USB4 - Knowledge

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where further details on the type are required. Formally, a cable type and properties are defined by a specific specification version, which was used during the development / design of said cable model, so each cable would be a valid and possibly certified cable according to a specific set of USB specification versions like "Type-C 2.3, USB 3.2, USB4 Version 2.0". But the standard is also designed to be interoperable, in that a newer specification version typically adds new modes of operation, new cable types, but does not restrict previously existing things. Because that would make existing things incompatible with new products. For this purpose even the older USB logos and labels did not include a specification version, but only stated

627:, also called physical layer or phy. USB4 connections can be expressed with consumer facing names that are also the basis for the official logos used on packaging and products. These are the "20 Gbps", "40 Gbps", "80 Gbps" labels and they do not explicitly indicate how the connection is achieved on the physical layer. There are also more technical names based on the implementation and use of the USB-C cables. These usually consist of a speed per wire-pair expressed as Gen 1/2/3/4 (5 Gbit/s, 10 Gbit/s, 20 Gbit/s, 40 Gbit/s respectively) and some further information on how many wire-pairs are used in which combination. 29: 2451: 742: 985: 1023: 935: 877: 817: 585:, bandwidth must be reserved for them. USB4 mandates that in absence of any other information, the maximum possible bandwidth for the particular DP connection (DP lanes and speed) must be reserved. This reservation only applies to other real-time tunnels though. Reserved, but unused bandwidth can be used by non-real-time tunnels such as PCIe or USB3, but the reservation may still block other DP tunnels from being established. 782: 2227: 2194: 2057: 2024: 1768: 611:, all packets passing through must be limited accordingly. Because USB4 uses a payload of up to 256 Byte per USB4 packet and a PCIe tunnel packet contains further PCIe headers and meta data, the MPS for PCIe tunnels was limited to 128 Byte. This limitation can reduce the efficiency of the PCIe connection greatly for all devices and systems that would otherwise support 256 Byte or even larger MPS. 430:

consumption features (e.g. charging of a notebook) are required, but can of course be supported following the USB PD specification. as well as supplying considerably more power. The USB PD protocol must always be supported (exchanging data according to the protocol. This is separate from any functionality of PD to negotiate actual power delivery other than 5V or > 15W).

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operating in either direction). Active cables can have further limitations as the active electronics may only support specific signaling modes. There are 2 variants of active electronics. Linear ReDrivers only amplify the signal without any particular signaling mode or encoding in mind. ReTimers explicitly reconstruct the incoming signal for a higher quality result.

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backward compatibility support, so as to behave as if they were regular, passive cables in the eyes of the consumer. But forward compatibility is limited for active cables. Only Optically Isolated Active Cables (OIAC), that should be clearly distinguishable (price, design, cable thickness, advertising) is allowed to strip most of the backwards compatibility away.

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USB4 launched with passive Gen 3 cables supporting TB3 40 Gbit/s on an electrical level, but where not mandated to identify in the historical way TB3 identified those cables (because that predates the existence of "Gen 3"). Early passive USB4 cables may thus not be identified as TB3 40 Gbit/s capable

1192:(RS FEC). In this mode, 12 × 16 B (128 bit) symbols are assembled together with 2 B (12 bit + 4 bit reserved) synchronisation bits indicating the respective symbol types and 4 B of RS FEC to allow to correct up to 1 B of errors anywhere in the total 198 B block. 489:

USB4 forms a tree-like topology of USB4 routers (each USB4 device includes a USB4 router to participate in this network). A tunnel can be end-to-end, where the route through the entire network of routers is preconfigured. But tunnels can also be single-hop, where it exists only for a single USB4 link

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Every USB4 port must support the USB4 protocol / connections, which is a distinct standard to establish USB4 links / connections between USB4 devices that exists in parallel to previous USB protocols. Unlike USB 2.0 and USB 3.x it does not provide a way to transfer data directly, but rather

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DP 2.1 aligned itself to the USB4 PHY layer according to Vesa, the creator of DisplayPort. It is unclear how complete this alignment is, however the UHBR10 DP speed matches USB4 Gen 2 in bit rate and encoding and UHBR20 DP Speed matches USB4 Gen 3 in bit rate and encoding. A USB and DP certification

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TB4 cables, even active ones, at least up to 2m in length are guaranteed to support DP Alt mode. A specific max. speed is also not mentioned, but the other requirements for TB4 all refer to DP 1.4 and its max. speed of HBR3. TB5 renews the same guarantee for "80 Gbps" cables while referencing the DP

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A USB4 peripheral device is defined by not having any USB4 DFP. This means devices that are colloquially called "USB-C Hubs" may use USB4 to support the dynamic bandwidth sharing or higher bandwidths of USB4. But they are not USB4 Hubs if they do not have any USB4 DFP. Not having any USB4 DFP allows

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The USB 3.x family has had the same technical notation retroactively added in the USB 3.1 and USB 3.2 specification versions. Though this shows common principles and the same generations refer to the same nominal speeds, "Gen A" does not have the same exact meaning in both USB 3.x and USB4

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according to the USB 3.2 specification. USB3 Gen X follows the Enhanced SuperSpeed Hub topology, where every USB4 router with more than one USB3 endpoint must include a USB3 hub as well. It is the default way USB3 connections through USB4 are made. Supporting it at 10 Gbit/s (SuperSpeed USB 10 Gbps,

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family currently defines 3 different modes and therefore signaling rates ("5 Gbps" a.k.a. SuperSpeed, "10 Gbps" a.k.a. SuperSpeed+, "20 Gbps" a.k.a. SuperSpeed+ 20 Gbps). While the current USB 3.2 specification has been referenced since USB4 Version 1.0, only the 2 lower speeds (5 Gbit/s, 10 Gbit/s)

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On 1 September 2022, the USB Promoter Group announced the pending release of the USB4 Version 2.0 specification, and the specification was subsequently released on 18 October 2022. It added 80 Gbit/s speeds with optionally asymmetric connections, a new, optional alternative to the existing "USB3 Gen

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The CC configuration channels have the roles of creating a relationship between attached ports, detecting plug orientation due to the reversible USB type C shell, discovering the VBUS power supply pins, determining the lane ordering of the SuperSpeed lanes, and finally the USB protocol makes the CC

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Through this, it eschews the need for USB3 hubs in every USB4 router that can and will limit the throughput. It allows multiple separate USB3 Gen T tunnels even over shared links. Since it is an end-to-end tunnel, every USB4 hub will support passing it through. USB3 Gen T is intended as exclusively

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Thunderbolt 3 Gen 2 and Gen 3 and the USB4 Gen 2 and Gen 3 modes use very similar signaling, however, Thunderbolt 3 runs at slightly higher speeds called legacy speeds compared to rounded speeds of USB4. It is driven slightly faster at 10.3125 Gbit/s (for Gen 2) and 20.625 Gbit/s

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USB-IF intends only for the new, bandwidth-based logos and names to be used with consumers. And for cables, the type (passive, active) and the highest supported bandwidth are usually enough to uniquely identify a cable and its supported features. Although some active types make clear distinctions

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USB commonly defines a "Lane" as a (bidirectional) connection, which for all recent transmission modes consists of one sending and one receiving wire-pair. The "Gen AxB" notation refers to B Lanes of operation mode A. Since Gen 4 modes also introduced asymmetric connections with uneven numbers of

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Thunderbolt 5 is an implementation of USB4 "80 Gbps". It mandates even higher minimum PCIe ("64 Gbps") and DP capabilities (2 DP tunnels, "6K60 each", unclear min. DP speed). It also mandates support for asymmetric 120 / 40 Gbit/s connections from hosts to docks but does not mention the reverse.

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layer and encoding of the underlying connection standard and potentially losslessly compresses the contents, for example by leaving out empty filler data. A USB4 tunnel itself is virtual and need not conform to any fixed bandwidth or other limitations that stem from the Phy/Electric layer of the

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Accordingly, single-hop tunnels require specific support in each USB4 router to support even passing them through to further USB4 routers. End-to-end tunnels however only require specific support at the USB4 router where the data is ingested into the tunnel and at the target, the point where the

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USB4 was announced in March 2019. The USB4 specification version 1.0, released 29 August 2019, uses "Universal Serial Bus 4" and specifically "USB4", that is, the short name branding is deliberate without a separating space, which is different from prior versions. Several news reports before the

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A Protocol Input Adapter will ingest a connection according to whatever protocol it is based on and convert the contents into a USB4 tunnel. Protocol Output Adapters do the reverse. They extract a tunnel from the USB4 network and if needed recreate a regular connection from the tunnel contents.

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The USB4 specification makes no explicit demands on power output. It outsources all requirements in terms of power to the Type-C specification that underpins all USB, Vesa and other standards that use the USB-C connector. This requires a USB4 DFP to supply at least 7.5W Type-C current. No power

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Around the release of the new USB4 Version 2.0 specification, USB-IF also transitioned to new logos and names to simplify representing the maximum supported speeds (and wattages) to consumers. The new names are unified across all USB standards and removed the prior, explicit distinction between

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The Type-C standard supports cable backward / downward compatibility in many situations. The compatibility typically only breaks between the different families of standards (USB&2.0, USB 3.2, USB4). The USB4 standard mandates that classic active or hybrid active cables still have vast

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Active cables may have additional complications, because the active electronics do not need to operate all high speed wire-pairs in the same direction for normal USB operations (but "80 Gbps" cables are mandated to support asymmetric connections, which includes at least some of the wire-pairs

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The Type-C specification does not name specific DP speeds that it considers supported for passive cables and support is optional for active cables. The USB-C presentation on DP Alt mode calls out passive full-featured USB-C cables for their DisplayPort support and headroom for future DP speed

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The USB4 specification states that a design goal is to "Retain compatibility with existing ecosystem of USB and Thunderbolt products." Compatibility with Thunderbolt 3 is required for USB4 hubs; it is optional for USB4 hosts and USB4 peripheral devices. Compatible products need to implement

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Similarly to how USB 3.x defined the new SuperSpeed protocols for faster connections, but also mandated that any USB3 port still include the pins and functionality for the previous USB2 connections, the USB4 specification describes 2 different aspects. The first one is what type of existing

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family currently defines 3 different speeds (Low-, Full-, High-Speed), all are required to be supported. The newest available version of this specification is USB 2.0 Rev. 2.0. USB 2.0 abilities uses separate wires on the Type-C connector that are not used by USB 3.2 or USB4

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USB4 Version 2.0 removes this bottleneck (mandatory for all implementers), by defining how a larger PCIe packet can be split across multiple USB4 packets. Support for this new feature requires every USB4 component / controller involved in the PCIe tunnel to implement USB4 Version 2.0.

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Goals stated in the USB4 specification are increasing bandwidth, helping to converge the USB-C connector ecosystem, and "minimize end-user confusion". Some of the key areas to achieve this are using a single USB-C connector type, while retaining compatibility with existing USB and

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Transmission modes such as Gen2x2 are also irrelevant to cables, as valid cables are either full-featured, having all the high speed wire-pairs for up to dual-lane connections at the stated speed or they are USB2-only or some other specific and restrictive type as listed below.

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USB4 Gen 4 is normally referred to as a speed of "40 Gbps" or 40 Gbit/s, with the full connections based on it being referred to as 80, 120/40, 40/120 Gbit/s. But since the actual signaling no longer is binary, the actual raw bit rates no longer match those numbers exactly.

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The Gen 4 transmission mode, with PAM-3 uses very different signaling to previous modes. Every active components needs to explicitly support this new signaling. But it stays within all signal quality requirements of existing, passive Gen 3 cables (USB4 and TB3).

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USB4 Hubs and Docks are defined as their own category of USB4 devices, that include further requirements. For example, a USB4 Hub must also serve as a classic USB 3.2 hub with DP Alt mode passthrough with hosts that do not support USB4 connections. See

356:, which was designed to be multifunctional and reversable, the term "host" port does not accurately reflect the situation. This is better denoted as a downward facing port (DFP). The peripheral side can similarly be described as upward facing port (UFP). 547:

virtual, there exists no physical equivalent for it. Thus, it can only be used inside of a USB4 controller. This allows it to leave the limitations to 10 or 20 Gbit/s connections of USB 3.2 behind, while reusing most of the other parts of the

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USB4 Specification V1.0 August 2019 Chapter 13: "A USB4 host and USB4 peripheral device may optionally support TBT3-Compatibility. If a USB4 host or USB4 peripheral device supports TBT3-Compatibility, it shall do so as defined in this

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The USB4 specifications make no reference to a minimum feature set for its DP Alt Mode functionality. It seems any support is enough. Although in practice, Intel's family of TB4 controllers support up to HBR3 speeds according to the

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underlying connection standard. But since most tunnel types will eventually be converted back to a regular, physical connection again, most of those physical limitations, like max. bandwidth are still likely to apply in the end.

532:. The minimum supported speed for the USB3 connection being tunneled is 10 Gbit/s as every USB4 device already has to support this speed and USB3 Hubs handle converting this to 5 Gbit/s devices that may be connected. 580:

DP tunneling has great understanding of the contents of DP connections, and will efficiently skip/transmit any filler data, reducing the actually utilized bandwidth of a DP tunnel. But since DP connections have

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TB4 & TB5 cables up to 2m length (active & passive) are "universal cables", including DP support. DP guarantees may only include the highest speeds covered by DP 1.4 for TB4 (HBR3) or DP 2.1 for TB5

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USB4 Gen 2 is different from USB3 Gen 2. They both signify the same signal rate of 10 Gbit/s, but use different encoding and differ on the electrical layer. They also have different requirements for signal

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Thunderbolt 4 is an implementation of USB4 "40 Gbps". It mandates some features that are optional in USB4 and mandates minimum PCIe ("32 Gbps") and DP capabilities (2 DP tunnels, "4K60 each", HBR3+DSC).

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USB4 is required to support dual-lane modes, but it uses single-lane operations during initialization of a dual-lane link; single-lane link can also be used as a fallback mode in case of a lane bonding

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Brad Saunders, CEO of the USB Promoter Group, anticipates that most PCs with USB4 will support Thunderbolt 3, but for phones the manufacturers are less likely to implement Thunderbolt 3 support.

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SuperSpeed pairs. Lane one uses TX1+, TX1−, RX1+, RX1− and lane two uses TX2+, TX2−, RX2+, RX2−. USB4 transfers signals at 20 Gbit/s per lane. USB4 also keeps the differential D+ and D− for

490:(between 2 routers). In this case the tunnel will be "unpacked" by the recipient and will use some other, tunnel type specific means to identify where the data needs to be sent next. If the next 2386:

Anandtech reports that "this also means that DP Alt Mode 2.0 should largely work with USB4-compliant cables, although VESA is being careful to avoid promising compatibility with all cables".

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Similar to USB3 Gen X tunneling, PCIe tunneling uses single-hop tunnels, requiring PCIe switches in every USB4 router that supports PCIe tunneling. USB4 has, from the start, referenced the

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USB3 Gen T tunneling has defined bandwidth options. They match the total USB4 speed numbers 10,20,40,80 and even asymmetric 40/120,120/40 connections. USB4 v2 specification, p536, tab.9-19

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of at least 20 gigabits (Gbit/s). The current version allows bit rates of 40 Gbit/s (since USB4 version 1.0) and 80 Gbit/s (since USB4 version 2.0). USB4 is only defined for the

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release of that version use the terminology "USB 4.0" and "USB 4". Even after publication of rev. 1.0, some sources write "USB 4", claiming "to reflect the way readers search".

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connections. USB4, just as USB 3.2 before provides a parallel USB 2.0 connection to be present on the same cable to support backwards compatibility to USB 2.0 modes.

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DisplayPort is also tunneled as end-to-end connection. There can be multiple independent DP tunnels, but each will be delivered to a single protocol output adapter (at which point

2885:(Rembrandt) processors will support USB4 and released products do have this feature after a chipset driver update. However, AMD has only announced support for USB 3.2 Gen 2x2 in 2341:

The Apple TB3 Pro cable is one of the few active TB3 cables that supports DP and USB3. It is unclear if that is special behavior or the cable would be compatible to USB4 as well.

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This means, that a USB4 Hub will share a single upstream USB3 connection and distribute its bandwidth across all its downstream facing ports that make use of USB3 connections.

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Per spec, lines run at 25.6 GBaud. One symbol contains 1 trit of information. Encoding transforms each group of 11 bits into 7 trits. 7 trits give 2187 different values or

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connections. The dynamic sharing of bandwidth of a USB4 connection is achieved by carrying virtualized "tunnels" of other connections. This includes tunneling of USB3 and

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Any downward facing USB4 port is required to also implement USB 2.0, USB 3.2 and DP Alt mode support. Each according to their own specifications. As such a USB4

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40 Gbit/s mode, at least 15 W of supplied power, and the different clock; implementers need to sign the license agreement and register a Vendor ID with Intel.

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Even for "80 Gbps" USB4 hubs, supporting asymmetric connections (in either direction) is optional, but 80 Gbit/s support is a prerequisite for any asymmetric support.

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No specific max. DP speed guaranteed by Type-C specification. There are different implementations of active cable implementations that may behave differently.

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Maximum cable lengths are not normative, but simply estimates of the USB specification, based on the expected physical limits of conventional copper cables.

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There are Linear Redrivers and ReTimers available that are advertised for USB4 Gen 3 speeds and all current DP speeds up to UHBR20 and including UHBR13.5.

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connector and its Type-C specification regulates the connector, cables and also power delivery features across all uses of USB-C cables, in part with the

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service lists USB Gen 1 cables ("5 Gbps") as supporting UHBR10 speeds, which would fit for having the same requirements as USB4 "20 Gbps" connections.

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USB3 Gen 1x2 connection requires both sides to be USB3 "20 Gbps" / Gen 2x2 capable, but fail to establish Gen 2 / 10 Gbit/s per wire-pair connections.

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Thunderbolt 3 switched over to using the new Type-C connector and also added backwards compatibility for USB connections and power transfer features.

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As with USB3, USB2 connection runs on separate wires from main (USB3/USB4) connection. Tunneling is not required as it runs in parallel on the cable.

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USB4 Gen 2 has less strict signal requirements than USB 3 Gen 2. Spec compliant USB3 Gen 1 cables should support USB4 Gen 2 / 20 Gbit/s connections

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This is an optional alternative to USB3 Gen X tunneling that was introduced in USB4 Version 2.0. It is an end-to-end variant of USB3 Gen X tunnel.

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At time of publication of version 1.0, promoter companies having employees that participated in the USB4 Specification technical work group were:

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Other specifications are referenced to define the contents and internal functionality of a tunnel. USB4 defines the following tunnel types:

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processors that were released in September 2022. Intel supports Thunderbolt 3 and USB-C with the mobile 9th generation processors in 2019.

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the peripheral to only support exactly those USB4 features that it has uses for, potentially simplifying its implementation considerably.

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A USB4-based dock is defined as a USB4 hub that also has more specialized outputs like HDMI or DP, but still keeping some USB4 DFP.

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USB4 has 24 pins in a symmetrical USB type C shell. USB4 has 12 A pins on the top and 12 B pins on the bottom.

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is another USB4 router, the data will be ingested again into the next single-hop tunnel until it exits the USB4 network.

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Windows HLK requires any USB4 port support PCIe tunneling and TB3 compatibility. No minimum PCIe bandwidth requirements.

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T tunneling", removed PCIe overhead limitations and updated the support of DisplayPort to the then current Version 2.1.

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There is only a single non-SuperSpeed differential pair in the cable. This pin is not connected in the plug/cable.

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connections. It also allowed the static sharing of bandwidth between DP and USB connections over the same cable.

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connector in 2014 provided a connector that could support both USB data connectivity, power transfer as well as

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protocol; however, interoperability with Thunderbolt 3 products is mandatory only for select USB4 device types.

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PCIe tunneling has had a significant limitation in USB4 Version 1.0 and also Thunderbolt 3: PCIe Express has a

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announced new Type-C power (PD) controllers supporting USB4, CCG6DF as dual port and CCG6SF as single-port.

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The USB4 specification makes no requirements on the minimum speed or capabilities of any DP output.

189:), sometimes erroneously referred to as USB 4.0, is the most recent technical specification of the 3894: 3565: 3581:

When connected to USB-C devices, the data rate can reach 10 Gbps (0.5m & 1m) and 5 Gbps (2m).

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Ethernet/Network connections according to the included USB4Net and Cross-Domain specifications.

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can also be tunneled, even without a way to access these directly, directly from USB4 ports.

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by old TB3 equipment predating the existence of USB4. This was fixed with a later revision.

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wire-pairs dedicated to sending and receiving, the Lane-notation is no longer applicable.

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No known USB4 controller implements support for Gen T tunneling to date (August 2024).

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specifications. The overlap in naming mainly becomes relevant for cables as shown in

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it is a mere container that can contain multiple "tunnels" / virtual connections.

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USB4 Version 1.0 only defines how to tunnel DP connections according to the

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harvnb error: no target: CITEREFType-C_Cable_and_Connector_Specification (

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upgraded to USB4 Version 2.0 support including 80 Gbit/s around March 2024

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connections and compatibility a USB4 port guarantees. Since USB4 uses the

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and PCIe connections over a single cable. Thunderbolt originally used the

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USB4 enables multiple devices to dynamically share a single high-speed

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Overview of passive and active Type-C cables and their USB4 support

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USB4 also incorporates some elements and shares principles with the

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increases. HBR3 was the highest available DP speed at this time.

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processors, with more devices appearing around the end of 2020.

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configuration channel responsible for entering USB4 operation.

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products. The first products compatible with USB4 were Intel's

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This is a single-hop tunnel that essentially can transport any

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provided a way to dynamically share bandwidth between multiple

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USB4 Gen3x2 cable (40 Gbps) with 100 W Power Delivery

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Total data rate (1 direction) with encoding overhead removed.

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USB4 Version 2.0 Specification Connection Manager Guide 2023

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No specific max. DP speed guaranteed by Type-C specification

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The conversion into a tunnel typically entails removing any

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USB4 Version 2.0 Specification Inter-Domain Service 2023

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Optional features of USB 80Gbps connections and devices.

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The USB4 standard mandates backwards compatibility to

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is backwards compatible to all previous USB devices.

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might be used to further split each connection up).

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Cable naming and relation to specification versions

1287: 4507:Current USB specifications can be downloaded from 1248: 421: 2344:"Apple now sells a $ 129 Thunderbolt 3 Pro cable" 2315: 2313: 1658: 501: 208:. USB4 devices must support a data communication 4791: 3652:"Corning Thunderbolt™ 3 Optical Cable (40 Gb/s)" 3530:"How to Beat the Maximum USB Cable Length Limit" 2793: 2727:USB 2.0 differential pair, position 2, positive 2716:USB 2.0 differential pair, position 2, negative 2571:USB 2.0 differential pair, position 1, negative 2328: 2326: 442:, at least with the minimum speed of 20 Gbit/s. 439: 278:connections and did not support power transfer. 3676:"VESA – DisplayPortTM Alternate Mode on USB-C®" 3363: 3361: 3156:"USB Promoter Group Announces USB4 Version 2.0" 3059:"With USB 4, Thunderbolt and USB will converge" 2255: 1630: 1628: 3895:"USB4 devices are clear to roll out next year" 3700:"Intel Thunderbolt 4™ Announcement Press Deck" 2774:SuperSpeed differential pair #3, TX, positive 2763:SuperSpeed differential pair #3, TX, negative 2680:SuperSpeed differential pair #2, RX, negative 2669:SuperSpeed differential pair #2, RX, positive 2618:SuperSpeed differential pair #4, RX, positive 2607:SuperSpeed differential pair #4, RX, negative 2521:SuperSpeed differential pair #1, TX, negative 2510:SuperSpeed differential pair #1, TX, positive 2310: 1302: 597:and with USB4 Version 2.0 added references to 346: 274:connector and was only backward compatible to 4540: 3950:"Intel Thunderbolt 4 Announcement Press Deck" 3752:"VESA Releases DisplayPort 2.1 Specification" 3593:Type-C Cable and Connector Specification 2023 3553:Type-C Cable and Connector Specification 2023 3517:Type-C Cable and Connector Specification 2023 3477:Type-C Cable and Connector Specification 2023 3283:Type-C Cable and Connector Specification 2023 2934:Type-C Cable and Connector Specification 2023 2323: 1651: 1649: 1200: 1198: 1138:Names according to the newest specifications. 484: 3368:USB Trademark Requirements Chart from USB-IF 3358: 2392: 2076: 1667: 1625: 1298: 1123: 1097: 1079: 1070: 1065: 1054: 959: 909: 846: 623:Signaling refers to the lowest layer of the 608: 529: 458: 423: 402: 385: 368: 360: 4469:"USB 3.2 Revision 1.1 - June 2022 | USB-IF" 4326: 2335: 1710: 1268: 1266: 1141: 679: 670: 400: 4547: 4533: 3922: 3445: 2280: 2278: 2276: 1646: 1195: 1167: 3082: 2899: 2379:2.1 specification (up to UHBR20 speeds). 1316: 1208: 1181: 1179: 1132: 4123:"Introducing the next generation of Mac" 2945:Type-C Cable and Connector Specification 2560:differential pair, position 1, positive 2449: 2264: 1263: 636: 445: 397:are mandatory for USB4 DFPs to support. 173: 4278: 4233: 3111: 3109: 2273: 1637: 1297:A USB4 hub is defined by having 1 USB4 618: 538: 518: 383: 366: 4792: 3631:"How to select a Thunderbolt 3 cable?" 3211: 3115: 2454:Type-C receptacle pinout (end-on view) 1680: 1176: 599:PCI Express Specification Revision 5.0 239:connections. Other protocols, such as 4528: 4259: 4062: 3454:"USB4 Systems PCIe Tunneling Support" 3452:windows-driver-content (2022-05-18). 3295:USB Power Delivery Specification 2023 2964:USB Power Delivery Specification 2023 2295: 1981: 1946: 1909: 1866: 1249:{\displaystyle log_{2}3\approx 1.585} 1103: 1074: 438:Every USB4 port must support the new 4065:"USB Type-C's Configuration Channel" 3379:Team GraniteRiverLabs (2023-01-17). 3194:. USB Implementers Forum. 2022-10-18 3106: 2998: 1185:USB4 Gen 2 & 3 can use optional 595:PCI Express Specification Revision 4 528:Gen 2x1) is mandatory on every USB4 4354:"USB4® Specification v2.0 | USB-IF" 3440:USB4 Version 2.0 Specification 2023 3410:"How to Test and Troubleshoot USB4" 3353:USB4 Version 2.0 Specification 2023 3329:USB4 Version 2.0 Specification 2023 3317:USB4 Version 2.0 Specification 2023 2987:USB4 Version 2.0 Specification 2023 2975:USB4 Version 2.0 Specification 2023 2906:USB4 Version 2.0 Specification 2023 2845: 2809: 1701:"Certified USB SuperSpeed+ 10 Gbps" 1258:USB4 Version 2.0 Specification 2023 286: 275: 267: 236: 201:originally announced USB4 in 2019. 13: 4203: 3923:Maislinger, Florian (2019-06-14). 3118:"USB 4: Everything We Know So Far" 3085:"USB 4.0 Will Arrive in Late 2020" 2366:DP Alt Mode support of USB4 cables 2224: 2191: 2054: 2021: 1765: 1308: 416:DisplayPort Alt Mode specification 14: 4811: 4491: 3083:Hagedoorn, Hilbert (2019-06-13). 2860:In November 2020, Apple unveiled 588: 4451:"USB 2.0 Specification | USB-IF" 2436: 2412: 2403: 2246: 2225: 2192: 2055: 2022: 1766: 1512: 1288:USB4 capabilities by device type 1021: 983: 933: 875: 815: 780: 740: 453:USB4 capabilities by device type 433: 27: 4298: 4287:from the original on 2022-07-26 4272: 4253: 4242:from the original on 2022-06-25 4227: 4216:from the original on 2021-12-06 4197: 4173: 4162:from the original on 2021-11-03 4144: 4133:from the original on 2021-03-01 4115: 4104:from the original on 2021-11-02 4086: 4075:from the original on 2022-04-05 4056: 4045:from the original on 2022-04-14 4027: 4016:from the original on 2022-09-10 3998: 3970: 3942: 3931:from the original on 2021-11-24 3916: 3905:from the original on 2021-11-24 3887: 3876:from the original on 2021-11-24 3862: 3852: 3831: 3806: 3785: 3764: 3744: 3716: 3692: 3668: 3644: 3623: 3598: 3586: 3558: 3546: 3522: 3510: 3482: 3470: 3433: 3422:from the original on 2022-09-10 3402: 3391:from the original on 2023-02-21 3372: 3346: 3334: 3322: 3310: 3299: 3288: 3276: 3252: 3241: 3230: 3205: 3177: 3166:from the original on 2022-09-02 3148: 3139: 3128:from the original on 2021-06-30 3095:from the original on 2021-10-26 3076: 3065:from the original on 2022-09-10 3051: 3040:from the original on 2022-01-15 3011:from the original on 2021-10-23 2636:Type-C receptacle B pin layout 2477:Type-C receptacle A pin layout 1459:USB3 Gen T (variable bandwidth) 664:Wire-pairs sending / receiving 557: 16:Technical standard in computing 3022: 2992: 2980: 2968: 2957: 2938: 2927: 2910: 2830:, released on 12 November 2020 2821:5.6, released on 29 March 2020 1501:Host-to-Host communications / 643:Comparison of signaling modes 571:DisplayPort 1.4a specification 525:Enhanced SuperSpeed connection 502:Protocol input/output adapters 412:DisplayPort 1.4a specification 1: 4432:"USB Power Delivery | USB-IF" 4279:Bonshor, Gavin (2022-05-23). 2892: 1549:USB3 "20 Gbps" (Gen 2x2) 1535:USB3 "10 Gbps" (Gen 2x1) 1445:USB3 "20 Gbps" (Gen 2x2) 1431:USB3 "10 Gbps" (Gen 2x1) 605:variable maximum payload size 575:DisplayPort 2.1 specification 168:120/40 Gbit/s asymmetric 4063:Leung, Benson (2018-11-19). 3633:. chargerlab.com. 2019-05-11 3116:Piltch, Avram (2021-04-20). 2999:Hill, Brandon (2019-03-04). 2068:Gen 2 only (10 / 20 Gbit/s) 1521:USB3 "5 Gbps" (Gen 1x1) 549:Enhanced SuperSpeed protocol 422:Power Transfer features for 7: 4260:Klotz, Aaron (2022-06-28). 4234:Cutress, Ian (2022-01-04). 3978:"Thunderbolt 5™ Press Deck" 3724:"Thunderbolt 5™ Press Deck" 3490:"USB Branding Session 2019" 3387:. GraniteRiverLabs Taiwan. 2977:, p1, sec. 1.5, p12, sec. 2 2134:only 5 Gbit/s when > 1m 1733:Expected max. cable length 1292: 347:Functionality of USB4 ports 10: 4816: 3248:USB 3.1 Specification 2022 3237:USB 2.0 Specification 2024 3212:Porter, Jon (2022-09-30). 2878:featuring two USB4 ports. 2396: 2296:Leung, Benson (May 2023). 2226: 2193: 2056: 2023: 1767: 1594:Thunderbolt Alternate Mode 1580:DisplayPort Alternate Mode 1565:(Low-, Full-, High-Speed) 485:General principles of USB4 257: 4741: 4710: 4653: 4607: 4562: 3985:thunderbolttechnology.net 3957:thunderbolttechnology.net 3731:thunderbolttechnology.net 2778: 2767: 2756: 2742: 2731: 2720: 2709: 2698: 2684: 2673: 2662: 2651: 2646: 2643: 2640: 2622: 2611: 2600: 2586: 2575: 2564: 2550: 2539: 2525: 2514: 2503: 2492: 2487: 2484: 2481: 2445: 2393:Thunderbolt compatibility 2142: 2139: 2115: 2096: 2081: 2073: 2067: 2064: 2061: 1972: 1928: 1834: 1807: 1787: 1738: 1735: 1732: 1729: 1726: 1723: 1720: 1517: 1427: 1414:"40/120 Gbps" (Gen 4 1:3) 1400:"120/40 Gbps" (Gen 4 3:1) 1351: 1339: 1336: 1333: 1330: 1044: 1035: 1008: 997: 994: 944: 894: 891: 883: 826: 748: 691: 684: 675: 666: 663: 658: 655: 652: 647: 459:USB4 protocol/connections 161: 158: 153: 150: 145: 140: 137: 132: 129: 124: 117: 114: 109: 106: 99: 96: 91: 86: 79: 76: 61: 58: 53: 50: 45: 38: 35: 26: 4728:USB flash drive security 4327:Specification References 3385:www.graniteriverlabs.com 2199:(longest available: 3m) 1922:(USB 10Gbps deprecated) 1913:active / hybrid optical 1873:(passive TB4 & TB5) 1845:(USB 10Gbps deprecated) 1711:USB4 cable compatibility 1190:forward error correction 281:The introduction of the 4554: 3355:, p660, sec. 11.1.1.1.3 2399:Thunderbolt (interface) 2350:. The Verge. 2020-07-27 1386:"80 Gbps" (Gen 4 symm.) 700:total (per direction) 689:current marketing name 577:(up to UHBR20 speeds). 474:DisplayPort connections 193:(Universal Serial Bus) 4568:USB Implementers Forum 4503:USB4 Taxonomy | USB-IF 2814:USB4 is supported by: 2738:Configuration channel 2546:Configuration channel 2461:USB4 has two lanes of 2455: 2216:Thunderbolt 3 optical 2116:Thunderbolt 3 passive 1317:USB4 peripheral device 1250: 583:real-time requirements 199:USB Implementers Forum 187:Universal Serial Bus 4 179: 4185:support.microsoft.com 3442:, p17ff, sec. 2.1.1.4 2881:AMD also stated that 2855:Cypress Semiconductor 2453: 2183:Thunderbolt 3 active 1608:Other Alternate Modes 1326:USB4 feature support 1301:and one or more USB4 1251: 1060:Gen 4 asymmetric 1:3 1030:Gen 4 asymmetric 3:1 992:Gen 4 symmetric 960:(transient/fallback) 910:(transient/fallback) 446:USB4 hubs & docks 177: 64:; 5 years ago 4515:Podcast with Jit Lim 4035:"USB4 Specification" 3610:archive.caldigit.com 3160:www.businesswire.com 2122:TB Logo without "3" 1218: 731:0.480 (half-duplex) 728:0.480 (half-duplex) 653:Signaling mode name 619:USB4 signaling modes 539:USB3 Gen T tunneling 519:USB3 Gen X tunneling 3570:kb.cablematters.com 3458:learn.microsoft.com 2876:Mac mini (M1, 2020) 2872:(13-inch, M1, 2020) 2705:Sideband use (SBU) 2637: 2582:Sideband use (SBU) 2478: 1949:act./hybr. optical 1730:Max. USB4 bit rate 1717: 1681:Cable compatibility 1372:"40 Gbps" (Gen 3x2) 1358:"20 Gbps" (Gen 2x2) 1327: 644: 637:Cable Compatibility 317:Renesas Electronics 62:29 August 2019 23: 4156:docs.microsoft.com 3534:blog.tripplite.com 2635: 2476: 2456: 2110:(asymm. optional) 1877:Gen 3 & Gen 4 1715: 1340:Peripheral device 1325: 1246: 642: 455:for more details. 321:STMicroelectronics 218:USB Power Delivery 195:data communication 180: 133:48 V (PD 3.1) 54:USB Promoter Group 46:Production history 21: 4787: 4786: 4754:Ethernet over USB 4749:Enhanced mini-USB 4210:www.anandtech.com 3681:. 2019-11-19. p23 3499:. 2020-02-07. p16 2989:, p15, sec. 2.1.5 2947:, p216f, sec. 4.6 2853:On 3 March 2020, 2789: 2788: 2633: 2632: 2251: 2250: 1621: 1620: 1128: 1127: 325:Texas Instruments 172: 171: 4807: 4598: 4591: 4584: 4577: 4570: 4549: 4542: 4535: 4526: 4525: 4483: 4481: 4480: 4464: 4462: 4461: 4446: 4444: 4443: 4425: 4423: 4422: 4406: 4404: 4403: 4387: 4385: 4384: 4368: 4366: 4365: 4349: 4347: 4346: 4320: 4319: 4317: 4316: 4302: 4296: 4295: 4293: 4292: 4276: 4270: 4269: 4257: 4251: 4250: 4248: 4247: 4231: 4225: 4224: 4222: 4221: 4201: 4195: 4194: 4192: 4191: 4177: 4171: 4170: 4168: 4167: 4148: 4142: 4141: 4139: 4138: 4119: 4113: 4112: 4110: 4109: 4090: 4084: 4083: 4081: 4080: 4060: 4054: 4053: 4051: 4050: 4031: 4025: 4024: 4022: 4021: 4010:Total Phase Blog 4002: 3996: 3995: 3993: 3992: 3982: 3974: 3968: 3967: 3965: 3964: 3954: 3946: 3940: 3939: 3937: 3936: 3920: 3914: 3913: 3911: 3910: 3891: 3885: 3884: 3882: 3881: 3866: 3860: 3856: 3850: 3849: 3847: 3846: 3835: 3829: 3828: 3826: 3825: 3810: 3804: 3803: 3801: 3800: 3789: 3783: 3782: 3780: 3779: 3768: 3762: 3761: 3759: 3758: 3748: 3742: 3741: 3739: 3738: 3728: 3720: 3714: 3713: 3711: 3710: 3705:. Intel. p9, p13 3704: 3696: 3690: 3689: 3687: 3686: 3680: 3672: 3666: 3665: 3663: 3662: 3656: 3648: 3642: 3641: 3639: 3638: 3627: 3621: 3620: 3618: 3617: 3602: 3596: 3595:, p246, fig. 5-1 3590: 3584: 3583: 3578: 3577: 3562: 3556: 3550: 3544: 3543: 3541: 3540: 3526: 3520: 3514: 3508: 3507: 3505: 3504: 3494: 3486: 3480: 3474: 3468: 3467: 3465: 3464: 3449: 3443: 3437: 3431: 3430: 3428: 3427: 3421: 3414: 3406: 3400: 3399: 3397: 3396: 3376: 3370: 3365: 3356: 3350: 3344: 3338: 3332: 3326: 3320: 3314: 3308: 3303: 3297: 3292: 3286: 3280: 3274: 3273: 3271: 3270: 3256: 3250: 3245: 3239: 3234: 3228: 3227: 3225: 3224: 3209: 3203: 3202: 3200: 3199: 3189: 3181: 3175: 3174: 3172: 3171: 3152: 3146: 3143: 3137: 3136: 3134: 3133: 3113: 3104: 3103: 3101: 3100: 3080: 3074: 3073: 3071: 3070: 3055: 3049: 3048: 3046: 3045: 3026: 3020: 3019: 3017: 3016: 2996: 2990: 2984: 2978: 2972: 2966: 2961: 2955: 2954: 2942: 2936: 2931: 2925: 2924: 2922: 2914: 2908: 2903: 2846:Hardware support 2810:Software support 2803: 2800: 2638: 2634: 2615:SSRXp2 ("RX2+") 2604:SSRXn2 ("RX2-") 2518:SSTXn1 ("TX1-") 2507:SSTXp1 ("TX1+") 2479: 2475: 2359: 2358: 2356: 2355: 2339: 2333: 2330: 2321: 2317: 2308: 2307: 2305: 2304: 2291: 2285: 2282: 2271: 2268: 2262: 2259: 2229: 2228: 2196: 2195: 2084: 2065:only if optical 2059: 2058: 2045: 2026: 2025: 1984:act./hybr. opt. 1983: 1948: 1911: 1868: 1770: 1769: 1727:Marketing names 1718: 1714: 1674: 1671: 1665: 1662: 1656: 1653: 1644: 1641: 1635: 1632: 1503:USB4 Networking 1328: 1324: 1304: 1300: 1273: 1270: 1261: 1255: 1253: 1252: 1247: 1236: 1235: 1212: 1206: 1202: 1193: 1183: 1174: 1171: 1165: 1161: 1148: 1145: 1139: 1136: 1105: 1076: 1025: 987: 937: 879: 819: 784: 744: 681: 672: 645: 641: 610: 531: 477:PCIe connections 471:USB3 connections 425: 404: 387: 370: 362: 354:Type-C connector 288: 277: 269: 238: 72: 70: 65: 31: 24: 20: 4815: 4814: 4810: 4809: 4808: 4806: 4805: 4804: 4790: 4789: 4788: 4783: 4737: 4706: 4692:Human interface 4649: 4603: 4594: 4587: 4580: 4573: 4566: 4558: 4553: 4494: 4488: 4486: 4478: 4476: 4459: 4457: 4441: 4439: 4420: 4418: 4401: 4399: 4382: 4380: 4363: 4361: 4344: 4342: 4329: 4324: 4323: 4314: 4312: 4304: 4303: 4299: 4290: 4288: 4277: 4273: 4258: 4254: 4245: 4243: 4232: 4228: 4219: 4217: 4204:Shilov, Anton. 4202: 4198: 4189: 4187: 4179: 4178: 4174: 4165: 4163: 4150: 4149: 4145: 4136: 4134: 4121: 4120: 4116: 4107: 4105: 4092: 4091: 4087: 4078: 4076: 4061: 4057: 4048: 4046: 4033: 4032: 4028: 4019: 4017: 4004: 4003: 3999: 3990: 3988: 3980: 3976: 3975: 3971: 3962: 3960: 3952: 3948: 3947: 3943: 3934: 3932: 3921: 3917: 3908: 3906: 3893: 3892: 3888: 3879: 3877: 3868: 3867: 3863: 3857: 3853: 3844: 3842: 3837: 3836: 3832: 3823: 3821: 3812: 3811: 3807: 3798: 3796: 3791: 3790: 3786: 3777: 3775: 3770: 3769: 3765: 3756: 3754: 3750: 3749: 3745: 3736: 3734: 3726: 3722: 3721: 3717: 3708: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3697: 3693: 3684: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3673: 3669: 3660: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3649: 3645: 3636: 3634: 3629: 3628: 3624: 3615: 3613: 3604: 3603: 3599: 3591: 3587: 3575: 3573: 3564: 3563: 3559: 3551: 3547: 3538: 3536: 3528: 3527: 3523: 3515: 3511: 3502: 3500: 3492: 3488: 3487: 3483: 3475: 3471: 3462: 3460: 3450: 3446: 3438: 3434: 3425: 3423: 3419: 3412: 3408: 3407: 3403: 3394: 3392: 3377: 3373: 3366: 3359: 3351: 3347: 3343:, p59, sec. 6.1 3339: 3335: 3327: 3323: 3315: 3311: 3304: 3300: 3293: 3289: 3285:, p244 sec. 5.3 3281: 3277: 3268: 3266: 3258: 3257: 3253: 3246: 3242: 3235: 3231: 3222: 3220: 3210: 3206: 3197: 3195: 3187: 3183: 3182: 3178: 3169: 3167: 3154: 3153: 3149: 3144: 3140: 3131: 3129: 3114: 3107: 3098: 3096: 3081: 3077: 3068: 3066: 3057: 3056: 3052: 3043: 3041: 3028: 3027: 3023: 3014: 3012: 2997: 2993: 2985: 2981: 2973: 2969: 2962: 2958: 2948: 2943: 2939: 2932: 2928: 2920: 2916: 2915: 2911: 2904: 2900: 2895: 2848: 2812: 2807: 2806: 2801: 2794: 2749: 2691: 2593: 2532: 2448: 2439: 2415: 2406: 2401: 2395: 2368: 2363: 2362: 2353: 2351: 2342: 2340: 2336: 2331: 2324: 2318: 2311: 2302: 2300: 2292: 2288: 2283: 2274: 2269: 2265: 2260: 2256: 1713: 1696: 1683: 1678: 1677: 1672: 1668: 1663: 1659: 1654: 1647: 1642: 1638: 1633: 1626: 1319: 1311: 1309:USB4-based dock 1295: 1290: 1277: 1276: 1271: 1264: 1260:, p84, sec. 3.2 1231: 1227: 1219: 1216: 1215: 1213: 1209: 1203: 1196: 1184: 1177: 1172: 1168: 1162: 1151: 1146: 1142: 1137: 1133: 1052: 1050: 1048: 1046: 1041: 1039: 1037: 995:USB4 v2.0 892:USB4 v1.0 886: 751: 707: 688: 677: 668: 650: 621: 591: 564:DisplayPort MST 560: 541: 521: 504: 487: 461: 448: 436: 427: 407: 390: 373: 349: 305:Hewlett-Packard 262:Prior to USB4, 260: 220:specification. 167: 165: 163: 68: 66: 63: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4813: 4803: 4802: 4785: 4784: 4782: 4781: 4776: 4771: 4769:Serial adapter 4766: 4761: 4756: 4751: 4745: 4743: 4739: 4738: 4736: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4714: 4712: 4708: 4707: 4705: 4704: 4702:Communications 4699: 4694: 4689: 4688: 4687: 4677: 4676: 4675: 4670: 4659: 4657: 4655:Device classes 4651: 4650: 4648: 4647: 4642: 4637: 4632: 4627: 4622: 4617: 4611: 4609: 4605: 4604: 4602: 4601: 4600: 4599: 4592: 4585: 4571: 4563: 4560: 4559: 4552: 4551: 4544: 4537: 4529: 4523: 4522: 4512: 4505: 4500: 4493: 4492:External Links 4490: 4485: 4484: 4465: 4447: 4428: 4427: 4426: 4407: 4388: 4350: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4322: 4321: 4310:VideoCardz.com 4297: 4271: 4266:Tom's Hardware 4252: 4226: 4196: 4172: 4158:. 2021-09-03. 4143: 4129:. 2020-11-10. 4114: 4085: 4055: 4026: 4012:. 2020-02-18. 3997: 3969: 3941: 3915: 3901:. 2019-09-03. 3886: 3861: 3851: 3830: 3805: 3784: 3763: 3743: 3715: 3691: 3667: 3643: 3622: 3597: 3585: 3557: 3545: 3521: 3519:, p42, Tab 3-1 3509: 3481: 3479:, p261 para. 3 3469: 3444: 3432: 3401: 3371: 3357: 3345: 3333: 3321: 3309: 3298: 3287: 3275: 3251: 3240: 3229: 3204: 3176: 3162:. 2022-09-01. 3147: 3145:USB4 Spec. p.1 3138: 3122:Tom's Hardware 3105: 3075: 3061:. 2019-03-04. 3050: 3021: 2991: 2979: 2967: 2956: 2937: 2926: 2909: 2897: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2847: 2844: 2843: 2842: 2841: 2840: 2831: 2828:Big Sur (11.0) 2822: 2811: 2808: 2805: 2804: 2791: 2790: 2787: 2786: 2785:Ground return 2783: 2780: 2776: 2775: 2772: 2769: 2765: 2764: 2761: 2758: 2754: 2753: 2750: 2747: 2744: 2740: 2739: 2736: 2733: 2729: 2728: 2725: 2722: 2718: 2717: 2714: 2711: 2707: 2706: 2703: 2700: 2696: 2695: 2692: 2689: 2686: 2682: 2681: 2678: 2675: 2671: 2670: 2667: 2664: 2660: 2659: 2658:Ground return 2656: 2653: 2649: 2648: 2645: 2642: 2631: 2630: 2629:Ground return 2627: 2624: 2620: 2619: 2616: 2613: 2609: 2608: 2605: 2602: 2598: 2597: 2594: 2591: 2588: 2584: 2583: 2580: 2577: 2573: 2572: 2569: 2566: 2562: 2561: 2555: 2552: 2548: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2537: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2527: 2523: 2522: 2519: 2516: 2512: 2511: 2508: 2505: 2501: 2500: 2499:Ground return 2497: 2494: 2490: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2447: 2444: 2438: 2435: 2414: 2411: 2405: 2402: 2397:Main article: 2394: 2391: 2367: 2364: 2361: 2360: 2334: 2322: 2309: 2286: 2272: 2263: 2253: 2252: 2249: 2248: 2245: 2242: 2239: 2236: 2233: 2230: 2223: 2222:TB Logo + "3" 2220: 2217: 2213: 2212: 2209: 2206: 2203: 2200: 2197: 2190: 2189:TB Logo + "3" 2187: 2184: 2180: 2179: 2176: 2173: 2170: 2167: 2161: 2160:TB Logo + "3" 2158: 2154: 2153: 2141: 2138: 2135: 2132: 2129: 2126: 2123: 2120: 2117: 2113: 2112: 2106: 2103: 2099: 2098: 2095: 2092: 2089: 2086: 2079: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2063: 2060: 2053: 2050: 2047: 2040: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2020: 2017: 2014: 2010: 2009: 2006: 2003: 2000: 1994: 1991: 1988: 1978: 1977: 1971: 1968: 1965: 1962: 1959: 1956: 1953: 1943: 1942: 1939: 1936: 1933: 1930: 1927: 1924: 1918: 1915: 1906: 1905: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1893: 1890: 1884: 1878: 1875: 1863: 1862: 1859: 1856: 1853: 1850: 1847: 1841: 1837: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1824: 1821: 1818: 1815: 1812: 1808:Full-Featured 1805: 1804: 1786: 1783: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1755: 1754: 1751: 1748: 1745: 1741: 1740: 1737: 1736:Other support 1734: 1731: 1728: 1725: 1722: 1712: 1709: 1695: 1692: 1682: 1679: 1676: 1675: 1666: 1657: 1645: 1636: 1623: 1622: 1619: 1618: 1615: 1612: 1609: 1605: 1604: 1601: 1598: 1595: 1591: 1590: 1587: 1584: 1581: 1577: 1576: 1573: 1570: 1567: 1560: 1559: 1556: 1553: 1550: 1546: 1545: 1542: 1539: 1536: 1532: 1531: 1528: 1525: 1522: 1519: 1515: 1514: 1511: 1508: 1505: 1498: 1497: 1494: 1491: 1488: 1484: 1483: 1480: 1477: 1474: 1470: 1469: 1466: 1463: 1460: 1456: 1455: 1452: 1449: 1446: 1442: 1441: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1429: 1425: 1424: 1421: 1418: 1415: 1411: 1410: 1407: 1404: 1401: 1397: 1396: 1393: 1390: 1387: 1383: 1382: 1379: 1376: 1373: 1369: 1368: 1365: 1362: 1359: 1356: 1349: 1348: 1346: 1342: 1341: 1338: 1335: 1332: 1318: 1315: 1310: 1307: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1275: 1274: 1262: 1245: 1242: 1239: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1223: 1207: 1194: 1175: 1166: 1149: 1140: 1130: 1129: 1126: 1125: 1122: 1119: 1116: 1113: 1110: 1107: 1100: 1099: 1096: 1093: 1090: 1087: 1084: 1081: 1078: 1072: 1068: 1067: 1064: 1061: 1057: 1056: 1053: 1043: 1034: 1031: 1027: 1026: 1019: 1016: 1013: 1010: 1007: 1004: 996: 993: 989: 988: 981: 978: 975: 972: 969: 966: 962: 961: 958: 955: 952: 949: 946: 943: 939: 938: 931: 928: 925: 922: 919: 916: 912: 911: 908: 905: 902: 899: 896: 893: 890: 887: 884: 881: 880: 873: 870: 867: 864: 861: 858: 853: 849: 848: 845: 842: 839: 836: 833: 828: 825: 821: 820: 813: 810: 807: 804: 801: 798: 793: 790: 786: 785: 778: 775: 772: 769: 766: 763: 758: 755: 752: 749: 746: 745: 738: 735: 732: 729: 726: 723: 714: 711: 708: 705: 702: 701: 698: 697:per wire-pair 694: 693: 690: 683: 674: 665: 662: 657: 656:Introduced in 654: 651: 648: 620: 617: 590: 589:PCIe tunneling 587: 559: 556: 540: 537: 520: 517: 512:Phy/Electrical 503: 500: 486: 483: 482: 481: 478: 475: 472: 460: 457: 447: 444: 435: 432: 426: 420: 406: 399: 389: 382: 372: 365: 348: 345: 259: 256: 197:standard. The 170: 169: 166:80 Gbit/s 164:40 Gbit/s 162:20 Gbit/s 160: 156: 155: 152: 148: 147: 143: 142: 139: 135: 134: 131: 127: 126: 122: 121: 116: 112: 111: 108: 104: 103: 98: 94: 93: 90: 84: 83: 78: 74: 73: 60: 56: 55: 52: 48: 47: 43: 42: 37: 33: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4812: 4801: 4798: 4797: 4795: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4746: 4744: 4740: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4718:Juice jacking 4716: 4715: 4713: 4709: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4686: 4683: 4682: 4681: 4678: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4665: 4664: 4661: 4660: 4658: 4656: 4652: 4646: 4645:USB On-The-Go 4643: 4641: 4638: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4628: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4612: 4610: 4606: 4597: 4593: 4590: 4586: 4583: 4579: 4578: 4576: 4572: 4569: 4565: 4564: 4561: 4557: 4550: 4545: 4543: 4538: 4536: 4531: 4530: 4527: 4520: 4516: 4513: 4510: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4498:USB4 | USB-IF 4496: 4495: 4489: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4456: 4452: 4448: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4378: 4374: 4370: 4369: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4340: 4336: 4332: 4331: 4311: 4307: 4301: 4286: 4283:. Anandtech. 4282: 4275: 4267: 4263: 4256: 4241: 4238:. Anandtech. 4237: 4230: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4200: 4186: 4182: 4176: 4161: 4157: 4153: 4147: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4118: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4089: 4074: 4070: 4066: 4059: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4030: 4015: 4011: 4007: 4001: 3986: 3979: 3973: 3958: 3951: 3945: 3930: 3926: 3919: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3890: 3875: 3871: 3865: 3855: 3840: 3834: 3819: 3815: 3809: 3794: 3788: 3773: 3767: 3753: 3747: 3732: 3725: 3719: 3701: 3695: 3677: 3671: 3653: 3647: 3632: 3626: 3611: 3607: 3601: 3594: 3589: 3582: 3571: 3567: 3561: 3555:, p261 sec. 6 3554: 3549: 3535: 3531: 3525: 3518: 3513: 3498: 3491: 3485: 3478: 3473: 3459: 3455: 3448: 3441: 3436: 3418: 3411: 3405: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3375: 3369: 3364: 3362: 3354: 3349: 3342: 3337: 3330: 3325: 3318: 3313: 3307: 3302: 3296: 3291: 3284: 3279: 3265: 3264:www.intel.com 3261: 3255: 3249: 3244: 3238: 3233: 3219: 3215: 3208: 3193: 3186: 3180: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3151: 3142: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3112: 3110: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3079: 3064: 3060: 3054: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3025: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2995: 2988: 2983: 2976: 2971: 2965: 2960: 2952: 2946: 2941: 2935: 2930: 2923:. 2022-10-18. 2919: 2913: 2907: 2902: 2898: 2890: 2888: 2884: 2879: 2877: 2873: 2870: 2866: 2863: 2858: 2856: 2851: 2838: 2837: 2835: 2832: 2829: 2826: 2823: 2820: 2817: 2816: 2815: 2799: 2797: 2792: 2784: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2654: 2650: 2639: 2628: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2495: 2491: 2480: 2474: 2470: 2468: 2464: 2459: 2452: 2443: 2437:Thunderbolt 5 2434: 2430: 2428: 2424: 2423:Thunderbolt 4 2420: 2413:Thunderbolt 4 2410: 2404:Thunderbolt 3 2400: 2390: 2387: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2349: 2345: 2338: 2329: 2327: 2316: 2314: 2299: 2290: 2281: 2279: 2277: 2267: 2258: 2254: 2243: 2240: 2237: 2234: 2231: 2221: 2218: 2215: 2214: 2210: 2207: 2204: 2201: 2198: 2188: 2185: 2182: 2181: 2177: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2166: 2162: 2159: 2156: 2155: 2152: 2149: 2146: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2118: 2114: 2111: 2107: 2104: 2101: 2100: 2093: 2090: 2087: 2080: 2070: 2051: 2048: 2042: 2041: 2037: 2034: 2031: 2028: 2018: 2015: 2012: 2011: 2007: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1995: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1986:(active TB5) 1980: 1979: 1976: 1969: 1966: 1963: 1960: 1957: 1954: 1952: 1951:(active TB4) 1945: 1944: 1940: 1937: 1934: 1931: 1925: 1923: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1908: 1907: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1885: 1883: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1865: 1864: 1860: 1857: 1854: 1851: 1848: 1846: 1842: 1839: 1838: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1822: 1819: 1816: 1813: 1811: 1806: 1803: 1800: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1784: 1781: 1778: 1775: 1772: 1763:Hi-Speed USB 1762: 1760: 1757: 1756: 1752: 1749: 1746: 1743: 1742: 1719: 1708: 1704: 1702: 1691: 1687: 1670: 1661: 1652: 1650: 1640: 1631: 1629: 1624: 1616: 1613: 1610: 1607: 1606: 1602: 1599: 1596: 1593: 1592: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1579: 1578: 1574: 1571: 1568: 1566: 1562: 1561: 1557: 1554: 1551: 1548: 1547: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1534: 1533: 1529: 1526: 1523: 1520: 1516: 1509: 1506: 1504: 1500: 1499: 1495: 1492: 1489: 1486: 1485: 1481: 1478: 1475: 1472: 1471: 1467: 1464: 1461: 1458: 1457: 1453: 1450: 1447: 1444: 1443: 1439: 1436: 1433: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1419: 1416: 1413: 1412: 1408: 1405: 1402: 1399: 1398: 1394: 1391: 1388: 1385: 1384: 1380: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1370: 1366: 1363: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1350: 1347: 1344: 1343: 1329: 1323: 1314: 1306: 1285: 1281: 1269: 1267: 1259: 1243: 1240: 1237: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1221: 1211: 1201: 1199: 1191: 1188: 1182: 1180: 1170: 1160: 1158: 1156: 1154: 1144: 1135: 1131: 1120: 1117: 1114: 1111: 1108: 1106:Gen 3x2 1102: 1101: 1094: 1091: 1088: 1085: 1082: 1077:Gen 2x2 1073: 1069: 1062: 1059: 1058: 1032: 1029: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1017: 1014: 1011: 1005: 1003: 1000: 991: 990: 986: 982: 979: 976: 973: 970: 967: 965:Gen 3x2 964: 963: 956: 953: 950: 947: 942:Gen 3x1 941: 940: 936: 932: 929: 926: 923: 920: 917: 915:Gen 2x2 914: 913: 906: 903: 900: 897: 889:Gen 2x1 888: 882: 878: 874: 871: 868: 865: 862: 859: 857: 854: 852:Gen 2x2 851: 850: 843: 840: 837: 834: 832: 829: 827:USB 3.2 824:Gen 1x2 823: 822: 818: 814: 811: 808: 805: 802: 799: 797: 794: 792:USB 3.1 791: 789:Gen 2x1 788: 787: 783: 779: 776: 773: 770: 767: 764: 762: 759: 757:USB 3.0 756: 754:Gen 1x1 753: 747: 743: 739: 737:Hi-Speed USB 736: 733: 730: 727: 724: 722: 718: 715: 713:USB 2.0 712: 709: 704: 703: 699: 696: 695: 687: 676:Net data rate 661: 646: 640: 638: 632: 628: 626: 616: 612: 606: 601: 600: 596: 586: 584: 578: 576: 572: 567: 565: 555: 552: 550: 544: 536: 533: 526: 516: 513: 508: 499: 498:tunnel ends. 495: 493: 479: 476: 473: 470: 469: 468: 465: 456: 454: 443: 441: 440:USB4 protocol 434:USB4 protocol 431: 419: 417: 413: 398: 395: 384:USB 3.2 381: 378: 367:USB 2.0 364: 357: 355: 344: 340: 336: 334: 328: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 302: 297: 293: 290: 284: 279: 273: 265: 255: 253: 252:Thunderbolt 3 248: 246: 242: 234: 230: 226: 221: 219: 215: 211: 207: 202: 200: 196: 192: 188: 184: 176: 157: 149: 144: 141:5 A (PD) 136: 128: 123: 120: 113: 105: 102: 95: 89: 85: 82: 75: 57: 49: 44: 41: 34: 30: 25: 19: 4663:Mass storage 4639: 4521:, 2019-11-21 4487: 4477:. Retrieved 4472: 4458:. Retrieved 4454: 4440:. Retrieved 4435: 4419:. Retrieved 4414: 4400:. Retrieved 4395: 4381:. Retrieved 4376: 4362:. Retrieved 4357: 4343:. Retrieved 4338: 4313:. Retrieved 4309: 4300: 4289:. Retrieved 4274: 4265: 4255: 4244:. Retrieved 4229: 4218:. Retrieved 4209: 4199: 4188:. Retrieved 4184: 4175: 4164:. Retrieved 4155: 4146: 4135:. Retrieved 4126: 4117: 4106:. Retrieved 4098:Phoronix.com 4097: 4088: 4077:. Retrieved 4068: 4058: 4047:. Retrieved 4038: 4029: 4018:. Retrieved 4009: 4000: 3989:. Retrieved 3987:. Intel. p19 3984: 3972: 3961:. Retrieved 3956: 3944: 3933:. Retrieved 3918: 3907:. Retrieved 3898: 3889: 3878:. Retrieved 3864: 3854: 3843:. Retrieved 3833: 3822:. Retrieved 3820:. 2011-03-02 3817: 3814:"PI2DPX2020" 3808: 3797:. Retrieved 3787: 3776:. Retrieved 3766: 3755:. Retrieved 3746: 3735:. Retrieved 3730: 3718: 3707:. Retrieved 3694: 3683:. Retrieved 3670: 3659:. Retrieved 3646: 3635:. Retrieved 3625: 3614:. Retrieved 3609: 3600: 3588: 3580: 3574:. Retrieved 3572:. 2024-10-09 3569: 3560: 3548: 3537:. Retrieved 3533: 3524: 3512: 3501:. Retrieved 3496: 3484: 3472: 3461:. Retrieved 3457: 3447: 3435: 3424:. Retrieved 3404: 3393:. Retrieved 3384: 3374: 3348: 3336: 3324: 3312: 3301: 3290: 3278: 3267:. Retrieved 3263: 3254: 3243: 3232: 3221:. Retrieved 3217: 3207: 3196:. Retrieved 3191: 3179: 3168:. Retrieved 3159: 3150: 3141: 3130:. Retrieved 3121: 3097:. Retrieved 3088: 3078: 3067:. Retrieved 3053: 3042:. Retrieved 3034:GSMArena.com 3033: 3024: 3013:. Retrieved 3004: 2994: 2982: 2970: 2959: 2940: 2929: 2912: 2901: 2880: 2859: 2852: 2849: 2819:Linux kernel 2813: 2647:Description 2488:Description 2471: 2463:differential 2460: 2457: 2440: 2431: 2416: 2407: 2388: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2352:. Retrieved 2348:theverge.com 2347: 2337: 2301:. Retrieved 2289: 2266: 2257: 2211:(mostly no) 2205:(mostly no) 2165:(or asymm.) 2164: 2150: 2147: 2144: 2109: 2013:USB3 active 1998:(or asymm.) 1997: 1985: 1975:TB up to 2m 1974: 1950: 1921: 1912: 1888:(or asymm.) 1887: 1881: 1872: 1869: 1844: 1809: 1801: 1798: 1795: 1792: 1789: 1705: 1697: 1688: 1684: 1669: 1660: 1639: 1564: 1502: 1353: 1320: 1312: 1296: 1282: 1278: 1210: 1187:Reed–Solomon 1169: 1143: 1134: 1001: 721:bit stuffing 667:Raw bit rate 633: 629: 622: 613: 602: 592: 579: 568: 561: 558:DP tunneling 553: 545: 542: 534: 522: 509: 505: 496: 488: 466: 462: 449: 437: 428: 408: 401:DP Alt Mode 391: 374: 358: 350: 341: 337: 329: 298: 294: 291: 280: 261: 249: 229:USB 3.x 222: 203: 186: 182: 181: 138:Max. current 130:Max. voltage 107:Video signal 97:Audio signal 18: 4668:Flash drive 4039:www.usb.org 3959:. Intel. p4 3795:. Anandtech 3005:HotHardware 2869:MacBook Pro 2862:MacBook Air 1993:USB 80Gbps 1958:USB 40Gbps 1920:USB 20Gbps 1882:USB 80Gbps 1880:USB 40Gbps 1843:USB 20Gbps 1721:Cable type 1487:PCI Express 1473:DisplayPort 1354:connection 1337:Hub (dock) 1256:bits/trit. 1018:USB 80Gbps 980:USB 40Gbps 930:USB 20Gbps 872:USB 20Gbps 847:(fallback) 812:USB 10Gbps 725:1 (shared) 710:High-Speed 333:Thunderbolt 264:Thunderbolt 241:PCI Express 233:DisplayPort 151:Data signal 110:DisplayPort 101:DisplayPort 88:Daisy chain 4774:PoweredUSB 4759:Decoration 4733:USB killer 4582:connectors 4479:2024-08-05 4460:2024-08-05 4442:2024-08-05 4421:2024-08-05 4402:2024-08-05 4383:2024-08-05 4364:2024-08-05 4345:2024-08-05 4315:2022-11-29 4291:2022-07-26 4246:2022-07-26 4220:2020-04-28 4190:2024-08-05 4166:2021-11-03 4137:2020-11-13 4108:2020-04-28 4079:2022-04-05 4049:2022-04-05 4020:2022-04-05 3991:2024-08-09 3963:2024-08-08 3935:2020-04-28 3909:2020-04-28 3880:2021-11-13 3845:2024-08-09 3839:"KM864742" 3824:2024-08-08 3799:2024-08-08 3778:2024-08-08 3757:2024-08-06 3737:2024-08-09 3709:2024-08-08 3685:2024-08-08 3661:2024-08-08 3637:2024-08-08 3616:2024-08-08 3612:. CalDigit 3576:2024-08-12 3539:2024-03-14 3503:2024-07-08 3463:2024-08-05 3426:2022-07-25 3395:2023-02-21 3269:2024-08-06 3223:2024-08-05 3198:2023-01-19 3170:2022-09-02 3132:2020-04-30 3099:2020-04-30 3069:2020-05-01 3044:2020-04-29 3015:2020-04-28 2893:References 2865:(M1, 2020) 2834:Windows 11 2752:Bus power 2694:Bus power 2596:Bus power 2535:Bus power 2469:transfer. 2427:Tiger Lake 2354:2024-08-09 2303:2024-06-08 2163:80 Gbit/s 2137:20 Gbit/s 2125:20 Gbit/s 2108:80 Gbit/s 2094:40 Gbit/s 1996:80 Gbit/s 1961:40 Gbit/s 1926:20 Gbit/s 1886:80 Gbit/s 1861:20 Gbit/s 1849:20 Gbit/s 1820:20 Gbit/s 1817:USB 5Gbps 1109:128b/132b 945:128b/132b 777:USB 5Gbps 649:USB family 335:products. 301:Apple Inc. 125:Electrical 77:Superseded 69:2019-08-29 4673:FlashCard 4127:apple.com 3859:chapter". 3841:. Nuvoton 3657:. Corning 3218:The Verge 2320:(UHBR20). 2074:Optional 2038:Optional 1973:Optional 1941:Optional 1870:passive 1829:5 Gbit/s 1617:Optional 1603:Optional 1589:Optional 1575:Optional 1558:Optional 1544:Optional 1530:Optional 1496:Optional 1482:Optional 1468:Optional 1454:Optional 1440:Optional 1428:Tunneled 1423:Optional 1409:Optional 1395:Optional 1381:Optional 1241:≈ 856:128b/132b 796:128b/132b 625:OSI Model 313:Microsoft 206:data link 115:Connector 4794:Category 4711:Security 4608:Versions 4575:Hardware 4519:Keysight 4475:. USB-IF 4438:. USB-IF 4417:. USB-IF 4398:. USB-IF 4379:. USB-IF 4360:. USB-IF 4341:. 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