2.0. The architecture defines a method to share a single high-speed link with multiple end device types dynamically that best serves the transfer of data by type and application.

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In Thunderbolt 3’s introduction, Intel announced passive USB-C cables would connect Thunderbolt devices at speeds greater than USB 3.1 (though less than active Thunderbolt cables), thereby eliminating the adoption barrier of Thunderbolt active cable costs.

1332:, allowing the ports to source or sink up to 100 watts of power. This eliminates the need for a separate power supply from some devices. Thunderbolt 3 allows backwards compatibility with the first two versions by the use of adapters or transitional cables. 946:

in January 2013. It is available in lengths of 10 m (30 ft), 20 m (70 ft), and 30 m (100 ft). However, those cables are retailed almost exclusively in Japan, and the price is 20 to 30 times that of copper Thunderbolt cables.

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at 60 Hz (or a single external 4K display at 120 Hz, or a 5K display at 60 Hz when using Apple's implementation for the late-2016 MacBook Pros) instead of just the single display previous controllers can drive. The new controller supports

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Optical Thunderbolt 4 cables were targeting lengths from ~5 m (16 ft) to 50 m (160 ft), although this may not happen, instead jumping to Thunderbolt 5 optical cables, sometime after the arrival of that standard in late 2024.

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40 Gbit/s speed, USB4 compliant (peripheral only), with 4x Thunderbolt 4 ports for branching hub topology. Tunnelling of DP1.4, USB 3 (10 Gbit/s), PCIe (32 Gbit/s). Has PCIe 3.0 x1 and USB 3 (10 Gbit/s) native interfaces.

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standard to OEMs and chip manufacturers in 2018, as part of an effort to boost the adoption of the protocol. The Thunderbolt 3 specification was later released to the USB-IF on 4 March 2019, making it royalty-free, to be used to form

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in the second quarter of 2011, while manufacturers of hardware-development equipment have indicated they will add support for the testing and development of Thunderbolt devices. The developer kit is being provided only on request.

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German company DeLock also released optical Thunderbolt cables in lengths of 10 m (30 ft), 20 m (70 ft), and 30 m (100 ft) in 2013, priced similarly to the Sumitomo ones, and retailed only in Germany.

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support, which allows for video streaming to a single 4K video monitor or dual QHD monitors. Thunderbolt 2 is backwards compatible, which means that all Thunderbolt cables and connectors are compatible with Thunderbolt 1.

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This is the pinout for both sides of the connector, source side and sink side. The cable is actually a crossover cable. It swaps all receive and transmit lanes; e.g. HS1TX(P) of the source is connected to HS1RX(P) of the

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The Thunderbolt port on the new Macs is in the same location relative to other ports and maintains the same physical dimensions and pinout as the prior MDP connector. The main visible difference on Thunderbolt-equipped

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The maximum bandwidth remains at 40 Gbit/s, the same as Thunderbolt 3 and four times as fast as USB 3.2 Gen 2x1. Supporting products began arriving in late 2020 and included Tiger Lake mobile processors for

1656:. Those hubs are backwards compatible with Thunderbolt 3 devices and can be backwards compatible with Thunderbolt 3 hosts (Titan Ridge only; with Alpine Ridge the additional downstream ports get downgraded to USB 3). 1917:

It also took some time for other storage manufacturers to release products: most were smaller devices aimed at the professional market, and focused on speed rather than high capacity. Many storage devices were under

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cabling developed by Intel partners and at Intel's Silicon Photonics lab. It was initially marketed under the name Light Peak, and after 2011 as Silicon Photonics Link. However, it was discovered that conventional

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In January 2020 Intel certified ASRock X570 Phantom Gaming ITX/TB3 and now vendors are freely allowed to produce Thunderbolt controller silicon (even though those ASRock motherboards used Intel Titan Ridge).

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Backwards compatibility with non-Thunderbolt-equipped computers was a problem, as most storage devices featured only two Thunderbolt ports, for daisy-chaining up to six devices from each one. In mid-2012,

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speed and backward compatibility with all versions of USB (up to USB4), DisplayPort Alternate Mode (DP 1.4 HBR3), and Thunderbolt 3. Released in early 2021, they are also all to be available in three

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Copper Thunderbolt 4 cables up to 1.0 m (3.3 ft) are passive cables, while longer cables must integrate active signal conditioning circuitry. 2 m (6.6 ft) maximum is the length of

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resolutions at 60 Hz). Thunderbolt 3 has up to 15 watts of power delivery on copper cables and no power delivery capability on optical cables. Using USB-C on copper cables, it can incorporate

966:'s Thunderbolt 3 (USB-C) to Thunderbolt 2 adapters on each end of the cable. This achieves connections up to the 60 m (200 ft) maximum offered by previous versions of the standard. 7084: 6389: 5975: 1672:

to USB data, because (just as previously in DisplayPort 1.4) it sends almost all the data in one direction (to the monitor) and can thus use all four data lanes at once. Resolutions up to

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Apple states that up to six daisy-chained peripherals are supported per Thunderbolt port, and that the display should come at the end of the chain, if it does not support daisy chaining.

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Thunderbolt 4 supports Thunderbolt 3 devices, but not earlier versions. Thunderbolt 1 and 2 devices can be used with most, but not all, Thunderbolt 3 PCs with the use of an adapter.

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Other companies have offered interface products that can route multiple older, usually slower, connections through a single Thunderbolt port. In July 2011, Apple released its

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The first Thunderbolt peripheral devices appeared in retail stores only in late 2011, following Apple's release of its first Thunderbolt-equipped computer in early 2011 with

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only 21.6 Gbit/s to 25 Gbit/s. Thunderbolt 3 uses 64b/66b encoding after that, which means the real rate is bigger than 40 Gbit/s, 2 times 20.625 Gbit/s.

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over plastic optical cables, and promising a final speed of 100 Gbit/s. At the show, Intel said Light Peak-equipped systems would begin to appear in 2010, and posted a

1258:'s Z87-Deluxe/Quad motherboard, announced on 19 August 2013, and the first system released with Thunderbolt 2 was Apple's late 2013 Retina MacBook Pro, on 22 October 2013. 988:

available from most brands, including CalDigit, Cable Matters, et al., while Apple are currently the only company that offers a 3 m (9.8 ft) active copper cable.

9744: 6595: 1782:. Intel says it will retain control over certification of all Thunderbolt 3 devices. Intel also states it employs "mandatory certification for all Thunderbolt products". 3486: 5850: 819:. Certain MacBook Air, MacBook Pro, Mac mini and iMac models downgrade Thunderbolt 4 protocol to Thunderbolt 3 due to not supporting dual 4K displays over Thunderbolt. 7560: 6305: 1789:

chipsets or computers with Thunderbolt support released or announced due to the certification requirements (Intel did not certify non-Intel platforms). However, the

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into the cable itself, so the current MDP connector is forward compatible. Eventually, Intel hopes for a purely optical transceiver assembly embedded in the PC.

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Two times the total bandwidth of Thunderbolt 4 to 80 Gbit/s, while providing up to three times the bandwidth to 120 Gbit/s for video-intensive uses

7059: 6703: 6159: 7634: 5210: 3738: 4395: 811:, but later transferred the mark to Intel, which held overriding intellectual-property rights. Thunderbolt was commercially introduced on Apple's 2011 4315: 5177: 4435: 2051:

unit, offering up to 32 TBs of storage. Later, other brands similarly introduced high capacity models with the newer connection type, including

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Before 2020, there were no optical Thunderbolt 3 cables on the market. However, optical Thunderbolt 1 and 2 cables could be used at the time with

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Some functionality may be available if a Thunderbolt device is connected to a USB-C port; this is implementation-dependent, and not guaranteed.

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and professional market, initially offering up to 12 TB of storage, later increased to 18 TB. Sales of these units were hurt by the

9446: 6210: 981:(0.66 ft), 0.8 m (2.6 ft), and 2 m (6.6 ft) – with many companies initially offering 0.8 m (2.6 ft) ones. 7372: 6804: 1295:(32.40 Gbit/s before 8/10 encoding removal, and 25.92 Gbit/s after) for video, but the maximum combined data rate cannot exceed 40 7539: 7105: 6145: 5287: 4510: 1679:

November 17, 2020, Apple introduced the M1 Mac Mini with 2 Thunderbolt 4 ports. (The M2 update in 2023 included 4 ports) In October 2021,

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Interfaces are listed by their speed in the (roughly) ascending order, so the interface at the end of each section should be the fastest.

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Intel provides two types of Thunderbolt controllers, a two-port and a one-port type. Both peripherals and computers require a controller.

5400: 4129: 3588: 9875: 8293: 7959: 7923: 7813: 4452: 3401: 6678: 8896: 8821: 8001: 7589: 7564: 7085:"Thunderclap: Exploring Vulnerabilities in Operating System IOMMU Protection via DMA from Untrustworthy Peripherals – NDSS Symposium" 6516: 6490: 3810: 3655: 7521: 6542: 3970: 8450: 7450: 7432: 6238: 5229: 4294: 1855: 7486: 6621: 6253: 4934: 3682: 9779: 9754: 9609: 8313: 7468: 7414: 7126: 6779: 6284: 2271: 910:

technology, Intel switched to electrical connections to reduce costs and to supply up to 10 watts of power to connected devices.

7673: 2319:(which specifies the enforcement of signatures or hash allowlists of Option ROMs) are designed to mitigate this kind of attack. 9543: 8120: 8046: 7351: 5924: 3512: 7329: 7182: 2980:

port compatibility, backwards compatibility when a Thunderbolt 3 docking station is connected to a non-Thunderbolt 3 computer

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This follows previous practice, where higher-end devices such as the second-generation Mac Pro, iMac, Retina MacBook Pro, and

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notebooks and 8000-series standalone Thunderbolt controllers (codenamed Goshen Ridge for devices and Maple Ridge for hosts).

6126: 8501: 8172: 7568: 6312: 1653: 750: 173: 6390:"VESA Releases Updated DisplayPort Alt Mode Spec to Bring DisplayPort 2.0 Performance to USB4 and New USB Type-C® Devices" 5976:"VESA Releases Updated DisplayPort Alt Mode Spec to Bring DisplayPort 2.0 Performance to USB4 and New USB Type-C® Devices" 2121:, large computer component manufacturers, entered the market for the first time with Thunderbolt 3 compatible components. 9855: 8983: 8920: 7717:"New Intel Thunderbolt 3 controllers offer DisplayPort 1.4, and basic peripheral compatibility with USB-C computer ports" 6909: 5851:"New Intel Thunderbolt 3 controllers offer DisplayPort 1.4, and basic peripheral compatibility with USB-C computer ports" 5304: 8207: 6829: 3842: 2312:

Option ROMs during firmware updates, although the system is still vulnerable to Option ROM attacks during normal boots.

1025:(USB-IF) announced they would not allow such a combination port, and that USB was not open to modification in that way. 9625: 8554: 8393: 8323: 8031: 7989: 1028:

Other implementations of the technology began in 2012, with desktop boards offering the interconnection now available.

4211: 8383: 2365: 2004:, and have continued to immediately update their devices with newer generations of Thunderbolt as soon as available. 1877: 3246: 1816:

also has pair of certified motherboards, B550 VISION D-P and B550 VISION D, with an Intel Thunderbolt 3 controller.

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The interface was originally intended to run exclusively on an optical physical layer using components and flexible

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use two-port controllers; while lower-end, lower-power devices such as the MacBook Air use the one-port version.

630: 7785: 5153:"Video Creation Bolts Ahead – Intel's Thunderbolt 2 Doubles Bandwidth, Enabling 4K Video Transfer & Display" 4947:"Video Creation Bolts Ahead – Intel's Thunderbolt 2 Doubles Bandwidth, Enabling 4K Video Transfer & Display" 9784: 9305: 8273: 8016: 7806: 4812:"Apple Announces New iMac With Next Generation Quad-Core Processors, Graphics & Thunderbolt I/O Technology" 1859: 1363:

Devices with Thunderbolt 3 ports began shipping at the beginning of December 2015, including notebooks running

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The Apple Pro Display XDR, which macOS allows to connect using two HBR3 connections to a Mac, doesn't support

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Intel announced that computers and accessories compatible with Thunderbolt 5 will come out starting in 2024.

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In mid-2016, copper Thunderbolt 3 cables became available at lengths up to 2 m (6.6 ft). However,

9355: 8423: 8051: 7918: 7222: 4180: 943: 822: 773: 1529:(JHL7440). The new peripheral controller can now act as a USB sink (compatible with regular USB-C ports). 9774: 9436: 9182: 8749: 8688: 8543: 8006: 7737: 7652:"New Thunderbolt Controllers (DSL4510/4410) and Future 20 Gbps Falcon Ridge TB Controller Announced" 5321: 4157: 3891: 3241: 1691: 1684: 1593: 1586: 1357: 7857: 5376:"Next-gen Thunderbolt details: 40Gbps, PCIe 3.0, HDMI 2.0, and 100W power delivery for single-cable PCs" 3971:"Intel's Light Peak optical interconnect shrinks slightly, LaCie, WD, Compal and Avid begin prototyping" 3783: 2327:

In May 2020, seven major security flaws were discovered in the Thunderbolt protocol, collectively named

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Double Port (DP) uses a PCIe 3.0 ×4 link to provide two Thunderbolt 3 ports (DSL6540, JHL6540, JHL7540)

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started selling up to 30 m (100 ft) optical Thunderbolt cables in Japan in January 2013, and

9365: 8718: 6266: 3311:"Apple Updates MacBook Pro with Next Generation Processors, Graphics & Thunderbolt I/O Technology" 1964:

capacity had appeared. Exceptions included Sonnet Technologies' highly priced professional units, and

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Single Port (SP) uses a PCIe 3.0 ×4 link to provide one Thunderbolt 3 port (DSL6340, JHL6340, JHL7340)

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Apple started to include Thunderbolt 4 on some of their devices, starting in 2021 with MacBook Pro.

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in size, with some featuring SSDs for faster external-data access rather than standard hard-drives.

9870: 9574: 9330: 9223: 9073: 8026: 6570: 5876: 2118: 1396: 1138: 9860: 9845: 9325: 9192: 9135: 9044: 8942: 8856: 8831: 8378: 8056: 7984: 7237: 7159: 6655: 3226: 2270:. Such attacks have been demonstrated, modifying inexpensive commodity Thunderbolt hardware. The 1848: 1667:

USB4 supports DisplayPort 2.0 over its alternative mode. DisplayPort 2.0 can support higher than

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A multiple hard disk storage device that attaches to a computer through a Thunderbolt connection

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Wendell Wilson from Level1Techs was able to get Thunderbolt 3 support on an AMD computer with a

9764: 8413: 8087: 8011: 7877: 6596:"The new USB4 spec promises a lot: Thunderbolt 3 support, 40Gbps bandwidth, and less confusion" 4935:

https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2011/02/thunderbolt-smokes-usb-firewire-with-10gbps-throughput/

4097: 1786: 1714: 1555: 1022: 9683: 6853: 1468:, which featured four Thunderbolt 3 ports and was released in December 2017. In October 2018, 1329: 934:

Intel and industry partners are still developing optical Thunderbolt hardware and cables. The

9850: 9496:(bankrupt, assets sold to Toshiba, which later spun off its SSD and flash business to Kioxia) 9197: 9140: 8677: 8630: 8486: 8258: 8106: 8061: 7913: 7842: 3811:"Video: Intel's Light Peak running an HD display while transferring files... on a hackintosh" 3256: 3231: 2349: 1942: 1713:

On September 12, 2023 Intel previewed Thunderbolt 5 (codenamed Barlow Ridge), aligned to the

889: 850: 20: 7694: 1980:, Drobo, and other device makers started to swap out one of the two Thunderbolt ports for a 1933:

and other older connector types made it the first hub of its type. Later, companies such as

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In September 2010, some early commercial prototypes from manufacturers were demonstrated at

676:

via a single cable. Up to six peripherals may be supported by one connector through various

9660: 8880: 8673: 8526: 8408: 6780:"Intel Finally Certified an AMD Thunderbolt Motherboard: Here's Why That Matters (Updated)" 2259: 2070:

models, offering up to 48 TB). LaCie also offering updated designed versions of their

2052: 1911: 1638: 1608: 1522: 878:

video showing Light Peak-connected HD cameras, laptops, docking stations, and HD monitors.

866: 681: 669: 5251: 4910: 4834:"iMac (Mid 2011): Target Display Mode does not accept video over a Mini DisplayPort cable" 1000:

Details on compatibilty are available from the Thunderbolt Technology Community Web site.

8: 9512: 9406: 9385: 9370: 8585: 8140: 6728: 2386:

In January 2013, Apple reduced the price of their 2 m (6.6 ft) length cable to

2114: 1813: 1746: 1408: 935: 830: 380: 370: 360: 344: 9360: 4341: 2278:

This vulnerability is not present when Thunderbolt is used as a system interconnection (

1984:

connection on some of their low-to-mid end products. Later models had the USB 3.0 added

1907: 9559: 9517: 9345: 9054: 8935: 8129: 7994: 6977:"New Alienware laptops pack Thunderbolt 3 and prettier screens, but oddly lack Skylake" 5194: 4811: 4002: 3487:"Thunderbolt 3: How USB cooperation could lead to 100 million connected computers soon" 3271: 2842: 2449: 2433: 2426: 2419: 2404: 2360: 1562: 1461: 1454: 1447: 1211: 1150: 1086: 1079: 862: 7130: 4860: 4034: 3784:"Optical Cables by Corning launched as the first Thunderbolt all-optical fiber cables" 3377: 2357:

In June 2011, Apple introduced the first Thunderbolt cable, a 2 m (6.6 ft),

2109:

Thunderbolt 3 was introduced in late 2015, with several motherboard manufacturers and

1266: 716: 9507: 9401: 9310: 9286: 8957: 8575: 8197: 8133: 7969: 7928: 4478: 4370:"Corning's Optical Thunderbolt 3 Cables Now Available in Lengths From 5 to 50 Meters" 4268: 4067: 3948: 3261: 2287: 1499:

with features one Thunderbolt 3 port, both released in December 2019. In April 2021,

1364: 7610: 5178:"ASUS Introduces Z87-Deluxe/Quad: World's First Thunderbolt 2 Certified Motherboard" 3914: 3764: 2412:

cables, or short (initially 0.5 m (1.6 ft), later 0.8 m (3 ft))

1648:

Another major improvement is that Thunderbolt 4 supports Thunderbolt Alternate Mode

348: 9375: 9350: 9320: 9175: 8952: 8910: 8308: 7979: 7872: 7631:"Intel finally shipping 2nd gen Thunderbolt controllers, just in time for new Macs" 7252:"About the security content of OS X Yosemite v10.10.2 and Security Update 2015-001" 6001: 3215: 2376: 2305: 2251: 1930: 1345:

Low Power (LP) uses a PCIe 3.0 ×2 link to provide one Thunderbolt 3 port (JHL6240).

1032: 816: 754: 724: 685: 677: 248: 5500:"MacBook Pro (13-inch, 2016, Four Thunderbolt 3 ports) – Technical Specifications" 4786: 9759: 9461: 9426: 9066: 9029: 8873: 8438: 8288: 8268: 8143: 8036: 5475:"MacBook Pro (13-inch, 2016, Two Thunderbolt 3 ports) – Technical Specifications" 4488: 4042: 3460: 3206: 1496: 736: 9701: 9589: 8739: 8433: 8358: 8283: 8187: 8162: 7678: 5749: 3895: 3107:

80 Gbit/s speed (also 120 ⇄ 40 Gbit/s: asymmetric), USB4 v2 compliant, 3x

2283: 2132: 2074:

mainstream consumer models, up to 12 TB, using new 6 TB hard-drives.

1824: 1673: 1170:

which does not change the maximum bandwidth, but makes using it more flexible.

673: 7153: 6910:"What Exactly Is Thunderbolt and How Is It Different From USB-C? • macReports" 6679:"Complex Threadripper hack gets Intel's Thunderbolt 3 working on AMD hardware" 6647: 5824: 5347:"Leaked Info on Third-Generation Thunderbolt Points to 40Gbps Transfer Speeds" 4240: 3873: 3852: 2416:

cables. Passive copper cables exceeding 0.8 m (3 ft) are limited to

1676:(15360×8640) 60 Hz display with 10 bit Y'CbCr 4:4:4 or RGB are possible. 9834: 9794: 9631: 9380: 9145: 9112: 9097: 9049: 9014: 8998: 8978: 8962: 8947: 8930: 8865: 8811: 8698: 8590: 8538: 8521: 8303: 8202: 8192: 8167: 8128: 7882: 7373:"Apple slashes price on Thunderbolt cable, releases additional shorter model" 4316:"PSA: For Thunderbolt 3 over distance; use *OPTICAL Thunderbolt 1/2 cables!*" 4269:"Sumitomo Electric Starts Selling Optical Thunderbolt Cable at Amazon Online" 4134: 3765:"Sumitomo Electric Starts Selling Optical Thunderbolt Cable at Amazon Online" 3153: 3138: 3108: 3093: 2940: 2781: 1668: 1572: 1321: 1312: 1287: 1247: 1240: 923: 784: 765: 354: 136: 7271:"Thunderspy: When Lightning Strikes Thrice: Breaking Thunderbolt 3 Security" 9799: 9649: 9315: 8915: 8548: 8491: 8343: 8248: 7887: 7753: 7398: 7356: 7251: 6883: 5405: 4833: 4396:"Optical Thunderbolt 3 Cables Begin Rolling Out in Lengths Up to 50 Meters" 4216: 3899: 3787: 3742: 3627: 3593: 2369: 2064: 1950: 1794: 1774: 1411:), and a 0.5 m Thunderbolt 3 passive USB-C cable (from Lintes Technology). 985: 955: 826: 792:

wiring could furnish the desired 10 Gbit/s per channel at lower cost.

745: 163: 7394:"Thunderbolt 3 embraces USB Type-C connector, doubles bandwidth to 40Gbps" 5270:"Thunderbolt 3 embraces USB Type-C connector, doubles bandwidth to 40Gbps" 2047:

versions of their R4 and R6 models along with an even larger R8 (8-drive)

2000:

Apple released its first Thunderbolt-equipped computer in early 2011 with

9698: 9643: 9637: 9170: 9155: 8816: 8795: 8713: 8558: 8496: 8471: 8398: 8182: 8177: 7892: 4342:"Optical thunderbolt 3 cables from Corning. Up to 60m. #NAB2019 #NABShow" 3565:"USB 3.1 and Type-C: The only stuff at CES that everyone is going to use" 3251: 3211: 2243: 2235: 2001: 1891: 1755:

Works with existing passive cables up to 1 m (3.3 ft) via PAM-3

1731: 1694: 1687: 1590: 1583: 1473: 1433: 1426: 1419: 1226: 1219: 1193: 1186: 1105: 1098: 1064: 1057: 1050: 969:

In April 2019, Corning showed an optical Thunderbolt 3 cable at the 2019

870: 777: 769: 768:, which have access to DisplayPort data and PCIe connectivity, or on the 665: 661: 204: 107: 9538:'s NAND flash SSD business including controllers and renamed it Solidigm 8635: 4511:"Apple to Introduce Light Peak (High Speed Connection Technology) Soon?" 4428: 1969: 795:

This copper-based version of the Light Peak concept was co-developed by

708: 9654: 9584: 9300: 9034: 8669: 8368: 8157: 7974: 7933: 7847: 7761: 7297:"Thunderspy 2: Kernel DMA Protection for Unpatched Thunderbolt Systems" 7255: 6935:"Gigabyte Unveils the Z170X-UD5 TH Thunderbolt 3 Certified Motherboard" 6191: 5899:"Thunderbolt 3 becomes USB4, as Intel's interconnect goes royalty-free" 4837: 4560: 4107: 4012: 3436: 3314: 2328: 2300: 2263: 1862: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1702: 1698: 1680: 1642: 1634: 1579: 1518: 1500: 1484: 1469: 1440: 1415: 1400: 1215: 1200: 1182: 1174: 1157:

Thunderbolt 1 ran at 10 Gbit/s, making it faster than USB at the time.

1090: 1072: 1046: 1036: 963: 865:

and storage devices over a single 30-meter optical cable with modified

796: 646: 634: 54: 7155:

Black Hat USA 2013 – Funderbolt: Adventures in Thunderbolt DMA Attacks

6622:"Introducing Thunderbolt 4: Universal Cable Connectivity for Everyone" 3739:"Thunderbolt trademark rights will be transferred from Apple to Intel" 3187:

All speeds up to HBR3 plus UHBR10 and UHBR20. No support for UHBR13.5.

2322: 1758:

Compatible with previous versions of Thunderbolt, USB, and DisplayPort

1724:

Supporting the latest version of USB4 2.0 80 Gbit/s specification

9522: 9471: 9255: 9090: 8925: 8693: 8683: 8650: 8645: 8580: 8455: 8243: 8228: 8223: 8041: 8021: 7897: 7867: 7656: 7614: 6517:"Intel has a grand plan to bring Thunderbolt 3 ports to every laptop" 6440: 5350: 5230:"One port to rule them all: Thunderbolt 3 and USB Type-C join forces" 5135: 5011:"MacBook Pro (Retina, 15-inch, Late 2013) – Technical Specifications" 4986:"MacBook Pro (Retina, 13-inch, Late 2013) – Technical Specifications" 4515: 4483: 4399: 4373: 4319: 3220: 2332: 2247: 1661: 1388: 1368: 1274: 1127: 1115:

featuring one Thunderbolt port for daisy-chaining, or other devices.

1039:

system, which used the display connector to support a low-speed bus.

974: 808: 700: 101: 7777: 7106:"Thunderbolt 3 vs. Thunderbolt 4 Technology: What's the Difference?" 6365:"DisplayPort Alt Mode 2.0 Spec Released: Defining Alt Mode for USB4" 6254:

Introducing Thunderbolt 4: Universal Cable Connectivity for Everyone

6174:"DisplayPort Alt Mode 2.0 Spec Released: Defining Alt Mode for USB4" 5925:"USB4 marries Thunderbolt 3 for faster speeds and smarter transfers" 4564: 3623:"Intel details Thunderbolt, says Apple has a full year's head start" 2430:) backward compatibility, while active cables support only USB 2.0 ( 1837: 1282:

Thunderbolt 3 is a hardware interface developed by Intel. It shares

9529: 9499: 9411: 9340: 9186: 9117: 9078: 8703: 8640: 8373: 8233: 7837: 7791: 6240:

Introducing Thunderbolt 4 universal cable connectivity for everyone

4865: 4539:"ASUS and MSI launch Thunderbolt motherboards, tie for first place" 4185: 3975: 3918: 3815: 3236: 3157: 3142: 3112: 3097: 2834: 2830: 2128: 2127:

was the first to include Thunderbolt 3 ports in laptops with their

1961: 1919: 1790: 1597: 1511: 1504: 1480: 1465: 1350: 1311:) halves power consumption, and simultaneously drives two external 1204: 1094: 970: 882: 654: 638: 207:

protocol or USB-based external audio cards. Supports audio through

7586:"Thunderbolt roadmap unveiled, new features coming to Apple et al" 2113:

laptop manufacturers including Thunderbolt 3 with their products.

1988:

to the two Thunderbolt ports, including those from LaCie on their

1773:

On 24 May 2017, Intel announced that Thunderbolt 3 would become a

1360:

architecture chipsets, shipping during late 2015 into early 2016.

9569: 9466: 9160: 9102: 8993: 8836: 8790: 8774: 8600: 8418: 8363: 8298: 8253: 7674:"IDF 2013: Products With 20Gbps Thunderbolt 2 Appear At IDF 2013" 7504:"Alpine Ridge 頻寬可達 40Gb/s，新一代 Thunderbolt 晶片將具更多功能 – VR-Zone 中文版" 7377: 7296: 7218: 6956:"MSI embraces Skylake and Thunderbolt 3.0 for new gaming laptops" 6211:"Intel confirms Thunderbolt 4 on way with four-times USB 3 speed" 5800:"iPad Pro, 12.9-inch (5th generation) – Technical Specifications" 5061:"iMac (Retina 5K, 27-inch, Late 2014) – Technical Specifications" 4346: 3276: 2838: 2279: 2267: 2239: 1981: 1960:

As of late 2012, few other storage devices offering double-digit

1649: 1492: 1488: 1380: 1178: 915: 875: 854: 753:; as many of these as the host has DP sources may be Thunderbolt 364: 317: 5650:"MacBook Air (Retina, 13-inch, 2018) – Technical Specifications" 2234:

Thunderbolt 3 – like many high-speed expansion buses, including

1425:

which, as the name indicates, features two Thunderbolt 3 ports,

9579: 9488: 9430: 9061: 9039: 8988: 8769: 8660: 8625: 8620: 8615: 8610: 8428: 8318: 8278: 8238: 7469:"Next-Gen Intel "Alpine Ridge" Thunderbolt Controller Detailed" 5775:"iPad Pro, 11-inch (3rd generation) – Technical Specifications" 5401:"Next-gen Thunderbolt doubles speeds but changes the connector" 5252:"Thunderbolt 3 is twice as fast and uses reversible USB Type-C" 4422:"Thunderbolt 4 / USB 4 Cable (2m) Active 40Gb/s, 100W, 20V, 5A" 4007: 3589:"Thunderbolt smokes USB, FireWire with 10 Gb/s throughput" 1954: 1946: 1934: 1392: 907: 789: 285: 129: 8754: 8665: 5575:"iMac (Retina 4K, 21.5-inch, 2017) – Technical Specifications" 5111:"MacBook Air (13-inch, Early 2015) – Technical Specifications" 5086:"MacBook Air (11-inch, Early 2015) – Technical Specifications" 4637:"MacBook Pro (17-inch, Early 2011) – Technical Specifications" 4612:"MacBook Pro (15-inch, Early 2011) – Technical Specifications" 4587:"MacBook Pro (13-inch, Early 2011) – Technical Specifications" 1938: 1697:

which each featured three Thunderbolt 4 ports. In March 2022,

35: 9749: 9728: 9711: 9688: 9535: 9417: 9207: 9024: 8764: 8655: 8595: 8533: 8506: 8388: 8338: 8263: 7943: 7938: 7822: 7745: 7702: 7311:"Kernel DMA Protection (Windows 10) – Microsoft 365 Security" 6494: 4914: 4246: 4102: 3848: 3717: 3689: 3353: 3286: 2977: 2255: 2204:

List of Apple devices featuring Thunderbolt 4 ports include:

2161:

MacBook Pro (13-inch, Four Thunderbolt 3 ports, 2016 to 2020)

2145:

List of Apple devices featuring Thunderbolt 3 ports include:

2077:

List of Apple devices featuring Thunderbolt 2 ports include:

1977: 1968:'s 4- and 5-drive enclosures, the latter featuring their own 1965: 1376: 1283: 1166: 858: 846: 800: 689: 642: 254: 59: 6704:"Thunderbolt 3 AMD Threadripper 1950X + RTX 2080@32Gbps-TB3" 6052:"MacBook Pro (13-inch, M1, 2020) – Technical Specifications" 5600:"iMac (Retina 5K, 27-inch, 2017) – Technical Specifications" 4762:"MacBook Air (13-inch, Mid 2011) – Technical Specifications" 4737:"MacBook Air (11-inch, Mid 2011) – Technical Specifications" 4414: 4291:"Delock Cable Thunderbolt optical male/male 30 m black" 2437:). In April 2020, optical Thunderbolt 3 cables debuted (see 2299:

When a system with Thunderbolt boots, it loads and executes

2164:

MacBook Pro (13-inch, Two Thunderbolt 3 ports, 2016 to 2020)

1254:

The first Thunderbolt 2 product for the consumer market was

9789: 9481: 9476: 9335: 9202: 9165: 8759: 8744: 8605: 8516: 8511: 8353: 7964: 7041: 5429:"Day 1 of Thunderbolt peripheral training Q4 15 final v1.0" 4261: 4075: 3778: 3776: 3774: 3281: 3010: 2211:

MacBook Pro (16-inch, M1 Pro/Max, 2021 to M3 Pro/Max, 2023)

2208:

MacBook Pro (14-inch, M1 Pro/Max, 2021 to M3 Pro/Max, 2023)

2124: 2048: 2007:

List of Apple devices featuring Thunderbolt ports include:

1903: 1779: 1612: 1605: 1601: 1551: 1545: 1458: 1451: 1444: 1404: 1384: 1372: 1317: 1255: 1208: 1146: 1119: 1083: 1076: 1018: 942:

The first such optical Thunderbolt cable was introduced by

384: 374: 289: 273: 208: 7754:"Adapters for the Thunderbolt 3 or USB-C port on your Mac" 7060:"Thunderbolt flaw allows access to a PC's data in minutes" 4181:"IPtronics, Avago chip in to Intel's optical interconnect" 3802: 1335:

Intel offers three varieties for each of the controllers:

1243:

while simultaneously displaying it on a discrete monitor.

9723: 9718: 9693: 9666: 9493: 9244: 8708: 8333: 8328: 7270: 6648:"Where is Thunderbolt on Threadripper?! Here it is, but…" 4283: 4158:"IPtronics Develops Components for Light Peak Technology" 3980: 3820: 2110: 1742: 1439:, which features four Thunderbolt 3 ports. In June 2017, 1031:

Apple stated in February 2011 that the port was based on

7352:"Hands-on: Apple's Thunderbolt Gigabit Ethernet adapter" 6441:"MacBook Pro (16-inch, 2021) – Technical Specifications" 6416:"MacBook Pro (14-inch, 2021) – Technical Specifications" 5525:"MacBook Pro (15-inch, 2016) – Technical Specifications" 4557:"Thunderbolt: Next-Generation high-speed I/O technology" 4130:"Intel says Light Peak interconnect technology is ready" 3771: 2059:

models offering up to 24 TB) and LaCie (with their

1761:

Supported by Intel's enabling and certification programs

1561:

It supports 40 Gbit/s (5 GB/s) throughput, is

1004:

DisplayPort and Mini DisplayPort devices are supported.

4861:"Intel to Open up Thunderbolt Development This Quarter" 4662:"iMac (21.5-inch, Mid 2011) – Technical Specifications" 3884: 1236:

combined into a single logical 20 Gbit/s channel.

7330:"The technology inside Apple's $ 50 Thunderbolt cable" 6491:"Intel Introduces Thunderbolt 5 Connectivity Standard" 6233: 6231: 4787:"Apple Thunderbolt Display – Technical Specifications" 4242:

Light Peak to Connect Consumer Devices at Record Speed

3875:

Light Peak to Connect Consumer Devices at Record Speed

2294: 2084:

MacBook Pro (Retina, 13-inch, Late 2013 to Early 2015)

2011:

MacBook Pro (Retina, 13-inch, Late 2012 to Early 2013)

1464:

which feature two Thunderbolt 3 ports, as well as the

7321: 6102:"iMac (24-inch, M1, 2021) – Technical Specifications" 4687:"iMac (27-inch, Mid 2011) – Technical Specifications" 4388: 4362: 4212:"Intel: 'PC makers took the light out of Light Peak'" 3757: 2014:

MacBook Pro (Retina, 15-inch, Mid 2012 to Early 2013)

1558:, based on the Thunderbolt 3 protocol specification. 740:

Thunderbolt 2 port on MacBook Pro with Retina display

7364: 7343: 6878: 6876: 6874: 6872: 2423:. Despite that limit, passive cables provide USB 3 ( 2081:

MacBook Pro (Retina, 15-inch, Late 2013 to Mid 2015)

1652:("Multi-port Accessory Architecture"), and not just 1239:

Intel says Thunderbolt 2 will be able to transfer a

1199:

featuring two Thunderbolt 2 ports. In October 2014,

1181:

featuring six Thunderbolt 2 ports. In October 2013,

7561:"Intel cans 3.4W TDP Cactus Ridge Thunderbolt chip" 7385: 7219:"Thunderstrike: EFI firmware rootkits for MacBooks" 6394:

VESA – Interface Standards for The Display Industry

6228: 6027:"MacBook Air (M1, 2020) – Technical Specifications" 5980:

VESA - Interface Standards for The Display Industry

5550:"iMac (21.5-inch, 2017) – Technical Specifications" 4447: 4445: 4035:"Intel's Light Peak: One PC cable to rule them all" 4003:"Intel Thunderbolt Rollout Won't Be Lightning Fast" 2446:Copper versions of Thunderbolt 4 cables offer full 2375:

In June 2012, Apple began selling a Thunderbolt-to-

2323:

Vulnerability to data exposure attacks (Thunderspy)

2138:Apple first included Thunderbolt 3 on Mac in 2016. 9420:'s NAND flash SSD business and renamed it Solidigm 3427: 3425: 2315:Firmware-enforced boot security measures, such as 1483:featuring four Thunderbolt 3 ports. In June 2019, 1214:featuring two Thunderbolt 2 ports. In March 2015, 906:Though Thunderbolt was originally conceived as an 7034:Funderbolt: Adventures in Thunderbolt DMA Attacks 7002:"Thunderbolt: Introducing a new way to hack Macs" 6869: 6543:"USB Promoter Group Announces USB4 Specification" 5725:"Mac Pro (Rack, 2019) – Technical Specifications" 5036:"Mac mini (Late 2014) - Technical Specifications" 4911:"Registration required for developer information" 4068:"Sources: 'Light Peak' technology not Apple idea" 2102:iMac (Retina 5K, 27-inch, Late 2014 to Late 2015) 1517:featuring one Thunderbolt 3 port. In March 2022, 326:Thunderbolt 3 and 4: 40 Gbit/s bidirectional 9832: 6298: 6077:"Mac mini (M1, 2020) – Technical specifications" 5441: 5395: 5393: 5370: 5368: 5341: 5339: 4961:"Mac Pro (Late 2013) – Technical Specifications" 4890:"LeCroy lines up armada for Thunderbolt testing" 4712:"Mac mini (Mid 2011) – Technical Specifications" 4442: 3396: 3394: 3344: 3342: 3340: 3338: 3336: 1554:specification was released on 29 August 2019 by 1495:featuring up to twelve Thunderbolt 3 ports, and 8451:Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface (CAPI) 7611:"Intel to release new Thunderbolt chip in 2Q13" 6969: 6948: 6927: 6277: 6160:"USB4 is Coming! Here is What You Need to Know" 5288:"Intel® 7000 Series Thunderbolt™ 3 Controllers" 4479:"New high-speed connection tech due from Apple" 3844:Intel Light Peak Interconnect Technology Update 3582: 3580: 3578: 3422: 2229: 1320:3.0 and other protocols, including DisplayPort 1089:featuring two Thunderbolt ports. In July 2011, 1071:) featuring one Thunderbolt port. In May 2011, 921:In January 2011, Intel's David Perlmutter told 688:(MDP), whereas Thunderbolt 3, 4, and 5 use the 8895: 7210: 7053: 7051: 7026: 7024: 7022: 6830:"ProArt B550-CREATOR｜Motherboards｜ASUS Global" 6466:"Mac Studio (2022) – Technical Specifications" 6339:"Intel Teases Thunderbolt 4, Light on Details" 6202: 5951:"Thunderbolt 3 Merges With USB to Become USB4" 4061: 4059: 3556: 2017:MacBook Pro (17-inch, Early 2011 to Late 2011) 1906:enclosures by Promise Technology aimed at the 829:, began selling up to 60 m (200 ft) 815:, using the same Apple-developed connector as 581:HighSpeed transmit 1 (negative) 559:HighSpeed transmit 1 (positive) 449:HighSpeed transmit 0 (negative) 427:HighSpeed transmit 0 (positive) 9271: 8881: 8114: 7807: 7487:"Intel 6000 Series Thunderbolt 3 Controllers" 6995: 6993: 6805:"THUNDERBOLTEX 3-TR｜Motherboards｜ASUS Global" 5390: 5365: 5336: 4453:"Intel Thunderbolt 4 announcement press deck" 4334: 3711:"White Paper: The 50G Silicon Photonics Link" 3616: 3614: 3612: 3433:"Thunderbolt Device Driver Programming Guide" 3391: 3333: 2029:MacBook Air (11-inch, Mid 2011 to Early 2014) 2026:MacBook Air (13-inch, Mid 2011 to Early 2014) 2023:MacBook Pro (13-inch, Early 2011 to Mid 2012) 2020:MacBook Pro (15-inch, Early 2011 to Mid 2012) 592:HighSpeed receive 1 (negative) 570:HighSpeed receive 1 (positive) 460:HighSpeed receive 0 (negative) 438:HighSpeed receive 0 (positive) 7738:"Thunderbolt 3 – The USB-C That Does It All" 7235: 6777: 6483: 5750:"Pro Display XDR – Technical Specifications" 5675:"Mac mini (2018) – Technical Specifications" 5625:"iMac Pro (2017) – Technical Specifications" 5322:"Thunderbolt 3 – The USB-C That Does It All" 3575: 3183: 3181: 3179: 3177: 3152:80 Gbit/s speed, USB4 v2 compliant, 3x 3137:40 Gbit/s speed, USB4 v2 compliant, 3x 3092:40 Gbit/s speed, USB4 v2 compliant, 3x 1303:Intel's Thunderbolt 3 controller (codenamed 7786:Thunderbolt May Not Be As Fast As You Think 7349: 7183:"Hacking the Extensible Firmware Interface" 7048: 7019: 5825:"Studio Display – Technical Specifications" 5700:"Mac Pro (2019) – Technical Specifications" 4232: 4205: 4203: 4056: 3513:"Intel shows 'world's fastest thumb drive'" 2472: 2224: 2170:MacBook Air (Retina, 13-inch, 2018 to 2020) 2152:MacBook Pro (13-inch, M1, 2020 to M2, 2022) 1118:In May 2011, Apple announced a new line of 869:ends. The system was driven by a prototype 649:. It was initially marketed under the name 329:Thunderbolt 5: 80 Gbit/s bidirectional 9278: 9264: 8888: 8874: 8121: 8107: 7960:Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller 7924:Intel Communication Streaming Architecture 7814: 7800: 7268: 6990: 5892: 5890: 4436:"Cable Matters Active Thunderbolt 4 Cable" 4160:(Press release). IPtronics. 1 October 2009 4095: 3609: 3372: 3370: 1802:Creator already have Thunderbolt 3 ports. 1749:, for faster storage and external graphics 1745:/s) the PCI Express data-throughput using 1134:device in a chain of Thunderbolt devices. 1130:is a Thunderbolt symbol next to the port. 8002:High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection 7262: 6306:"Sonnet Thunderbolt 4 Dock Compatibility" 4903: 4549: 4032: 3968: 3941:"Intel shows off first Light Peak laptop" 3539:"What you need to know about Thunderbolt" 3305: 3303: 3247:List of computer peripheral bus bit rates 3174: 2885:40 Gbit/s speed, DP 1.2, lead-free. 2182:iMac (Retina 4K, 21.5-inch, 2017 to 2019) 2087:MacBook Air (13-inch, Early 2015 to 2017) 1878:Learn how and when to remove this message 158:4.5 mm plug (5.4 mm receptacle) 150:7.4 mm plug (8.3 mm receptacle) 7327: 7238:"CVE-2014-4498: The Thunderstrike issue" 7174: 7151: 7030: 4476: 4308: 4200: 4065: 4033:Shankland, Stephen (23 September 2009). 3621:Dilger, Daniel Eran (24 February 2011). 3586: 2841:, 100 W power delivery (compatible with 2348: 1823: 1273: 1265: 1122:that include the Thunderbolt interface. 735: 723: 715: 707: 699: 9610:List of solid-state drive manufacturers 7391: 7180: 6778:Broekhuijsen, Niels (6 February 2020). 5887: 5877:"USB Promoter Group USB4 Specification" 4887: 4000: 3938: 3932: 3851:. Event occurs at 1:20. Archived from 3648: 3367: 2976:40 Gbit/s speed, DP 1.4, optional 2483: 2438: 2344: 2179:iMac (Retina 5K, 27-inch, 2017 to 2020) 1752:Up to 240W of charging power downstream 764:Thunderbolt can be implemented on PCIe 9841:Computer-related introductions in 2009 9833: 9285: 8047:Platform Environment Control Interface 7735: 7370: 7350:van Beijnum, Iljitsch (20 June 2012). 7294: 7216: 7192: 7057: 6999: 6907: 6002:"Thunderbolt 4 Explained | Tripp Lite" 5922: 5896: 4238: 4178: 4066:Crothers, Brooke (29 September 2009). 3912: 3906: 3840: 3620: 3562: 3536: 3300: 2096:iMac (Retina 4K, 21.5-inch, Late 2015) 2038:iMac (21.5-inch, Mid 2011 to Mid 2014) 1479:, featuring 2 Thunderbolt 3 ports and 1430:(13-inch, 2016, 4 Thunderbolt 3 Ports) 1423:(13-inch, 2016, 2 Thunderbolt 3 Ports) 1278:USB-C Thunderbolt 3, 4, or 5 connector 323:Thunderbolt 2: 20 Gbit/s in total 9425:Flash Forward (joint venture between 9259: 8869: 8102: 7795: 7671: 7217:Hudson, Trammell (27 December 2014). 7198: 7119: 6676: 6146:"USB4 Systems PCIe Tunneling Support" 5948: 5227: 5145: 4536: 4477:Crothers, Brooke (19 February 2011). 3969:Hollister, Sean (14 September 2010). 3808: 3455: 3453: 2035:iMac (27-inch, Mid 2011 to Late 2013) 1957:have all released Thunderbolt docks. 1819: 1137:Intel announced they would release a 895: 7821: 7162:from the original on 3 November 2021 6658:from the original on 3 November 2021 6208: 4858: 4209: 4127: 3913:Shiels, Maggie (25 September 2009). 3587:Foresman, Chris (24 February 2011). 3510: 1860:adding citations to reliable sources 1831: 1768: 1705:with up to six Thunderbolt 4 ports. 1082:featuring one Thunderbolt port, and 692:connector, and support USB devices. 7628: 7583: 7558: 7000:Graham, Robert (24 February 2011). 4508: 3461:"Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)" 2295:Vulnerability to Option ROM attacks 2194:iPad Pro 12.9-inch (5th generation) 2158:MacBook Pro (15-inch, 2016 to 2019) 680:. Thunderbolt 1 and 2 use the same 672:signals, and additionally provides 353:Thunderbolt 2: x4 PCI Express 2.0, 13: 9626:Advanced Host Controller Interface 8032:Host Embedded Controller Interface 7729: 7649: 7392:Anthony, Sebastian (2 June 2015). 6908:Butler, Stacey (7 November 2023). 5848: 5324:. Thunderbolt Technology Community 4563:. 24 February 2011. Archived from 4096:Branscombe, Mary (5 August 2010). 4001:Hachman, Mark (24 February 2011). 3809:Patel, Nilay (24 September 2009). 3484: 3450: 3317:. 24 February 2011. Archived from 2167:MacBook Air (M1, 2020 to M2, 2022) 1972:proprietary data-handling system. 1525:featuring one Thunderbolt 3 port. 1232:featuring one Thunderbolt 2 port. 849:introduced Light Peak at the 2009 833:in the US in late September 2013. 14: 9887: 9876:Peripheral Component Interconnect 7769: 7540:"Thunderbolt 80/120G Controllers" 7152:Sevinsky, Russ (1 October 2013). 6362: 5176:Walton, Jarred (19 August 2013). 4271:(Press release). Global SEI. 2013 4239:Ziller, Jason (23 January 2010). 3915:"Future is TV-shaped, says Intel" 3841:Ziller, Jason (26 January 2010). 2390:and added a half-meter cable for 2258:— is potentially vulnerable to a 2197:iPad Pro 11-inch (3rd generation) 2090:MacBook Air (11-inch, Early 2015) 1785:Before March 2019, there were no 1618: 1604:. In April 2021, Apple announced 1407:), as well as motherboards (from 954:In September 2013, glass company 320:/s each (20 Gbit/s in total) 9813: 9812: 8852: 8851: 7672:Verry, Tim (15 September 2013). 7608: 7550: 7532: 7514: 7496: 7479: 7461: 7443: 7425: 7407: 7371:Gurman, Mark (10 January 2013). 7328:Foresman, Chris (30 June 2011). 7303: 7288: 7244: 7236:US-CERT/NIST (30 January 2015). 7229: 7145: 7098: 7077: 7031:Sevinsky, Russ (1 August 2013). 6901: 6884:"Identify the ports on your Mac" 6858: 6847: 6822: 6797: 6771: 6758:Thunderbolt Technology Community 6746: 6721: 6696: 6670: 6640: 6614: 6588: 6563: 6535: 6509: 6458: 6433: 6408: 6382: 6356: 6330: 6259: 6247: 6209:Owen, Malcolm (7 January 2020). 6184: 6166: 6152: 6138: 6119: 6094: 6069: 6044: 6019: 5994: 5968: 5942: 5916: 5869: 5842: 5817: 5792: 5305:"Thunderbolt 3 Technology Brief" 5193:Torres, Edwin (28 January 2013) 4888:Holland, Colin (12 April 2011). 4509:Kim, Arnold (19 February 2011). 4458:. Intel Thunderbolt. 8 July 2020 4179:Clarke, Peter (1 October 2009). 4098:"Intel Light Peak: a tech guide" 3649:Nilsson, LG (25 February 2011). 3537:Frakes, Dan (24 February 2011). 3465:Thunderbolt Technology Community 3350:"Thunderbolt – Technology Brief" 2837:LSPCon (DP Protocol Converter), 2658: 2637: 2032:Mac Mini (Mid 2011 to Late 2012) 1995: 1894:, with the relatively expensive 1836: 1708: 1627: 1261: 1160: 1013: 995: 704:Symbol used on Thunderbolt ports 34: 5767: 5742: 5717: 5692: 5667: 5642: 5617: 5592: 5567: 5542: 5517: 5492: 5467: 5421: 5314: 5297: 5280: 5262: 5244: 5221: 5203: 5187: 5170: 5128: 5103: 5078: 5053: 5028: 5003: 4978: 4953: 4939: 4928: 4881: 4852: 4826: 4804: 4779: 4754: 4729: 4704: 4679: 4654: 4629: 4604: 4579: 4530: 4502: 4470: 4210:Metz, Cade (24 February 2011). 4172: 4150: 4121: 4089: 4026: 3994: 3962: 3892:"Light Peak to succeed USB 3.0" 3867: 3834: 3731: 3703: 3675: 3642: 2149:Macbook Pro (14-inch, M3, 2023) 1847:needs additional citations for 1720:The full specifications cover: 1641:protection to prevent physical 1212:(Retina 5K, 27-inch, Late 2014) 841: 653:, and first sold as part of an 633:for the connection of external 135:Up to 60 metres (200 ft) ( 5897:Bright, Peter (4 March 2019). 3530: 3504: 3478: 2868:40 Gbit/s speed, DP 1.2. 2829:40 Gbit/s speed, DP 1.2, 2467:Intel Thunderbolt controllers 2461: 1286:connectors with USB, supports 695: 316:Thunderbolt 1: 2 channels, 10 1: 8446:Intel Ultra Path Interconnect 7736:Ziller, Jason (2 June 2015). 7129:. Intel. 2014. Archived from 6754:"X570 Phantom Gaming–ITX/TB3" 6336: 5923:Grunin, Lori (4 March 2019). 5378:. Extreme Tech. 22 April 2014 5228:Byrne, Seamus (2 June 2015). 5184:. Retrieved 28 December 2013. 4128:Shah, Agam (8 January 2011). 3939:Collins, Barry (4 May 2010). 3651:"Intel announces Thunderbolt" 3293: 1356:Support was added to Intel's 930:See comparison section below. 712:Thunderbolt 1 or 2, connector 657:product on 24 February 2011. 128:Up to 3 metres (10 ft) ( 8424:Intel QuickPath Interconnect 8414:Direct Media Interface (DMI) 7990:Active Management Technology 7919:MultiProcessor Specification 7223:Chaos Communication Congress 6677:Lilly, Paul (30 July 2018). 5200:. Retrieved 28 January 2014. 5142:. Retrieved 4 February 2014. 4859:Shah, Agam (12 April 2011). 2353:Thunderbolt Ethernet adapter 2230:Vulnerability to DMA attacks 1455:(Retina 4K, 21.5-inch, 2017) 1270:Thunderbolt 3, 4, or 5 ports 1197:(Retina, 15-inch, Late 2013) 1190:(Retina, 13-inch, Late 2013) 944:Sumitomo Electric Industries 823:Sumitomo Electric Industries 729:Thunderbolt link connections 7: 7522:"Thunderbolt 4 Controllers" 7451:"Thunderbolt 3 Controllers" 7433:"Thunderbolt 2 Controllers" 7058:Porter, Jon (11 May 2020). 5949:Brant, Tom (4 March 2019). 3242:List of interface bit rates 3194: 2220:Mac Pro (2023 + Rack, 2023) 2191:Mac Pro (2019 + Rack, 2019) 2173:Mac Mini (2018 to M1, 2020) 2155:MacBook Pro (16-inch, 2019) 2099:iMac (21.5-inch, Late 2015) 1575:over its alternative mode. 1291: 1246:Thunderbolt 2 incorporates 901: 80:Since 24 February 2011 16:Computer hardware interface 10: 9892: 9856:Fiber-optic communications 8897:Audio and video connectors 8409:Compute Express Link (CXL) 7269:Ruytenberg, Björn (2020). 7127:"Thunderbolt how it works" 6285:"Razer Thunderbolt 4 Dock" 6128:USB type C system overview 4537:Smith, Mat (21 May 2012). 3659:. VR Media. Archived from 3511:Shah, Agam (6 June 2013). 3402:"Thunderbolt 4 Press deck" 3267:Parallel optical interface 2816: 2510: 2408:on copper required either 2342: 1571:USB4 supports DisplayPort 1543: 1534:Display Stream Compression 1515:12.9-inch (5th generation) 1462:(Retina 5K, 27-inch, 2017) 1290:, and can require special 899: 836: 233:Thunderbolt 3, 4 and 5: 24 184:Thunderbolt 4: Hub support 18: 9808: 9737: 9676: 9618: 9602: 9552: 9454: 9445: 9394: 9293: 9232: 9216: 9128: 9007: 8971: 8903: 8845: 8804: 8783: 8732: 8646:IEEE-1284 (parallel port) 8568: 8561:logical device interface) 8464: 8216: 8150: 8080: 7952: 7906: 7830: 7742:thunderbolttechnology.net 7633:. VR-Zone. Archived from 7415:"Thunderbolt Controllers" 3202:Apple Thunderbolt Display 3163: 3133: 3130: 3124: 3121: 3088: 3085: 3082: 3079: 3073: 3070: 3064: 3008: 3002: 2984: 2952: 2938: 2935: 2932: 2884: 2881: 2855: 2822: 2807: 2793: 2779: 2776: 2773: 2752: 2722: 2719: 2677: 2655: 2649: 2643: 2572: 2569: 2560: 2534: 2531: 2525: 2519: 2338: 2214:Mac Studio (2022 to 2023) 1927:Apple Thunderbolt Display 1113:Apple Thunderbolt Display 853:(IDF), using a prototype 618: 607: 596: 585: 574: 563: 552: 541: 530: 519: 508: 497: 486: 475: 464: 453: 442: 431: 420: 416:Hot plug detect 409: 398: 393: 339: 336: 312: 309: 304: 301: 296: 283: 280: 271: 268: 263: 253:Thunderbolt 3, 4, and 5: 243: 240: 226: 223: 218: 215: 202: 199: 194: 191: 177: 172: 167: 162: 157: 154: 149: 146: 124: 121: 116: 97: 94: 79: 76: 71: 68: 50: 47: 42: 33: 9224:List of video connectors 8027:Serial Digital Video Out 8017:Rapid Storage Technology 6267:"What is Thunderbolt 4?" 4869:. PCWorld Communications 2225:Security vulnerabilities 2176:iMac (24-inch, M1, 2021) 1508:11-inch (3rd generation) 744:Thunderbolt controllers 720:Thunderbolt 1 or 2, port 219:Via DisplayPort protocol 19:Not to be confused with 9326:Flash memory controller 8953:Speaker spring terminal 8072:Ultra Path Interconnect 8057:Platform Controller Hub 7985:Intel Management Engine 5449:"Thunderbolt 3 devices" 4249:. Event occurs at 1:13 3227:Interconnect bottleneck 1912:2011 floods in Thailand 1539: 1477:(Retina, 13-inch, 2018) 857:logic board to run two 629:is the brand name of a 230:Thunderbolt 1 and 2: 20 9866:Optical communications 9750:JEDEC / JC-42, JC-64.8 8208:List of bus bandwidths 8088:Silicon Photonics Link 8052:QuickPath Interconnect 7181:Heasman, John (2007). 5881:USB implementers forum 5855:Thunderbolt Technology 5453:Thunderbolt Technology 5436:Thunderbolt technology 4220:. Situation Publishing 3683:"Light Peak: Overview" 3409:Thunderbolt technology 3009:40 Gbit/s speed, 2939:40 Gbit/s speed, 2780:20 Gbit/s speed, 2354: 2185:iMac (21.5-inch, 2017) 1829: 1715:USB Implementers Forum 1556:USB Implementers Forum 1279: 1271: 1023:USB Implementers Forum 741: 733: 721: 713: 705: 645:in collaboration with 641:. It was developed by 526:Ground (reserved) 504:Ground (reserved) 493:LowSpeed transmit 117:General specifications 82:; 13 years ago 9738:Related organizations 8062:System Management Bus 8007:High Definition Audio 7914:Common Building Block 7699:Formerly Falcon Ridge 6729:"ASRock X570 Creator" 6256:. Intel. July 8, 2020 4949:. Intel. 4 June 2013. 4350:. Mat X. 9 April 2019 3378:"OWC Thunderbolt Hub" 3257:Optical communication 2817:10.7 × 10.7 2352: 1943:Other World Computing 1827: 1747:PCI Express Gen. 4 x4 1277: 1269: 1230:(13-inch, Early 2015) 1223:(11-inch, Early 2015) 1080:(21.5-inch, Mid 2011) 1061:(15-inch, Early 2011) 1054:(13-inch, Early 2011) 890:Intel Developer Forum 851:Intel Developer Forum 739: 727: 719: 711: 703: 660:Thunderbolt combines 515:LowSpeed receive 247:Thunderbolt 1 and 2: 21:Lightning (connector) 9667:Universal Serial Bus 9661:Serial attached SCSI 8651:IEEE-1394 (FireWire) 8389:PCI Extended (PCI-X) 6666:– via You tube 6571:"USB4 Specification" 4138:. International Data 3597:. Condé Nast Digital 3563:Cunningham, Andrew. 2904:Computers/Peripheral 2893:Computers/Peripheral 2876:Computers/Peripheral 2260:direct memory access 2093:Mac Mini (Late 2014) 2053:SanDisk Professional 1856:improve this article 1639:direct memory access 1493:Mac Pro (Rack, 2019) 1205:Mac mini (Late 2014) 936:optical fiber cables 9395:Flash manufacturers 9386:Write amplification 9371:Solid-state storage 8492:Parallel ATA (PATA) 7295:Ruytenberg, Björn. 7042:Black Hat Briefings 6318:on 19 February 2021 4567:on 26 February 2011 4376:. 30 September 2020 3790:. 11 September 2013 3663:on 26 February 2011 2468: 2105:Mac Pro (Late 2013) 1609:(24-inch, M1, 2021) 1598:Mac mini (M1, 2020) 1594:(13-inch, M1, 2020) 1409:Gigabyte Technology 1179:Mac Pro (Late 2013) 1109:(13-inch, Mid 2011) 1102:(11-inch, Mid 2011) 1095:Mac mini (Mid 2011) 1087:(27-inch, Mid 2011) 1069:17-inch, Early 2011 861:video streams plus 803:. Apple registered 383:, DisplayPort 2.1, 373:, DisplayPort 2.0, 363:, DisplayPort 1.2, 30: 9560:Greenliant Systems 9331:Garbage collection 9287:Solid-state drives 8399:PCI Express (PCIe) 7637:on 20 October 2012 7315:docs.microsoft.com 7258:. 4 February 2015. 7201:"Mac EFI rootkits" 7133:on 29 October 2014 6006:Tripp Lite Website 2843:USB Power Delivery 2466: 2440:Copper vs. optical 2355: 2345:Copper vs. optical 1830: 1820:Peripheral devices 1578:In November 2020, 1330:USB power delivery 1280: 1272: 1045:In February 2011, 896:Copper vs. optical 881:On 4 May 2010, in 772:of computers with 742: 734: 722: 714: 706: 631:hardware interface 381:x4 PCI Express 4.0 371:x4 PCI Express 3.0 361:x4 PCI Express 3.0 345:x4 PCI Express 2.0 43:Production history 28: 9828: 9827: 9760:NVMHCI Work Group 9603:SSD manufacturers 9598: 9597: 9356:Over-provisioning 9311:Flash file system 9253: 9252: 8863: 8862: 8849: 8576:Apple Desktop Bus 8553:PCI Express (via 8512:Serial ATA (SATA) 8198:Network on a chip 8096: 8095: 7970:Intel Turbo Boost 7929:Intel Inboard 386 7764:. 11 August 2021. 6497:. 19 October 2022 6470:support.apple.com 6445:support.apple.com 6420:support.apple.com 6369:www.anandtech.com 6106:support.apple.com 6081:support.apple.com 6056:support.apple.com 6031:support.apple.com 5883:. 29 August 2019. 5804:support.apple.com 5779:support.apple.com 5729:support.apple.com 5704:support.apple.com 5679:support.apple.com 5654:support.apple.com 5629:support.apple.com 5604:support.apple.com 5579:support.apple.com 5554:support.apple.com 5529:support.apple.com 5504:support.apple.com 5479:support.apple.com 5274:arstechnica.co.uk 5115:support.apple.com 5090:support.apple.com 5065:support.apple.com 5040:support.apple.com 5015:support.apple.com 4990:support.apple.com 4965:support.apple.com 4791:support.apple.com 4766:support.apple.com 4741:support.apple.com 4716:support.apple.com 4691:support.apple.com 4666:support.apple.com 4641:support.apple.com 4616:support.apple.com 4591:support.apple.com 3949:Dennis Publishing 3313:(Press release). 3262:Fiber-optic cable 3170: 3169: 2650:12 × 12 2526:15 × 15 2306:evil-maid attacks 1888: 1887: 1880: 1769:Royalty situation 1448:(21.5-inch, 2017) 1414:In October 2016, 1365:Microsoft Windows 624: 623: 9883: 9816: 9815: 9684:HDD form factors 9452: 9451: 9351:Open-channel SSD 9280: 9273: 9266: 9257: 9256: 8890: 8883: 8876: 8867: 8866: 8855: 8854: 8847: 8309:HP Precision Bus 8123: 8116: 8109: 8100: 8099: 8012:Hub Architecture 7980:Intel Secure Key 7816: 7809: 7802: 7793: 7792: 7781: 7780: 7765: 7749: 7723: 7720: 7712: 7711: 7709: 7690: 7688: 7686: 7668: 7666: 7664: 7646: 7644: 7642: 7625: 7623: 7621: 7605: 7603: 7601: 7592:. Archived from 7580: 7578: 7576: 7571:on 25 March 2012 7567:. Archived from 7554: 7548: 7547: 7536: 7530: 7529: 7518: 7512: 7511: 7510:. 19 April 2014. 7500: 7494: 7493: 7491: 7483: 7477: 7476: 7465: 7459: 7458: 7447: 7441: 7440: 7429: 7423: 7422: 7411: 7405: 7404: 7389: 7383: 7382: 7368: 7362: 7361: 7347: 7341: 7340: 7338: 7336: 7325: 7319: 7318: 7307: 7301: 7300: 7292: 7286: 7285: 7283: 7281: 7266: 7260: 7259: 7248: 7242: 7241: 7233: 7227: 7226: 7214: 7208: 7207: 7205: 7196: 7190: 7189: 7187: 7178: 7172: 7171: 7169: 7167: 7149: 7143: 7142: 7140: 7138: 7123: 7117: 7116: 7114: 7112: 7102: 7096: 7095: 7093: 7091: 7081: 7075: 7074: 7072: 7070: 7055: 7046: 7045: 7039: 7028: 7017: 7016: 7014: 7012: 6997: 6988: 6987: 6985: 6983: 6973: 6967: 6966: 6964: 6962: 6952: 6946: 6945: 6943: 6941: 6931: 6925: 6924: 6922: 6920: 6905: 6899: 6898: 6896: 6894: 6880: 6867: 6862: 6856: 6851: 6845: 6844: 6842: 6840: 6826: 6820: 6819: 6817: 6815: 6801: 6795: 6794: 6792: 6790: 6775: 6769: 6768: 6766: 6764: 6750: 6744: 6743: 6741: 6739: 6725: 6719: 6718: 6716: 6714: 6700: 6694: 6693: 6691: 6689: 6674: 6668: 6667: 6665: 6663: 6654:, 29 July 2018, 6644: 6638: 6637: 6635: 6633: 6618: 6612: 6611: 6609: 6607: 6592: 6586: 6585: 6583: 6581: 6567: 6561: 6560: 6558: 6556: 6547: 6539: 6533: 6532: 6530: 6528: 6513: 6507: 6506: 6504: 6502: 6487: 6481: 6480: 6478: 6476: 6462: 6456: 6455: 6453: 6451: 6437: 6431: 6430: 6428: 6426: 6412: 6406: 6405: 6403: 6401: 6386: 6380: 6379: 6377: 6375: 6360: 6354: 6353: 6351: 6349: 6334: 6328: 6327: 6325: 6323: 6317: 6311:. Archived from 6310: 6302: 6296: 6295: 6293: 6291: 6281: 6275: 6274: 6263: 6257: 6251: 6245: 6244: 6235: 6226: 6225: 6223: 6221: 6206: 6200: 6199: 6192:"USB4 vs. USB C" 6188: 6182: 6181: 6170: 6164: 6163: 6156: 6150: 6149: 6142: 6136: 6135: 6133: 6123: 6117: 6116: 6114: 6112: 6098: 6092: 6091: 6089: 6087: 6073: 6067: 6066: 6064: 6062: 6048: 6042: 6041: 6039: 6037: 6023: 6017: 6016: 6014: 6012: 5998: 5992: 5991: 5989: 5987: 5972: 5966: 5965: 5963: 5961: 5946: 5940: 5939: 5937: 5935: 5920: 5914: 5913: 5911: 5909: 5894: 5885: 5884: 5873: 5867: 5866: 5864: 5862: 5846: 5840: 5839: 5837: 5835: 5821: 5815: 5814: 5812: 5810: 5796: 5790: 5789: 5787: 5785: 5771: 5765: 5764: 5762: 5760: 5746: 5740: 5739: 5737: 5735: 5721: 5715: 5714: 5712: 5710: 5696: 5690: 5689: 5687: 5685: 5671: 5665: 5664: 5662: 5660: 5646: 5640: 5639: 5637: 5635: 5621: 5615: 5614: 5612: 5610: 5596: 5590: 5589: 5587: 5585: 5571: 5565: 5564: 5562: 5560: 5546: 5540: 5539: 5537: 5535: 5521: 5515: 5514: 5512: 5510: 5496: 5490: 5489: 5487: 5485: 5471: 5465: 5464: 5462: 5460: 5445: 5439: 5438: 5433: 5425: 5419: 5418: 5416: 5414: 5397: 5388: 5387: 5385: 5383: 5372: 5363: 5362: 5360: 5358: 5343: 5334: 5333: 5331: 5329: 5318: 5312: 5311: 5309: 5301: 5295: 5294: 5292: 5284: 5278: 5277: 5266: 5260: 5259: 5248: 5242: 5241: 5239: 5237: 5225: 5219: 5218: 5207: 5201: 5191: 5185: 5174: 5168: 5167: 5165: 5163: 5149: 5143: 5132: 5126: 5125: 5123: 5121: 5107: 5101: 5100: 5098: 5096: 5082: 5076: 5075: 5073: 5071: 5057: 5051: 5050: 5048: 5046: 5032: 5026: 5025: 5023: 5021: 5007: 5001: 5000: 4998: 4996: 4982: 4976: 4975: 4973: 4971: 4957: 4951: 4950: 4943: 4937: 4932: 4926: 4925: 4923: 4921: 4907: 4901: 4900: 4898: 4896: 4885: 4879: 4878: 4876: 4874: 4856: 4850: 4849: 4847: 4845: 4830: 4824: 4823: 4821: 4819: 4808: 4802: 4801: 4799: 4797: 4783: 4777: 4776: 4774: 4772: 4758: 4752: 4751: 4749: 4747: 4733: 4727: 4726: 4724: 4722: 4708: 4702: 4701: 4699: 4697: 4683: 4677: 4676: 4674: 4672: 4658: 4652: 4651: 4649: 4647: 4633: 4627: 4626: 4624: 4622: 4608: 4602: 4601: 4599: 4597: 4583: 4577: 4576: 4574: 4572: 4553: 4547: 4546: 4534: 4528: 4527: 4525: 4523: 4506: 4500: 4499: 4497: 4495: 4474: 4468: 4467: 4465: 4463: 4457: 4449: 4440: 4439: 4438:. Cable Matters. 4432: 4426: 4425: 4418: 4412: 4411: 4409: 4407: 4392: 4386: 4385: 4383: 4381: 4366: 4360: 4359: 4357: 4355: 4338: 4332: 4331: 4329: 4327: 4312: 4306: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4287: 4281: 4280: 4278: 4276: 4265: 4259: 4258: 4256: 4254: 4236: 4230: 4229: 4227: 4225: 4207: 4198: 4197: 4195: 4193: 4176: 4170: 4169: 4167: 4165: 4154: 4148: 4147: 4145: 4143: 4125: 4119: 4118: 4116: 4114: 4093: 4087: 4086: 4084: 4082: 4063: 4054: 4053: 4051: 4049: 4030: 4024: 4023: 4021: 4019: 3998: 3992: 3991: 3989: 3987: 3966: 3960: 3959: 3957: 3955: 3936: 3930: 3929: 3927: 3925: 3910: 3904: 3903: 3902:. 15 April 2010. 3888: 3882: 3876: 3871: 3865: 3864: 3862: 3860: 3855:on 23 March 2011 3838: 3832: 3831: 3829: 3827: 3806: 3800: 3799: 3797: 3795: 3780: 3769: 3768: 3761: 3755: 3754: 3752: 3750: 3735: 3729: 3728: 3726: 3724: 3715: 3707: 3701: 3700: 3698: 3696: 3687: 3679: 3673: 3672: 3670: 3668: 3646: 3640: 3639: 3637: 3635: 3618: 3607: 3606: 3604: 3602: 3584: 3573: 3572: 3560: 3554: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3534: 3528: 3527: 3525: 3523: 3508: 3502: 3501: 3499: 3497: 3482: 3476: 3475: 3473: 3471: 3457: 3448: 3447: 3445: 3443: 3429: 3420: 3419: 3417: 3415: 3406: 3398: 3389: 3388: 3386: 3384: 3374: 3365: 3364: 3362: 3360: 3346: 3331: 3330: 3328: 3326: 3307: 3216:Mini DisplayPort 3188: 3185: 3127: 3076: 3046: 3026: 2996: 2955: 2926: 2909: 2858: 2796: 2764: 2738: 2713: 2693: 2646: 2621: 2617: 2611: 2592: 2588: 2563: 2522: 2485: 2474: 2469: 2465: 2452: 2436: 2429: 2422: 2407: 2393: 2389: 2382: 2377:gigabit Ethernet 2372:costing US$ 49. 2363: 2317:UEFI Secure Boot 2281: 1931:gigabit Ethernet 1883: 1876: 1872: 1869: 1863: 1840: 1832: 1740: 1298: 1033:Mini DisplayPort 817:Mini DisplayPort 686:Mini DisplayPort 349:DisplayPort 1.1a 249:Mini DisplayPort 90: 88: 83: 38: 31: 27: 9891: 9890: 9886: 9885: 9884: 9882: 9881: 9880: 9871:Optoelectronics 9831: 9830: 9829: 9824: 9804: 9733: 9672: 9614: 9594: 9548: 9502:(bought by OCZ) 9462:Western Digital 9441: 9427:Western Digital 9390: 9294:Key terminology 9289: 9284: 9254: 9249: 9233:General-purpose 9228: 9212: 9129:Audio and video 9124: 9030:Composite video 9025:Component YPbPr 9003: 8967: 8899: 8894: 8864: 8859: 8850: 8841: 8800: 8779: 8728: 8641:IEEE-488 (GPIB) 8564: 8460: 8439:Infinity Fabric 8269:Europe Card Bus 8212: 8146: 8127: 8097: 8092: 8076: 8037:Hyper-threading 7948: 7902: 7826: 7820: 7782:– official site 7776: 7775: 7772: 7752: 7732: 7730:Further reading 7727: 7726: 7715: 7707: 7705: 7693: 7684: 7682: 7662: 7660: 7650:Shimpi, Anand. 7640: 7638: 7619: 7617: 7599: 7597: 7574: 7572: 7555: 7551: 7538: 7537: 7533: 7520: 7519: 7515: 7502: 7501: 7497: 7489: 7485: 7484: 7480: 7473:techpowerup.com 7467: 7466: 7462: 7449: 7448: 7444: 7431: 7430: 7426: 7413: 7412: 7408: 7390: 7386: 7369: 7365: 7348: 7344: 7334: 7332: 7326: 7322: 7309: 7308: 7304: 7293: 7289: 7279: 7277: 7267: 7263: 7250: 7249: 7245: 7234: 7230: 7215: 7211: 7203: 7197: 7193: 7185: 7179: 7175: 7165: 7163: 7150: 7146: 7136: 7134: 7125: 7124: 7120: 7110: 7108: 7104: 7103: 7099: 7089: 7087: 7083: 7082: 7078: 7068: 7066: 7056: 7049: 7037: 7029: 7020: 7010: 7008: 7006:Errata Security 6998: 6991: 6981: 6979: 6975: 6974: 6970: 6960: 6958: 6954: 6953: 6949: 6939: 6937: 6933: 6932: 6928: 6918: 6916: 6906: 6902: 6892: 6890: 6882: 6881: 6870: 6865:B550 VISION D-P 6863: 6859: 6852: 6848: 6838: 6836: 6828: 6827: 6823: 6813: 6811: 6803: 6802: 6798: 6788: 6786: 6776: 6772: 6762: 6760: 6752: 6751: 6747: 6737: 6735: 6727: 6726: 6722: 6712: 6710: 6702: 6701: 6697: 6687: 6685: 6675: 6671: 6661: 6659: 6646: 6645: 6641: 6631: 6629: 6620: 6619: 6615: 6605: 6603: 6594: 6593: 6589: 6579: 6577: 6569: 6568: 6564: 6554: 6552: 6545: 6541: 6540: 6536: 6526: 6524: 6515: 6514: 6510: 6500: 6498: 6489: 6488: 6484: 6474: 6472: 6464: 6463: 6459: 6449: 6447: 6439: 6438: 6434: 6424: 6422: 6414: 6413: 6409: 6399: 6397: 6396:. 29 April 2020 6388: 6387: 6383: 6373: 6371: 6361: 6357: 6347: 6345: 6335: 6331: 6321: 6319: 6315: 6308: 6304: 6303: 6299: 6289: 6287: 6283: 6282: 6278: 6265: 6264: 6260: 6252: 6248: 6237: 6236: 6229: 6219: 6217: 6207: 6203: 6190: 6189: 6185: 6172: 6171: 6167: 6158: 6157: 6153: 6144: 6143: 6139: 6131: 6125: 6124: 6120: 6110: 6108: 6100: 6099: 6095: 6085: 6083: 6075: 6074: 6070: 6060: 6058: 6050: 6049: 6045: 6035: 6033: 6025: 6024: 6020: 6010: 6008: 6000: 5999: 5995: 5985: 5983: 5982:. 29 April 2020 5974: 5973: 5969: 5959: 5957: 5947: 5943: 5933: 5931: 5921: 5917: 5907: 5905: 5895: 5888: 5875: 5874: 5870: 5860: 5858: 5849:Ziller, Jason. 5847: 5843: 5833: 5831: 5823: 5822: 5818: 5808: 5806: 5798: 5797: 5793: 5783: 5781: 5773: 5772: 5768: 5758: 5756: 5748: 5747: 5743: 5733: 5731: 5723: 5722: 5718: 5708: 5706: 5698: 5697: 5693: 5683: 5681: 5673: 5672: 5668: 5658: 5656: 5648: 5647: 5643: 5633: 5631: 5623: 5622: 5618: 5608: 5606: 5598: 5597: 5593: 5583: 5581: 5573: 5572: 5568: 5558: 5556: 5548: 5547: 5543: 5533: 5531: 5523: 5522: 5518: 5508: 5506: 5498: 5497: 5493: 5483: 5481: 5473: 5472: 5468: 5458: 5456: 5447: 5446: 5442: 5431: 5427: 5426: 5422: 5412: 5410: 5409:. 22 April 2014 5399: 5398: 5391: 5381: 5379: 5374: 5373: 5366: 5356: 5354: 5353:. 21 April 2014 5345: 5344: 5337: 5327: 5325: 5320: 5319: 5315: 5307: 5303: 5302: 5298: 5290: 5286: 5285: 5281: 5268: 5267: 5263: 5250: 5249: 5245: 5235: 5233: 5226: 5222: 5209: 5208: 5204: 5192: 5188: 5175: 5171: 5161: 5159: 5151: 5150: 5146: 5133: 5129: 5119: 5117: 5109: 5108: 5104: 5094: 5092: 5084: 5083: 5079: 5069: 5067: 5059: 5058: 5054: 5044: 5042: 5034: 5033: 5029: 5019: 5017: 5009: 5008: 5004: 4994: 4992: 4984: 4983: 4979: 4969: 4967: 4959: 4958: 4954: 4945: 4944: 4940: 4933: 4929: 4919: 4917: 4909: 4908: 4904: 4894: 4892: 4886: 4882: 4872: 4870: 4857: 4853: 4843: 4841: 4832: 4831: 4827: 4817: 4815: 4810: 4809: 4805: 4795: 4793: 4785: 4784: 4780: 4770: 4768: 4760: 4759: 4755: 4745: 4743: 4735: 4734: 4730: 4720: 4718: 4710: 4709: 4705: 4695: 4693: 4685: 4684: 4680: 4670: 4668: 4660: 4659: 4655: 4645: 4643: 4635: 4634: 4630: 4620: 4618: 4610: 4609: 4605: 4595: 4593: 4585: 4584: 4580: 4570: 4568: 4555: 4554: 4550: 4535: 4531: 4521: 4519: 4507: 4503: 4493: 4491: 4489:CBS Interactive 4475: 4471: 4461: 4459: 4455: 4451: 4450: 4443: 4434: 4433: 4429: 4420: 4419: 4415: 4405: 4403: 4402:. 26 March 2020 4394: 4393: 4389: 4379: 4377: 4368: 4367: 4363: 4353: 4351: 4340: 4339: 4335: 4325: 4323: 4322:. 28 March 2018 4314: 4313: 4309: 4299: 4297: 4289: 4288: 4284: 4274: 4272: 4267: 4266: 4262: 4252: 4250: 4237: 4233: 4223: 4221: 4208: 4201: 4191: 4189: 4177: 4173: 4163: 4161: 4156: 4155: 4151: 4141: 4139: 4126: 4122: 4112: 4110: 4094: 4090: 4080: 4078: 4064: 4057: 4047: 4045: 4043:CBS Interactive 4031: 4027: 4017: 4015: 3999: 3995: 3985: 3983: 3967: 3963: 3953: 3951: 3937: 3933: 3923: 3921: 3911: 3907: 3890: 3889: 3885: 3874: 3872: 3868: 3858: 3856: 3839: 3835: 3825: 3823: 3807: 3803: 3793: 3791: 3782: 3781: 3772: 3763: 3762: 3758: 3748: 3746: 3737: 3736: 3732: 3722: 3720: 3713: 3709: 3708: 3704: 3694: 3692: 3685: 3681: 3680: 3676: 3666: 3664: 3647: 3643: 3633: 3631: 3619: 3610: 3600: 3598: 3585: 3576: 3561: 3557: 3547: 3545: 3535: 3531: 3521: 3519: 3509: 3505: 3495: 3493: 3485:Shamah, David. 3483: 3479: 3469: 3467: 3459: 3458: 3451: 3441: 3439: 3431: 3430: 3423: 3413: 3411: 3404: 3400: 3399: 3392: 3382: 3380: 3376: 3375: 3368: 3358: 3356: 3348: 3347: 3334: 3324: 3322: 3321:on 10 July 2011 3309: 3308: 3301: 3296: 3291: 3197: 3192: 3191: 3186: 3175: 3125: 3074: 3044: 3024: 2994: 2953: 2924: 2907: 2856: 2794: 2762: 2736: 2711: 2691: 2644: 2619: 2615: 2609: 2590: 2586: 2561: 2520: 2502: 2494: 2489: 2464: 2447: 2431: 2424: 2417: 2402: 2391: 2387: 2380: 2358: 2347: 2341: 2325: 2297: 2286:), because the 2232: 2227: 2217:Mac Mini (2023) 1998: 1884: 1873: 1867: 1864: 1853: 1841: 1822: 1771: 1738: 1711: 1630: 1621: 1548: 1542: 1497:Pro Display XDR 1481:Mac mini (2018) 1437:(15-inch, 2016) 1296: 1292:"active" cables 1264: 1248:DisplayPort 1.2 1163: 1016: 998: 904: 898: 844: 839: 731: 698: 389: 379:Thunderbolt 5: 369:Thunderbolt 4: 359:Thunderbolt 3: 355:DisplayPort 1.2 343:Thunderbolt 1: 332: 259: 236: 187: 181:Up to 6 devices 142: 112: 86: 84: 81: 64: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9889: 9879: 9878: 9873: 9868: 9863: 9861:Intel products 9858: 9853: 9848: 9846:Computer buses 9843: 9826: 9825: 9823: 9822: 9809: 9806: 9805: 9803: 9802: 9797: 9792: 9787: 9782: 9777: 9772: 9767: 9762: 9757: 9752: 9747: 9741: 9739: 9735: 9734: 9732: 9731: 9726: 9721: 9716: 9715: 9714: 9704: 9702:expansion card 9696: 9691: 9686: 9680: 9678: 9677:Configurations 9674: 9673: 9671: 9670: 9664: 9658: 9652: 9647: 9641: 9635: 9629: 9622: 9620: 9616: 9615: 9613: 9612: 9606: 9604: 9600: 9599: 9596: 9595: 9593: 9592: 9587: 9582: 9577: 9572: 9567: 9562: 9556: 9554: 9550: 9549: 9547: 9546: 9541: 9540: 9539: 9527: 9526: 9525: 9515: 9510: 9505: 9504: 9503: 9497: 9486: 9485: 9484: 9479: 9474: 9469: 9458: 9456: 9449: 9443: 9442: 9440: 9439: 9434: 9423: 9422: 9421: 9409: 9404: 9398: 9396: 9392: 9391: 9389: 9388: 9383: 9378: 9373: 9368: 9363: 9358: 9353: 9348: 9343: 9338: 9333: 9328: 9323: 9318: 9313: 9308: 9303: 9297: 9295: 9291: 9290: 9283: 9282: 9275: 9268: 9260: 9251: 9250: 9248: 9247: 9242: 9236: 9234: 9230: 9229: 9227: 9226: 9220: 9218: 9214: 9213: 9211: 9210: 9205: 9200: 9195: 9190: 9180: 9179: 9178: 9168: 9163: 9158: 9153: 9148: 9143: 9138: 9132: 9130: 9126: 9125: 9123: 9122: 9121: 9120: 9110: 9105: 9100: 9095: 9094: 9093: 9085: 9084: 9083: 9082: 9071: 9070: 9069: 9059: 9058: 9057: 9047: 9042: 9037: 9032: 9027: 9022: 9017: 9011: 9009: 9005: 9004: 9002: 9001: 8996: 8991: 8986: 8981: 8975: 8973: 8969: 8968: 8966: 8965: 8960: 8955: 8950: 8945: 8940: 8939: 8938: 8928: 8923: 8921:D-subminiature 8918: 8913: 8907: 8905: 8901: 8900: 8893: 8892: 8885: 8878: 8870: 8861: 8860: 8846: 8843: 8842: 8840: 8839: 8834: 8829: 8819: 8814: 8808: 8806: 8802: 8801: 8799: 8798: 8793: 8787: 8785: 8781: 8780: 8778: 8777: 8772: 8767: 8762: 8757: 8752: 8750:Intel HD Audio 8747: 8742: 8740:ADAT Lightpipe 8736: 8734: 8730: 8729: 8727: 8726: 8721: 8716: 8711: 8706: 8701: 8696: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8663: 8658: 8653: 8648: 8643: 8638: 8633: 8628: 8623: 8618: 8613: 8608: 8603: 8598: 8593: 8588: 8583: 8578: 8572: 8570: 8566: 8565: 8563: 8562: 8551: 8546: 8541: 8536: 8531: 8530: 8529: 8524: 8514: 8509: 8504: 8499: 8494: 8489: 8484: 8479: 8474: 8468: 8466: 8462: 8461: 8459: 8458: 8453: 8448: 8443: 8442: 8441: 8434:HyperTransport 8431: 8426: 8421: 8416: 8411: 8406: 8401: 8396: 8391: 8386: 8381: 8376: 8371: 8366: 8361: 8356: 8351: 8346: 8341: 8336: 8331: 8326: 8321: 8316: 8311: 8306: 8301: 8296: 8291: 8286: 8281: 8276: 8271: 8266: 8261: 8256: 8251: 8246: 8241: 8236: 8231: 8226: 8220: 8218: 8214: 8213: 8211: 8210: 8205: 8200: 8195: 8190: 8188:Bus contention 8185: 8180: 8175: 8170: 8165: 8163:Front-side bus 8160: 8154: 8152: 8148: 8147: 8144:computer buses 8126: 8125: 8118: 8111: 8103: 8094: 8093: 8091: 8090: 8084: 8082: 8078: 8077: 8075: 8074: 8069: 8064: 8059: 8054: 8049: 8044: 8039: 8034: 8029: 8024: 8019: 8014: 8009: 8004: 7999: 7998: 7997: 7987: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7962: 7956: 7954: 7950: 7949: 7947: 7946: 7941: 7936: 7931: 7926: 7921: 7916: 7910: 7908: 7904: 7903: 7901: 7900: 7895: 7890: 7885: 7880: 7875: 7870: 7865: 7860: 7855: 7850: 7845: 7840: 7834: 7832: 7828: 7827: 7819: 7818: 7811: 7804: 7796: 7790: 7789: 7788:– Larry Jordan 7783: 7771: 7770:External links 7768: 7767: 7766: 7750: 7731: 7728: 7725: 7724: 7722: 7721: 7713: 7691: 7679:PC Perspective 7669: 7647: 7626: 7609:Chen, Monica. 7606: 7581: 7549: 7531: 7513: 7495: 7478: 7460: 7442: 7424: 7406: 7384: 7363: 7342: 7320: 7302: 7287: 7261: 7243: 7228: 7209: 7199:Snare (2012). 7191: 7173: 7144: 7118: 7097: 7076: 7047: 7018: 6989: 6968: 6947: 6926: 6900: 6868: 6857: 6846: 6821: 6796: 6784:Tom's Hardware 6770: 6745: 6720: 6695: 6669: 6639: 6613: 6602:. 5 March 2019 6587: 6562: 6534: 6508: 6482: 6457: 6432: 6407: 6381: 6355: 6329: 6297: 6276: 6258: 6246: 6227: 6201: 6183: 6165: 6151: 6137: 6118: 6093: 6068: 6043: 6018: 5993: 5967: 5941: 5915: 5886: 5868: 5841: 5816: 5791: 5766: 5741: 5716: 5691: 5666: 5641: 5616: 5591: 5566: 5541: 5516: 5491: 5466: 5455:. January 2016 5440: 5420: 5389: 5364: 5335: 5313: 5296: 5279: 5276:. 2 June 2015. 5261: 5258:. 2 June 2015. 5243: 5220: 5202: 5186: 5169: 5144: 5127: 5102: 5077: 5052: 5027: 5002: 4977: 4952: 4938: 4927: 4902: 4880: 4851: 4840:. 14 July 2011 4825: 4803: 4778: 4753: 4728: 4703: 4678: 4653: 4628: 4603: 4578: 4548: 4529: 4501: 4469: 4441: 4427: 4413: 4387: 4361: 4333: 4307: 4282: 4260: 4231: 4199: 4171: 4149: 4120: 4088: 4055: 4025: 3993: 3961: 3931: 3905: 3883: 3866: 3833: 3801: 3770: 3756: 3730: 3702: 3674: 3641: 3608: 3574: 3555: 3529: 3503: 3477: 3449: 3421: 3390: 3366: 3332: 3298: 3297: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3289: 3284: 3279: 3274: 3269: 3264: 3259: 3254: 3249: 3244: 3239: 3234: 3229: 3224: 3218: 3209: 3204: 3198: 3196: 3193: 3190: 3189: 3172: 3171: 3168: 3167: 3161: 3160: 3150: 3146: 3145: 3135: 3132: 3129: 3123: 3120: 3116: 3115: 3105: 3101: 3100: 3090: 3087: 3084: 3081: 3078: 3072: 3069: 3066: 3062: 3061: 3057: 3054: 3051: 3048: 3042: 3039: 3035: 3034: 3031: 3028: 3022: 3019: 3015: 3014: 3007: 3004: 3001: 2998: 2992: 2989: 2986: 2982: 2981: 2974: 2971: 2968: 2965: 2961: 2960: 2957: 2951: 2948: 2944: 2943: 2937: 2934: 2931: 2928: 2922: 2919: 2915: 2914: 2911: 2905: 2902: 2898: 2897: 2894: 2891: 2887: 2886: 2883: 2880: 2877: 2874: 2870: 2869: 2866: 2863: 2860: 2854: 2851: 2847: 2846: 2827: 2824: 2821: 2818: 2815: 2812: 2809: 2805: 2804: 2801: 2798: 2792: 2789: 2785: 2784: 2778: 2775: 2772: 2769: 2766: 2760: 2757: 2754: 2750: 2749: 2746: 2743: 2740: 2734: 2731: 2727: 2726: 2724: 2721: 2718: 2715: 2709: 2706: 2702: 2701: 2698: 2695: 2689: 2686: 2682: 2681: 2679: 2676: 2673: 2670: 2666: 2665: 2660: 2657: 2654: 2651: 2648: 2642: 2639: 2635: 2634: 2631: 2628: 2625: 2622: 2613: 2607: 2604: 2600: 2599: 2596: 2593: 2584: 2581: 2577: 2576: 2574: 2571: 2568: 2565: 2559: 2556: 2552: 2551: 2549: 2546: 2543: 2539: 2538: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2527: 2524: 2518: 2515: 2512: 2508: 2507: 2504: 2499: 2496: 2491: 2486: 2481: 2478: 2475: 2463: 2460: 2340: 2337: 2324: 2321: 2296: 2293: 2284:OS X Mavericks 2231: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2222: 2221: 2218: 2215: 2212: 2209: 2199: 2198: 2195: 2192: 2189: 2186: 2183: 2180: 2177: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2165: 2162: 2159: 2156: 2153: 2150: 2133:Dell Alienware 2107: 2106: 2103: 2100: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2040: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2024: 2021: 2018: 2015: 2012: 1997: 1994: 1898:(4-drive) and 1886: 1885: 1844: 1842: 1835: 1821: 1818: 1770: 1767: 1763: 1762: 1759: 1756: 1753: 1750: 1735: 1728: 1725: 1710: 1707: 1701:announced the 1654:daisy chaining 1629: 1626: 1620: 1619:USB4 PCIe Mode 1617: 1611:featuring two 1544:Main article: 1541: 1538: 1523:Studio Display 1489:Mac Pro (2019) 1389:Dell Alienware 1347: 1346: 1343: 1340: 1324:(allowing for 1263: 1260: 1173:In June 2013, 1165:In June 2013, 1162: 1159: 1145:In July 2011, 1015: 1012: 997: 994: 897: 894: 843: 840: 838: 835: 831:optical cables 776:, such as the 766:graphics cards 697: 694: 668:(DP) into two 622: 621: 616: 615: 612: 609: 605: 604: 601: 598: 594: 593: 590: 587: 583: 582: 579: 576: 572: 571: 568: 565: 561: 560: 557: 554: 550: 549: 546: 543: 539: 538: 535: 532: 528: 527: 524: 521: 517: 516: 513: 510: 506: 505: 502: 499: 495: 494: 491: 488: 484: 483: 480: 477: 473: 472: 469: 466: 462: 461: 458: 455: 451: 450: 447: 444: 440: 439: 436: 433: 429: 428: 425: 422: 418: 417: 414: 411: 407: 406: 403: 400: 396: 395: 391: 390: 388: 387: 377: 367: 357: 351: 340: 338: 334: 333: 331: 330: 327: 324: 321: 313: 311: 307: 306: 303: 299: 298: 294: 293: 282: 278: 277: 270: 266: 265: 261: 260: 258: 257: 251: 244: 242: 238: 237: 235: 234: 231: 227: 225: 221: 220: 217: 213: 212: 201: 197: 196: 193: 189: 188: 186: 185: 182: 178: 176: 170: 169: 166: 160: 159: 156: 152: 151: 148: 144: 143: 141: 140: 133: 125: 123: 119: 118: 114: 113: 111: 110: 105: 98: 96: 92: 91: 78: 74: 73: 70: 66: 65: 63: 62: 57: 51: 49: 45: 44: 40: 39: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9888: 9877: 9874: 9872: 9869: 9867: 9864: 9862: 9859: 9857: 9854: 9852: 9849: 9847: 9844: 9842: 9839: 9838: 9836: 9821: 9820: 9811: 9810: 9807: 9801: 9798: 9796: 9793: 9791: 9788: 9786: 9783: 9781: 9778: 9776: 9775:SFF Committee 9773: 9771: 9768: 9766: 9763: 9761: 9758: 9756: 9753: 9751: 9748: 9746: 9743: 9742: 9740: 9736: 9730: 9727: 9725: 9722: 9720: 9717: 9713: 9710: 9709: 9708: 9705: 9703: 9700: 9697: 9695: 9692: 9690: 9687: 9685: 9682: 9681: 9679: 9675: 9668: 9665: 9662: 9659: 9656: 9653: 9651: 9648: 9645: 9642: 9639: 9636: 9633: 9632:Fibre Channel 9630: 9627: 9624: 9623: 9621: 9617: 9611: 9608: 9607: 9605: 9601: 9591: 9588: 9586: 9583: 9581: 9578: 9576: 9573: 9571: 9568: 9566: 9563: 9561: 9558: 9557: 9555: 9551: 9545: 9542: 9537: 9533: 9532: 9531: 9528: 9524: 9521: 9520: 9519: 9516: 9514: 9511: 9509: 9506: 9501: 9498: 9495: 9492: 9491: 9490: 9487: 9483: 9480: 9478: 9475: 9473: 9470: 9468: 9465: 9464: 9463: 9460: 9459: 9457: 9453: 9450: 9448: 9444: 9438: 9435: 9432: 9428: 9424: 9419: 9415: 9414: 9413: 9410: 9408: 9405: 9403: 9400: 9399: 9397: 9393: 9387: 9384: 9382: 9381:Wear leveling 9379: 9377: 9374: 9372: 9369: 9367: 9364: 9362: 9359: 9357: 9354: 9352: 9349: 9347: 9344: 9342: 9339: 9337: 9334: 9332: 9329: 9327: 9324: 9322: 9319: 9317: 9314: 9312: 9309: 9307: 9304: 9302: 9299: 9298: 9296: 9292: 9288: 9281: 9276: 9274: 9269: 9267: 9262: 9261: 9258: 9246: 9243: 9241: 9238: 9237: 9235: 9231: 9225: 9222: 9221: 9219: 9217:Visual charts 9215: 9209: 9206: 9204: 9201: 9199: 9196: 9194: 9191: 9188: 9184: 9181: 9177: 9174: 9173: 9172: 9169: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9159: 9157: 9154: 9152: 9149: 9147: 9144: 9142: 9139: 9137: 9134: 9133: 9131: 9127: 9119: 9116: 9115: 9114: 9111: 9109: 9106: 9104: 9101: 9099: 9096: 9092: 9089: 9088: 9087: 9086: 9080: 9077: 9076: 9075: 9072: 9068: 9065: 9064: 9063: 9060: 9056: 9053: 9052: 9051: 9048: 9046: 9043: 9041: 9038: 9036: 9033: 9031: 9028: 9026: 9023: 9021: 9020:Component RGB 9018: 9016: 9013: 9012: 9010: 9006: 9000: 8997: 8995: 8992: 8990: 8987: 8985: 8982: 8980: 8977: 8976: 8974: 8972:Digital audio 8970: 8964: 8961: 8959: 8956: 8954: 8951: 8949: 8946: 8944: 8941: 8937: 8934: 8933: 8932: 8929: 8927: 8924: 8922: 8919: 8917: 8914: 8912: 8909: 8908: 8906: 8902: 8898: 8891: 8886: 8884: 8879: 8877: 8872: 8871: 8868: 8858: 8844: 8838: 8835: 8833: 8830: 8827: 8823: 8820: 8818: 8815: 8813: 8812:Multidrop bus 8810: 8809: 8807: 8803: 8797: 8794: 8792: 8789: 8788: 8786: 8782: 8776: 8773: 8771: 8768: 8766: 8763: 8761: 8758: 8756: 8753: 8751: 8748: 8746: 8743: 8741: 8738: 8737: 8735: 8731: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8719:External PCIe 8717: 8715: 8712: 8710: 8707: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8699:Parallel SCSI 8697: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8679: 8675: 8671: 8667: 8664: 8662: 8659: 8657: 8654: 8652: 8649: 8647: 8644: 8642: 8639: 8637: 8634: 8632: 8629: 8627: 8624: 8622: 8619: 8617: 8614: 8612: 8609: 8607: 8604: 8602: 8599: 8597: 8594: 8592: 8591:Commodore bus 8589: 8587: 8584: 8582: 8579: 8577: 8574: 8573: 8571: 8567: 8560: 8556: 8552: 8550: 8547: 8545: 8542: 8540: 8539:Fibre Channel 8537: 8535: 8532: 8528: 8525: 8523: 8520: 8519: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8508: 8505: 8503: 8500: 8498: 8495: 8493: 8490: 8488: 8485: 8483: 8480: 8478: 8475: 8473: 8470: 8469: 8467: 8463: 8457: 8454: 8452: 8449: 8447: 8444: 8440: 8437: 8436: 8435: 8432: 8430: 8427: 8425: 8422: 8420: 8417: 8415: 8412: 8410: 8407: 8405: 8402: 8400: 8397: 8395: 8392: 8390: 8387: 8385: 8382: 8380: 8377: 8375: 8372: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8362: 8360: 8357: 8355: 8352: 8350: 8347: 8345: 8342: 8340: 8337: 8335: 8332: 8330: 8327: 8325: 8322: 8320: 8317: 8315: 8312: 8310: 8307: 8305: 8302: 8300: 8297: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8285: 8282: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8272: 8270: 8267: 8265: 8262: 8260: 8257: 8255: 8252: 8250: 8247: 8245: 8242: 8240: 8237: 8235: 8232: 8230: 8227: 8225: 8222: 8221: 8219: 8215: 8209: 8206: 8204: 8203:Plug and play 8201: 8199: 8196: 8194: 8193:Bus mastering 8191: 8189: 8186: 8184: 8181: 8179: 8176: 8174: 8171: 8169: 8168:Back-side bus 8166: 8164: 8161: 8159: 8156: 8155: 8153: 8149: 8145: 8142: 8138: 8136: 8131: 8124: 8119: 8117: 8112: 8110: 8105: 8104: 8101: 8089: 8086: 8085: 8083: 8079: 8073: 8070: 8068: 8065: 8063: 8060: 8058: 8055: 8053: 8050: 8048: 8045: 8043: 8040: 8038: 8035: 8033: 8030: 8028: 8025: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8010: 8008: 8005: 8003: 8000: 7996: 7993: 7992: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7957: 7955: 7951: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7937: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7922: 7920: 7917: 7915: 7912: 7911: 7909: 7905: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7835: 7833: 7829: 7824: 7817: 7812: 7810: 7805: 7803: 7798: 7797: 7794: 7787: 7784: 7779: 7774: 7773: 7763: 7759: 7755: 7751: 7747: 7743: 7739: 7734: 7733: 7718: 7714: 7704: 7700: 7696: 7692: 7681: 7680: 7675: 7670: 7659: 7658: 7653: 7648: 7636: 7632: 7629:Nilsson, LG. 7627: 7616: 7612: 7607: 7596:on 7 May 2012 7595: 7591: 7587: 7584:Nilsson, LG. 7582: 7570: 7566: 7562: 7559:Nilsson, LG. 7557: 7556: 7553: 7545: 7541: 7535: 7527: 7523: 7517: 7509: 7505: 7499: 7488: 7482: 7474: 7470: 7464: 7456: 7452: 7446: 7438: 7434: 7428: 7420: 7416: 7410: 7402: 7400: 7395: 7388: 7380: 7379: 7374: 7367: 7359: 7358: 7353: 7346: 7331: 7324: 7316: 7312: 7306: 7298: 7291: 7276: 7275:Thunderspy.io 7272: 7265: 7257: 7253: 7247: 7239: 7232: 7224: 7220: 7213: 7202: 7195: 7184: 7177: 7161: 7157: 7156: 7148: 7132: 7128: 7122: 7107: 7101: 7086: 7080: 7065: 7061: 7054: 7052: 7043: 7036: 7035: 7027: 7025: 7023: 7007: 7003: 6996: 6994: 6978: 6972: 6957: 6951: 6936: 6930: 6915: 6911: 6904: 6889: 6888:Apple Support 6885: 6879: 6877: 6875: 6873: 6866: 6861: 6855: 6854:B550 VISION D 6850: 6835: 6831: 6825: 6810: 6806: 6800: 6785: 6781: 6774: 6759: 6755: 6749: 6734: 6730: 6724: 6709: 6705: 6699: 6684: 6680: 6673: 6657: 6653: 6649: 6643: 6628:. 8 July 2020 6627: 6623: 6617: 6601: 6597: 6591: 6576: 6572: 6566: 6551: 6544: 6538: 6523:. 24 May 2017 6522: 6518: 6512: 6496: 6492: 6486: 6471: 6467: 6461: 6446: 6442: 6436: 6421: 6417: 6411: 6395: 6391: 6385: 6370: 6366: 6363:Smith, Ryan. 6359: 6344: 6340: 6337:S, Ganesh T. 6333: 6314: 6307: 6301: 6286: 6280: 6272: 6271:Cable Matters 6268: 6262: 6255: 6250: 6242: 6241: 6234: 6232: 6216: 6215:Apple Insider 6212: 6205: 6197: 6193: 6187: 6179: 6175: 6169: 6161: 6155: 6147: 6141: 6130: 6129: 6122: 6107: 6103: 6097: 6082: 6078: 6072: 6057: 6053: 6047: 6032: 6028: 6022: 6007: 6003: 5997: 5981: 5977: 5971: 5956: 5952: 5945: 5930: 5926: 5919: 5904: 5900: 5893: 5891: 5882: 5878: 5872: 5856: 5852: 5845: 5830: 5826: 5820: 5805: 5801: 5795: 5780: 5776: 5770: 5755: 5751: 5745: 5730: 5726: 5720: 5705: 5701: 5695: 5680: 5676: 5670: 5655: 5651: 5645: 5630: 5626: 5620: 5605: 5601: 5595: 5580: 5576: 5570: 5555: 5551: 5545: 5530: 5526: 5520: 5505: 5501: 5495: 5480: 5476: 5470: 5454: 5450: 5444: 5437: 5430: 5424: 5408: 5407: 5402: 5396: 5394: 5377: 5371: 5369: 5352: 5348: 5342: 5340: 5323: 5317: 5306: 5300: 5289: 5283: 5275: 5271: 5265: 5257: 5253: 5247: 5231: 5224: 5216: 5212: 5206: 5199: 5195: 5190: 5183: 5179: 5173: 5158: 5154: 5148: 5141: 5137: 5136:"Thunderbolt" 5134:Apple (2013) 5131: 5116: 5112: 5106: 5091: 5087: 5081: 5066: 5062: 5056: 5041: 5037: 5031: 5016: 5012: 5006: 4991: 4987: 4981: 4966: 4962: 4956: 4948: 4942: 4936: 4931: 4916: 4912: 4906: 4891: 4884: 4868: 4867: 4862: 4855: 4839: 4835: 4829: 4813: 4807: 4792: 4788: 4782: 4767: 4763: 4757: 4742: 4738: 4732: 4717: 4713: 4707: 4692: 4688: 4682: 4667: 4663: 4657: 4642: 4638: 4632: 4617: 4613: 4607: 4592: 4588: 4582: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4552: 4544: 4540: 4533: 4518: 4517: 4512: 4505: 4490: 4486: 4485: 4480: 4473: 4454: 4448: 4446: 4437: 4431: 4423: 4417: 4401: 4397: 4391: 4375: 4371: 4365: 4349: 4348: 4343: 4337: 4321: 4317: 4311: 4296: 4292: 4286: 4270: 4264: 4248: 4244: 4243: 4235: 4219: 4218: 4213: 4206: 4204: 4188: 4187: 4182: 4175: 4159: 4153: 4137: 4136: 4135:Computerworld 4131: 4124: 4109: 4105: 4104: 4099: 4092: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4062: 4060: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4029: 4014: 4010: 4009: 4004: 3997: 3982: 3978: 3977: 3972: 3965: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3935: 3920: 3916: 3909: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3887: 3881: 3877: 3870: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3845: 3837: 3822: 3818: 3817: 3812: 3805: 3789: 3785: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3767:. Global Sei. 3766: 3760: 3745:. 20 May 2011 3744: 3740: 3734: 3719: 3712: 3706: 3691: 3684: 3678: 3662: 3658: 3657: 3652: 3645: 3630: 3629: 3624: 3617: 3615: 3613: 3596: 3595: 3590: 3583: 3581: 3579: 3570: 3566: 3559: 3544: 3540: 3533: 3518: 3517:Computerworld 3514: 3507: 3492: 3488: 3481: 3466: 3462: 3456: 3454: 3438: 3434: 3428: 3426: 3410: 3403: 3397: 3395: 3379: 3373: 3371: 3355: 3351: 3345: 3343: 3341: 3339: 3337: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3306: 3304: 3299: 3288: 3285: 3283: 3280: 3278: 3275: 3273: 3270: 3268: 3265: 3263: 3260: 3258: 3255: 3253: 3250: 3248: 3245: 3243: 3240: 3238: 3235: 3233: 3230: 3228: 3225: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3213: 3210: 3208: 3205: 3203: 3200: 3199: 3184: 3182: 3180: 3178: 3173: 3166: 3162: 3159: 3158:PCIe x4 Gen 4 3155: 3151: 3148: 3147: 3144: 3143:PCIe x4 Gen 4 3140: 3136: 3118: 3117: 3114: 3113:PCIe x4 Gen 4 3110: 3106: 3103: 3102: 3099: 3098:PCIe x4 Gen 4 3095: 3091: 3086:Barlow Ridge 3067: 3063: 3058: 3055: 3052: 3049: 3043: 3040: 3037: 3036: 3032: 3029: 3023: 3020: 3017: 3016: 3012: 3005: 2999: 2993: 2990: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2972: 2969: 2966: 2963: 2962: 2958: 2949: 2946: 2945: 2942: 2929: 2923: 2920: 2917: 2916: 2912: 2906: 2903: 2900: 2899: 2895: 2892: 2889: 2888: 2878: 2875: 2872: 2871: 2867: 2864: 2861: 2852: 2849: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2825: 2819: 2813: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2799: 2790: 2787: 2786: 2783: 2770: 2767: 2761: 2758: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2744: 2741: 2735: 2732: 2729: 2728: 2725: 2720:Redwood Ridge 2716: 2710: 2707: 2704: 2703: 2699: 2696: 2690: 2687: 2684: 2683: 2680: 2674: 2671: 2668: 2667: 2664: 2661: 2652: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2629: 2626: 2623: 2614: 2608: 2605: 2602: 2601: 2597: 2594: 2585: 2582: 2579: 2578: 2575: 2566: 2557: 2554: 2553: 2550: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2540: 2537: 2528: 2516: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2500: 2497: 2492: 2487: 2482: 2479: 2476: 2471: 2470: 2459: 2456: 2451: 2444: 2442: 2441: 2435: 2428: 2421: 2415: 2411: 2406: 2399: 2395: 2384: 2378: 2373: 2371: 2367: 2362: 2351: 2346: 2336: 2334: 2330: 2320: 2318: 2313: 2309: 2307: 2302: 2292: 2289: 2285: 2282:supported on 2276: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2210: 2207: 2206: 2205: 2202: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2169: 2166: 2163: 2160: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2147: 2146: 2143: 2139: 2136: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2104: 2101: 2098: 2095: 2092: 2089: 2086: 2083: 2080: 2079: 2078: 2075: 2073: 2069: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2057:G-RAID Studio 2054: 2050: 2046: 2037: 2034: 2031: 2028: 2025: 2022: 2019: 2016: 2013: 2010: 2009: 2008: 2005: 2003: 1996:Apple devices 1993: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1973: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1958: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1923: 1921: 1915: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1882: 1879: 1871: 1861: 1857: 1851: 1850: 1845:This section 1843: 1839: 1834: 1833: 1826: 1817: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1801: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1783: 1781: 1776: 1766: 1760: 1757: 1754: 1751: 1748: 1744: 1737:Two times (64 1736: 1733: 1729: 1726: 1723: 1722: 1721: 1718: 1716: 1709:Thunderbolt 5 1706: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1693: 1689: 1686: 1682: 1677: 1675: 1670: 1669:8K resolution 1665: 1663: 1657: 1655: 1651: 1646: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1628:Thunderbolt 4 1625: 1616: 1614: 1610: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1592: 1588: 1585: 1581: 1576: 1574: 1569: 1566: 1565: 1559: 1557: 1553: 1547: 1537: 1535: 1530: 1526: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1513: 1509: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1460: 1456: 1453: 1449: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1435: 1431: 1428: 1424: 1421: 1417: 1412: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1361: 1359: 1354: 1352: 1344: 1341: 1338: 1337: 1336: 1333: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1305:Alpine Ridge, 1301: 1293: 1289: 1288:USB 3.1 Gen 2 1285: 1276: 1268: 1262:Thunderbolt 3 1259: 1257: 1252: 1249: 1244: 1242: 1237: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1224: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1195: 1191: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1171: 1168: 1161:Thunderbolt 2 1158: 1155: 1152: 1149:released its 1148: 1143: 1140: 1139:developer kit 1135: 1131: 1129: 1123: 1121: 1116: 1114: 1110: 1107: 1103: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1085: 1081: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1059: 1055: 1052: 1048: 1043: 1040: 1038: 1034: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1020: 1014:Thunderbolt 1 1011: 1008: 1005: 1001: 996:Compatibility 993: 989: 987: 986:active cables 982: 978: 976: 972: 967: 965: 960: 957: 952: 948: 945: 940: 937: 932: 931: 926: 925: 924:Computerworld 919: 917: 911: 909: 903: 893: 891: 886: 884: 879: 877: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 834: 832: 828: 827:Corning, Inc. 824: 820: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 793: 791: 786: 785:optical fiber 781: 779: 775: 774:onboard video 771: 767: 762: 758: 756: 752: 747: 738: 730: 726: 718: 710: 702: 693: 691: 687: 683: 679: 675: 671: 667: 663: 658: 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 617: 613: 610: 606: 602: 599: 595: 591: 588: 584: 580: 577: 573: 569: 566: 562: 558: 555: 551: 547: 544: 540: 536: 533: 529: 525: 522: 518: 514: 512:LSP2R RX 511: 507: 503: 500: 496: 492: 490:LSR2P TX 489: 485: 481: 478: 474: 470: 467: 463: 459: 456: 452: 448: 445: 441: 437: 434: 430: 426: 423: 419: 415: 412: 408: 404: 401: 397: 392: 386: 382: 378: 376: 372: 368: 366: 365:USB 3.1 Gen 2 362: 358: 356: 352: 350: 346: 342: 341: 335: 328: 325: 322: 319: 315: 314: 308: 300: 295: 291: 287: 279: 275: 267: 262: 256: 252: 250: 246: 245: 239: 232: 229: 228: 222: 214: 210: 206: 198: 190: 183: 180: 179: 175: 171: 165: 164:Hot pluggable 161: 153: 145: 138: 134: 131: 127: 126: 120: 115: 109: 106: 103: 100: 99: 93: 75: 67: 61: 58: 56: 53: 52: 46: 41: 37: 32: 26: 22: 9851:Fiber optics 9817: 9706: 9650:SATA Express 9376:Trim command 9366:Secure erase 9361:Read disturb 9316:Flash memory 9239: 8916:Binding post 8904:Analog audio 8723: 8344:TURBOchannel 8134: 8066: 7995:AMT versions 7907:Discontinued 7757: 7741: 7706:, retrieved 7698: 7683:. 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