101:, where by tooth tissue is 'fractured' due to stress lesions caused by extrinsic forces on the enamel. Tooth wear is a complex, multi-factorial problem and there is often difficulty identifying a single causative factor. However, tooth wear is often a combination of the above processes. Many clinicians, therefore, make diagnoses such as "tooth wear with a major element of attrition", or "tooth wear with a major element of erosion" to reflect this. This makes the diagnosis and management difficult. Therefore, it is important to distinguish between these various types of tooth wear, provide an insight into diagnosis, risk factors, and causative factors, in order to implement appropriate interventions. Tooth wear evaluation system (TWES) may help determine the most likely aetiology of tooth wear. Heavy tooth wear is commonly found on the occlusal (chewing) surface, but
40:
318:) is recorded according to the severity of the wear (see Table 1). A cumulative score is then matched to a risk level and guidance for its management by a clinician. The management includes steps which identify and eliminate main aetiological factors, preventative treatment and also any operative and symptomatic intervention required by the patient. The frequency of repeating the index ranges from 6–12 months depending on the risk level of patients.
74:. Tooth wear is a very common condition that occurs in approximately 97% of the population. This is a normal physiological process occurring throughout life; but with increasing lifespan of individuals and increasing retention of teeth for life, the incidence of non-carious tooth surface loss has also shown a rise. Tooth wear varies substantially between people and groups, with extreme attrition and
112:. In 1984, Smith and Knight developed the tooth wear index (TWI) where four visible surfaces (buccal, cervical, lingual, occlusal-incisal) of all teeth present are scored for wear, regardless of the cause. A more recent index Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) from 2008 by Bartlett et al., is now also in use.
567:
Where restorative treatment is necessary, it must be decided whether to conform to the existing occlusion (typically for moderate wear, where only a few teeth are affected) or reorganise the occlusion (severe wear, unstable occlusion). Where the occlusion is reorganised, it can first be tested using
559:
Once the cause of tooth wear has been identified and a preventative regime has been put in place, the patient should be reviewed for 6–12 months to establish that the intervention has been successful before any active management is carried out. Once this has been achieved a decision needs to be made
625:
Relative axial tooth movement — this is the most commonly used method and can be used for localised or generalised wear, the idea is to prop the bite open thereby causing the extrusion of worn teeth to provide extra crown height for restoration, this can be done using simple direct restorations or
313:
The Basic
Erosive Wear Examination was first described by Bartlett et al. in 2008. The partial scoring system is based on the surface area affected. Within a sextant (i.e. teeth in mouth divided into 6 parts), the most severely affected tooth surface (buccal, occlusal or lingual/palatal)(see
214:
of tooth substance caused by acids, unrelated to the acid produced by bacteria in dental plaque. Erosion may occur with excessive consumption of acidic foods and drinks, or medical conditions involving repeated regurgitation and reflux of gastric acid. It is derived from the Latin word
605:
whereby the dentoalveolar tissues compensate for wear of teeth by increasing the bony support in order to maintain a constant OVD. This makes things difficult as there is no room to build the teeth back up to their original height without increasing the OVD.
1546:
Children's dental health in the United
Kingdom, 1993 : a survey carried out by the Social Survey Division of OPCS, on behalf of the United Kingdom health departments, in collaboration with the Dental Schools of the Universities of Birmingham and
277:, purportedly caused by minute flexure of teeth under occlusal loading. This occlusal loading is one factor that interacts with chemical, biological,and behavioral factors in which result in this abfraction. The term is derived from the Latin words
1640:
Bardsley, P. F.; Taylor, S.; Milosevic, A. (2004-10-09). "Epidemiological studies of tooth wear and dental erosion in 14-year-old children in North West
England. Part 1: The relationship with water fluoridation and social deprivation".
1457:
Millward, A.; Shaw, L.; Smith, A. J.; Rippin, J. W.; Harrington, E. (September 1994). "The distribution and severity of tooth wear and the relationship between erosion and dietary constituents in a group of children".
1804:
Margaritis, Vasileios; Mamai-Homata, Eleni; Koletsi-Kounari, Haroula; Polychronopoulou, Argy (January 2011). "Evaluation of three different scoring systems for dental erosion: a comparative study in adolescents".
1692:
Fares, J.; Shirodaria, S.; Chiu, K.; Ahmad, N.; Sherriff, M.; Bartlett, D. (2009). "A new index of tooth wear. Reproducibility and application to a sample of 18- to 30-year-old university students".
1549:. Great Britain. Office of Population Censuses and Surveys. Social Survey Division., University of Birmingham. Dental School., University of Newcastle upon Tyne. Dental School. H.M.S.O.
616:
Occlusal adjustment — this is typically used for anterior teeth only, whereby the patient's occlusion is reorganised into the RCP position to utilise increased space in this position
373:
The Tooth Wear Index (TWI) (see Table 2) was developed by Smith and Knight in 1984. TWI scores each visible surface (buccal/B, cervical/C, lingual/L and occlusal-incisal/O/I) (see
227:
teeth. Dental erosion is rarely seen in the archaeological record, but certain cases have been described which suggested acidic fruits and/or plants were regularly consumed.
602:
297:
surfaces of the teeth where the enamel is thinner and therefore, in the presence of occluding forces, is prone to fracture. Whether abfraction exists or not is debated.
3151:
601:
Scenario 1 is relatively common, whereas scenario 2 is quite rare and tends to occur when the wear is rapidly occurring. Scenario 3 occurs due to a phenomenon called
1850:"Current concepts on the management of tooth wear: part 1. Assessment, treatment planning and strategies for the prevention and the passive management of tooth wear"
622:
or orthodontic extrusion — this is useful when crowns are to be placed in a worn dentition but there is inadequate crown height and you do not want to change the OVD
171:
of teeth, commonly described as ‘shallow’, concave or wedge shaped notches. Causative factors have been linked to this condition and include vigorous, horizontal
613:
Increasing the OVD — this is the traditional approach and involves restoring all teeth to an increased height in order to create a new ICP at an increased OVD
1743:
Mulic, A.; Tveit, A. B.; Wang, N. J.; Hove, L. H.; Espelid, I.; Skaare, A. B. (2010). "Reliability of two clinical scoring systems for dental erosive wear".
3225:
3210:
2914:
2902:
3407:
2454:
2268:
3412:
583:
Active restorative management depends upon the location of the wear (localised or generalised), the severity of the wear, and the patient's
3474:
568:
a reversible method (i.e. a hard occlusal splint). A decision is made after full occlusal assessment including assessment of contacts in
636:
must also be taken into consideration prior to treatment, when teeth have severe wear it is possible that they have become non-vital.
133:
2066:
800:
4039:
3237:
3188:
1899:"Current concepts on the management of tooth wear: part 3. Active restorative care 2: the management of generalised tooth wear"
1554:
1164:
1119:
1081:
919:"The tooth wear evaluation system: a modular clinical guideline for the diagnosis and management planning of worn dentitions"
1949:
Dyer, K.; Ibbetson, R.; Grey, N. (April 2001). "A question of space: options for the restorative management of worn teeth".
3050:
3722:
3565:
128:
is loss of tooth substance caused by physical tooth-to-tooth contact. The word attrition is derived from the Latin verb
2839:
2323:
960:
305:
Tooth wear indices are useful tools for carrying out epidemiological studies and for general use in dental practices.
108:
Multiple indices have been developed in order to assess and record the degree of tooth wear, the earliest was that by
4069:
3966:
2599:
3941:
3878:
3873:
3755:
3183:
3163:
2075:
3787:
3424:
2878:
584:
231:
223:’. This is usually on the palatal (inside) surfaces of upper front teeth and the occluding (top) surfaces of the
3772:
3607:
1414:
Eccles, J. D. (December 1979). "Dental erosion of nonindustrial origin. A clinical survey and classification".
1193:
858:
163:
is loss of tooth substance caused by physical means other than teeth. The term is derived from the Latin verb
3612:
1020:
López-Frías FJ, Castellanos-Cosano L, Martín-González J, Llamas-Carreras JM, Segura-Egea JJ (February 2012).
626:
more complex indirect restorations, this idea was first established by Dahl and is often referred to as the
3475:
3136:
2745:
2449:
2434:
2372:
2318:
2241:
2059:
102:
3664:
3627:
3357:
2638:
2550:
587:, which may have changed as a result of tooth wear. There are three potential scenarios of tooth wear:
3674:
3622:
3429:
3362:
3131:
2631:
2626:
2577:
180:
698:"Oral diagnosis and treatment planning: part 4. Non-carious tooth surface loss and assessment of risk"
3679:
3397:
3301:
2772:
2236:
1501:
Linkosalo, E.; Markkanen, H. (October 1985). "Dental erosions in relation to lactovegetarian diet".
3986:
3765:
3750:
3446:
3402:
3347:
3220:
3178:
2946:
2792:
3819:
3883:
3684:
3649:
3342:
3146:
2926:
2767:
2713:
2643:
2565:
2545:
2532:
2509:
2052:
211:
145:
4029:
3996:
3669:
3659:
3654:
3596:
3523:
3479:
3375:
3370:
3156:
2986:
2981:
2956:
2802:
2733:
2560:
2469:
2387:
2114:
1273:"Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE): a new scoring system for scientific and clinical needs"
780:
Bhushan J, Joshi R (2011). "Tooth Wear — An
Overview With Special Emphasis On Dental Erosion".
132:, which refers to the action of rubbing against something. Attrition mostly causes wear of the
2377:
3838:
3740:
3352:
3230:
3092:
3051:
2851:
2653:
2587:
2514:
573:
569:
561:
137:
3936:
3837:
3575:
3560:
3126:
3059:
2665:
2397:
1019:
8:
3991:
3727:
3707:
3697:
3570:
3503:
3385:
3380:
3306:
3205:
2858:
2782:
2621:
2570:
2519:
2499:
2412:
2402:
2328:
2303:
2161:
273:
is a form of noncerious cervical lesion, where there is a loss of tooth substance at the
250:
4064:
4034:
3981:
3956:
3888:
3692:
3617:
3508:
3456:
3417:
3114:
3030:
2961:
2670:
2494:
2474:
2427:
2313:
2258:
2221:
2211:
2196:
2126:
2025:
1786:
1725:
1674:
1591:
1514:
1471:
1391:
1364:
1345:
1297:
1272:
1245:
1218:
1046:
1021:
999:
839:
645:
374:
315:
125:
86:
3732:
3321:
3286:
3260:
3119:
3015:
2873:
2797:
2504:
2444:
2407:
2382:
2231:
2109:
2104:
2017:
2009:
1974:
1966:
1928:
1920:
1879:
1871:
1830:
1822:
1803:
1778:
1770:
1717:
1709:
1666:
1658:
1603:
1595:
1578:
Lussi, A. (April 1996). "Dental erosion clinical diagnosis and case history taking".
1560:
1550:
1526:
1518:
1483:
1475:
1439:
1431:
1427:
1396:
1337:
1302:
1250:
1170:
1160:
1115:
1087:
1077:
1051:
991:
983:
938:
899:
891:
831:
823:
719:
650:
619:
160:
141:
90:
52:
2029:
1790:
1729:
1349:
1003:
843:
3702:
3337:
3327:
3291:
3200:
2951:
2890:
2824:
2814:
2762:
2660:
2555:
2392:
2044:
2001:
1958:
1910:
1861:
1814:
1760:
1752:
1701:
1678:
1650:
1587:
1510:
1467:
1423:
1386:
1376:
1329:
1292:
1284:
1240:
1230:
1152:
1041:
1033:
975:
930:
881:
873:
815:
709:
655:
633:
290:
274:
207:
168:
94:
1217:
Nascimento MM, Dilbone DA, Pereira PN, Duarte WR, Geraldeli S, Delgado AJ (2016).
167:, which means ‘to scrape off’. It tends to present as rounded ditching around the
3858:
3644:
3439:
3332:
3168:
3087:
3067:
2991:
2976:
2846:
2750:
2718:
2689:
2611:
2537:
2333:
2216:
2206:
2151:
2136:
1621:
O’Sullivan, EA (2000). "A new index for the measurement of erosion in children".
1140:
75:
39:
1962:
1818:
4024:
3976:
3946:
3814:
3745:
3712:
3434:
3173:
2907:
2787:
2582:
2367:
2180:
1897:
Mehta, S. B.; Banerji, S.; Millar, B. J.; Suarez-Feito, J.-M. (February 2012).
979:
959:
Towle, Ian; Irish, Joel D.; Elliott, Marina; De Groote, Isabelle (2018-09-01).
172:
1848:
Mehta, S. B.; Banerji, S.; Millar, B. J.; Suarez-Feito, J.-M. (January 2012).
1381:
1288:
801:"Behavioral inferences from the high levels of dental chipping in Homo naledi"
285:
meaning ‘away’ and ‘breaking’ respectively. Abfraction presents as triangular
4058:
3926:
3804:
3632:
3451:
3215:
3195:
3104:
2971:
2931:
2728:
2489:
2464:
2439:
2417:
2201:
2191:
2156:
2013:
1970:
1924:
1875:
1866:
1849:
1826:
1774:
1713:
1662:
1599:
1522:
1479:
1435:
1320:
Smith BG, Knight JK (June 1984). "An index for measuring the wear of teeth".
1091:
987:
895:
827:
224:
71:
1564:
877:
714:
697:
85:
Tooth wear is predominantly the result of a combination of three processes;
3777:
3553:
3548:
3533:
3513:
3483:
3316:
3025:
2966:
2897:
2819:
2809:
2777:
2740:
2701:
2693:
2308:
2263:
2248:
2146:
2141:
2021:
2005:
1978:
1932:
1915:
1898:
1883:
1834:
1782:
1721:
1670:
1654:
1400:
1333:
1306:
1254:
1174:
1055:
995:
961:"Root grooves on two adjacent anterior teeth of Australopithecus africanus"
942:
835:
723:
294:
192:
184:
79:
3913:
1607:
1530:
1487:
1341:
918:
903:
199:
can lead to wear on the interproximal (in-between) surfaces of the teeth.
3971:
3961:
3951:
3868:
3863:
3794:
2868:
2829:
2648:
2524:
2484:
2352:
2273:
2253:
1443:
1235:
1136:
886:
627:
577:
188:
1141:"The Interactions between Attrition, Abrasion and Erosion in Tooth Wear"
3931:
3717:
3543:
3311:
3141:
3082:
3020:
3003:
2998:
2936:
2919:
2863:
2834:
2755:
2616:
2594:
2479:
2459:
1765:
1037:
934:
819:
660:
270:
255:
245:
196:
176:
109:
98:
1756:
1705:
1156:
152:. A degree of attrition is normal, especially in elderly individuals.
3799:
3782:
3518:
3296:
3099:
2723:
2606:
2226:
2121:
2099:
511:
Defect more than 2mm deep- pulp exposure- secondary dentine exposure
97:. These forms of tooth wear can further lead to a condition known as
3809:
3760:
3528:
3281:
3262:
3242:
3063:
2941:
2885:
2131:
1992:
Ibbetson, R (June 1999). "tooth surface loss: Treatment planning".
597:
Excessive wear without loss of OVD but with limited space available
468:
Loss of enamel exposing dentine for more than one-third of surface
441:
Loss of enamel exposing dentine for less than one third of surface
237:
1114:(3rd ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. pp. 285–7.
564:
treatment or if it can simply be managed by non-invasive methods.
3895:
3853:
3538:
3498:
3392:
3266:
3055:
2422:
859:"Patterns of molar wear in hunter–gatherers and agriculturalists"
665:
580:
to use for a diagnostic wax up of any proposed restorative work.
286:
241:
220:
149:
1219:"Abfraction lesions: etiology, diagnosis, and treatment options"
495:
Complete enamel loss- pulp exposure- secondary dentine exposure
377:). This index has been widely used in epidemiological studies.
3637:
3109:
2697:
2292:
1896:
1847:
1216:
354:
Distinct defect, hard tissue loss <50% of the surface area
47:
Lower teeth shows signs of tooth wear likely caused by erosion
67:
609:
The options for restoring this loss in tooth height are:
594:
Excessive wear without loss of OVD but with space available
958:
140:
surfaces of the teeth. Attrition has been associated with
2088:
1691:
1022:"Clinical measurement of tooth wear: Tooth wear indices"
799:
Towle, Ian; Irish, Joel D.; Groote, Isabelle De (2017).
1639:
1456:
752:
Suchetha A (2014). "Tooth Wear — A Literature Review".
16:
Loss of tooth substance by means other than tooth decay
261:
Dietary — liquids of low pH and high titratable acids.
105:
from tooth wear are also common in some populations.
2074:
1074:
Erosive tooth wear : from diagnosis to therapy
954:
952:
3488:Jaw joints, chewing muscles and bite abnormalities
1742:
1500:
1270:
2351:
916:
308:
4056:
2688:
1948:
949:
798:
322:Table 1: Basic Erosive Wear Examination Scoring
3843:Teeth, jaws, tongue and associated soft tissues
503:Pulp exposure or exposure of secondary dentine
476:Loss of enamel and substantial loss of dentine
2455:Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis
1194:"Dental Erosion | American Dental Association"
1076:. Vol. 20 (2nd ed.). Basel: Karger.
1026:Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry
191:. It has also been shown that improper use of
3413:Neuralgia-inducing cavitational osteonecrosis
2060:
1460:International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry
1105:
1103:
1101:
917:Wetselaar, P.; Lobbezoo, F. (January 2016).
779:
775:
773:
771:
769:
767:
747:
745:
743:
741:
739:
737:
735:
733:
691:
689:
687:
685:
683:
681:
576:as well as analysing casts articulated in a
560:whether or not it is necessary to carry out
1319:
1271:Bartlett D, Ganss C, Lussi A (March 2008).
1134:
550:Evaluating Index of Dental Erosion (EVIDE)
2067:
2053:
1620:
1098:
1071:
403:No loss of enamel surface characteristics
362:Hard tissue loss ≥50% of the surface area
38:
1914:
1865:
1764:
1390:
1380:
1296:
1244:
1234:
1045:
885:
866:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
808:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
764:
730:
713:
678:
547:Visual Erosion Dental Examination (VEDE)
1991:
1543:
1362:
1109:
751:
695:
4040:Oral manifestations of systemic disease
3189:Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
1503:Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research
968:International Journal of Paleopathology
422:Loss of enamel surface characteristics
4057:
3226:As a manifestation of systemic disease
1413:
78:common in archaeological samples, and
4013:
3912:
3836:
3594:
3473:
3259:
3049:
2687:
2350:
2290:
2178:
2086:
2048:
1944:
1942:
1577:
1365:"The evolution of tooth wear indices"
1266:
1264:
1139:(2014), Lussi, A.; Ganss, C. (eds.),
1112:Clinical problem solving in dentistry
856:
449:Loss of enamel just exposing dentine
3072:Gums and tooth-supporting structures
1067:
1065:
1015:
1013:
3723:Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum
3595:
3566:Temporomandibular joint dysfunction
1416:The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
541:Simplified Tooth Wear Index (STWI)
368:
13:
2840:Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis
2324:Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia
1939:
1592:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1996.tb00067.x
1515:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1985.tb01336.x
1472:10.1111/j.1365-263X.1994.tb00124.x
1261:
381:Table 2: Tooth Wear Index Scoring
14:
4081:
2040:
1580:European Journal of Oral Sciences
1062:
1010:
782:Indian Journal of Dental Sciences
754:Indian Journal of Dental Sciences
585:occlusal vertical dimension (OVD)
219:, which describes the action ‘to
3942:Cutaneous sinus of dental origin
3879:Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
3874:Central hypoventilation syndrome
3756:Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma
3184:Necrotizing periodontal diseases
3164:Hereditary gingival fibromatosis
2076:Oral and maxillofacial pathology
517:
346:Initial loss of surface texture
330:Clinical appearance description
33:Non-carious tooth substance loss
3788:Chronic sclerosing sialadenitis
3425:Osteoporotic bone marrow defect
2879:Keratocystic odontogenic tumour
1985:
1890:
1841:
1797:
1736:
1685:
1633:
1614:
1571:
1537:
1494:
1450:
1407:
1356:
1313:
1210:
1186:
1128:
1072:Lussi A, Ganss C (2014-06-24).
591:Excessive wear with loss of OVD
574:retruded contact position (RCP)
232:Gastroesophageal reflux disease
3773:Sclerosing polycystic adenosis
3608:Benign lymphoepithelial lesion
923:Journal of Oral Rehabilitation
910:
850:
792:
309:Basic erosive wear examination
70:substance by means other than
1:
3967:Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome
3916:Soft tissues around the mouth
3613:Ectopic salivary gland tissue
671:
265:
3137:Gingival cyst of the newborn
2746:Failure of eruption of teeth
2450:Hand, foot and mouth disease
2435:Focal epithelial hyperplasia
2373:Angina bullosa haemorrhagica
2319:Palatal cysts of the newborn
2242:Transient lingual papillitis
1649:(7): 413–6, discussion 399.
1428:10.1016/0022-3913(79)90196-3
1369:Clinical Oral Investigations
1277:Clinical Oral Investigations
554:
484:Defect less than 1-2mm deep
300:
120:
103:non-carious cervical lesions
7:
3665:Salivary gland diverticulum
3628:Necrotizing sialometaplasia
2639:Smokeless tobacco keratosis
2551:Basaloid squamous carcinoma
1963:10.12968/denu.2001.28.3.118
1819:10.1016/j.jdent.2010.10.014
696:Kaidonis JA (August 2012).
639:
578:semi-adjustable articulator
155:
10:
4086:
3675:Salivary gland hyperplasia
3623:HIV salivary gland disease
3132:Gingival cyst of the adult
2578:Oral florid papillomatosis
2291:
2179:
1544:Maureen., O'Brien (1994).
1363:Bardsley PF (March 2008).
1145:Monographs in Oral Science
980:10.1016/j.ijpp.2018.02.004
603:dentoalveolar compensation
570:intercuspal position (ICP)
457:Defect less than 1mm deep
202:
4020:
4014:
4009:
3922:
3914:Orofacial soft tissues –
3908:
3849:
3832:
3680:Salivary gland hypoplasia
3603:
3590:
3494:
3469:
3408:Bisphosphonate-associated
3302:Idiopathic osteosclerosis
3277:
3255:
3078:
3045:
2773:Dentinogenesis imperfecta
2709:
2683:
2363:
2346:
2299:
2286:
2237:Median rhomboid glossitis
2187:
2174:
2095:
2082:
1382:10.1007/s00784-007-0184-2
1289:10.1007/s00784-007-0181-5
1223:Clin Cosmet Investig Dent
488:
461:
434:
415:
396:
115:
51:
46:
37:
29:
24:
4070:Acquired tooth pathology
3987:Orofacial granulomatosis
3766:Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
3751:Adenoid cystic carcinoma
3685:Salivary gland neoplasms
3476:Temporomandibular joints
3447:Periapical periodontitis
3179:Linear gingival erythema
2947:Regional odontodysplasia
2793:Enamel hypocalcification
2087:
1867:10.1038/sj.bdj.2011.1099
1151:, Basel: Karger: 32–45,
857:Smith, B. Holly (1984).
529:Linkosalo and Markkanen
430:Minimal loss of contour
3884:Obstructive sleep apnea
3650:Salivary duct stricture
3430:Paget's disease of bone
2927:Pulp canal obliteration
2768:Dentin hypersensitivity
2714:Amelogenesis imperfecta
2566:Squamous cell carcinoma
2546:Adenosquamous carcinoma
2533:Squamous cell papilloma
2510:Melanocytic oral lesion
878:10.1002/ajpa.1330630107
715:10.1038/sj.bdj.2012.722
544:Exact Tooth Wear Index
179:with a relatively high
146:parafunctional activity
4030:Hemifacial hypertrophy
3997:Pyostomatitis vegetans
3670:Salivary gland fistula
3660:Salivary gland atresia
3655:Salivary gland aplasia
3509:Mandibular dislocation
3480:muscles of mastication
3358:Calcifying odontogenic
2987:Vertical root fracture
2982:Cracked tooth syndrome
2957:Shovel-shaped incisors
2852:Wisdom tooth impaction
2734:Early childhood caries
2600:Benign mucous membrane
2561:Spindle cell carcinoma
2470:Intraoral dental sinus
2388:Burning mouth syndrome
2006:10.1038/sj.bdj.4800167
1994:British Dental Journal
1916:10.1038/sj.bdj.2012.97
1903:British Dental Journal
1854:British Dental Journal
1655:10.1038/sj.bdj.4811722
1643:British Dental Journal
1334:10.1038/sj.bdj.4805394
1322:British Dental Journal
1110:Odell EW, ed. (2010).
702:British Dental Journal
338:No erosive tooth wear
3839:Stomatognathic system
3741:Acinic cell carcinoma
3363:Glandular odontogenic
2515:Molluscum contagiosum
3982:Oral Crohn's disease
3937:Basal cell carcinoma
3576:Condylar hyperplasia
3561:Maxillary hypoplasia
3127:Gingival enlargement
3060:periodontal ligament
2666:Verruciform xanthoma
2398:Condyloma acuminatum
1807:Journal of Dentistry
1586:(2 ( Pt 2)): 191–8.
1236:10.2147/CCIDE.S63465
3992:Perioral dermatitis
3728:Pleomorphic adenoma
3708:Monomorphic adenoma
3698:Canalicular adenoma
3571:Condylar hypoplasia
3504:Condylar resorption
3348:Lateral periodontal
3307:Mandibular fracture
3206:Periodontal abscess
2803:Turner's hypoplasia
2571:Verrucous carcinoma
2520:Morsicatio buccarum
2500:Lupus erythematosus
2413:Erythema multiforme
2329:Stomatitis nicotina
1623:Eur J Paediatr Dent
1135:Shellis, R. Peter;
411:No loss of contour
382:
323:
183:value (above 250),
82:more common today.
4035:Facial hemiatrophy
3889:Periodic breathing
3820:Sjögren's syndrome
3693:Basal cell adenoma
3457:Torus mandibularis
3435:Periapical abscess
3418:Osteoradionecrosis
3343:Buccal bifurcation
3322:Intraosseous cysts
3211:Periodontal trauma
3115:Pyogenic granuloma
2962:Supernumerary root
2915:Pulp calcification
2903:Premature eruption
2874:Odontogenic tumors
2671:White sponge nevus
2644:Submucous fibrosis
2588:Smoker's melanosis
2475:Irritation fibroma
2314:High-arched palate
2222:Foliate papillitis
2212:Cunnilingus tongue
2197:Black hairy tongue
2127:Congenital lip pit
1375:(Suppl 1): S15–9.
1283:(Suppl 1): S65–8.
1038:10.4317/jced.50592
935:10.1111/joor.12340
820:10.1002/ajpa.23250
380:
375:dental terminology
321:
316:dental terminology
66:refers to loss of
4052:
4051:
4048:
4047:
4005:
4004:
3904:
3903:
3828:
3827:
3733:Sebaceous adenoma
3586:
3585:
3465:
3464:
3376:Median mandibular
3371:Nasopalatine duct
3287:Alveolar osteitis
3251:
3250:
3238:Perio-endo lesion
3120:Congenital epulis
3041:
3040:
2798:Enamel hypoplasia
2679:
2678:
2654:Riga–Fede disease
2505:Melanocytic nevus
2445:Hairy leukoplakia
2408:Epulis fissuratum
2342:
2341:
2282:
2281:
2232:Geographic tongue
2170:
2169:
1757:10.1159/000314811
1706:10.1159/000209344
1556:978-0-11-691607-5
1166:978-3-318-02552-1
1157:10.1159/000359936
1121:978-0-443-06784-6
1083:978-3-318-02553-8
620:Crown lengthening
538:O'Sullivan Index
515:
514:
366:
365:
142:masticatory force
61:
60:
19:Medical condition
4077:
4011:
4010:
3910:
3909:
3834:
3833:
3703:Ductal papilloma
3592:
3591:
3471:
3470:
3368:Non-odontogenic:
3353:Globulomaxillary
3292:Buccal exostosis
3257:
3256:
3201:Peri-implantitis
3047:
3046:
2763:Dentin dysplasia
2685:
2684:
2661:Verruca vulgaris
2556:Mucosal melanoma
2403:Darier's disease
2378:Behçet's disease
2348:
2347:
2304:Bednar's aphthae
2288:
2287:
2176:
2175:
2162:Trumpeter's wart
2084:
2083:
2069:
2062:
2055:
2046:
2045:
2034:
2033:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1946:
1937:
1936:
1918:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1869:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1768:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1394:
1384:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1300:
1268:
1259:
1258:
1248:
1238:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1204:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1107:
1096:
1095:
1069:
1060:
1059:
1049:
1017:
1008:
1007:
965:
956:
947:
946:
914:
908:
907:
889:
863:
854:
848:
847:
805:
796:
790:
789:
777:
762:
761:
749:
728:
727:
717:
693:
383:
379:
369:Tooth wear index
324:
320:
291:cervical margins
275:cervical margins
169:cervical margins
76:enamel fractures
42:
22:
21:
4085:
4084:
4080:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4075:
4074:
4055:
4054:
4053:
4044:
4016:
4001:
3957:Ludwig's angina
3918:
3900:
3859:Mouth breathing
3845:
3824:
3645:Pneumoparotitis
3618:Frey's syndrome
3599:
3597:Salivary glands
3582:
3490:
3461:
3440:Phoenix abscess
3273:
3269:hard tissues –
3247:
3169:Hypercementosis
3088:Cementoblastoma
3074:
3037:
2751:Dens evaginatus
2705:
2675:
2627:Denture-related
2612:Plasmoacanthoma
2538:Keratoacanthoma
2359:
2357:Lining of mouth
2338:
2334:Torus palatinus
2295:
2278:
2259:Lingual thyroid
2217:Fissured tongue
2207:Crenated tongue
2183:
2166:
2152:Nasolabial cyst
2137:Herpes labialis
2091:
2078:
2073:
2043:
2038:
2037:
1990:
1986:
1947:
1940:
1895:
1891:
1846:
1842:
1802:
1798:
1745:Caries Research
1741:
1737:
1694:Caries Research
1690:
1686:
1638:
1634:
1619:
1615:
1576:
1572:
1557:
1542:
1538:
1499:
1495:
1455:
1451:
1412:
1408:
1361:
1357:
1318:
1314:
1269:
1262:
1215:
1211:
1202:
1200:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1179:
1177:
1167:
1133:
1129:
1122:
1108:
1099:
1084:
1070:
1063:
1018:
1011:
963:
957:
950:
915:
911:
861:
855:
851:
803:
797:
793:
778:
765:
750:
731:
694:
679:
674:
642:
557:
520:
371:
311:
303:
268:
205:
158:
123:
118:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4083:
4073:
4072:
4067:
4050:
4049:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4025:Eagle syndrome
4021:
4018:
4017:
4007:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3947:Cystic hygroma
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3906:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3893:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3861:
3856:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3830:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3817:
3815:Sialolithiasis
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3791:
3790:
3785:
3775:
3770:
3769:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3746:Adenocarcinoma
3743:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3713:Myoepithelioma
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3588:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3563:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3467:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3386:Traumatic bone
3383:
3381:Median palatal
3378:
3373:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3253:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3192:
3191:
3181:
3176:
3174:Hypocementosis
3171:
3166:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3096:
3095:
3085:
3079:
3076:
3075:
3043:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3008:
3007:
3006:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2923:
2922:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2908:Neonatal teeth
2900:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2855:
2854:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2795:
2790:
2788:Ectopic enamel
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2681:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2592:
2591:
2590:
2583:Oral melanosis
2580:
2575:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2540:
2535:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2431:
2430:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2383:Bohn's nodules
2380:
2375:
2370:
2368:Amalgam tattoo
2364:
2361:
2360:
2344:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2284:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2172:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2080:
2079:
2072:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2049:
2042:
2041:External links
2039:
2036:
2035:
1984:
1957:(3): 118–123.
1938:
1889:
1840:
1796:
1735:
1700:(2): 119–125.
1684:
1632:
1613:
1570:
1555:
1536:
1509:(5): 436–441.
1493:
1449:
1422:(6): 649–653.
1406:
1355:
1312:
1260:
1209:
1185:
1165:
1127:
1120:
1097:
1082:
1061:
1009:
948:
909:
849:
814:(1): 184–192.
791:
763:
729:
676:
675:
673:
670:
669:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
641:
638:
631:
630:
623:
617:
614:
599:
598:
595:
592:
556:
553:
552:
551:
548:
545:
542:
539:
536:
533:
532:O'Brien Index
530:
527:
524:
519:
516:
513:
512:
509:
505:
504:
501:
497:
496:
493:
490:
486:
485:
482:
478:
477:
474:
470:
469:
466:
463:
459:
458:
455:
451:
450:
447:
443:
442:
439:
436:
432:
431:
428:
424:
423:
420:
417:
413:
412:
409:
405:
404:
401:
398:
394:
393:
390:
387:
370:
367:
364:
363:
360:
356:
355:
352:
348:
347:
344:
340:
339:
336:
332:
331:
328:
310:
307:
302:
299:
267:
264:
263:
262:
259:
253:
248:
235:
204:
201:
173:tooth brushing
157:
154:
122:
119:
117:
114:
59:
58:
55:
49:
48:
44:
43:
35:
34:
31:
27:
26:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4082:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4060:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4022:
4019:
4012:
4008:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3927:Actinomycosis
3925:
3924:
3921:
3917:
3911:
3907:
3897:
3894:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3835:
3831:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3805:Sialodochitis
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3605:
3602:
3598:
3593:
3589:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3484:malocclusions
3481:
3477:
3472:
3468:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3452:Stafne defect
3450:
3448:
3445:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3403:Osteonecrosis
3401:
3399:
3398:Osteomyelitis
3396:
3394:
3391:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3276:
3272:
3271:Bones of jaws
3268:
3264:
3258:
3254:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3216:Periodontitis
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3196:Pericoronitis
3194:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3152:Granulomatous
3150:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3105:Eruption cyst
3103:
3101:
3098:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3048:
3044:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3009:
3005:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2932:Pulp necrosis
2930:
2928:
2925:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2913:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2892:
2891:Dens in dente
2889:
2888:
2887:
2884:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2845:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2783:Discoloration
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2708:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2686:
2682:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2490:Lichen planus
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2465:Herpes zoster
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2440:Fordyce spots
2438:
2436:
2433:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2418:Erythroplakia
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2349:
2345:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2298:
2294:
2289:
2285:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2202:Caviar tongue
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2192:Ankyloglossia
2190:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2177:
2173:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2157:Sun poisoning
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2090:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2070:
2065:
2063:
2058:
2056:
2051:
2050:
2047:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
2000:(11): 552–8.
1999:
1995:
1988:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1951:Dental Update
1945:
1943:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1893:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1844:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1800:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1739:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1688:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1636:
1628:
1624:
1617:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1574:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1552:
1548:
1540:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1497:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1453:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1410:
1402:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1359:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1328:(12): 435–8.
1327:
1323:
1316:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1267:
1265:
1256:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1213:
1199:
1195:
1189:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1131:
1123:
1117:
1113:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1079:
1075:
1068:
1066:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1032:(1): e48–53.
1031:
1027:
1023:
1016:
1014:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
962:
955:
953:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
913:
905:
901:
897:
893:
888:
887:2027.42/37625
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
860:
853:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
802:
795:
787:
783:
776:
774:
772:
770:
768:
760:(6): 116–120.
759:
755:
748:
746:
744:
742:
740:
738:
736:
734:
725:
721:
716:
711:
708:(4): 155–61.
707:
703:
699:
692:
690:
688:
686:
684:
682:
677:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
643:
637:
635:
634:Pulp vitality
629:
624:
621:
618:
615:
612:
611:
610:
607:
604:
596:
593:
590:
589:
588:
586:
581:
579:
575:
571:
565:
563:
549:
546:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
526:Modified TWI
525:
523:Eccles-Index
522:
521:
518:Other indices
510:
507:
506:
502:
499:
498:
494:
491:
487:
483:
480:
479:
475:
472:
471:
467:
464:
460:
456:
453:
452:
448:
445:
444:
440:
437:
433:
429:
426:
425:
421:
418:
414:
410:
407:
406:
402:
399:
395:
391:
388:
385:
384:
378:
376:
361:
358:
357:
353:
350:
349:
345:
342:
341:
337:
334:
333:
329:
326:
325:
319:
317:
306:
298:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
260:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
243:
239:
236:
233:
230:
229:
228:
226:
222:
218:
213:
209:
200:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
153:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
113:
111:
106:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
83:
81:
77:
73:
72:dental caries
69:
65:
56:
54:
50:
45:
41:
36:
32:
28:
23:
3915:
3842:
3778:Sialadenitis
3737:
3689:
3554:Scissor bite
3549:Retrognathia
3534:Overeruption
3514:Malocclusion
3487:
3367:
3326:
3317:Micrognathia
3270:
3261:Periapical,
3147:Desquamative
3071:
3052:Periodontium
3026:Acid erosion
3010:
2967:Taurodontism
2898:Open contact
2810:Enamel pearl
2778:Dilaceration
2741:Concrescence
2542:
2529:
2356:
2309:Cleft palate
2269:Microglossia
2264:Macroglossia
2249:Glossoptosis
2147:Microcheilia
2142:Macrocheilia
1997:
1993:
1987:
1954:
1950:
1909:(3): 121–7.
1906:
1902:
1892:
1860:(1): 17–27.
1857:
1853:
1843:
1813:(1): 88–93.
1810:
1806:
1799:
1751:(3): 294–9.
1748:
1744:
1738:
1697:
1693:
1687:
1646:
1642:
1635:
1626:
1622:
1616:
1583:
1579:
1573:
1545:
1539:
1506:
1502:
1496:
1466:(3): 151–7.
1463:
1459:
1452:
1419:
1415:
1409:
1372:
1368:
1358:
1325:
1321:
1315:
1280:
1276:
1226:
1222:
1212:
1201:. Retrieved
1197:
1188:
1178:, retrieved
1148:
1144:
1137:Addy, Martin
1130:
1111:
1073:
1029:
1025:
971:
967:
929:(1): 69–80.
926:
922:
912:
872:(1): 39–56.
869:
865:
852:
811:
807:
794:
785:
781:
757:
753:
705:
701:
632:
608:
600:
582:
566:
558:
535:Lussi Index
372:
312:
304:
282:
278:
269:
216:
210:is chemical
206:
193:dental floss
185:pipe smoking
164:
159:
129:
124:
107:
84:
63:
62:
3972:Microstomia
3962:Macrostomia
3952:Gnathophyma
3869:Catathrenia
3864:Sleep apnea
3795:Sialectasis
3338:Dentigerous
3328:Odontogenic
3157:Plasma cell
3093:Gigantiform
2869:Microdontia
2859:Macrodontia
2830:Hyperdontia
2525:Oral cancer
2485:Leukoplakia
2393:Candidiasis
2353:Oral mucosa
2274:Rhabdomyoma
2254:Hypoglossia
2115:Plasma cell
1766:10852/34967
1198:www.ada.org
628:Dahl effect
562:restorative
327:BEWE Score
212:dissolution
189:nail biting
30:Other names
4059:Categories
3932:Angioedema
3738:Malignant:
3718:Oncocytoma
3544:Prognathia
3333:periapical
3312:Microgenia
3263:mandibular
3221:Aggressive
3142:Gingivitis
3083:Cementicle
3021:Abfraction
3011:Tooth wear
3004:Edentulism
2999:Tooth loss
2952:Resorption
2937:Pulp polyp
2920:Pulp stone
2864:Meth mouth
2835:Hypodontia
2825:Gemination
2756:Talon cusp
2649:Ulceration
2617:Stomatitis
2595:Pemphigoid
2543:Malignant:
2495:Linea alba
2480:Leukoedema
2460:Herpangina
2428:Giant-cell
1203:2024-04-19
1180:2021-07-23
672:References
661:Abfraction
289:along the
271:Abfraction
266:Abfraction
256:Eructation
251:Rumination
246:alcoholism
197:Toothpicks
177:toothpaste
110:Paul Broca
99:abfraction
64:Tooth wear
25:Tooth wear
4065:Dentistry
3800:Sialocele
3783:Parotitis
3524:Open bite
3519:Crossbite
3297:Cherubism
3267:maxillary
3100:Cementoma
3031:Attrition
2847:Impaction
2815:Fluorosis
2724:Anodontia
2719:Ankylosis
2607:Pemphigus
2227:Glossitis
2122:Cleft lip
2100:Cheilitis
2014:1476-5373
1971:0305-5000
1925:1476-5373
1876:1476-5373
1827:1879-176X
1775:1421-976X
1714:1421-976X
1663:0007-0610
1600:0909-8836
1547:Newcastle
1523:0029-845X
1480:0960-7439
1436:0022-3913
1229:: 79–87.
1092:875630033
988:1879-9817
974:: 163–7.
896:1096-8644
828:1096-8644
646:Attrition
555:Treatment
392:Criteria
301:Diagnosis
258:(burping)
130:attritium
126:Attrition
121:Attrition
87:attrition
57:Dentistry
53:Specialty
3810:Sialosis
3761:Lymphoma
3633:Mucocele
3529:Overbite
3282:Agnathia
3243:Teething
3068:alveolus
3064:cementum
3016:Abrasion
2992:Occlusal
2977:Avulsion
2942:Pulpitis
2886:Odontoma
2632:Herpetic
2622:Aphthous
2132:Eclabium
2030:11008538
2022:10405470
1979:11819971
1933:22322760
1884:22240686
1835:21035516
1791:21372549
1783:20516691
1730:46065628
1722:19321989
1671:15475904
1629:: 69–74.
1565:32250617
1401:18228055
1350:35419496
1307:18228057
1255:27217799
1175:24993256
1056:24558525
1004:52056962
996:30126662
943:26333037
844:24296825
836:28542710
788:(3): 89.
724:22918343
651:Abrasion
640:See also
419:B/L/O/I
400:B/L/O/I
389:Surface
238:Vomiting
175:, using
161:Abrasion
156:Abrasion
148:such as
138:occlusal
91:abrasion
3896:Snoring
3854:Bruxism
3690:Benign:
3539:Overjet
3499:Bruxism
3393:Osteoma
3231:Chronic
3056:gingiva
2530:Benign:
2423:Fibroma
2110:Angular
2105:Actinic
1679:2186540
1608:8804886
1531:3864217
1488:7811669
1392:2238784
1342:6590081
1298:2238785
1246:4861607
1047:3908810
904:6422767
666:Bruxism
656:Erosion
293:of the
287:lesions
283:functio
242:bulimia
240:, e.g.
221:corrode
208:Erosion
203:Erosion
165:abrasum
150:bruxism
134:incisal
95:erosion
80:erosion
3638:Ranula
3110:Epulis
2972:Trauma
2820:Fusion
2729:Caries
2702:enamel
2698:dentin
2293:Palate
2181:Tongue
2028:
2020:
2012:
1977:
1969:
1931:
1923:
1882:
1874:
1833:
1825:
1789:
1781:
1773:
1728:
1720:
1712:
1677:
1669:
1661:
1606:
1598:
1563:
1553:
1529:
1521:
1486:
1478:
1444:292776
1442:
1434:
1399:
1389:
1348:
1340:
1305:
1295:
1253:
1243:
1173:
1163:
1118:
1090:
1080:
1054:
1044:
1002:
994:
986:
941:
902:
894:
842:
834:
826:
722:
492:B/L/O
465:B/L/O
438:B/L/O
386:Score
295:buccal
234:(GERD)
217:erosum
116:Causes
4015:Other
2690:Teeth
2026:S2CID
1787:S2CID
1726:S2CID
1675:S2CID
1346:S2CID
1000:S2CID
964:(PDF)
862:(PDF)
840:S2CID
804:(PDF)
225:molar
68:tooth
3977:Noma
3482:and
3265:and
3070:) –
2694:pulp
2089:Lips
2018:PMID
2010:ISSN
1975:PMID
1967:ISSN
1929:PMID
1921:ISSN
1880:PMID
1872:ISSN
1831:PMID
1823:ISSN
1779:PMID
1771:ISSN
1718:PMID
1710:ISSN
1667:PMID
1659:ISSN
1604:PMID
1596:ISSN
1561:OCLC
1551:ISBN
1527:PMID
1519:ISSN
1484:PMID
1476:ISSN
1440:PMID
1432:ISSN
1397:PMID
1338:PMID
1303:PMID
1251:PMID
1171:PMID
1161:ISBN
1116:ISBN
1088:OCLC
1078:ISBN
1052:PMID
992:PMID
984:ISSN
939:PMID
900:PMID
892:ISSN
832:PMID
824:ISSN
720:PMID
572:and
281:and
144:and
136:and
93:and
2002:doi
1998:186
1959:doi
1911:doi
1907:212
1862:doi
1858:212
1815:doi
1761:hdl
1753:doi
1702:doi
1651:doi
1647:197
1588:doi
1584:104
1511:doi
1468:doi
1424:doi
1387:PMC
1377:doi
1330:doi
1326:156
1293:PMC
1285:doi
1241:PMC
1231:doi
1153:doi
1042:PMC
1034:doi
976:doi
931:doi
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