Tigray Region - Knowledge

5504: 3254: 4174: 5874: 5484: 961: 1162: 5015: 1211: 5836: 9710: 176: 4688: 1540: 2526: 166: 5314: 5492: 3246: 9698: 2488: 217: 9155: 5080: 4486:. The lowest level is the court of common pleas: each woreda maintains its own constitutionally mandated court of common pleas, which maintain jurisdiction over all justiciable matters. The intermediate-level court system is the district court system. Four courts of appeals exist, each retaining jurisdiction over appeals from common pleas, municipal, and county courts in an administrative zone. A case heard in this system is decided by a three-judge panel, and each judge is elected. 5065: 4526: 832: 5030: 1316: 5099:. These plants created a new microclimate. The terracing method was very simple but required good organization. Long stretches of the fields were terraced by the villagers using stone walls from stones that erosion had exposed. The rains eroding the still non-terraced ground formed mudslides that were held by the topmost walls, which permitted construction of a new terrace field and another wall with uncovered stones, creating new ground terraced farmland every year. 4537: 1229:

Tigray, led to a drastic fall in general productivity of food and cash crops. In October 1978, the Derg announced the National Revolutionary Development Campaign to mobilize human and material resources to transform the economy, which led to a Ten-Year Plan (1984/1985-1993/1994) to expand agricultural and industrial output, forecasting a 6.5% growth in GDP and a 3.6% rise in per capita income. Instead per capita income declined 0.8% over this period. Famine scholar

9722: 5586: 947: 9535: 5387: 983:) were divided into two provinces, separated by the Mereb River, by the newly enthroned Agaw emperors. The governor of the northern province received the title Bahre Negash (Ruler of the sea), whereas the governor of the southern province was given the title of Tigray Mekonen (Lord of Tigray). The Portuguese Jesuit Emanuele Baradas's work titled "Do reino de Tigr", written in 1633–34, states that the "Reino de Tigr" (Kingdom of Tigray) extended from 9674: 1359:

travel there rather than to their formal woreda centre. However, these locals still had to travel to their local woreda centre for most local government services - often in a different direction. In 2018 and 2019, after multiple village discussions that were often vigorous in the more remote areas, 21 independent urban administrations were added and other boundaries re-drawn, resulting in an increase from 35 to 88 woredas in January 2020.

35: 5103: 4147: 811:. There is evidence of a Semitic-speaking presence in Tigray, Eritrea and northern Ethiopia at least as early as 2000 BC. It is now believed that Sabaean influence was minor, limited to a few localities and disappearing after a few decades or a century, It may have represented a trading or military colony, in some sort of symbiosis or military alliance with the civilization of Dʿmt or some other proto- 452: 1203:, along with most of their cabinets, most regional governors, many senior military officers and officials of the Imperial court were imprisoned. In August 1974, after a proposed constitution creating a constitutional monarchy was presented to the emperor, the Derg began a program of dismantling the imperial government in order to forestall further developments in that direction. The Derg 883:, now in northern Ethiopia. Today a smaller community, the city of Axum was once a bustling metropolis and a cultural and economic hub. Two hills and two streams lie on the east and west expanses of the city; perhaps providing the initial impetus for settling this area. Along the hills and plain outside the city, the Aksumites had cemeteries with elaborate grave stones, which are called 9686: 844: 5503: 5117:

for local irrigation. As rains last only for a couple of months per year, reservoirs of different sizes allow harvesting runoff from the rainy season for further use in the dry season. The dams needed to create these basins are typically an embankment of a few hundreds of meters, closing off one part

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The highest-ranking court, the Tigray Supreme Court, is Tigray's "court of last resort". A seven-justice panel composes the court, which, by its own discretion, hears appeals from the courts of appeals, and retains original jurisdiction over limited matters. The chief judge is called the President of

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Handtke's map is 39 cm wide and 66 cm tall, and is printed on paper that has been bonded to fabric. The scale is approximately 1:5,600,000; relief is shown by short lines representing slope aspect and a general sense of steepness (hachures).The work was created in one of the few stronger cartographic

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The government undertook two projects in Tigray. The first was the construction of terraces which, with the agreement and help of local communities, go up to the tops of the mountains at 2,500 metres. The goal was to prevent the rainfall flowing away immediately so that it could be conserved for the

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of 1943 had shortcomings as a prototype revolution, historians agree that it involved a fairly high level of spontaneity and peasant initiative. It demonstrated considerable popular participation and reflected widely shared grievances. The uprising was specifically directed against the central Shoan

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The CSA estimated in 2005 that farmers in Tigray had a total of 2,713,750 cattle (representing 7.0% of Ethiopia's total cattle), 72,640 sheep (0.42%), 208,970 goats (1.61%), 1,200 horses (less than 0.1%), 9,190 mules (6.24%), 386,600 asses (15.43%), 32,650 camels (7.15%), 3,180,240 poultry of all

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Between 2018 and 2020, as part of a reform aimed to deepen and strengthen decentralisation, woredas were reorganised, and new boundaries established. As smaller towns had been growing, they had started providing a larger range of services, such as markets and even banks, that encouraged locals to

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of Ethiopia (CSA), the Tigray Region has a population of 4,316,988, of whom 2,126,465 are men and 2,190,523 women; urban inhabitants number 844,040 or 19.55% of the population. With an estimated area of 84,722 km, the region had an estimated density of 51 people per km. In the entire region

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In addition, the Derg in 1975 nationalized most industries and private and somewhat secure urban real-estate holdings. But mismanagement, corruption, and general hostility to the Derg's violent rule, coupled with the draining effects of constant warfare with the separatist guerrilla movements in

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A 2006 national statistics report stated the land area as 50,079 km (19,336 sq mi). The 2011 National Statistics gave an area of 41,410 km (15,990 sq mi), but the sum of the figures it gave for the Tigray zones was substantially different, rendering the 2011 report

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that struck the country in the mid-1980s is usually ascribed to drought, "closer investigation shows that widespread drought occurred only some months after the famine was already under way". Hundreds of thousands fled economic misery, conscription, and political repression, and went to live in

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An important aspect of the agricultural work in Tigray after the end of the 1991 civil war was to minimize the problems of drought. In the past, Tigray was covered with forests and had a micro-climate that favoured the rains. Subsequently, the forests were cut down, usually to impoverish the

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of conditions in the province", but notes "an equally significant obstacle was posed by an entrenched, and largely Amhara-dominated, central bureaucracy which used its power to block government-authorised funds from reaching Tigray". At the same time, a growing urban middle class of traders,

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Mekele City, Suhul Shire, and Adigrat University football clubs were Tigray-based clubs among the 14 clubs to participate in the Ethiopian Premier League in 2020/2021. However, due to the war, they were replaced by other clubs from the League one rank below the Ethiopian Premier League.

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population during the wars. Consequently, Tigray achieved a fair amount of rainfall during the rainy season, from August to September, but quickly lost these waters downstream. In the process the fertile soil of the fields eroded. After a few weeks of rain, the country again dried up.

671:, similar to that of southern Eritrea. The estimated population as of 2019 is approximately 5,443,000. The majority of the population (c. 80%) are farmers, contributing 46% to the regional gross domestic product (2009). The highlands have the highest population density, especially in 4462:, a TPLF member, elected in 2023. A Vice President of Tigray succeeds the president in the event of any removal from office, and performs any duties assigned by the president. The other elected constitutional offices in the executive branch are the Regional Health Bureau ( 5624:(Tigrinya: ጋንታ መቐለ 70 እንደርታ) is an Ethiopian football club based in the capital, Mekelle. They are a member of the Ethiopian Football Federation and currently play in the top division of Ethiopian football, the Ethiopian Premier League. They are known by the nickname the 1143:

and Wajirat, Raya Awraja, Kilte-Awlaelo Awraja and Tembien Awraja, local assemblies, called gerreb, were formed. The gerreb sent representatives to a central congress, called the shengo, which elected leaders and established a military command system. Although the first

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Nyssen, Jan; Yonas, Meheretu; Annys, Sofie; Ghebreyohannes, Tesfaalem; Smidt, Wolbert; Welegerima, Kiros; Gebreselassie, Seifu; Sembroni, Andrea; Dramis, Francesco; Ek, Camille; Causer, David (March 2020). "The Zeyi Cave Geosite in Northern Ethiopia".

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in February 1974, the first signal of any mass uprising was the actions of the soldiers of the 4th Brigade of the 4th Army Division in Nagelle in southern Ethiopia. The Coordinating Committee of the Armed Forces, Police, and Territorial Army, or the

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of a valley, with a maximum height of 20 metres. Each took months of work, in which people carried earth on their back, and with assistance of donkeys. Generally 2,000–3,000 people — men, women and children — carried the earth in simple baskets.

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as its vice-chairman. In July 1974, the Derg obtained key concessions from the emperor, Haile Selassie, which included the power to arrest not only military officers but government officials at every level. Soon both former Prime Ministers

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Tigray. The much less densely populated lowlands comprise 48% of Tigray's area. Although the percentage of Muslims in Tigray is less than 5%, it has supposedly been historically Islam's doorway to the region and to Africa at large. 96% of

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lasts only for a couple of months. The farmers are adapted to this, but the problem arises when rains are less than normal. Another major challenge is providing water to urban areas. Smaller towns, but particularly Mekelle, face endemic

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Hendrickx, Hanne; Jacob, Miro; Frankl, Amaury; Nyssen, Jan (October 2015). "Glacial and periglacial geomorphology and its paleoclimatological significance in three North Ethiopian Mountains, including a detailed geomorphological map".

1381:, initiating the Tigray War after months of preparation with the Eritrean army. Ethiopian and Amhara forces advanced through southern Tigray, while Eritrean troops occupied northern border towns. Amhara militias continued to control 4514:. But currently after the illegitimate postponement of the national election of Ethiopia Tigray has pulled it representative from the House of House of Peoples' Representatives and has no representation in the Federal parliament 5373:

programme. The revenues are then reinvested in the villages, according to the priorities of the communities; it may be for an additional class in the village school, a water pond, conservation in the exclosures, or a store for

803:. Others, including Joseph Michels, Henri de Contenson, Tekletsadik Mekuria, and Stanley Burstein, have viewed Dʿmt as the result of a mixture of Sabaean and indigenous peoples. The most recent research, however, shows that 5837: 3551:

In 2018 and 2019, after multiple village discussions that were often vigorous in the more remote areas, 21 independent urban administrations were added and other boundaries re-drawn, resulting in an increase from 35 to 94

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Tigray is home to Ethiopia's most extensive church libraries that are found in the eastern and central zones of the region. There are several ongoing digitization projects to preserve previous historical texts.

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mountain. He also stated that Tigray-Mereb Melash was divided into 24 smaller political units (principalities), twelve of which were located south of the Mereb and governed by the Tigray Mekonen, based in

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After the fall of Dʿmt in the 5th century BC, the plateau came to be dominated by smaller, unknown successor kingdoms. This lasted until the rise of one of these polities during the first century BC, the

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John Young, who visited the area several times in the early 1990s, attributes this delay in part to "central budget restraint, structural readjustment, and lack of awareness by government bureaucrats in

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In the mid-19th century, the lords of Tembien and Enderta managed to establish an overlordship of Tigray. One of its members, Dejazmach Kahsay Mercha, ascended the imperial throne in 1872 under the name

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publishing houses in 19thcentury Germany, managed by Carl Flemming (1806–1878). Flemming was aided by cartographer Friedrich Handtke (1815–1879), who worked on nearly every map assignment for the firm.

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Looting has become a major issue in the Tigray Region, as archaeological sites have become sources for construction materials and ancient artifacts used for everyday purposes by local populations.

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In the previous census, conducted in 1994, the region's population was 3,136,267, of whom 1,542,165 were men and 1,594,102 women; urban inhabitants numbered 621,210, or 14% of the population.

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species (10.3%), and 20,480 beehives (0.47%). Cattle are an essential component in the dominant grain-plough agricultural system. In the rainy season, a large part of the cattle herds are in

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At the regional level, the Tigray Education Bureau governs primary and secondary educational institutions. At the municipal level, there are approximately 300 school districts region-wide.

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Kiessling, W.; Kumar, D.; Schemm-Gregory, M.; Mewis, H.; Aberhan, M (2011). "Marine benthic invertebrates from the Upper Jurassic of northern Ethiopia and their biogeographic affinities".

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Mastewal Yami, and colleagues (2007). "Impact of Area Enclosures on Density and Diversity of Large Wild Mammals: The Case of May Ba'ati, Douga Tembien Woreda, Central Tigray, Ethiopia".

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period ("Era of the Princes"), both designations had declined to little more than empty titles, and the lord who succeeded them used (and received from the Emperor) the title of either

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Moeyersons, J. and colleagues (2006). "Age and backfill/overfill stratigraphy of two tufa dams, Tigray Highlands, Ethiopia: Evidence for Late Pleistocene and Holocene wet conditions".

823:, which succeeded in reunifying the area and is, in effect, the ancestor of medieval and modern states in Eritrea and Ethiopia using the name "Ethiopia" as early as the 4th century. 8125: 7275:

Sembroni, A.; Molin, P.; Dramis, F.; Faccenna, C.; Abebe, B. (2017). "Erosion-tectonics feedbacks in shaping the landscape: An example from the Mekele Outlier (Tigray, Ethiopia)".

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A major north–south road corridor goes through Tigray. This is facilitated by Highway 2 which goes from Adigrat to Addis Ababa and Highway 3 which goes from Shire to Addis Ababa.

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Tigrayans are known for their good performance in road cycling. For many years cyclists from this region have been dominant in the Ethiopian national cycling championships.

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Yihdego, Yohannes; Salem, Hilmi S.; Kafui, Bediaku G.; Veljkovic, Zarko (2 September 2018). "Economic geology value of oil shale deposits: Ethiopia (Tigray) and Jordan".

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plugs, mainly in the Adwa area and also in Dogu’a Tembien. The present geomorphology is marked by deep valleys, eroded as a result of the regional uplift. Throughout the

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the title of Tigray mekonnen gained power in relation to the Bahr negus and at times included ruling over parts of what is now Eritrea, especially in the 19th century.

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Merha Zerabruk; Vangen, O.; Mitiku Haile (2007). "The status of cattle genetic resources in North Ethiopia: On-farm characterization of six major cattle breeds".

1567:, there was a relative tectonic quiescence, during which the Amba Aradam Sandstones were partially eroded, which led to the formation of a new planation surface. 4369:, Admas University, Microlink College, Nile College, and Mekelle College of Teacher Education is the capital of Tigray, near the geographic center of the state. 3124:

Species that are neither endemic nor biome-restricted but that have restricted ranges or that can be more easily seen in Ethiopia than elsewhere in their range:

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Wolde Mekuria, and colleagues (2011). "Restoration of Ecosystem Carbon Stocks Following Exclosure Establishment in Communal Grazing Lands in Tigray, Ethiopia".

8243: 7639:; Deckers, J; Makundi, R; Leirs, H (2015). "Reproduction and survival of rodents in crop fields: the effects of rainfall, crop stage and stone-bund density". 4900: 4573:

is 67 infant deaths per 1,000 live births, less than the national average of 77; at least half of these deaths occurred in the infants' first month of life.

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district and town in Western Tigray. At the time when Tigray Mekonnen existed simultaneously with that of Bahr negus, their frontier seems to have been the

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for Tigray as of 2005 include: 31.6% of the inhabitants fall into the lowest wealth quintile; adult literacy for men is 67.5% and for women 33.7%; and the

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all over southern and eastern Tigray under the slogan, "there is no government; let's organize and govern ourselves". Throughout Enderta Awraja, including

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businessmen and government officials emerged that was suspicious of and distant from the victorious EPRDF. From 1991 to 2001, the president of Tigray was

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Raptor perch sites for biological control of agricultural pest rodents. In: Geo-trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains – The Dogu'a Tembien District

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Birds of forests and open woodlands in the highlands of Dogu'a Tembien. In: Geo-trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains – The Dogu'a Tembien District

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Bosellini, A.; Russo, A.; Fantozzi, P.; Assefa, G.; Tadesse, S. (1997). "The Mesozoic succession of the Mekelle Outlier (Tigrai Province, Ethiopia)".

6366:"In search of the real Queen of Sheba, Legends and rumors trail the elusive Queen of Sheba through the rock-hewn wonders and rugged hills of Ethiopia" 1021:, written and compiled mainly in the period from the sixteenth to seventeenth centuries, shows a traditional schematic map of Tigray with the city of 9060: 4082: 4062: 3836: 3803: 3774: 3694: 1723: 1591: 8665: 6125: 6035: 5534:– with Wukro sometimes included. Some of the churches are considered earlier than those of Lalibela, perhaps dating from the eighth century. Mostly 8350:

Nigussie Haregeweyn, and colleagues (2008). "Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: A quantitative analysis of its controlling factors".

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992,635 households were counted, for an average of 4.4 people per household, with urban households having on average 3.4 and rural households 4.6.

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Forest and woodland vegetation in the highlands of Dogu'a Tembien. In: Geo-trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains – The Dogu'a Tembien District

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Exclosures as Primary Option for Reforestation in Dogu'a Tembien. In: Geo-trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains – The Dogu'a Tembien District

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The Kingdom of Aksum was a trading empire rooted in northern Ethiopia. It existed from approximately 100–940 AD, growing from the proto-Aksumite

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Tigray is often regarded as the cradle of Ethiopian civilization. Its landscape has many historic monuments. Three major monotheistic religions,

9110: 6961: 6562:"The First Millennium BC in the Highlands of Northern Ethiopia and South-Central Eritrea: A Reassessment of Cultural and Political Development" 6334: 5642:. They are a member of the Ethiopian Football Federation and play in the Ethiopian Premier League, the first division of football in Ethiopia. 4021: 3930: 3909: 3884: 3754: 3621: 1347: 1044:

During the Middle Ages, the position of Tigray Mekonnen ("Governor of Tigray") was established to rule over the area. Other districts included

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Zbelo Tesfamariam, and colleagues (2019). "Transhumance as a driving force of landscape change in the marginal grabens of northern Ethiopia".

7117:"Stratigraphy and geochronology of the Tambien Group, Ethiopia: Evidence for globally synchronous carbon isotope change in the Neoproterozoic" 6096: 5426: 3759: 3744: 3083: 2162: 1978: 1034: 589: 9651: 9646: 9125: 6623: 3904: 3894: 3769: 3764: 3704: 3699: 3642: 3626: 2438: 2394: 2250: 573: 288: 8122: 1165:

Memorial in Mekelle to more than 60,000 TPLF fighters who died and over 100,000 fighters who were injured in the overthrow of the Marxist

7028: 6909: 6414: 6311: 6237: 3596: 2294: 807:, the ancient Semitic language spoken in Tigray, Eritrea and northern Ethiopia in ancient times, is not likely to have been derived from 727:, destabilizing the region, and exposing a well-organized campaign to wipe out the region of ethnic Tigrayans. As many as 600,000 people 9525: 8916:

Merha Zerabruk; Vangen, O. (2005). "The Abergelle and Irob cattle breeds of North Ethiopia: description and on-farm characterization".

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The Tihamah Coastal Plain of South-West Arabia in its Regional context c. 6000 BC-AD 600 (Society for Arabian Studies Monographs No. 4)

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Research-based development projects in Dogu'a Tembien. In: Geo-trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains – The Dogu'a Tembien District

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Fossil evidence of Dogu'a Tembien's environmental past. In: Geo-Trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains, the Dogu'a Tembien District

5628:(ምዓም ኣንበሳ /ምዓም አናብስት/ኣናብስቶቹ). The club won its first Ethiopian Premier League title in the 2018–2019 Ethiopian Premier League Season. 7982: 6375: 3988: 3920: 3914: 3637: 3591: 2206: 2070: 732: 617: 581: 7316:

The volcanic rock cover of the Dogu'a Tembien massif. In: Geo-Trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains, the Dogu'a Tembien District

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with widespread distribution in agricultural fields and storage areas are three Ethiopian endemic species: the Dembea grass rat (

513:. Tigray is the fifth-largest by area, the fourth-most populous, and the fifth-most densely populated of the 11 regional states. 8887:

Cattle breeds, milk production, and transhumance in Dogu'a Tembien. In: Geotrekking in Ethiopia's tropical mountains, Chapter 28

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Descheemaeker, K. and colleagues (2006). "Sediment deposition and pedogenesis in exclosures in the Tigray Highlands, Ethiopia".

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Geo-trekking map of Dogu'a Tembien (1:50,000). In: Geo-trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains – The Dogu'a Tembien District

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Regional geology of the Dogu'a Tembien massif. In: Geo-trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains – The Dogu'a Tembien District

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Swanson-Hysell, N.; Maloof, A.; Condon, D.; Jenkin, G.; Alene, M.; Tremblay, M.; Tesema, T.; Rooney, A.; Haileab, B. (2015).

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Geology of Ethiopia: a review and geomorphological perspectives. In: Billi, P. (ed.), Landscapes and Landforms of Ethiopia

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are found in bushland, scrubland and dense secondary forest, often near cliffs, gorges or water. Chestnut-Winged or

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Given the presence of a large temple complex and fertile surroundings, the capital of the 3,000-year-old kingdom of

6828: 6597: 5329:, areas that are set aside for regreening. Logging and livestock grazing are not allowed there. Besides effects on 1488:, Tigray was located near the South Pole. The (reactivate) Precambrian extensional faults guided the deposition of 1296: 1234: 1196: 216: 4565:, of whom 42.68% were rural inhabitants and 97.28% were urban. Values for other reported common indicators of the 1204: 9567: 7499:

The cultural context of food grinding equipment in Northern Ethiopia: an ethnoarchaeological approach. PhD thesis

5712: 4593: 4540: 4362: 3118: 1186:"Committee"), was officially announced 28 June 1974 by a group of military officers. The committee elected Major 9140: 6269:"Surge of dehumanizing hate speech points to mounting risk of mass atrocities in northern Ethiopia, experts say" 6719: 6151: 4956: 4438: 1393: 85: 56: 52: 8062: 5560:

as well as for other fallen obelisks. The Axum treasure site of ancient Tigrayan history is a major landmark.

5345:, people commonly have economic benefits from these exclosures through grass harvesting, beekeeping and other 9597: 9181: 7503: 6866: 1563:) indicates the presence of less shallow seas, probably caused by a regional uplift. At the beginning of the 1389: 1374: 8449:"Land rehabilitation and the conservation of birds in a degraded Afromontane landscape in northern Ethiopia" 8143:"2008. Ethiopia Atlas of Key Demographic and Health Indicators, 2005" (Calverton: Macro International, 2008) 7782:"Land rehabilitation and the conservation of birds in a degraded Afromontane landscape in northern Ethiopia" 9747: 9324: 9201: 6849: 6003: 728: 653: 8773:

Nyssen, Jan; Descheemaeker, Katrien; Zenebe, Amanuel; Poesen, Jean; Deckers, Jozef; Haile, Mitiku (2009).

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Bedru Babulo, and colleagues (2006). "Economic valuation methods of forest rehabilitation in exclosures".

8237:"Africa Agriculture Status Report 2014 - Climate Change and Smallholder Agriculture in Sub-saharan Africa" 5499:'s entrance, situated at a height of 2,580 metres (8,460 ft) that has to be climbed on foot to reach. 3229:

can be done particularly in exclosures and forests. Eighteen bird-watching sites have been inventoried in

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indicated that parts of central and eastern Tigray were likely in emergency phase 4, a step below famine.

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decision awarded much of this land to Eritrea, but Ethiopia did not accept the ruling until 2018, when a

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Ethnoarchaeological study of grind stones at Lakia'a in Adwa, Tigray Regional State, Ethiopia. PhD diss

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occur in the dry evergreen montane forests of the highland plateau but can also occupy other habitats.

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occur on major communication lines dating back to the period before the introduction of the automobile

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The State Council, which is the highest administrative body of the state, is made up of 152 members.

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over a portion of territory that had been administered as part of Tigray, which included the town of

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formations, from older (at the foot of the massif) to younger, near the summits. From Palaeozoic to

1327: 864:, Axum's first capital, Mazaber, was built by Itiyopis, son of Cush. The capital was later moved to 723:(TPLF) and the Ethiopian federal government (with support from Eritrea) rapidly escalating into the 9562: 9526: 5778: 5471: 5396: 4925: 3103: 2907: 1397: 6090: 5483: 4105: 1064:, which is currently constitutes the border between the Ethiopian province of Tigray and Eritrea. 960: 9003: 5931: 5631: 5621: 5535: 5271: 5146: 4929: 3261:

Like other Regions in Ethiopia, Tigray is subdivided into administrative zones, and further into

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Tigray has one international airport and four commercial airports. The international airport is

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The executive branch is headed by the Chief Administrator of Tigray. The current president is

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on the highest mountains, large mammals in the region, with scientific (italics), English and

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and Agula Shale). The region has an estimated 3.89 billion tons of mostly "excellent" quality

1161: 9344: 6657: 5266: 4570: 3129: 3110: 3076: 3064: 2996: 2988: 2896: 2755: 1922: 1560: 1187: 7933: 7116: 6809:"Divided Histories, Opportunistic Alliances: Background Notes on the Ethiopian-Eritrean War" 6498:

Kitchen, Andrew; Ehret, Christopher; Assefa, Shiferaw; Mulligan, Connie J. (7 August 2009).

5014: 9392: 9253: 9173: 8825: 8538: 8503: 8460: 8402: 8359: 7793: 7684: 7570: 7455: 7376: 7284: 7193: 7131: 5362: 5342: 5302: 4968: 3952: 3494: 3091: 3032: 3021: 3015:

are found in evergreen forest, mountain woodlands and areas with scattered trees including

1902:

Stones collected from farmlands in order to free space for the crop, and heaped in typical

1649: 1521: 1447: 1382: 1377:, on 4 November, the Ethiopian military launched attacks on the government headquarters in 1200: 1174: 1025:

at its center, surrounded by the 13 principal provinces: "Tembien, Shire, Serae, Hamasien,

92: 8268:

Vanmaercke, M. and colleagues (2019). "Sediment Yield and Reservoir Siltation in Tigray".

5514:

A distinctive feature of Tigray are its rock-hewn churches. Similar in design to those of

1210: 719:, which is led by the state supreme court. In early November 2020, a conflict between the 8: 9544: 9448: 9145: 8713:

Moens, T.; Lanckriet, S.; Jacob, M. (2019). "Boswellia Incense in the Giba River Gorge".

5639: 4921: 4224: 3141: 3040: 2771: 2643: 2112: 1656: 1493: 1405: 490: 148: 8829: 8542: 8507: 8464: 8406: 8391:"On the difference between "exclosures" and "enclosures" in ecology and the environment" 8363: 7797: 7688: 7574: 7459: 7380: 7288: 7197: 7135: 5349:. The local inhabitants also consider it as "land set aside for future generations". In 787:. Some modern historians, including Stuart Munro-Hay, Rodolfo Fattovich, Ayele Bekerie, 9433: 9218: 9075: 8898: 8841: 8736: 8476: 8332: 8291: 8214: 7809: 7710: 7656: 7636: 7257: 7147: 6820: 6589: 6581: 6524: 6499: 5707: 5675: 5334: 5246: 4915: 4566: 4433:

has the highest elevation at 2479 meter above sea level. Plenty of smaller towns, like

4382: 4358: 4211: 4000: 3820: 3652: 3516: 3410: 3321: 3208: 3068: 992: 988: 712: 9070: 8971: 1404:. Approximately two million people faced food shortages, with a critical situation in 9319: 8947: 8902: 8845: 8740: 8726: 8629: 8590: 8448: 8390: 8336: 8295: 8281: 8042: 7940: 7873: 7834: 7781: 7748: 7714: 7603: 7467: 7414: 7320: 7296: 7261: 7060: 6899: 6663: 6640: 6593: 6529: 6482: 6404: 6303: 5949: 5914: 5439: 4880: 4752: 4712: 4704: 4606: 3963: 3814: 3561: 3435: 3281: 3276: 3149: 3125: 3056: 3044: 3036: 3027: 3000: 2975:'s paradise. Detailed inventories list at least 170 bird species, including numerous 2929:, church buildings and abandoned homesteads. The large colony of bats that roosts in 2787: 2545: 2442: 1930: 1889: 1758: 1679: 1501: 1497: 1470: 1466: 1183: 1112: 1068: 804: 668: 621: 358: 8687: 8480: 7813: 7660: 7151: 5653:

is one of the best Ethiopian cyclists and the first Ethiopian to participate in the

4372:

Other Tigray cities functioning as centers of Ethiopian metropolitan areas include:

2525: 1539: 9690: 9357: 9296: 8925: 8890: 8868: 8833: 8796: 8786: 8718: 8546: 8515: 8511: 8468: 8414: 8410: 8367: 8322: 8273: 8164: 7801: 7700: 7692: 7648: 7582: 7578: 7463: 7384: 7292: 7249: 7201: 7139: 7097: 6573: 6519: 6511: 5922: 5884: 5846: 5808: 5531: 5508: 5496: 4748: 4692: 4410: 4164: 3968: 3499: 3457: 3405: 3388: 3311: 3230: 2675: 1740: 1728: 1674: 1638: 1544: 1529: 1525: 1401: 1145: 1128: 1038: 1001: 972: 920: 915:

in the late 3rd century, Aksum had begun minting its own currency and was named by

820: 812: 808: 704: 384: 7960: 7253: 7206: 7181: 6752: 5313: 4703:

With 96.55% of the local population, the region is predominantly inhabited by the

4687: 9726: 9678: 9329: 9045: 8981: 8894: 8760: 8722: 8623: 8584: 8371: 8277: 8171: 8149: 8129: 7867: 7828: 7742: 7597: 7408: 7388: 7314: 7054: 6931: 6874: 6683: 6207: 5690: 5680: 5491: 5435: 5420: 5251: 5226: 4888: 4420: 3739: 3504: 3440: 3373: 3245: 3157: 3133: 3095: 3012: 2707: 2350: 1913: 1839: 1797:

are used to build homesteads and churches, but particularly in the upland areas,

1603: 1587: 1505: 1216: 1140: 1076: 1057: 924: 900: 871:

The Empire of Aksum, at its height, at times extended across most of present-day

716: 459: 17: 9697: 9086: 7101: 9572: 9453: 9428: 9291: 9266: 9238: 9233: 9050: 7696: 6895:

Peasant Revolution in Ethiopia: The Tigray People's Liberation Front, 1975–1991

6060: 5654: 5606: 5602: 5452: 5403: 5151: 4619: 4561:

According to the CSA, as of 2004, 53.99% of the total population had access to

4337: 4301: 3847: 3749: 3679: 3509: 3420: 3383: 3358: 3348: 3336: 3176: 3132:, which is an intra-tropical breeding migrant of south and east Africa, and of 3072: 3048: 2943: 2537: 2505: 2487: 2166: 1831: 1712: 1642: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1292: 1150: 1092: 1004:. The other twelve were located north of the Mereb, under the authority of the 916: 896: 672: 545: 9096: 8929: 8872: 8472: 8184: 7805: 6577: 5126: 9736: 9714: 9592: 9587: 9577: 9557: 9458: 9334: 9271: 9186: 8142: 7905: 6307: 5598: 5564:

is another important local landmark that is little-known outside the region.

5519: 5463: 5448: 5443: 5430: 5370: 5358: 5350: 5318: 5221: 5079: 4962: 4945: 4884: 4860: 4795: 4760: 4724: 4459: 4229: 4193: 4146: 3874: 3852: 3808: 3729: 3719: 3581: 3447: 3425: 3378: 3363: 3306: 3291: 3234: 3192: 3168: 2992: 2968: 2723: 2659: 2573: 2541: 2463: 2450: 2422: 2409: 2374: 2361: 2326: 2313: 2302: 2278: 2265: 2234: 2221: 2190: 2177: 2145: 2132: 2098: 2085: 2074: 2054: 2041: 2010: 1997: 1949: 1835: 1785: 1701: 1610: 1595: 1559:) planation took place. After that, the deposition of continental sediments ( 1239: 1103:, as warlords to maintain the Ethiopian monarchy during the Zemene Mesafint. 1017: 936: 792: 708: 676: 521: 506: 397: 293: 245: 232: 8447:

Aerts, R.; Lerouge, F.; November, E.; Lens, L.; Hermy, M.; Muys, B. (2008).

5550:

monastery is accessible only by climbing a rope 25 metres up a sheer cliff.

3106:

have some red at the base of the bill or an entirely red bill in this area.

9702: 9438: 9400: 9206: 9100: 8550: 8386: 6878: 6533: 6515: 5650: 5610: 5467: 5459: 5410: 5330: 5276: 5171: 5136: 5106: 4891:

are also spoken, and people in urban areas are also able to speak Amharic.

4847: 4740: 4247: 4016: 3647: 3521: 3415: 3316: 3226: 3184: 3060: 2984: 2867: 2835: 2803: 2739: 1956: 1583: 1575: 1230: 1191: 1088: 1045: 932: 928: 860: 753: 8801: 7634: 5064: 4525: 1429:

internally inconsistent. The figure of 50,079 km is supported by the

831: 16:

This article is about the modern region. For the historical province, see

9625: 9552: 9228: 8041:. Bloomington, Indiana, United States: Xlibris Corporation. p. 113. 8015: 6932:"Tigray crisis: Ethiopia orders military response after army base seized" 6208:"Tigray crisis: Ethiopia orders military response after army base seized" 5755: 5556:

The area is famous for a single rock sculptured 23 meter long obelisk in

5416: 5386: 5236: 4992: 4974: 4834: 4821: 4808: 4736: 4732: 4728: 4536: 4512:

Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia House of Peoples' Representatives

3331: 2972: 2346: 2342: 1746: 1708: 1697: 1683: 1579: 1477: 1454:(up to 800 Ma ), which was largely eroded afterwards. Around 600 Ma, the 1451: 1430: 1280: 1275: 1108: 1080: 1061: 1005: 980: 968: 788: 649: 525: 502: 9721: 8311:"Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems" 7242:

Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects

6824: 6585: 5091:

agricultural season. On the highest terraces were planted trees, mainly

5029: 1315: 9382: 9362: 9243: 9223: 8837: 7705: 6808: 6561: 5763: 5585: 5547: 5357:

project. They have as an additional benefit that the villagers receive

5354: 5281: 5256: 5231: 5211: 5176: 5131: 5092: 4744: 4386: 4319: 3935: 3899: 3825: 3611: 3487: 3467: 3341: 3326: 3200: 3137: 2691: 2509: 2500: 2026: 1986: 1821: 1774: 1762: 1704: 1692: 1664: 1618: 1556: 1463: 1368: 1053: 946: 724: 661: 645: 593: 8791: 8774: 7780:

Aerts, R; Lerouge, F; November, E; Lens, L; Hermy, M; Muys, B (2008).

5297:. Part of the water that could be used for irrigation is lost through 3167:

The most regularly observed raptor birds in crop fields in Tigray are

855:

period c. 4th century BC to achieve prominence by the 1st century AD.

9630: 9276: 9211: 7143: 5326: 5294: 5166: 5161: 5141: 5114: 5096: 4980: 4708: 4483: 4026: 3957: 3831: 3786: 3576: 3368: 3286: 3016: 2964: 2851: 2496: 1961: 1936: 1926: 1893: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1817: 1808: 1794: 1790: 1564: 1533: 1459: 1258: 1084: 693: 689: 681: 613: 601: 585: 561: 375: 368: 8327: 8310: 7652: 6711: 6095:(Map). 1:5,000,000. Central Intelligence Agency. 2009. Map #803395. 5597:(MQX) near Mekelle. The region's four other commercial airports are 1851:, prepared from rock types that frequently have an elongated shape ( 879:, Sudan, Yemen and Saudi Arabia. The capital city of the empire was 34: 9534: 9529: 9463: 8972:"Combating the destruction of Ethiopia's archaeological heritage", 8066: 7773: 6182:"Eritrean forces killed 100s of civilians in Tigray 'rampage': HRW" 5515: 5338: 5241: 5216: 5181: 4782: 4696: 4530: 4110: 3857: 3430: 3216: 2819: 2533: 1884: 1873: 1734: 1687: 1653: 1637:

In Tigray, there are two main fossil-bearing geological units. The

1622: 1599: 1552: 1485: 1481: 1455: 1243: 1221: 1096: 984: 940: 876: 852: 796: 784: 577: 498: 494: 392: 265: 7497: 7356:. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Ethiopian Institute of Geological Survey. 6742:"Mountain Constantines: The Christianization of Aksum and Iberia1" 6238:"Ethiopian leaders said they would 'wipe out' Tigrayans: EU envoy" 5102: 4959:, well known environmentalist and brother of Sibhat Gebregziabhier 3063:

breeding residents of woodland edges, scrubland and forest edges.

1224:, a village in Tigray where hundreds were killed by Derg bombings. 9617: 9484: 9468: 9443: 9410: 9405: 9372: 9261: 7445: 5375: 5298: 5206: 5201: 5191: 5084: 4430: 4416: 4378: 4354: 4332: 4314: 4283: 4278: 4188: 4159: 4151: 4056: 4049: 4044: 3978: 3879: 3862: 3841: 3684: 3631: 3543: 3536: 3531: 3477: 3462: 3353: 2976: 2887: 2605: 2589: 1945: 1847: 1801:

is also used. Traditionally, fermented mud will be used as mortar

1716: 1667: 1646: 1378: 1249:

Toward the end of January 1991, a coalition of rebel forces, the

1136: 1132: 1049: 964: 912: 908: 888: 872: 800: 761: 749: 633: 629: 597: 565: 537: 533: 517: 510: 275: 8858: 8132:

CSA Selected Basic Welfare Indicators (accessed 21 January 2009)

7114: 768: 9582: 8772: 7906:"Tigray (Ethiopia): State, Major Cities, Villages & Places" 5261: 5196: 5068: 4933: 4442: 4242: 4038: 4010: 3798: 3526: 3263: 3161: 2557: 2298: 2254: 1798: 1660: 1571: 1262: 1254: 904: 884: 780: 776: 657: 637: 609: 557: 553: 380: 9071:

Ethiopian Treasures – Queen of Sheba, Aksumite Kingdom – Aksum

9065: 7673: 5893: 1425:

Tigray is situated between 12° – 15°N and 36° 30' – 40° 30'E.

1119:, and the center of power shifted south and away from Tigray. 1067:

After the loss of power of the Bahr negus in the aftermath of

911:, the last three of which are now in Eritrea. By the reign of 9367: 9352: 9301: 8123:"Households by sources of drinking water, safe water sources" 8065:. Justice For All-PF Ethiopia. 14 August 2015. Archived from 5543: 5527: 5286: 5186: 5156: 4995:, the first church singer, composer and writer of three books 4434: 4296: 3993: 3709: 3472: 3452: 3393: 3153: 2926: 2030: 1288: 1220:(considered a symbol of peace) in the wall of a homestead in 1116: 1115:, the Ethiopian throne came under the control of the king of 1100: 1030: 1022: 1009: 757: 731:

as a result of the war. As of 2023, the region is run by the

625: 605: 569: 529: 7220: 6988:"'Extreme urgent need': Starvation haunts Ethiopia's Tigray" 5546:

or steep hills, for security. For example, Tigray's ancient

4576:

The predominant religion in Tigray is Orthodox Christianity

4441:

are located at even higher elevations. Of the large cities,

1960:, used for paving secondary streets in the towns. Generally 1303:. The text of this agreement has not been publicly availed. 9377: 9196: 9191: 8946:(1 ed.). UK: Rough Guides. 2 March 2015. p. 160. 7312: 7274: 6335:"Heightened Risk Of Genocide Against Tigrayans In Ethiopia" 6300:"There's Genocide in Tigray, but Nobody's Talking About it" 5905: 5864: 5826: 5561: 5557: 4544: 4406: 4396: 4265: 4260: 4206: 4178: 3945: 3925: 3867: 3601: 3586: 3571: 3482: 3301: 3296: 3079:

in gorges and rocky places but also in towns and villages.

2930: 2922: 2398: 1877: 1864: 1626: 1602:

intruded into the Mesozoic sediments, following joints and

1547:

cliff at Mishlam in the southeastern part of Dogu'a Tembien

1489: 1179: 1166: 996: 892: 880: 865: 836: 772: 641: 549: 541: 8272:. GeoGuide. Cham (CH): Springer Nature. pp. 345–357. 7559: 7239: 6497: 4719:

family of languages. Most other residents hail from other

9076:

Ethiopian Treasures – Emperor Yohannes IV Castle – Mekele

9038: 8999:"Six clubs to compete in Hawassa to replace Tigray clubs" 6449:. Edinburgh: University Press. p. 57. Archived from 5899: 5858: 5855: 5820: 5817: 2987:

can be found feeding in wet grassland and open woodland.

8446: 7779: 7635:

Meheretu Yonas; Kiros Welegerima; Sluydts, V; Bauer, H;

7179: 6688:. Rock View International. 1 January 2003. p. 366. 6550:, "Ge'ez", Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2005, pp. 732 979:

In the 11th century the Tigrinya-speaking lands (Tigray-

919:

as one of the four great powers of his time, along with

843: 9103:

covers sustainable agriculture in Tigray following the

9066:

Endowment Fund for the Rehabilitation of Tigray website

8384: 8039:

Criminal Procedure Law: Principles, Rules and Practices

7961:"Minster of Health Visits MU's Ayder Referral Hospital" 7182:"Geology of the Tekeze River basin (Northern Ethiopia)" 7180:

Sembroni, A.; Molin, P.; Dramis, F.; Abebe, B. (2017).

6504:

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

6152:"Tigray in History: A Pioneer of Religious Coexistence" 6119:

SITUATION ANALYSIS OF CHILDREN AND WOMEN: Tigrai Region

6029:

SITUATION ANALYSIS OF CHILDREN AND WOMEN: Tigrau Region

5788: 5301:; the positive side-effect is that this contributes to 4971:, was an Ethiopian doctor, economist, and intellectual. 4936:

remains of a 3.3 million-year-old child of the species

4743:. Partly assimilated Oromo live in remoter villages in 1838:, are excavated from the river bed and further shaped. 1205:

deposed and imprisoned the emperor on 12 September 1974

6856:(Wiesbaden; Franz Steiner Verlag, 1982), vol. 1 p. 201 6656:

Phillipson, David (2012). Neil Asher Silberman (ed.).

5960: 5522:, these churches are found in four or five clusters – 2871: 2855: 2839: 2823: 2807: 2791: 2775: 2759: 2743: 2727: 2711: 2695: 2679: 2663: 2647: 2625: 2609: 2593: 2577: 2561: 2512:

have been built, but their management is sub-optimal.

1899:

foot travellers stop, pray and put an additional stone

1645:) is the largest. Its marine deposits comprise mainly 795:

consider this civilization to be indigenous, although

9662: 7983:"MU donates 100 computers to Tigray Education Bureau" 5936: 5113:

Another endeavour involved the construction of small

3240: 2631: 1753:

All snail shells, both fossil and recent, are called

1353: 8915: 7740: 7402: 7400: 7398: 6806: 6559: 6061:"Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab" 5902: 5890: 5861: 5852: 5823: 5814: 5774:

Major NGOs, involved in development activities are:

8712: 8349: 8308: 8014:. Ethiopian Government portal. 2016. Archived from 7826: 7052: 6871:

An Introduction to the Economic History of Ethiopia

6363: 5896: 5887: 5849: 5811: 4510:Tigray is represented by 38 representatives in the 1929:, typically laid out along the contour for sake of 743: 59:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 7932: 6629: 4695:refusing a request from pagan Meccans for Muslims 1500:). Later alluvial plain sediments were deposited ( 8815: 8775:"Transhumance in the Tigray highlands (Ethiopia)" 7395: 7369:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 6962:"Inside Humera, a town scarred by Ethiopia's war" 6655: 6400:The Archaeology of Africa: Food, Metals and Towns 5769: 5059: 4912:, Director General, World Health Organization WHO 3267:or districts. Up to January 2020, these were the 1516:, what caused the lowering of large parts of the 1251:Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front 799:-influenced due to the latter's dominance of the 9734: 7091: 6443:Aksum: An African Civilization of Late Antiquity 5406:, there are several cattle landraces in Tigray: 1842:is done at home using an elongated small boulder 8717:. GeoGuide. Springer Nature. pp. 293–300. 1830:: for this purpose plucked-bedrock pits, small 1586:. Three major formations may be distinguished: 6435: 6433: 6431: 5095:, the dominant tree in Ethiopia and native to 775:. Dʿmt developed irrigation schemes, used the 200: 9511: 9126: 8918:Animal Genetic Resources Information Bulletin 8715:Geo-trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains 8528: 8493: 8427: 8270:Geo-trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains 7985:. Mekelle University News. 17 December 2013. 7939:. Washington, D.C., United States: CQ Press. 7741:Aerts, R.; Lerouge, F.; November, E. (2019). 7351: 7308: 7306: 4924:, Anthropologist, known for his discovery of 1450:led to the growth of a mountain chain in the 715:, which comprises the state council; and the 8563: 8309:Nigussie Haregeweyn, and colleagues (2006). 8036: 7495: 7480: 7406: 7053:Sembroni, A.; Molin, P.; Dramis, F. (2019). 6626:", 17 January 2003 (archive.org mirror copy) 6053: 5987: 5985: 5668: 5308: 5293:Overall, these reservoirs suffer from rapid 4474:Alemseged Kebedew), and 12 other officials. 1777:, there is expectedly a varied use of rock. 1469:, that extents to the north and west of the 1056:, who ruled much of what is now Eritrea and 939:and was the first state to use the image of 8086: 8084: 7524: 7502:(Thesis). Canada: Simon Frazer University. 6898:. Cambridge University Press. p. 197. 6428: 6390: 5993:"National Statistics: Section-B Population" 5455:. They are known for better milk production 4482:There are three levels of the Tigray state 4445:is located at the lowest altitude (585 m). 1768: 1153:, rather than the Tigrayan imperial elite. 497:. The Tigray Region is the homeland of the 208:"There are no mountains we would not climb" 9518: 9504: 9133: 9119: 8267: 7963:. Mekelle University News. 11 October 2013 7736: 7734: 7732: 7730: 7728: 7726: 7724: 7366: 7303: 7010: 4699:had sent there as refugees (1314 artwork). 4550:Based on the 2007 census conducted by the 4448: 2491:Regularised stream, fed by Gereb Segen dam 1476:Subsequently, there was the deposition of 955: 8852: 8800: 8790: 8326: 8211:"FDRE States: Basic Information – Tigray" 8152:, pp. 2, 3, 10 (accessed 28 January 2009) 8097:. Central Statistics Agency. p. 74. 7704: 7205: 6865: 6523: 6473: 6471: 6439: 5982: 5638:) is an Ethiopian football club based in 4953:well known fiction writer and phylosopher 1095:alternated with others, chiefly those of 826: 733:Interim Regional Administration of Tigray 703:The government of Tigray consists of the 119:Learn how and when to remove this message 9083:– Dam Building in Tigray by David Mercer 9061:Map of Tigray Region at DPPA of Ethiopia 8081: 7930: 7354:Geological Map of Ethiopia (1:2,000,000) 7096:. Springer Netherlands. pp. 33–64. 7092:Abbate, E; Bruni, P.; Sagri, M. (2015). 6297: 5584: 5502: 5495:Monk standing in front of the rock-hewn 5490: 5482: 5385: 5353:, several exclosures are managed by the 5312: 5121:The small reservoirs in Tigray include: 5101: 5078: 5063: 5013: 4686: 4535: 4524: 4111:Largest cities or towns in Tigray Region 3252: 3244: 2524: 2486: 1578:, a broad regional uplift, deformed the 1538: 1285:war erupted between Eritrea and Ethiopia 1209: 1160: 959: 945: 842: 830: 191:The birthplace of Ethiopian civilization 9527:First-level administrative divisions of 9056:FDRE States: Basic Information – Tigray 8680: 8621: 8615: 8531:Soil Science Society of America Journal 7859: 7721: 6873:. London: Lalibela House. p. 328. 6662:. Oxford University Press. p. 48. 6364:National Geographic (3 December 2018). 5634:. (Tigrinya: ጋንታ ስሑል ሽረ, also known as 5589:Alula Aba Nega Airport near to Mekelle. 5542:, they are often located at the top of 4711:. The Tigrinya language belongs to the 2894:, sometimes considered a subspecies of 1598:. Almost at the same time, the Mekelle 1524:occurred, leading to the deposition of 1238:neighboring countries and all over the 532:to the west. Towns in Tigrai include: 470:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 308:50,079 km (19,336 sq mi) 9735: 9166:List of districts in the Tigray Region 8996: 8668:from the original on 27 September 2020 8191:from the original on 24 September 2018 7506:from the original on 26 September 2020 6468: 6149: 6083: 6071:from the original on 23 September 2018 4647: 3102:are found in bushy and shrubby areas. 2111:); one of its spurs is crossed by the 1816:, generally three elongated plates in 1609:A new magma intrusion occurred in the 1398:emergency food situation in the region 1156: 9499: 9114: 8809: 8766: 8582: 8185:"Tigray Region population statistics" 8160: 8158: 8006: 8004: 7908:. City Population. 19 February 2011. 7865: 7595: 6942:from the original on 19 November 2020 6891: 6788:from the original on 12 December 2022 6637:Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia 6481:, Oxford: Archaeopress, 2005, p. 121 6218:from the original on 19 November 2020 6162:from the original on 11 December 2022 4723:-speaking communities, including the 4497: 4109: 221:Map of Ethiopia showing Tigray Region 9039:Tigray Revenue Development Authority 8879: 8861:Animal Genetic Resources Information 8694:from the original on 1 February 2020 8654: 8104:from the original on 3 February 2021 8092:"Population and Housing Census 2007" 7935:Political Handbook of the World 2015 7912:from the original on 5 November 2021 7667: 7541:from the original on 3 February 2021 7313:Miruts Hagos and colleagues (2019). 7161:from the original on 3 February 2021 6998:from the original on 17 January 2021 6831:from the original on 24 January 2022 6600:from the original on 26 January 2022 6396: 6279:from the original on 22 October 2022 6266: 6099:from the original on 22 October 2013 5419:, long horned, especially raised in 5024: 4918:, Prime Minister, Ethiopia 1995–2012 4505: 4429:Of the 10 largest cities in Tigray, 1834:that naturally occur in rivers with 1789:. Preferentially, the easier shaped 1420: 1410:Famine Early Warning Systems Network 1346:From 2001 to 2010 the president was 1310: 472: instead of Ethiopic characters. 57:adding citations to reliable sources 28: 8622:Reubens, B. and colleagues (2019). 6722:from the original on 28 August 2022 6659:The Oxford Companion to Archaeology 6546:Herausgegeben von Uhlig, Siegbert; 6345:from the original on 8 January 2023 6314:from the original on 8 January 2023 5962:Bəh̩erawi Kəllelawi Mängəśti Təgrai 5390:Raya oxen at ploughing near Mekelle 4470:Gebre'egziabher), Auditor General ( 4466:Hagos Godefy), Educational Bureau ( 4453: 2939:Ethiopian large-eared roundleaf bat 13: 9087:"Tigrayans want end to border row" 9011:from the original on 4 August 2021 8155: 8001: 7352:Tefera, M.; Chernet, T.; Haro, W. 6912:from the original on 27 March 2023 6692:from the original on 27 March 2023 6417:from the original on 27 March 2023 6267:York, Geoffrey (21 October 2022). 5789:Tegaru Disaster Relief Fund (TDRF) 5538:, with designs partly inspired by 5442:and on the southwestern slopes of 4642: 4529:Tigrayan women washing clothes in 4477: 4367:Tigray Institute of Policy Studies 3241:Administrative zones and districts 2979:species. Species belonging to the 2482: 1970: 1773:As Tigray holds a wide variety of 1354:2020 administrative reorganisation 1111:. Following his 1889 death in the 891:. Other important cities included 509:. Its capital and largest city is 14: 9759: 9027: 8779:Mountain Research and Development 8662:"EthioTrees on Plan Vivo website" 8642:from the original on 8 March 2021 8603:from the original on 8 March 2021 8583:Jacob, M. and colleagues (2019). 7886:from the original on 8 March 2021 7866:Jacob, M. and colleagues (2019). 7847:from the original on 8 March 2021 7827:Meheretu Yonas; Leirs, H (2019). 7761:from the original on 8 March 2021 7616:from the original on 8 March 2021 7427:from the original on 8 March 2021 7333:from the original on 8 March 2021 7277:Journal of African Earth Sciences 7073:from the original on 8 March 2021 6968:from the original on 9 March 2021 6566:The African Archaeological Review 6332: 6248:from the original on 30 June 2021 6188:from the original on 7 March 2021 6150:Mellse, Merhawit (31 July 2021). 4894: 1876:and feeding, generally hewn from 9720: 9708: 9696: 9684: 9672: 9533: 9153: 8430:East African Journal of Sciences 8315:Land Degradation and Development 8174:, first draft, Tables 1, 4, 5, 6 7989:from the original on 16 May 2019 7468:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2010.10.006 7297:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2017.02.028 6131:from the original on 9 July 2021 6041:from the original on 9 July 2021 5883: 5845: 5807: 5572: 5423:and traded widely as plough oxen 5028: 4983:, the first full African general 4172: 4145: 2881: 2520: 1629:occurred in the valley bottoms. 1458:break-up led to the presence of 1408:, hosting 100,000 refugees. The 1314: 1197:Tsehafi Taezaz Aklilu Habte-Wold 760:arrived in Ethiopia through the 744:3rd millennium to 1st century BC 721:Tigray People's Liberation Front 450: 215: 174: 164: 33: 8990: 8960: 8936: 8909: 8889:. Cham: Springer Nature. 2019. 8747: 8706: 8688:"EthioTrees on Davines website" 8576: 8557: 8522: 8487: 8440: 8421: 8378: 8343: 8302: 8261: 8229: 8203: 8177: 8135: 8116: 8055: 8030: 7975: 7953: 7924: 7898: 7820: 7628: 7589: 7553: 7518: 7489: 7485:. Rome (Italy): R. Accad. Ital. 7481:Merla, G.; Minucci, E. (1938). 7474: 7439: 7407:Lerouge, F.; Aerts, R. (2019). 7360: 7345: 7268: 7233: 7214: 7173: 7108: 7085: 7046: 6980: 6954: 6924: 6885: 6859: 6843: 6800: 6770: 6734: 6704: 6676: 6649: 6624:Let's Look Across the Red Sea I 6612: 6553: 6540: 6491: 6357: 6326: 6298:Volodzko, David (10 May 2022). 6291: 6260: 6230: 6200: 5713:Mekelle Institute of Technology 4977:, the king of kings of Ethiopia 4932:'s child", the almost-complete 4767: 4580: 4541:Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion 4520: 4363:Mekelle Institute of Technology 4101: 3119:Chestnut-crowned Sparrow-Weaver 3073:Speckled or African rock pigeon 2900:), Ethiopian white-footed rat ( 1663:formations, contain a range of 1592:interbedded lacustrine deposits 1306: 1122: 1091:. Rulers of Tigray such as Ras 771:may have been near present-day 696:have the highest percentage of 44:needs additional citations for 8997:Tolesa, Dawit (26 June 2021). 8754:"CSA 2005 National Statistics" 8516:10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.04.027 8415:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.01.006 8037:Kiros Assefa, Simeneh (2010). 7583:10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.05.005 6174: 6143: 6111: 6021: 5943: 5800: 5784:Tigrai Development Association 5770:Non-governmental organisations 5060:Terracing and dam construction 5004: 4957:Tewolde Berhan Gebre Egziabher 3249:Administrative zones of Tigray 3071:can be found on steep cliffs; 2345:– sometimes transliterated as 1863:), or that are easily shaped ( 1724:silicified lacustrine deposits 1173:Following the outbreak of the 667:Tigray's official language is 487:Tigray National Regional State 355: • Official language 156:Tigray National Regional State 1: 8453:Biodiversity and Conservation 7786:Biodiversity and Conservation 7483:Missione geologica nel Tigrai 7254:10.1080/15567036.2018.1488015 7207:10.1080/17445647.2017.1351907 6964:. Reuters. 23 November 2020. 6807:Trivelli, Richard M. (1998). 6560:Phillipson, David W. (2009). 5975: 5752:Romanat Qeddus Mika'el Church 5731:St. Mary's University College 5580: 5507:Rock hewn Church interior at 4905:European university Institute 2297:, 2799 metres, summit of the 2023:), and highest peak of Tigray 1981:, 3954 metres, summit of the 1582:, leading to the eruption of 1504:). The break-up of Gondwana ( 1390:COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia 1375:2020 Tigray regional election 1362: 8966:Jacke Phillips, Tekle Hagos 8895:10.1007/978-3-030-04955-3_28 8723:10.1007/978-3-030-04955-3_19 8395:Journal of Arid Environments 8372:10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.011 8278:10.1007/978-3-030-04955-3_23 8213:. Population. Archived from 7389:10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.07.013 6716:UNESCO World Heritage Centre 5739: 5660: 5567: 5478: 5381: 5337:, protection from flooding, 4874: 4751:, whereas there are Agaw in 4682: 4391:Addis Pharmaceutical Factory 3128:is an Ethiopian relative of 1807:of homesteads, generally in 1415: 1257:, the ancient capital city, 7: 8944:The Rough Guide to Ethiopia 7496:Nixon-Darcus, L.A. (2014). 7102:10.1007/978-94-017-8026-1_2 6371:National Geographic Society 6124:(Report). 1 December 2019. 6034:(Report). 1 December 2019. 5961: 5937: 5686:Adwa Pan-African University 5611:Emperor Yohannes IV Airport 5458:In small towns: Cross-bred 5317:Mountains of Lemalimo near 5009: 4401:Adwa Pan African University 3009:Abyssinian Slaty Flycatcher 2981:Afrotropical Highland Biome 2872: 2856: 2840: 2824: 2808: 2792: 2776: 2760: 2744: 2728: 2712: 2696: 2680: 2664: 2648: 2632: 2626: 2610: 2594: 2578: 2562: 2515: 2393:, 2436 metres, part of the 1824:, with different tonalities 1441: 1008:, based in the district of 10: 9764: 7697:10.1007/s12371-020-00446-7 7534:. Addis Ababa University. 7025:Central Statistical Agency 7018:"2011 National Statistics" 6854:History of Ethiopian Towns 6440:Munro-Hay, Stuart (1991). 6403:, Routledge, p. 612, 6000:Central Statistical Agency 5613:(AXU), which serves Axum. 5347:non-timber forest products 4939:Australopithecus afarensis 4910:Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus 4859: 4846: 4833: 4820: 4807: 4794: 4781: 4618: 4605: 4592: 4552:Central Statistical Agency 4171: 4144: 3111:Sudan-Guinea Savanna Biome 1892:. Some very ancient paved 1632: 1436: 1366: 1268: 1190:as its chairman and Major 1052:), and the kingdom of the 738: 131:Regional state in Ethiopia 15: 9639: 9616: 9543: 9477: 9419: 9391: 9343: 9310: 9252: 9172: 9163: 8930:10.1017/S101423390000184X 8873:10.1017/S1014233900002169 8473:10.1007/s10531-007-9230-2 8141:Macro International Inc. 7806:10.1007/s10531-007-9230-2 6618:Pankhurst, Richard K.P.; 6578:10.1007/s10437-009-9064-2 5953: 5926: 5918: 5669:Colleges and universities 5616: 5309:Vegetation and enclosures 4776: 4773: 4768: 4675: 4660:— 4587: 4584: 4581: 4120: 3109:Species belonging to the 3104:Black-billed wood hoopoes 3082:Species belonging to the 2622:unstriped ground squirrel 1904:rounded metres-high heaps 931:empires. It converted to 422: 403: 391: 374: 364: 354: 349: 341: 333: 325: 320: 312: 304: 299: 286: 281: 271: 261: 226: 214: 201: 196: 188: 160: 155: 146: 136: 9051:Tigray State Information 9034:Tigray Region Web Portal 6685:Africa Geoscience Review 6548:Encyclopaedia Aethiopica 5794: 5779:Relief Society of Tigray 5749:Axum Heritage Foundation 5724:Sheba University College 5704:Mars Engineering College 4989:, The first Ethiopia spy 4879:The working language is 2958: 2908:Awash multimammate mouse 1769:Traditional uses of rock 1512:) led to an extensional 1242:, creating an Ethiopian 1233:observes that while the 1041:, Sahart and Abergele." 707:, led by the president, 140: 9044:28 October 2020 at the 9004:The Reporter (Ethiopia) 8566:Journal of the Drylands 8012:"Tigray Regional State" 6397:Shaw, Thurstan (1995), 5622:Mekelle 70 Enderta F.C. 5272:Gereb Segen (May Gabat) 4928:, also referred to as " 4903:, author, professor at 4449:Government and politics 4088:Kedamay Weyane Sub city 3164:woodlands in the area. 2967:, forest fragments and 2953:Blasius's horseshoe bat 2917: 2903:Stenocephalemys albipes 2495:Overall, the region is 1555:tectonic phase, a new ( 956:11th to 19th century AD 835:Axum Stele in the city 345:110/km (280/sq mi) 22:Tigray (disambiguation) 9105:Horn of Africa drought 8551:10.2136/sssaj2010.0176 7931:Lansford, Tom (2015). 6778:"Composite: NO Afrika" 6635:Henze, Paul B. (2005) 6516:10.1098/rspb.2009.0408 6002:. 2006. Archived from 5717:New Millennium College 5632:Shire Indasillasie F.C 5595:Alula Aba Nega Airport 5590: 5540:classical architecture 5511: 5500: 5488: 5429:, particularly in the 5413:, the dominant variety 5391: 5325:Tigray holds numerous 5322: 5110: 5087: 5072: 5037:This section is empty. 5022: 4951:Sebhat Gebre-Egziabher 4700: 4547: 4533: 4490:Tigray Supreme Court ( 3258: 3250: 3146:Yellow-breasted Barbet 3115:Green-backed eremomela 3053:Brown-rumped Seedeater 2935:Hipposideros megalotis 2892:Arvicanthis dembeensis 2554:Cercopithecus aethiops 2529: 2492: 2161:Upper plateaus of the 1548: 1225: 1170: 991:, from the borders of 976: 971:(emperor of the whole 952: 868:in northern Ethiopia. 848: 840: 827:1st to 10th century AD 785:iron tools and weapons 516:Tigray is bordered by 489:) is the northernmost 458:This article contains 438:/tigray-regional-state 20:. For other uses, see 8385:Aerts, R; Nyssen, J; 6333:Ochab, Dr Ewelina U. 6065:hdi.globaldatalab.org 5756:Gunda Gunde Monastery 5588: 5506: 5494: 5487:Debre Damo monastery. 5486: 5389: 5316: 5267:Gereb Segen (Hintalo) 5105: 5082: 5067: 5017: 4690: 4634:Historical population 4571:infant mortality rate 4539: 4528: 3256: 3248: 3152:are species from the 3130:Lilac-breasted Roller 3077:White-collared Pigeon 3065:White-billed Starling 2997:Abyssinian Woodpecker 2989:Black-winged Lovebird 2897:Arvicanthis niloticus 2886:The most common pest 2800:Oreotragus oreotragus 2756:white-tailed mongoose 2528: 2490: 2055:12.99417°N 39.50361°E 2011:12.84278°N 39.51750°E 1871:Troughs for livestock 1659:, interbedded in the 1613:, which gave rise to 1561:Amba Aradam Formation 1542: 1520:. As a consequence a 1213: 1188:Mengistu Haile Mariam 1164: 1127:In 1943, a rebellion 1087:, beginning with Ras 963: 949: 846: 834: 246:13.57500°N 39.08750°E 9097:Tigray: Then and Now 9089:by Elizabeth Blunt, 8980:28 July 2010 at the 8217:on 26 September 2007 7525:Gebre Teklu (2012). 7034:on 23 September 2015 6892:Young, John (2006). 6092:Eritrea and Ethiopia 5965:; formerly known as 5954:ብሔራዊ ክልላዊ መንግስቲ ትግራይ 5764:Debre Damo Monastery 5343:carbon sequestration 5303:groundwater recharge 5147:Hiza'iti Wedi Cheber 4969:Gebrehiwot Baykedagn 4460:Getachew Reda Kahsay 4387:Debre Damo monastery 3092:White-rumped Babbler 3022:Euphorbia abyssinica 3005:Rüppell's Robin-chat 2995:, Golden-mantled or 2944:Hipposideros tephrus 1888:, generally done as 1650:marine invertebrates 1522:marine transgression 1448:East African Orogeny 1201:Endalkachew Makonnen 1175:Ethiopian Revolution 935:in 325 or 328 under 847:Aksumite gold coins. 365: • Demonym 342: • Density 294:Getachew Reda Kahsay 53:improve this article 9748:Regions of Ethiopia 9449:Shire Inda Selassie 8830:2019SJTG...40..476T 8589:. Springer Nature. 8543:2011SSASJ..75..246M 8508:2006Geode.132..291D 8465:2008BiCon..17...53A 8407:2009JArEn..73..762A 8364:2008Caten..75...65H 8170:4 June 2012 at the 8148:17 May 2017 at the 7798:2008BiCon..17...53A 7747:. Springer Nature. 7689:2020Geohe..12....6N 7596:Aerts, Raf (2019). 7575:2015Geomo.246..156H 7460:2011JAfES..59..195K 7381:2006PPP...230..165M 7289:2017JAfES.129..870S 7198:2017JMaps..13..621S 7136:2015Geo....43..323S 6994:. 17 January 2021. 6938:. 4 November 2020. 6782:www.davidrumsey.com 6510:(1668): 2703–2710. 6214:. 4 November 2020. 6009:on 21 February 2007 5734:Winner college Axum 5695:Ethio-lmage College 5083:Crop harvesting in 4922:Zeresenay Alemseged 4901:Mehari Taddele Maru 4635: 4594:Orthodox Christians 4563:safe drinking water 4494:Hirity Miheretab). 4225:Shire Inda Selassie 3257:Districts of Tigray 3142:Black-billed Barbet 3088:Hemprich's Hornbill 3041:Grey-headed Sparrow 2912:Mastomys awashensis 2772:large grey mongoose 2768:Herpestes ichneumon 2752:Ichneumia albicauda 2720:Civettictis civetta 2644:black-backed jackal 2460: / 2419: / 2371: / 2323: / 2275: / 2231: / 2187: / 2142: / 2113:Siqurto foot tunnel 2095: / 2051: / 2007: / 1744:; and land snails ( 1657:lacustrine deposits 1494:Edaga Arbi Glacials 1460:tectonic structures 1406:Shire Inda Selassie 1297:bilateral agreement 1157:Ethiopian Civil War 1135:, Didibadergiajen, 698:Orthodox Christians 289:Chief Administrator 242: / 9603:Southwest Ethiopia 9421:North Western Zone 9312:South Eastern Zone 9093:, 20 December 2007 9081:Future Observatory 8838:10.1111/sjtg.12278 8763:, Tables D.4 – D.7 8759:2008-11-18 at the 8628:. SpringerNature. 8128:2008-11-18 at the 8069:on 5 November 2017 8018:on 8 December 2015 7872:. SpringerNature. 7833:. SpringerNature. 7637:Kindeya Gebrehiwot 7602:. SpringerNature. 7413:. SpringerNature. 7319:. SpringerNature. 7059:. SpringerNature. 6867:Pankhurst, Richard 6839:– via JSTOR. 6749:users.clas.ufl.edu 6608:– via JSTOR. 6273:The Globe and Mail 5708:Mekelle University 5676:Adigrat University 5591: 5512: 5501: 5489: 5438:, particularly in 5392: 5335:water infiltration 5323: 5111: 5088: 5073: 5023: 4916:Meles Zenawi Asres 4701: 4633: 4567:standard of living 4548: 4534: 4498:Legislative branch 4383:Adigrat University 4359:Mekelle University 3259: 3251: 3209:Yellow-billed kite 3160:but also occur in 3084:Somali-Masai Biome 3069:Little Rock Thrush 2963:With its numerous 2949:Rhinolophus blasii 2864:Mellivora capensis 2530: 2493: 2441:, 2388 metres, in 2349:, 2756 metres, in 2253:, 2917 metres, in 2209:, 3031 metres, in 2165:at 3057 metres in 2120:, 3199 metres, in 2073:, 3263 metres, in 2060:12.99417; 39.50361 2029:, 3438 metres, in 2016:12.84278; 39.51750 1551:At the end of the 1549: 1396:contributed to an 1326:. You can help by 1226: 1171: 977: 967:palace of Emperor 953: 849: 841: 713:legislative branch 686:Orthodox Christian 524:to the south, the 520:to the north, the 326: • Total 305: • Total 251:13.57500; 39.08750 9660: 9659: 9652:Flags and emblems 9563:Benishangul-Gumuz 9493: 9492: 8792:10.1659/mrd.00033 8732:978-3-030-04954-6 8635:978-3-030-04954-6 8596:978-3-030-04954-6 8287:978-3-030-04954-6 7879:978-3-030-04954-6 7840:978-3-030-04954-6 7754:978-3-030-04954-6 7641:Wildlife Research 7609:978-3-030-04954-6 7420:978-3-030-04954-6 7326:978-3-030-04954-6 7248:(17): 2079–2096. 7066:978-3-030-04954-6 6850:Richard Pankhurst 6669:978-0-19-973578-5 6410:978-0-415-11585-8 6242:www.aljazeera.com 5959: 5935: 5698:Greenwich College 5472:Holstein-Friesian 5440:Abergele (woreda) 5321:in western Tigray 5057: 5056: 4872: 4871: 4755:. There are also 4753:Abergele (woreda) 4680: 4679: 4631: 4630: 4506:National politics 4351: 4350: 4346: 4345: 4073:Adi Haqi Sub city 3984:Eisra Adi Wajirat 3974:Hagere Selam Town 3953:South East Tigray 3815:Shire Inda Slasse 3782:North West Tigray 3556:in January 2020: 3495:South East Tigray 3401:North West Tigray 3189:Aquila nipalensis 3150:Grey-headed Batis 3140:passage migrant. 3126:Abyssinian Roller 3057:Streaky Seedeater 3045:Baglafecht Weaver 3037:Dusky Turtle Dove 3033:Erckel's spurfowl 3028:Juniperus procera 3001:Montane White-eye 2925:occur in natural 2788:crested porcupine 2688:Procavia capensis 2546:Tigrinya language 2464:13.267°N 38.950°E 2443:Abergele (woreda) 2423:14.183°N 38.900°E 2375:13.333°N 39.517°E 2327:13.717°N 39.267°E 2279:14.100°N 39.433°E 2235:14.450°N 39.550°E 2191:14.050°N 39.717°E 2146:14.433°N 39.600°E 2099:14.267°N 39.417°E 1931:soil conservation 1759:Tigrinya language 1680:Paracenoceratidae 1502:Adigrat Sandstone 1498:Enticho Sandstone 1490:glacial sediments 1467:planation surface 1433:area calculator. 1421:Location and size 1344: 1343: 1253:(EPRDF) captured 1149:Amhara regime of 1113:Battle of Metemma 1075:By the unsettled 1069:Bahr negus Yeshaq 858:According to the 764:and then Tigray. 528:to the east, and 485:; officially the 466:rendering support 446: 445: 334: • Rank 313: • Rank 129: 128: 121: 103: 9755: 9725: 9724: 9713: 9712: 9711: 9701: 9700: 9689: 9688: 9687: 9677: 9676: 9675: 9668: 9618:Chartered cities 9568:Central Ethiopia 9538: 9537: 9520: 9513: 9506: 9497: 9496: 9297:Saesi Tsaedaemba 9158: 9157: 9156: 9135: 9128: 9121: 9112: 9111: 9021: 9020: 9018: 9016: 8994: 8988: 8964: 8958: 8957: 8940: 8934: 8933: 8913: 8907: 8906: 8883: 8877: 8876: 8856: 8850: 8849: 8813: 8807: 8806: 8804: 8794: 8770: 8764: 8751: 8745: 8744: 8710: 8704: 8703: 8701: 8699: 8684: 8678: 8677: 8675: 8673: 8658: 8652: 8651: 8649: 8647: 8619: 8613: 8612: 8610: 8608: 8580: 8574: 8573: 8561: 8555: 8554: 8526: 8520: 8519: 8502:(3–4): 291–314. 8491: 8485: 8484: 8444: 8438: 8437: 8425: 8419: 8418: 8382: 8376: 8375: 8347: 8341: 8340: 8330: 8306: 8300: 8299: 8265: 8259: 8258: 8256: 8254: 8249:on 1 August 2016 8248: 8242:. Archived from 8241: 8233: 8227: 8226: 8224: 8222: 8207: 8201: 8200: 8198: 8196: 8181: 8175: 8162: 8153: 8139: 8133: 8120: 8114: 8113: 8111: 8109: 8103: 8096: 8088: 8079: 8078: 8076: 8074: 8059: 8053: 8052: 8034: 8028: 8027: 8025: 8023: 8008: 7999: 7998: 7996: 7994: 7979: 7973: 7972: 7970: 7968: 7957: 7951: 7950: 7938: 7928: 7922: 7921: 7919: 7917: 7902: 7896: 7895: 7893: 7891: 7863: 7857: 7856: 7854: 7852: 7824: 7818: 7817: 7777: 7771: 7770: 7768: 7766: 7738: 7719: 7718: 7708: 7671: 7665: 7664: 7632: 7626: 7625: 7623: 7621: 7593: 7587: 7586: 7557: 7551: 7550: 7548: 7546: 7540: 7533: 7522: 7516: 7515: 7513: 7511: 7493: 7487: 7486: 7478: 7472: 7471: 7454:(2–3): 195–214. 7443: 7437: 7436: 7434: 7432: 7404: 7393: 7392: 7375:(1–2): 162–178. 7364: 7358: 7357: 7349: 7343: 7342: 7340: 7338: 7310: 7301: 7300: 7272: 7266: 7265: 7237: 7231: 7230: 7218: 7212: 7211: 7209: 7177: 7171: 7170: 7168: 7166: 7160: 7144:10.1130/G36347.1 7121: 7112: 7106: 7105: 7089: 7083: 7082: 7080: 7078: 7050: 7044: 7043: 7041: 7039: 7033: 7027:. Archived from 7022: 7014: 7008: 7007: 7005: 7003: 6984: 6978: 6977: 6975: 6973: 6958: 6952: 6951: 6949: 6947: 6928: 6922: 6921: 6919: 6917: 6889: 6883: 6882: 6863: 6857: 6847: 6841: 6840: 6838: 6836: 6804: 6798: 6797: 6795: 6793: 6774: 6768: 6767: 6765: 6763: 6758:on 29 March 2018 6757: 6751:. Archived from 6746: 6738: 6732: 6731: 6729: 6727: 6708: 6702: 6701: 6699: 6697: 6680: 6674: 6673: 6653: 6647: 6633: 6627: 6616: 6610: 6609: 6607: 6605: 6557: 6551: 6544: 6538: 6537: 6527: 6495: 6489: 6475: 6466: 6465: 6463: 6461: 6455: 6448: 6437: 6426: 6425: 6424: 6422: 6394: 6388: 6387: 6385: 6383: 6378:on 4 August 2021 6374:. Archived from 6361: 6355: 6354: 6352: 6350: 6330: 6324: 6323: 6321: 6319: 6295: 6289: 6288: 6286: 6284: 6264: 6258: 6257: 6255: 6253: 6234: 6228: 6227: 6225: 6223: 6204: 6198: 6197: 6195: 6193: 6178: 6172: 6171: 6169: 6167: 6147: 6141: 6140: 6138: 6136: 6130: 6123: 6115: 6109: 6108: 6106: 6104: 6087: 6081: 6080: 6078: 6076: 6057: 6051: 6050: 6048: 6046: 6040: 6033: 6025: 6019: 6018: 6016: 6014: 6008: 5997: 5989: 5970: 5964: 5958:romanized: 5957: 5955: 5947: 5941: 5940: 5930: 5928: 5920: 5912: 5911: 5908: 5907: 5904: 5901: 5898: 5895: 5892: 5889: 5880: 5879: 5878: 5877: 5870: 5867: 5866: 5863: 5860: 5857: 5854: 5851: 5842: 5841: 5840: 5839: 5832: 5829: 5828: 5825: 5822: 5819: 5816: 5813: 5804: 5760:Agwaza Monastery 5701:Hashenge College 5509:Abuna Yemata Guh 5497:Abuna Yemata Guh 5402:Mainly used for 5052: 5049: 5039:You can help by 5032: 5025: 5018:Heaped straw or 4999:Deqiqe Estefanos 4965:, Olympic Runner 4766: 4765: 4749:Alamata (woreda) 4649: 4644: 4636: 4632: 4579: 4578: 4454:Executive branch 4411:Aksum University 4176: 4149: 4123: 4122: 4107: 4106: 4068:Hawelti Sub city 3715:Edaga Hamus Town 3406:Asigede Tsimbela 3389:Saesi Tsaedaemba 3213:Milvus aegyptius 3100:Rüppell's Weaver 3039:, Swainson's or 2875: 2859: 2843: 2827: 2816:Orycteropus afer 2811: 2795: 2784:Hystrix cristata 2779: 2763: 2747: 2731: 2715: 2704:Felis silvestris 2699: 2683: 2676:hamadryas baboon 2667: 2651: 2635: 2629: 2624:, ምጹጽላይ or ጨጨራ ( 2613: 2597: 2581: 2565: 2540:and the endemic 2475: 2474: 2472: 2471: 2470: 2465: 2461: 2458: 2457: 2456: 2453: 2434: 2433: 2431: 2430: 2429: 2424: 2420: 2417: 2416: 2415: 2412: 2386: 2385: 2383: 2382: 2381: 2376: 2372: 2369: 2368: 2367: 2364: 2338: 2337: 2335: 2334: 2333: 2328: 2324: 2321: 2320: 2319: 2316: 2290: 2289: 2287: 2286: 2285: 2280: 2276: 2273: 2272: 2271: 2268: 2246: 2245: 2243: 2242: 2241: 2236: 2232: 2229: 2228: 2227: 2224: 2202: 2201: 2199: 2198: 2197: 2192: 2188: 2185: 2184: 2183: 2180: 2157: 2156: 2154: 2153: 2152: 2147: 2143: 2140: 2139: 2138: 2135: 2110: 2109: 2107: 2106: 2105: 2100: 2096: 2093: 2092: 2091: 2088: 2066: 2065: 2063: 2062: 2061: 2056: 2052: 2049: 2048: 2047: 2044: 2022: 2021: 2019: 2018: 2017: 2012: 2008: 2005: 2004: 2003: 2000: 1845:Door and window 1741:Pirenella conica 1729:Pila (gastropod) 1722:In the Tertiary 1675:Antalo Limestone 1639:Antalo Limestone 1621:, deposition of 1545:Antalo Limestone 1530:Antalo Limestone 1526:marine sediments 1339: 1336: 1318: 1311: 1151:Haile Selassie I 1146:Woyane rebellion 1074: 973:Ethiopian Empire 821:Aksumite Kingdom 705:executive branch 454: 453: 442: 439: 437: 436:/regional-states 435: 433: 431: 429: 414: 257: 256: 254: 253: 252: 247: 243: 240: 239: 238: 235: 219: 209: 204: 203: 178: 168: 134: 133: 124: 117: 113: 110: 104: 102: 61: 37: 29: 9763: 9762: 9758: 9757: 9756: 9754: 9753: 9752: 9733: 9732: 9731: 9719: 9709: 9707: 9695: 9685: 9683: 9673: 9671: 9663: 9661: 9656: 9635: 9612: 9539: 9532: 9524: 9494: 9489: 9473: 9434:La'ilay Adiyabo 9415: 9387: 9339: 9330:Hintalo Wajirat 9306: 9248: 9219:La'ilay Maychew 9168: 9159: 9154: 9152: 9139: 9046:Wayback Machine 9030: 9025: 9024: 9014: 9012: 8995: 8991: 8987:(December 2004) 8982:Wayback Machine 8965: 8961: 8954: 8942: 8941: 8937: 8914: 8910: 8885: 8884: 8880: 8857: 8853: 8814: 8810: 8771: 8767: 8761:Wayback Machine 8752: 8748: 8733: 8711: 8707: 8697: 8695: 8686: 8685: 8681: 8671: 8669: 8660: 8659: 8655: 8645: 8643: 8636: 8620: 8616: 8606: 8604: 8597: 8581: 8577: 8562: 8558: 8527: 8523: 8492: 8488: 8445: 8441: 8426: 8422: 8383: 8379: 8348: 8344: 8328:10.1002/ldr.698 8307: 8303: 8288: 8266: 8262: 8252: 8250: 8246: 8239: 8235: 8234: 8230: 8220: 8218: 8209: 8208: 8204: 8194: 8192: 8183: 8182: 8178: 8172:Wayback Machine 8163: 8156: 8150:Wayback Machine 8140: 8136: 8130:Wayback Machine 8121: 8117: 8107: 8105: 8101: 8094: 8090: 8089: 8082: 8072: 8070: 8061: 8060: 8056: 8049: 8035: 8031: 8021: 8019: 8010: 8009: 8002: 7992: 7990: 7981: 7980: 7976: 7966: 7964: 7959: 7958: 7954: 7947: 7929: 7925: 7915: 7913: 7904: 7903: 7899: 7889: 7887: 7880: 7864: 7860: 7850: 7848: 7841: 7825: 7821: 7778: 7774: 7764: 7762: 7755: 7739: 7722: 7672: 7668: 7653:10.1071/WR14121 7633: 7629: 7619: 7617: 7610: 7594: 7590: 7558: 7554: 7544: 7542: 7538: 7531: 7523: 7519: 7509: 7507: 7494: 7490: 7479: 7475: 7448:J Afr Earth Sci 7444: 7440: 7430: 7428: 7421: 7405: 7396: 7365: 7361: 7350: 7346: 7336: 7334: 7327: 7311: 7304: 7273: 7269: 7238: 7234: 7219: 7215: 7186:Journal of Maps 7178: 7174: 7164: 7162: 7158: 7119: 7113: 7109: 7090: 7086: 7076: 7074: 7067: 7051: 7047: 7037: 7035: 7031: 7020: 7016: 7015: 7011: 7001: 6999: 6986: 6985: 6981: 6971: 6969: 6960: 6959: 6955: 6945: 6943: 6930: 6929: 6925: 6915: 6913: 6906: 6890: 6886: 6864: 6860: 6848: 6844: 6834: 6832: 6813:Africa Spectrum 6805: 6801: 6791: 6789: 6776: 6775: 6771: 6761: 6759: 6755: 6744: 6740: 6739: 6735: 6725: 6723: 6710: 6709: 6705: 6695: 6693: 6682: 6681: 6677: 6670: 6654: 6650: 6634: 6630: 6617: 6613: 6603: 6601: 6558: 6554: 6545: 6541: 6496: 6492: 6477:Nadia Durrani, 6476: 6469: 6459: 6457: 6456:on 5 April 2013 6453: 6446: 6438: 6429: 6420: 6418: 6411: 6395: 6391: 6381: 6379: 6362: 6358: 6348: 6346: 6331: 6327: 6317: 6315: 6296: 6292: 6282: 6280: 6265: 6261: 6251: 6249: 6236: 6235: 6231: 6221: 6219: 6206: 6205: 6201: 6191: 6189: 6180: 6179: 6175: 6165: 6163: 6148: 6144: 6134: 6132: 6128: 6121: 6117: 6116: 6112: 6102: 6100: 6089: 6088: 6084: 6074: 6072: 6059: 6058: 6054: 6044: 6042: 6038: 6031: 6027: 6026: 6022: 6012: 6010: 6006: 5995: 5991: 5990: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5948: 5944: 5886: 5882: 5873: 5872: 5848: 5844: 5835: 5834: 5810: 5806: 5805: 5801: 5797: 5772: 5742: 5737: 5691:Raya University 5681:Axum University 5671: 5663: 5619: 5583: 5575: 5570: 5526:, Teka-Tesfay, 5481: 5436:Abergele cattle 5421:Southern Tigray 5384: 5369:, as part of a 5368: 5311: 5291: 5247:Gereb May Zib'i 5227:Era (reservoir) 5062: 5053: 5047: 5044: 5012: 5007: 4897: 4877: 4770: 4709:Tigrayan people 4685: 4523: 4508: 4500: 4480: 4478:Judicial branch 4456: 4451: 4421:Raya University 4352: 4347: 4212:La'ilay Maychew 4177: 4150: 4116: 4115: 4112: 4104: 4099: 4083:Semien Sub city 4063:Hadnet Sub city 4059:(special zone) 3837:Seyemti Adiyabo 3804:Laelay Tselemti 3775:Zalambessa Town 3695:Tsirae Wenberta 3549: 3505:Hintalo Wajirat 3411:La'ilay Adiyabo 3322:La'ilay Maychew 3243: 3197:Falco biarmicus 3158:Northern Africa 3134:European Roller 3096:Somali Starling 3013:Tacazze Sunbird 2961: 2933:cave comprises 2920: 2884: 2879: 2832:Genetta genetta 2708:African wildcat 2672:Papio hamadryas 2640:Canis mesomelas 2602:Panthera pardus 2586:Caracal caracal 2570:Crocuta crocuta 2523: 2518: 2506:water shortages 2485: 2483:Water challenge 2468: 2466: 2462: 2459: 2454: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2446: 2427: 2425: 2421: 2418: 2413: 2410: 2408: 2406: 2405: 2379: 2377: 2373: 2370: 2365: 2362: 2360: 2358: 2357: 2351:Hintalo Wajirat 2331: 2329: 2325: 2322: 2317: 2314: 2312: 2310: 2309: 2283: 2281: 2277: 2274: 2269: 2266: 2264: 2262: 2261: 2239: 2237: 2233: 2230: 2225: 2222: 2220: 2218: 2217: 2195: 2193: 2189: 2186: 2181: 2178: 2176: 2174: 2173: 2150: 2148: 2144: 2141: 2136: 2133: 2131: 2129: 2128: 2103: 2101: 2097: 2094: 2089: 2086: 2084: 2082: 2081: 2059: 2057: 2053: 2050: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2038: 2037: 2015: 2013: 2009: 2006: 2001: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1993: 1973: 1971:Major mountains 1914:Contour bunding 1832:rock-cut basins 1771: 1761:, which means ‘ 1635: 1625:and freshwater 1506:Late Palaeozoic 1444: 1439: 1423: 1418: 1394:locust outbreak 1371: 1365: 1356: 1340: 1334: 1331: 1324:needs expansion 1309: 1301:border conflict 1271: 1169:regime in 1991. 1159: 1125: 1077:Zemene Mesafint 1072: 1071:'s rebellions, 1033:, Amba Senayt, 958: 829: 746: 741: 717:judicial branch 475: 474: 473: 464:Without proper 455: 451: 426: 412: 411: 250: 248: 244: 241: 236: 233: 231: 229: 228: 222: 210: 207: 206: 197:Motto(s): 192: 189:Nickname: 184: 183: 182: 181: 172: 171: 151: 142: 139: 132: 125: 114: 108: 105: 68:"Tigray Region" 62: 60: 50: 38: 25: 18:Tigray Province 12: 11: 5: 9761: 9751: 9750: 9745: 9730: 9729: 9717: 9705: 9693: 9681: 9658: 9657: 9655: 9654: 9649: 9643: 9641: 9637: 9636: 9634: 9633: 9628: 9622: 9620: 9614: 9613: 9611: 9610: 9605: 9600: 9598:South Ethiopia 9595: 9590: 9585: 9580: 9575: 9570: 9565: 9560: 9555: 9549: 9547: 9541: 9540: 9523: 9522: 9515: 9508: 9500: 9491: 9490: 9488: 9487: 9481: 9479: 9475: 9474: 9472: 9471: 9466: 9461: 9456: 9454:Tahtay Adiyabo 9451: 9446: 9441: 9436: 9431: 9429:Asgede Tsimbla 9425: 9423: 9417: 9416: 9414: 9413: 9408: 9403: 9397: 9395: 9389: 9388: 9386: 9385: 9380: 9375: 9370: 9365: 9360: 9355: 9349: 9347: 9341: 9340: 9338: 9337: 9332: 9327: 9322: 9320:Dogu'a Tembien 9316: 9314: 9308: 9307: 9305: 9304: 9299: 9294: 9292:Kilte Awulaelo 9289: 9284: 9279: 9274: 9269: 9267:Atsbi Wenberta 9264: 9258: 9256: 9250: 9249: 9247: 9246: 9241: 9239:Tanqua Millash 9236: 9234:Tahtay Maychew 9231: 9226: 9221: 9216: 9215: 9214: 9204: 9199: 9194: 9189: 9184: 9178: 9176: 9170: 9169: 9164: 9161: 9160: 9138: 9137: 9130: 9123: 9115: 9109: 9108: 9094: 9084: 9078: 9073: 9068: 9063: 9058: 9053: 9048: 9036: 9029: 9028:External links 9026: 9023: 9022: 8989: 8959: 8952: 8935: 8908: 8878: 8851: 8824:(3): 476–495. 8808: 8802:1854/LU-854326 8785:(3): 255–264. 8765: 8746: 8731: 8705: 8679: 8653: 8634: 8614: 8595: 8575: 8556: 8537:(1): 246–256. 8521: 8486: 8439: 8420: 8401:(8): 762–763. 8377: 8342: 8301: 8286: 8260: 8228: 8202: 8176: 8154: 8134: 8115: 8080: 8054: 8048:978-1450003391 8047: 8029: 8000: 7974: 7952: 7946:978-1483371559 7945: 7923: 7897: 7878: 7858: 7839: 7819: 7772: 7753: 7720: 7666: 7647:(2): 158–164. 7627: 7608: 7588: 7552: 7517: 7488: 7473: 7438: 7419: 7394: 7359: 7344: 7325: 7302: 7267: 7232: 7223:Mem. Sci. Geol 7213: 7192:(2): 621–631. 7172: 7130:(3): 323–326. 7107: 7084: 7065: 7045: 7009: 6979: 6953: 6923: 6904: 6884: 6858: 6842: 6819:(3): 257–289. 6799: 6769: 6733: 6703: 6675: 6668: 6648: 6628: 6611: 6572:(4): 257–274. 6552: 6539: 6490: 6467: 6427: 6409: 6389: 6356: 6325: 6290: 6259: 6229: 6199: 6184:. Al Jazeera. 6173: 6142: 6110: 6082: 6052: 6020: 5980: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5971: 5942: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5792: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5771: 5768: 5767: 5766: 5761: 5758: 5753: 5750: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5735: 5732: 5729: 5728:Signal College 5726: 5721: 5718: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5702: 5699: 5696: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5662: 5659: 5655:Tour de France 5636:Sihul Shire FC 5618: 5615: 5607:Dansha Airport 5603:Humera Airport 5582: 5579: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5480: 5477: 5476: 5475: 5456: 5453:western Tigray 5446: 5444:Dogu’a Tembien 5433: 5424: 5414: 5383: 5380: 5366: 5359:carbon credits 5351:Dogu'a Tembien 5310: 5307: 5290: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5123: 5061: 5058: 5055: 5054: 5035: 5033: 5011: 5008: 5006: 5003: 5002: 5001: 4996: 4990: 4984: 4978: 4972: 4966: 4960: 4954: 4948: 4943: 4919: 4913: 4907: 4896: 4895:Notable people 4893: 4876: 4873: 4870: 4869: 4866: 4863: 4857: 4856: 4853: 4850: 4844: 4843: 4840: 4837: 4831: 4830: 4827: 4824: 4818: 4817: 4814: 4811: 4805: 4804: 4801: 4798: 4792: 4791: 4788: 4785: 4779: 4778: 4775: 4772: 4715:branch of the 4684: 4681: 4678: 4677: 4673: 4672: 4669: 4666: 4662: 4661: 4658: 4655: 4651: 4650: 4645: 4640: 4629: 4628: 4625: 4622: 4616: 4615: 4612: 4609: 4603: 4602: 4599: 4596: 4590: 4589: 4586: 4583: 4522: 4519: 4507: 4504: 4499: 4496: 4479: 4476: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4427: 4426: 4425: 4424: 4414: 4404: 4394: 4349: 4348: 4344: 4343: 4340: 4338:Tahtay Adiyabo 4335: 4330: 4326: 4325: 4322: 4317: 4312: 4308: 4307: 4304: 4302:Kilte Awulaelo 4299: 4294: 4290: 4289: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4272: 4271: 4268: 4263: 4258: 4254: 4253: 4250: 4245: 4240: 4236: 4235: 4232: 4227: 4222: 4218: 4217: 4214: 4209: 4204: 4200: 4199: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4182: 4181: 4170: 4167: 4162: 4157: 4154: 4142: 4141: 4139: 4136: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4121: 4118: 4117: 4113: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4097: 4096: 4095: 4093:Ayder Sub city 4090: 4085: 4080: 4078:Quiha Sub city 4075: 4070: 4065: 4054: 4053: 4052: 4047: 4042: 4036: 4030: 4024: 4019: 4014: 4008: 3998: 3997: 3996: 3991: 3986: 3981: 3976: 3971: 3966: 3961: 3950: 3949: 3948: 3943: 3938: 3933: 3928: 3923: 3918: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3872: 3871: 3870: 3865: 3860: 3855: 3850: 3848:Tahtay Adiyabo 3845: 3839: 3834: 3829: 3823: 3818: 3812: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3795:or Adi Hageray 3793:Maekel Adiyabo 3790: 3779: 3778: 3777: 3772: 3767: 3762: 3757: 3752: 3750:Kilte Awulaelo 3747: 3742: 3737: 3732: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3687: 3677: 3676: 3675: 3670: 3668:Tahtay Maichew 3665: 3660: 3655: 3653:Laelay Maychew 3650: 3645: 3640: 3635: 3629: 3624: 3619: 3614: 3609: 3604: 3599: 3594: 3589: 3584: 3579: 3577:Abiy Addi Town 3574: 3569: 3562:Central Tigray 3558: 3548: 3547: 3546:(special zone) 3541: 3540: 3539: 3534: 3529: 3524: 3514: 3513: 3512: 3507: 3502: 3492: 3491: 3490: 3485: 3480: 3475: 3470: 3465: 3460: 3455: 3445: 3444: 3443: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3423: 3421:Tahtay Adiyabo 3418: 3413: 3408: 3398: 3397: 3396: 3391: 3386: 3384:Kilte Awulaelo 3381: 3376: 3371: 3366: 3361: 3359:Atsbi Wenberta 3356: 3346: 3345: 3344: 3339: 3337:Tahtay Maychew 3334: 3329: 3324: 3319: 3314: 3309: 3307:Dogu'a Tembien 3304: 3299: 3294: 3289: 3287:Abiy Addi Town 3284: 3277:Central Tigray 3273: 3242: 3239: 3205:Milvus migrans 3177:Common Buzzard 3136:, an uncommon 3049:African Citril 2971:, Tigray is a 2969:church forests 2960: 2957: 2919: 2916: 2883: 2880: 2878: 2877: 2861: 2848:Lepus capensis 2845: 2829: 2813: 2797: 2781: 2765: 2749: 2733: 2717: 2701: 2685: 2669: 2653: 2637: 2615: 2599: 2583: 2567: 2550: 2538:Western Tigray 2522: 2519: 2517: 2514: 2484: 2481: 2480: 2479: 2478: 2477: 2469:13.267; 38.950 2436: 2428:14.183; 38.900 2388: 2380:13.333; 39.517 2340: 2332:13.717; 39.267 2292: 2284:14.100; 39.433 2248: 2240:14.450; 39.550 2204: 2196:14.050; 39.717 2167:Atsbi Wenberta 2159: 2151:14.433; 39.600 2115: 2104:14.267; 39.417 2068: 2024: 1972: 1969: 1968: 1967: 1966: 1965: 1953: 1933: 1910: 1900: 1897: 1890:community work 1880: 1868: 1843: 1825: 1811: 1802: 1770: 1767: 1713:coral colonies 1643:upper Jurassic 1634: 1631: 1518:Horn of Africa 1514:tectonic phase 1510:Early Triassic 1471:Dogu'a Tembien 1443: 1440: 1438: 1435: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1414: 1383:Western Tigray 1373:Following the 1367:Main article: 1364: 1361: 1355: 1352: 1342: 1341: 1321: 1319: 1308: 1305: 1293:United Nations 1270: 1267: 1217:Columba guinea 1158: 1155: 1124: 1121: 1093:Wolde Selassie 957: 954: 943:on its coins. 897:Hawulti-Melazo 828: 825: 745: 742: 740: 737: 700:in the world. 491:regional state 468:, you may see 456: 449: 448: 447: 444: 443: 424: 420: 419: 408: 401: 400: 395: 389: 388: 378: 372: 371: 366: 362: 361: 356: 352: 351: 347: 346: 343: 339: 338: 335: 331: 330: 327: 323: 322: 318: 317: 314: 310: 309: 306: 302: 301: 297: 296: 291: 284: 283: 279: 278: 273: 269: 268: 263: 259: 258: 224: 223: 220: 212: 211: 198: 194: 193: 190: 186: 185: 179: 173: 169: 163: 162: 161: 158: 157: 153: 152: 149:Regional state 147: 144: 143: 137: 130: 127: 126: 41: 39: 32: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9760: 9749: 9746: 9744: 9743:Tigray Region 9741: 9740: 9738: 9728: 9723: 9718: 9716: 9706: 9704: 9699: 9694: 9692: 9682: 9680: 9670: 9669: 9666: 9653: 9650: 9648: 9645: 9644: 9642: 9638: 9632: 9629: 9627: 9624: 9623: 9621: 9619: 9615: 9609: 9606: 9604: 9601: 9599: 9596: 9594: 9591: 9589: 9586: 9584: 9581: 9579: 9576: 9574: 9571: 9569: 9566: 9564: 9561: 9559: 9556: 9554: 9551: 9550: 9548: 9546: 9542: 9536: 9531: 9528: 9521: 9516: 9514: 9509: 9507: 9502: 9501: 9498: 9486: 9483: 9482: 9480: 9478:Special Zones 9476: 9470: 9467: 9465: 9462: 9460: 9459:Tahtay Koraro 9457: 9455: 9452: 9450: 9447: 9445: 9442: 9440: 9437: 9435: 9432: 9430: 9427: 9426: 9424: 9422: 9418: 9412: 9409: 9407: 9404: 9402: 9399: 9398: 9396: 9394: 9390: 9384: 9381: 9379: 9376: 9374: 9371: 9369: 9366: 9364: 9361: 9359: 9356: 9354: 9351: 9350: 9348: 9346: 9345:Southern Zone 9342: 9336: 9335:Saharti Samre 9333: 9331: 9328: 9326: 9323: 9321: 9318: 9317: 9315: 9313: 9309: 9303: 9300: 9298: 9295: 9293: 9290: 9288: 9285: 9283: 9280: 9278: 9275: 9273: 9272:Ganta Afeshum 9270: 9268: 9265: 9263: 9260: 9259: 9257: 9255: 9251: 9245: 9242: 9240: 9237: 9235: 9232: 9230: 9227: 9225: 9222: 9220: 9217: 9213: 9210: 9209: 9208: 9205: 9203: 9200: 9198: 9195: 9193: 9190: 9188: 9185: 9183: 9180: 9179: 9177: 9175: 9171: 9167: 9162: 9151: 9150:Tigray Region 9147: 9143: 9136: 9131: 9129: 9124: 9122: 9117: 9116: 9113: 9106: 9102: 9099:– the son of 9098: 9095: 9092: 9088: 9085: 9082: 9079: 9077: 9074: 9072: 9069: 9067: 9064: 9062: 9059: 9057: 9054: 9052: 9049: 9047: 9043: 9040: 9037: 9035: 9032: 9031: 9010: 9006: 9005: 9000: 8993: 8986: 8983: 8979: 8976: 8975: 8969: 8963: 8955: 8953:9780241181850 8949: 8945: 8939: 8931: 8927: 8923: 8919: 8912: 8904: 8900: 8896: 8892: 8888: 8882: 8874: 8870: 8866: 8862: 8855: 8847: 8843: 8839: 8835: 8831: 8827: 8823: 8819: 8812: 8803: 8798: 8793: 8788: 8784: 8780: 8776: 8769: 8762: 8758: 8755: 8750: 8742: 8738: 8734: 8728: 8724: 8720: 8716: 8709: 8693: 8689: 8683: 8667: 8663: 8657: 8641: 8637: 8631: 8627: 8626: 8618: 8602: 8598: 8592: 8588: 8587: 8579: 8571: 8567: 8560: 8552: 8548: 8544: 8540: 8536: 8532: 8525: 8517: 8513: 8509: 8505: 8501: 8497: 8490: 8482: 8478: 8474: 8470: 8466: 8462: 8458: 8454: 8450: 8443: 8435: 8431: 8424: 8416: 8412: 8408: 8404: 8400: 8396: 8392: 8388: 8381: 8373: 8369: 8365: 8361: 8357: 8353: 8346: 8338: 8334: 8329: 8324: 8320: 8316: 8312: 8305: 8297: 8293: 8289: 8283: 8279: 8275: 8271: 8264: 8245: 8238: 8232: 8216: 8212: 8206: 8190: 8186: 8180: 8173: 8169: 8166: 8165:"Census 2007" 8161: 8159: 8151: 8147: 8144: 8138: 8131: 8127: 8124: 8119: 8100: 8093: 8087: 8085: 8068: 8064: 8058: 8050: 8044: 8040: 8033: 8017: 8013: 8007: 8005: 7988: 7984: 7978: 7962: 7956: 7948: 7942: 7937: 7936: 7927: 7911: 7907: 7901: 7885: 7881: 7875: 7871: 7870: 7862: 7846: 7842: 7836: 7832: 7831: 7823: 7815: 7811: 7807: 7803: 7799: 7795: 7791: 7787: 7783: 7776: 7760: 7756: 7750: 7746: 7745: 7737: 7735: 7733: 7731: 7729: 7727: 7725: 7716: 7712: 7707: 7702: 7698: 7694: 7690: 7686: 7682: 7678: 7670: 7662: 7658: 7654: 7650: 7646: 7642: 7638: 7631: 7615: 7611: 7605: 7601: 7600: 7592: 7584: 7580: 7576: 7572: 7568: 7564: 7563:Geomorphology 7556: 7537: 7530: 7529: 7521: 7505: 7501: 7500: 7492: 7484: 7477: 7469: 7465: 7461: 7457: 7453: 7449: 7442: 7426: 7422: 7416: 7412: 7411: 7403: 7401: 7399: 7390: 7386: 7382: 7378: 7374: 7370: 7363: 7355: 7348: 7332: 7328: 7322: 7318: 7317: 7309: 7307: 7298: 7294: 7290: 7286: 7282: 7278: 7271: 7263: 7259: 7255: 7251: 7247: 7243: 7236: 7228: 7224: 7217: 7208: 7203: 7199: 7195: 7191: 7187: 7183: 7176: 7157: 7153: 7149: 7145: 7141: 7137: 7133: 7129: 7125: 7118: 7111: 7103: 7099: 7095: 7088: 7072: 7068: 7062: 7058: 7057: 7049: 7030: 7026: 7019: 7013: 6997: 6993: 6989: 6983: 6967: 6963: 6957: 6941: 6937: 6933: 6927: 6911: 6907: 6905:9780521026062 6901: 6897: 6896: 6888: 6880: 6876: 6872: 6868: 6862: 6855: 6851: 6846: 6830: 6826: 6822: 6818: 6814: 6810: 6803: 6787: 6783: 6779: 6773: 6754: 6750: 6743: 6737: 6721: 6717: 6713: 6707: 6691: 6687: 6686: 6679: 6671: 6665: 6661: 6660: 6652: 6646: 6645:1-85065-522-7 6642: 6638: 6632: 6625: 6621: 6620:Addis Tribune 6615: 6599: 6595: 6591: 6587: 6583: 6579: 6575: 6571: 6567: 6563: 6556: 6549: 6543: 6535: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6517: 6513: 6509: 6505: 6501: 6494: 6488: 6487:9781841718941 6484: 6480: 6474: 6472: 6452: 6445: 6444: 6436: 6434: 6432: 6416: 6412: 6406: 6402: 6401: 6393: 6377: 6373: 6372: 6367: 6360: 6344: 6340: 6336: 6329: 6313: 6309: 6305: 6301: 6294: 6278: 6274: 6270: 6263: 6247: 6243: 6239: 6233: 6217: 6213: 6209: 6203: 6187: 6183: 6177: 6161: 6157: 6153: 6146: 6127: 6120: 6114: 6098: 6094: 6093: 6086: 6070: 6066: 6062: 6056: 6037: 6030: 6024: 6005: 6001: 5994: 5988: 5986: 5981: 5968: 5963: 5951: 5946: 5939: 5933: 5924: 5916: 5910: 5876: 5869: 5838: 5831: 5803: 5799: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5776: 5775: 5765: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5751: 5748: 5747: 5746: 5733: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5703: 5700: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5673: 5666: 5658: 5656: 5652: 5647: 5643: 5641: 5637: 5633: 5629: 5627: 5623: 5614: 5612: 5608: 5604: 5600: 5599:Shire Airport 5596: 5587: 5578: 5573:Ground travel 5565: 5563: 5559: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5533: 5529: 5525: 5521: 5520:Amhara Region 5517: 5510: 5505: 5498: 5493: 5485: 5473: 5469: 5465: 5461: 5457: 5454: 5450: 5449:Begayt cattle 5447: 5445: 5441: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5428: 5425: 5422: 5418: 5415: 5412: 5409: 5408: 5407: 5405: 5400: 5398: 5388: 5379: 5377: 5372: 5371:carbon offset 5364: 5360: 5356: 5352: 5348: 5344: 5340: 5336: 5332: 5328: 5320: 5319:Inda Selassie 5315: 5306: 5304: 5300: 5296: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5116: 5108: 5104: 5100: 5098: 5094: 5086: 5081: 5077: 5070: 5066: 5051: 5042: 5038: 5034: 5031: 5027: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5000: 4997: 4994: 4991: 4988: 4987:Bashai Awalom 4985: 4982: 4979: 4976: 4973: 4970: 4967: 4964: 4963:Miruts Yifter 4961: 4958: 4955: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4946:Araya Zerihun 4944: 4941: 4940: 4935: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4920: 4917: 4914: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4902: 4899: 4898: 4892: 4890: 4886: 4882: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4858: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4845: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4832: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4819: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4806: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4793: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4780: 4777:2007 Census 4764: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4746: 4742: 4738: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4710: 4706: 4698: 4694: 4689: 4674: 4670: 4667: 4664: 4663: 4659: 4656: 4653: 4652: 4646: 4641: 4638: 4637: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4604: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4591: 4588:2007 Census 4577: 4574: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4559: 4556: 4553: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4532: 4527: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4503: 4495: 4493: 4487: 4485: 4475: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4461: 4446: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4422: 4418: 4415: 4412: 4408: 4405: 4402: 4398: 4395: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4377: 4376: 4375: 4374: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4356: 4341: 4339: 4336: 4334: 4331: 4328: 4327: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4310: 4309: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4292: 4291: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4274: 4273: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4256: 4255: 4251: 4249: 4246: 4244: 4241: 4238: 4237: 4233: 4231: 4230:Tahtay Koraro 4228: 4226: 4223: 4220: 4219: 4215: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4202: 4201: 4197: 4195: 4194:Ganta Afeshum 4192: 4190: 4187: 4184: 4183: 4180: 4175: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4148: 4143: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4124: 4119: 4108: 4094: 4091: 4089: 4086: 4084: 4081: 4079: 4076: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4051: 4048: 4046: 4043: 4040: 4037: 4034: 4031: 4028: 4025: 4023: 4020: 4018: 4015: 4012: 4009: 4007: 4004: 4003: 4002: 3999: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3964:Dogu'a Temben 3962: 3959: 3956: 3955: 3954: 3951: 3947: 3944: 3942: 3939: 3937: 3934: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3916: 3913: 3911: 3908: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3890:Raya Chercher 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3877: 3876: 3873: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3854: 3853:Tahtay Koraro 3851: 3849: 3846: 3843: 3840: 3838: 3835: 3833: 3830: 3827: 3824: 3822: 3821:Laelay Adiabo 3819: 3816: 3813: 3810: 3809:Inda Aba Guna 3807: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3794: 3791: 3788: 3785: 3784: 3783: 3780: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3758: 3756: 3753: 3751: 3748: 3746: 3743: 3741: 3738: 3736: 3733: 3731: 3730:Ganta Afeshum 3728: 3726: 3725:Freweyni Town 3723: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3682: 3681: 3678: 3674: 3673:Tanqua Melash 3671: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3639: 3636: 3633: 3630: 3628: 3625: 3623: 3620: 3618: 3615: 3613: 3610: 3608: 3605: 3603: 3600: 3598: 3595: 3593: 3590: 3588: 3585: 3583: 3580: 3578: 3575: 3573: 3570: 3568: 3565: 3564: 3563: 3560: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3545: 3542: 3538: 3535: 3533: 3530: 3528: 3525: 3523: 3520: 3519: 3518: 3515: 3511: 3508: 3506: 3503: 3501: 3498: 3497: 3496: 3493: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3479: 3476: 3474: 3471: 3469: 3466: 3464: 3461: 3459: 3456: 3454: 3451: 3450: 3449: 3446: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3434: 3432: 3429: 3427: 3426:Tahtay Koraro 3424: 3422: 3419: 3417: 3414: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3403: 3402: 3399: 3395: 3392: 3390: 3387: 3385: 3382: 3380: 3377: 3375: 3372: 3370: 3367: 3365: 3364:Ganta Afeshum 3362: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3351: 3350: 3347: 3343: 3340: 3338: 3335: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3320: 3318: 3315: 3313: 3310: 3308: 3305: 3303: 3300: 3298: 3295: 3293: 3290: 3288: 3285: 3283: 3280: 3279: 3278: 3275: 3274: 3272: 3270: 3266: 3265: 3255: 3247: 3238: 3236: 3235:Degua Tembien 3232: 3228: 3224: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3193:Lanner falcon 3190: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3169:Augur buzzard 3165: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3122: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3107: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3080: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3029: 3024: 3023: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2993:Banded Barbet 2990: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2956: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2945: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2915: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2904: 2899: 2898: 2893: 2889: 2882:Small rodents 2874: 2869: 2865: 2862: 2858: 2853: 2849: 2846: 2842: 2837: 2833: 2830: 2826: 2821: 2817: 2814: 2810: 2805: 2801: 2798: 2794: 2789: 2785: 2782: 2778: 2773: 2769: 2766: 2762: 2757: 2753: 2750: 2746: 2741: 2737: 2734: 2730: 2725: 2724:African civet 2721: 2718: 2714: 2709: 2705: 2702: 2698: 2693: 2689: 2686: 2682: 2677: 2673: 2670: 2666: 2661: 2660:golden jackal 2657: 2654: 2650: 2645: 2641: 2638: 2634: 2628: 2623: 2619: 2618:Xerus rutilus 2616: 2612: 2607: 2603: 2600: 2596: 2595:ch’ok anbessa 2591: 2587: 2584: 2580: 2575: 2574:spotted hyena 2571: 2568: 2564: 2560:monkey, ወዓግ ( 2559: 2555: 2552: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2543: 2542:gelada baboon 2539: 2535: 2527: 2521:Large mammals 2513: 2511: 2507: 2502: 2498: 2489: 2473: 2444: 2440: 2437: 2432: 2403: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2389: 2384: 2355: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2341: 2336: 2307: 2304: 2303:Degua Tembien 2300: 2296: 2293: 2288: 2259: 2256: 2252: 2249: 2244: 2215: 2212: 2208: 2205: 2200: 2171: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2155: 2126: 2123: 2119: 2116: 2114: 2108: 2079: 2076: 2075:Ganta Afeshum 2072: 2069: 2064: 2035: 2032: 2028: 2025: 2020: 1991: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1977: 1976: 1975: 1974: 1963: 1959: 1958: 1957:Cobble stones 1954: 1951: 1950:gully erosion 1947: 1943: 1939: 1938: 1934: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1915: 1911: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1898: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1886: 1881: 1879: 1875: 1872: 1869: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1849: 1844: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1828:Milling stone 1826: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1812: 1810: 1806: 1803: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1787: 1786:stone masonry 1782: 1781: 1780: 1779: 1778: 1776: 1766: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1751: 1749: 1748: 1743: 1742: 1737: 1736: 1731: 1730: 1725: 1720: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1703: 1702:Rhynchonellid 1699: 1695: 1694: 1689: 1685: 1682: 1681: 1676: 1671: 1669: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1655: 1651: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1630: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1611:Early Miocene 1607: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1596:upper basalts 1593: 1589: 1588:lower basalts 1585: 1584:flood basalts 1581: 1577: 1573: 1568: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1546: 1541: 1537: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1474: 1472: 1468: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1434: 1432: 1426: 1413: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1388:Warfare, the 1386: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1370: 1360: 1351: 1349: 1338: 1335:December 2022 1329: 1325: 1322:This section 1320: 1317: 1313: 1312: 1304: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1277: 1266: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1247: 1245: 1241: 1240:Western world 1236: 1232: 1223: 1219: 1218: 1214:Nest box for 1212: 1208: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1176: 1168: 1163: 1154: 1152: 1147: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1120: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1104: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1070: 1065: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1048:(now part of 1047: 1042: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1019: 1018:Book of Aksum 1013: 1011: 1007: 1003: 998: 994: 990: 986: 982: 974: 970: 966: 962: 948: 944: 942: 938: 934: 930: 926: 922: 918: 914: 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 886: 882: 878: 874: 869: 867: 863: 862: 856: 854: 845: 838: 833: 824: 822: 816: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 794: 793:Ephraim Isaac 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 770: 765: 763: 759: 755: 751: 736: 734: 730: 726: 722: 718: 714: 710: 709:Getachew Reda 706: 701: 699: 695: 691: 687: 683: 678: 674: 670: 665: 663: 659: 655: 651: 647: 643: 639: 635: 631: 627: 623: 619: 615: 611: 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 555: 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 522:Amhara Region 519: 514: 512: 508: 507:Kunama people 504: 500: 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 479:Tigray Region 471: 467: 463: 461: 460:Ethiopic text 441: 425: 421: 418: 409: 406: 402: 399: 396: 394: 393:ISO 3166 code 390: 386: 382: 379: 377: 373: 370: 367: 363: 360: 357: 353: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 324: 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 298: 295: 292: 290: 287: • 285: 280: 277: 274: 270: 267: 264: 260: 255: 227:Coordinates: 225: 218: 213: 195: 187: 177: 167: 159: 154: 150: 145: 138:Tigray Region 135: 123: 120: 112: 109:December 2022 101: 98: 94: 91: 87: 84: 80: 77: 73: 70: – 69: 65: 64:Find sources: 58: 54: 48: 47: 42:This article 40: 36: 31: 30: 27: 23: 19: 9607: 9439:Medebay Zana 9401:Kafta Humera 9393:Western Zone 9254:Eastern Zone 9207:Kola Tembien 9174:Central Zone 9149: 9101:Mohamed Amin 9090: 9013:. 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Retrieved 6004:the original 5966: 5945: 5938:Tigrāi kilil 5802: 5773: 5743: 5720:Nile College 5664: 5651:Tsgabu Grmay 5648: 5644: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5592: 5576: 5555: 5552: 5513: 5411:Arado cattle 5401: 5397:transhumance 5393: 5341:deposition, 5331:biodiversity 5324: 5292: 5277:Gereb Shegal 5252:Gereb Bi'ati 5172:Addi Qenafiz 5137:Addi Amharay 5120: 5112: 5107:Addi Amharay 5089: 5074: 5045: 5041:adding to it 5036: 5019: 4975:Yohannes IV 4937: 4878: 4774:1994 Census 4757:Nilo-Saharan 4721:Afro-Asiatic 4717:Afro-Asiatic 4702: 4691:The king of 4585:1994 Census 4575: 4560: 4557: 4549: 4521:Demographics 4509: 4501: 4491: 4488: 4481: 4471: 4467: 4463: 4457: 4428: 4371: 4353: 4248:Kafta Humera 4102:Major cities 4022:Qorarit Town 4017:Kafta Humera 3931:Raya Alamata 3910:Maichew Town 3880:Alamata Town 3875:South Tigray 3755:Sebha Saesie 3685:Adigrat Town 3622:Emba Seneyti 3553: 3550: 3522:Kafta Humera 3478:Maychew Town 3463:Alamata Town 3448:South Tigray 3436:Shiraro Town 3416:Medebay Zana 3354:Adigrat Town 3317:Kola Tembien 3268: 3262: 3260: 3237:and mapped. 3227:Birdwatching 3225: 3220: 3212: 3204: 3196: 3188: 3185:Steppe Eagle 3180: 3172: 3166: 3123: 3108: 3081: 3061:Afrotropical 3026: 3020: 2985:Wattled Ibis 2962: 2948: 2942: 2934: 2921: 2911: 2901: 2895: 2891: 2885: 2868:honey badger 2863: 2847: 2836:common genet 2831: 2815: 2804:klipspringer 2799: 2783: 2767: 2751: 2740:olive baboon 2736:Papio anubis 2735: 2719: 2713:hakili dummu 2703: 2687: 2671: 2656:Canis anthus 2655: 2639: 2617: 2601: 2585: 2569: 2553: 2548:names, are: 2531: 2494: 2401: 2353: 2305: 2257: 2213: 2169: 2124: 2077: 2033: 1989: 1955: 1948:for sake of 1941: 1935: 1918: 1912: 1907: 1903: 1882: 1870: 1846: 1827: 1814:Church bells 1813: 1804: 1783: 1772: 1754: 1752: 1745: 1739: 1733: 1727: 1721: 1691: 1678: 1672: 1652:. Also, the 1636: 1608: 1569: 1550: 1475: 1445: 1427: 1424: 1387: 1385:as of 2023. 1372: 1357: 1348:Tsegay Berhe 1345: 1332: 1328:adding to it 1323: 1307:21st century 1272: 1248: 1231:Alex de Waal 1227: 1215: 1192:Atnafu Abate 1172: 1126: 1123:20th century 1105: 1089:Mikael Sehul 1066: 1043: 1016: 1014: 1006:Bahre Negash 981:Mareb Melash 978: 933:Christianity 875:, Ethiopia, 870: 861:Book of Axum 859: 857: 850: 817: 766: 754:Christianity 747: 702: 666: 654:Hagere Selam 515: 486: 482: 478: 476: 457: 350:Demographics 115: 106: 96: 89: 82: 75: 63: 51:Please help 46:verification 43: 26: 9626:Addis Ababa 9229:Naeder Adet 8321:: 211–230. 8108:7 September 7706:2268/266630 7677:Geoheritage 7569:: 156–167. 7545:25 November 7510:25 November 7283:: 870–886. 7165:25 November 7038:10 December 6972:24 November 6916:13 November 6792:12 December 6726:26 December 6166:11 December 6156:Omna Tigray 6135:23 December 6045:23 December 6013:22 November 5431:Irob woreda 5427:Irob cattle 5417:Raya cattle 5363:sequestered 5237:Gereb Mihiz 5152:Addi Asme'e 5127:Addi Abagiè 5005:Agriculture 4993:Saint Yared 4439:Edaga Hamus 4001:West Tigray 3760:Tsaeda Emba 3745:Hawzen Town 3680:East Tigray 3648:Kola Temben 3527:Humera Town 3517:West Tigray 3349:East Tigray 3332:Naeder Adet 3271:of Tigray: 3181:Buteo buteo 3173:Buteo augur 3059:are common 2973:birdwatcher 2627:mitsutsilay 2592:, ጭክ ኣንበሳ ( 2467: / 2426: / 2378: / 2347:Amba Aradam 2343:Imba Aradom 2330: / 2282: / 2238: / 2194: / 2163:Atsbi Horst 2149: / 2102: / 2058: / 2014: / 1979:Ferrah Imba 1747:Achatinidae 1709:crustaceans 1698:sea urchins 1684:cephalopods 1580:lithosphere 1574:, the Afar 1478:sedimentary 1452:Precambrian 1431:Google Maps 1400:by January 1283:. In 1998, 1281:Gebru Asrat 1276:Addis Ababa 1139:, Saharti, 1109:Yohannes IV 1062:Mareb River 1046:Akele Guzay 969:Yohannes IV 789:Cain Felder 783:, and made 729:were killed 650:Addi Remets 590:Ketema Ngus 526:Afar Region 481:(or simply 249: / 9737:Categories 9383:Raya Azebo 9363:Endamekoni 9244:Werie Lehe 9224:Mereb Lehe 8698:2 February 8672:2 February 8572:: 165–170. 7002:17 January 6946:5 November 6835:26 January 6604:26 January 6460:1 February 5976:References 5626:Lion's Den 5581:Air travel 5548:Debre Damo 5536:monolithic 5355:EthioTrees 5327:exclosures 5257:Gereb Awso 5232:Era Quhila 5222:Inda Zib'i 5212:Dur Anbesa 5177:Addi Shihu 5132:Addi Akhor 5115:reservoirs 5093:eucalyptus 4934:fossilized 4759:-speaking 4745:Raya Azebo 4707:-speaking 4357:, home to 4320:Endamehoni 3936:Raya Azebo 3905:Korem Town 3900:Endamehoni 3895:Emba Alaje 3826:May Tsebri 3770:Fatsi Town 3765:Wukro Town 3705:Atsbi Town 3700:Atsbi Dera 3643:Keyh Tekli 3627:Mai Qnetal 3612:Edaga Arbi 3602:Aksum Town 3488:Raya Azebo 3473:Korem Town 3468:Endamehoni 3441:Shire Town 3394:Wukro Town 3342:Werie Lehe 3327:Mereb Lehe 3302:Aksum Town 3201:Black kite 3138:Palearctic 2965:exclosures 2841:silihlihot 2838:, ስልሕልሖት ( 2710:, ሓክሊ ድሙ ( 2692:rock hyrax 2510:Reservoirs 2501:wet season 2439:Imba Neway 2395:Adwa plugs 2301:massif in 2251:Imba Tsion 2046:39°30′13″E 2043:12°59′39″N 2027:Imba Alaje 2002:39°31′03″E 1999:12°50′34″N 1987:Endamekoni 1985:massif in 1937:Check dams 1822:clinkstone 1809:dry stones 1775:rock types 1763:helicoidal 1705:brachiopod 1693:Nerineidae 1665:silicified 1619:Quaternary 1557:Cretaceous 1464:Palaeozoic 1369:Tigray War 1363:Tigray War 1299:ended the 1054:Bahr negus 937:King Ezana 725:Tigray War 662:Zalambessa 646:May Tsebri 594:Adi Remets 321:Population 282:Government 237:39°05′15″E 234:13°34′30″N 79:newspapers 9691:Geography 9647:Governors 9631:Dire Dawa 9277:Gulomahda 9212:Abiy Addi 9192:Adwa Town 8974:Antiquity 8903:199323600 8867:: 15–32. 8846:159177828 8741:199113310 8337:129834993 8296:199112876 7715:210913903 7262:104706561 7229:: 95–116. 6594:154117777 6349:8 January 6318:8 January 6308:0027-8378 6283:8 January 6252:8 January 5932:romanized 5740:Libraries 5661:Education 5568:Transport 5479:Landmarks 5474:milk cows 5382:Livestock 5295:siltation 5167:Addi Hilo 5162:Addi Gela 5142:May Leiba 5109:reservoir 5097:Australia 5048:July 2021 4981:Ras Alula 4875:Languages 4763:as well. 4683:Ethnicity 4668:4,316,988 4657:3,136,267 4620:Catholics 4582:Religion 4484:judiciary 4419:(home of 4409:(home of 4399:(home of 4381:(home of 4027:May Kadra 3958:Adi Gudem 3832:Selekleka 3787:Adi Daero 3587:Adwa Town 3369:Gulomahda 3297:Adwa Town 3221:Tyto alba 3017:fig trees 2852:cape hare 2534:elephants 2497:semi-arid 2295:Ekli Imba 1962:limestone 1927:dry stone 1925:walls in 1906:, called 1894:footpaths 1883:Footpath 1861:limestone 1857:phonolite 1853:sandstone 1818:phonolite 1795:sandstone 1791:limestone 1750:indet.). 1670:fossils. 1615:phonolite 1565:Caenozoic 1534:oil shale 1416:Geography 1291:. A 2002 1259:Bahar Dar 1129:broke out 1085:Dejazmach 1029:, Sam’a, 941:the cross 694:Tigrayans 692:, ethnic 690:Armenians 682:Tigrayans 614:Adi Gudom 602:Abiy Addi 586:Adi Daero 562:Mai Kadra 430:.ethiopia 417:5th of 11 376:Time zone 329:5,443,000 202:ዘይንድይቦ ጎቦ 9727:Politics 9679:Ethiopia 9530:Ethiopia 9464:Tselemti 9182:Abergele 9107:in 2011. 9091:BBC News 9042:Archived 9015:4 August 9009:Archived 8978:Archived 8924:: 7–20. 8757:Archived 8692:Archived 8666:Archived 8640:Archived 8601:Archived 8496:Geoderma 8481:37489450 8389:(2009). 8253:17 April 8221:22 March 8189:Archived 8168:Archived 8146:Archived 8126:Archived 8099:Archived 7987:Archived 7910:Archived 7884:Archived 7845:Archived 7814:37489450 7759:Archived 7683:(1): 6. 7661:83510874 7614:Archived 7536:Archived 7504:Archived 7425:Archived 7331:Archived 7156:Archived 7152:53351630 7071:Archived 6996:Archived 6966:Archived 6940:Archived 6936:BBC News 6910:Archived 6879:5876132M 6869:(1962). 6829:Archived 6825:40174776 6786:Archived 6720:Archived 6690:Archived 6598:Archived 6586:40389405 6534:19403539 6415:archived 6382:4 August 6343:Archived 6312:Archived 6277:Archived 6246:Archived 6216:Archived 6212:BBC News 6186:Archived 6160:Archived 6126:Archived 6097:Archived 6069:Archived 6036:Archived 5967:Region 1 5950:Tigrinya 5927:ትግራይ ክልል 5919:ክልል ትግራይ 5915:Tigrinya 5524:Gheralta 5516:Lalibela 5361:for the 5339:sediment 5242:Filiglig 5217:Imbagedo 5182:Aqushela 5010:Cropping 4881:Tigrinya 4783:Tigrayan 4705:Tigrinya 4697:Muhammad 4531:Santarfa 4169:800,000 4134:District 4033:Mai Gaba 3858:Tselemti 3735:Gheralta 3567:Abergele 3431:Tselemti 3282:Abergele 3217:Barn owl 2854:, ማንቲለ ( 2820:aardvark 2790:, ቅንፈዝ ( 2665:bukharya 2662:, ቡኳርያ ( 2649:bukharya 2646:, ቡኳርያ ( 2633:chechera 2532:Besides 2516:Wildlife 1964:is used. 1874:watering 1784:Natural 1735:Lanistes 1696:indet.; 1688:nautilus 1677:: large 1654:Tertiary 1623:alluvium 1600:Dolerite 1553:Mesozoic 1486:Triassic 1482:volcanic 1473:massif. 1456:Gondwana 1442:Overview 1392:, and a 1244:diaspora 1222:Zerfenti 1097:Begemder 985:Hamasien 925:Sassanid 923:and the 889:obelisks 877:Djibouti 853:Iron Age 813:Aksumite 688:. 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